["\u00dcN\u0130TE 2 GAZLAR","KAZANIMLAR Anahtar kavramlar: bas\u0131n\u00e7, dif\u00fczyon, doygun buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131, ef\u00fczyon, faz diyagram\u0131, hacim, ideal gaz, ger\u00e7ek gaz, k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7, kritik bas\u0131n\u00e7, kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131k, mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k, standart-normal \u015fartlar \u25ba\t GAZLARIN \u00d6ZELLIKLERI VE GAZ YASALARI \t Gazlar\u0131n betimlenmesinde kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zellikleri a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 birimleri (atm, Torr, mmHg ) ve hacim birimleri (L, m3) ile bunlar\u0131n ondal\u0131k ast ve \u00fcst katlar\u0131 k\u0131sa- ca a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. \t b.\t Gazlar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinin \u00f6l\u00e7me y\u00f6ntemleri \u00fczerinde durulur. Manometrelerle ilgili hesaplamalara girilmez. \t\t Gaz yasalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Gazlar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine ili\u015fkin yasalar (Boyle, Charles, Gay Lussac ve Avogadro) \u00fczerinde durulur. \t b.\t \u00d6\u011frencilerin haz\u0131r veriler kullan\u0131larak gaz yasalar\u0131 ile ilgili grafikler \u00e7izmeleri ve yorumlamalar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u25ba\t\u0130DEAL GAZ YASASI \t Deneysel yoldan t\u00fcretilmi\u015f gaz yasalar\u0131 ile ideal gaz yasas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Boyle, Charles ve Avogadro yasalar\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak ideal gaz denklemi t\u00fcretilir. \t b.\t \u0130deal gaz denklemi kullan\u0131larak \u00f6rnek hesaplamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r. \t c.\t Normal \u015fartlarda gaz hacimleri k\u00fctle ve mol say\u0131s\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilir. \u25ba\t GAZLARDA KINETIK TEORI \t Gaz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kinetik teori ile a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Kinetik teorinin temel varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur. \t b.\t Kinetik teorinin temel varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak Graham Dif\u00fczyon ve Ef\u00fczyon Yasas\u0131 t\u00fcretilir. \t c.\t Dif\u00fczyon deneyi yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; bili\u015fim teknolojilerinden (animasyon, sim\u00fclasyon, video vb.) yararlan\u0131larak da a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. Deney yap\u0131l\u0131rken g\u00fcvenlik uyar\u0131lar\u0131na dikkat edilmesi gerekti\u011fi hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131r. \u25ba\t GAZ KARI\u015eIMLARI \t Gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayattan \u00f6rneklerle a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n doygun buhar bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7 kavram\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilerek su \u00fczerinde toplanan gazlarla ilgili hesaplamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u25ba\t GER\u00c7EK GAZLAR \t Gazlar\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma\/genle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde ger\u00e7ek gaz ve ideal gaz kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \t a.\t Ger\u00e7ek gazlar\u0131n hangi durumlarda ideallikten sapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilir. \t b.\t Karbon dioksitin ve suyun faz diyagram\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanarak buhar ve gaz kavramlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark vurgula- n\u0131r. \t c.\t Suyun farkl\u0131 kristal yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren faz diyagramlar\u0131na girilmez. \t \u00e7.\t G\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan ve ger\u00e7ek gazlar\u0131n h\u00e2l de\u011fi\u015fimlerinin uygulamalar\u0131 olan so\u011futma sis- temleri (Joule-Thomson olay\u0131) \u00f6rnekleriyle a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r.","GAZLARIN \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130 Test \/ 1 1.\t V 2V 4.\t Bir maddenin kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz hali X, Y, Z GAZLAR He(g) He(g) ile sembolize ediliyor. 1. kap 2. kap \t Hacim Gazlar\u0131n Genel \u00d6zellikleri \t Kaplarda bulunan gazlar ile ilgili, X \u2022\tMaddenin en d\u00fczensiz halidir. \t I.\t 2. kab\u0131n hacmi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Y \u2022\t\u0130\u00e7ine konduklar\u0131 kab\u0131 tamamen gaz k\u00fctleleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki 2 > 1 \u015fek- doldururlar. lindedir. Z \u2022\tTanecikleri aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fim \t II.\t Gaz k\u00fctleleri e\u015fitse gazlar\u0131n yo\u011funluk- \t K\u00fctle yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki 1 > 2 \u015feklindedir. \t Grafik ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda \u00e7izildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, \u2022\tBulunduklar\u0131 kab\u0131 tamamen ve \t III.\t Her iki kapta da gaz tanecikleri kaba X halinin Y ve Z hallerine k\u0131yasla, homojen olarak doldururlar. Bu homojen da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t I.\t d\u00fczensizlik, nedenle gazlar\u0131n hacmi, bulun- \t II.\t enerji duklar\u0131 kab\u0131n hacmine e\u015fittir \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- \t III.\t \u00f6z k\u00fctle rudur? \t \u00f6zelliklerinden hangileri daha azd\u0131r? \u2022\tTanecikleri her y\u00f6nde geli\u015fi g\u00fczel zig zag hareket (Brown hareke- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III ti) yapar. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u2022\tKat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 haline g\u00f6re enerjisi y\u00fcksek yo\u011funlu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. 2.\t 5.\t Gazlarla ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen yarg\u0131lar- \u2022\tTanecikleri aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklar dan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? sebebi ile bas\u0131n\u00e7la s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labi- lirler. X(g) X(s) \t A)\t Kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 haline g\u00f6re enerjisi y\u00fcksek yo\u011funlu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u2022\tTanecikleri hareketleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda 1. kap 2. kap esnek \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar yapar. \t B)\t Taneciklerin kendi hacmi, i\u00e7inde bulun- \t Kaplardaki maddelerin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hacmi du\u011fu kab\u0131n hacmi yan\u0131nda ihmal edile- \u2022\tTanecikleri hareketleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda e\u015fittir. cek kadar azd\u0131r. kab\u0131n y\u00fczeylerine \u00e7arparak gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t C)\t Tanecikleri esnek \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma yapar. \t I.\t tek taneci\u011finin toplam enerjisi, \u2022\tKab\u0131n her noktas\u0131na ayn\u0131 bas\u0131n- \t D)\t Tanecikleri aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fim yok c\u0131 yaparlar. \t II.\t atom say\u0131s\u0131, denecek kadar azd\u0131r \u2022\tBirbirleriyle her zaman homojen \t III.\t \u00f6zk\u00fctle \t E)\t \u0130\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 kab\u0131n sadece taba- kar\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. n\u0131na bas\u0131n\u00e7 yaparlar. \t niceliklerinden hangileri aras\u0131nda 1 > 2 \u2022\tTanecikleri aras\u0131nda herhan- ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r? 6.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6zelliklerden gaza ait olan ve gi bir etkile\u015fim olmayan gaza ideal gaz, etkile\u015fim olan gazla- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III olmayanlar \u201c\uf0fc\u201d i\u015fareti ile belirtilmi\u015ftir. ra ger\u00e7ek gaz ad\u0131 verilir. Gazlar, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7- \t Buna g\u00f6re, hangisinde i\u015faret hatal\u0131 ola- ta ideal gaz davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na yakla- rak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u015f\u0131rken, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ideal gaz davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n- dan uzakla\u015farak ger\u00e7ek gaz gibi davran\u0131rlar. \u2022\tGaz molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bo\u015fluklar oldu\u011fundan gazlar s\u0131- k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Gazlar\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7 (P), hacim (V), mol say\u0131s\u0131 (n) ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k (T) olmak \u00fczere 4 temel de\u011fi\u015fkeni vard\u0131r. \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00d6zellik Ait Ait olmayan 3.\t X saf maddesinin kat\u0131 ve gaz halinde sa- A) S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. \u00fc hip oldu\u011fu \u00f6zellikler k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, B) En d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerjili \u00fc \t I.\t Gaz halinin \u00f6zk\u00fctlesi daha fazlad\u0131r. fiziksel haldir. \t II.\t Kat\u0131 halinin enerjisi daha azd\u0131r. C) Tanecikleri \u00fc aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \t III.\t Brown hareketini sadece gaz tanecik- bo\u015fluklar vard\u0131r. leri yapar. D) Birbiriyle her \u00fc \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? zaman hetorojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III E) Maddenin en d\u00fczenli halidir. \u00fc \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 1.D 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.E 6.D 53 GAZLAR","GAZLARIN \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130 Test \/ 1 Gazlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7 7.\t 1 10.\t \u0130ki farkl\u0131 gaz k\u0131yaslan\u0131rken ............. niceli\u011fi hacim s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve madde miktar\u0131 nicelikleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 1. gaz i\u00e7in daha fazlad\u0131r. He(g) \t Yukar\u0131daki metinde bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131lan yere, Bas\u0131n\u00e7 2 \t I.\t bas\u0131n\u00e7 Gaz taneciklerinin hareketi s\u0131ra- \t \u015eekildeki kab\u0131n 1 ve 2 nolu musluklar\u0131n- \t II.\t hacim s\u0131nda kab\u0131n \u00e7eperlerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dan al\u0131nan m graml\u0131k iki \u00f6rnek ile ilgili, \u00e7arpmalar gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \t \t III.\t mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 e\u015fittir. \u2022\tKapal\u0131 kaplardaki gazlar\u0131n ba- \t niceliklerinden hangilerinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na s\u0131nc\u0131 monometre ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. \t II.\t E\u015fit hacimli kapta ayn\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 yapar- getirilmesi gazlar\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131yas- \t lar. lamak i\u00e7in yeterli olmaz? \u2022\tBas\u0131n\u00e7 birimi olarak genellikle \u201catm\u201d (atmosfer) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. III.\t Atom say\u0131lar\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u2022\t1 atm = 76 cmHg yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t = 760 mmHg \t = 760 Torr dur. Gaz Bas\u0131nc\u0131 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u2001 Di\u011fer \u00f6zellikleri sabit kalmak \u015far- D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 t\u0131yla; \u2022\tMolek\u00fcllerin \u00e7arpma \u015fiddeti ve \u00e7arpma say\u0131s\u0131yla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131- d\u0131r. \u2022\tGaz\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131 ile do\u011fru oran- 11.\t Bir miktar X gaz\u0131n\u0131n t\u00b0C\u2019de P\u2006x\u2006V \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 t\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. 76000 Torr cm3 t\u00fcr. \u2022\tMutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k ile do\u011fru orant\u0131- 8.\t Gazlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel- \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu gaz\u0131n P\u2006x\u2006V \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 ka\u00e7 l\u0131d\u0131r. likler ile ilgili, atm L dir? \u2022\tGaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kab\u0131n hacmiyle \t I.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7, gaz taneciklerinin hareketin- \t A) 0,01\u2001 B) 0,1\u2001 C) 1\u2001 D) 10\u2001 E) 100 ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. den kaynaklan\u0131r. Hacim \t II.\t Hacim, gaz taneciklerinin hacimleri top- lam\u0131na e\u015fittir. Gaz\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu kab\u0131n b\u00fc- y\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder. \t III.\t L, mL hacim birimidir. \u2022\tAyn\u0131 miktar gaz, farkl\u0131 hacim- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? leri doldurabilece\u011finden tek ba- \u015f\u0131na gaz hacmi, miktar\u0131 ile ilgili \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III bir \u015feyi ifade etmez. \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 12.\t \u2022\tHacim birimi olarak genellikle \u201cL\u201d (litre) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 1 Atm mL 2 3 cm3 Torr 4 \u2022\t1 L = 1000 mL \t = 1 dm3 9.\t \u2022\t 0,1 atm \t Yukar\u0131daki tablodan gazlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak \t = 1000 cm3 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan hacim birimleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r- \t = 10-3 m3 t\u00fcr. \t \u2022\t P1 cmHg sa a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekillerden hangisi elde \t \u2022\t P2 Torr edilir? S\u0131cakl\u0131k \t Yukar\u0131daki bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferleri birbirine \t A) B) S\u0131cakl\u0131k bir maddenin molek\u00fclleri- e\u015fit oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, 1 1 nin ortalama hareket enerjisi nin 3 bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. S\u0131cakl\u0131k T ile g\u00f6zre- \t I.\t P2 > P1 \u2019dir. 2 tilir. Birimi Kelvin (K) dir. \t II.\t P1 oran\u0131 1 \u2019dur. Santigrat derece ile Kelvin s\u0131cak- P2 10 l\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda 0C=K+273 e\u015fitli\u011fi vard\u0131r. \t III.\t \u0130lk de\u011fer 0,2 atm olsayd\u0131 P1 oran\u0131 1 \t C)\t D) 21 Madde miktar\u0131 olurdu. P2 5 4 Madde miktar\u0131 mol say\u0131s\u0131 ile ifade edilir. n ile g\u00f6sterilir. 1 mol 6,02.1023 taneci\u011fe e\u015fittir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? 4 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t E) 3 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 4 54 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 GAZLAR 7.E 8.B 9.C 10.E 11.B 12.D","BOYLE YASASI Test \/ 2 1.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 (atm) 4.\t P P GAZ YASALARI 1 Boyle Yasas\u0131 Serbest pistonlu kaplarda\u2029gaz 2 V II 1 bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131nca e\u015fittir. Bu tip 3 I V kaplarda mol say\u0131s\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k sabit kalmak ko\u015fuluyla d\u0131\u015f ba- Hacim (L) PxV s\u0131n\u00e7 artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa hacim azal\u0131rken, \t Miktar\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit tutulan gaz\u0131n, ba- d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7 azalt\u0131l\u0131rsa hacim artar. s\u0131nc\u0131 ile hacmi grafikteki gibi de\u011fi\u015fmekte- dir. Boyle yasas\u0131na g\u00f6re sabit s\u0131cak- \t Buna g\u00f6re, l\u0131kta belirli bir gaz\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda \t I.\t 3. noktada \u00f6zk\u00fctlesi en azd\u0131r. tek ba\u015f\u0131na bas\u0131n\u00e7 yada hacminin \t II.\t Her \u00fc\u00e7 noktada P\u2006x\u2006V \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. de\u011fi\u015fmesi durumunda Bas\u0131n\u00e7 x \t III.\t 1. den 2. ye ge\u00e7ilirken tanecikler aras\u0131 bo\u015fluk artar. P Hacim de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015fmez. III \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Miktar\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit tutulan gaz Bas\u0131n\u00e7 (atm) i\u00e7in \u00e7izilen yukar\u0131daki grafiklerden han- gileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? P1 n ve T sabit P2 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III P3 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 V1 V2 V3 Hacim(L) \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 2.\t Deniz seviyesinden her 10,5m y\u00fckse\u011fe \u00e7\u0131- 5.\t 3V 2V V Bo\u015f elastik balon k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 1mmHg azal\u0131r. 3 atm \t Buna g\u00f6re, deniz seviyesinde \u015fi\u015firi- He(g) 2V len bir balonun hacminin 1500mL\u2019den V 1520mL\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta deniz seviyesinden ka\u00e7 metre y\u00fckse\u011fe P 2P \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r? \t \u015eekildeki sistemde sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta musluk \t A) 105\u2001 B) 210\u2001 C) 315\u2001 D) 420\u2001 E) 525 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p piston 2V noktas\u0131na getirilip sabitle- n, T sabit iken, 3.\t niyor. P1\u2006x\u2006V1 = P2\u2006x\u2006V2 =P3V3 = Sabit Ne(g) \t Buna g\u00f6re, son durumda elastik balon Boyle yasas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak hacminin toplam gaz hacmine oran\u0131 ayn\u0131 miktarda gaz i\u00e7eren farkl\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? (Ortam bas\u0131nc\u0131 1 atm\u2019dir.) s\u0131cakl\u0131klardaki gaz sistemlerinin \t A) 7 \u2001 B) 7 \u2001 C) 5 \u2001 D) 2 \u2001 E) 1 grafi\u011fi, 98933 P (atm) \t \u015eekildeki sistemde piston sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 6.\t n = Sabit V (L) itilerek birim hacimdeki tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 3 T1 > T2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. 5V 4V T1 \t Buna g\u00f6re, yap\u0131lan etki ile ideal Ne ga- 3V He(g) T2 z\u0131n\u0131n, 2V 4 atm \u015feklinde olur. \t I.\t bas\u0131n\u00e7 V Buna g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 miktarda gaz i\u00e7e- \t II.\t bas\u0131n\u00e7 x hacim \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 ren bir kap i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7 ile hacim \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 (P\u2006x\u2006V) mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k ile \t III.\t yo\u011funluk do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak artar. \t niceliklerinden hangileri de ba\u015flang\u0131ca \t \u015eekildeki sistemde sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta piston k\u0131yasla 3 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? V \u2012 2V aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilip sabitleniyor. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t Buna g\u00f6re, son durumda He(g) bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 atm olabilir? \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t A) 5\u2001 B) 6\u2001 C) 7\u2001 D) 10\u2001 E) 15 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 55 1.E 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.E GAZLAR","BOYLE YASASI Test \/ 2 Bu yasaya g\u00f6re belirli bir miktar 7.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 (atm) 9.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 (atm) gaz\u0131n sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 1\/V de\u011feri P1 ile bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri aras\u0131nda do\u011fru A orant\u0131 bulunur. 5 P (atm) B C P2 1 D 2 V1 4 Hacim (L) V (L) V2 \t Bir miktar gaz\u0131n farkl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda bas\u0131n\u00e7 1 \t Bir miktar gaz\u0131n ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u2012 (P) \u2012 hacim (V) grafi\u011fi yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. V hacim de\u011fi\u015fimi grafikte verilmi\u015ftir. \t \t Buna g\u00f6re, Mol say\u0131s\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k sabit oldu\u011fu \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi 1 > 2 \u015feklindedir. s\u00fcrece bas\u0131n\u00e7 artsa da PxV de\u011fi\u015f- \t mez. \t I.\t P1 = 10 ise V1 = 2\u2019dir. \t II.\t B ve D noktalar\u0131nda gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu II.\t V2 = 1, P2 = 20 olabilir. e\u015fittir. P.V III.\t P1 bas\u0131nc\u0131na sahipken gaz\u0131n yo\u011funlu- \t III.\t C noktas\u0131ndan A noktas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmak \t \u011fu en fazlad\u0131r. i\u00e7in s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III P \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 n ve T = Sabit Mol say\u0131s\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k sabit oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece hacim artsa da PxV de\u011fi\u015f- mez. P.V V 8.\t 3V 10.\t P\u2006.\u2006V 1 n ve T = Sabit 2 PxV grafi\u011fi 2 atm Bo\u015f He(g) \u2022\tSabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00e7izilmi\u015fse mol say\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 n1 > n2 Pompa P1 P2 P \u015feklinde, \u015eekildeki sistemde sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 1. kap- \t Bir miktar gaz\u0131n sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta P\u2006.\u2006V ile P \u2022\tSabit mol say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7izilmi\u015fse taki ideal He gaz\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 2. kaba akta- grafi\u011fi yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. s\u0131cakl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 T1 > T2 r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 6 atm oluyor. \u015feklinde olur. Buna g\u00f6re, \t Buna g\u00f6re, P \t I.\t 2. durumda gaz tanecikleri daha ser- I.\t 2. kab\u0131n hacmi 6V\u2019dir. \t II.\t Gaz\u0131n P\u2006x\u2006V \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 3 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. best hareket eder. III.\t Gaz\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu 3 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t II.\t Her iki durumda hacim de\u011feri ayn\u0131d\u0131r. 1\t \t III.\t Gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 P2 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2V \t P1 \t hacmi de ayn\u0131 oranda artar. \t \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 56 GAZLAR 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.E","CHARLES YASASI Test \/ 3 1.\t Hacim (mL) 4.\t Charles Yasas\u0131 V2 5V Bu yasaya g\u00f6re pistonlu bir kapta V1 4V bulunan belirli bir miktar gaz\u0131n hacmi, mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile do\u011fru 3V \u0130deal piston orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Yani gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a hacmi artarken, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2V He(g) azald\u0131k\u00e7a hacmi azal\u0131r. V t1 t2 S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00baC) \t Sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131ndaki bir miktar CO gaz\u0131 \t \u015eekildeki sistemde He gaz\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 P0 \u0130deal i\u00e7in \u00e7izilen yukar\u0131daki grafikte, t1\u00b0C den t2\u00b0C ye getirildi\u011finde piston 5V ye piston \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. V1 T1 \u0130deal \t V1 = 60 ise, V2 \t\t \u2006t1 \t t2 piston t1 27 t2 \t I.\t 200\t 500 P0 V2 \t a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi olabilir? \t II.\t \u201273\t 227 T2 \t A) 80 \u2001 B) 100 \u2001 C) 120 \t III.\t 27\t 477 127 147 54 \t Buna g\u00f6re, t1 ve t2 de\u011ferleri yukar\u0131daki- \t\u2001 D) 150 \u2001 E) 180 \u2001 lerden hangileri olabilir? 277 81 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II 2.\t I.\t Daha s\u0131cak bir ortama konan elastik \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 balonun \u015fi\u015fmesi T2 < T1 ise V2 < V1 dir. \t II.\t Havada sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta y\u00fckselen me- n ve P sabit iken; teoroloji balonunun belirli bir y\u00fckseklik- te patlamas\u0131 5.\t V (L) V1 = V2 ya da V1 = T1 dir. T1 T2 V2 T2 \t III.\t K\u0131\u015f\u0131n yere b\u0131rak\u0131lan basketbol topunun V2 s\u00f6nmesi \t Yukar\u0131daki olaylardan hangileri Charles yasas\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 V1 \u00d6rne\u011fin, Sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda 227\u2006\u00b0C s\u0131cak- l\u0131ktaki He gaz\u0131n\u0131n hacmi 50L olsun. 3.\t 4V 4V Bu gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 727\u2006\u00b0C\u2019a kadar T (K) \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hacminin ka\u00e7 L olaca- T1 T2 \u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplayal\u0131m. 300 K 300 K \t Bir miktar gaz i\u00e7in sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacim Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fer- He(g) Ne(g) lerini K birimine \u00e7evrilmesi gerekir. (V) - mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k (T) de\u011fi\u015fimi grafi\u011fi ve- rilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 227\u2006+\u2006273 yani 500 K, son s\u0131cak- 1. kap 2. kap \t Buna g\u00f6re, l\u0131k 727\u2006+\u2006273 yani 1000 K\u2019d\u0131r. \u0130deal piston \t I.\t V1 = T1 \u2019dir. V1 = V2 \u00b4 V2 T2 T1 T2 \t \u015eekildeki sistemde ideal piston, k\u0131s\u0131mlar aras\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini engellemektedir. \t II.\t V1 = 20, T2 = 300 ise V2 x T1 \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 50 = V2 \u00b4 V2 = 100L olur. 6000\u2019dir. 500 1000 \t 1. k\u0131sm\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 200 K\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp 2. k\u0131sm\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u2006K\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1. \t III.\t Gaz\u0131n mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131- k\u0131sm\u0131n hacmi 2V oluyor. l\u0131rsa hacmi de 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. \t Buna g\u00f6re, T\u2019nin de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) 400\u2001 B) 450\u2001 C) 500 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) 600\u2001 E) 750\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 57 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.E GAZLAR","CHARLES YASASI Test \/ 3 Hacim s\u0131cakl\u0131k grafikleri, 6.\t \u0130deal piston 8.\t V (L) S\u0131cakl\u0131k birimi olarak kelvin(K) al\u0131n\u0131rsa; n mol V2 He(g) V1 V(L) n mol He(g) 1. kap 2. kap t A 0 30 \t \u0130deal pistonlu kaptaki He gaz\u0131na ayn\u0131 or- \t Bir miktar gaz\u0131n sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131- tamda yap\u0131lan etki sonucunda 2. durum t\u0131lmas\u0131na ait verilen grafi\u011fe g\u00f6re, 0 T(K) elde edilmi\u015ftir. (n ve P sabit) \t \t I.\t A noktas\u0131, mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade \t Buna g\u00f6re, He gaz\u0131n\u0131n, eder. \u015feklinde, s\u0131cakl\u0131k birimi 0C al\u0131n\u0131rsa \t I.\t bas\u0131n\u00e7, V(L) \t II.\t t nin birimi Celcius\u2019tur. II.\t \u00f6zk\u00fctle, \t \t III.\t V1 = V2 \u2019dur. III.\t birim hacimdeki tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 0 30 \t niceliklerinden hangileri artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u2212273 t(\u00baC) \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 (n ve P sabit) \u015feklinde olur. 9.\t 1500mL 800mL Ne(g) Bir gaz i\u00e7in sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda He(g) mol say\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131yas\u0131 n1 > n2 oldu- \u011funda ya da sabit mol say\u0131s\u0131nda 7.\t V (L) 1. kap 2. kap bas\u0131n\u00e7 k\u0131yas\u0131 P1 < P2 \u015feklinde ol- du\u011funda gaza ait V\u2006-\u2006T grafi\u011fi; 1 2 S\u0131cakl\u0131k birimi kelvin (K) oldu- \u011funda; V 1 \t \u015eekildeki kaplarda bulunan gazlar\u0131n ba- s\u0131n\u00e7 ve mol say\u0131s\u0131 e\u015fittir. 2 \t He gaz\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 477\u00b0C ise, Ne gaz\u0131- n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7 \u00b0C\u2019dir? 0 T(K) T (K) \t A) 127\u2001 B) 157\u2001 C) 187\u2001 D) 217\u2001 E) 400 s\u0131cakl\u0131k birimi Celcius (oC) oldu- \t \u011funda; \u00d6zde\u015f ideal pistonlu kaplardaki bir miktar 10.\t \u0130deal pistonlu kaptaki bir miktar He gaz\u0131n\u0131n gaz\u0131n farkl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7lara sahip ortamlarda V(L) hacim (V) - mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k (T) de\u011fi\u015fimi s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 27\u2006\u00b0C iken hacmi 450 mL, s\u0131cakl\u0131- grafikleri yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. \u011f\u0131 177\u2006\u00b0C iken hacmi 660 mL dir. 1\t \t Buna g\u00f6re, V \t Yukar\u0131daki metnin do\u011fru olabilmesi i\u00e7in, 2 I.\t 1 e\u011frisi \u00fczerinde T oran\u0131 sabittir. \t \t I.\t 27\u2006\u00b0C \u2192 37\u2006\u00b0C II.\t E\u011friler i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7 k\u0131yas\u0131 1 > 2 \u015feklin- \t II.\t 177\u2006\u00b0C \u2192 167\u2006\u00b0C dedir. \t III.\t 660 mL \u2192 675 mL \u2212273 0 t(\u00baC) \t III.\t 1 e\u011frisinden, 2 e\u011frisini elde etmek i\u00e7in \u015feklinde olur. \t gaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kap bas\u0131nc\u0131n daha \t de\u011fi\u015fimlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ortam g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir. yap\u0131labilir? yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 GAZLAR 58 6.E 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.D","GAY LUSSAC YASASI Test \/ 4 1.\t Sabit hacimli kaptaki bir miktar Ne gaz\u0131n\u0131n 3.\t \u0130lk s\u0131cakl\u0131k\t Son s\u0131cakl\u0131k Gay Lussac Yasas\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda X ve Y niceli\u011fi \t I.\t 100\u00b0C\t 125\u00b0C Sabit hacimli bir kapta bulunan \tX \t II.\t 400 K\t 500 K bir miktar gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131, mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \t III.\t 27\u00b0C\t 102\u00b0C V \t Yukar\u0131daki s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimlerinden han- gileri, sabit hacimli kaptaki bir miktar He gaz\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n %25 artmas\u0131na P1 neden olur? T1 \tY \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t grafikteki gibi de\u011fi\u015fiyor. \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\t X\t Y \t I.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k (K) V \t II.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C) 4.\t P(atm) P(atm) P2 \t III.