Абишев Г. Казахстан в Великой Отечественной войне 1941-1945

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upocaM MaccoBO-nojiiHTHiecKofi paGoTbi. Eonbinaa naCTb n3AaH- iiofi .iHTepa'rypbi Guna na xa3axicK0M H3HKe. OnpoMHoe MecTo b H3aaBHoA nurepaType 3aiiHMaaH kuhth h Gpoiuiopbi no o6opoHHO-MaccoBoft paGoTe. Bcero noaHTHqecKoA h oGopoHHoft JuiTepaTy.pbi a 1941 roay GbMO asftaMo 185 waaBa- » hA THpa>KOM OKOJIO 4 MHJI/IHOHOB 3K36MnjIHpOB. 3 a opeMsi OreqecTBeHHoa boAhh CosepcKoro Coio3a pec- nyGaHKaHCKHM H3flaTenbCTBOM (Ka30rH30M) 6ujio H3nano 352 Ha3BaHHfl oGopoHHo-rionHTHqecKofl jiHTepaxypbi h 105 Ha- 3b3hhA xyaowecTBeimofi jiHTepaTypu oGiuhm THpawoM 6 962 700 3K3eMinji»poB. 3a sto we BpeMH Gbiao BbinymeHo 98 pa3HHqHbix njiaxaTOB (b tom bhcae 50 Ha oGopoHHyio TeMy) h ao3yHroB oGmiiM THpawoM 2 157600 3K3eMnanpoB. B inepeaofle « a «a3axcMH0 H3MK Hainan pan iriponaiBeneHHH B . H. Jlemmia. OpeuiiH hhx xainine xpyabi B . H. TIeHMHa, wax «Bo- eHHaa nporpaMMa iiponexapcKoft peBomouMH*, «CouHanncTnne- CKoe ore'iecTBo b onacHOCTH*. « 0 repMancKOM a HeorepiMahckO'M ui0BHHH3Me», «Boiifia h peBoniouHH* h apyrae. ripoH3BeaeHHe M. B. CianHHa « 0 rpex ocofienHocrax Kpacnofi ApMiHH», Bee BucTynneHHH h GoabiHHwcimo np«Ka30B BepxoBHoro TnaBHORo- iiaHayromero BoopyweHHbiMii CnnawH CGCP. KoMMyHHiCTHqeaKasi wapxHH qepe3 (ppoHxoayio nenaTb pa3b- acHir.ia coaeTCKHM BomaM omhcji h nejiH boAhu, BocnuThiBaaa y wax JiioGosb k Poainae, yaapenjisuia iGoe®oA nyx, inpMBHiBaaa mm 6eccTpauiHe h nHCnaiMHay. 3to HBHJiocb oahhm h3 Baacwux yc- jiobhA iiamcfl noGeau Han ipaimiaMOM. PeuieHHe orpoMHbix 3anaw, BCTaBuiax nepea KoMiMyHHCTHae- ckoh napTHefl no BoewwoMy h HaeoaomaecacoMy paarpOMy (pa- niH3Ma, noTpeGoaano BenHqaftinero HanpaweHwsi He ToabKO scex MaTepaaabHbix h BOopyweaHux ona coaercKoro Hapoaa, ho h scex nonHTHHecKHX, ayxoBHMX ch.x Harnero Hapoaa, sceA opra- HH3aTopcHofl, no.™thko-BoonHTaxenbHoA paGoTbi name# napTWM. KoMMyHHCTH'iecKasi wapTHa paseepHyaa h npoaeaaaa rwraHT- cxyio opraHH3anHOHHyio, no.iHTHqecKyio n BOomrraxenbHyio pa- OnwT OTeqecTBeHiiofl boAhh noaTBepaaa, ito nonHTHKO-Bo- cnHTaTeabHan h opramoaTopoKaH paGoTbi KoMiMyHiHeTHiecKoA napr.Hn — sto uiKoaa BocnHTaHHsr ooBeTOKoro narpHOTH3Ma, ot- BarH, ctoAkocth h GecnpeaeabnoA npenaHHocrn coitHaaiHCTH'ie- CKOMy OTeqecTsy. HeGwaaaaa no paaiMaixy wapraAwo-mwtHT.HqecKan in ®oemio- BocroiTarejibiHast padoTa ib CoBercieoA1Apamw n Boenwo-MopcKOM (paore c yaerroM waiiHowaabMUX ocoGeHHOCTeA aHaworo ©ocraBa CTaaa wacyiujioA noTpe6M0OTbK) iniHH. Kjpena « paaBwaan oGuiwe aaa Bcex poaoB ibo&ok CoeercKoft A pmhh croAiKoCTb, aHcuwnaw-

Hy, onaary, repoutaM, yiMe-ioe oGpaweHwe c caapeaeMHofl oiojkhom BOeHHOfi TeXHHKOfl, OBJiaaeHHe HCKVCCTBOM GOH, HyiKHO GUJIOB to xe ®pes«i ik .ncwKtM HauHOHa^BHOcra naaxoflHTb oco- 60. OpawmemHe 3na«M ipyeoKoiro *HKa, ooo6eHHo y crap- uiero oioKOJieBHH BotHHOB-KasaxoB, yuHTUiBajHUCb aapmeii m Co- BercKHMixxryitaipcTBOW bo®p©MH Be.TH.Kofi1OreiecTBeHMofi iboShh OoeeroKoro Goiosa. Bhjio hcho, w o iboothu toh kuh MHOft Ha- UkohsjibHocth 3ajaw, pasMCHHeMue wa ipojiMOM asbi'Ke, -lyiuie iTiofl/MyT, jiynne noiyiBcrjiyioT see imihororpahhwe T.peGoBaHHH boithh. «Ha riepshix nopax,— roBopa.i M . H. KaanaiiH,— 3haline pyccKoro nausea y GoftnoB Hopyocicofi HauHOHaabHOCTM GyaeT, Koiienio, joBo.ibHO orpaHHieKHbiM, h nyMaTb, pasyMeercn, ohh GyiayT wa potowoM H3U«e. H nasTOMy, ecirn bu 3axoraTe nepe- aan, SofluaM hto-jih>6o Tax, ’rroGbi sa-rpoHyTb hx, to bu nepeaaii- Te na poasioM nsMKe « Baum iwiymaTejm (wraT&mi) nyiine no- qylBCTByiOTTO, 1T0 BH HM CKaHCeTO.1 B cany stoio paGora napruH h rocynapctBa, Boeuiioro KOMan- aoBaHHH no BocnHTaHHio y bohhob Ka3axoB HeoGxoaiiMbix bohhckhx GoeBHx KanecTB npoBOflujiacb b roau BeanKofi Ore- necTBeiiHofi bohhm Ha hx poflHOM R3HKe. 9to flHKTOBaaocb hh- TepecaMH aameft no6e.au, HHTepecaMH PoanHu. ITpHKa3u, ao- icaaau CoBeTCKoro BepxoBHoro raaBHOKOMaHaoBaHHH, anpexTHBU h ao3yHrn nameis napTHH, HauiH B03BuuieHHue h GaaropoaHue ueaH BofiHU, — Bee sto aoBoamiocb ao C03HaHHH Kascaoro Bonna Ka3axa Ha ero poaHOM H3HKe. Kan noica3an onuT, or STOro bo mhotom 3aBHceaH MopaabHan CTOHKoCTb, GoecnocoGiiocTb boh­ hob HepyccKoft HauHOHaabHocTH. C caMoro Hanaaa bohhh KoMMyiiHCTHiecKaa napTHfl, Co- BeTCKoe nocyaapcivBO h Boeimoe KOMaHaoBaHHe -npoBoaHUH He- ycTaHHyio paGcrry no BacnwraHHio ocuBeTCKoro naTpHOTH3Ma, yayniuaiiH BcecropcwHioio nouHTHraecKyio h BoeHHyio paGoTy na 4>poHTe h b m a y , epean bohhob scex HauHOHaabHocTefl, b tom HHCJle H BOHHOB Ka3aX0B. CaeayeT oTMeraTh, hto napTHsr b croeft paGore no Boonsrra- HHK) BOHHOB Ka3aX0B B yCJlOBHHX OTCieCTBeHHOfi BO0HH OnHpa- aacb Ha MHonwierHHfl onuT CBoeft paGoru h Ha mpmniiHn aeaHii- CKOfi HailHOHaabHOfi nOaHTHKH. Ka« H3BeCTH0, KoMMyiHMCTHHe- CKaa napTHH Bcenaa npnaaBaaa noaHTHnacKoe 3Ha’ieHHe noft pa- ■Gore, wrap an .npaBoawiacb h inipaBoiutTOH na paasroM hsuk© xaxaoii HaiiHOHaiibHOCTH. Kawatjii Hapoj BanueJi crpaHU nap­ THHiBOcnHTUBajia h BOcnamBaer b ayxe MapK0H3Ma-JteHHH.H3Ma, npHiBJiexaH ©no k caiMQft paawiHofl' oriaercrraesnioft pa6ore. 3ro > M. H. KaHHHHH. O KOMMyHRCTHieCKOMBOCnHTaHHH, CIp. 152. 210

Bcenaa BuaMBaAo h BbrabraaeT poct coiraaAHCTHiecxofi nanato- HaJibnofl KyjibTypH h coniHMHCTiHiecKoro namroHa.iMioro ao- CTOHMcraa, rop^ocTH a coBercKono 'naupMomianiia KaoxAoro napo- aa Coma CaoeTOMHs CoahajoscroiHeowHx PecnyifxTHK. B rca u Bejinwoft OreiecTBeHiiofi boAhu KoMMyHMCTaiiecKafl no'iaib CoBercKoro C om a notroaHHJiacb paflOM hobhx ii3ja - HHft — 4>pOHTOEHX, apMefiCKHX, AMBH3H0HHUX TafleT H CoCBblX AHCTKOB. BlO i»peMS BOflilbl TICTaTb XaK B THJiy, TaK H Ha $paH- Tax BenHKofi OTeaecTBeHHoft boAh h Mo6a.iH3.CKBUBa.na Maccw Ha paarpoM HcMeuKo^aniHcrcxHx 3axBaT<ntK0B h BocnaxbiBa.ia Ha- P0A b nyxe coBercxoro naxpaoTHSMa h ooBeTcacoft canHaJiHCTH>te- cxoii HannonajibiioS ropjtocTH. B caMbie TSMc&aue ahh B&hhkoh OreiecrBeiiHoii Boftnu co- BeroKM-o Hapoaa npoTBB HeMMiKo-KjjauBHCTCKHx 3ax®aTHHK0B Ha- ':a.TH HaaaaaxbCH 10 (Jpchtobux, 3 ahbm3hohhux h OAHa oKpyxc- Hasi (opraw nontrryinpaiB.ieHHs BoeHHoro oxpyra) ra3eTbi Ha xa- 3axoxoM H3HKe. KpoMe roro, na xa3axcxoM aauxe iH3AaBanHCb «E.tokhot aiwraTopa* a meoHTKH 6oeBbix ahctxob. B cibhbh c «3- AHHHeM Xa3aXOKHX (ppOHTOBWX H AHBH3HOHHUX ra.3eT B HCTOpHH KaaaxcKoH xoMMynHciHiecxofi nenaTH OTKpbiniHCb hobuc repon- lecKae cTpaMimbi. 12 hoh6 ph 1942 roaa buiu-ih nepBue HOMepa iimcth xa3ax- c» hix cppoHiKKaux rasea: iKpaoHoapMeftcxaiH rasera 3anaaiHCKro $poHTa — «K,bi3bi.i acxep axHxaTus. («KpacHoapMeiicxan ripaB- Aa>), «pacHoaipiMeftcxa« raaera BpHHicacoTo (ppoHTa — «7KayAbi woiopas («Ha pa3rpOM Bpara*), xpacHoapMeftcKaa ra3eTa Ka- AHHHHcxoro (ppoHTa — «)KaioFa xapcu arraH* («BnepeA na Bpa­ ra), xpacKoapMeftcxafl rasera Boaxobckoto <{ipoHTa — «MaAiaaH axHxaTU» («<J>poHTOBaa npaBfla*), xpacnoapMeitcxasi ra3eTa IlepBoro yxpaHHcxoro iJ)poHTa— «0TaH HaMucu yiniHs («3a secTb PoAffHbis.), xpacHoapMeficxaa raaeia JIbhhhtpaAcxoro ijipoHTa — «OxaH xyaermtAe* («Ha cnpawe Poahhu* ) . KpoMe Toro, ao 3Toro Bbixoaa.ia *p acnoapMeftcxah ra3era «a Ka3ax- ckom H3btxe 8 raapAeficKOH hmchh reHepan-waftopa riamfiHjiOB-a cTpe.ixoBOH AHBH3HH «0raH yuiiH* (3a P0AHHy»). ITepobfe iroMepa Bcex sthx ra3er bu.uijim c aokabaom Upem- cefflaTeJia rocyAaipcrnBerooro KoMnrreTa O6oponu H. B. CrajiHua o 25 roAOBmHHe BeAMKOfl OxTiifipboxofl coiiHa.iKCTHiecxofi peso- aiomwi H jjpHixaaoM HapoAiroro KoMWcca.pa 06opaHU Na 345 ot 7 Hoa6pa 1942 roaa. T3KHM o6pa30M, xasaxcxHe $poHTOBbie ra3eru nana.-iH bh- XOAHTb 8 TOT MOM0HT, KOrAa, BOOHOAI»30BaBUIHCb 0TCyTCTBH6M BTOpOTO 4»pOHTa IB BopOHe, IHdMeUJKHe ([jailfflCThl JJiHX COK>3BiMHH OOfipa.lH BCe CBOH pe3epBU, OpOCHAH HX IIa yXpaHHCRHfi l})pOHT h npopaaAH ero. ijeHofl orpoMHux noTepb HeMenxHM BoftcxaM 211

yaaaocb npojBHHyTbcsi Ha KDre CCCP h nocTaBHTb noa yrpo3y OrawHHipaa, HepmoiMopcxoe Hofiepeacbe, rpo3HU0 h inoaCTynu k 3aKaBKa3bio. HaiHHaa c sthx HCTopaqecKHx AHefl, Bee AOKaaau pyxoBo- HHTeaeS napTHH h jipaBHTenbCTBa, npHxa3bi TaaBiioro kom3h- AOBaiiHH BoopyjKeHHbix ohji CCCP h apynne aoicyMeHThi BeflH- xofl OTeqeciBOHHofl boShh crajin neqaTaTbca Ha KaiaxcKOM PaaocTHo 6h\\no BOHHaM xa3axaM Ha nepeaoBoft iio3huhh iBHiaeTb ra3ery aa obobm poaiioM H3uxe ih HMiarb ee. 'Ohh apa- HMMaJiiH aiKwroHoe ynacTHe b ipafiore raseT b Kanecrrse bobh- KQpOB. Ka3axcK»e (jjpoHTOBbie raaeTH Haqaam BbixoaHTb co CTaTbH- MH, 33MCTK3MH, (JieabeTOHaMH, OHCpKHMH OoHUOB H 0(J)HHepOB KaaaxoB. CojepacauHe bthx BoeuHbix KopipecncaaeauHft 6uao Taaoe: «H m rnary H33a&», «Mo0 OKori — mo# aom», «OrcTaiHBafl 3a®oeBa«H5i 0ixTCi6pa», «Boeu, toSh itpHBerorByeT seca coBencKMfl Hapoa», «Bce a.ia 6oftua, bcc ansi 6oa», «CoKpyma0Te Bpara, xaK aaniHTHHKH CTajmttrpaaa*, «Iiya©M ApaTi.cn 3a naiu pota- Hoft JleHHHrpaa ao nocaeaiiefi Kaana npoBH», «Xoiy hath b 6ofl KOMMyHHCTOM* H T. A. BoHHbi Ka3axH ot BCefi ayuiH GjiaroaapHAH KoMMHHHCTHne- CKyio napTHH) sa to, ito ohm Ha nepeaoBoft mhhhh mranu ra3e- Ty na poaaoM Hsaxe. B omhom H3 Muoro'iHC-ieHMbix ot3hbob o KasaxoKofl <j>poHTOBoft ra3eie rpyinna SoftnoB, noaHTpafiOTHHXOB, oipHuepoB Ka3axoB nncaaa: «KaaaxcKne (ppoHTOBbie raaern eme Gojibuie .noaHHJiH qys- ctbo Hauieft ropaocTH. Kax mojkho He ropaHTbca OTenecxofl aa- 6oto0 Kommyhhcttraecico0 napTHH? Hama poaHaa Kasaxcjcaa pecny6.iHKa, CTaB MoryqHM apceHaaoM OTeiecTB6Hno0 BO0wbi, BceMH cbohmh <5oTaTCTBaMH noMoraet HaM b paanpoMe Bpara. 3 to nyBCTsyeM h lopanMcs m h — Ka3axn,— sto nyBCTByiOT h paayiOTca hbuih cpponTOBbie TOBapmmi — pyccKHe, ynpaHHUU, 6e- .lapyccbi, ysfeoH, rpyseHU ,h aipypae. H b .-iioSoh ofioraHOBKe H3 oKona b own, «3 pyx b pyxM nepexoasrr xa3axoKne (jjpoHTOBbie raaerbi, paccxaaueaiOT npocrbiM, aocrynHHM caobom o caaBHbix aeaax poanibix b Ttwiy. Ta3erbi nepeaaiOT waM BecTOixy H3 «a- mero aaaexoro poanoro span, ropoaa, xoJixo3a, rae ceflnac Hayr HanpaaceHHbie BoewHbie paSoTbi. IlosTOMy ocoGenno aopo- ro HarneMy coaaaTCKOMy cepauy xaixaoe cviobo xasaxcxHX BoeH- h h x ra3CT. Ka«aw0 npH3biB poanofl ra3erw h ee xa*aoe cao- bo — c.iobo hk>6bh h SaarocaoBeHHsi — BooaymeBJiHiOT Hac xaw- aM0 pa3 « a Goesbie noaBHrn b TpyaHHX 6o»x c rHTaepoBnawa*. Pmoboh Araana CyxaHfiaeB, tot, KOTopuft noBTopna 6ec- cMepTHbi0 noaBHr AaexcaHapa MaTpocoBa, mncaa b peaaxiiHio 212

«KH3UJi scKep aKHKaTH» («KpacHoapMeiicKasi npaoAas): xcwy *HTb, x o iy noCeaaTb apara, xo'iy 6op<rrbca 3a 'HoewS pac- usei Moefi Poa»Hbi. Ho, earn mpMAercH yiMepeTb, a cyiMeio y>Me- peTb, KaK pyccKHfl repofi AjieKcaH/ip MaTpocoB, hto6m peaaKUHa .naaaxcKoft cppoiiTOBOfi TaseTH Mor.ua nacaTb Moefi MarepH: «Bam cbm A rajrm i Cyxa«6aeB lecrao B unoaH M ciboS aojit inope.1 POAHHOfi>. OpoHTOBaa ra3cra «K h3hji acxep aKHKaraa («Kpaciioap- MeficKaa npaBAa*) 17 okthCph 1944 rojia nucajia o tom, >ito ArajiHJi Cyxan6aeB npa npopuse CHJibHO ynperuieHiioS nojiocti HaMeuiKoft 06 opohhi «a .nojrcTyjiax * BoctotboS npyocwH ihobto- pH.n OeccMepTHbiii nojraHr AneKcauapa MarpocoBa. Bo BpeMH aTaKH oh cbohm tmom JioracHJi aroHb BpawecKoro JTyjieMeTa « 3thm oSeoneiH.a yenex CBoeMy nojpa3jiejieHHio. Oraxo 6biTb, cyjib6a h HCiop»H KasaxcKoft ^poiiroBoft neia- TH fiHJia CBSI3aHa C AHHHOS JKIT3HbIO H WCTOpHefl IXOflBHrOB BOH- HOB Ka3aXOB. Pa3A&iiHH paaocTb bohhob Ka3axoB no noBo.iy Buxoaa 4>poH- TOBbix raseT Ha Ka3axcKOM H3HK6, ojuih H3 RpyraefluiHX nojra- THiecKHX jiesrrejieS naprHH H BoanHTaTCJiefi co®encKHX bohhob A. JHep6aKOB ua rtpHOMC pai6oTHHKOB KaaaxcKOii (ppoiiTOBofi ra­ se™ «K h3hji acKep aHHRara* («KpacHoapMe9cicaH npaBAa») aaji yxasaiHHH, kotophmh pyKOBOACTBOBaxHCb paGoTHHKH peaax- Uhh Ka3axcK0H (ppoi'TOBoft ne>iarH. Oh rcffiopa.i: «Ka3axcwHe (ppoiiTOBbie ra3eTH He tojimso 6jih3kh cbohm HHTaTejiiHM— boh- naM xasaxaM no coaepikaHHio h jrocTynHH, ho h noiiHTHbi hm no H3MKy. KaHCAaa cTaTba, Kaocflaa 3aMeraa, cJje.ibeTOH, onepK, cthxm, inySjraKyeMbie ib othx ra3erax, awdmhh fitJTb ibhooko- HAeftiibiMH, caaepHtaTejibHbiMH h nejieyCTpeMJieHHUMH, a Kaxc- Aoe cjiobo b ra3ere hchmm, tomhmm, npaaAHBbiM h aoxoahh- HeoKOJibKO iiiosjtHee, wpoMe fliepeHMWieHHbix, jronojiHiHTexbHO crajiH BhixoAHTb Ha Ka3axcKOM H3HKe cjieayiomHe raaeTbi: icpac- HoapMeflcKan ra3eTa I BenopyccKoro $poHTa — «Kw3bui Ap- mhh» («KpacHaa A pmhh» ) , KpacHoapMeflcKaa ra3eTa 2 Eexopyc- CKoro cppoiiTa — «MaflaaH aKHnaTM» («<J>poHTOBa>i npaBfla»), KpaoHoapMCMcKaH ra3eia I IlpHCajiTHft'OKoro (JipoHTa — «>Kay- pa Kapcu aTTaH» («Bnepea Ha Bpara»), KpacHoapMeftcKan ra3e- Ta 2 flpHCaJiTHHCKoro (ppoHTa — «>CyBopoBiiibi» («CyBopoBeu»), KpacBoapMeiScKaa ra3eTa 3 ynpanraoKoro 4>poiiTa (panee lOro- 3anaAHbift cfipoiiT) — «Cobct xcaybiHrepi* («CoBeTCKHfi bohh>), KpacHoapMeiteKaa ra3eTa 4 YnpaHHCKoro $poHTa — «CTaJiHH Tyw» («CTajiMncKoe 3HaMH»), HpacHoapMefioxan ra3era Box- xoBCKoro (JipoHTa — «Ot3H ymiH ypucKa» («B 60S 3a P oah- 213

Hjr»), KpacHoapMeiicKaa ra3era .HajiraeBOCTOTOoro 4ipoHTa'— «XIa6b!Ji» («Tpe80ra»). rJiaoHHM nojiHTH*iecKHM ynpaBJieHHCM BaopyweHHbix cm CoBeTCKoro Coi03a Ha K33axcxoM a3bixe H3aaBaJica tYriniii 6jiokhotu» («Bjioxhot amaTopa»). Kasaxcxue «ppoHToBwe raaeTU c nepBoro we Jinn Bbixoaa b CBex 6turn TpHgyHoft CofiuoB, xoMaiunpoB h noaHTpaCoTHHKOB Ka3axoB, Tpafiyuofi Ooesoro onma. C hx crpanBH npH3biBHO 3By- tajih npexpacHhie 6cwibuieaHCTCKHe caoBa— sa PewHay, aa KoMMyHHCTHiqecKyio napnsno, ©nepea k no6eae. Ee petaaKTHpo- Ba.iH, rmcaaH, o^ opmjihjih canaara, cepwaHTbi, o(J)Huepu xa- 3axm. Sun ra3eTH 6ujih opranoM cnaeu ih .OeocMepTHbix noaBii- roB bohmob Ka3axoB Ha (ppoirrax OTeqecTBCHHOfi boAhu, hx Te- Moft 6u.i Coii, jnojUH s <5oio, ixoropHe cpawajracb c ©paioM sa cauwa.iiHcimecKyio Paanny. Astop nepeaHeraa noauiHBKH 10 i}>poHToBbix Ka3axcKHX ra- 3er mnoaiiiHBKy 8 rBapaeflcxoiS hmchh retiepaji-Mafiopa IlaH^H- .'lOBa crpejixosoii ahbhshh. Ilawaayfi, HHxoiyia « wurae «e wa- nHcaHo TaK noapoOHO h mhoto o noaBHrax bohhob xasaxoB h hx wvieHax, jpywiSe, naTpHOTH3Me, Kax Ha crpaHiiuax xa3ax- CKHX (JipOHTOBblX Ta3eT. Hx CTpaHHUbI MHODOe ipaccKa3UBaiOT o tom, xax ao&necTHO h caMOOTBepweHHo BoeBaan bohhh xa3ax» Ha (Jiponrax Beauxoft OTMacTBeiiHofi Boifriu. Ha cnpaHHaax sthx ra3eT xopomo bhahbi wepiu hoboto, coBeTcxoro qeaoBexa xa3a- xa, xopomo bh« ho to, xax iiipeo6pa3KJicfi xaaaxcKiHS uapoa sa roiaH CoBercxofi BJiacrH h ixax 6oraT oh 3aMeqaTiyiMihiMH araab- mh, MOTopu-x BocnHraaa ih BMpacraua KoMMyHHCwiecxax iiaip- thh. Hsaamie bochhwx ra3eT Ha (JipoHTax Beaaxofi OreaecTBeH- Hofi’ BoiiHbi «a xa3axcKOM «3MKe npewiae ocero stB.iaeTca apKHM BbipaWCMHeM .TeHHHCKOfl tHaitHOHa.'lblHOil nOJIlHTHKH, Kwrapax He TOJibKo Boapojmaa Ka3axoKMfi aapiow, ho ih yKpeimna ero sikoho- MHqecxyK), noaHTHHecxyio h Boennyw mouu>h BoenHTaaa ero b ayxe ejHHCT®a« jho6bh k PojHme, o ayxie coiwiaaHCTJBiecxofi «a- uHonajibHoH ropjoCTH coBeroxoro Hapoaa. 5>poHTOB«e ra3eTH, aBaa®ui«eca qacTbio xoMMyHHCTHHecxofl nenaTH, 6hjih rpoSHUM opywHeM b <5opu6e c HeiiaBHCTHMM sparoM. BoewHue ra3eTbi soopywa.'iH xawaoro bohhh xa3axa rjiy6oxHM noNHMaHHeM na- mefi ue.iH BoftHU h ue-TH HeMeuxHX HMnepHaaHcroB, pa3T>siCHa- jw, *ito noaabift spar— THTaepoBCKHe pa36ofiHHXiii— sawyMawn npeBpaTHtb CBofioOTwe HapowH CoBeTcxoro Goxraa b pafioB He- M6UKHX noMeUHHKOB H KaBHrMHCTOB. BooniHTaiHiHe HeHa®ncnH k sipairy, mponaraiHiaa Hameft daano- pojsHoft_<x®o6oi®HTe.ibiHo8 Copb6bi, mieapeime s cossiaMHe xpac- HoapMeScxHx Macc TpauBffiHii h naBbixoB yMewofi h repomeoxoft <5opu(5bi c BparoM, npanaranaa bmhkhx TpaajmHH coBercxoro 214

HapoAa 6bijin HeoTjtoHHtoii saaai'reft xaaaxcxHx (jipoHTOBux ra- 3er. J1io6obho coCHpaib h o6o<5maTb onwx napraiiHOH pa<5oxw, rnapoKO ocBemaxb 6oeBoft onux repoera OxeiecTBeiHHoft bohhw, oSyiaTb BoiiHOB Ka3axoB Ha jiyntunx npHMepax cobctckhx boh- hob, mpeacae Bcero bohhob BejiHxono ipyccxoro Hapoaa,— <5ujio OaHOfl H3 OCHOBIHUX SaAal Ka3aXCXHX (jipOHTOBbIX ra3CT. n<WIH- TH»o-BOcnHTaTeJibHasi paftoxa xasjaxicocHx bo&hhux rasex saxa- anjia ayx bohhob Ka3axOB, ytcperuiajia hx Bepy b noGeny h bo- jiio k no6eae, yMHOwa.xa chjiu bohhob Ka3axoB pasBHBajia b hhx viKX5oBb « opyaamo, k CBoeft HacmH, BHy.uiajia ®epwocrb bosh- Hoft n.pHcsrre. Bee sto maswiocb uikojtoS caBefPCKorio nanpiHOnn3Ma a.nn bohhob Ka3axoB. Ka3axcKHe (J>poHTOBtje ra3eru oaejiajin see ana Toro, htoCu KaatAbiH 6oeu oco3Ha.i, c k3khm jkoctokhm h nojuibiM BparoM mw cpawa.THcb, KaKaa cepte3Han onaCHOcxb yrpooxana uarnefl PoAHHe, He3a®HcHMOCTH, OBoSoae, cymecTOOBaHHio Kaxaaoro co- BemcKoro napoaa. KoMMyHHCXH’ieoKaa 4,P°I1T0®aH no’iaxb cbokj patferry erpoHJia Ha (jjaKxmecKHx MaxepHa.iax iapyjK6w Haipo- jb» , ejH/HciBa Hapoiaa, MaiccaBoro repon3Ma ih kojijiokxhbhhx noa»nroB coBercKHX bohhob, oo®epmeHHHX bo aMa Hauieft no- 6ena Haa BparoM. KasaxoKHe BoeHHwe raaeTw Ha none 6oh, Ha jkh-bnx npn- wepax WH3HH yiH.XH bohhob Ka3axoB 6e33aBexHOMy cJiysceHHK) Poanae. KpacHoapMeiieKaa ra3exa Boaxoaoxoro (jjpOHxa «Maft- aan aKHKaTbi* («OpoHxoBan npasaa*) 3 (J>eBpaaa 1943 roaa micajia: «KaaaxcKHfl aapoa c apeaHMx BpeMeiH MewaJi o cbo6o- ae, o cnacTJiHBOH Poahhc. HaxoHeu, oh BMecxe co cbohmh 6paxb- hmh — HapoaaMH Co®ercxoro Cox>3a — non pyxoBoaexBOM Kom- MyHHCTHiecxoft napxHH aoOhjioi hx. BawnaH 0xrai6pbCKaa eo- UKaaHCTHaecxaa peBo.xioniia BosponuJia Ka3axcxnH Hapoia. H Teriepb, ixonaa aro cnacTbe 3aaoesaHo, iHeMeiwto-^aauHCTOXHe 3a- XBariHKH xotht BwpsaTb aro H3 pyx TBoero Hapoaa, ohh xo- THT CHOBa SpOCMTb CTOIBipa'tjCTBO KaTJHTaaHCTlOB « nOMeiUHKOB*. Pa3iBiHiBaa a™ immcjih laaabme, ippaHTOBue iraseTH yxaswBaaiH, hxo jiHTJiepoBCXHe i6a«ttHxw bokiiot bo hma saxBana ayaoix 3eMaab, nopafiomeHMa ay*Hx i»aipoao®. A eoBercKae bomhu opawaioxica so « m« 3auiiHTbi pojwoii sewm , ®o mma iaao6o,iu h He3aiBiH!aHiMocxiH Hamei? P oahhm. yxaaiJBaa aa onpiaiBeinf»HffiHe, ooBoSoAjHTe-ibWbie uejtu boAihw, xaaaxcjote 4 lPOHTOBbie traseTW BOCHHXblBajIH y BOHHOB Ka3aXOB BbICOXHfl MOpaJIbHblft 06/1HK H BbrauBajiH y ihhx 'Hobhabihihwfi inoiateM eoBeTCKoro .nanpOTOxiira- Ma. BocaiHTbiBaa bucokhh naTp>HOTH3M na npnMepe Ko.xJiexxwB- HHX HOABlHrOB COBeXCXHX BOHHOB, TaSeXH CBS3bIBajIH 3aiUiHxy aaBoOBaHHft BejiHKOii OKXaCpbCKoft counaxHCTHHeicicofl peso- 215