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 \t S\u0131cakl\u0131k (K) 1,2 T2 1 S\u0131cakl\u0131k (K) \t Buna g\u00f6re, X ve Y niceli\u011fi yukar\u0131daki- lerden hangileri olabilir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II 250 T(K) 273 t t (\u00baC) T2 > T1 ise P2 > P1 dir. Grafik - 1 Grafik - 2 n ve T sabit iken; \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t Grafik - 1 He, Grafik - 2 Ne gaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zde\u015f P1 P2 P1 T1 sabit hacimli kaplarda e\u015fit mol say\u0131l\u0131 mik- T1 T2 P2 T2 tarlar\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k ile de\u011fi\u015fimini = ya da = dir. g\u00f6stermektedir. P \t Buna g\u00f6re, Ne gaz\u0131 i\u00e7in grafikte yer alan t\u2019nin de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? P2 2.\t P(cmHg) \t A) 27\u2001 B) 77\u2001 C) 127 \u2001 D) 177 \u2001 E) 300 P1 P2 5.\t 0 T1 T2 T(K) V(L) P1 2 atm He(g) T (K) T1 T2 P1 atm Ne \t V hacimli kaptaki n mol He gaz\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131n- c\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k ile de\u011fi\u015fimi grafikteki gibi ve- \t \u015eekildeki kapta mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k iki kat\u0131na \u2212273 0 t(\u00baC) rilmi\u015ftir. \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda He gaz\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 2 atm T1 P1 T2 P2 den P2 atm ye \u00e7\u0131karken toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 5 E\u011frilerin nokta nokta olan k\u0131sm\u0131, I 300 60 400 80 atm olmaktad\u0131r. gaz\u0131n hal de\u011fi\u015fimini ifade eder. II 400 50 600 85 \t Buna g\u00f6re, P1 ve P2 de\u011ferleri hangi se- \u00e7enekte do\u011fru olarak verilmi\u015ftir? \t III 200 40 450 90 \t\t P1 \t P2 \t Buna g\u00f6re, yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferler- \t A)\t 0,5\t 3 den hangileri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir? \t B)\t 0,5\t 4 \t C)\t 1\t 3 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t D)\t 1\t 4 \t E)\t 2\t 4 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 59 1.A 2.B 3.E 4.A 5.B GAZLAR","GAY LUSSAC YASASI Test \/ 4 P 6.\t P (atm) P 8.\t t\u2006\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki n mol He gaz\u0131 V hacimli T T kapta P atm bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapmaktad\u0131r. He gaz\u0131- I t (\u00baC) II T(K) n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 50 Kelvin art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kapta- P (atm) ki gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 7P atm olmaktad\u0131r. P 6 n ve T = Sabit \t Buna g\u00f6re, son durumda He gaz\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131- cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7 \u00b0C\u2019dir? \t A) 27\u2001 B) 77\u2001 C) 127\u2001 D) 177\u2001 E) 300 P T III t (\u00baC) 9.\t Engel \t Sabit hacimli bir kaptaki bir miktar CO 3V gaz\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7izilen yukar\u0131daki grafiklerden hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? 2V Po = 1 atm \u0130deal piston T \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III V 27\u00baC He(g) n ve T = Sabit \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 P \t \u015eekildeki sistem ile ilgili, 1 2 \t I.\t 27\u00b0C ile 627\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Charles yasas\u0131 ile gaz hacmi hesapla- T(K) nabilir. Yukar\u0131daki grafik, \t II.\t 627\u00b0C nin \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar i\u00e7in Gay Lussac yasas\u0131 ile gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 he- \u2022\tSabit hacim i\u00e7in \u00e7izilmi\u015fse mol saplanabilir. say\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131yas\u0131 n1 > n2 \t III.\t Gaz\u0131n mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l- \u2022\tSabit mol say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7izilmi\u015fse d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bas\u0131nc\u0131 da 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. hacim k\u0131yas\u0131 V2 > V1 \u015feklindedir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u2022\tSabit hacimli kaptaki gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bas\u0131nc\u0131 da 7.\t \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III artar. Bu de\u011fer belirli bir limi- ti a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kab\u0131n patlamas\u0131na \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 neden olabilir. Ne(g) \t \u015eekildeki kapta bulunan gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ar- 10.\t P (Torr) t\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. 546 \t Buna g\u00f6re, 0 t (\u00baC) \t I.\t Yap\u0131lan etki sonucunda bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fi- mi Gay Lussac yasas\u0131 ile hesaplanabi- \t Sabit hacimli kaptaki bir miktar Ne gaz\u0131n\u0131n lir. bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k ile de\u011fi\u015fimi grafikteki gibidir. \t II.\t Gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu artar. \t III.\t Yap\u0131lan etki P oran\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. \t Buna g\u00f6re, He gaz\u0131n\u0131n \u22121\u2006\u00b0C deki bas\u0131n- c\u0131 ka\u00e7 Torr\u2019dur? T \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) 545\u2001 B) 544\u2001 C) 543 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) 542\u2001 E) 541\u2001 GAZLAR 60 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.B","AVOGADRO YASASI Test \/ 5 1.\t Elastik bir balon normal ko\u015fullarda CO2 4.\t Po = P Avogadro Yasas\u0131 gaz\u0131 ile doludur. Balon oda ko\u015fullar\u0131na sa- Po = P CH4 V2 Bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 olan hip bir ortama g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. V1 T(K) (ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullardaki) gazlar\u0131n e\u015fit \t Buna g\u00f6re, CO2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n, hacimlerinde, e\u015fit say\u0131da tanecik \t I.\t hacim SO2(g) bulunur. \t II.\t yo\u011funluk T(K) \t III.\t s\u0131cakl\u0131k \t IV.\t bas\u0131n\u00e7 P, T \t niceliklerinden hangileri artar? \t \u015eekildeki ideal pistonlu kaplarda bulunan \u0130deal SO2 ve CH4 gazlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctleleri e\u015fittir. V1 piston \t Buna g\u00f6re, V1 oran\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? n1 V2 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve IV\u2001 E) II, III ve IV\u2001 \t (H : 1, C : 12, O : 16, S : 32) \t A) 1 \u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 1 \u2001 D) 1 \u2001 E) 1 P, T 5432 \u0130deal piston V2 n1 2.\t Avogadro yasas\u0131 \u201cAyn\u0131 ko\u015fullardaki gazla- 5.\t n2 > n1 ise V2 > V1 dir. r\u0131n hacimleri ile mol say\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131- \u0130deal m gram P ve T sabit iken; d\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde ifade edilebilir. 0,4 gram piston SO2(g) V1 = V2 ya da V1 = n1 dir. \t Buna g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da k\u00fctle ve hacimleri H2(g) 2V n1 n2 V2 n2 verilen gazlardan hangisi di\u011ferlerinden V farkl\u0131 bir ko\u015fulda oldu\u011fu kesindir? \t (H:1, He:4, C:12, O:16, Ne:20, S:32) \t\t Gaz \t K\u00fctle (g) Hacim (L) \t \u015eekildeki kaplar ayn\u0131 ortamdad\u0131r. V 0,6\t 1,5 \t A)\t\t H2\t 0,4\t 0,3 \t Gazlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fit oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, V2 \t B)\t\t He\t 40\t 6 SO2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctlesi (m) ka\u00e7 gramd\u0131r? 6,4\t 1,2 (H2:2, SO2:64) \t C)\t\t Ne\t 12,8\t 0,6 V1 \t D)\t\tCH4\t \t A) 6,4\u2001 B) 12,8\u2001 C) 25,6\u2001 D) 51,2\u2001 E) 64 \t E)\t\tSO2\t 0 n1 n2 n Soru: Ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda 0,3 mol CH4 ga- z\u0131n\u0131n 6 litre hacim kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko- \u015fullarda 9 g C2H6 ve 16 g C3H4 gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ka\u00e7 litre hacim kap- 6.\t V 2V 3V 4V lar?(C:12, H:1) 3.\t A) 8\t B) 10 C) 12\t \t 3V 10 gram CH4(g) \t D) 14\t E)16 T(K) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: He(g) 2V T(K) 9 g C2H6 0,3 mol ve 16 gram C3H4 0,4 mold\u00fcr. Toplam mol say\u0131s\u0131 0,7 V \u0130deal piston 10 gram SO3(g) mol olur. Gazlarda ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda \u0130deal piston mol say\u0131lar\u0131 oran\u0131 hacimleri oran\u0131n\u0131 verir. \t \u015eekildeki sistem dengede iken kaba sa- 0,3 mol 6L \t \u015eekildeki kaba ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ka\u00e7 gram bit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ka\u00e7 gram H2 gaz\u0131 eklenir- 0,7 mol ?L ?=16L He gaz\u0131 eklenirse piston 3V noktas\u0131na se He gaz\u0131n\u0131n hacmi V olur? \u00e7\u0131kar? (He:4, S:32, O:16) Cevap: D \t (H:1, He:4) \t A) 1\u2001 B) 1,5\u2001 C) 2\u2001 D) 2,5\u2001 E) 3 \t A) 2,5\u2001 B) 5\u2001 C) 10\u2001 D) 20\u2001 E) 50 GAZLAR \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.C 61","AVOGADRO YASASI Test \/ 5 Normal Ko\u015fullar 7.\t V 2V 3V 10.\t 0\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve 1atm bas\u0131nc\u0131 ifa- He(g) CH4(g) V1 \u0130deal piston de eder. Normal ko\u015fullar alt\u0131ndaki T(K) T(K) t\u00fcm gazlar\u0131n 1 mol\u00fc 22,4L hacim CH4(g) kaplar. Oda Ko\u015fullar\u0131 (Standart \u015fartlar) \t \u0130deal piston \t \u015eekildeki kaba atom say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131ka- \t na kadar sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta H2 gaz\u0131 eklendi- 25\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve 1 atm bas\u0131n- \u015eekildeki sistem dengededir. \u011finde gaz hacmi V2 oluyor. c\u0131 ifade eder. Oda ko\u015fullar\u0131ndaki Buna g\u00f6re, kaplardaki gaz k\u00fctleleri oran\u0131 t\u00fcm gazlar\u0131n 1 mol\u00fc 24,5 L hacim mHe ka\u00e7t\u0131r? (H:1, He:4, C:12) \t Buna g\u00f6re, V1 oran\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? kaplar. mCH4 V2 V A) 1 \u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 1 \u2001 D) 1 \u2001 E) 1 \t A) 1 \u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 1 \u2001 D) 1 \u2001 E) 1 86432 65432 1 2\t n Yukar\u0131daki grafik, 8.\t I.\t Normal ko\u015fullarda 11,2L hacim kapla- 11.\t 8 gram CH4 gaz\u0131n\u0131n 4L hacim kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2022\tSabit bas\u0131n\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00e7izilmi\u015fse s\u0131- yan CO2(g) ko\u015fullarda 3 gram CxH6 gaz\u0131 800mL hacim cakl\u0131k k\u0131yas\u0131 T1 > T2 \t II.\t Oda ko\u015fullar\u0131nda 49L hacim kaplayan kapl\u0131yor. \t Buna g\u00f6re, x\u2019in de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t \u2022\tSabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00e7izilmi\u015fse ba- CH4(g) (H:1, C:12) s\u0131n\u00e7 k\u0131yas\u0131 P2 > P1 \u015feklindedir. \t III.\t Normal ko\u015fullarda 67,2L hacim kapla- \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 \u2022\t\u00dcflenen elastik balonun zaman- yan H2(g) la \u015fi\u015fmesi ya da delinen lasti\u011fin, \t Yukar\u0131da bulundu\u011fu ko\u015fullar ve hacmi topun inmesi Avogadro yasas\u0131 ile ilgilidir. verilen gazlar\u0131n k\u00fctleleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerin hangisinde do\u011fru olarak k\u0131yaslanm\u0131\u015f- Birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Gaz Denklemi t\u0131r? (H:1, C:12, O:16) Gaz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan ya- \t A) I > II > III\u2001 B) II > I > III\u2001 C) II > III > I salara g\u00f6re \t\u2001 D) III > I > II\u2001 E) III > II > I\u2001 P.V sabit ise, P ile 1\/V (Boyle ya- sas\u0131); V\/T sabit ise V ile T (Char- les Kanunu); P\/ T sabit ise P ile T (Gay \u2013 Lussac Kanunu); V\/n sabit ise V ile n (Avogadro yasas\u0131) do\u011f- ru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r Bu denklemler birle\u015fti\u011finde, P.V\/n.T de\u011ferinin sabit oldu\u011fu so- nucuna ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ifade belirli bir miktar gaz i\u00e7in, P1 . V1 = P2 . V2 9.\t 12.\t V 2V 3V T1 T2 m gram ya da, m1 gram X(g) m NO(g) T(K) 2 P1 . V1 T1 gram P2 . V2 T2 = He(g) T(K) \u015feklinde de ifade edilebilir. \t \u015eekildeki elastik balon NO gaz\u0131 ile doludur. \u0130deal piston Balona sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta m2 gram CO gaz\u0131 \t \u015eekildeki sistem dengededir. Bu ifadeye birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f gaz ya- \t eklendi\u011finde balonun hacmi %20 art\u0131yor. \t Buna g\u00f6re, X gaz\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilenler- sas\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir.Birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f gaz \t Buna g\u00f6re, m1 oran\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? yasas\u0131 bir gaz\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere den hangisi olabilir? sahip \u00f6rnekleri veya farkl\u0131 gazla- m2 \t (H:1, He:4, C:12, O:16, S:32) r\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinin incelenmesinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. (C:12, N:14, O:16) \t A) H2\u2001 B) CH4\u2001 C) O2\u2001 D) SO2\u2001 E) SO3 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t A) 75 \u2001 B) 65 \u2001 C) 75 \u2001 D) 65 \u2001 E) 55 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.B 14 14 13 12 14 GAZLAR 62","\u0130DEAL GAZLAR Test \/ 6 1.\t \u0130deal gazlar ile ilgili, 4.\t \u0130deal Gazlar \u0130deal piston \t I.\t Tanecikleri aras\u0131nda etkile\u015fimin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Gaz taneciklerinin kendi hacmi, kabul edilir. i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu kab\u0131n hacmine \t II.\t Tanecik hacmi, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu kab\u0131n hacmi yan\u0131nda ihmal edilir. CO2(g) k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Tanecikler aras\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bo\u015fluklar \t III.\t Havadaki azot ve oksijen gazlar\u0131 ideal gaza \u00f6rnektir. sebebi ile kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 faza g\u00f6re ta- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? necikler aras\u0131 etkile\u015fim \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. \u0130\u015flem kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \t \u015eekildeki kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir miktar kabule g\u00f6re, tanecik hacmi ve et- kile\u015fimi ihmal edilen gazlara ideal \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III daha CO2 gaz\u0131 ekleniyor. gaz denir. \t Buna g\u00f6re gaz\u0131n, \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 \t I.\t hacim Ger\u00e7ekte hi\u00e7bir gaz ideal de\u011fildir. \t II.\t P\u2006x\u2006V \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 Uygun ko\u015fullarda gazlar ideale \t III.\t yo\u011funluk yakla\u015f\u0131r. \t niceliklerinden hangileri de\u011fi\u015fmez? \u2022\tB\u00fcy\u00fck hacim \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u2022\tD\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u2022\tY\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k 2.\t P.V (atm L) \u2022\tD\u00fc\u015f\u00fck mol k\u00fctlesi 20,5 durumlar\u0131ndan gazlar ideale yak- la\u015f\u0131r. 12,3 \u0130deal Gaz denklemi n(mol) Boyle (P a I ), 0,3 0,5 V \t CH4 gaz\u0131n\u0131n P\u2006x\u2006V \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015fimi grafikte verilmi\u015ftir. 5.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7: 152 Torr Charles (V a T), \t Buna g\u00f6re, gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7 \u00b0C\u2019dir? \t A) 500\u2001 B) 400\u2001 C) 300\u2001 D) 227\u2001 E) 127 \t Hacim: 4480 cm3 Gay Lussac (P a T) ve \t Miktar: m gram Avogadro (V a n) \t S\u0131cakl\u0131k: 273 \u00b0C yasalar\u0131 birle\u015ftirilirse, PxVanxT \t Yukar\u0131da SO3 gaz\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 nicelikleri veril- oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. mi\u015ftir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, m\u2019nin de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? Bu orant\u0131 bir sabit (R) ile e\u015fitlik \t (SO3:80) haline getirilebilir. PxV=nxRxT \t A) 0,08\u2001 B) 0,16 \u2001 C) 0,24 \u2001 D) 0,8\u2001 E) 1,6 Bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u0130deal gaz sabiti (atm) (atm L mol-1 K-1) Hacim (L) 0,082 = 22,4 = 24,5 273 298 3.\t P\u00ba = 82 cmHg C\u0131va Mol say\u0131s\u0131 (mol) h = 13 cm Mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k (K) 10 gram 6.\t \u2022\t N2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n normal ko\u015fullardaki yo\u011funlu- He(g) \u011fu d1 g\/L\u2019dir. \t Dengede olan \u015fekildeki sistemde He gaz\u0131- n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 27\u00b0C\u2019dir. \t \u2022\t C4H8 gaz\u0131n\u0131n 0\u00b0C ve 2 atm\u2019deki yo\u011fun- lu\u011fu d2 g\/L\u2019dir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, gaz\u0131n kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hacim ka\u00e7 litredir? (He:4) \t Buna g\u00f6re, d1 oran\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? d2 \t A) 22,4\u2001 B) 24,5\u2001 C) 24,6\u2001 D) 44,8\u2001 E) 49,2 \t (H:1, C:12, N:14) \t A) 1\u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 1 \u2001 D) 1 \u2001 E) 1 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 2345 1.C 2.D 3.E 4.C 5.E 6.D 63 GAZLAR","\u0130DEAL GAZLAR Test \/ 6 \u0130deal gaz denklemi ile ancak ideal 7.\t \u2022\t 16,4 litrelik kapta 27\u00b0C\u2019de bulunan 2 mol 10.\t 2V, 2T(K) davran\u0131\u015f sergileyen yani tanecik- He gaz\u0131 P atm bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapmaktad\u0131r. V, T(K) n mol CH4(g) ler aras\u0131 etkile\u015fim i\u00e7ermeyen gaz- \t \u2022\t 4,48 litrelik kapta t\u00b0C\u2019de bulunan 0,4 mol n mol lar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinin tespit edilebi- Ne gaz\u0131 2P atm bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapmaktad\u0131r. CH4(g) lece\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130deal gaz denklemi sonucunda; \t Buna g\u00f6re, t\u2019nin de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? Victor - Meyer y\u00f6ntemiyle belir- li \u015fartlarda k\u00fctlesi bilinen gaz\u0131n, \t A) 0\u2001 B) 273\u2001 C) 546\u2001 D) 819\u2001 E) 873 1. kap 2. kap mol k\u00fctlesi; mol k\u00fctlesi bilinen gaz\u0131n ise k\u00fctlesi bulunabilir. \t Kaplardaki gazlar ile ilgili, Herhangi bir gaz\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \t I.\t 2. kaptaki gaz ideale daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r. (n); o gaz\u0131n k\u00fctlesinin, (m), mol \t II.\t 1. kapta tanecikler aras\u0131 etkile\u015fim daha k\u00fctlesine (MA), b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne e\u015fit ol- fazlad\u0131r. du\u011funu biliyoruz. \t III.\t 1. kaba n mol daha CH4 gaz\u0131 eklenirse m m Yani, n = MA dir. Buradaki MA kaplardaki gaz bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 e\u015fitlenir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? e\u015fitli\u011fini ideal gaz denkleminde 8.\t P\u00ba = 76 cmHg 8 gram \u201cn\u201d yerine koyal\u0131m. m \u0130deal piston MA P.V = n.R.T \u2192 P.V = . R.T olur. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III Bu ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 kullan\u0131larak belirli ko- C3Hx(g) \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u015fullarda k\u00fctlesi bilinen gaz\u0131n mol 0\u00baC k\u00fctlesi rahatl\u0131kla hesaplanabilir. Gazlarda Yo\u011funluk \t \u015eekildeki sistemde gaz hacmi 4,48 litre 11.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri verilen gazlar- oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, Gazlar\u0131n \u00f6zk\u00fctlesi s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ba- dan hangisi di\u011ferlerine k\u0131yasla ideale s\u0131nca ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \t I.\t x = 4\u2019t\u00fcr. daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r? Yukar\u0131da verilen, \t II.\t Piston \u00fczerine m k\u00fctleli cisim konursa gaz ideale yakla\u015f\u0131r. P.V = m . R.T denkleminde \t Gaz Hacim (L) S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C) MA \t III.\t Gaz oda ko\u015fullar\u0131na getirilirse ideale yakla\u015f\u0131r. \t A)\t He\t 20\t 50 MA ile V\u2019nin yeri de\u011fi\u015ftirilirse, \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t B)\t CH4\t 10\t 50 m \t (H:1, C:12) \t C)\t He\t 20\t 30 V P.MA = . R.T denklemine ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t D)\t SO2\t 10\t 50 \t E)\t CH4\t 20\t 30 m\/MA de\u011feri yerine yo\u011funluk ifa- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 desi olan d yaz\u0131l\u0131rsa, 9.\t SO2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n I \u00f6zelli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ideale 12.\t P x V = n x R x T P.MA = d.R.T yakla\u015f\u0131rken II \u00f6zelli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ideal- \t \u0130deal gaz denklemi olarak bilinir. denklemine ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla den uzakla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. ayn\u0131 ortamda bulunan e\u015fit s\u0131cak- \t Bu denkleme g\u00f6re, di\u011fer t\u00fcm nicelikler l\u0131ktaki gazlar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu mol \t Buna g\u00f6re, I ve II \u00f6zellikleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- sabit kalmak kayd\u0131yla, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. lerden hangisi olabilir? \t I.\t hacim (V) Bir gaz\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu sabit hacim- \t\t I II li kapta madde miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 \t II.\t mol say\u0131s\u0131 (n) olarak de\u011fi\u015firken; sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kaplarda gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ters \t III.\t mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k (T) orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Pistonlu bir kapta bulunan gaza daha d\u00fc- \t niceliklerinden hangilerinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u015f\u00fck mol k\u00fctlesine sahip gaz ilave iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 (P) edilirse yo\u011funluk d\u00fc\u015ferken, daha da iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r? b\u00fcy\u00fck mol k\u00fctlesine sahip gaz ila- vesiyle yo\u011funluk artar. \t A)\t Hacim\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 \t B)\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7\t Hacim \t C)\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k\t Hacim \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t D)\t Hacim\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t E)\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 GAZLAR 64 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.D","K\u0130NET\u0130K TEOR\u0130 Test \/ 7 1.\t I.\t Esnek \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma 4.\t Tanecik y\u00fczdesi Gazlar\u0131n Kinetik Teorisi \t II.\t Brown hareketi X Gazlar\u0131n enerjisel \u00f6zelliklerini a\u00e7\u0131k- layan teoriye kinetik teori ad\u0131 ve- \t III.\t Tanecik hacmi ihmali Y rilir. Z \t Yukar\u0131daki terimlerden hangileri, gaz H\u0131z Bu teoriye g\u00f6re;; taneciklerinin hareketleri ve birbirleri ile olan etkile\u015fimleri a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in kul- \t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki X, Y, Z gazlar\u0131n\u0131n tanecik \u2022\tGaz tanecikleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7e- lan\u0131lan kinetik teoride yer al\u0131r? y\u00fczdesi - h\u0131z grafi\u011fi yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. kim kuvveti \u00e7ok zay\u0131ft\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t Buna g\u00f6re, gazlar\u0131n mol k\u00fctlesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131- \u2022\tGaz tanecikleri aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck dakilerin hangisinde do\u011fru olarak k\u0131- bo\u015fluklar bulunur. Bu nedenle \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 yaslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? gaz taneciklerinin \u00f6z hacimleri, bulunduklar\u0131 kab\u0131n hacmi ya- 2.\t Gaz S\u0131cakl\u0131k (K) Ortalama h\u0131z (m s-1) \t A) X = Y = Z\u2001 B) X > Y > Z\u2001 C) X > Z > Y n\u0131nda ihmal edilir. \t\u2001 D) Z > X > Y\u2001 E) Z > Y > X\u2001 \t H2\t 2T\t 200 \u2022\tGaz tanecikleri Brown Hareketi 5.\t I.\t Tanecik hacmi yapar. Yani her y\u00f6ne do\u011fru rast- \t CH4\t T\t J gele, \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ve do\u011frusal hare- \t II.\t Tanecik k\u00fctlesi ket yapar. \t H2 ve CH4 gazlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ortalama \t III.\t Taneciklerin itme ve \u00e7ekme kuvveti h\u0131z de\u011ferleri yukar\u0131daki tabloda verilmi\u015ftir. \u2022\tBu rastgele hareketleri s\u0131ras\u0131n- da, gaz molek\u00fclleri birbirleriyle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda enerji aktar\u0131m\u0131 ile kinetik enerjileri, h\u0131zlar\u0131 ve y\u00f6nleri s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fir ancak ta- neciklerin toplam enerjisi de\u011fi\u015f- mez. \u2022\tGaz molek\u00fcllerinin ortalama kine- tik enerjisi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla h\u0131z\u0131 mut- lak s\u0131cakl\u0131kla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 T1 \t Buna g\u00f6re, J nin de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t Kinetik teoride gazlara ait yukar\u0131da veri- T2 T3 > T2 > T1 \t (H:1, C:12) len niceliklerden hangileri ihmal edilir? T3 \t A) 50\u2001 B) 100\u2001 C) 150\u2001 D) 200\u2001 E) 400 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Tanecik h\u0131z\u0131 (m.s\u22121) \t Yukar\u0131daki grafikte bir gaz t\u00fcr\u00fc- n\u00fcn s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, 3.\t 6.\t T(K) \t T3 > T2 > T1 T(K) \t \u015feklinde olan \u00f6rnekleri i\u00e7in orta- He(g) X(g) SO2(g) lama tanecik h\u0131zlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Y(g) ili\u015fki de, 12345678 \t \u015eekildeki sistem vakum ortam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Mus- \t V3 > V2 > V1 luk sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan 2 saniye son- OABCDE F \u015feklinde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. ra He(g) tanecikleri 8. noktaya ula\u015f\u0131yor. \t Buna g\u00f6re, musluk a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan ka\u00e7 sani- \t \u015eekildeki sistemde musluklar ayn\u0131 anda \u2022\tAyn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki t\u00fcm gaz mole- ye sonra SO2(g) tanecikleri 6. noktaya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda X(g) ve Y(g) tanecikleri B nokta- k\u00fcllerinin ortalama kinetik ener- ula\u015f\u0131r? (He:4, O:16, S:32, Aral\u0131klar e\u015fit s\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor. jisi ayn\u0131d\u0131r. b\u00f6lmelendirilmi\u015ftir.) \t \t A) 6\u2001 B) 5\u2001 C) 4\u2001 D) 3\u2001 E) 1,5 \t Buna g\u00f6re, X ve Y gazlar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 ko\u015ful- 1.E 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D lardaki yo\u011funluklar\u0131 oran\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da- kilerin hangisinde do\u011fru olarak veril- mi\u015ftir? (Aral\u0131klar e\u015fit b\u00f6lmelendirilmi\u015ftir.) \t A) 1 \u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 2\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 16 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 42 65 GAZLAR","K\u0130NET\u0130K TEOR\u0130 Test \/ 7 Dif\u00fczyon 7.\t n mol 9.\t Gaz taneciklerinin bir ortamdan He(g) He(g) ba\u015fka bir ortama yay\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. 2n mol \t \u015eekildeki kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta CH4 gaz\u0131 Ef\u00fczyon CH4(g) eklenerek birim zamanda birim y\u00fczeye \u00e7arpan tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. Gaz taneciklerinin vakum ortam\u0131- \t \u015eekildeki sistem ile ilgili, na do\u011fru yay\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re, yap\u0131lan etki ile kaptaki gaz \t I.\t CH4 gaz\u0131 k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131, He gaz\u0131 k\u0131smi yo\u011funlu\u011fu ka\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Gaz taneciklerinin dif\u00fczyon ve bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan fazlad\u0131r. ef\u00fczyon hareketine ait ortalama \t (H:1, He:4, C:12) h\u0131zlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi elde edilebilir. \t II.\t Birim zamanda birim y\u00fczeye \u00e7arpan \t A) 9\u2001 B) 7\u2001 C) 5\u2001 D) 3\u2001 E) 2 tanecik say\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fittir. EK = 3 xkxT 2 \t III.\t Musluk k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131ld\u0131- \u011f\u0131nda kaptan x mol He gaz\u0131 ayr\u0131l\u0131yorsa (k : Boltzman sabiti) CH4 gaz\u0131ndan 2x mol ayr\u0131l\u0131r. EK = 1 x m x \u03d12 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? 2 \t (H:1, He:4, C:12) Bu iki ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 e\u015fitlenip h\u0131z (J) yaln\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u03d1= 3\u2006x\u2006kT mA \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 elde edilir. Buna g\u00f6re, gaz taneciklerinin orta- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 lama h\u0131z\u0131, 10.\t A B \u2022\tMutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n karek\u00f6k\u00fc ile \t \u015eekildeki cam borunun A ucundan T(K) do\u011fru s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda HF(g) B ucundan 4T(K) s\u0131cak- l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda SO3(g) ayn\u0131 anda g\u00f6nderiliyor. \u2022\tMol k\u00fctlesinin karek\u00f6k\u00fc ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \t Gazlar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fana kadar HF molek\u00fclle- ri 17,5 cm yol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, cam boru- \u0130ki farkl\u0131 durum i\u00e7in h\u0131z k\u0131yas\u0131 a\u015fa- nun uzunlu\u011fu ka\u00e7 cm\u2019dir? \u011f\u0131daki e\u015fitlikle yap\u0131labilir. \t (H:1, O:16, F:19, S:32) \u03d1A = MB\u2006x\u2006TA = dB = tB \u03d1B MA\u2006x\u2006TB dA tA \t A) 34\u2001 B) 35\u2001 C) 35,5\u2001 D) 36\u2001 E) 52,5 8.\t Tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 T1 S\u00fcre T2 Ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullardaki yo\u011funluk Kapal\u0131 bir kaptaki gaz tanecikleri- nin birim zamanda birim y\u00fczeye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131m say\u0131s\u0131 (\u00c7.S), \u00c7\u200a.\u200a\u200aS\u200a \u200a.\u200a\u200a\u200a\u03b1 T x\u2006n Dif\u00fczyon 11.\t MA\u2006x\u2006V h\u0131z\u0131 He(g) ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ile k\u0131yaslanabilir. \t He gaz\u0131 taneciklerinin T1 ve T2 s\u0131cakl\u0131kla- CH4(g) r\u0131ndaki dif\u00fczyon h\u0131z\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t I.\t T2 > T1\u2019dir. \t \u015eekildeki kap vakum ortam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kapta- \t II.