jiiouhh c orcTaHBaiiHeM cBofioau h He3asHCHM0ctH Bcex Hapo- noa CCCP b 6opb6e npoTHB rai.iepoBCKHX saxBaTHHKOB. B cra-Tbe Ka3axcKoft (Jipohtobo0 raae™ «CyBopoBaiibi» («Cy- BopoBen*) «Ohh orcTamajiH 3aBoeBaHHa Okth6p» , ony6an- KooaHHOH 3 xjxerapajia 1943 retaa, ixroapiBTQH: «...Botho 6yaeT M i b b naMara Hamero Hapoaa 6eccMepi- Huii jioaBW 28 rBapjieflHeB-naaxpHJiOBue®. CpeflH hhx 6u.th pyc- CKHe, yKpaHHau, Ka3axH, Tarapu. B ahh Bpa«ecKoro Haorynae- bhh na MocKBy 3th aBaaaarb aocflMb repoea 3aHHMaM py6e*. Ha Koiopbifl ®H»yjiincb necHTKH Bpa>K6CKHX tshkob. lapsed- ilhi He apoiiiiyuia, He OTCTymiwiH am wa m a r— mosaaH 4faiaa MocKBa, n©3aaa <5bum sejinKHe 3aBoeBaHHa Okts6p». Ohh naan CMepTbio repoeB, yuHiraacHB 18 TaimoB*. Ha apKHX npHMepax xaaaxcKHe (ppoHTOBbie, apMeficKHe, aa- BH3HoHHHe ra3eTU h SoeBbie .thotkh paecKasbieajiK o Tex ftaa- ropoanux ayBCTBax 6paTcxofi jik>6bh Memay OoftuaMH na3axaMH h fioflaaMH apyrnx napoaoB Hawed cTpanu, KoTopue «a npoTa- meHHH mhofhx .ieT BocnHTUBaaHCb b HauieM Hapoae KoMMy- HHCTHMeoKofi nap-rared. 3 to HepyuiHMoe 'OpaTerao Hapoaos e ycaoBHsix OTexiecrBCHHOfi softiiu jbxthtjio HawBucmero mpeaeaa, Koraa pyccKHe, VKpaHHabi, y36enn, Ka3axn h apyrae turnon k ■njic'iy oTcramiBa.TH lectb, eBoSojy ih iresaBMOHMoctb CoBercRoro Coi03a. B yicaoBiHHX weeTOMux 6ocb c «eMeii«nM $ami(3MOM yiepenMact nx teesa* utpywSa « aosepiie apyr « apyry, npase- paaacb npeiaaiHHccTb Kamaoro Hapoaa coBeroKofi' PoaiiHc, napnw. TeMa SoeBofl a p y * 6H Meway bohhbmh Ka3axaMH h bohh3- mh apyrax HaujHoHajiwHocTeii we cxoa«aa co crpamm Kaaaxc-imx BoeHHbix ra3eT. B ot hto nacaji a KasaxcKoii. <j>poHTOBod ra3eie «CyBopoBuiu» («CyBopoBea») b HOMepe 3a 27 aenaSpa 1941 ro- aa Madop Posob: «Ohh oiKH.iHCb c 6oeBofi oScTaiHOBKoS, c THJKeauMH noxoiaa- MH, OiraCHOCTflMH IppOHTOBOH XCH3HH. B CeMbe BOHHOB Ka3aX— xopourad TOBapHiu. Ero jiioCht 3a fiecxHTpocraoe cepaue. 3a apy- weawCHbifl xapam-ep, 3a xcasyio aK>6o3HaTeabHOCTb h hoctohh- noe Hte.iaHHe npHawi Ha BBipytKy TOBapniuy b onacsyio MHHyTv. B 6ok>c m Ka33XCTa«a— ieccTpaurHwii, aepaimfl a 0TBa*Hhiii B oaHOM H3 6oeB Sbi.i panes apTHaaepHCT-HcrpefiHTejib rBap- aeeu Apxafiaea. Ero npmiijiacb ornpaBHTb b rocnaTaab. C Tex nop 3a6oTofl paneHoro 6odaa eraao He noTepHTb CBH3b c poa- hmm noapa3ae.ieHHeM. CwymaHCb, oh wpooht ceeTep qepx- HyTb 3a Hero napy chob rooapHmaM. CaM oh He saaa«eT erne pywaMH. Omeru mipHxoaHaH aacro. Q hih ayauie bchkhx ae- KapcTB noMora.TH Ooftiiy CopoTbca c 6ojie3iibio. fleHb, xonaa ApxaCaes sepiiyacsi e aaerb, craa aura ®cero noapa3aeaeH«a 216

npaaSiHHKOiM. H , xonaa oh b oawom ih3 ojkcctohghhmx 6oeB »Me- cre co cbohim ipatHeTOM jio®6iHJi np« Taexa, ohhcthb uiopory cie- xoTe, u ipeiUHJi mcxoa cpasReroiH, ewy wasaaocb, mto oh sthm ixmiuco rwiaTHT TOBapnmaM 3a hx 3a6oTy o hom. 3a 3tot 6ofl aprejwiepHCT ApxaCaeB 6m HarpaxMen op/ie- hom OreHecTBeHRofl boSh m II cTeneaH. OflHawRbi noApa3aMeH»e oxpyjKHJio CoJibiuyio rpyn ny tht- jepoBueB. K ojib uo see 6ojibme o k h m ajiocb, b HeM, x a x CTaao jkhbothhx, MeTajicsi Bpar. FniJicpoBUbi npe/inpHHsiJiH eme oany KOHTpaTaKy, Hanencb OTTHHyrb Mac cboch oiH6ejiH. CepHcaiirry, KOMCOMojbiiy HcsiarynoBy npnni,iocb npHHHTb na ceGa tji aranyk> cwjiy ytaapa Bpara, nbrraBiiierocH npop®aTb KOJIbUO OKpyjKeHHH. THMepaBHbl HIJIM BO BeCb POCT, rpOMIKO KpHna. HcMaryjioB onomoftHO Wflaji, xoraa Bpar noaoSaeT 6jih- sxe. 3 to Chijia yao6Haa Mmu&Hb. B oAlim h cepwaHT eaBa ycne- BajiH HasKHMaTb crrycKOBwe spiOMKH. ITIbHHbie rHTjiepoBiibi no- nepHyjiH oSpaTHo. Mepe3 HecxoJib'Ko MHHyT Ha nosmuni coBeT- CKHX 6O0HOB /DBHHy.HICb Bpa*6CXMe TaHKH. BOT OAKH H® »HX Jie- 3er npsMo Ha OKon HcMaryjio«a. Boeu npmejiHJiCH H3 npOTHBO- TaHKoeoro oipyaiHH <n BucrpejiHJi. Tarax sanbuia-n. 3 to 6 ha a no- cjiejitHH KOHTpaTaKa rHT.iepoBUOB. K BCiepy xoabno BOKpyr BpaxcecKoft nacre coMKHyjiocb oKOH'iaTejibHO. 3 a OTBary h My- wecxBO cepacaHT HcMaryjioB 6twi HarpawmeH opaeHOM Oiaisbi III cTeneHH. T axae flpyjw6a y«rraHOBHJiacb MeoKjy apTHJUiepH- ct3 mh opyflHfiHoro paciera McMa<ryjioBa h noapa3A*eaeiihem Te- post Cobctckoto Cow3a AurrauiMHa. IIoapa3aejieHHio tob. AcTauiHHa ripeacTosuio npopsaTb CHJib- Hyio o6opiowwrejiHHyK) mcwiocy npoTHiBHUtxa. HcMaryjioB eme m HacryjiJieiMHH nray^nui MecTHoerb, inyra moaxoffla, eaacenui oriHe- Bbie hosmshh Jinn opyanft h pasBeaa.'i onopHue oraeBbie tomkh npoTWBuMHKa. H a pacesere nexoTHHiiw noiujia b HacTymieHHe. B.MecTe c hhmh uijih m apTHjuiepHCTbi pacneia HcMaryaoBa. B h - crpo aoSpaJiHCb ao hcxoahoto hjih arana nyiHKTa, ho cTpeJixaM npaiiMOCb sa jietb , Tax xax oncpunH oroHb BpasecKHe nyaeMei- MHKH. H Tyr apTHAJiepHCTb! flOAHCHU Cbl.lH BbipyMHTb neXOT-y H3 3aTpyaHHTejibHoro noaoaceHHH. flepBufl, BTopofi, TpernS 3aarr... 3aMojiK oahih H3 rHTJiepoBCKHX nyjieMeTO®. Eme sajin — yHHMTo- HceH BTopofl nyae.MeT. IlyTb otkpht. C rpoMKHM kphxom «ypa» rBapaeftubi-nexoTHHiibi nouran a araxy. H cHOBa xoMawna HcMa- ryjiOBa: — OpynHe « a urepeflOK. 3a inexorofi Mapui!— cxoMawroBaa HcMaryjioB. rflT.'iepOBUH, BblSpaiB yAOfiHUH 'MOM0HT, inOHIJlH IB o 6XOH IH XM- HyjiHCb k opynjHio HoMaryjiOBa. H o apnHAJiepiHCTbi « e AponHyJiH. HeMary.TOB caiM BCTaji k opyajHK) m ib ynop paocTpe.nmaJi BiparoB. 217

BparH OpocMHCb Hasan. ho nepen orneBofi no3Huaeft OTBawHux apmiaepHCTOB ocraaocb 30 TpynoB (J)amncTCKnx caiinaT*. A bot apyirofr irpHMep, o xoropoM ipa«aca3HBaaoCb Ha crpa- HHiiax (ppoHTOBoii ra3exbi «Kbi3bin acKep aKHKaTU® («Kpac- noapiieHOKaH npasga®) : «CjjyxnJW asa npyra b ojjiom ncwncy — BacHnafi ry 6no h Kypra« Banrapoii — yapairaeu h xa3ax. 06a BMpoom Ha eren- hom npHBoabe, non (mhhm h icm wee coJinueia Ka3axcTaHa, b OHHOM H TOM x e K0JIXO3e. TpynHo cKa3aTb, Kama Bnepobie 6bi.no npoHaiieccHo c-iobo «6paT» h KOMy npMHauMexan iiohhh — Baotunw v m KypraHy. Ho a cpenii SparhCB «e Bcerga 6btBaer Tanaa Bpennaa npasa- 3aHnocTb, Taxaa ropman apyac6a... IIie.7 608 3a rocnoncTByiomyio Han MecrHOcrbio Bucory, a neibipe pa3a ikohuhs nepexonana hb pyn ® pyKH. Korna no- 6ena nepeuwa «a nauiy CTopony, cnpaBa HeoxwnaHHo 3acrpo- im (pattiMcrcKHii nyjieMei. Tyfino cxBamn rpa»aTy h Ha BHay y npoTHBHHKa nonon3 k nyaeMery. flpyroro suxona He 6hjk>. Oh yenen uiBupHyTb rpanaiy b ny.ieMeT'iHiKOB. /Ipyraa opana- Ta ociaaacb 3a*arofl b npaooB ipyxe KpacHoapiMeiiua. Bpasce- CKaa nyna cpaanna repoa... Ca.ibHO ropesan KypraH. B stot 'nenaabHuB seaep oh tin­ ea;! iMicb.Mo MaTepH: «Maxia, y .Mewa aiyiwKoe mope. B <Sok>,narn{> Baca, moh nya- ujtHH npyr, aoToporo h t h .ito6njia, Kan ponHoro cuna. 3aafl, hto (paniHctaM a 3necb Ha (jiponte OTOMiuy. Ohh MHe nonaaTarca 3a Bacra. Ho y npyra ocraaacb xena h nnoe neiefi. yreuib hx b rope. rioMoraB k m . y «ac ecTb a»e Kopoau, omafl on«ty Bacn- noB %eHe». 4*poHTOBaa ra3eia «>{<ayFa napcbi arran® («Ha Bpara®) nii- cana: «...HaiUH aTatcosanH HeMeuKHfi roponoK. Bee nova h ca- pan b HeM 6uan nocrpoeHbi H3 KapnHaa h KaMHefi, npacnaco6- jieHu k o6opoHe. <J>aiiMCTbi ynopno conpoTHBnanHeb. Bpar ny- ctoiji « xon MKHoMeTbi, apiui.ijiopHK*, KpoTHiBOTaMxosbte pywbH H nyjieMeTM. Ha npasoM tjviaiBre iaeficraaBaji mynaMeroufl pac- ieT cepjKaHra BapaHOBa. BtopbiM HoMepoM nyneMeniHKa dun BaflxofflKaeB. PaHH.io BapaHOBa, oh ynan, o6nHBaacb KpaBbio, 3aTe»s noaiinncH, npH-iuiiya « nyaeniery, ho Hawarb raanemy He omot. BaBxoajKaea mpHuien «a moMomb npyry, neipewec ero b ynpuTHe. H bot CHOBa saroBopiM inyuieweT. iHanapow BaoHjmfi o6yqa.i CBoero npyra. BafixonwaeB npeKpaoHo SHan MaiepHaJibHyio qacTb ny.ieMOTa h 6acrpo ycrpaHH-i noMexiy. BeccTpauiiibiH bohh oTKpbM yparanHbifl oroHb h 3acTaaiHn rHTJiepo®ueB 3aMon<iaTb h 3a.neib. BoBhh, BoonymeB.ie»ibie npHMepoM otBaoKHoro nyne-

MeMHKa, GpocHJiHCb Bnepea. IToumh b xoa rpaHaTw a ihthkh. KpacHoapMeftubi oBAaA&flH HeMeuxjiM ropoinxoM h pwHyjiHCb AaAbuie...* Bo.iMiioe BoonaTarejibHoe SHaieuHe hm&/ih MaTepMaJiu, koto- pue nocTOiiHuo neiaTajmcb b Ka3axcKax <}>poHTOBhix raseTax o reposix Ot ©hecTB©hhoh bobhu. Ha CTpaHHuax ra3er qacro mo>k- HO 6UJ10 BHACTb nOpTpeTbl OTAHHHB’IUHXCH b 6onx HpaCHOapMeft- HeB H KOMaHAHpOB. OpoHTOBan rasera «CyBopooMiibi» («Cy»opoBen») ikxapo6ho paccKa3biBa;ia o noasitrax mpocjiaBJieHHbix AO*tepefl xaaaxcxoro HapoAa — MamnryiK MaMerafloS h Ajiiau Ma-iAairyaoBofl. Tasera «Kbi3bia ApMHH» («Kpacnaa ApMHH») noKa3a,ia repoeB nocJieA- hmx aaBepaiaiouiHX <5oee, cpeaH KOTopbix yqacrotHK urrypMa Bep- JiHHa XaiMHA iKoShkoib. O CeocMeptabix tnoABHrax 28 rapoeB-inaat{>nacmtieB, AjieacaH- Apa MaTpoooBa, IOpaa OwpaiuBa, Ma-niHxa Ta6.ayA.riMHa, Kap- cbifiaa CnaTaesa, TaaraTa BerejibjiHHOBa, Ceprea Jlyraw cxoro a Apyrax iMoxflHo wran> « a CTpaHiHuax KaacAoii xa3axoxo8> 4>poH- TOBoft ra3eTH. noABHTH repoeB h Apyrnx OTBajKHNX bohhob xa- 3axoB, ihx repoHSM, mx motth, mx ®ooAyAiesjieiHHe B 6cxph6e sa PoAHHy — 3-ro repoHHecKHe 'CTipaiwHUbi ocasaixioKofi iBoemHofl nena- th. Koroa KaaaxcKaa <j>poHTOBaa ira3era iwcaaa o nanpinioTH9Me, o ak>6bh k PoAHHe, OHa OBaaaeBa.na AyMaMH thchh bohhob xa- 3axoB « ocTaBJia.Ta rayfSoaafluiHe icjieAH b co3HaH.nn imhiofhx \"hh- Tare.aeii. iMearaa o Kaipbeipe yneHoro,— imcaji Boeraihiii acyp- HajiHcr ByjmbmiieB,— cra.i coAAaraM, >iTo6bi cpaacarbca 3a Te6a, 3a warn Boctox, sa aarny Poamiy. C 'mucamo o Poawhc a ooftAy yrpoM ® i6ofi». Ka3axoxHe (ppoHT.oabie ra3eTH ocBemajiH He toai»ko xoa, ho h nepcnexTHBu BeAHxoii OTeiecTBeHHofl bohhh. Ka3axcKaa ^powroBaa h ahtbhsh aim as meMaTb BocnHTHBa- Aa y BOHHa xa3axa nyBCTBo ropAoctH 3a repoHiecxyio CoBeT- cxyio ApMHto, 3a oboio Morynyro coBercxyio PoAHHy, 3a cboA Poaho0 xpaft, TAe oh poAHJica » Bupoc, iyte *HByT ero pOAHbie — oTeu, MaTb, >KeHa, acth, Apy3bH h 6jiH3KHe. «Kax<AbiH pa3,-- nuca.aa 1 OKTaSpa 1943 toa ^pOHTOBaa ra3eTa «MaiiAaH aKH- Kara» («<t>poHTOBaa npaBAa»),— xorAa noAUMaeTca coAHue Has noAaMH cpa*eHH0, BarviaHHre Ha Hero h sonoMHMTe oboio CT.pa- Hy. BcnoiMBHTe ee BHCOKoe h iH croe Hefio, npHBOAbHbie xapxa- paAHHCKHe CTenH, npoapawHhie crpyH HpThmia, aAbnaitcxHe A-y- ra AATaa, jr&noHeBbie caAfai AAMa-Arbi. BonoM«HTe awm cbohx onaroB, MorHAbi npeAKOB, 3apeBo orHeft HaA HauiHM.ii 6onaTbiMH ropoAaMH h noxAHMHTeeb nofieAHTb, n o fe ja m bo hto 6h to hh JXjih nAoaoTBopHoft Aeate-ibHocxH xa3axcxHx <J>poHTOBbix ra- 219

sex Ghjih coaaaBu see HeoGxoaHMbie ycnoBHa. HaGop a oeper- Ka rasei a jiwctobok, kbk npaamio, ,npon3®onnaacb b barose, rpiyaOBofi Maimtue, aaroGyce. B nepswe Mecanu bohhu Ana sa- Gopa a BepcTKH ra3eT HonoJib3oBaJiHCb pafionHue, a Tam e ro- poacaoie nitnorpa^aa, «axoaHBni'Heca aeAancKO ot <)>poHTa. 3k- cneaHTapu aacTeft Ha no'iTOBbix Maumnax flocTaBjBMH ra3era aa nepeaoBbie jihhhh (j>poiiTa, rae Gh hh Haxoammcb lacm b noapa3ae.ieHH'H: aa Maprne, b nacrynncHHH, b oSopoHe. Kaxaaa peaaKiiHfl HMCJia CBoe paano a obocto panucra, KOTopuS b jiio- Gux ycaoBHax oGeone'eraa.i ipeaaKimio ececoiosiHOB, peanyGjffl- KaHCKoft, MewayaapoAHoft HH<()opMau»eft. Zina paGoru b peiaaKUHax ra3er napTaa HanpaBHJia jiyamax acypHanacTOB Ka3axoB a apyrnx npencTaBHTenefl HHTeJiJiHreH- ubh KaaaxcTaHa, KOTopue CTana pena kto pamh , BoemHUMH «cop- peonaHfleHTaMH Ka3axcHHXBoemiHX r-aser. Muoniie n3 corpyaHH- kcxb peaaKUHfl eme ao boShu paGoTajm imcaTen»MH h JKypaa- nHcraMH. Ho Boftiia npeaMBHJia HOBHe, Gojiee wecTKHe TpeGo- BaHBH k nHcaTenflM h McypHanncTaM. CGop boghhoto MaTepnajia, oGpaGoTKa KpacHoapMeftcKHx nnceM, CBsi3b c aacTHMH, Bbinycx ra3eT b noxoaHbix noneBux ycnoBHax Ghjih jtfiJioni HeoGuiaii- WHM, HOBbIM H HejierKHM. OaHaKO 9TH HeGblBajIbie TipyflHOCTH He HcnyraaH kojuickthb K0MMynHCT0B-ra3eTHHK0B, BoeHHue *yp- HanHCTH Ka3axH cywenH no-BoeimoMy Gucxpo noaTHHyxbca. B Hanpa«eHHoft paGoxe ohh npnoGpeiaJiH noBue HaBHKH h ocBa- HBanHCb c SocBoii aeaxeJibHocxbio, Myxcann nan bohhu h pocjw xaK BoeHHue xcypHajmcxu. TonbKo 3a xpu uecima ra3exa «Ku- 3wn acaep aKHKaras («KpacHoapMe0cKa« npaBaas) noMecmia 6onee 520, a rasexa «GyBopoBiuu» («CyBopoB©u») — 560 exa- Tefl-3aMeTOK KpacHoapMeflaeB. PaGorHHKH penaKUHfi, cosaasaa nacbMeHHyio hctophkj noa- BHrOB bohhob Ka3axoB, npouuiH cnaBiiufi GoeBoii nyrb ot Mock- bh ao Boctoihoh ripyccHH, ot Cxajim irpaaa ao BeJirpaaa, ot KaeBa ao Separata h Hpara. B KpacnoapMeiicKHX nranena-x, c aBTOMaTaMH b pyicax iiuih BoeHHue xypnajiH cxu Ka3axa aepe3 GoJioia h Jieca, cnajm noa orapuxuM neGoM, yxacTBOBaJiH b Go- ax, racanH cboh KoppecnoHaemiiia b oaonax, GjiHHaaxax, b ox- uphtom none. Hepegrao ohh Gujih naa omew, ho sanaran pe- aaxmiH buiiojihhjih b cpoK. JKypiiajincxu — Tepofi CcaeTcxoro Coio3a M. TaGaynjiMH, .Maiiop E. E.Tb-qHGeKOB, noanoJiKOBHHK C. BaameB, Maiiop K. UIapnnoB, crraputHii aefireifaHT B. ByjiKU- uieB, KanHTau T. MycaxynoB, Kanarau CaruHauKOB h apyrae — BMecTe c CoHixaMii nepeaoBofi jihhhh, c opy*neM b pyKax oTpa- xanH (jjaiHHCTCKHe naneru. PaGoTHHKH KasaxcKHX4>Pohtobhx ra3eT, Haxoaach «a nepejo- Bofi jihhhh, HenoepeacTBeHHo cBa3UBajiHCb c Oohiumh, MJiaauiH- 220

BoeHHuB wyp.HaJiHCT Bay<5eK Byjmbunco mh KoMaiiAHpaMH Ka3axaMH b OKone, SJiHHAajKe, y Taiiica hah opyAHa, naxoAHismeroca Ha onieBoft no3mitn. Iloarony hsuk 4>pohtobhx ra3e r <5uji mwBo0, cxpacTHhift a >0Ka3hiBa.i Ha MHTa- T&na cii.ibHoe B03aeficrBne. B 1942 h 1943 rojiax w jiu ynopHue «5oh « a yaacrjcax 3anaa- Horo, Ka.BHHHUKKoro, JleHHurpaACKOro (fpoHTOB. Hace.ne»Hh[e nyHKTw, rocnoACTByiomae ibmcotw nnTaepo»ua.MH Chjih lipeapa- meHH 3 iM-ouiHHe y3.iH conpoTiHiBAeMHa. KappecnoHiteHThi Kaaax- ckhx traser sthx 4>Pohtob, KaxoAiMHCb ,b nepeaoBwx inoapa3ae- ae.HHax, «[rporpbiaaiomMX» apawecxyK) o6opcmy. BMecre c araaH- 221

rapflHMMH 'lacraMH omh bxoahjih ib HaceJieHnue nytacm, ynacTBO- BajiH b 6oax 3a rocnoACTayioiUHe bwcoth, nochiJia™ n pejaxiiHiH Marep«ajiu o reponx ;6oeib. Rot OTpuawH ih3 ormcajMi! othx (6oe- sbix bihisoaob, iitaineiafr-aMHue ®o <J>paHTO®bix raserax: (tOceuwo 1942 roaa iujih tiou b paflOH« Paceoa 5 nacoB noa- ■ pnA,— iracaji BoewHufi KoppecnonaeHT, AeftTeHairr K- Hypxia- xaMfieTOB.— KpacHoapMeeu Ta6bMAbiKQB, A B a xa u paneHHUH, on6«Baa aTaxy Bpara, aaHHMaa oTBoeBannyio seMJiio, inoxHTyio- ero jcpoBbio h xpoBbio ero '(SoeBhix TQBapHiueft. Oh yiiOTTOMHfl 8 rHTJiepoBneB « 2 nyjieMeTHHe toikh*. «4>aiuHCTCKoe 3aepbe,— iwca.ii jspyrofi bochhuS KoppecnoH- aeHT, Maffop C. MauiaKOB,— ipasopwB cejio, 3aJins ero xpoBbio MHpHbix *HTejiefl, OKonajiocb h pacnojiajKMJiocb ib HeM, « a x b KpenocTH. MwHya ®ce aaicjtOHbi, b aBeponHHft jiarepb Bopsajiaicb- rpynna Coiiuon non KOManaoft cTapuiero cepwaHTa AGjiax Ky- AaflCeprenoBa. Boft 6u ji ■wcctok, ho 'KopoTOK. Cpaay yMOJrKJiH Tpn yiiiwTcoKeHHbix apawecKHx 'nyaeiMeTa, 20 rHT.iepoBCKHX Mep- aaiBueB iiaiiwH cbok> Monuiy. Jl'oC.iecTb m MyweCTiBO ■nposM.'i komaiHAHp onaauewHa rsap - ahB cTapiiwa cepwaHT KyaaftfiepreHOB. O h 6tJJi Tsoxano paHeH, « nHTjiepoBCHHe bbtcxmaTHiHKHntiTaJimcb B3HTb ero b jisieH. Tepofi KyaaMapraHt®, oo&pa'B see oboh ohjiu m in.p-aBOSMoraa 6oJib, KpHKHyJi: <rBapaetobi yiMMpaioT, mo iHe caaKrrcH»,— Kopor- Kofi oaepewbio M3 aiBToMara oh ymfHToxcHJi o6 «hx rwwie- paBueB*. B <}>eBpajie—MapTe 1943 roaa uijih ynopiHHe 6oh b pafioHax rwarexa, CuieBKH h Ba3bMH. B pesyjibTarc 3th>: 6oeB HautH Boficxa a inepiBbix iwcaax wapra 1943 roaa oc®o6omn.niH PweB, r^KaTCK, CbweBKy, BasbMy. Bot hto o6 sthx 6ohx paccKa3biBaa rBapAHH KanHTan AjieKceeB: «Xpa6po cpaaca.Bca c HeMeoKO-^auiHCTcKHMH 3axBaTwiixa,MH MyjKecTBeHHufi xaaax, raapaHH cepotcaHT AjiHMKaH Cbi.ibTaeB. Otjihhho H3y*HHB opyAHe, cepwaHT 6es npoMaxa 6hji ,H3 wero He®a®HeiHoix) ®paira. 3a spens HMHeuiKHx 6oe® oh ywOTTOHOHJi iCouiee 20 runviepOBOKHX cojeastm o<{«HuepoB, 2 opyjtiitf, HeoKOAMCo nyjieMeToa h .apyiroe Boopyace»He ■npoTHBHHKa. 3a MywceciBo h oraary iBOpHbiS cmh Ka3axcKoro matpoiaa AjiniMKam CbMbTaeB Ha- rpaacaeH MeAa.i«Mn: «3a iSoeBbie 3ac.iyrH» h «3 a oTsary*.1 «..jTIoApa3AeaeHHe Hoanjio b Harryruiemie,— xracaxa 15 $eB- pa.ia 1943 roAa (ppoHTOBaa Ka3axcKaa ra3eTa «K u3hji acKep aKHK3Tbi» («KpacHoapMeftcKaa npaBAa*),— Bpa*ecKHii nyae- MeT OTKipbl.l H3 JIOUTHHU igeiUPHHH orOHb. BoopyHCHBIHHCb BHH- CipoHTOBaa raaera «CyBopoBinu» (<CysopoBeii»), 1943, 6 uapra.

TOBKofi M rpauaTOft, Cai6HT Kofi6aeB iioji3kom npoaBHHyjica K BpasKeoKoMy myjieMeTy a myata BbicnpeJiaMH yHHHTOjKHji ero pacieT. CaSirr KofiGaeB 3a xpaGpocTb h wyacecTBo 6mji Harpaw- neH Meaajibio «3a 0T»ary». HeaaBHO OTAejieHHe CaGma KoiiGaeBa roTOBHJiocb k aTaixe. Bpar sjioGho h ooxecroTeHRO oonpoTHBJin.icsi, He *enan ycTy- naib 3aHHThix 'no3HUHft. Onaeaerae KoftGaeaa pHHyjiocb Biiepea. yaapaMH irupMwiaAa CaGuT KoftGae® ojviyrawi m y x (fcaumcTOB, uiTbiKOM 3aKOJi<wi rppeTbeno, saT9M yMiHaroMoui eme T.pex coa- ja i\\ KOTopwe Hanaan «a Hero. CepacaHT KoftGae® np-OHBH.i ceGa e 9tom 6ok>KaiK GeccrpauiHUH isoHH ih ero HarpaAHJm opaeaoM KpacHofl sBeaabi. OOTajKflbi CaGHT KofiGaeB b in cjie 12 apyrax GoimoB ara- KOBaa apa*ecKyio Tpamueio h BopBaaca Tyaa inepBWM. H a aero aaGpocHaacb aea THWiepoBita. HepBoro oh yGna, y BToporo bm- Gha BHHTOBKy H3 pyX, a 33TCM inpBKOHHfl.l H 6T0. B 3TO BpeMS? Ca6HT KoGaeB yBHAea cMepTeabHO paHeHoro apyra a nonoa3 k aeMy, htoGu oK33aTb noMoiub. H o h3 apyroft TpaHiuea x HeMy yxe 'noaGHpaaHCb 7 wiTaepoBiieB. He pacTepaBuracb, cepacaaT oropua no « hm oroHb «3 aBTOMaTa, peuiHB ao mocaeaneft MHHy- Tu cpawaTbCH c (JjawHCTaMH, ho He ocTaBaaTb panenoro TOBa- BparH Bee Ganxe h Gamxe noanoa3aaH k bhm. OTBawcHbift bohh Ka3ax ycnea yaoxuTb H3 aBTOMaTa ewe aByx rHTaepoBueB ao toto, KaK Bparxecxasi nyaa cpa3Haa repoa. Oh hothG BMecTe co cbobm TOBapameM, ho ae OTauiea ot Hero hh Ha uiar». Tpyrina xpacHoapMe&ieB,— paccKa3UBaa soeitHbift aoppec- noHaeHT A . Cbi3awKOT,— aexcaaa b Gocbom oxpaaeHHH «a Ge- pery peKH. HcwHoft Mpax oxyraa eeMaio. Ho PaMa3aH OMHp3a- kob BiiaHT aaaeKO. Oh Bupoc b crenn, a cTerife— iunpoKaa. Ero raasa CMonpeaH ®aaab, Tyaa, rae sieGo curmaaeira c 3eMnefi. — r«TaepoBHbi,— Mpomenraa oh ae0TeHa«ry h nonoa3 anepea, k Gepery. Cxopo oh acHO ysaaea aoaxy c aecsrrbio BpaoxecKHMH pa3BeflTOKBjMH. BpOCHTb CB33Ky TpaVSJ — GbUIO AejIOM OAHOfi MHHyThl. PaMa3aH OMhip3aXOB BHAeJI, K3K (jldHTSHOM nOAHHJiaCb BOfla, h b Gpuarax ee MeJibXHynH Teaa <j)amncTOB h aookh .ioa- Ka3axcKHe <J>pOHTOBue rasetu hoctoxhuo nyGaHKOBaJiH wa- repHaau, paccKa3biBaiomHe o napraHHofl jkh3hh noapa3Aene- hh8. B ahh OreaecTBeHeofi boShu oahmm H3 HawGoaee apxax noKa3aTeaeft juo6m iGoStob k KoMMynHCTHaecKoft naipiMH, «x aoBepna k napTHHHOH opramaaiiHH aBaaaocb aceaaHHe ctaTb KOiMMytHHicrraMH. «Moao®ofi 6oeu, GEjauiiHfl koaxoshihk AxHMTafi Mypa.iHeB Ha poanoM xasaxcKOM H3bKe HanHcaji aaaBaeHHe,— HHcaaa naaera «Cy»oipo»uibi»,— «xony hath b Goft ixoMiMyjiH-