\t T2 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda taneciklerin ortalama ki gazlar\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 e\u015fit ve toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 4 atm\u2019dir. Musluk sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dif\u00fczyon h\u0131z\u0131, T1 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndakinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda He(g) fazlad\u0131r. k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 0,8 atm oluyor. \t III.\t T1 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda baz\u0131 taneciklerin dif\u00fcz- yon h\u0131z\u0131, T2 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 tane- \t Buna g\u00f6re, son durumda kaptaki top- ciklerin dif\u00fczyon h\u0131z\u0131ndan fazlad\u0131r. lam gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 atm olur? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t (H:1, He:4, C:12) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) 1,8\u2001 B) 2,0\u2001 C) 2,2\u2001 D) 2,4\u2001 E) 2,6 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 7.B 8.E 9.A 10.B 11.C GAZLAR 66","DALTON YASASI Test \/ 8 1.\t 4.\t Dalton Yasas\u0131 \u0130deal piston m gram CH4(g) K\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar yasas\u0131 olarak da 2m gram SO2(g) bilinen bu yasaya g\u00f6re hacmi ve \t \u015eekildeki kapta toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 P atm dir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, CH4 gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 CO(g) s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 olan (ayn\u0131 kapta ka\u00e7 atm dir? (H:1, C:12, O:16, S:32) olan) gazlar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131, mol say\u0131s\u0131 \t A) 2P\u2001 B) 3P\u2001 C) P \u2001 D) P \u2001 E) P ile doru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. 34324 V, T \t \u015eekildeki kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta NO gaz\u0131 ek- n1 leniyor. P1 \t Bu olay s\u0131ras\u0131nda CO ve NO gazlar\u0131n\u0131n V, T k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da- kilerden hangisinde do\u011fru olarak veril- mi\u015ftir? 2.\t P\u00ba = 1 atm \t A) PCO \t B) PCO \u0130deal piston n2 P2 He(g) CH4(g) PNO PNO \t \t \u015eekildeki kapta bulunan gazlar\u0131n k\u00fctleleri \t C) PCO D) PCO V, T sabit iken; birbirine e\u015fittir. P1 = P2 ya da P1 = n1 dir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, He gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 n1 n2 P2 n2 ka\u00e7 atm dir? (H:1, He:4, C:12) Bir gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda, gaz\u0131n kapta \t A) 0,1\u2001 B) 0,2\u2001 C) 0,4\u2001 D) 0,5\u2001 E) 0,8 PNO PNO tek ba\u015f\u0131na meydana getirdi\u011fi ba- \t E) PCO s\u0131nca k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7 denir. nA mol A(g) nB mol B(g) 3.\t PNO 4 gram H2(g) PA = PB = PT m gram CH4(g) nA nB nT \t \u015eekildeki kapta bulunan gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile PA = nA x PT ilgili, nT \t \u2022\t Toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 P atm\u2019dir. 5.\t Havan\u0131n sadece N2 ve O2 gazlar\u0131ndan A(g) k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 \t \u2022\t CH4\u2019\u00fcn mol kesri 0,6\u2019d\u0131r. olu\u015ftu\u011fu ve O2 nin mol kesrinin 0,2 ol- PA = XA x PT \t bilgileri veriliyor. du\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t I.\t Deniz seviyesinde O2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 152 mmHg\u2019dir. 2P Mol kesri 5 \t I.\t H2\u2019nin k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 atm\u2019dir. \t II.\t Normal ko\u015fullarda havan\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu nB \t II.\t m\u2019nin de\u011feri 48\u2019dir. 28 ile 32 g L-1 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. nT PB = x PT \t III.\t Musluk k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131l\u0131rsa \t III.\t Normal ko\u015fullarda 112 litre havada 32 CH4 gaz\u0131n\u0131n mol kesri artar. gram O2 gaz\u0131 vard\u0131r. B(g) k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t (H:1, C:12) \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? PB = XB x PT \t (N:14, O:16) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 1.A 2.E 3.E 4.A 5.B 67 GAZLAR","DALTON YASASI Test \/ 8 Soru: 6.\t P (atm) 9.\t P\u00ba = 1 atm E\u015fit k\u00fctlede He, CH4 ve O2 gaz- 2P CH4(g) \u0130deal piston lar\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n toplam CO2(g) bas\u0131nc\u0131 6,6 atm dir. P CO(g) Buna g\u00f6re kapta bulunan He \t \u015eekildeki kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta He gaz\u0131 eklenerek gaz yo\u011funlu\u011funun ba\u015flang\u0131ca gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 atm k\u0131yasla yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmesi sa\u011flan\u0131yor. dir?(He:4, CH4:16, O2:32) n(mol) \t Buna g\u00f6re, son durumda He(g) k\u0131smi ba- A)0,3\t B)0,6\t C)2,2\t 0,2 0,4 s\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 atm olur? (He:4, C:12, O:16) D)4,4\t E)4,8 \t Sabit hacimli bir kaptaki CH4 ve CO gaz- \t A) 0,75\u2001 B) 0,7\u2001 C) 0,65\u2001 D) 0,6\u2001 E) 0,55 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: lar\u0131n\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131 - bas\u0131n\u00e7 grafi\u011fi yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. Kapta e\u015fit k\u00fctlede He, CH4 ve O2 \t Buna g\u00f6re, kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ka\u00e7 bulundu\u011fundan mol say\u0131lar\u0131 ara- \t mol He gaz\u0131 eklenirse kaptaki toplam s\u0131ndaki oran: bas\u0131n\u00e7 5P atm olur? n=m\/Ma A) 0,5\u2001 B) 0,4\u2001 C) 0,3\u2001 D) 0,2\u2001 E) 0,1 nHe=m\/4 8k nnOC2H=4m=m\/3\/216 2k k Toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 toplam mol say\u0131- 10.\t 2V, T(K) s\u0131yla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. 7.\t Atom say\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fit olan CO ve SO2 gazlar\u0131 3 atm V, T(K) sabit hacimli kaba doldurulmu\u015ftur. Kaptaki He(g) Toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 = 11k = 6,6 oldu- gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 P atm\u2019dir. Kaba sabit s\u0131cak- 6 atm \u011fundan CO(g) k=0,6 l\u0131kta toplam atom say\u0131s\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kana 8k=4,8 atm olur. kadar SO3 gaz\u0131 ekleniyor. Cevap:E \t Buna g\u00f6re, son durumda kaptaki top- \t \u015eekildeki sistemde sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta musluk lam bas\u0131n\u00e7 ka\u00e7 atm olur? a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p gazlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131yor. Bile\u015fik kaplar \t A) 8P \u2001 B) 7P \u2001 C) 6P \u2001 D) 4P \u2001 E) 3P \u2001 \t Buna g\u00f6re, son durumda He(g) k\u0131smi 5 6 5 3 2 bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 atm olur? P1 , V1 P2 , V2 P3 , V3 \t A) 2,5\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 1,5\u2001 D) 1\u2001 E) 0,5 Tepkime vermeyen gazlar sabit s\u0131- 8.\t PHe cakl\u0131kta kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gazlar\u0131n toplam mol say\u0131s\u0131 son durumdaki 11.\t Po = 70 cmHg mol say\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fit olur. Yani mol sa- y\u0131lar\u0131 toplanabilir. 3V He(g) nson = n1 + n2 + n3 \t PN2 \u0130deal piston \t T(K) PS .\u2006VS = P1 .\u2006V1 + P2 .\u2006V2 + P3 .\u2006V3 Yukar\u0131da verilen grafik, 2V R\u2006.\u2006T R\u2006.\u2006T R\u2006.\u2006T R\u2006.\u2006T I.\t Sabit hacimli kaptaki He gaz\u0131na sabit 35 cmHg Bu ifadede s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve R de\u011fer- \t s\u0131cakl\u0131kta N2 gaz\u0131 ekleme H2(g) leri ayn\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, kaptaki son \t bas\u0131n\u00e7, II.\t Sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kaptaki He gaz\u0131na sabit \t \u015eekildeki kapta bulunan gazlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta N2 gaz\u0131 ekleme e\u015fittir. Pson\u2006.\u2006Vson = P1\u2006.\u2006V1 + P2\u2006.\u2006V2 + P3\u2006.\u2006V3 \t e\u015fitli\u011fi ile bulunur. III.\t N2 ve He gaz\u0131 ile dolu sabit hacimli \t Kaplar aras\u0131ndaki musluk a\u00e7\u0131larak gazla- kaptan sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta He gaz\u0131 \u00e7ekme r\u0131n sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131yor. verilen olaylardan hangilerine ait olabi- \t Buna g\u00f6re, son durumda H2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n lir? k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 cmHg olur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t A) 15\u2001 B) 17,5\u2001 C) 25\u2001 D) 35\u2001 E)\u2001 52,5 GAZLAR 68 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.E 10.B 11.B","SIVILARIN \u00dcZER\u0130NDE GAZ B\u0130R\u0130KMES\u0130 Test \/ 9 1.\t 5V 3.\t Saf su dolu kaba ters olarak dald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Gazlar\u0131n su \u00fcst\u00fcnde toplanmas\u0131 CO(g) 4V cam t\u00fcpte X(g) \u015fekildeki gibi t\u00b0C\u2019de s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131- Kapal\u0131 bir kapta olu\u015fan buhar mo- H2O(b) 3V r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2V lek\u00fcllerinin hareketlerinden kay- naklanan bas\u0131nca buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 X(g) denir. H2O(s) V H2O(b) \t \u015eekildeki sistem t\u00b0C\u2019de dengede iken CO h cm H2O(b) gaz\u0131 k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 40 cmHg, H2O s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 10 cmHg\u2019dir. \t H2O(s) \t Kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su eklenerek CO \t Buna g\u00f6re, X gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 gaz\u0131 k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 80 cmHg\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. hesaplamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden han- \t Buna g\u00f6re, gisini bilmeye gerek yoktur? S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131, \t I.\t Kaba 2V hacminde saf su eklenmi\u015ftir. \t A)\t h y\u00fcksekli\u011fi \u2022\tBirim hacimdeki buhar molek\u00fcl\u00fc \t II.\t H2O s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 20 cmHg say\u0131s\u0131 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. olmu\u015ftur. \t B)\t H2O s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n t\u00b0C\u2019deki buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u2022\tS\u0131v\u0131da tanecikler aras\u0131 etkile\u015fim \t III.\t Birim hacimdeki H2O(b) miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015f- ve yo\u011funlu\u011fu ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. memi\u015ftir. \t C)\t t\u00b0C\u2019de Hg(s)\u2019nin yo\u011funlu\u011fu \u2022\tS\u0131v\u0131da u\u00e7ucu olmayan kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur?\t (Yo\u011fu\u015fmadan kaynaklanan s\u0131v\u0131 hacmin- z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde de\u011feri azal\u0131r. deki de\u011fi\u015fim ve CO gaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ihmal edilecek.) \t D)\t Ortam bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u2022\tS\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131na, s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde \t E)\t X gaz\u0131n\u0131n hacmi bulundu\u011fu kab\u0131n hacmine, ortam bas\u0131nc\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131l de\u011fildir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III 4.\t Sabit hacimli kaptaki bir miktar suyun \u00fczerin- Hareketli piston H2O(b) \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 de suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen X gaz\u0131 toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rma \t II.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su ekleme 2.\t 1 \t III.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta X gaz\u0131 ekleme X(g) \t Buna g\u00f6re, sisteme yap\u0131lan yukar\u0131daki H2O(s) etkilerden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na X gaz\u0131- n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131rken suyun bu- Yukar\u0131daki sistemde bulunan pis- har bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez? ton sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 itilirse X gaz\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na ra\u011f- H2O(b) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III men suyun buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011fi\u015f- NO(g) mez. Ayn\u0131 mant\u0131kla piston yukar\u0131 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00e7ekilirse X gaz\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 azal- H2O(s) mas\u0131na ra\u011fmen suyun buhar ba- 2 s\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmez. 5.\t Bir kimyasal tepkimede olu\u015fan gazlar\u0131n su \u00fczerinde toplanabilmesi i\u00e7in su ile tepkime Not: \t t\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de dengede olan yukar\u0131daki siste- me yap\u0131lan, vermemesi ya da suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ih- S\u0131v\u0131 buhar dengesinde hacim art- t\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 miktar\u0131 azal\u0131r, buhar \t I.\t 1 nolu musluktan t\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de saf su ekleme mal edilir d\u00fczeyde olmas\u0131 gerekir. miktar\u0131 artar fakat birim hacim- \t II.\t 2 nolu musluktan sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir \t I.\t CaCO3(k) \u2192 CaO(k) + CO2(g) deki buhar molek\u00fcl say\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015f- miktar su bo\u015faltma \t II.\t Na2SO4(k) \u2192 Na2O(k) + SO3(g) mez. Bundan dolay\u0131 buhar bas\u0131n- c\u0131 sabit kal\u0131r. \t III.\t 1 nolu musluktan sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta NO gaz\u0131 ekleme \t III.\t NH4CI(k) \u2192 NH3(g) + HCI(g) \t etkilerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na suyun \t Buna g\u00f6re, yukar\u0131daki tepkimelerden buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez? (NO gaz\u0131 hangilerinde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan gaz ya da gaz- suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez.) lar su \u00fczerinde toplamak i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 1.C 2.E 3.E 4.D 5.E 69 GAZLAR","SIVILARIN \u00dcZER\u0130NDE GAZ B\u0130R\u0130KMES\u0130 Test \/ 9 6.\t P\u00ba = P \u0130deal piston 9.\t Soru: Ne(g) \u0130deal piston H2O(b) H2O(b) D\u0131\u015f bas\u0131nc\u0131n 1 atm , suyun buhar Ne(g) bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n 10 cm Hg oldu\u011fu bir or- tamda bulunan , H2O(s) Ne(g) \u0130deal \t H2O(s) \t \u015eekildeki sisteme yap\u0131lan, H2O(b) piston \t \u015eekildeki sistemin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta piston \u00fczerine m k\u00fctleli I.\t Ne gaz\u0131 k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131, cisim koyma H2O(s) \t II.\t H2O(s) buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131, \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rma \t III.\t H2O(s) miktar\u0131 yukar\u0131daki kap gaz hacmi yar\u0131ya \t niceliklerinden hangileri artar? \t etkileri, Ne gaz\u0131 k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n H2O inecek \u015fekilde sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta s\u0131- s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131na oran\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III de\u011fi\u015ftirir? (Ne gaz\u0131 suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez.) Buna g\u00f6re, kaptaki son bas\u0131n\u00e7 ka\u00e7 cmHg olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir? \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\t I\t II Azalt\u0131r 7.\t \t A)\t Art\u0131r\u0131r\t Art\u0131r\u0131r De\u011fi\u015ftirmez \t B)\t Art\u0131r\u0131r\t Art\u0131r\u0131r De\u011fi\u015ftirmez \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: H2O(b) \t C)\t Art\u0131r\u0131r\t He(g) D\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7 76 cm Hg, suyun buhar \t D)\t Azalt\u0131r\t bas\u0131nc\u0131 10 cmHg oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re Ne H2O(s) gaz\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 66 cmHg dir. \t E)\t Azalt\u0131r\t \u015eekildeki sistemde sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta pis- Kab\u0131n hacmi yar\u0131ya indi\u011finde Boyle \t ton itilerek gaz-buhar faz\u0131n hacmi %75 yasas\u0131 uyar\u0131nca \t azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gaz-buhar faz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 80 mmHg\u2019den 260 mmHg\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. P1.V1=P2.V2 V1 Buna g\u00f6re, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta He gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s- 2 mi bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 mmHg\u2019dir? (He gaz\u0131 suda 66\u2006.\u2006V1 = P2\u2006.\u2006 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez.) P2= 132 cmHg Suyun buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015f- 10.\t m k\u00fctleli cisim medi\u011fine g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 kalaca\u011f\u0131ndan sistemin son bas\u0131nc\u0131 He(g) H2O(b) P = 132 + 10 = 142 cmHg \u0130deal piston Dalton\u2019\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar yasas\u0131, \t A) 60\u2001 B) 50\u2001 C) 40\u2001 D) 30\u2001 E) 20 su \u00fczerinde toplanan ve su ile tep- 8.\t kime vermeyen gazlar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n \u0130deal piston hesaplanmas\u0131nda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Uy- H2O(b) gun bir d\u00fczenek ile su \u00fczerinde elde He(g) H2O(s) edilen gaz\u0131n miktar\u0131 bu y\u00f6ntemle H2O(s) belirlenebilir. B A\t \u015eekildeki sistem dengede iken sabit s\u0131cak- \t \u015eekildeki sistem ile ilgili, Kat\u0131 l\u0131kta piston itilerek gaz - buhar faz\u0131n hacmi yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \t I.\t He gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile H2O s\u0131v\u0131- Is\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 \t s\u0131n\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 toplam\u0131 ortam ba- Buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan etki, s\u0131nc\u0131ndan fazlad\u0131r. Cam t\u00fcpte toplanan gaz ile birlik- \t te su buhar\u0131 da bulunur. Bu neden- \t I.\t He gaz\u0131 k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 \t II.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta musluk a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p yeteri le \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclecek toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7, \t kadar beklenirse piston muslu\u011fun al- \t II.\t H2O s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 miktar\u0131 t\u0131ndaki bir noktada yeniden dengeye PToplam = PBuhar + Pgaz III.\t H2O(s) buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 gelir. niceliklerinden hangilerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmez? \u015feklinde bulunur. (He gaz\u0131 suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez.) \t III.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta musluk a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p yeteri ka- dar beklenirse He gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 de\u011ferine gelir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 GAZLAR 70 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.E","GER\u00c7EK GAZLAR Test \/ 10 1.\t Gaz S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C) 4.\t P\u2006x\u2006V Ger\u00e7ek Gazlar \t I.\t CO2\t\t 40 R\u2006x\u2006T T1 Gazlar\u0131n hareketleri ve \u00f6zellikleri- n T2 ni a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in t\u00fcretilen kinetik \t II.\t CO2\t\t 30 teori gaz taneciklerinin hacmini ve birbirleriyle olan etkile\u015fimlerini \t III.\t SO2\t\t 30 ihmal eder. Yani gazlar\u0131 ideal ka- bul ederek birtak\u0131m varsay\u0131mlar \t \u00d6zde\u015f kaplarda e\u015fit mol say\u0131s\u0131nda bu- P ortaya atar. lunan yukar\u0131da s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilen ger- \u00e7ek gazlar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerin han- \t n mol CO gaz\u0131n\u0131n T1 ve T2 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131- Oysaki ger\u00e7ekte gaz tanecikleri gisinde do\u011fru olarak k\u0131yaslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? belirli bir hacme ve etkile\u015fimlere k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilirlik fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn P\u2006x\u2006V bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile sahiptir. Bu hacim ve etkile\u015fim R\u2006x\u2006T de\u011ferlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak gazlar de\u011fi\u015fimi verilmi\u015ftir. ideal davran\u0131\u015ftan uzakla\u015f\u0131r. \t A) I > II = III\u2001 B) I > II > III\u2001 C) I > III > II \t\u2001 D) II = III > I\u2001 E) II > III > I\u2001 \t Buna g\u00f6re, Ger\u00e7ek gazlar\u0131n tanecik hacmi ih- mal edilemeyece\u011fi i\u00e7in hacimleri, \t I.\t T2 > T1\u2019dir. ideal gaz denkleminden hesapla- \t II.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 artt\u0131k\u00e7a gaz ideale yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. nan de\u011ferden daha fazla olur. 2.\t \u2022\t Ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda C2H6 gaz\u0131, ....I... gaz\u0131na \t III.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 gaz\u0131 ideale yakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sapma miktar\u0131 genellikle \u00f6z haci- me g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fse de tanecikler ara- k\u0131yasla ideale daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? s\u0131 etkile\u015fimden de etkilenir. \t \u2022\t Ger\u00e7ek gazlar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131, ideal gaz denk- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III Ger\u00e7ek gazlar\u0131n hacimlerinde \u00f6z leminden hesaplanan de\u011ferden daha hacim \u00f6nemlidir. Bu nedenle ideal ....I.I... \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 gaza g\u00f6re hacimleri daha b\u00fcy\u00fck- t\u00fcr. \t Yukar\u0131daki metinlerde numaralarla be- 5.\t I.\t Tanecik etkile\u015fimi olmayan lirtilen bo\u015fluklara a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden han- Pistonlu bir kapta bulunan ger- gisi getirilmelidir? \t II.\t S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilirlik fakt\u00f6r\u00fc mol say\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7ek gaz\u0131n hacmi azalt\u0131l\u0131rsa hem e\u015fit olan taneciklerin hacminin etkisi hem I II de etkile\u015fim miktar\u0131 artaca\u011f\u0131ndan azd\u0131r \t III.\t Normal ko\u015fullarda deri\u015fimi 1\/(22,4) ger\u00e7ek gaz karakteri artar.Yani \t A)\t CH4\t\t fazlad\u0131r mol L-1 olan gazlar\u0131n tanecik hacminin kap \t B)\t CH4\t\t azd\u0131r hacmine oran\u0131 ve tanecikler aras\u0131 \t C)\t C3H8\t\t fazlad\u0131r \t Gazlara ait yukar\u0131da verilen \u00f6zellikler- etkile\u015fim miktar\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ek gaz \t D)\t C3H8\t\t azd\u0131r den hangileri ideal gazlara aittir? karakteri do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \t E)\t H2\t\t \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III Apolar molek\u00fcller ve tanecikler \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, CH4, C2H6, CO2, CS2, BH3, BF3, CCI4, BeH2) 3.\t P(atm) 6.\t polar molek\u00fcllere (HF, HCI, HBr, 16 2 10V HI, H2O, H2S, SO2, NH3, PH3, NO2, CH3CI, CH3OH, C2H5OH ...) k\u0131yasla He(g) ideale daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r. 21 Ger\u00e7ek gazlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen bas\u0131nc\u0131 ideal gaz denkleminde hesapla- V(L) \t \u015eekildeki sistemde gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 P atm\u2019dir. nan de\u011fere g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. 1 10 Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta gaz hacmi V olana kadar piston itiliyor. Ger\u00e7ek gazlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen hacmi ide- \t n mol H2S gaz\u0131n\u0131n t\u00b0C de bas\u0131n\u00e7 (P) - ha- al gaz denkleminde hesaplanan cim (V) de\u011fi\u015fimi grafikte verilmi\u015ftir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, de\u011fere g\u00f6re y\u00fcksektir. \t Buna g\u00f6re H2S gaz\u0131 ile ilgili, \t I.\t Gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu ba\u015flang\u0131ca k\u0131yasla 10 \t I.\t Yap\u0131lan etki ile ideale yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. \t II.\t 2. durumda tanecikler aras\u0131ndaki etki- \t II.\t He gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 10P atm oluyorsa gaz le\u015fim 1. duruma k\u0131yasla daha fazlad\u0131r. ideal gibi davranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t III.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131l\u0131rsa ideale yakla\u015f\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t III.\t He gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 9P atm oluyorsa He gaz\u0131 ideale yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.E 6.B 71 GAZLAR","GER\u00c7EK GAZLAR Test \/ 10 \u0130deal gaz denklemi 1 mol gaz i\u00e7in 7.\t P\u2006x\u2006V 9.\t d\u00fczenlenirse, R\u2006x\u2006T \u0130deal piston PxV =1 n X RxT Y He(g) CO(g) e\u015fitli\u011fi elde edilir. PxV P \t \u015eekildeki sistemde He ve CO ger\u00e7ek gaz- R x T oran\u0131na lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 e\u015fittir. s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilirlik fakt\u00f6r\u00fc denir. \t Buna g\u00f6re gazlar ile ilgili, \t I.\t Mol say\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki nCO > nHe dir. Bu oran 1 mol gaz i\u00e7in 1\u2019e e\u015fitse gaz \t X ve Y gazlar\u0131n\u0131n n mol\u00fc i\u00e7in P x V \u2012 P \t II.\t Piston \u00fczerine m k\u00fctleli cisim konursa idealdir. 1\u2019e ne kadar yak\u0131nsa gaz RxT ideale o kadar yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 ga- grafi\u011fi yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta gazlar ideale yakla\u015f\u0131r. z\u0131n farkl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafik yorumlan\u0131rsa, \t Buna g\u00f6re, X ve Y gazlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da veri- \t III.\t S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilirlik fakt\u00f6rleri e\u015fittir. lenlerden hangisi olamaz? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? P\u2006.\u2006V \t\t X \t Y R\u2006.\u2006T \t A)\t CH4\t H2 \t B)\t C2H6\t CH4 T1 T2 T3 \t C)\t SO2\t CO2 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III 1 \t D)\t CO2\t CO \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u0130deal gazlar P \t E)\t H2O\t H2S 10.\t P = 1,5 atm\t\t n = 0,2 mol T = 273 \u00b0C \u0130deale yak\u0131n T3 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in s\u0131cakl\u0131k \t V = 4,48 L\t\t k\u0131yas\u0131, T3 > T2 > T1 \t Yukar\u0131da baz\u0131 nicelikleri verilen NO2 ga- \u015feklindedir. z\u0131yla ilgili, Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki farkl\u0131 gazlar i\u00e7in \t I.\t Ger\u00e7ek gazd\u0131r. a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafik yorumlan\u0131rsa, \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 0 \u00b0C olsayd\u0131 daha ideal olurdu. \t III.\t Bas\u0131nc\u0131 3 atm olursa hacmi 2,24L olur. P\u2006.\u2006V \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? R\u2006.\u2006T X \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III Y Z \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 1 8.\t V, T V, T \u0130deal gazlar P n mol n mol 11.\t 5,6L, 0\u00baC \u0130deale yak\u0131n Z gaz\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ta- X(g) Y(g) necikler aras\u0131 etkile\u015fim k\u0131yas\u0131 1 mol X > Y > Z \u015feklindedir. 1. kap 2. kap X(g) \t \u015eekildeki sistemlerde Y gaz\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131, X \t \u015eekildeki kapta bulunan gaz ile ilgili, gaz\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan daha fazlad\u0131r. \t I.\t \u0130deal ise bas\u0131nc\u0131 4 atm\u2019dir. \t \t II.\t X\u2019in SO2 oldu\u011fu durumdaki bas\u0131n\u00e7, CO2 Buna g\u00f6re, X ve Y gaz\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi olamaz? oldu\u011fu durumdakinden daha azd\u0131r. \t III.\t T\u00fcr\u00fc ne olursa olsun ger\u00e7ekte bas\u0131n\u00e7 4 \t\t X\t Y 2He atm olamaz. \t A)\t 10Ne\t CH4 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? SO2 \t B)\t C2H6\t H2 HCI \t C)\t CO2\t \t D)\t N2\t \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t E)\t HF\t \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 GAZLAR 72 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.A 11.E","FAZ D\u0130YAGRAMLARI VE JOULE-THOMSON OLAYI Test \/ 11 1.\t P (atm) 4.\t Donarken hacmi azalan X bile\u015fi\u011finin nor- Faz Diyagramlar\u0131 mal erime s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 50\u00b0C, kaynama s\u0131cak- Maddelerin bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa 2 l\u0131\u011f\u0131 150\u00b0C\u2019dir. ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bulundu\u011fu fiziksel 1 34 \t Buna g\u00f6re X ile ilgili, hali g\u00f6steren grafiklerdir. \t I.\t Kat\u0131s\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fczer. Donarken hacmi artan H2O nun faz diyagram\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir. Kritik T \t II.\t \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc noktas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 50\u00b0C\u2019nin, ba- P (atm) s\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u0131nc\u0131 1 atm nin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. \t III.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 hem erime hem de kay- B nama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. \t Faz diyagram\u0131 verilen madde ile ilgili, S\u0131v\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yarg\u0131lardan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Kat\u0131 A \t A)\t Donarken hacmi artar. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III Gaz \t B)\t 1. b\u00f6lgede kat\u0131 haldedir. Buhar \t C)\t 2. b\u00f6lgeden 3. b\u00f6lgeye ge\u00e7i\u015fi buhar- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 t (\u00b0C) la\u015fma olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Kritik 5.\t \u00d6zde\u015f iki izole sistemde e\u015fit mol say\u0131da S\u0131cakl\u0131k \t D)\t 1. b\u00f6lgeden 3. b\u00f6lgeye ge\u00e7i\u015fi s\u00fcblim- le\u015fme olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kta CO2 ve NO2 gazlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. A noktas\u0131, maddenin her \u00fc\u00e7 hali- Gazlar\u0131n hacmi ayn\u0131 miktar azalt\u0131l\u0131yor. nin de birlikte bulundu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc nok- \t E)\t 4. b\u00f6lgede sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bas\u0131n\u00e7la s\u0131- ta olarak bilinir. v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, gazlar ile ilgili, AB e\u011frisinin sola yat\u0131k olmas\u0131na \t I.