ctom. Byiay JipaTbca, «ax acmo6aer aoaay-KOMiMyMHCTy Cobot- ckoh ApMHH. Eca h Mena yfifaiOT, npoury ciHTaTb Mewa KoxtMyHH- ctom». PajoBofl HayiMoa, aMMamaiHjp aiwejieHHs cep*aHT Ka- CMMKyao® b 0.2HQM 6ok) yiHiHTTOJKiHJiiH H3 .nyaeMCTa 21 4>aJua- cxa. /l«uib inocjie 3toto ohm noripacHAM y KOMaaniHipa aacra pe- KOiueHAauHK) ib napTMio*. B 0KTfl6pbCKHC h HoaCpbOKHc ahm, Konaa 8 reapfleftcKaa «Me- hm miep a.i-maflopa IJamjyHAOBa opejrKosaa ah®h3hh aammua- jia MocKBy, ot 6o Ru o b m iKoMaaiOMpoB ^ih‘bm3ihh inocryiniMO 1200 3aaBJieimft c npocbSoft rrpmaTb hx b pa.au napTHH, okoao 2 200 3aaBJieHHii noaaHO o npwaMe b komcomoji. B ahh samara Cra- .raHrpaaa b 73 reapAefioKofi CTaaaHrpajiOKoft CTpeJtKOBoR ahbh- 3MH GuJIO npHHflTO B napTHIO I ' l l 7 OoftllOB H KOMaHJIHpOB H 2 180 B KOMCOtMOJI. RjlH BOCIXHTaHHH y BOHHOB Ka3aX0B COBeTCKOrO naTpH0TH3Ma 6oabmoe 3HaaeHHe HMe.iH aavHbie npimepu KOMMyHHCTOB h kom- coMOJitriieB. BeaaKaa OieaecrBaHHaa ootaa noxasaaa, ito kom- MyHHCTU a KOMcoMoatubi acerAa Gujih b aBaarapae, ohh b ca- mux TpyjHux 6oaoc noKa3UBaaa inpHMepu oTaara a MywecTBa. O rcpo«3Me a jianaoM npawepe KOMMyHHCTa ra3era «0t3h aaMucu yiuHii* («3a iecxb P oahhu») 17 mojia 1943 roaa naca- a a: «rpyrrna namax Gofluoii bo rna»e c noAHTpyxoM PauiaaoM /I>KaHro3HHUM 3amamaaa moct. Oaa aeTupe .pa3a noApw ot- <3aaaaa aTara epara. raraepoBUH oncpyaciaaH moot. CosercKae BOHiHbi ipeuiH.M 3auuiu[aTh lero ao nocaeameft iMWHyrbi OBoefi a®3- M«pe3 HecKoabKo MHfryr «e CTaao KaHuflexa AGaaaBa, HBa- Ha Kopaarmia h ,apyrnx. y * e noGaHaocTH KpHaaxH r.HTaepoB- u u : «3fi, ipycc, caaiBaftca!*. Pamaa XEKamroanH uem yji nocaeji- hioio rpanaiy b Goawuyio rpynny (JiauiHCTOB. «...Hare sa.u, CBoaomw, bot xa« m u caaeMoa!*. Tenepb oh ocTaaca oahh. Horopa.iH Teaa TOBa'pmueft. Haaaaa ropera oaesKaa PaiuHAa. noampyx BUHya hs KapMaiia osofi napTHfmufl CnaeT 3a Ns 3 741 424 h cKaaaa: «Jlpoma8, Moft apairaue«HH0, inpomafl! B nooaewHroio iMHHy- ry *'H3hh a c ropAocraio roaopio o cede: poanaca \"leaoBeKOM, qe- aoBeKOM h yMpy. Bbipoc kOMMyhhct om, komMyhhctom h yiMH- paio. jja 3Apa®OTiByeT aioGHMaa KoMMyjrHCTiHqoC'Kaa napnaa!*, TopaMHe ii HCKpeHHHe caosa, caMonoxeprBOBaHHe pacKpu- saioT inepea «aM « oftpaa Haoroamero KOMiMywiHCTa, BbtpameH- Horo jiapTHeS h icobstokhm irocyaapcrsoM, o<Spa3 yaaBMixyibiiua no CBoefi Aiopaamioft qwcroTe, caae, ctoAkoctih m jiio&bh k P o- itHiHe. PeaaKUHH bochhux xaaaxcKHx ra3eT Muoro BHHMaHHa yaeaa- a « BOCTCHTaHMK) Bblooxofi IO0QHaTeabHOCTIH y (JjipOHTOBHKOB. OHM 224

noMeiua.nn KoppecnoHueHuuH o paGoTe arHTaiopoB, utcuob, 6e- ceuiHKOB, aocnHTHBaioiUHX y coBeTCKHX oohhob npe3peHne K CMepTH, CTpeMuenHe k noQeje bo hto Gh to hh crajio, aaBauH IlOJtCopKy «KoMMyHHCTbI H K0MC0M0.TI.UW JIHUHHM npHMepoM, CTpaCTllblMH So.TbmeBKCTCKHMH CJIOBaMH 'BOCnHTHBafiTe y BOH- hob MyjKecTBo a fieccTpamne b Gop&Ge c aparoM*. neuaraJiH KOHKpeTHwe CTaTbH: «AnrraTop xpacHoap.Meeu AjiHTaeB», «K om- como.t — uiKoua 6oe®oro BociiHTaHHa*, «KoMMyHHcr — Haaeuc- «aa onopa KoMaHanpas h paa apyrax. B ahh CoBeicicoft Koh- CTHTyuHH (5 aeiKa6pa Kaacaoro roaa) Bee ^poHTOBue apMeii- cKHe h uHBHSHOHHwe raaeTbi nocBjuuaji-H aBe inoaocw a paaBo- por: «Bce Hapoau CCCP sanmmaioT cboio PoaH«y». fljia opra- HH33UHH c6opa MaTepHHJioB Ha nepeaaBHe ho3huhh ■np.HxoAHJiH coTpyaHHKH h <j>OTOKoppecnoHaeHTH peuaKUHH. Co CTpauau ra- 3eT paaaaBaJiHCb npocTbie, apnae cuOBa GoftuoB. Pyccxne h yx- paHHUbi, Cejiopyccw ,h xa3axH, ysGexa h apMsme, ayBauin h rpy- 3HHbI, Taxapbl H TypiXMeHH— BOHHU BCeX COBerCKHX «apoaOB saaBJTflUH: «HHKoraa He 6yaeM paGaiMH, pasrpoMKM rHTJiepoB- ueB». Boubuioe MecTO xasaxcxiie raaeTbi otboahjih ocBemeHHio pa- 6otm napT0praHH3auHH uacTeS h noapa3aeJieiiHfi no BOBjieue- KHK) B napTHK)1JiyUWHX GOH'UOB H KOMaHUHpOB. Bbl.1 WHTepeCeH He TOJXbKO HTOr, He TO.TbKO KOJIHHeCTBO fioifUOB, BCTyiTHBUIUX B napTHK), ho h caw mpcmecc npeBpameHHH 6ecnapTn(taoro Gofiua b KOMMyHHCTa. Tax, b raaeTe «Kh3Hji ApMHii* («KpacHaa Ap- mhh» ) noHBHuca ouepix «3aceaaHHe b 3eM.TsrHxe», b ouepxe pac- cK33UBaJiocb o nyTax, npHBeauiHX .KOMCOMOJiwia MepueHOBa h CTapinero cepwanTa MypsaJineBa b napTHio. B ra3eTe «CyBO- poBuifai» («CysopoBeu») 6hjih onySuHKOBaHu CTaTbH: tob. Pa- uiHTOBa sMoaoubie GoAbiueraHKH-repoH*, H. KaSaeKeHosa «JIyu- inail ueHb b Moe(5 jkhsim», H. TypyMOBa «Moh mouth oGbuiHCb*. B noaGopxe « fl nouyuHJi napTHfluuft Ghjkt* SoftuH-rBapaefiubi nepBoro napTHfinoro nonouneima paccKa3HBaaH, xax ohh BCTy- n«jiH b napT-Hio. TBapaceu AxGepreHOB b sawerae «napT6HJieT— 3ua-MH» nucau: «nojiyuaa napraftHufl 6nner, a aaa cjiobo c uecTbio HOCHTb BwcoKoe aBaiiHe KOMMyHHCTa, cxB03b Bee onacHOCTH h Ghtbh a npoHecy aparoueHHuft >napTHihn>ift uoxyMeHT a c hhm upnay k noGeae Haa BparoM ». CepoKaMTHTaa’paeeu H. MaMafi b 3aMerxe «Boabiuafl uecrb* roBOpHJi: «Ct3b KaiiauaaTOM napTHH, a aaro oGemaHHe eme xpenue aep- ucaTb b cbohx pyxax Hauie caaBHoe coBeTCxoe opywHe, eme Gecnomaanee yiiHUTowaTb (jiauiHCTCKHX raaoB*. 15-695 225

TaK * e uiHpoKO ocBemanacb h paCoTa xoMcoMonbcxHx opra- llHSaUHfi BOHHCKHX lacTeii. Boitpocy socnuTaiHHaoxryqeB HeHaBHCTH k HeMeuxHM 3axBaT- iHKaiM K33axcKaa BoeHHaa nenaTb yaeaajia ocoCoe BHHMaHHe. Ha crapHHuax ra3er cHcreMaTH'iecKH neiaTanHCb craTbH a no- Momb araTaTopy. rie'iaTa.tHCb noxyMeHTH, onepKii, paccKaati, CTHXH0 AHKHX3B£pCT3aX rHTaCpOBCKHX CaHffHTOB H H3neB3Tejlb- CTB3X«afl MWp.HbIMH3KHT6JlaM'M BpeM€)THO OXXymipOBaflHblX Bpa- tom cooercKBx pawoHOB, nan inonaBiiiHMH o aineH xpacwoapMeii- Ha.MH, K0M3HnHpaMM H nOAHTpaCOTHHXaMH. B KopOTKHX, ho HpKHX xoppeenoHneHUHsix, KoTOpbie nenaia- jiHCb b ra3eTe non pyCpaxofi «Otomcthm», ynacraHKH CoeB pac- CKa3UBa.lH O HieCTOKOCTH H XpOBOJKaAHOCTH HeMeUKO-$amHCT- ckhx Mep3aBneB. Kawnas tKoppecnoHneniwH, xasnbift <J>axTBB' 3biBa.i y CofinoB moryio HeHaBHCTb « ®pary. B CTaTbe «OnHa WHBaa» Bopiic riecxoB 'paccxa3b®aa, nax oh c rpynnofi SoiinoB xonnn H3 xhtw b xaTy b noHcxax noMe- meHHS nan Te.iapoHHoii cTaicuHH. Bee noMa Cham pa3pymeHU hah nonypaspymeiibi. Kto-to H3 6o8uob 3amen nocMorpeTb no- cjienHHHnoM h yBimea Ta*\\i, b yray pa3pymeHHofi KOMHaru, npa- TaiiBiuyioca neBOHKy aeT ahth. OHa CMotpena HcnyraHHbiMB 3annaKaHHhiMH rna3aMH «a GoSuob h wanacb K CTeHKe. Ohb on»a China wnsaa Ha bcio nepeBHio. — 51 np'H6.iH3H.i neBoaxy k ce6e,— paccKa3UBaei BopHC riecKOB,— ona 3acTonana a nc>Ka3ana HaM o6Mopo)«eHHbie, pac- nyxiiiHe pyionxa b Genux Bonnupax. — y3Hana cbohx — oSpanoBa.iHCb Coftnu a npncenH bo- Kpyr Hee, cxAbHue, ConbUMe, c oCBeTpeHHUMH, MyiKecTBeHHbiMii AKiiaMH, na Koropbix xopouio Gbina BHana omoBCKaa HeixHoCTb k peGenxy. — Kax 3QByT? He Moweuib cxa3aib. Pothx Ooaht. Efi naAH xycox caxapy. OHa 3aTpncnacb BceM TenoM, cxBamna caxap GoAbHbiMH pyHOHxaMn h ypoHHAa, 3annaxana. — CaMbifl 'MOAonofl Coen, Kons ^KyxoB, noCejxan pasucKH- BaTb caHHTapHoro HHCTpyKTopa. 51Hanan xopMHTb nesonxy Cyn- xofi. TyCbi ee, cruHyTbie xopxaMii Gonsmex, orKpUBaAHCb c Tpy- noM, BHpaHceHHe c-rpanaiHHS He cxoahao c npospaworo tohko- ro AHBBxa. Cnynaihio 3aMeTHn, H3 xapMana HiyCeftxH tophht kaok Henceuxofl raaeTu. BuiamHA, oxa3aaacb — 3anncxa. Kpyn- 8hm nonepxoM Ha KAonxe ra3eTu namicaHo xapaunanioM: «3BaTb ee Kasbahh, a iMaTb yraaAH HeMnu. IIoiiiahtc no nonre Xs 1108 Coiiuy JlonaTHHy. OmtiiiHTe npo Haury nepeBHio Bee xax ecTb>. C CoAbio b cepnne cMoTpeAHCoftnbi »a nesonxy h noxAHAHCb nemanHO HCTpeCAHTb $auiHCTCxHx H3BeproB, xax CeuieHbix co- 226

6ax. Ohh noKJiH.’iHCb MCTHTb 3a Bee: 3a rpafiewa, h MyxH, 3a cowweiiHbie HauiH scHAHiua. H Oohiuj mctht. Mctht 3a coHoxeH- Hhie 83 AepeBHH BoJioKo.iaMCKoro pafioHa, 3a thcsihh yCHTbix cobctckhx jifOAeft, mct» t 3a yHHHToaceHHue nojmocTbio 31 ce- acHHe UlaxoBCKoro pafioHa, oixyaa (fiauiHcrcKHe naaepra yraaan k ce<5e b Tbui 1 500 cobctckhx mhphux JKHreaeB, mctht 3a BOCb- Mepbix iioBPmeHJibix a BoaoxoaaMCKe. Ka3axcKaa (jipoHTOBaa neiaTb ony6jiHKOBajia neabifi paa ax- TOB O SBepCTBaX, UHHHMbIX TBTJiepOBUaMH B 3aHHTbIX HMH pafl- OHax. B oahom us aKTOB, cocTaBJieiBHOM 27 anpejia 1942 roaa b aepcBiic ropKH KapMa«OBCKoro pafioHa C mo-'ichckoh ofiaacTH CKa3a«o, hto b necy, b XHAOMerpe rowiiee aepeBHH ropxn, 6i>ijio o6HapyaceHo ABa Tpyna, H3ypoaoBaHHHx (fiaiiiHCTCKHMH na.ia- « y oahofo BbiKoaoT raas, cpe3aHa xooxa co a6a h khcth aesofi pyKH, Bbipe3ana Kowa Ha aeBOM Coxy, y BToparo ibuko- AOTbi o6a rjia3a, 0Tpe3aH0 nojiHocTbio aeBoe yxo h noaoBHua npaBoro yxa, cpe3aHa xoaca co n<5a, OTpe3aHbt xpn najibua iia npaBofi pyxe, nepepe3aHo ropjio, pa36«T hoc h pa3apo6neHa aepxHHH qejix)CTb, JlHHHOCTb 3BepCXH saMyaCHHblX yCTaHOBHTb He yAajIOCb, Tax xax npH hhx He oxaaaaaocb «HxaiKHX AoxyMeiiTOB. H a o6ohx Tpynax He 6biao oaeiKAbi. Bceae hhx Baanancb BemeBHe Menu™ h kjiohkh oaesKAu. 9to aaeT ocwoBaHHe crnraTb, hto saMyneHHbie HeMeijKo-cJjamHCTCKHMH CaHAHTawH ObiJiH xpacHoapMefluaMH*. CTapuiHB cepscaHT CaSHpwaH yxeHOB o catch CTaTte «B h- neji cbohmh rjia3aMH>, HanenaTaHHoft b ra3ere «K,bi3bin acxep aKHKaTbia («KpacHoapMeBcxaa npaBfla*), npH3bmaa 6oBuob QecnomaflHO MCTHTb rnraepoBCKHM paBfioBHHxaM 3a coBeTCKHx Meiwimi h crapHKOB. «Ha ioro-3anaAe aepeBHH lOMauieBo,— nacaa oh,— i-HTJiepoBttbi npeanpHHHJiH .kohtphaerynaeHHe c ueabK) BoccTaHOBHTb yrepaHHyio no3nmHK). 4>awHCThi cofipa.iH b jepeBHe Bcex CTapaxoB h xeiwiHH. HacnabCTBeHH0 rnaan hx ne- pea co6oB h uiviH 3 xoHTpaTaxy. Oxoao 30 coBeTCKHx cTapHKOB h *eHiuHH noraSaH Ha mhhhom noae*. ynacTtHHK ocBOfioacaeHHH or hcmghxhx oxxynanroB ropoja Bs3bMbi cTapoiHHa CaxeHOB nacaa b peaaxuHio bochhoB ra3e- tu. «$1 Obiji CBHaerejieM Taxoro yoxacworo speanma. B aom<' Ws 14 no CoBeTcxofl yarae Ha noay aeataa Tpyn HsypoflOBSHHoi! jxeHmHHbi h pe6eHxa 5— 6 aeT. TpyAH wenmHHu b HecxoabXHX MecTax npoxoaoTH hojkom. OauiHCTbi yHHHTOHtHaa iieayio ceMbio. BaHAHTH noA*HraaH Bee Ao«a ueHTpaabHUX yarn ropoaa*. «Mbi,— paccxa3biBaaH xpacHoapMefmN TyaereHOB h Byxy- poB,*—ynacTHHKH ocBo6o*AeHHH ropoAOB flpueBO, UporoSbiHa H mhothx coBeTCKHx cea h AepeBeHb,— BHAean mhoto yfiHTux h