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131ca k\u0131yasla artar. dikkat ediniz. \t II.\t NO2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n son s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, CO2 gaz\u0131- Donarken hacmi azalan CO2 nin n\u0131nkinden fazla olur. faz diyagram\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir. 2.\t I.\t Kat\u0131 \t III.\t Gazlar\u0131n hacmi yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fse ba- P (atm) \t II.\t Buhar s\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131ca k\u0131yasla iki kat\u0131na B \t III.\t Gaz \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131 \t Bir madde yukar\u0131daki fiziksel hallerin- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Kat\u0131 A den hangilerinde iken sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bas\u0131n\u00e7la s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III Gaz \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 Buhar P \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 6.\t B t (\u00b0C) A C Kritik S\u0131cakl\u0131k AB e\u011frisinin sa\u011fa yat\u0131k olmas\u0131na dikkat ediniz. 3.\t P (atm) Kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131k: Ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7 etkisiyle s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi en y\u00fck- Kritik t\u00ba(C) sek s\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k Buhar: Bulundu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ba- 1 23 \t Faz diyagram\u0131 yukar\u0131da verilen madde s\u0131n\u00e7la s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fabilen ak\u0131\u015fkan t\u00ba(C) ile ilgili, Kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131k \t I.\t A - B e\u011frisi erime - donma olay\u0131n\u0131 ifade Gaz: Bulundu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bas\u0131n\u00e7- eder. la s\u0131v\u0131la\u015famayan ak\u0131\u015fkan \t X bile\u015fi\u011finin faz diyagram\u0131 yukar\u0131da veril- mi\u015ftir. \t II.\t A - C e\u011frisi buharla\u015fma - yo\u011funla\u015fma Erime olay\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \t Buna g\u00f6re, numaralarla belirtilen s\u0131- Kaynama cakl\u0131ktaki fiziksel hallerinden hangileri \t III.\t Kat\u0131s\u0131 sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131r\u0131larak S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bas\u0131n\u00e7la s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131- Kritik r\u0131labilir? S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Kat\u0131 S\u0131v\u0131 Buhar Gaz \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z 1\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z 2\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z 3 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) 1 ve 2\u2001 E) 2 ve 3\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 1.E 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.E 73 GAZLAR","FAZ D\u0130YAGRAMLARI VE JOULE-THOMSON OLAYI Test \/ 11 Joule - Thomson Olay\u0131 7.\t Gaz hali ile ilgili, 10.\t V1, T1 V2 \u0130zole (\u00e7evresiyle \u0131s\u0131 al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015fi yap- \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulanarak s\u0131- mayan) bir sistemde gaz\u0131n hacmi \t v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. NH3(g) Bo\u015f art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa gaz so\u011furken, azalt\u0131l\u0131rsa gaz \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131k\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc- r\u00fcl\u00fcp bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulan\u0131rsa s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labi- Buzdolab\u0131 gibi so\u011futucu sistem- lir. lerde Jolue - Thomson olay\u0131ndan faydal\u0131n\u0131l\u0131r. \t III.\t So\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkanlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 1. kap 2. kap P \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Pompa B \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t \u015eekildeki izole sistemde 1. kaptaki gaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 bo\u015f olan 2. kaba aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T2 oluyor. 1 \t Buna g\u00f6re, 3 \t I.\t T2 < T1 ise, V2 > V1\u2019dir. t (\u00b0C) \t II.\t V1 = V2 ise, T1 = T2\u2019dir. \t III.\t Gaz\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu artm\u0131\u015f ise T1 > T2\u2019dir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Buzdolab\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi 8.\t \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III 1.\t Buzdolab\u0131ndaki kompres\u00f6r ba- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 s\u0131n\u00e7 olu\u015fturarak so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015f- kan\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. 2.\t Hacmi art\u0131r\u0131lan s\u0131v\u0131 buharla\u015f\u0131r X(g) ve Joule - Thomson genle\u015fmesi sebebiyle so\u011fur. 3.\t Buzdolab\u0131ndaki maddelerden \u0131s\u0131 alarak onlar\u0131 so\u011futurken \t \u015eekildeki izole sistemde piston bir miktar kendisi bir miktar \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. So\u011futucu sistemlerde kullan\u0131lan so- \t itilip sabitleniyor. 11.\t P \u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkanlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gere- \t Buna g\u00f6re, X gaz\u0131n\u0131n, ken \u00f6zellikler; \t \t I.\t bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u2022\tKritik s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek, kaynama \t II.\t s\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, uygulanabilir ba- III.\t yo\u011funluk s\u0131n\u00e7ta s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fabilen (fiziksel) niceliklerinden hangileri artar? \u2022\t\u00c7evreye zararl\u0131, korozif, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131- c\u0131, zehirli de\u011fil (kimyasal) \u2022\tKolay temin edilebilir, ucuz (eko- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III 2 1 nomik) 3 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 t\u00ba(C) 9.\t So\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkanlar ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \t Buzdolab\u0131nda so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131- ifadelerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yukar\u0131daki faz diyagram\u0131nda numaralarla belirtilmi\u015ftir. \t A)\t Kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda gaz - s\u0131v\u0131 fizik- sel hal de\u011fi\u015fimine u\u011frarlar. \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t I.\t 1. olay\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda buzdolab\u0131 enerji t\u00fc- \t B)\t Kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \t C)\t Uygulanabilir bas\u0131n\u00e7ta s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fabilmeli- ketir. \t II.\t 2. olay\u0131 Joule - Thomson genle\u015fmesini dir. \t D)\t \u00c7evreye zararl\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. i\u00e7erir. \t E)\t Korozif (a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131) olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \t III.\t 3. olay buzdolab\u0131ndaki yiyecek ve i\u00e7e- 74 ceklerin so\u011fumas\u0131 s\u00fcrecidir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 GAZLAR 7.C 8.E 9.A 10.B 11.E","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 12 1.\t 2V, T(K) 4.\t V, T(K) 2V Engel Soru: Po = P V V1 , T1(K) CO(g) He(g) CH4(g) \u0130deal piston P1 atm 1 atm X(g) 1. kap 2. kap m gram \t \u015eekildeki kaplardaki gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu birbiri- \t \u015eekildeki sistemde CO gaz\u0131n\u0131n mutlak s\u0131- V2 , T2(K) ne e\u015fittir. cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 4 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. P2 atm \t Buna g\u00f6re, 2. kaptaki gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 \t Buna g\u00f6re, CO gaz\u0131n\u0131n, Y(g) atm dir? (He:4, CH4:16) \t I.\t Hacim \t II.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 m gram \t A) 1 \u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 1 \u2001 D) 1 \u2001 E) 1 \t III.\t Ortalama dif\u00fczyon h\u0131z\u0131 16 8 4 2 \t niceliklerinden hangileri ba\u015flang\u0131ca k\u0131- \u015eekildeki kaplardaki gazlar\u0131n ni- yasla iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar? celikleri ile ilgili, \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u2022\t V1 =2 V2 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 2.\t T1 1 \u2022\t T2 = 3 1,2 mol He(g) 0,8 mol CH4(g) \u2022\t P1 = 2 P2 5 \t \u015eekildeki sistemde sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta musluk k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gazlar\u0131n 5.\t I.\t Hacim bilgileri veriliyor. k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 e\u015fitleniyor. \t II.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 Buna g\u00f6re, gazlar\u0131n mol k\u00fctlesi \t Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 P atm oldu\u011fu- mX na g\u00f6re, son durumda gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 \t III.\t Yo\u011funluk oran\u0131 d mY m ka\u00e7t\u0131r? atm dir? (He:4, CH4:16) \t IV.\t Mol say\u0131s\u0131 A) 5 \u2001 B) 3 \u2001 C) 4 \t A) P \u2001 B) 2P\u2001 C) 3P D) 4P\u2001 E) 5P 12 5 15 5 5 55 6 \t Bir gaza ait yukar\u0131daki niceliklerden hangileri kesinlikle gaz\u0131n miktar\u0131na \u2001 D) 15 \u2001 E) 12 \u2001 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r? 4 5 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z IV\u2001 E) I, II, III ve IV\u2001 \u0130deal gaz denklemini i\u00e7inde mol k\u00fctlesi i\u00e7erecek hale \u00e7evirelim. P.V = n.R.T P.V = m \u2006.\u2006R.T MA 3.\t 2V, T(K) T(K) 6.\t Gazlar\u0131n k\u00fctlesi e\u015fit ve ideal gaz CH4(g) sabiti her iki gaz i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 olaca- P atm \u011f\u0131ndan, P\u2006.\u2006V\u2006.\u2006MA T 4 atm Bo\u015f m.R = H2(g) oran\u0131 sabit olacakt\u0131r. P1\u2006.\u2006V1\u2006.\u2006MX = P2\u2006.\u2006V2\u2006.\u2006MY T1 T2 1. kap 2. kap \t \u015eekildeki kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 2\u2006.\u20062\u2006.\u2006MX 5\u2006.\u20061\u2006.\u2006MY \t \u015eekildeki sistemde musluk sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kana kadar SO2 gaz\u0131 ekleniyor. 1 = 3 k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1. kap- taki gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 3,2 atm ye d\u00fc\u015ferken 2. \t Buna g\u00f6re, yap\u0131lan bu etki ile birim za- Buradan, kaptaki gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 0,4 atm oluyor. manda birim y\u00fczeye \u00e7arpan tanecik sa- y\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? MX = 5 olarak bulunur. \t Buna g\u00f6re, 2. kab\u0131n hacmi ka\u00e7 V\u2019dir? (CH4:16, SO2:64) MY 12 Cevap: A \t \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 8 \t A) 3 \u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 5 \u2001 D) 3\u2001 E) 7 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 222 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.E 5.D 6.B 75 GAZLAR","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 12 Soru: 7.\t 10.\t V V AB X(g) He(g) H2(g) T(K) Ne(g) 0 1 23456 7 8 \u015eekildeki kapta bulunan gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T(K) yo\u011fu\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1 \u00b0C \u00fczerine kadar \u015eekildeki \u00f6zde\u015f b\u00f6lmelendirilmi\u015f \t d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u0130deal piston cam borunun A ucundan He ve Buna g\u00f6re, yap\u0131lan bu etki ile, \t \u015eekildeki sistem dengededir. SO2 gazlar\u0131, B ucundan ise CH4 \t H2 ve Ne gazlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 e\u015fit gaz\u0131 ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ve ayn\u0131 anda I.\t X gaz\u0131 ideale yakla\u015f\u0131r. g\u00f6nderiliyor. II.\t Bas\u0131nc\u0131 azal\u0131r. oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re He gaz\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu- III.\t Yo\u011funlu\u011fu artar. nun H2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funa oran\u0131 ka\u00e7- He gaz\u0131 atomlar\u0131 cam borunun di- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? t\u0131r? (He:4, H2:2) \u011fer ucuna ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda SO2 ve CH4 \t molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131k ka\u00e7 \t \t A) 16\u2001 B) 8\u2001 C) 4\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 1 b\u00f6lmedir?(He:4, CH4:16, SO2:64) A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 \t \t \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Gazlar\u0131n ortalama dif\u00fczyon h\u0131z\u0131 11.\t mol k\u00fctlesinin karek\u00f6k\u00fc ile ters, mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karek\u00f6k\u00fc ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Gazlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fit oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, 8.\t Po = P atm 5V \u03d1He = 1 = 1 \u00b4 4\u03d1 \u0130deal piston P atm 4 2 250 K H2(g) SO2(g) \u03d1CH4 = 1 = 1 \u00b4 2\u03d1 He(g) 16 4 Ne(g) \u03d1SO2 = 1 = 1 \u00b4\u03d1 \t \u015eekildeki sistemde piston itilerek gaz hac- 64 8 mi V\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fci\u00fcp gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 50\u00b0C art- \t \u015eekildeki kapta bulunan gazlar\u0131n yo\u011funlu- t\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. He gaz\u0131 4J h\u0131z\u0131 ile 4k yolunu al- \t \u011fu birbirine e\u015fittir. m\u0131\u015fsa, CH4 2J h\u0131z\u0131 ile 2k, SO2 \t Buna g\u00f6re, son durumda gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 Jh\u0131z\u0131 ile k yolunu al\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, H2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 ka\u00e7 atm olur? atm dir? 4k = 8 (He) \t (H2:2, He:4, Ne:20) \t A) 12P\u2001 B) 10P\u2001 C) 8P\u2001 D) 6P\u2001 E) 5P k = 2 (SO2) 2k = 4 (CH4) \t A) 5P\u2001 B) 5P\u2001 C) 5P\u2001 D) 4P\u2001 E) 3P 87654 Aralar\u0131nda iki b\u00f6lme vard\u0131r. Cevap: B 9.\t X bile\u015fi\u011finin normal bas\u0131n\u00e7ta kaynama s\u0131- 12.\t Po = 1,025 atm cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 100\u00b0C, kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 343\u00b0C\u2019dir. 12L \u0130deal piston 27\u00baC \t Bu bile\u015fi\u011fin 1 atm\u2019deki fiziksel halleri HF(g) ile ilgili, \t \u015eekildeki sistem dengededir. \t I.\t 120\u00b0C de buhard\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re, kapta bulunan HF gaz\u0131 ka\u00e7 \t II.\t 150\u00b0C de bas\u0131n\u00e7la s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. gramd\u0131r? (H:1, F:19) \t III.\t 350\u00b0C de bas\u0131n\u00e7la s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. \t A) 10\u2001 B) 20\u2001 C) 30\u2001 D) 40\u2001 E) 60 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? 7.C 8.A 9.E 10.C 11.D 12.A \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 GAZLAR 76","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 13 1.\t 3.\t Elastik bir balon m gram He gaz\u0131 ile dolu Soru: 4L \u0130deal piston iken hacmi V1\u2019dir. Ayn\u0131 elastik balon ayn\u0131 4L T(K) ortamda ve ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 8 m gram CH4 T(K) CO2(g) N2(g) gaz\u0131 ile dolu iken hacmi V2\u2019dir. 0,4 mol \t Buna g\u00f6re, V1 oran\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? He(g) \t \u015eekildeki kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir miktar V2 CnH2n gaz\u0131 ekleniyor. \t (He:4, CH4:16) \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t A) 1\u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 1 \u2001 D) 1 \u2001 E) 1 \u0130deal piston \t I.\t n = 2 ise kaptaki gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu de\u011fi\u015f- 2 3 4 8 mez. 4.\t \u015eekildeki sistem dengededir. P \t II.\t n > 2 ise kaptaki gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu artar. Kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ka\u00e7 gram \t III.\t n = 3 ise kaba gaz k\u00fctlesi iki kat\u0131na H2 gaz\u0131 eklenirse CO2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kana kadar CnH2n gaz\u0131 ilavesi so- yo\u011funlu\u011fu 17,6 g L-1 olur? nucunda N2 gaz\u0131 k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fer. (H2\u200a:\u200a\u200a2, CO2\u200a:\u200a\u200a44) \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? A) 1,2\u2001 B) 2,4\u2001 C) 4,8 \t (H:1, C:12, N:14) \u2001 D) 5,6\u2001 E) 7,2\u2001 A BV \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta P \u2212 V grafi\u011fi verilen A ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: B gazlar\u0131 ile ilgili, \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 Gazlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve hacmi \t I.\t Mol say\u0131s\u0131 daha fazla olan A\u2019d\u0131r. e\u015fit oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, \t II.\t K\u00fctlesi daha fazla olan A\u2019d\u0131r. P.V = n.R.T \t III.\t K\u00fctleleri e\u015fitse mol k\u00fctlesi fazla olan mol say\u0131lar\u0131 da e\u015fittir. B\u2019dir. Kapta 0,4 mol CO2 vard\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- rudur? n = m 0,4 = m mA 44 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III m = 17,6 g CO2 Son durumda CO2 yo\u011funlu\u011fu, 17,6 gL-1 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re hacmi 1 litre olma- 2.\t l\u0131d\u0131r. T(K) 5.\t 3V 7L 1L He(g) 2V H2O(b) H2 + He CO2 Ne(g) \t \u015eekildeki kaba 2T(K) s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda H2 gaz\u0131 V H2O(s) \u0130deal piston eklenerek gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131- Gazlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131nc\u0131 ayn\u0131 l\u0131yor. \t \u015eekildeki sistemde Ne gaz\u0131 k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131- oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, hacimleri mol sa- \t Buna g\u00f6re, y\u0131s\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. n\u0131 40cm Hg\u2019den 80cm Hg\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kana kadar \t I.\t He gaz\u0131 taneciklerinin ortalama kinetik \t ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su ekleniyor. 1 L\t 0,4 mol CO2 enerjisi artar. 7 L\t n mol H2 + 0,4 mol He Buna g\u00f6re, \t II.\t Kaptaki atom say\u0131s\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131ca k\u0131yas- n = 2,4 mol olarak bulunur. la 5 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. \t I.\t Kaba eklenen H2O(s) hacmi V kadard\u0131r. \t II.\t H2O(b) molek\u00fcl\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fer. n = m 2,4 = m \t III.\t Ba\u015flang\u0131ca k\u0131yasla birim hacimdeki ta- mA 2 necik say\u0131s\u0131 3 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. \t III.\t Gaz - buhar faz\u0131n toplam bas\u0131nc\u0131 ba\u015f- m = 4,8 gram H2 gaz\u0131 eklenmi\u015ftir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t (H:1, He:4) lang\u0131ca k\u0131yasla iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. Cevap: C \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 1.C 2.E 3.B 4.C 5.B 77 GAZLAR","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 13 Soru: 6.\t 8.\t CH4(g) \u0130deal piston n mol T(K) CH4(g) T(K) O2(g) Ne(g) \t \u015eekildeki sisteme yap\u0131lan, \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2T(K)\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131karma, \t \u015eekildeki kaba yap\u0131lan, \u015eekildeki kapta bulunan gazlar\u0131n k\u0131s- \t II.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta n mol He(g) ekleme, \t I.\t T(K) s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda O2(g) ekleme PCH4 2 \t II.\t 2T(K) s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda O2(g) ekleme mi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 oran\u0131 PNe = 5 dir. \t III.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rma 2 \t III.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 2n mol SO3(g) ekleme \t etkilerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na O2 ga- Buna g\u00f6re, gazlar\u0131n yo\u011funluklar\u0131 \t etkilerinden hangileri, tek ba\u015f\u0131na birim z\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez? oran\u0131 dCH4 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? zamanda birim y\u00fczeye \u00e7arpan tanecik \t (H:1, C:12, N:14) dNe say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r? (H:1, C:12, Ne:20) \t (H:1, He:4, C:12, O:16, S:32) A) 1 \u2001 B) 1\u2001 C) 3 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III 2 2 \u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 5 \u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 2 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 7.\t 9.\t T(K) O2(g) P atm Gazlar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu, d= P\u2006.\u2006MA Bo\u015f \t \u015eekildeki kaba T(K) s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda O3 gaz\u0131 R\u2006.\u2006T eklenerek gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131- l\u0131yor. ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ile hesaplanabilir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, son durumda kaptaki gaz R.T \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 iki gaz i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 oldu- \t \u015eekildeki kaba e\u015fit say\u0131da atom i\u00e7eren H2, bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 atm dir? (O:16) \u011fundan d a P.MA\u2019d\u0131r. CH4 ve CO2 gazlar\u0131 ekleniyor. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mda \t H2\u2019nin k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 P atm, yo\u011funlu\u011fu d g L-1 \t A) 2P\u2001 B) 5P\u2001 C) 4P\u2001 D) 7P\u2001 E) 3P dCH4 = PCH4\u2006.\u2006MCH4 \t dir. 333 dNe PNe\u2006.\u2006MNe \t \t Buna g\u00f6re, form\u00fcl\u00fc ile de\u011fer hesaplanabilir. I.\t CH4 gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 (atm) dCH4 = 5\u2006.\u200616 = 2 II.\t CO2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu (g L-1) 10.\t Hacim (L) dNe 2\u2006.\u200620 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru ola- V2 rak verilmi\u015ftir? Cevap D (H:1, C:12, O:16) \t V1 \t \u2006I \t \u200a II 0 273 S\u0131cakl\u0131k \t A)\t 2P\t 44d \t n mol He gaz\u0131n\u0131n sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kapta hac- 5 3 minin s\u0131cakl\u0131k ile de\u011fi\u015fimi verilmi\u015ftir. \t B)\t 2P\t 11d \t Buna g\u00f6re, 5 3 \t C)\t 3P\t \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k birimi Celcius\u2019tur. 22d \t II.\t V1 = 1 dir. 5 3 \t D)\t 3P\t V2 2 11d \t III.\t Gaz\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 5 3 \t E)\t P \t \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? 22d 5 3 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 2 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 GAZLAR 78 6.B 7.A 8.E 9.B 10.C","\u00dcN\u0130TE 3 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 79","KAZANIMLAR Anahtar kavramlar: \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, dipol-dipol etkile\u015fimleri, dipol-ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f dipol etkile\u015fimleri, hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131, ind\u00fck- lenmi\u015f dipol-ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f dipol etkile\u015fimleri, iyon-dipol etkile\u015fimleri, iyon-ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f dipol etkile\u015fimleri, molalite, molarite \u25ba\t \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcC\u00dc \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcNEN ETKILE\u015eIMLERI \t Kimyasal t\u00fcrler aras\u0131 etkile\u015fimleri kullanarak s\u0131v\u0131 ortamda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. \u25ba\t DERI\u015eIM BIRIMLER \t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde miktar\u0131 ile farkl\u0131 deri\u015fim birimlerini ili\u015fkilendirir. \t a.\t Deri\u015fim birimleri olarak molarite ve molalite tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. \t b.\t Normalite ve formalite tan\u0131mlar\u0131na girilmez. \t Farkl\u0131 deri\u015fimlerde \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler haz\u0131rlar. \t Deri\u015fimle ilgili hesaplamalar yap\u0131larak hesaplamalarda molarite ve molalite yan\u0131nda k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde, hacim- ce y\u00fczde, mol kesri ve ppm kavramlar\u0131 da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u25ba\t KOLIGATIF \u00d6ZELLIKLER \t \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin koligatif \u00f6zellikleri ile deri\u015fimleri aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki kurar. \t a.\t Koligatif \u00f6zelliklerden buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 al\u00e7almas\u0131, donma noktas\u0131 al\u00e7almas\u0131 (kriyoskopi), kaynama noktas\u0131 y\u00fckselmesi (eb\u00fclyoskopi) ve osmotik bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00fczerinde durulur. \t b.\t Osmotik bas\u0131n\u00e7 ile ilgili hesaplamalara girilmez. \t c.\t Ters osmoz y\u00f6ntemiyle su ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda k\u0131saca bilgi verilir. \t \u00e7.\t Saf suyun ve farkl\u0131 deri\u015fimlerdeki sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin kaynama noktas\u0131 tayini deneyleri yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u25ba\t\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK \t \u00c7\u00f6zeltileri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131 temelinde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131r. \t a.\t Seyreltik, deri\u015fik, doygun, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doygun ve doymam\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zelti kavramlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur. \t b.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckler g\/100 g su birimi cinsinden verilir. \t c.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckle ilgili hesaplamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u25ba\t \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE ETKI EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER \t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7la ili\u015fkisini a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Farkl\u0131 tuzlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck e\u011frilerinin yorumlanmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. \t b.\t Tuzlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klardaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinden faydalan\u0131larak deri\u015ftirme ve kristallendirme ile ilgili hesaplamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r. \t c.\t Gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00fczerinde durulur; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck e\u011frilerinin yorum- lanmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. \t \u00e7.\t \u00d6\u011frencilerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7la ili\u015fkisini elektronik tablolama program\u0131 kullanarak kur- gulamalar\u0131, de\u011ferleri de\u011fi\u015ftirerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6zlemlemeleri ve yorumlamalar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. 80","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcC\u00dc - \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcNEN ETK\u0130LE\u015e\u0130MLER\u0130Test \/ 1 1.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin su molek\u00fclleri taraf\u0131n- 4.\t Polar maddeler polar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde, apolar \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc - \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen Etkile\u015fimleri maddeler ise apolar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde genellik- \u0130ki veya daha fazla maddenin bir- dan sar\u0131lmas\u0131 olay\u0131na hidratasyon denir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlardan han- le iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. biri i\u00e7inde homojen olarak da\u011f\u0131l- gisi hidratasyona \u00f6rnek verilemez? \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen maddeler- mas\u0131 olay\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme sonucu olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlara \u00e7\u00f6zelti \t den hangisinin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi bek- denir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131 ayn\u0131 fiziksel lenmez? (1H, 6C, 7N, 8O) hale sahip maddeler aras\u0131nda ola- \t A) Alkoll\u00fc su\t\t B) Tuzlu su \t C) Zeytinya\u011fl\u0131 su\t D) \u015eerbet bilece\u011fi gibi farkl\u0131 fiziksel hale sa- \t E) HCl nin sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \t A) NH3\u2001 B) C12H22O11\u2001 C) C8H18 hip maddeler aras\u0131nda da olabilir. \u00c7\u00f6zeltiyi olu\u015fturan bile\u015fenlerden \t\u2001 D) CH3OH\u2001 E) HCOOH\u2001 miktarca fazla olan ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme i\u015fleminde aktif rol alan maddeye \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc, di\u011fer bile\u015fenlere ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- nen ad\u0131 verilir. \u00c7\u00f6zeltiyi olu\u015fturan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6- z\u00fcnen tanecikleri kar\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- c\u00fc tanecikleri, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen tanecikle- rinin etraf\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fat\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, her iki t\u00fcr tanecik aras\u0131nda bir etkile\u015fim olu\u015fur. Bir maddenin ba\u015fka bir maddeyi \u00e7\u00f6zebilme- 5.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc\u2006-\u2006\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen \u00e7iftleri ara- si i\u00e7in, her iki maddenin mo- lek\u00fcller aras\u0131 \u00e7ekim kuvvetlerinin s\u0131ndaki etkin \u00e7ekim kuvvetlerinden han- birbirine yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekir. Ge- 2.