3BepcKH 3aMyieiiHfaix, neBHHHux coBeTCKHX aioaefi Ha jihhhh JKe- ae3iioft aoporn h Ha yjiHuax. B ropoae CMo.ieiicKe rHTJiepoB- Uhi Bcex MyjKHHH corHaa-H b ropoacKoii Teaip. npH orcrynjieHHH MHOrHX H3 HHX paCCTpe^HJIH. «HeMeuKHc coaaaTbi,— rmca.i Kasax-naptHsan Cemi Tor- TapoB b ra3CTe «CyBopoBuihi» («CyBopoBeu»),— Beayr no ao- pore b UporoGbi'i neGoabuiyio rpynny naeHHHX KpacHoapMefl- ueB. rpynna naeT yace inecTofi aeHb, h mecxb aneft Kpacnoap- Mefiuu He e.iH. Oa«H H3 KpacnoapMefiueB HaannaeT OTCTaBaTb. Oh paHeu, eMy TpyaHo HaTH. Ho ipauiHCTU TOponatca. HiTae- Pobckhh coaaai a a *e He raaaa cTpeaaeT H3 asroMara b Kpacno- apMeflaa. Bhaho, hto bto npHBbWHoe aeao ana Hero. 4>auiHCTH aeayr ocraaMiux naeiiHux KpacHoapMeSueiB aaabuie. Kyaa? Ha pacCTpea. r HT.iepoBuu raaaH Miioro cobctckhx aioaefi b Tep- ManHio. Ha aopore ohh Koaoaii uiTWKa.MH paaaeroro ao roaa >re- .lOBeKa. HeaaaeKo ot aepeaHH FIccKapHxa soceMb KpacHoap- MeiineB ofiaoHouiH ceHOM h Hoaoxcraa. Cpean 3thx co»oKeHHbix Gbiao TpH Ka3axa». MaTaa 3th aoKyMCHTbi, cayman paccKa3u mhdhmx coBeTCKHX HiHTeaefi pafioHoB, ocBoGowaemibix CoBeTCKofi ApMHeii ot Bpe- MeHHofl neMeMKO-^auiHCTCRofi oKKynaaHH, caBexcKHe bohhh kji«- .iHch 6ecnoniaaHo a wcctoko GHTb Bpara, Ghth 6e3 npoMaxa, fiHTb b caMoe BBepwioe cepaae, GHTb ao noaiHoro yHHiTOHceiiHH weMeaKHx OKKynaHTOB. 3a KpoBb j«6hthx h 3a.Myiemibix coBeT- CKHX MHpHHX WHTCfleft OHH nOK.THJIHCb npO.IHTb nOTOKH HepHOfl BpaacecKofi KpoBH. KaaTBy cboio Gofiuu BbinoaHHAH c uecTbio. Bee repoHiecKHe noaenrH bohhob Ka3axoB Ha ijipoHTax OTe- HeCTBeHHOft 'BOHHbl HeMblCABMH Gbl.lH 6e3 OB.iaaeHHil Macrep- ctbom Goa h H3yieHHa bochhoh tcxhiikh. Ka3axoKaa (ppoHTOBaa neqaTb yae.ia.ia sthm Bonpoca.u cepb63Hoe BHHMaHHe. lipraeaeM iieKOTopbie npHMepbi. «Cep*aHT AGauKaabipoB.— nncaaa 28 HoaGpa 1942 roaa ra- 3eTa «Ot3h HaMbicbi ymto («3a qecTb PoaHiiu»), — b naqa.ie OreqecTBeHHoii bomhu npmuea paaOBUM KpacHoapMeflueM. Bee CBoGoaHoe BpeMa oh OTaaBaa H3yneHHio MaTepnaabnofi nacTH opyaHH h apTHJiaepHficKHx npHGopoB. MHTaa khhth h ycTaaw no apTHaaepHH, bhhmaTeabHO npHCMaTpHBaaca k paGoie oribrrHbix HaBoaHHKOB h KoMananpoB. B pe3y.ibTaxe oh ot.ihhho ocboha KBa.iH<J)HiKauHio naBoaiHKa. CHapiiAH H3 ero opya«a aoxaxCH TOIHO no ae.1H». MaccoBMM HBJieHHQM Gbiaa HHaHBHayaabHaa noaroToBKa GoBuob no H3yqeHHK> BoewHofi tcxhhkh. Tax, apTHaaepHCT yno- bhukhh noaroTOBHa b cBoeM pacieTe Tpex HaBoaiHKOB. 3a Goe- noft yieGofi He 3aMeaawaa nocJieaoBarb Goeeaa npaKTHKa. OaHH H3 oGyqaBinHxcH HaBoaiHKOB — Goeu CapGweB — osyun cuapa-

AaMH yHHMTOJKHJI CT3HKOBWHJlyAeMeT npOTHBHHKa BMeCTe c nyjie- MeTHHM pac-ieTOM. TaaeTa «CTaAHH xyu* («Cra.iHHCKoe 3HaMa»), noKa3biBan repoeB .leTiiero HacTyn-ieiiHH 1943 r04a, riHca/ia: «3xo 6 mao b nocjieflHHe ahh nepeji .icthhm Hacryn^eHHeM CoBexcxo0 A pmhh. Bee POTOBHJiHCb k HBMy. BafiiMyjiAaeB, AraywSaeB, JKaxchixyAOB H3yia.TO CBoe opysKHe, TpeHupoBa.iHcb b CTpe.rii>6e, crapaxeAbHO npiiCJiyuiHBajiHCb k eoaeTaM cxapuiHX TOBapHiueii. 12 hioah 1943 roja ceBepo-BOCToTOee Opjia Ha'ia.iocb Ha- cTynjieuHe coBeTCKHx boAck. Bpa*ecKH0 zraox MewaA ripoABHOxe- hhk> HaiuHx CTpejiKOB. A.MaHTaA BafiMyjiaaeB noAnoA3 k A30xy H HeCKOJIbKHMH npOTHBOTailKOBbIMH rpaH3TaMH B30pB3A eiX) ABepb. TpH {JjaiiiHCTa norHfi.iH, ABoe CAaiwcb b iuich. CrpejiKH CpOCHAHCb BnepeA H 33BH3HAH 600 BO BpaXfeCKHX TpaHUieflX. BpaateoKHe tahkh uijih b xha nainefl qacxH. riepexaxHB Ha pyxax opyA«e, OTBaiKHbift haboatok A.vipaAH AyraMOaeB ot6hji 6 xaH- kobhx arax h iiioaGha 2 rauxa. 3a npoaB.'/ewHoe MyjxecxBo Am- paAH AyraMGaeB 6ha HarpaxtAeH opashom KpacHoft 3Be3Au». Ha cbohx crpaHHiuax ra3eTbi ocBeiua-in h Bonpocu 6bixa. rio- AHTitHecKaa iiponaraiiAa h 'nponaraiiAa tioenoro onbrra 6hah ne- oTAejiMMw ox BonpocoB -6brra. Bana, nHxanne, OAewAa, HPOAxa, nyroBBua, iiHTKa, 3y6Haa mexxa, otaux Gofma h ApyrHe MHoro- BHc.ieHiibie ObiroBbie BoirpocM, onpeAeJiaiomHe caMoiywcTBiie 6oflua, tiaxoAHAHCb a ueHTpe BHHMaiiHa hx pa6oxu. «C>poHTOBHe GyjHH»,— xax Ha3MBaJica pasAeA raaeru, cy- mecTBOBaouiH0 c nepBux aneft. FloBap h e3AOBoft, BOAHxejib Ma- xuhhh, paOoTHHK CKjiaaa, rapMOHHCx, paGoxHHK GaHiio-npaaeiHo- Horo oxpaAa, nopxHO0, canowHHK, noixa.xbOH Ha mepeAOBO0 ah- hhh h xepMocoHoceu, AOCxaBAaioiiiHH tiHiuy 6o0naM >hoa yparaw- HNM onieM npoxHBHHKa,— o padoxe Bcex hx nHcaAH Ka3axcKHe (JipoiixoBbie apMe0cKHe h AHBH3H0HHbie ra3exH. Taxne Maxepaa- Abi noMoraAH yAymieHHio (ppoinosoro 6bixa bohhob xa3axoB. C ®HTy3na3M0*i paSoxaAH b oiAeAe «®poHxoBoro KKMOpa» uh- caxeAH Ma0op A6y CapceM6aeB, cxapiiiH0 Ae0xeHaHx Ka.iMaxaH AGauKaAbipoB, xanHxaH /IwxaH AGhaob, xanuxan C. MAbscoB, P«A COTpyAHKKOB peAaxuHfl H mhoto KpaoHoapwcSneB. M ocxob- CKHeAHCaxeAH ,HXyAOKHHKH xaxjxe npHCHAaAHIBpeAaXAHH C30H MaiepnaAbi. KanHxan JX- AChaob Hanuca.i Aynuyio noaMy 0 <5oftue «Ma0- AaH6ex». M . TaSAyAAKH, K. CaruHAbixoB, K. IIIapHnoB, K- Cy- AewMeHOB, K- AGAMxaAwpoB, >K- JKyMaxaHOB, B. ByAxwuieB. 0A. CapcoMfiaeB nannca.in cepwio onepKOB ApywGe, o repoax OTC'iecxBenHOH bohiiu, o raapAeOuax, xaHKHexax, apxH.XAepn- exax, nexoxHHiiax, CBfl3Hcrax, CHa0nepax h AexiHxax xa3axax. ApMe0cxne nponaraiiAHCXM Maftopbi AaHAbrapeeB, Be0ceM6aeB,

MaJibifiaeB b Ka3axcKHX <J>pohtobhx raaeTax ony6AHKOBaAH He- cKOJibxoCTaTea 06 .HCTopHiecxoM npouuioM xasaxcKoro wapoaa h Apyrax aapoflOB CCCP. KoaaeKTHBbi raseT pyxoBOACTBOBaAHCb npHHiumoM: caMaa lecaaa aepaspbiBHaa CBfl3b c 6oftaaMH, BocnaiaHHe b fioihie Ka3axe HacTynaTeJibHoro nopwBa, deccTpauiHfl h npe3peHHa k CMepTH, yMCHHB BJiajeTb Co6ofi H AKJTOft HeHa'BHCIbK) K Bparv. Pa6oraa b penaKurntx h cofiapaa MaTcpiia.ibi b raaerw, cor pyAHMKH peaaKUHft nocTaoHBH ce6e uejibio b coBepuieHCTBe ob- BaaeTb bo6hhhmh 3naHHaMH h opywHeM. B xo;ie boShw <mn ot- raiHBajiH h coBepmeHCTBOBajiH CBoe opyxcae— inepo OojibweBH- Ka-BoeBHoro jKypHaaacra. BoeHHbie BcypHajiHCThi Ka3axn iieMa.'io cne.ia.ra ana roro, ito6w BocnHTaTb y bohhob Ka3axoB ropaiyio AiofioBb k couaa- jiHCTHiecKOMy OTeiecTBy, HenoKOAeBKMyio ysepenHOCTb b hx no6eae, caameHHyio HeHaBHCTb k sparaM CoBeTCKofi Poahhu h Bcero HMOBoiecTBa — k iiesieiiKo-ijiawHCTCKHM 3axBaTiHKa.M. 3thm ohh BiiecjiH CBoft Biuiafl b A&no paarpoMa Bpara. B stom saionKmaerca hx 8acayra nepea Poamioft b toah BejiHKoS Ore- qeCTBeHHofi BOHHbl. IlpaBHTeAbCTBo BbicoKo ouchh.io 6oeByio pa€oxy peaaxiiH- OHHblX H THnorpaipCKHX paCOTHHKOB KSSaXCKRX (JipOHTOBblX ra- 3er. PejaKTopw, BoeHHbie KoppeonoHAeHTbi, nepeBOA'MKH, xop- PBKTOPH H HafiopiHHKH peAaKUHii Bcex 4>pOHT(XBHX raaeT 6bUlH iiarpaHtAeHH opaenaMH h Meaa.iflMH Cobctckofo Coioaa. BecbMa BajKHyro pojib b oprami3amiH pa3rpona Bpara cur- paAH SoeBue ahctoskh, BunycKaBiuHeca Ha Ka3axcxoM asaae. BoeBbie J1HCTOBKH noCBHUiaAHCb repOHM OTeqeCTBeHHOH BOflHU, liepe3 hhx pacnpocTpaHHACa orbit jiyiwHx coseTCKHX bohhob. BoeBbie jihctobkh CHHTajiHCb o'icHb npocTofi, caMofl OnepaTHB- hoB <t>opMo8 neqatHofl arHTauHH. Ha npHMepe Coesoii jihctobkh «OiaH yiiiHH* («3a PoAHHy*) mohcho noK33aTb, Kaxyio onepaTHBHyio pojib a nepnoA BoftHW curpaAH fioeBbie jihctobkh. B HOdCpbOKHe ahh noA MockboA 8 rsapAeficKaa hmbhh reHe- paJi-MaSopa OaH^HAOBa CTpeJiKOBaa abbhshh BeAa ropaKHS 6ofl c (pauiHctaMH. KorAa ahbhshh onieM h ryceHHiaaMH Ta»KOB Aa- BHAa omeBbie tohkh npOTHBHHKa, uitukom h mpHKAaAOM yHsmo- Htaaa ero KHByio cnjiy, no « ® sthx yeaobhhx CoeBaa jihctobkb «OTan yuiHH» («3a Poahhjt*) npoAoawaaa BwxoAHTb. «Ka3axcraHeu, iiomhh,— roBopHAocb b CoeBofl ahctobkc «OraH yiuHH» («3a PoA»Hy»),— Bpar HaMepeaaeTca npofiTH b MocKny aepe3 tboio no3HHHio. riycTb tboh no3HUHa ciaHet He-

npHCTytiHoft nperpa.noii ipauiHCTaM. Tu 3amHiuaeuib mocce, b«- aymee k Mockbc,— k cepauy Poahhh. Oho aojtckho CTaTb Henpo- xoahmhm juta Bpara. 11 Hon6pa 1941 roaa 6oeBaa AHCTOBKa «OTaH yuiHH* («3a PoAffliy») cooCmajia 6ofiuaM: «CeroAHsi yTpow npoTHB nauiefi ahbtohh rHTJiepOBCKHfi ne- xoTHbiS 6aTaabOH nonieas cncHXH'iecKyio aTaKy». OaniHCTH man bo Becb pocT, c aBTOMaTaMH h bhhtobkhmh Ha nepeBec. PoTa K8 3axcTaHii.eB naanycraaa Bpara «a 6a.H3Koe paccTOHHHe h OTKpu- -ia coKpyuiHteabHHfl pysKeftHo-nyaeMeTHHii oroHb. THTaepoBnu <5hjih OTSpometibi «a HcxoaHue pyfiejKH, noTepaB MHoro y6nTbi- mh h paHeHHMH. Hepe3 necKOJibKo nacoB (jiaiimcTu noBTopHAH «ncHXHnecKyio araxy* h BTopmmo 6hjih OTSpomeiibi. B stoi aeiib rHTjiepoaubi noTepa.iH no 1500 oonnar h o^nnepoB*. 12 Hoa6pa 1941 Toaa HOMep Ooesoft ahctobkh «0 t3h yuiHH* («3a PoaHHy») 6 bin iiocbhiuoh noaBHraM 33ixihthhkob Mockbh— CioiiuaM-,Ka3axcTaHnaM noapa3fleJieHHH dapiuero jieflTeHaHTa Pa0KHHa, KOTopwe, HecMOTpa« a OHcecToneHHHe TaHKOBue aTaxa apara, hh Ha mar He otchojih c 3aiHHMaeMoro pyOewa, ynuHTo- jkhjih OoJiee 10 TaHKOB Bpara. 14 Ho»6pH 1941 roaa b stoS SooboS jiHCTOBxe «OTan yinHH» («3a PojtH«y») 6hi.no HanenaTaHO nocxanoBJieiiHe FocynapcTBeH- Horo KoiMHTeTa 06opoHU. B stom nocTaHOBJieHHH TOBopnnocb, sto o6opoHa CTOJiHUbi ua pySescax, otctosiuhx Ha 100— 120 kh- noMCTpoB aanaanee Mockbh, nopyneHa BOHHaM 3a<naAHoro <j>poHTa. OTHHiie KajKAHft 6oeu Ka3ax, ’iHTaTe.ib 6oeBo0 ahctobkh nyBCTBOBaji ce6a npewae Bcero 3amHTHHKOM amOhmoR ctoahuh coBeTCKoft P oahhh — Mockibh.Bo Bcex HOMepaX SoeBofl ahctob- kh «Oran yuiHH («3a Poahhy» ) oco6o 'nonaepKHBajioci. cosHa- ime Kaxi.nbiM bohhom Ka3axoM toto, hto oh 3auiHiuaeT CTOJiHuy Poahhh — MocKBy, ero qyscrBo ray6oqafimeft oTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a ato aejio mhojkhao, nopoxuano repOH3M. He3a.no.nro no CBepmeHhh 6eccMepTHoro noABHra 28 repoeB- na’HfpHJioBuoB 6oeBaa ahctobkh sOtsh yuiHH» («3a PoAHHy*) micana b cbooH nepeflonoft CTarbe: «Boeu na3ax! PoAHHa noBepma Te6e 3amHTy ctojihuh, Co- BexcKaa BAacTb oxena re6n a nonerHyio (J)opMy KpaCHOapMeft- ua, KoMMyHHCTHqecKaa napTHH n a n a b tboh pyKH BHHTOBKy. ByAb AOCTO0HMM 3T0T0 BeAHKOrO AOBepHH, 6yAb CTOflKHM B JIK>- 6oft ofiCTaHOBKe, He AporHH cepAUOM b 6oio. FIomhh BcerAa, ito ot cyAbfibi, 6AaironoAyqHH a fiyaymero Mockbh 33bhcht h cynh- 6a TBoero poAWoro Ka3axcTaHa. CeroAHsr (fauiHcrcKHe opah pByTCH« HameMy AiodHMOMy ropoAy MocKBe. Hh Ha mar He nyc- i<aft Bpara Aajibuie. Hh mary Ha3aAl» 231

C npuS/waceiiHeM x MocKBe jihhhh <j>poHTa pocao conporaB- aeime nampiiaoBueB, MHOWHancb npHMepu 6e33aBeTHoro repo- H3Ma B0HH0B-Ka3axcraHueB. Ka3axcTaHUbi npeanpHHHMaaH apo- CTHBie KoiiTpaTaKH, Bee ynopnee caepwHBaaH HaceaaBiaero Bpara. «KpaoHoapMeeu TyaeOaeB,— aracaaia 6oeBaa aHCTOBxa «OTas yuiHH» («3a PoaHHy»),— xasax «3 AaMa-Ara, Bwecie c He- CKOJIbKHMH ApyrBMH CoftUaiMH HaXOflHJICH B OKOne. Ha 3Ty ne- 6oai>myio rpyrmy CofmoB rirraepoBUbi c.pa3y SpocH.iH 8 tbh- repoH-naHipHJfOBUbi He aporayaH. TpaHaraMH ohh craaH bu- BoaHTb H3 CTpoa spawecKiie TaHKH. B xpHTHHecxyio 'MHHVty Ty- .ieSaeB Bbicxoana H3 oxona h c kphkom: « }K iibhmh He caaaHM- ca, 3a PoflHHy*,— fipocua rpaHaty b OTKpbrryio fianiHio TaHKa. Pa3aaaca orayiuHTeabHwfl B3pHB: b TaHxe B3opBaaacb cHapaau. BTopyio rpa'HaTy «Tyae6aeB 6pocna noa ryceHwuy apyroro TaH- Ka. H Koraa MeTaa TpeTbio rpaHaty, ero cpa3HaH Bpara. 3aiua- maftTe MocxBy, KaK repofi Tyae6aeB». «16 Hoa6pa 1941 roaa noayaeHO SKexpeHHoe coofimeHae,— nhca.'ia Cocb;ih aHCTOBxa,— y pa3T>e3aa flyCoceKOBO 28 repoeB- na»(J)HaoBue8 orpa3iian aTaxy TamoBoft Koaomiu Bpara. HapaB- ne c rpaHatofi, ocrpuM ihtukom aeflcTBOBaao rwaMemioe cxobo: «Be.iHxa Poccna, a OTcrynaTb Hexyaa — no3aa« MocxBa». C xpuaaToB stoB cppa3oft 6oeBaa aucroBKa nepeaaBaaacb H3 oko- na b oKon, H3 pyx b py«H. Beaniea 6biaa cnaa ■BceaeBcTBHa xawaofi CTpoKH 6oeBofi aa- ctobxh: cBaepa (16 Hoa6pa 1941 roaa T. A.) 6uaa o6T.aB.iena SaaiTOflapHOCTb Hamefl a»BH3HH. PaBHeiiHe Ha 28 repoeB. 9 th 6oraTupH norn6aH b nepaBHOM 6010 c opywneM b pyxax, c rraa- MeHHbJM 6oabUieBHCTCKHM CJIOBOM— «BeaHKa PoCCHa, a OTCTy- naTb Hexyaa — no3aan MocxBa* — Ha ycTax, ho hh oara He ot- CTynna*. C sthm npH3biB0M nouiaa 6oeBaa aHCTOBKa cOtbh yuiHH» («3a PoaHHy») ino uena. Ha KOHxpeTHbix npHMepax yanaa OHa apaTbca Tax xax apaawcb repoH-naHcpHaoBuu. C xawauM aHeM pocao naeMa OTBawHbix bohhob xa3axoB CaeayiomHil HOMep 6oeBofi .thctobkh «O tbh yuiHH* («3a PoaH- Hy») nepeaasaaca no rpaHUieaM c npasHBOM ywe onuTHUx, fioeBbix BeTepaHOB bohhh — Tepoa CoBeTcxoro Coio3a Maaaxa rafiayaaHHa, rBapaHH noaxoBHHxa Eaypwana MoMbiui-yabi, 3HaMeHHToro caaflnepa TaeyraaHa AfiaMfSexoBa. «ToBapHia 6oeu,— rOBopHaocb b 6oeBo8 aHCTOBxe,— ceao, xoTOpoe ctoht nepea To6ofi, sto coBeicxoe ceao. B 3tom ceae XHJIH CiaCTaHBoft H paaOCTHOft WH3HbK> COBeTCKHe Jlroan — Ta- K«e we iohoiuh xax h th cm , Taxae we CTapHKH, CTapyxn, xax tboS OTeu h TBoa MaTb, TaxHe we aeBymxH, xax h tboh cecrpu

TaKHe ace Moaoabie /kchiuhhij, xax tboh JuoGnMaa acena. Ohh Tenepb MyqaiOTCH b <jJaimtcTCKO0 HeBoae. Camnmiib jiu th hx ctoh. Ohh acayr noMomH. Mbi aojihchm ocBoGoaHTb coBeTCKHe ceaa h coiBeTCKHx nioaefi or iJiauiHCTCKoro MpaxoGecHa. OceoGo- acaeHHe hx 33bhcht ot TBoero opyxcna, ot TeGa caMoro, ot TBoefi ctoAkocth h caMOOTBepaceHHOCTH. ByaeM apaTbca c (pauiHCTaMH ao nocaeaHefl xaiuiH xpoBH. OcboGoahm coBe-rcxae ceaa. CMeao HaHTe sriepea, TOBaptnuH*. 2 aexaGpa 1941 roaa ib GoeBofi jihctobkh roBopnaocb: «3a HCTeKuine cymH Goh Ha noacxynax k MocKBe he npe- KpaiuaaHCb hh aHeM hh botmo. OcoGeHHo oacecTaneinihie Goh uuih Ha Hapo-OoMHHCKOM, CoaHenHoropcKOM, 3BeHHropoacKOM Hanpa-BaeHHax. 3aecb nauiH tooth HecKOJibKo noxecHH.iH apo- TiiBHHKa h saHHjiH Goaee BuroaHue ikmhuhhs. 6 aexaGpa GoeBaa ancTOBKa «OTan yiiiHH» («3a PoaHny») cooGmH.ia o nepexoae caBexcacHx bohck b KoaixpHacxynncHiie h oG OTxoae rHT.icpoBCKHx BoflcK h Ha^aae paarpoMa neMeuKO- cJ)3uihctckhx 3axBaTiHK0B noa M ockboS. «Ha HarneM <j>poHxe,— roBopiwiocb b GoeBofi JiHCTOBKe,— y npoTHBHHxa otGhto 30 Ha- ceaemibix nyiiKioB. Bnepea, Ha 3anaa. 3a PoaHny. Bnepea, k noGeaaM*. 9 aeKaGpa 1941 roaa Goesaa .iHCTOBKa «Oxa-H yuiHH» («3a PoaHHy») Haneqaraaa oGpameHHe BoeHHoro CoBera 3anaaHoro <j>poHxa ko BceM KpaoHoapMeftiiaM, KOManaapaM h nojiHipaGox- HHKaM c npH3biB0M pa3BHBaTb yonex HacrynaeHHa. «B pe3yab- xaxe Hacxyn.ieiiHsi Ha cesepwoM yaacTKe naiuero (Jiponxa,— ro- BopHaocb b oGpamenHH,— iiamuMH bohcksimh 3axBa'teHH oGpai- ho PoraneB, OabroBo, Kpactiaa rio-iana, aecaxxH apyrax Hace- aeHHbix nyHKTOB h HayT 6oh b r. K.ihh h 3a CoaiiequoropCK. MHOrae AHBH3HH npOTHBHHKa OKpyJKeilbl. OaillHCTCKHe BOHCKa. HanpaBaeHHbic THxaepoM ana yaapa Ha MocKBy, ae3opraHH30- BaiiH h OTXoaaT, ocxaBaaa Ha none 6oa t3hkh. opyjKne, aBxoMa- UIHHbl, TMCHHH yGHTbIX, p3HCHb!X H oGMOpOHCeHHbIX. PaarpoM rHxaepoBOKHX boBck noa MockboS — Haiano okoh- iaxenbnoro pa3rpoMa h yHHixoxeHHa HeMeuKo-<j>ainHCTCKHx 3a- XB3THHK0B. 3 tot pa3rpoM Hanaaca. Mm aojiWHbi ero acmep- BoeiiHHft coBBT 3anaaHoro 4>poHia npH3Baa cobctckhx boh- hob He aaBarb Bpary onoMHHTbca, aeftcTBOBaxb peuiHxenbHO 11 CMeao, GecnowaaHO HCxpeGnaxb <j>auiHCTCKHX oKKynaHTOB. 8 rBapaeflcKaa hmchh reHepaa^Maiiopa nampHnoBa CTpenKO- saa AHBH3Hn aencrBOBaaa Ha Hapo-OoMHHCKOM nanpaBneHHH. 3a narb aneft HacxynneHHa OHa Hanec.ia orpoMHbie inoxepa Bpa­ ry. rnwrepoaiibi noxepajiH ao 10 raca'i nenoBex yGaxbiMH h pa- HeHMMH. 3axBaneHbi 3a stot nepnoa xpo<j)eH: 27 TaHKOB, 32

opyaHa, 61 nyaeMeT, 18 mhhomctob, 36 aBTOMaTOB, 562 bhhtob- kh h apyroe Boopy*eHne h 6oenpnnacbi. B yanaHux Coax naa- <Ph.iobuu HcxpeCnaH ao 3 000 rnraepoBueB, yHHMTo)KHJiH 9 TaH- KOB, 13 opyaafi, 5 nyaeMeTHux rHe3fl, 2 HCMeuKax a30Ta. He- cKoabKo Tpo^eflHhix opyaHft h apyroro BoopywenHa naH^aaoB- Hbi npHcaajw AaMa-ArHHCKOMy rocyaapcTBeHHOMy My3eio, koto- pue ao chx nop naxoastca raM. JlereHaapnaa 8 TBapaeScKaa hmohh renepaa-Mafiopa riaixjjh- aoBa cTpeaKOBaa ahbhshh, oCeccMepTHBinaa ceCa noa/BHraiMH b Coax Ha noacTynax k KpacHoft cToanue MocKBe, aaBiuaa 36 re- poe® CooeTCKoro Coiosa, HaKonaaa orpoMHbi# a iioy’iHTeabHbiii onuT. MyBCTBO ropaocra Co&uob, KOManaapoB a noaHTpaCoTHH- kob 3a poaHyio ahbh3Hio, ropaaee hx CTpeMaeHne BaaeTb ee erne Coaee MorymecTBeHHoft poscaaao h anpeat hobux repoeB, caaB- hhx coBCTCKHX naTpHOTOB, BnepeaH aHBH3Hio waaaa BeaHKaa mh- poBaa caaBa. KoMMywHCTbi 8 TBapaeScKoii hmohh renepaa-Maftopa IlaH- (pH.ioBa crpeaxoBofi aHBHsaa a ee neaaab npoaeaaaa orpoMHyw paCoTy. BoeBaa ancxoBKa «0 t3h >'iiihh» («3a PoaHHy*) npa- BaeKaa k ceCe BHHMaHHe miorax 3amHTHHK0® PoaaHbi, 3acay- *naa Coabiuoe BHHMauHe CoShob h KOMaHaapc® anBH3HH. C KaacaMM anew pocao KoaaaecTBO ’iHTaTeaeft h BoeHxopoB CoeBofi ancroBKH. O Hcii HMeancb MHoroancaemibie ot3Ubij. Ka3axcT3H- uu nacaan: «BoeBaa aacTOBKa «O t 3h yrnirns noaCaapHBaaa Hac b Tpya- Hyio MHHyry. CTpacTHO paccxasbBaaa o Harneft Beannoft npaBae, yanaa ctoBkocth h OTBare Ha npaMepe ayaninx cobctckhx boh- hob, b ocoCeiiHocTH bohhob BeaHKoro pyccKoro Hapoaa»- OcoCoe 3HaieHMe TiapTaa npHaasaaa Bbixoay noaHouenHoro CoeBoro awcTxa, Koropufi ocBemaa TipocTtiM, aoxoaaHBHM a3u- kom BoaHyiomae Cohuob Tewu. B kbhcsom bohhckom noapa3ae- aeHHH BbinycKaaocb HecxoabKo Coeoux aacTKOB. BocnHTMBaa y cbohx anraTeaeft HeyciaHHbifl HacTynaTeabHHfl nopbiB, CHCTe- MaTHaecKH ocBemaa onbiT aymiiHx 4>pohtobhkob, Copacb 3a xce- ae3Hyio BOHHCKyio ancuananHy, 3a oBaaaeHne Texhh(toft BoeH- hoto aeaa, Coesue a«CTKH HBaaaHCb MoryaHM cpeaciBOM kom- MyHHCTHieCKOrO BOCnHTaHHB BOHHOB Ka3axoB. Xitsoe yaacTHe b Bbiriycxe CoeBbix ancmoB npHH»MaaH Bee BoiiHbi xasaxH. tlaeHu napTHH, KoMcoMoabnu na3HaaaaHCb pe- HaKTopaMH 3Thx CoeBbix aacTKOB h co3aasaaH soKpyr hhx BoeH- KOpOBCKHfl aKTHB H3 MOaOflhIX CoftUOB, BOCIIHTbIBaH HX Ha CaaB- hhx TpaflHUHHX (ppoHTOBofl KOMMyHHCTHaecKoft neaaTH. B aaCTHX 8 rBapaeficKoft hmohh renepaa-Mafiopa crpeaKOBoft ahbh3hh Coe- Bue aHCTKH, peaaKTnpyeMbie xoMcopraMH Oawofi ToaMaaesoft, 5234