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn su yerine ba\u015fka bir madde gisi yanl\u0131\u015f verilmi\u015ftir? nellikle, benzer t\u00fcrdeki maddeler olmas\u0131 durumunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131na solvatasyon denir. \t \t\t \t Etkin birbiri i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrken farkl\u0131 \t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen olaylardan hangisi sol- \t\t\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen\t etkile\u015fim t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6zelliklere sahip maddeler birbiri vatasyona \u00f6rnek de\u011fildir? i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez. Yani, polar \t A)\t Ya\u011fl\u0131 boyan\u0131n tinerle seyreltilmesi \t A)\t H2O\t CH3OH\t Hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler polar yap\u0131l\u0131 maddeleri \t B)\t Ojenin asetonda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi \t B)\t CCl4\t I2\t \u00e7\u00f6zerken, apolar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler de apo- \t C)\t \u0130yot kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etil alkolde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi \t \t\t \t London lar yap\u0131l\u0131 maddeleri \u00e7\u00f6zerler. Bu \t D)\t Glikol ve sudan antifiriz eldesi kuvvetleri olaya benzer benzeri \u00e7\u00f6zer ilkesi \t E)\t Kuru temizlemede kirlerin CCl4 ile te- \t C)\t H2O\t HCl\t Dipol-dipol ad\u0131 verilir. Ancak bu kurala uyma- mizlenmesi \t \t\t \t etkile\u015fimi yan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olaylar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin apolar yap\u0131l\u0131 I2 molek\u00fcl\u00fc \t D)\t C2H5OH\t I2\t Dipol- polar yap\u0131l\u0131 suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmezken \t \t\t \t ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f yine polar yap\u0131l\u0131 metil alkolde \u00e7\u00f6- \t \t\t \t dipol etkile\u015fimi z\u00fcn\u00fcr. \t E)\t H2O\t CCl4\t Dipol-dipol Su ve benzeri polar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde; \t \t\t \t etkile\u015fimi \u2022\t \u0130yonik kat\u0131lar (NaCl, KNO3\u200a\u200a, LiBr \u2026.), iyon \u2212 dipol etkile\u015fimi, \u2022\t Polar molek\u00fcller (SO2, CH3CI, N2O, ....), dipol-dipol etkile\u015fimi \u2022\t Apolar yap\u0131lar (O2\u2006\u2212\u2006N2\u2006\u2212\u2006BCl3 \u2026) ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f dipol\u2006\u2212\u2006dipol etkile- \u015fimi, CCl4 ve benzeri apolar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde 6.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin fiziksel hal- \u2022\t \u0130yonik kat\u0131lar (NaCl,KNO3,) iyon \u2212 ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f dipol etkile\u015fimi lerine g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6zelti \u00f6rnekleri verilmi\u015ftir. 3.\t I.\t Antifiriz \t Buna g\u00f6re, verilenlerden hangisinde \u2022\t Polar molek\u00fcller (SO2, CH3CI, \t II.\t Hava N2O, ....) ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f dipol-di- \t III.\t Do\u011falgaz yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? pol etkile\u015fimi, \t IV.\t Kan \t V.\t Gazoz \t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen \u00c7\u00f6zelti \u2022\t Apolar yap\u0131lar (O2\u2006\u2212\u2006N2\u2006\u2212\u2006BCl3 \u2026.) \t A)\t S\u0131v\u0131\t Kat\u0131\t Sirke ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f dipol\u2006\u2212\u2006ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f \t Yukar\u0131da verilen maddelerden hangisi dipol (London) etkile\u015fimi \u00e7\u00f6zelti s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na girmez? yapar. \t B)\t S\u0131v\u0131\t Gaz\t Gazoz \t C)\t Kat\u0131\t Kat\u0131\t Lehim \t D)\t Gaz \t Gaz\t Hava \t A) V\u2001 B) IV\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) II\u2001 E) I \t E)\t S\u0131v\u0131\t S\u0131v\u0131\t Kolonya \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.E 6.A 81 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcC\u00dc - \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcNEN ETK\u0130LE\u015e\u0130MLER\u0130 Test \/ 1 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc su olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde 7.\t \u2022\t NaCl 10.\t Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc molek\u00fcllerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen Kan a Aerosol taneciklerini \u00e7evrelemesine hid- \t \u2022\t CH3OH I Pirin\u00e7 b Koloit ratla\u015fma (hidratasyon), \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- \t \u2022\tC6H12O6 II c \u00c7\u00f6zelti c\u00fcs\u00fc su d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki maddeler olan \t \u2022\t HNO3 III Duman \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc molek\u00fcllerinin \t \u2022\t CH3Cl \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen taneciklerini \u00e7evrelemesi- \t Yukar\u0131daki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ne solvatasyon (solvatize olma) \t Yukar\u0131da verilen maddelerden ka\u00e7 tane- a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru veril- ad\u0131 verilir. si suda iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015farak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr? mi\u015ftir? \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler olu\u015furken \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6- z\u00fcnen tanecikler aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr etkile\u015fim ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. 1. basamak \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 \t A) I - a\u2001 B) I - b\u2001 C) I - c \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc \u2206H1 II - b II - a II - b III - c III - c III - a 2. basamak \t\u2001 D) I - a\u2001 E) I - b\u2001 \u2206H2 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen II - c II - c III - b III - a 3. basamak \u2206H3 Duman 8.\t 18 ayar alt\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6zelti Ayran S\u00fct Hava Birinci basamakta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc mole- \t Yukar\u0131da verilen maddelerden ka\u00e7 tane- 11.\t Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlarla ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden han- k\u00fclleri birbirinden uzakla\u015f\u0131r. \u0130kinci \t si heterojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r? basamakta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen molek\u00fclleri gisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? birbirinden uzakla\u015f\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ba- A) 5\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 1 samakta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen mole- \t A)\t Da\u011f\u0131lan faz\u0131n tanecik boyutu 1 nm\u2019den k\u00fcller kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu basamaklardaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olanlar koloit olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131n toplam\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme \u0131s\u0131s\u0131na (\u2206H\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme) e\u015fittir. \t B)\t Homojen yap\u0131da olanlara \u00e7\u00f6zelti denir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme \u0131s\u0131s\u0131, \t C)\t Olu\u015fumlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bile\u015fenleri kendi \u00f6zelliklerini kaybetmez. \u2206H\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme = \u2206H1 + \u2206H2 + \u2206H3 \u015feklinde hesaplan\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler- \t D)\t Koloitlerin \u00fczerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutulursa, \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7\u0131lmaya u\u011frar. de, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen\u2013\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc etkile\u015fimi \t E)\t Homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlarda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n k\u00fctle- (\u2206H3), \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen\u2013\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen (\u2206H2) 9.\t si, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin k\u00fctleleri topla- ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc\u2013\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc (\u2206H1) etkile- m\u0131na e\u015fittir. \u015fimden kuvvetli ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme ola- y\u0131 ekzotermik olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve \u2206H\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme de\u011feri negatiftir. C2H5OH(s) C2H5OH(suda) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen\u2013\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc etkile\u015fimi, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- nen\u2013\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc\u2013\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc etkile\u015fimlerinden daha zay\u0131f ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131 endotermiktir ve \t I II 12.\t I.\t NaCl \u2206H\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme de\u011feri pozitif bir de- \u011ferdir. \t Yukar\u0131da verilen I. ve II. kaptaki madde- \t II.\t C6H12O6 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc s\u0131v\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcneni kat\u0131 \t ler i\u00e7in; \t III.\t CCl4 olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131 \u2022\t Belirli kaynama noktas\u0131na sahip olma \t IV.\t C12H22O11 ekzotermik (\u2206H\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme < 0) ise, \u2022\t Homojen yap\u0131da bulunma \t V.\t O2 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme kendili\u011finden ger\u00e7ekle- \t Verilen maddelerden hangisi su ile \u015fir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131 endotermik, \t \u2022\t Farkl\u0131 cins molek\u00fcl i\u00e7erme iyon\u2006-\u2006dipol etkile\u015fimi kurarak elektrolit (\u2206H\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme > 0) ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme ola- \t \u2022\t Hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erme bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fturur? y\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in siste- min d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan \u0131s\u0131 almas\u0131 gerekir. \t \u2022\t Elektrolit \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterme \t \u00f6zelliklerinden ka\u00e7 tanesi ortakt\u0131r? \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 \t A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 82 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.E 11.A 12.A","DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M B\u0130R\u0130MLER\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 2 1.\t K\u00fctlece %16\u2019l\u0131k 500 gram \u015fekerli su \u00e7\u00f6- 4.\t K\u00fctlece %20\u2019lik 300 gram X tuzu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi- \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LERDE DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M zeltisinden \u00e7\u00f6kelme olmadan 100 gram su ne ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta; Belli bir miktar \u00e7\u00f6zelti veya \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \t I.\t K\u00fctlece %40\u2019l\u0131k 200 gram X tuzu \u00e7\u00f6- c\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olan madde mik- \t Buna g\u00f6re, olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zelti k\u00fctlece y\u00fcz- zeltisi ekleme tar\u0131na deri\u015fim (konsantrasyon) de (%) ka\u00e7l\u0131k olur? denir. \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen mikta- \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6kelme olmadan 100 gram su buhar- r\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden ve yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131- lan deri\u015fim t\u00fcrleri k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde \t A) 18\u2001 B) 20\u2001 C) 24 la\u015ft\u0131rma deri\u015fim, hacimce y\u00fczde deri\u015fim, \t III.\t 10 gram X tuzu ile 40 gram su ilavesi mol kesri, ppm, molarite ve mo- \t\u2001 D) 25\u2001 E) 25,5\u2001 \t i\u015flemleri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 uygulan\u0131yor. lalitedir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler sonucu K\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fim, genellikle end\u00fcstride ve laboratuvarda s\u0131- olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin k\u00fctle y\u00fczde (%) de- v\u0131-kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin haz\u0131rlanma- ri\u015fimlerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da- s\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131 hacimleri kilerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? kolayl\u0131kla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemedi\u011finden baz\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler hacim y\u00fczdesi temel al\u0131- (Yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler sonucunda \u00e7\u00f6kelme ol- narak haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle gaz \u00e7\u00f6- mamaktad\u0131r.) zeltilerde; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn mol say\u0131s\u0131- n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6zeltiyi olu\u015fturan bile\u015fenlerin \t A) I > II > III\u2001 B) II > I > III\u2001 C) III > II > I mol say\u0131s\u0131na oran\u0131 olan mol kesri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc veya \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde 2.\t K\u00fctlece %20\u2019lik 400 gram \u015fekerli su \u00e7\u00f6- \t\u2001 D) I > III > II\u2001 E) II > III > I\u2001 \u00e7ok az miktarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde zeltisine %25\u2019lik 200 gram \u015fekerli su ilave i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin deri\u015fimi ppm ediliyor. olarak ifade edilir. Molalite 1 kg \t Olu\u015fan bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden \u00e7\u00f6kelme olmadan 100 gram su buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa son du- \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin mol rumda \u00e7\u00f6zelti k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde (%) ka\u00e7l\u0131k olur? say\u0131s\u0131, molarite ise 1 L \u00e7\u00f6zeltide 5.\t \u00d6zk\u00fctlesi 1,5 g\/mL olan k\u00fctlece %25\u2019lik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin mol say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131nca mola- X \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin 400 mL\u2019sinde ka\u00e7 gram lite de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015fmezken molarite \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bulunur? de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu nedenle en yay- g\u0131n kullan\u0131lan molaritenin yerine \t A) 20,5\u2001 B) 21\u2001 C) 22 \t A) 50\u2001 B) 75\u2001 C) 100 baz\u0131 durumlarda s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan ba- \u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olan molalite tercih edilir. \t\u2001 D) 22,5\u2001 E) 26\u2001 \t\u2001 D) 150\u2001 E) 175\u2001 1. K\u00fctlece Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim 6.\t I 100 g \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f mad- denin gram cinsinden miktar\u0131na II k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fim denir. K\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fim (%C) K\u00fctlece 40 g su 200 g su y\u00fczde = \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin k\u00fctlesi . 100 10 g X tuzu 50 g X tuzu deri\u015fim \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlesi 3.\t %C = m\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen . 100 m\u00e7\u00f6zelti 20 g X(k) III K\u00fctlece %20\u2019lik K\u00fctlece %16\u2019l\u0131k Soru: 160\u2006g tuzlu su 200\u2006g \u015fekerli su K\u00fctlece % 40 \u00e7ay \u015fekeri i\u00e7eren 500 I II 200 mL \u00e7\u00f6zelti gram \u015feker \u2013 su \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi i\u00e7erisin- de ka\u00e7 gram \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr? \t t\u00b0C\u2019de haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler i\u00e7in; d\u00e7\u00f6zelti=1,2 g\/mL \t I.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde miktarlar\u0131 1 = 2\u2019dir. 60 g X tuzu \t II.\t 2. kaba 8 gram \u015feker ilave edilirse k\u00fct- \t Yukar\u0131da verilen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n k\u00fctlece \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: lece y\u00fczde (%) deri\u015fimleri e\u015fit olur. y\u00fczde (%) deri\u015fimlerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l- \t III.\t \u0130\u00e7erdikleri su miktarlar\u0131 2 > 1\u2019dir. mas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011f- 40 = m\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen . 100 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? ru verilmi\u015ftir? 500 m\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen = 200 gram \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) III > I = II\u2001 B) I = II > III\u2001 C) II = III > I \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I = III > II\u2001 E) III > I > II\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 83 1.B 2.E 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.A SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK","DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M B\u0130R\u0130MLER\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 2 Soru: 7.\t K\u0131\u015f\u0131n otomobillerde radyat\u00f6r suyunun 9.\t K\u00fctlece %46\u2019l\u0131k etil alkol ve su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131- donmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in antifiriz (glikol) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00fctlece % 25\u2019lik 200 g \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6- \t m\u0131nda etil alkol\u00fcn mol kesri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? zeltisi ile k\u00fctlece % 50\u2019lik 300 Donmaya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u00b0C) ile su ve (H2O: 18 g.mol\u20131, C2H5OH: 46 g.mol\u20131) antifiriz hacimce y\u00fczdelerine ait tablo a\u015fa- gram \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Buna g\u00f6re, olu\u015fan yeni \u00e7\u00f6zelti \u011f\u0131daki gibidir. \t A) 0,25\u2001 B) 0,40\u2001 C) 0,50 k\u00fctlece % ka\u00e7l\u0131kt\u0131r? Donmaya Antifiriz Su \t\u2001 D) 0,75\u2001 E) 0,80\u2001 ba\u015flama (%) (%) s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u00b0C) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \u201335 90 10 \u201322 70 30 1. \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki \u201313 50 50 \u20139 40 60 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen 200 25 \u21d2 50 g \u015feker \u20132 10 90 miktar = 100 2. \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen 300 50 \u21d2 150 g \u015feker \t 10.\t 45 gram glikozun (C6H12O6) x gram suda miktar = 100 \t \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ile olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltide glikozun %C = 150\u2006+\u200650 100 Hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gece \u201325\u00b0C\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc- mol kesri 0,04\u2019t\u00fcr. 500 \u011f\u00fc bir \u015fehirde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken an- tifiriz ve su miktarlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden \t Buna g\u00f6re x de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t \u21d2 %40 hangisi olabilir? (\u00c7\u00f6zelti hacmi bile\u015fen- \t (H2O: 18 g.mol\u20131, C6H12O6: 180 g.mol\u20131) lerin toplam hacmidir.) \t A) 180\u2001 B) 144\u2001 C) 126 2. Hacimce Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim \t Su (mL)\t Antifiriz (mL) \t\u2001 D) 108\u2001 E) 90\u2001 A)\t \t 60\t 140 S\u0131v\u0131\u2013s\u0131v\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin haz\u0131rlanma- \t B)\t \t 50\t 250 s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan deri\u015fim t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. C)\t \t 100\t 100 100 cm3 (100 mL) \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki \u00e7\u00f6- \t D)\t \t 20 \t 30 E)\t \t 120\t 30 z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olan maddenin cm3 mik- \t tar\u0131d\u0131r. \t Hacimce y\u00fczde deri\u015fim (%C) \t Hacimce y\u00fczde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin hacmi 11.\t Molarite (mol\/L) K\u00fctlece % deri\u015fim deri\u015fim \u00e7\u00f6zelti hacmi = . 100 %C = V\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen . 100 V\u00e7\u00f6zelti ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ile hesaplan\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C) S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C) I II Soru: Molalite (mol\/kg) 40\u2006cm3 etil alkol ile haz\u0131rlanan Kolonya\u2019n\u0131n derecesi, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mda hacimce 200 cm3\u2019l\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki hacimce % ka\u00e7 etil alkol oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. alkol deri\u015fimi % ka\u00e7 olur? 8.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t Ela, marketten alt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolonyan\u0131n \u00fczerinde S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C) 80\u00b0 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hacminin de 200 mL ol- III %C = 40 . 100 du\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. 200 \t Deri\u015fim t\u00fcrleri ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu kolonyadaki etil alkol de\u011fi\u015fimi g\u00f6steren yukar\u0131daki grafikler- = %20\u2019lik olur. ka\u00e7 gramd\u0131r? (detil alkol = 0,8 g\/mL) den hangileri do\u011frudur? \t (\u00c7\u00f6zelti k\u00fctlesi de\u011fi\u015fmemektedir.) \t A) 128\u2001 B) 160\u2001 C) 156 \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 \t \u2001 D) 180\u2001 E) 196\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 84 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.D 11.E","DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M B\u0130R\u0130MLER\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 3 1.\t A\u00e7\u0131klama Deri\u015fim 5.\t 0,2M 200 mL Al2(SO4)3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile ilgili; 3. ppm (parts per million = milyonda bir k\u0131s\u0131m) \t I.\t 0,04 mol Al3+ iyonu i\u00e7erir. 1 kg \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde Deri\u015fimlerin \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f maddenin K\u00fctlece % I a deri\u015fim \t II.\t SO4\u20132 iyon deri\u015fimi 0,6M\u2019dir. hassas \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerde deri\u015fim birimi mol say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. olarak k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fim ye- \t III.\t Toplam 1 mol iyon i\u00e7erir. rine ppm kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ha- 100 gram \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? vay\u0131 kirleten karbon dioksit, suda II \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f maddenin b Molarite \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f iyon deri\u015fimleri ve ila\u00e7- k\u00fctlesidir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 lardaki etken madde deri\u015fimleri C) I ve II ppm ile verilir. 1 ppm, 1 kg \u00e7\u00f6zeltide 1 litre \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin miligram miktar\u0131d\u0131r. III \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f maddenin c Molalite ppm = mg \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen , mol say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. kg \u00e7\u00f6zelti \t Verilen a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n deri\u015fim t\u00fcrleri ile ppm = mg \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen , e\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangi- 1 L \u00e7\u00f6zelti sinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? ppm = g \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen . 106 g \u00e7\u00f6zelti \t A) I - a\u2001 B) I - b\u2001 C) I - c 6.\t Bir alt\u0131n madeninden al\u0131nan 400 mL\u2019lik su form\u00fclleri ile hesaplan\u0131r. II - b II - a II - a III - c III - c III - b \u00f6rne\u011finde 0,012 miligram siyan\u00fcr (CN\u2013) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak su kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa su- bulundu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. yun \u00f6zk\u00fctlesi 1 g\/mL oldu\u011fundan \t\u2001 D) I - b\u2001 E) I - c\u2001 \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu sudaki siyan\u00fcr deri\u015fimi suyun hacmi yerine k\u00fctlesi de al\u0131- II - c II - b nabilir. III - a III - a ka\u00e7 ppm\u2019dir? \t A) 0,03\u2001 B) 0,3\u2001 C) 3 Soru: \t\u2001 D) 6\u2001 E) 30\u2001 5 litre \u00e7e\u015fme suyunda 4 mg Ca2+ iyonu bulundu\u011funa g\u00f6re, \u00e7\u00f6zelti- deki Ca2+ iyonunun deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 ppm olur? 2.\t 0,08 gram NaOH kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 400 mL\u2019lik sulu \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. ppm = 4 = 0,8 ppm 5 \t Buna g\u00f6re, olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin molaritesi ka\u00e7t\u0131r? (Na:23, O:16, H:1) 4. Mol Kesri 7.\t Bir kaynak suyundan al\u0131nan numune ana- Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki bile\u015fenin mol say\u0131- \t A) 0,5\u2001 B) 10-2\u2001 C) 5.10-2 liz edildi\u011finde Mg2+ iyonu deri\u015fiminin 10 s\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki bile\u015fenlerin mol \t\u2001 D) 10-3\u2001 E) 5.10-3\u2001 ppm oldu\u011fu belirleniyor. say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131na oran\u0131na, o bile\u015fenin \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki mol kesri de- \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu kaynak suyunun 500 nir. Mol kesri bir oran oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in mL\u2019lik numunesinde ka\u00e7 gram Mg2+ birimsizdir ve X ile g\u00f6sterilir. iyonu bulunur? nbile\u015fen ntoplam 3.\t 0,6M 800 mL\u2019lik KOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinden \u00e7\u00f6k- Mol kesri = me olmadan ka\u00e7 mL su buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa \t A) 5.10\u20133\u2001 B) 5.10\u20132\u2001 C) 0,5 \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin deri\u015fimi 2M olur? \t\u2001 D) 5\u2001 E) 0,1\u2001 mol kesirleri toplam\u0131 1\u2019dir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcne- ni A \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc B olan bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \t A) 560\u2001 B) 460\u2001 C) 360 XA+ XB+ \u2026 = 1 \t\u2001 D) 240\u2001 E) 120\u2001 5. Molarite 1 litre \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin 4.\t 0,6M 200 mL\u2019lik Na2SO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile mol say\u0131na molarite denir. Molari- tenin birimi M veya mol\/L\u2019dir. Mo- 0,4M 300 mL\u2019lik Na2SO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri ka- larite (molar deri\u015fim) en yayg\u0131n r\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 molar olur? 8.\t 0,4M 200 mL\u2019lik \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlamak kullan\u0131lan deri\u015fim birimidir. i\u00e7in yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1,6 g\/mL olan k\u00fctlece %36\u2019l\u0131k HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinden ka\u00e7 mL kulla- n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r? (H:1, Cl:35) \t A) 0,10\u2001 B) 0,12\u2001 C) 0,24 \t A) 5\u2001 B) 10\u2001 C) 25 \t\u2001 D) 0,48\u2001 E) 0,50\u2001 \t\u2001 D) 40\u2001 E) 50\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 85 1.C 2.E 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.A SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK","DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M B\u0130R\u0130MLER\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 3 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen mol 9.\t Deri\u015fim (mol.L\u22121) 12.\t K\u00fctlece %25\u2019lik X tuzunun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti- Molarite\u2006(M)\u2006= say\u0131s\u0131 (mol) sinin molalitesi ka\u00e7t\u0131r? (X: 125 g.mol\u20131) \u00c7\u00f6zelti hacmi (L) 0,24 [\u200aNa+\u200a] \t A) 3 \u2001 B) \u2009 4 \u2001 C) 3 4 3 2 M= n V Molarite, birim hacimdeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- x \t\u2001 D) 7 \u2001 E) 8 \u2001 Zaman 3 3 nen miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6- 0,1M 400 mL Na2SO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine 0,4M V mL zeltinin toplam miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 NaCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin eklenmesiyle Na+ iyon deri\u015fimindeki de\u011fi\u015fim yukar\u0131daki gibidir. de\u011fildir. \t Buna g\u00f6re; I.\t Kaptaki Na+ iyonunun mol say\u0131s\u0131 Bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti su eklenerek seyreltilir- 0,24\u2019t\u00fcr. se ya da \u00e7\u00f6kme olmadan su bu- II.\t V de\u011feri 600\u2019d\u00fcr. III.\t x de\u011feri 0,1\u2019dir. harla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak deri\u015fimi artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin mol say\u0131s\u0131 \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I ve III de\u011fi\u015fmez. Son durumda \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin molaritesi, \t M1V1 = M2V2 \t 13.\t 400 gram su ile haz\u0131rlanan 0,2 molal form\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r. \t Ca(NO3)2 tuzunun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine 32,8 gram Ca(NO3)2 kat\u0131s\u0131 eklenerek tamamen Ayn\u0131 maddenin farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri \t \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor. kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda molar deri\u015fim ve hacimdeki de\u011fi\u015fimler, \t Olu\u015fan yeni \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 mo- \t lald\u0131r? (Ca:40, O:16, N:14) MsonVson = M1V1 + M2V2 + ... \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 form\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r. \t A) 0,3\u2001 B)\u2009 0,35\u2001 C) 0,50 \u00d6zk\u00fctlesi ve k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi bilinen bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin molaritesi, \t\u2001 D) 0,70\u2001 E) 0,75\u2001 M= d . 10 . %C 10.\t MA form\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r. NaNO3(suda) Na2SO4(suda) d\u2006: \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin \u00f6zk\u00fctlesi %\u200aC\u200a \u2006:\u2006\u00c7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde de- I II 14.\t 42,6 gram Al(NO3)3 tuzunun 500 gram ri\u015fimi t\u00b0C\u2019de haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f NaNO3 ve Na2SO4 \u00e7\u00f6- zeltilerindeki Na+ iyon deri\u015fimleri e\u015fittir. suda tamamen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi sonucu olu- MA\u2006: \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin mol k\u00fctlesi \u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki NO3\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 molaldir? (Al:27, O:16, N:14) M\u2006: \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin molaritesi \t 6. Molalite \t Buna g\u00f6re; 1 kilogram \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen mad- \t I.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f tuzlar\u0131n mol say\u0131lar\u0131 I > II\u2019dir. \t A) 0,4\u2001 B) 0,8\u2001 C) 1,2 denin mol say\u0131s\u0131na molalite denir. II.\t [\u200aNO3\u2013\u200a] = 2[\u200aSO\u201342\u200a] dir. Molalite \u201cm\u201d ile g\u00f6sterilir ve birimi \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zelti k\u00fctleleri II > I\u2019dir. molal veya mol\/kg\u2019d\u0131r. \t\u2001 D) 1,6\u2001 E) 2\u2001 \t Molalite \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen mol say\u0131s\u0131 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- (Molal) \u2006= (mol) rudur? \t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc k\u00fctlesi (kg) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III m= n \u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 m\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc Molalite hesaplamas\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc k\u00fctlesi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan molalite s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan etkilenmez. \u00c7\u00f6zelti- 15.\t 400 gram su ile haz\u0131rlanan 0,1 mo- lerde koligatif \u00f6zellik olan kayna- ma noktas\u0131 y\u00fckselmesi ve donma lal glikoz (C6H12O6) \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde ka\u00e7 noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmesi \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin molali- gram glikoz (C6H12O6) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr? tesi \u00fczerinden hesaplan\u0131r. 11.\t 23,4 gram NaCl tuzunun 400 gram suda (C6H12O6:180) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ile olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin deri\u015fi- mi ka\u00e7 molaldir? (NaCl: 58,5 g.mol\u20131) \t A) 3,6\u2001 B) 7,2\u2001 C) 21,6 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 \t A) 0,1\u2001 B) 0,5\u2001 C) 1\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 4 \t\u2001 D) 24\u2001 E) 36\u2001 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 86 9.E 10.B 11.C 12.E 13.D 14.C 15.B","KOL\u0130GAT\u0130F \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER - 1 Test \/ 4 1.\t Bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131; 4.\t 50\u00b0C\u2019de 324 gram suda 360 gram glikoz KOL\u0130GAT\u0130F \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER \t I.\t A\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltide, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin kimyasal \t II.\t S\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131 \t III.\t Tanecikler aras\u0131 \u00e7ekim kuvveti \t Buna g\u00f6re, olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin ayn\u0131 s\u0131- yap\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p sadece \u00e7\u00f6- \t hangilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir? z\u00fcnen taneciklerin deri\u015fimine ba\u011fl\u0131 cakl\u0131ktaki buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 mmHg\u2019dir? \u00f6zelliklere koligatif \u00f6zellikler denir. \t (H2O : 18 g.mol\u20131, C6H12O6 : 180 g.mol\u20131 Bu \u00f6zellikler ortamdaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen 50\u00b0C\u2019de suyun buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 100 mmHg) taneciklerin atom, iyon ya da mo- \t \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III lek\u00fcl say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \t A) 94\u2001 B) 90\u2001 C) 80 1. Buhar Bas\u0131nc\u0131 Al\u00e7almas\u0131 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) 76\u2001 E) 60\u2001 Kapal\u0131 bir kaba bir miktar s\u0131v\u0131 konuldu\u011funda s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyinde 5.\t Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 (cmHg) bulunan y\u00fcksek kinetik enerjili molek\u00fcller, aralar\u0131ndaki etkile- 76 X Y Z \u015fimlerin kopmas\u0131 ile buhar faz\u0131na ge\u00e7er. Molek\u00fcllerin buhar faz\u0131na 2.\t ge\u00e7mesi ile buhar molek\u00fcllerinin say\u0131s\u0131 artar. Buhar molek\u00fcllerinin Saf su Etil alkol Tuzlu su s\u0131v\u0131 y\u00fczeyine \u00e7arpmas\u0131 ile buhar molek\u00fcllerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 faza geri d\u00f6ner. Buharla\u015fma devam ederken yo\u011funla\u015fma ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olur. Buharla\u015fma ve yo\u011funla\u015fma h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit oldu\u011fu anda s\u0131- v\u0131-buhar dengesi kurulur. Bir s\u0131v\u0131- n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki buhar ile dengede oldu\u011fu andaki buhar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131na s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n denge buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 denir. S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131; s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00baC) u\u00e7uculu\u011funa, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa, molek\u00fcller I II III aras\u0131 \u00e7ekim kuvvetine ve s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \t Deniz seviyesinde X, Y ve Z maddelerine safl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \t 25\u00b0C\u2019de sabit hacimli kaplarda saf su, etil alkol ve tuzlu su bulunmaktad\u0131r. ait buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131-s\u0131cakl\u0131k grafi\u011fi yukar\u0131da- \u2022\t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n \t Kaplarda bulunan s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n buhar ba- ki gibidir. buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir. s\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- lerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? \t Buna g\u00f6re; \u2022\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n buhar \t I.\t X ve Y saf madde, Z kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. bas\u0131nc\u0131 artar. \t A) I = II = III\u2001 B) I > II > III\u2001 C) II > I > III \t II.\t X etil alkol ise Y saf su olabilir. \u2022\t Molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 \u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fc \t \u2001 D) II > III > I\u2001 E) III > I > II\u2001 artt\u0131k\u00e7a buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 azal\u0131r. \t III.\t Y saf su ise Z tuzlu su olabilir. \u2022\t S\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7inde u\u00e7ucu olmayan kat\u0131 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcnce s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 \u2022\t Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131; s\u0131v\u0131 miktar\u0131na, C) I ve II s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kab\u0131n hacmi- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 ne, s\u0131v\u0131 y\u00fczeyine ve d\u0131\u015f atmos- fer bas\u0131nc\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130deal bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki s\u0131v\u0131 bile\u015fenin buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 (PA), saf s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 (PA\u00b0) ile s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6- zeltideki mol kesrinin (XA) \u00e7arp\u0131- m\u0131na e\u015fittir. Buna Raoult Yasas\u0131 denir. 3.\t 25\u00b0C\u2019de etil alkol ve sudan olu\u015fan bir \u00e7\u00f6- 6.\t I.\t 0,2M 500 mL NaCl (suda) PA = PA\u00b0 . XA \t II.\t 200 mL saf su zeltide suyun mol kesri 0,4\u2019t\u00fcr. \t III.\t 0,1M 1000 mL NaCl(suda) Saf bir s\u0131v\u0131da u\u00e7ucu olmayan bir kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131- \t Buna g\u00f6re, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin 25\u00b0C\u2019deki buhar \t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki yukar\u0131daki s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n bu- m\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131; har bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da- Pkar\u0131\u015f\u0131m = P\u00e7\u00b0\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc . X\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 mmHg\u2019dir? kilerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? X: mol kesri \t (25\u00b0C\u2019de P\u00b0su = 22 mmHg, \t \t \t \t A) I > III > II\u2001 B) II > I > III\u2001 C) III > II > I Petilalkol = 60 mmHg\u2019dir. ) P\u00b0\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc :\t Saf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn buhar ba- s\u0131nc\u0131 \t A) 88\u2001 B) 44,8\u2001 C) 37,2 \t\u2001 D) 24,6\u2001 E) 22,4\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II > III > I\u2001 E) I = III > II\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 87 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.E 6.D SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK","KOL\u0130GAT\u0130F \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER - 1 Test \/ 4 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcneni u\u00e7ucu bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bu- 7.\t Saf suda u\u00e7ucu olmayan bir kat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6- 11.\t I.\t 0,5M 2 L NaCl har bas\u0131nc\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturan \t II.\t 1M 1 L C2H5OH maddelerin k\u0131smi buhar bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 z\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin ayn\u0131 ko- \t III.\t 2M 0,5 L C6H12O6 toplam\u0131na e\u015fittir. \u015fullarda; \t Ayn\u0131 ortamda bulunan yukar\u0131daki sulu \t I.\t Buharla\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yarg\u0131lardan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? P\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc = P\u00b0\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc . X\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc \t II.\t Kaynama noktas\u0131 \t A)\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddelerin mol saylar\u0131 e\u015fittir. P\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen = P\u00b0\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen . X\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen \t III.\t Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 \t B)\t Kaynamalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki buhar bas\u0131n\u00e7- PT = P\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc + P\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen \t niceliklerinden hangileri ba\u015flang\u0131ca lar\u0131 e\u015fittir. g\u00f6re artar? \t C)\t 25\u00b0C\u2019de buhar bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 I = II > III \u015fek- \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II lindedir. \t D)\t I. \u00e7\u00f6zelti elektrolittir. 2. Kaynama Noktas\u0131 Y\u00fckselmesi \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t E)\t Kaynamaya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 \t \t III > I > II \u015feklindedir. Saf su 1 atmosfer bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda 8.\t 1 atm d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7ta 0,25 mol CaBr2 kat\u0131- 100\u00b0C\u2019de kaynamaya ba\u015flar ve kaynarken s\u0131cakl\u0131k 100\u2006\u00baC\u2019de sabit s\u0131n\u0131n 500 gram suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclerek haz\u0131rla- kal\u0131r. nan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131- dakilerden hangisidir? (Kk = 0,52\u00b0C\/m) A\u011fz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir kapta \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan suyun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artarken buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 \t A) 100,26\u2001 B) 100,52\u2001 C) 100,78 da artar. Saf suyun buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131na e\u015fit olunca su \t\u2001 D) 101,4\u2001 E) 101,56\u2001 kaynamaya ba\u015flar. Bu noktadan sonra s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131nda 9.\t 1 atm d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7ta 0,5 molal NaCl sulu 12.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00baC) art\u0131\u015f olmaz. Bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buhar ba- s\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131na e\u015fit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin kaynamaya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 100+3x XY C6H12O6 oldu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kaynama (100 + 2a)\u00b0C\u2019dir. noktas\u0131 denir. 100+2x \t Ayn\u0131 d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7ta 0,2 mol Al2(SO4)3 ka- Bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131; t\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 500 gram suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi sonu- 100+x cu olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin kaynamaya ba\u015fla- \u2022\t S\u0131v\u0131 molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131 \u00e7ekim g\u00fc- ma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7 \u00b0C\u2019dir? 1 2 3 Molalite c\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131 molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ekim kuvveti fazla 3a \t X, Y ve C6H12O6 bile\u015fiklerinin 1 atm\u2019de olan s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131 \t A) 100 + a\u2001 B) 100 + 2 \u2001 C) 100 + 2a haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin molal deri- daha y\u00fcksektir. \u015fimlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 grafi\u011fi \t \u2001 D) 100 + 4a\u2001 E) 100 + 5a\u2001 yukar\u0131daki gibidir. \u2022\t S\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7uculu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. U\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n buhar bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 10.\t 1 atm\u2019de 0,2 mol CaCl2 tuzunun 2 kg suda \t Buna g\u00f6re X ve Y bile\u015fikleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- y\u00fcksek, kaynama noktalar\u0131 d\u00fc- lerden hangisi olabilir? \u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin kaynama- ya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (100 + x)\u00b0C\u2019dir. \u2022\t S\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n molar buharla\u015fma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131- na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Molar buharla\u015fma \t Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye, 0,1 mol KNO3 tuzu ilave \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck olan s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n kayna- edilip \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zelti- ma noktalar\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. nin kaynamaya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7 \u00b0C\u2019dir? \u2022\t S\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n safl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Saf s\u0131- v\u0131lar\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131 u\u00e7ucu olmayan kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u2022\t D\u0131\u015f atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 art\u0131nca s\u0131- v\u0131lar\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131 artar. Saf su ve tuzlu su \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin s\u0131- cakl\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zamanla de\u011fi\u015fimi; S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00baC) Doymu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zelti 100\u2006+\u2006b Doymam\u0131\u015f \t X Y 100\u2006+\u2006a \u00e7\u00f6zelti \t A)\t Mg(NO3)2\t NaCl 100 Su \t B)\t NaCl\t \t CaCl2 Zaman 3x 4x \t C)\t C2H5OH\t \t KCl \t A) 100 + 2 \u2001 B) 100 + 3 \u2001 C) 100 + 2x \t D)\t FeCl3 \t\t \t E)\t NaNO3\t \t NaNO3 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 \t\u2001 D) 100 + 3x\u2001 E) 100 + 4x\u2001 Al2(SO4)3 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 88 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.A","KOL\u0130GAT\u0130F \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER - 2 Test \/ 5 1.\t 74 gram Mg(NO3)2 kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 500 gram 5.\t 76 gram organik X maddesinin 500 \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde kaynama noktas\u0131n- daki art\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin molalitesine suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ile haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6zel- gram benzen (C6H6) i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn- ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerdeki kaynama tinin 1 atm d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7ta donmaya ba\u015f- mesiyle olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kaynamaya noktas\u0131 y\u00fckselmesi lama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi- ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7 \u00b0C\u2019dir? \u2206Tk= Kk . m . i dir? (Kd= 1,86\u00b0C\/m, Mg(NO3)2 : 148) \t (Benzen i\u00e7in Kk = 2,53\u00b0C\/m, X : 152 Ben- zenin normal kaynama noktas\u0131 80\u00b0C\u2019dir.) form\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r. Form\u00fclde \u2206Tk: T2 \u2013 T1= Kaynama noktas\u0131 \t A) \u20131,86\u2001 B) \u20133,72\u2001 C) \u20134,72 y\u00fckselmesi (T1: \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kayna- ma noktas\u0131, T2: \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin kaynama \t\u2001 D) \u20135,58\u2001 E) \u20137,08\u2001 \t A) 80,253\u2001 B) 81,265\u2001 C) 82,53 noktas\u0131) Kk: Kaynama noktas\u0131 y\u00fck- selme sabiti (eb\u00fcliyoskopi sabiti) \t\u2001 D) 83,795\u2001 E) 85,06\u2001 m: \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin molalitesi i: \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin bir form\u00fcl\u00fc- 2.\t Otomobil radyot\u00f6rlerinde kullan\u0131lan antifi- 6.\t I.\t Araba motorlar\u0131na ya\u011f konulmas\u0131 n\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6zeltide olu\u015fturdu\u011fu iyon ya \t II.\t Deniz suyunun, saf suyun donma da tanecik say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. riz, etilen glikol\u00fcn suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle olu- Kaynama noktas\u0131 y\u00fckselmesi ile \u00e7\u00f6- \u015fan ve suyun donma noktas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren bir \t \t s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda donmas\u0131 z\u00fcnenin mol k\u00fctlesinin tayin edilme- kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. sine eb\u00fcliyoskopi denir. Eb\u00fcliyoskopi \t III.\t K\u0131\u015f\u0131n u\u00e7ak kanatlar\u0131n\u0131n etil alkol ile sabitleri (Kk\u200a) \u00e7\u00f6zeltide kullan\u0131lan \t 5 mol etilen glikol x kg suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn cinsine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin 1 atm\u2019de donma \t \t y\u0131kanmas\u0131 3. Donma Noktas\u0131 Al\u00e7almas\u0131 noktas\u0131 \u2013\u200a4,65\u00b0C oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re x ka\u00e7- Saf s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7ta belli bir t\u0131r? (Kd = 1,86\u00b0C\/m) \t Yukar\u0131dakilerden hangileri koligatif donma s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00f6zelliklerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famdaki \u00f6rnekleri \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin belli bir donma s\u0131cakl\u0131k- \t A) 0,5\u2001 B) 1\u2001 C) 1,5\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 2,5 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r? lar\u0131 yoktur. \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler saf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler- den daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda donar. 3.\t 29,6 gram X tuzunun 1 kg suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn- \t A)\u2009 Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \u0130yon ya da tanecik deri\u015fimi artt\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin donma noktas\u0131 daha da mesiyle haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin 1 atm d\u0131\u015f \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 d\u00fc\u015fer. bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda donmaya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Donma noktas\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti so- \u20131,116\u00b0C\u2019dir. \u011futuldu\u011funda \u00e7\u00f6zelti doygunlu\u011fa \t Buna g\u00f6re, X tuzunun mol k\u00fctlesi ka\u00e7- ula\u015fana kadar s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fmeye de- t\u0131r? (Kd = 1,86\u00b0C\/m, X tuzu suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc- vam eder. Doygunlu\u011fa ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u011f\u00fcnde 3 mol iyon vermektedir.) s\u0131cakl\u0131k sabit kal\u0131r. Donma noktas\u0131 al\u00e7almas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin cinsine ba\u011fl\u0131 \t A)\u2009 74\u2001 B) 124\u2001 C) 148\u2001 D) 196\u2001 E) 200 olmay\u0131p, deri\u015fimine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Saf su ve s\u0131v\u0131\u2006-\u2006kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin so- \u011fumas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k\u2006-\u2006zaman de\u011fi\u015fimi: S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00baC) 2 1 Su 0 Doymam\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zelti 4.\t \u2212a Doymu\u015f \u2212b \u00e7\u00f6zelti 7.\t \u00dcrenin [CO(NH2)2] 0,205 molal sulu \u00e7\u00f6- 0,2 M 200 mL 0,1 M 300 mL Zaman NaCI CaCI2 zeltisi haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Elde edilen \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin kaynamaya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 100,025\u00b0C \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerdeki donma noktas\u0131 al- I II olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00e7almas\u0131, \u2206Td = \u2212Kd m. i form\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r. \t 1 atm d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7ta verilen \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile \t Buna g\u00f6re; Form\u00fclde \u2206Td : T2 \u2212 T1 = Donma ilgili; noktas\u0131 al\u00e7almas\u0131 (T1\u2006: \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \t I.\t Sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin kaynarken buhar ba- donma noktas\u0131, T2\u200a: \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin don- \t I.\t Donmaya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmez. ma noktas\u0131) \u2206Td : Donma noktas\u0131 \t II.\t Kaynarken buhar bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 al\u00e7almas\u0131 \t III.\t Kaynamaya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 \t II.\t Sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti kaynarken buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 Kd: Donma noktas\u0131 al\u00e7alma sabiti \t niceliklerinden hangilerinde II > I ili\u015fkisi 760 mmHg\u2019dir. (kriyoskopi sabiti) m: \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin molalitesi vard\u0131r? \t III.\t Su ile \u00fcre molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131nda hidro- i: \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin bir form\u00fcl\u00fc- jen ba\u011f\u0131 kurulur. n\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6zeltide olu\u015fturdu\u011fu iyon ya da tanecik say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t (Kk= 0,52\u00b0C\/m) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 89 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.D SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK","KOL\u0130GAT\u0130F \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER - 2 Test \/ 5 \u2022\t 1 atm bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda 1 kg suda 1 8.\t 10.\t I.\t Tuzlu sudan i\u00e7me suyu elde etmek mol glikoz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcnce \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin kaynama noktas\u0131 0,52\u00b0C artar. H2O B \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Donma noktas\u0131 1,86\u00b0C azal\u0131r. A \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc su olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde \t II.\t End\u00fcstriyel at\u0131klar\u0131n ya da at\u0131k sular\u0131n eb\u00fcliyoskopi sabiti, \t \t i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f maddelerden ar\u0131nd\u0131- \t Kk = 0,52 \u00b0C\/m, r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \t Kriyoskopi sabiti ise, \t Kd = 1,86\u00b0C\/m\u2019dir. \t III.\t Az yo\u011fun ortamdan \u00e7ok yo\u011fun ortama 4. Osmotik Bas\u0131n\u00e7 \t Ayn\u0131 fanus alt\u0131na konulmu\u015f u\u00e7ucu olma- su ge\u00e7i\u015fidir. Yar\u0131 ge\u00e7irgen zarla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f deri- yan bir maddenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iki farkl\u0131 deri- \u015fimleri farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde deri\u015fimi \u015fimdeki sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. \t Ters osmoz ile ilgili verilen a\u00e7\u0131klamalar- az olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden deri\u015fimi fazla Ok y\u00f6n\u00fc H2O\u2019nun buharla\u015farak B kab\u0131nda dan hangileri do\u011frudur? olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc molek\u00fcllerin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. ge\u00e7mesi olay\u0131na osmoz denir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Membran Membran Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \t Bu olayla ilgili; 11.\t I.\t 1 molal 2 kg NaCl Saf Tuzlu su Saf Tuzlu su \t II.\t 1 molal 4 kg C6H12O6 Su Su seviyesi Su Su seviyesi \t III.\t 0,5 molal 1 kg Na3PO4 Osmoz \u00f6ncesi Osmoz sonras\u0131 \t I.\t Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta A kab\u0131ndaki buhar ba- \t Yukar\u0131da bile\u015fimleri verilen \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin ayn\u0131 ortamda donmaya ba\u015flama s\u0131cak- Osmozda, deri\u015fimi y\u00fcksek olan or- s\u0131nc\u0131, B kab\u0131ndaki buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler- tam deri\u015fimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan ortamdaki y\u00fcksektir. den hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcye bir emme kuvveti uygular. \t II.\t Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta suyun mol kesri A kab\u0131nda \t A) II > I = III\u2001 B) I = III > II\u2001 C) I = II = III Bu emme kuvveti osmotik bas\u0131n\u00e7 daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ok yo\u011fun or- \t \u2001 D) I = II > III\u2001 E) III > I = II\u2001 tam\u0131n deri\u015fimi ne kadar fazla ise \t III.\t Zamanla B \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi seyrelir. olu\u015fan emme kuvveti yani osmotik \t verilerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? bas\u0131n\u00e7 o kadar y\u00fcksek olur. Osmoz olay\u0131 sonucunda \u00e7ok yo\u011fun ortamda s\u0131v\u0131 seviyesi yukar\u0131daki \u015fe- \t kilde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi y\u00fckselir. \u0130\u015fte bu A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III y\u00fckselen s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti ya da su dolu kolonun, kab\u0131n \u00e7eperlerine uygulayaca\u011f\u0131 ba- s\u0131nca hidrostatik bas\u0131n\u00e7 denir. 12.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ge\u00e7i\u015finin dengeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda y\u00fckselen \u00e7\u00f6zelti taraf\u0131n\u0131n AB bas\u0131nc\u0131, kaba girecek su molek\u00fcl- Saf Tuzlu lerinin zardan ge\u00e7mesine engel su su olur. Bu durumda osmotik bas\u0131n\u00e7 hidrostatik bas\u0131nca e\u015fit olur. 9.\t Osmoz Konsantre 14 g 18 g Osmatik \u00e7\u00f6zelti gliserin A B gliserin bas\u0131n\u00e7 50 mL 60 mL Su Ters osmoz \u00e7\u00f6zelti \u00e7\u00f6zelti Membran Bas\u0131n\u00e7 \t Verilen sistemde A b\u00f6lmesinde saf su B b\u00f6lmesinde ise tuzlu su bulunmaktad\u0131r. Su Deniz Oklar\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu ise su molek\u00fcllerinin her suyu iki y\u00f6ndeki ak\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermek- Membran tedir. Membran \t \u015eekilde iki \u00e7\u00f6zelti yaln\u0131z su molek\u00fcllerinin \t Buna g\u00f6re; ge\u00e7i\u015fine uygun yar\u0131 ge\u00e7irgen bir zar ile ay- Ters osmoz \t r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t I.\t Yap\u0131lan i\u015flem ters osmozla tuzlu sudan Suyun yar\u0131 ge\u00e7irgen bir memb- \t saf su elde edilmesidir. ran yard\u0131m\u0131yla daha yo\u011fun bir \t Buna g\u00f6re; ortamdan daha az yo\u011fun olan bir \t \t II.\t B b\u00f6lmesindeki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa su ortama ge\u00e7mesine ters osmoz de- \t I.\t B kab\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6zelti A\u2019ya g\u00f6re daha de- ge\u00e7i\u015fi her iki y\u00f6nde de durur. nir. Ters osmozda y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 ri\u015fiktir. kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; deniz suyunun \t III.\t Membrandan tuz molek\u00fclleri A kab\u0131na osmotik bas\u0131nc\u0131 30 atmosferdir. II.\t Suyun net ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 A\u2019dan B\u2019ye do\u011frudur. ge\u00e7er. Tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00fczerindeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 30 atmosferin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak III.\t Zamanla A b\u00f6lmesindeki \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin de- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? olursa osmotik ak\u0131\u015f tersine d\u00f6ner ri\u015fimi artar. ve su zardan ge\u00e7erek tuzdan ar\u0131n- d\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. B\u00f6ylece tuzlu deniz yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? suyundan saf su elde edilmi\u015f olur. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 90 8.E 9.E 10.C 11.A 12.A","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc E ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKTT\u00d6eRsLtER\/ -6 1 1.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen yar- 4.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de X tuzu ile haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f doygun \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe Etki Eden Fakt\u00f6rler g\u0131lardan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti k\u00fctlece % 20\u2019liktir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, 25 \u00b0C\u2019de X tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- Bir maddenin ba\u015fka bir madde \t A)\t Belirli ko\u015fullarda 100 gram \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde i\u00e7inde g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyecek \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maksimum madde miktar\u0131d\u0131r. n\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ka\u00e7 gram x \/ 100 g sudur? homojen olarak da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6- \t A)\u2009\u200916\u2001 B)\u2009\u200924\u2001 C)\u2009\u200925\u2001 D)\u2009\u200930\u2001 E)\u2009\u200940 z\u00fcnme denir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131 mole- \t B)\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin cinsine ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00fcler ya da iyonla\u015farak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. 5.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck C6H12O6, C2H5OH gibi maddeler suda molek\u00fcler yap\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrken \t C)\t Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltide sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen B NaCl, KNO3, Ca(OH)2 gibi mad- madde miktar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck de deler suda iyonla\u015farak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. artar. A CH3COOH, HF gibi molek\u00fcler yap\u0131- C daki asitlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 suda \t D)\t Bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, bulundu\u011fu ko\u015fullarda molek\u00fcler olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrken bir \u00e7\u00f6zebilme kapasitenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. t1 t2 S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C) k\u0131sm\u0131 iyonla\u015farak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc \t X tuzuna ait \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u2013 s\u0131cakl\u0131k grafi\u011fi ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen taneciklerin bir araya \t E)\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck gram \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen \/ 100 gram gelmesiyle \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fur. \u00c7\u00f6zelti- \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ile g\u00f6sterilir. yukar\u0131daki gibidir. lerin farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri ele al\u0131narak \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zelti s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131 ya- 2.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de sofra tuzunun (NaCl) saf sudaki p\u0131l\u0131r. Bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar \u00e7\u00f6zelti- yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? nin h\u00e2line, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmenin molek\u00fcler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 36 g\/100 g sudur. \t A)\t X tuzunun B ve C noktalar\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- ya da iyonik olmas\u0131na (elektrik iletkenli\u011fi), \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen \t Buna g\u00f6re; n\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ayn\u0131d\u0131r. aras\u0131 orana veya \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \t B)\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a X tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc- g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. 14 g NaCI 38 g NaCI 40 g NaCI Belirli s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta, 100 g \u011f\u00fc artar. ya da 100 cm3 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebi- 25 \u00baC 25 \u00baC \t C)\t A ve B noktalar\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6zelti- len en fazla madde miktar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck denir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck biri- 25 \u00baC ler doygundur. mi g\/100 g \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc veya g\/100 cm3 \t D)\t B noktas\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6zelti A nok- \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc cinsinden verilir. Genelde \t 50 g su 100 g su 150 g su \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak su kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca 1 tas\u0131ndakine g\u00f6re daha seyreltiktir. L doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olan I II III \t E)\t C noktas\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zelti doymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. maddenin mol say\u0131s\u0131na molar \u00e7\u00f6- z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck denir. Molar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \t verilen s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda NaCl tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- birimi mol\/L\u2019dir. n\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- lerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \t A) I = II = III\u2001 B) II > I > III\u2001 C) I = II > III Fiziksel Hallerine G\u00f6re \t \u2001 D) II = III > I\u2001 E) III > II > I\u2001 Genellikle \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin fiziksel duru- munu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler belirlemektedir. \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fiziksel h\u00e2line ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 veya gaz h\u00e2- linde olabilir. Fiziksel Hallerine G\u00f6re \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin fiziksel hali 3.\t t \u00b0C\u2019de X tuzu ile ha- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc T\u00fcr\u00fc Kat\u0131 S\u0131v\u0131 Gaz z\u0131rlanan sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti X(suda) 6.\t \u2022\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, c\u0131va Palladyum yanda verilmi\u015ftir. Sabit X(k) Bronz, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dipteki kat\u0131- \t \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc miktar\u0131 Kat\u0131 Kat\u0131 metal (amal- \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zecek \t \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc cinsi para gam, di\u015f hidrojen kadar su ilave ediliyor. \t \u2022\t Temas y\u00fczeyi \t \u2022\t Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak dolgular\u0131) gaz\u0131 \t Buna g\u00f6re; \t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck yukar\u0131da verilen \u00f6zellikler- Suda Suda \t I.\t X tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. den ka\u00e7 tanesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir? S\u0131v\u0131 S\u0131v\u0131 Tuzlu su \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f alkol (ko- karbondi- \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6zelti k\u00fctlesi artar. oksit gaz\u0131 lonya) (soda) \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin yo\u011funlu\u011fu de\u011fi\u015fmez. Azotta \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Gaz Gaz \u2013 Havadaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f nem oksijen (hava) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t A)\u2009\u20091\u2001 B)\u2009\u20092\u2001 C)\u2009\u20093\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 91 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc E ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER - 1 Test \/ 6 \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler fiziksel h\u00e2llerine g\u00f6re kat\u0131 7.\t NH4Cl tuzunun 30 \u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 10.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck (g\/100 g su) \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler, s\u0131v\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ve gaz \u00e7\u00f6- 42 g\/100 g sudur. X zeltiler olarak isimlendirilir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fc- A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen kaplara belirtilen miktar- c\u00fcs\u00fc su olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti \t larda NH4Cl ilave ediliyor. veya aqueous (Latincede \u201csulu\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir.) denir \u201csuda\u201d veya 21 g 60 g 90 g Y \u201caq\u201d ile g\u00f6sterilir. S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00baC) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen Oran\u0131na G\u00f6re S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma 30 \u00baC 30 \u00baC \t X ve Y maddelerine ait s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u2013 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr- Deri\u015fik ve Seyreltik \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler l\u00fck grafi\u011fi yukar\u0131daki gibidir. 30 \u00baC \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin \t Buna g\u00f6re, miktar\u0131na veya \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6- \t 50 g su 150 g su 200 g su \t I.\t Y maddesinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131k art- z\u00fcnen oran\u0131na g\u00f6re deri\u015fik ve sey- \t I II III reltik \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler olmak \u00fczere ikiye t\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r. ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130ki farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi oran\u0131 az olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere seyreltik \t yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t II.\t X ve Y\u2019nin sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri elektrolittir. \u00e7\u00f6zelti, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen oran\u0131 \u00e7ok olan \t \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere deri\u015fik \u00e7\u00f6zelti denir. A)\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin en seyrelti\u011fi II. dir. \t III.\t Y maddesinin doygun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u0131s\u0131t\u0131- B)\t III. kaptaki \u00e7\u00f6zelti a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doygundur. l\u0131rsa dipte kat\u0131 kristalleri olu\u015fur. Seyreltik ve deri\u015fik \u00e7\u00f6zelti kavram- C)\t II. kaptaki \u00e7\u00f6zelti doymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. lar\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131l de\u011ferlerdir ve farkl\u0131 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin deri\u015fimlerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f- rudur? t\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6zeltileri deri\u015fik ve seyreltik olarak ay\u0131rabil- \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II mek i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 maddenin en az iki farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi gerekir. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe G\u00f6re \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin \t D)\t NH4Cl tuzunun her \u00fc\u00e7 kaptaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u00fcrl\u00fckleri e\u015fittir. Doygun \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler \t E)\t III. kaptaki \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin dibinde 6 gram NH4Cl tuzu bulunur. Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6zebildi\u011fi en faz- 11.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ekzotermik olan bir tuzun la madde miktar\u0131yla olu\u015fturdu\u011fu 8.\t AgCl(k) + \u0131s\u0131 \u00be\u00ae Ag+(suda) + Cl\u2013(suda) doymam\u0131\u015f sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisini doygun hale \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti denir. getirmek i\u00e7in, \u00d6rne\u011fin NaCI tuzunun 25 oC\u2019deki \t Buna g\u00f6re; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 36 g\/100 g sudur. Bu \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen ilave etmek tuzun 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 100 g su ve 36 g \t I.\t AgCl tuzunun s\u0131cakl\u0131k-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck grafi\u011fi, \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak NaCI kullan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanan 136\u200a\u200ag\u200a\u200a \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck (g\/100 g su) \t III.\t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta su buharla\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde 25 oC\u2019de 50 g su ve 18 g \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131- labilir? NaCI kullan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanan 68 g \u00e7\u00f6zelti de doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir. Doy- gun bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc eklenmesi ya da \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015f- \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009III\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009III tirilmesi ile doymam\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zelti elde \t S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00baC) \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 edilebilir. Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dibinde \t kat\u0131 bulunan doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere \t \t \u015feklindedir. kat\u0131s\u0131yla dengede olan doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler denir. Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde, II.\t Dibinde kat\u0131s\u0131 olmayan doygun AgCl tuzunun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin i\u00e7indeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f saf su ilave edilirse \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck azal\u0131r. maddelerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kat\u0131 h\u00e2le ge- \t III.\t Dibinde kat\u0131s\u0131 bulunan AgCl tuzunun 12.\t Saf X kat\u0131s\u0131 25 \u00b0C\u2019deki suya at\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc- \u00e7erken dipteki kat\u0131 maddelerin bir \t sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artar. k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye ge\u00e7er. \u011f\u00fcnde olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin son s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 30 \u00b0C yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? olmaktad\u0131r. \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I ve III \t Buna g\u00f6re; \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t I.\t X kat\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrken d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u0131s\u0131 ver- mektedir. ab c 9.\t 20 \u00b0C\u2019de X kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 40 g\/100\u2006g \t II.\t X kat\u0131s\u0131 sofra tuzu (NaCl) olabilir. \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme \u00e7\u00f6kelme sudur. \t III.\t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zelti doygundur. Dipte kat\u0131s\u0131 olan doygun \t Buna g\u00f6re, X tuzunun 400 g k\u00fctlece %20 lik sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisini doygun hale ge- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fumu tirmek i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ka\u00e7 gram su rudur? buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r? \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 \t A)\u2009\u2009150 B)\u2009\u2009120 C)\u2009\u200990 D)\u2009\u200960 E)\u2009\u200940 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 92 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.E 12.A","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc E ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKTT\u00d6eRsLtER\/ -7 2 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck (g\/100 g su) 4.\t 50 \u00b0C\u2019de haz\u0131rlanan 500 gram sulu \u00e7\u00f6zel- Doymam\u0131\u015f \u00c7\u00f6zelti X tuzu tinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 20 \u00b0C\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7- 80 dipte kat\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin doygun ta bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6zebildi\u011fi en oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. fazla madde miktar\u0131ndan daha 40 az madde miktar\u0131yla olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6- 25 \t Buna g\u00f6re 500 gram sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltide ka\u00e7 zeltilere doymam\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zelti denir. gram X tuzu bulunur? Doymam\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler, doymu\u015f bir S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00baC) \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden daha az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen i\u00e7eren \t 20 40 50 \t A)\u2009\u2009320\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009160\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009120\u2001 D) 100\u2001 E) 80 \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerdir. \t X tuzuna ait s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u2013 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck grafi\u011fi \u00d6rne\u011fin NaCI tuzunun 25 oC\u2019deki yukar\u0131daki gibidir. \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 36g\/100 g sudur. Bu tuzun 25 oC\u2019de 100 g su ve 30 g \t NaCI kullan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanan 130 g \t (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ve 6. sorular grafi\u011fe g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi doymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7\u00f6zelti- ye ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 6 g daha NaCI \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclecektir) tuzu eklenip \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcrse doymu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6- zelti elde edilebilir. 1.\t 20 \u00b0C\u2019de X tuzu ile haz\u0131rlanan doygun 5.\t 50 \u00b0C\u2019de 300 gram su ile haz\u0131rlanan doy- A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Doygun \u00c7\u00f6zelti \u00e7\u00f6zelti k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde (%) ka\u00e7l\u0131kt\u0131r? gun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 40 \u00b0C\u2019ye d\u00fc- Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta \u00e7\u00f6- \t A)\u2009\u200915\u2001 B)\u2009\u200920\u2001 C)\u2009\u200925\u2001 D) 40\u2001 E) 60 \u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. zebildi\u011fi en fazla madde mikta- \t 40 \u00b0C\u2019de dipte kat\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in r\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015f olan doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti- 2.\t 40 \u00b0C\u2019de 560 gram doygun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zel- ka\u00e7 gram su eklemek gerekir? ler, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn daha az oldu\u011fu \t A)\u2009\u200950\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009100\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009150\u2001 D) 200\u2001 E) 300 s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferine getirildi\u011finde tinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 20 \u00b0C\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse ka\u00e7 doymu\u015flu\u011fun \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olur. gram X tuzu dibe \u00e7\u00f6ker? 6.\t 20 \u00b0C\u2019de dibinde kat\u0131s\u0131 olmayan 500 gram Bu durum ge\u00e7icidir ve bu t\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6zel- \t A)\u2009\u200915\u2001 B)\u2009\u200930\u2001 C)\u2009\u200960\u2001 D) 90\u2001 E) 120 tiler karars\u0131zd\u0131r. B\u00f6yle \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere doygun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 40 \u00b0C\u2019ye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler denir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde fazla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn- \t 40 \u00b0C\u2019de \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin doygun olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fc\u015f madde zamanla \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden en az ka\u00e7 gram su buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r? ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ayr\u0131lma, \u00e7\u00f6zelti doygun h\u00e2le gelinceye kadar devam eder. \t A)\u2009\u200975\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009100\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009125\u2001 D) 150\u2001 E) 175 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcneni kat\u0131 olan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde fazlal\u0131k olan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcne- nin \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 genellikle kat\u0131n\u0131n dibe \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle olur. S\u0131cak re\u00e7ellerin so\u011fumas\u0131 s\u0131ra- s\u0131nda \u015fekerlenme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi s\u0131cak re\u00e7elin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin cinsi, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn cinsi, bas\u0131n\u00e7 gibi fakt\u00f6r- lere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015febilir. 3.\t 20 \u00b0C\u2019de 250 gram doygun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin 7.\t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k 1. S\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 40 \u00b0C\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. \t II.\t Temas y\u00fczeyi Is\u0131 alarak (Endotermik) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen \t \u00c7\u00f6zeltiyi 40 \u00b0C\u2019de doygun hale getir- maddelerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131k \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc k\u00fctlesi artt\u0131k\u00e7a artar, \u0131s\u0131 vererek (Ekzo- mek i\u00e7in ka\u00e7 gram X tuzu gerekir? termik) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddelerin \u00e7\u00f6- \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlerden hangileri hem z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r. \t A)\u2009\u200910\u2001 B)\u2009\u200915\u2001 C)\u2009\u200920\u2001 D) 30\u2001 E) 45 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hem de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 et- kiler? Maddelerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131cakl\u0131k 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.E 6.D 7.A etkisi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi genellenebilir. \u2022\t B\u0007 ir \u00e7ok kat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131- cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a genellikle artar. \u2022\t Baz\u0131 kat\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131- cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r. \u2022\t G\u0007 azlar\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131daki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 93 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc E ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER - 2 Test \/ 7 X tuzuna ait \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck-s\u0131cakl\u0131k 8.\t Ayn\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf suda a\u015fa- 11.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck (g\/100 g su) grafi\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir. \u011f\u0131daki gazlardan hangisinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck (g\/100 g su) \u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn daha fazla olmas\u0131 beklenir? DB \t A)\u2009\u2009CH4\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009O2\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009NH3 X AC S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00baC) \t\u2001 D) PH3\u2001 E) C3H8\u2001 \t Verilen grafik X maddesinin sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- S\u0131cakl\u0131k n\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131cakl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015fimini g\u00f6ster- t1 t2 (\u00b0C) mektedir. \u2022\t A\u0007\u0007 ve B noktalar\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan \t Buna g\u00f6re; \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler doygundur. \t I.\t X maddesi gazd\u0131r. \t II.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 X\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131r. \u2022\t D\u0007\u0007 noktas\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zelti a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doy- \t III.\t X\u2019in suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denklemi gun, C noktas\u0131nda ise \u00e7\u00f6zelti \t \t X \u00be\u00ae X(suda) + \u0131s\u0131 doymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t \t \u015feklinde ifade edilebilir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- \u2022\t B\u0007\u0007 noktas\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6zelti A nokta- s\u0131na g\u00f6re daha deri\u015fiktir. rudur? \u2022\t C noktas\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6zeltiyi doygun h\u00e2le getirmek i\u00e7in: a.\tAyn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen ilavesi (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fmez.) 9.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gazlardan hangisinin suda b.\tAyn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc buharla\u015f- daha az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi beklenir? \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009III\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II t\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fmez.) c.\tS\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t2\u00b0C den t1\u00b0C\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr- \t A)\u2009\u2009H2S\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009NH3\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009HCl \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 mek (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek \t doygun h\u00e2le gelir.) \u2001 D) SO2\u2001 E) C4H10\u2001 i\u015flemleri yap\u0131labilir. 2. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin Cinsi Su i\u00e7erisinde \u015fekerin ve yemek tu- zunun \u00e7ok iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, tebe\u015fir tozunun ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmedi\u011fini hepimiz g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015fizdir. Bu g\u00f6zlem ayn\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde farkl\u0131 maddelerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- n\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterir. Farkl\u0131 maddelerin ayn\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcdeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri genellikle farkl\u0131d\u0131r. 3. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn Cinsi 10.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck (g\/100 g su) 12.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 (atm) \u015eeker su i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ok iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- CO2(g) n\u00fcr. Ancak \u015feker etil alkolde \u00e7ok az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir. Benzer \u015fekilde iyot CO2(suda) kat\u0131s\u0131 karbon tetraklor\u00fcrde (CCl4) \u00e7ok iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrken suda ise \u00e7ok \t Yukar\u0131daki pistonlu kapta bulunan CO2 az miktarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Yukar\u0131daki gaz\u0131n\u0131n sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmak \u00f6rneklerden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, i\u00e7in; bir maddenin farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerdeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rma 4. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 \t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u2013 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck grafi\u011fi verilen X \t II.\t Pistonu sabitleyip ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta He maddesi ile ilgili; gaz\u0131 ekleme Bas\u0131nc\u0131n kat\u0131 ve gazlar\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131lar- \t I.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan etkilenmez. daki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri \u00fczerindeki \t II.\t Fiziksel hali gazd\u0131r. \t III.\t Pistonun \u00fczerine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k koymak etkileri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Kat\u0131lar\u0131n ve s\u0131- \t III.\t Sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektrolit olabilir. v\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bas\u0131n\u00e7la de- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 uygu- \u011fi\u015fmez. Gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise lanabilir? bas\u0131n\u00e7 artt\u0131k\u00e7a artar. \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009III \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 94 8.C 9.E 10.A 11.B 12.D","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc E ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKTT\u00d6eRsLtER\/ -83 1.\t Gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ilgili; 4.\t X tuzunun sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi endotermik- Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, bir s\u0131v\u0131 \u00fcze- \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. tir. rindeki gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lma- \t II.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \t III.\t Gaz\u0131n cinsine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. \t X tuzunun kat\u0131s\u0131yla dengedeki \u00e7\u00f6zelti- s\u0131 bu gaz\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? n\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, i\u00e7inde sinin deri\u015fimini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz bulunan bir \t I.\t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dipteki kat\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131- pistonlu kab\u0131n pistonu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru itildi\u011finde gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 artar. n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zecek kadar su ilavesi Bunun sonucunda da gaz\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131da- \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II \t II.\t Bir miktar X tuzu eklemek ki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artar. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t III.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rma \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya- p\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r? Gaz \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009III Kat\u0131 \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 Bas\u0131n\u00e7 Bir gaz\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6zelti \u00fczerindeki gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile do\u011f- ru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer birden fazla gaz \u00e7\u00f6zmek isteniyorsa, her bir 2.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta doymam\u0131\u015f glikoz (C6H12O6) gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 dikkate \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine doygun hale gelinceye kadar al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. ( Bir gaz\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc- glikoz ilave ediliyor. \t Bu i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin; 5.\t 20 \u00b0C\u2019de X tuzunun suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle ha- \u011f\u00fc o gaz\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile do\u011fru \t I.\t Elektrik iletkenli\u011fi artar. \t II.\t Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. z\u0131rlanan doymu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zelti k\u00fctlece % 20\u2019liktir. orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.) \t III.\t Yo\u011funlu\u011fu artar. Gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinde ba- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Buna g\u00f6re, 20\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de 500 gram doymu\u015f s\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisi; X \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi i\u00e7in; \u2022\t So\u011fuk sularda s\u0131cak sulara g\u00f6re \t I.\t X\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 25 g\/100 g sudur. daha \u00e7ok bal\u0131k ya\u015famas\u0131(S\u0131- \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc k\u00fctlesi 400 gramd\u0131r. cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisi) \t III.\t Bir miktar su ilave edilirse X tuzunun \u2022\t K\u0007 apa\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan gazoz \u015fi\u015fesinden kabarc\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131(Bas\u0131nc\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artar. etkisi) \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u2022\t D\u0007 erin su dalg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 y\u00fczeye ani- den \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131nda vurgun olay\u0131 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009III\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirler. (Bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisi) \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u2022\t Da\u011fc\u0131lar de\u011fi\u015fen hava bas\u0131nc\u0131- na uyum sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in belirli aral\u0131klarla kamp kurup bekler- ler. (Bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisi) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme H\u0131z\u0131 6.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc k\u00fctlesi (g) Bir maddenin birim zamanda \u00e7\u00f6- z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen miktar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. 3.\t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta k\u00fctlece % 20\u2019lik ve % 30\u2019luk a \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen aras\u0131ndaki sofra tuzu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinden birincinin k\u00fctlesi temas y\u00fczeyinin artmas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6- 300 gram, ikincinin k\u00fctlesi ise 200 gramd\u0131r. z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. \t Bu iki \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u00e7in; 200 \u2022\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 genellikle mad- \t I.\t Elektrik iletkenlikleri \u00c7\u00f6zelti k\u00fctlesi (g) delerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen tuzun mol say\u0131lar\u0131 250 625 \u2022\t K\u0007 ar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ar- \t III.\t Ayn\u0131 ortamda kaynama noktalar\u0131 \t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de X tuzu ile haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f doygun t\u0131r\u0131r. \t niceliklerinden hangileri ayn\u0131d\u0131r? sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin dibinde bir miktar X kat\u0131s\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su ilave edilerek dipteki kat\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II \t Buna g\u00f6re, grafikte verilen a de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t A)\u2009\u2009100\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009150\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009200\u2001 D) 300\u2001 E) 500 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 95 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 1.E 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.E","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc E ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER - 3 Test \/ 8 Soru: 7.\t Gazlar\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131lardaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ilgili, 10.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck Bas\u0131n\u00e7 (atm) I.\tTemas y\u00fczeyi \t I.\t Gazlar\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131lardaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba- (g\/100 g su) II.\tS\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u0131n\u00e7la do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. III.\tKar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak S\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck IV.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc cinsi \t II.\t NH3 gaz\u0131n\u0131n sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektrolittir. I (\u00b0C) II (g\/100 g su) V.\t\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin cinsi \t III.\t Y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 n\u00fcrl\u00fckleri maksimumdur. Verilenlerden ka\u00e7 tanesi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 etkiler? A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II S\u0131cakl\u0131k III (\u00b0C) \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t Verilen grafiklerden hangileri saf bir ka- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 8.\t t\u0131ya ait olamaz? \u2022\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc cinsi ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- K+(suda) \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I ve II nenin cinsi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc etkiler. NO\u22123(suda) K+(suda) \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u2022\t Fakat verilenlerde hepsi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn- KNO3(k) NO\u22123(suda) me h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 etkiler. 1. kap Cevap : E 2. kap \t t \u00b0C\u2019de KNO3 tuzunun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri ha- 11.\t 30 \u00b0C\u2019de NaCl tuzunun doymam\u0131\u015f sulu \u00e7\u00f6- z\u0131rlan\u0131yor. zeltisine ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta doygun oluncaya \t Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler i\u00e7in; kadar NaCl tuzu ilave ediliyor. \t Bu olayla ilgili; \t I.\t 2. kaptaki \u00e7\u00f6zelti doymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6zelti \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlesi yo\u011funlu\u011fu Soru: \t II.\t 1. kaptaki \u00e7\u00f6zelti a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doygundur. X tuzunun doymu\u015f sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi- \t III.\t Her iki \u00e7\u00f6zelti de elektrolittir. I \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck II Zaman nin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir mik- \t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen tar \u00e7\u00f6kme g\u00f6zleniyor. yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- rudur? k\u00fctlesi Buna g\u00f6re, I.\tX\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ekzotermiktir. \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z III II.\tBas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 X\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc- \t \u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t III Zaman n\u00fc azalt\u0131r. \t \u00e7izilen grafiklerden hangileri do\u011fru olur? III.\tX tuzu farkl\u0131 cins atom i\u00e7erir. 9.\t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z III \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I ve II C) I ve III\t\t D) II ve III NaCI(suda) E) I, II ve III \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 NaCI(k) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t \u015eekilde verilen kapta NaCl tuzunun dibin- 12.\t \u0130\u00e7erisinde 30 \u00b0C\u2019de saf su bulunan \u0131s\u0131ca de kat\u0131s\u0131 bulunan sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine, I.\tX tuzunun doymu\u015f sulu \u00e7\u00f6zel- \t yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kaba \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ekzotermik tisinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir miktar art\u0131rma olan X tuzundan bir miktar at\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor. dipte kat\u0131 olu\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6s- \t II.\t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dipteki kat\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131- \t Bu olayla ilgili; terir. Yani \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ekzo- n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zecek kadar saf su ilave etmek termiktir. (Do\u011fru) \t \t I.\t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 30 \u00b0C\u2019den \t III.\t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir miktar su buharla\u015f- fazlad\u0131r. II.\tBas\u0131n\u00e7 sadece gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- t\u0131rmak n\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc etkiler. (Yanl\u0131\u015f) \t II.\t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zelti elektrolittir. i\u015flemleri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 uygulan\u0131yor. III.\tX tuzu bir bile\u015fik oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in en \t III.\t Saf suyun ba\u015flang\u0131ca g\u00f6re donma az iki cins atom i\u00e7erir. (Do\u011fru) Buna g\u00f6re hangilerinde \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin yo- noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u011funlu\u011fu de\u011fi\u015fir? Cevap: C \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009I ve\u2009\u2009II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z III \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009I ve II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 96 7.E 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.E 12.E","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 9 1.\t t2 3.\t X ve Y kat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 30 \u00b0C ile 50 \u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6- Soru: t1 z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir. 1 atm bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda Madde 30 \u00b0C\u2019de 50 \u00b0C\u2019de 4 mol sakkaroz (C12H22O11\u200a) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck g\/100g su g\/100 g su 500 g suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zelti, X 50 60 a. Ka\u00e7 oC\u2019de kaynamaya ba\u015flar? Y 40 30 b. Ka\u00e7 oC\u2019de donmaya ba\u015flar? \t (Kd = 1,86 oC\/m, Kk = 0,52 oC\/m) \t Saf X kat\u0131s\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti 25 \u00b0C\u2019den ba\u015flanarak \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yor. \t 300 g su bulunan kaba 50 \u00b0C\u2019de 160 gram \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: X ile 120 gram Y maddesi eklenerek \u00e7\u00f6- \t \u2022\t Termometre t1\u2006\u00b0C\u2019yi g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6zel- 4 ti kaynamaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a.\t m\t= 0,5 \t \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t2\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de sabit kal- 30 \u00b0C\u2019ye so\u011futularak s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \t m\t= 8 molal maktad\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re s\u00fczge\u00e7 ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131nda hangi \t\u200a\u2206Tk = Kk\u200a.\u200am\u200a .\u200ai\u200a \t Buna g\u00f6re; maddeden ka\u00e7 gram bulunur? \t\t = 0,52\u200a.\u200a\u200a8\u200a \u200a.\u200a1 \t I.\t t1 \u00b0C\u2019de \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 1 atm\u2019dir. \t II.\t t1 \u2013 t2 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zelti doymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t A) 30 g Y\t \t \t = 4,16 oC \t III.\t t2 \u00b0C\u2019den sonra \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmaya devam edil- B) 10 g X ile 20 g Y \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin kaynama noktas\u0131; se de \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde (%) de- \t C) 10 g X\t \t D) 20 g X ile 10 g Y 100 + 4,16 = 104,16 \u00b0C olur. ri\u015fimi de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t E) 20 g Y b.\t\u200a\u200a\u200a\u2206\u200a Td = \u2212 Kd\u200a\u200a.\u200a\u200a\u200am\u200a .\u200ai\u200a \u2206T \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- rudur? \t = \u2212 1,86.8.1 = \u221214,88 \u00b0C 4.\t K\u0131\u015f\u0131n yollara tuz serpilerek suyun donma \t\u200a\u200a\u2206Td = T2 \u2212 T1 \t \u200a\u200a=\u200a\u200a \u00ad\u2212 14,88 = T2 \u2212 0 noktas\u0131 0 \u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Fakat suya ne kadar NaCl(k) eklenirse eklen- \t T2 = \u221214,88 \u00b0C sin NaCl(suda) \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin donma noktas\u0131 Bu \u00e7\u00f6zelti \u201314,88 \u00b0C\u2019de donmaya \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II \u201321\u2006\u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmez. ba\u015flar. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t Bunun nedeni; \t I.\t \u201321\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de \u00e7\u00f6zelti doymam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Soru: 2.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00baC) \t II.\t \u201321\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de \u00e7\u00f6zelti doygun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda doymam\u0131\u015f X tuzu \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zelti elektrolit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi i\u00e7in, \t hangileri ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir? I.\tS\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa doymam\u0131\u015f h\u00e2le gelir. t2 \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z III II.\tBir miktar daha X tuzu \u00e7\u00f6zebilir. t1 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 III.\tBas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 X\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc- Zaman n\u00fc etkilemez. 5.\t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011frudur? \t 11,7 gram sofra tuzunun (NaCl) 100 gram A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II saf suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ile olu\u015fan doymam\u0131\u015f sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na ait s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u2013 25 \u00baC C) Yaln\u0131z III\t D) I ve III zaman grafi\u011fi yukar\u0131daki gibidir. 10 g KCI(k) 25 \u00baC E) II ve III \t Grafikteki t2 de\u011ferini hesaplamak i\u00e7in; 75 g saf su \t I.\t t1 de\u011feri \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t II.\t Saf suya ait Kk sabiti \t III.\t Tuzun mol k\u00fctlesi 1. kap 2. kap I.\tX tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn en- \t IV.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamdaki su- \t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 75 gram saf suya sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dotermik veya ekzotermik oldu- yun kaynama noktas\u0131 40 g KCl tuzu at\u0131l\u0131p bir s\u00fcre beklendikten \u011fu bilinmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in I. yarg\u0131 hak- sonra \u015fekil II\u2019deki durum elde ediliyor. k\u0131nda kesin bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylenemez. \t niceliklerinden en az hangileri gerekli- dir? \t Buna g\u00f6re; II.\t Doymam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir mik- tar daha X tuzu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir. \t I.\t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zelti elektrolittir. (Kesinlikle do\u011fru) \t II.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de KCl tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc III.\tBas\u0131n\u00e7 sadece gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr- l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc etkiler. X maddesi tuz 40 g\/100 g sudur. oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \t III.\t 2. kaptaki \u00e7\u00f6zelti doygundur. etkilemez. (Kesinlikle do\u011fru) \t A)\u2009\u2009I ve II\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009I ve III\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009II ve III \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Cevap: E \t \u2001 D) I, III ve IV\u2001 E) II, III ve IV\u2001 \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 1.E 2.E 3.C 4.B 5.E 97 SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 9 Soru: 6.\t Tuz \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck (g\/100 g su) 10.\t 0,3M 200 mL NaNO3 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile 0,4M I.\t2\u2006kg suda 0,4 mol NaCI i\u00e7eren X 36 600 mL Na2SO4 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p, ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacmi saf su ile 1000 mL\u2019ye sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi Y 20 tamamlan\u0131yor. II.\t1 kg suda 0,3 mol K2SO4 i\u00e7eren \t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltide Na+ iyon deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi mol\/L\u2019dir? \t Yukar\u0131daki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re, III.\t0,5\u2006kg suda 0,1 mol Al(NO3)3 72 g X ve 80 gram Y tuzunu birlikte \u00e7\u00f6z- \t A) 0,108\u2001 B) 0,72\u2001 C) 0,54 i\u00e7eren sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi mek i\u00e7in en az ka\u00e7 gram su gerekir? Yukar\u0131da deri\u015fimleri verilen \u00e7\u00f6- zeltilerin ayn\u0131 ortamda kaynama- \t A)\u2009\u2009200 B)\u2009\u2009300 C)\u2009\u2009400 D)\u2009\u2009600 E)\u2009\u2009800 \t\u2001 D) 0,36\u2001 E) 0,24\u2001 ya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buhar bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fc- y\u00fckten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe do\u011fru s\u0131ralay\u0131n\u0131z. 7.\t (dsu= 1 g\/mL) 0,1 m 0,2 m 0,1 m \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \u015eekerli su X Y 11.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C) I.m = 0,3 \u00b4 \t Yukar\u0131da \u015fekerli su, X ve Y maddelerinin t2 B 1 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri verilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin t1 A kaynamaya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n saf \u200a\u200am\u200a = 0,2 molal suyunkinden farklar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir. mtoplam = 0,2.2 \u00b4 0,4 molal II.m = 0,3 \t\u00b4 m =0,3 molal \u015eekerli su X Y Is\u0131 1 \t Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi endotermik olan sofra mtoplam = 0,3.3 \u00b4 0,9molal \t \u25b2 TK : tuzunun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine ait s\u0131cakl\u0131k - \u0131s\u0131 grafi\u011fi yukar\u0131daki gibidir. III.m = 0,1 m = 0,2 molal a 4a 3a 0,5 \t Buna g\u00f6re; \t Buna g\u00f6re X ve Y maddeleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- \t I.\t A\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 1 atm ise t1>100 \u00b0C\u2019dir. mtoplam = 0,2.4 \u00b4 0,8molal \t II.\t AB aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmez. lerden hangisi olabilir? \t III.\t AB aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortalama kinetik enerji ar- \u2022\t Kaynamaya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131k- \t\t X Y tar. lar\u0131 deri\u015fimler ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? olarak de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finden kaynama- \t A)\t NaCl\t KNO3 ya ba\u015flama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 MgCl2 \t B)\t KCl\t C2H5OH \t II > III > I \u015feklinde olur. KBr \t C)\t CH3OH\t Al(NO3)3 \u2022\t Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131, deri\u015fim ile ters \t D)\t MgCl2\t orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finden bu- \t E)\t Al2(SO4)3\t har bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009III\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009III \t I > III > II \u015feklinde olur. 8.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen maddelerden hangisi- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 nin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denklemi yanl\u0131\u015f ve- rilmi\u015ftir? \t A)\t Na2SO4(k) \u00be\u00ae 2Na+(suda) + SO24\u2013(suda) 12.\t Sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ekzotermik olan X tu- \t B)\t C2H5OH(s) \u00be\u00ae C2H5+(suda) + OH\u2013(suda) \t C)\t KNO3(k) \u00be\u00ae K+(suda) + NO\u20133(suda) zunun 30\u2006\u00b0C ile 40\u2006\u00b0C\u2019deki doygun sulu \t D)\t CaCO3(k) \u00be\u00ae Ca2+(suda) + CO23\u2013(suda) \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri i\u00e7in; \t E)\t K3PO4(k) \u00be\u00ae 3K+(suda) + PO34\u2013(suda) \t I.\t K\u00fctlece % deri\u015fimleri 9.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen maddelerden hangisi- \t II.\t Kaynama noktalar\u0131 nin sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektrolit de\u011fildir? \t III.\t Donma noktalar\u0131 \t A)\u2009\u2009Sirke ruhu\t B)\u2009\u2009Glikoz \t C)\u2009\u2009Potas kostik\t D) Tuz ruhu \t niceliklerinden hangileri ayn\u0131d\u0131r? SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009III\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 E) Sofra tuzu \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 98 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.E 12.A","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 10 1.\t Elektrolit \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile ilgili: 4.\t t1, t2 ve t3 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen maddelerin 1 Soru: atm bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda kaynama noktalar\u0131d\u0131r. \t I.\t Elektrik iletkenli\u011fi iyon hareketi ile ger- Polar bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde, polar bir mad- \u00e7ekle\u015fir. \t t1 : 0,2 mol NaCl i\u00e7eren 4L sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi sonucu; \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddeler iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r ya da serbest iyon olu\u015fturur. \t t2 : Saf su I.\tDipol \u2013 dipol \t III.\t Molek\u00fcler yap\u0131l\u0131 maddelerin sulu \u00e7\u00f6- \t t3 : 0,05 mol C6H12O6 i\u00e7eren 1L sulu \u00e7\u00f6zel- II.\tLondon zeltileri elektrolit olabilir. ti III.\tHidrojen ba\u011f\u0131 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Buna g\u00f6re t1, t2 ve t3 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki verilen ekile\u015fim t\u00fcrlerinden han- a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru ve- gileri olu\u015fabilir? rilmi\u015ftir? A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I ve II C) I ve II\t\t D) I ve III \t\u2001 D) \u2009II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t A)\u2009\u2009t1 = t3 > t2\u2001\t B)\u2009\u2009t1 > t3 > t2 E) I, II ve III \t C)\u2009\u2009t2 > t1 = t3\t\t D)\u2009\u2009t3 > t2 > t1 E)\u2009\u2009t1 > t2 > t3 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen\t H2O\t HF H2O\t HCI Polar molek\u00fcller aras\u0131nda yo\u011fun fazda dipol \u2013 dipol etkile\u015fimi ve London kuvvetleri olu\u015fur. E\u011fer polar molek\u00fcl H2O, NH3 ve HF gibi hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7eriyorsa hidro- jen ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda dipol \u2013 dipol ve London etkile\u015fimi de olu\u015fur. 5.\t Yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1,2 g\/cm3 k\u00fctlece % 63\u2019l\u00fck Cevap: E 2.\t 0,2M 500 mL\u2019lik Al2(SO4)3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde HNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinden 10 mL al\u0131n\u0131p, ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacmi saf su ile 120 mL\u2019ye ta- ka\u00e7 tane AI3+ iyonu bulunur? mamlan\u0131yor. \t A) 6,02 . 1023\t B) 6,02 . 1022 \t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 mol\/L\u2019dir? (H:1, N:14, O:16) \t C) 3,01 . 1023\t D) 3,01 . 1022 \t E) 1,204 . 1023 \t A)\u2009\u20090,6\u2001 B)\u2009\u20090,8\u2001 C)\u2009\u20091 \t\u2001 D)\u2009\u20091,2\u2001 E)\u2009\u20092\u2001 Soru: 25\u00b0C\u2019de X ve Y s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltide Y\u2019nin mol kesri 0,3\u2019t\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6re, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 mmHg\u2019dir? (25\u00b0C PX\u00b0:30 mmHg, P\u00b0Y:50 mmHg) A) 32\u2001 B) 36\u2001 C) 42 \u2001 D) 44\u2001 E) 48\u2001 3.\t Alkol ve su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda etil alkol\u00fcn mol 6.\t I2 molek\u00fcl\u00fc, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: kesri 0,2\u2019dir. \t I.\t C2H5OH Y\u2019nin mol kesri 0,3 ise, X\u2019in mol \t II.\t H2O kesri 0,7\u2019dir. S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n mol kesri ile \t \u00c7\u00f6zeltide 144 gram su bulundu\u011funa saf buhar bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6re, ka\u00e7 gram etil alkol bulunur? k\u0131smi buhar bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 verir. \t (H2O:18, C2H5OH:46) \t III.\t CCl4 P\u00e7\u00f6zelti = 0,7.30 + 0,3.50 \t verilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerden hangilerinde iyi P\u00e7\u00f6zelti = 36 mmHg Cevap: B \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr? \t A)\u2009\u200923\u2001 B)\u2009\u200946\u2001 C)\u2009\u200979 \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I ve II \t\u2001 D)\u2009\u200992\u2001 E)\u2009\u2009115\u2001 \t\u2001 D) \u2009I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 99 1.E 2.E 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.D SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 10 Soru: 7.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131kla azalan X tuzunun, 10.\t4 . 10\u20133 mol \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f CaCO3 i\u00e7eren I.\t0,4 M 2 L NaNO3 \t 30 \u00b0C\u2019de doymam\u0131\u015f sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi haz\u0131rla- 100 kg sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki CaCO3 deri\u015fimi II.\t0,2 M 2 L Mg(NO3)2 n\u0131yor. ka\u00e7 ppm\u2019dir? (CaCO3 : 100) III.\t0,1 M 4 L Al(NO3)3 \t \t A)\u2009\u20090,04\u2001 B)\u2009\u20090,08\u2001 C)\u2009\u20090,2\u2001 D)\u2009\u20090,4\u2001 E)\u2009\u20094 IV.\t 0,8 1 L KNO3 \t X tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirme- V.\t0,2 4 L KNO3 \t den, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin doygun hale gelmesi i\u00e7in; Yukar\u0131da verilen \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden han- I.\t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc buharla\u015ft\u0131rmak gisi 0,8 mol NO3\u2013 iyonu i\u00e7ermez? II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak III.\t Ortak iyon i\u00e7eren farkl\u0131 bir tuz ilave et- A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V mek \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131- labilir? I. M = n 0,4 = n n = 0,8 mol \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I ve II V 2 \t 11.\t 1. kap 2. kap n = 0,8 . 1 \u00b4 0,8 mol \u2001 D) \u2009I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 II. 0,2 = n n = 0,4 mol 2 n = 0,4 . 2 \u00b4 0,8 mol 360 g \u00e7\u00f6zelti III. 0,1 = n n = 0,4 mol 180 g su 4 20 g X n = 3 . 0,4 \u00b4 1,2 mol IV. 0,8 = n n = 0,8 mol t \u00baC 1 70 g X t \u00baC n = 1 . 0,8 \u00b4 0,8 mol \t 1. kapta X tuzunun doymam\u0131\u015f sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti- si ile II. kaptaki doygun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi kar\u0131\u015f- V. 0,2 = n n = 0,8 mol t\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. 4 8.\t 2 kg suda 1 mol NaCl \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnerek haz\u0131r- \t Olu\u015fan yeni \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin dibinde kat\u0131s\u0131 n = 1 . 0,8 \u00b4 0,8 mol bulunmay\u0131p, doygun oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re; Cevap: C lanan \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u00e7in; \t I.\t X tuzunun t \u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 50 g\/100 g sudur. \t I.\t Toplam iyon deri\u015fimi 1 molaldir. \t II.\t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki su k\u00fctlesi 420 \t II.\t 1 atm d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda \u20131,86 \u00b0C\u2019de gramd\u0131r. donmaya ba\u015flar. \t III.\t Son durumdaki \u00e7\u00f6zelti ile ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Soru: \t III.\t 1 atm bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda kaynama noktas\u0131 2. kaptaki \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde (%) 100 \u00b0C dir. deri\u015fimleri ayn\u0131d\u0131r. 0,3\u2006M 200 mL KCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisiyle 0,1 M \t 600 mL KCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? (Kd = 1,86 \u00b0C\/molal) Buna g\u00f6re, olu\u015fan yeni \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin \t \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z III deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 mol\/L dir? \u2001 D) \u2009I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 A) 0,1\u2001 B) 0,15\u2001 C) 0,20 \u2001 D) 0,25\u2001 E) 0,30\u2001 \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009I ve III \t\u2001 D) \u2009II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: Ayn\u0131 cins \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n- da; M1V1 + M2V2 = MsonVson ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 0,3\u2006.\u2006200 + 0,1\u2006.\u2006600 = 800\u2006.\u2006Mson 60 + 60 = 800\u2006.\u2006Mson Ms = 120 \u00b4 0,15 mol\/L 9.\t 1M KCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile e\u015fit hacimli 2M XCln 12.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen maddelerden hangisi 800 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Cevap: B elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iletmez? \t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltide Cl\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi 2,5M \t A)\u2009\u2009NaCl(s)\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009NaCl(suda)\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009HCl(suda) ise, n say\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t \u2001 D) \u2009C2H5OH(suda)\u2001 E) HCOOH(suda)\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 3 \t A)\u2009\u20091\u2001 B)\u2009\u20092\u2001 C)\u2009\u20093\u2001 D)\u2009\u20094\u2001 E)\u2009\u20095 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.E 11.E 12.D SIVI \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK 100"]
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