Cy.ieflMeHOBijiM, y^apueBWM 3acjiyjKeiiH0 ciHTajincb nanOo/iee .lymiiHMH. BoeBbie jihctkh He tojibko arHmpoBaJM, ho h opraHHsoBH- BaviH 6oiinoB Ha BbrnojiHCHHe npHxaaoB KOMaHAOBaHHH. Ohh bu- nycKajiHCb HenocpeAcrBeHHo nepea 6oeM, pacexa3WBaJiH o 3aAa- lax, ctohiuhx nepeA CoftuaMH, nocjie 6oh uiHpoKo noxa3biBaJiH onbiT repoeB b npouiemueM cpaweHHH, a rax*e h aa BpeMsi Co­ en. B HHBape 1943 roAa Hecxojibxo rBapAeHU.eB-naH<jmjiOBuei> BbiOHBan rHT-aepoBueB H3 oaepeAHoro HacejieHHoro nyHKTa, 3a- xpenHAHCb b oahom H3 itoMOB. <t>auiHCThi iujih b aTaKy. B oca*- Achhom AOMe ropcTKa xpaSpeuoB BroHHJia b pacxaJieHHbie ctbo- Jlbl BHHTOBOK HOCJleAHHC HaTpOHbl. A Ha KyUKatX TiyCTblX THAb3 •leiKa.i jihct SyMarw ot copBaHHbrx o6oeB. Ha HeM KpoBbio 6hjio HanHcaHo: «BoeBofi jihctok*, h Becb MaTepiiaji ero cocto- siji H3 rnecTH cjiob: «yMpeM, ho He CAaAHMCsr. CMepTb ij>auiii- Ha CTpaHHuax SoeBbix jihctkob uiHpoKo Hcno.n.30BajiHCb Ka- 3axcKHe noroBopKH h nocjioBHUbi. HapOAHaa MyApocTb yiHJia 6ohhob CMejiocTH h OTBaire: «CMejiOMy Aa y.wejroMy or Bcex ay- -iob noieT, a coHJMBOMy 3a xaaxAWM xypraHOM MoruJia*. Oha yHHJia HX CTpeMHTbCA K B3aHMH0ft BbipVHKe, K cnaHKHOCTH: «IIIecTb b pasAope— nexajib h rope, cnaaHHocTb HeTwpex— ro­ py CBepHCTS. BoeBbie JIHCTKH yiHJIH 6ofiUOB BbirlOJIHHTb yCTaBM CoBetcKoft ApMHH, oScperaih b cpaxceHHHx cBoero KOMaHAHpa. Kora a raapAHH ciapraHHa KaOyjiTaeo noA rpaAOM BpaxcecxHX nyjib BbiHec c now 6oh CBoero KOMaHAHpa jieih-eHaHTa, Tope- jioBa h noA paspuBOM mhh — aeftTeiiaHTa U vako, fioiiubi H3 pyx b pyxH nepeAaBajiH SoeBofl jihctok h hht3jih b HeM o noABHre ^BoeBbie jihctkh nponaraHAHpoBajiH HAeio 6paTcxoft Apy*6u napoAOB lie TOJibxo Ha ipaKrax h coSmthbx npouiJioro, ho h Ha npHMepax (JipoHTorioii >kh3hh. B KawcaoM 6010 ohh HaxoAHJiH MiiowecxBO npexpacHbix npHMepoB CoeBoft Apy*6w 6o8hob pa3- JIHHHblX HaUHOHajIbHOCTeft H IHHpOXO OCBSIHajIH HX. MoryHHM CpeACTBOM BOOIlHTaHHB (Softlia HBJIHJiaCb npOMTaHAa nOABHrOB repoeB. H b stom oTHOiueHHH ajih 6oeBwx .hhctkob 6hjih iiohcth- He HeorpanHiCHHbie bo3MOWhocth. BoeBbie jihctkh, paccKa3M- Baa 0 repoxx, BOcnHTWBajiK 6ohuob b Ayxe MaccoBoro repoH3Ma. repoiwecKHfi noABHr oahoto l6ofiua poxgiaji acchtkh hobux h HOBbtx nocjieAosaTejiefl. BoeBue jihctkh yxpenJiHJiH BoeHHue TpaAHUKH CoHuob Ka- 3aXOB, CnoCOCCTBOBaAH TOMy, HTO MyjKeCTBO H CroflKOCTb B 6010 CTaHOBHJIHCb TpaAHlIHOHHHMH, 06H3aTejIbHbIMH iB J IB KaiKAOTO BO- HHa xa3axa, ajih xa*Aoro mojioaoto Coflua. Ohh 38(5otjihbo bu- pauiHuajiii, ytxpenjiHAH sth cjiaBnue rpaAHAHH. B xaiKAOM noA-

pa3zie.nc.HHn hmczich CBofl repofi, y KoToporo yiajiHCb, no koto- poMy paRHHJiHCbGofiuu, o xoTopoM pacCKasuBazia KpaciioapMefi- IiaM-HOBHTKaM. IlapTHs npozxejrajia orpoMayio paiGoTy b aene cbhsh $poHTa c TbmoM, KOTopaa HMejia neoueiiaMoe 3HaaeHae zuia BocnaTaHM coBeTCKoro naTpHOTH3Ma h couaajiHCTHaecKofi «anHoiia,ibHoa ropAOCTH y bohhob Ka3axOB na tppoHTax OreaecTBeHHoft boShn. CBH3b (jjpOHTa C THZIOM ZMil BOCnHTaHHH COBeTCKOTO naTpno- TH3Ma noJiyiHJia caMue pa3Hoo6pa3Hbie <t>opMU h bhah. ko- Topbie BucoKo izeHHJiHCb napTaefi h CoBeTCKHM rocyaap- CTBOM. KaaaxcKHe cfipoHTOBbie rasetu hoctohhho ocBeiua.ia Hanps- xce»Hyio, KHnyayio BoeHHyio paGory rpyaaiunxca Kasaxeiaaa b THzry na noMomb 4>ponry. Koraa c hoboh chjioA pa3BepHy.ioct couHajiHCTH'iecKoe copcaHOBatme napoAOB Ka3axciaHa b no- Mouib (]>poHTy, Konaa cJipoiiT CTaji nozryiaTb eme Sozibiue npoao- BOAbCTBHa, GoenpanaooB, h«J)th, K0r.na Ha cpeacTBa Tpyaamax- ch Kasaxciaiia Gmah nocipoeHbi HOBbie cothh rpo3Hbix Goenbix MauiHH, Ka3axcKne (jjpoHTOBue ra3eTH erne TecHee cTaziH cbswh- BatbCH C TbIAOM. Ha CTpaHHuax Ka3axcK«x 4>poiiTOBbtx ra3eT BbicTyna.iH pyKO- BOflamae paGoTHHKH Kasaxorana, nepeAQBHKH HapoAHoro xo- 3aftcTBa h Ko;ixo3aoro npoH3B<JACTBa — A . TAeyHaGaAOB, Mara- HaK BepcHeB, Xafizzah, P. H6paeB, K- IlpHMOB, O. OHrapGaeBa — h BbiaaioiUHeca npeACTaBHtejiH HHTCAAHreHUHH — napoAHuS aKbia /Iwa-MSya HxcaGaeB, axaAOMHK K- H. CarnaeB, nacaieAH M. AyaaoB, C. MyKaHOB a Apyrae. Tewu CTaTefi Guam: «flpyxGa HapoAOB*, «Ka3axcTan— <j>poHTy», «<I>aniHCTbi— saHJiaTue opa- ra Ka3axcKoro HapoAa», «Ka3axcTaH — MoryaHfl apceHazi Co- BeTCKoii Ap.MBB*, «>Khbothoboactbo Ka3axcTaaa na noflbeMc». «BoeHHuft ypozKafo, «ntxiroTOBxa pe3epB0B aa a CoBeTCKoft Ap- MHH», «KaK MU IIOMOraeM COMbAM CppOHTOB»KOB>, «)KeHWHHbE Ka3axcraHa b OTeaecTBeHHoii Bofae», «yaenue Ka3axeraHa — <JjpoHTy», «MaTb <j)poHTOBHKa», «B ceMbe BOHHa», «Ka3axcTaH- cKHe nacaTezra ® ah h boShus, «C.iaBBhie c u h u Ka3axcKoro Hapo- Aa MaxHK ra6uyjuiHH, Tyxerea ToxTapoB», «repoB>iecKaH Tpa- Ahuhs Ka3axcKoro HapoAa* a r. a . Bee sto noAHHMa.fio GoeBoif Ayx y bobhob Ka3axoB, yAecATepnao hx chjiu, jiaBano hm raram- cKoe MopaAbHoe npeB0CX0ACT80 nan BparoM. Poab Ka3axcKofi ^poHTOBoft neaaTH b aezie Mo6HAH3aiiHif bohhob Ka3axoB Ha parHue noABara h BoenHTaHHH y hhx co- BeTCKoro natpaoTH3Ma 3aHHMaeT noaeTHoe Mecro. Ha CTpaHHuax Ka3axcxoft ifpoHTOBofi neaaTa Guam oToGpa»KeHu Gecnpmiep- HUe nOABHTH COBeTCKHX BOHHOB, B TOM HHCJle BOHHOB Ka3aX0B, 3aneaaT.ieH repoHaeoKHfi rpya Ka3axcKoro aapoAa. npoflAyr ro- 236

au, h HCTopHKH 6yayr ofipamaTbca k Ka3axcKoft (JipoH-roBoii ne- qacrH aaa H3yqeHHH hctophh 6opb6hi KasaxcKoro Hapoaa cob- MecTHO c npeacTaBHTeasiMH apyr-Hx Hapoaos otpothb HeMeiiKo- (JjauiHCTCKHx 3axBaTqHKOB- C fijiaroaapMocTbio ohh GyayT nepe- •TIHCTMBafTb CTpaHHItbl Ka3aXCKOft 4>POHTOBO0 neiaTH, C03jaBaTb HCTopHio CapbGbi Ka3axcKoro Hapoaa 3a »H3iib, 3a qecrb, cbo- 6oay h He3aBHCHMocTb. Byaymee noKojiemie Gyaer nepe'iHTbi- eaTb Ka>Kflyio CTpony sthx ra3CT, ancTOBOK, hCo Ha CTpannuax Ka3axcKo0 (ppoHTOBoii neqaTH HanncaHU raouie npeKpacnbie cao- Ba, KaK BOT 3TH CTpOKH BOSHHOTC) JKypHaJIHCTa, COJiaaTa Be.THKofl OTeMCCTBeimoft boShh, Bay6eKa ByaKbimeBa: «MHoro a BHaea KpacHBbtx aymibix Hoaeii, ho ceroaHaiiiHaa ocoGeimo nopaataeT MeHH,— 'Boab 3TO HO'ib nepea GoeM... H bot, b spy hotb ncpaa 60- eM MHe xoneTca CKa3aTb PoaHHe, Hapoay. qeaoBeaecTBy. H aioG- JIIO JKH3Hb, a XO’iy HCHTb... 3H3H) BCe OnaCHOCTH 6oa, a 3H310, qeM pHCKyjo, TeM 3HaaHTeabiHee aaa mohs stot 3aiBTpaiHHHii Ka3axcKH0 Hapoa, xoTa snepeue yaacTBOBaa b Taxoft BeaH- «ofl BoflHe, Kax OTeaecTBemiaa Boiraa, ho tom He Menee oh no- xa3aa ce6a HapoaoM-repoeM, HapoaoM-BOHHOM, iiapoaow, HMeio- ihhm CBoe npeKpacHoe Haeroauiee, GaecTamee Gyaywee. Oh, xa- 3axcKKH Hapoa, Tenepb HMeeT cboio Soraiyro soewHyio hcto- PHIO. TaK»M oGpaaoM, b roabi OTeqecpBeHHOii bohhbi BaJKHeSwHM cpeacTBQM yKpenjieHH-a uiHpoaafiiuiHx CBH3efl napTHH c Macca- MH, MOCHJTH3aHHii BCeX CHH COB6TCKHX JliOaefi H 0praHH33<UHH HX Ha npeoaoneHHe TpyaHocTefl BoeHHoro BpeMeHH aBiiaacb naefiHo- noaHTHaeC'Kaa paGora KiOMMyHHCTHiecKofi napTHH. KoMMyHHCTHaecKaa napTHa c nepBbix aneft boShm CTaaa ax- THBHO HCn0JIb30BaTb TBKHe MOIUHbie CpeaCTBa HaeflHO-nOJIHTH- necKoro BocnHTaHHa TpyaamHxca, KaK ycTHyio a Haraaa«yio aTH- TauHio, paaHO, neiaib, aBHBUiaeca octpum h cHabiibiM opywH- eM noaHTWHeoKofl paGorw napx»H a Maocax. Hff'noab3ya MHoroaHcaeHHbie cpeacTBa anrraHHOHHO-npana- raHaHcrcKoft paSoTu, napTHa BocnHTbmaaa Hapoa b ayxe pe- BOalOHHOHHOfi GaHteJIbHOCTH, HaeflHOfl C03H3TeabHOCTH, HCHOrO noHHMaHHa aeaefl BofiHbi h opraHH3cmaHHocTH. Oaa HacToflqHBo Gopoaacb c GaaroayraiHeM h GecneiHOCTbio, BocnHTtiBaaa npe- 3peHHe k Tpyca/M h KoaeGaromHMca aioaaM. napTHa Bocnimi- Ba.ia b cobctokom Hapoae HeHaBHCTb k Bpary, noearHy®meMy Ha ero jKH3Hb h cBoGoay. Oha pafloGaaqHna <pauiH3M, ero Haeoao- thk), ero rHycHyio pacoByro, HeaoBeKOHeHaBHCTHHiecKyio TeopHW, uejiH h 3aaaHH 3aTeHHHoft hm Hecnpa'BeaaHoofi, 3axBaTHHqeoKoft boShu. 3aoaea«Ha, pa3pymeHHa h Hacnana, MHHHMue cpauiHCT- CKHMH 33XBaTHHKaMH Ha TeppHTOpHH Hanieg CTpaHbl, KOBap-

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ah noJiHTHKO-npooBGTHTGJifaHbie yupe>KAeHHH, craBume bo BpeMH BOHHbi aKTHBHbiMH noMoiuHHKaMH riapTHSubix opiranH3auHft B 6opb6e 3a Mo6HJiH3auHK> Bcex chji xpecTbsiHCTBa na noMouib <J)poHTy. KojixosHoe KpecTbaHCTBo Ka3axcraHa b nepnoA OTe'iecTBeH- HOfl BOfillbl, lipOSBHJIO B HCTOpHH flepeBHH BHCOK06 C03UaHHe oCmeiHapoaHux HHTepecoB, .uofioBb k csoefl couHajiHcnMecKofl Poflltlie, K KoMMyHHCTHHeCKOfi napTHH, K KOJIX03HOMy CTpOK). B IlpOB6A6HHH arHTaMHOHHO-iMaCCOBOH paCOTbl BO BpeMJI BO0- Hhi Soabiuyio pojib Cbirpa.ia coBercxan HHTeaaitreHim». Cothh Tbica'i yiHTe.'ieH, Bpaqefi, arponoMOB h HnweHepoB paGoTaaa nponaraHAHCTaMH h armaTopaMH, Bean cpepn naceaeiiHsi no.iH- THnecKyio paOory, pa3bacHHan TpypamHMCfl npoircxoAnutae co- ObiTHa, BOBJieKaaa hx b aKTHBayio 6opb6y c BparoM. Boaunoe BocnHTaTeabHoe 3HaneHHC bo BpeMa bohhh hmc.ih coseTOKaa jmveparypa h Hcxyccrao. CosHaTeabHOCTb h HaefiaocTb — caMwft BawHhifi hctohhhk ch- jiu coBeTCKoro Hapoja. BeanKoft cHAoft, oBaaaeBuiefl co3HaHHe.vt Macc MHoroMHjiaaoBHoro coBeTCKoro HapOAa, HBHaca coBercxaS naTpHOTH3M, poJK.ieHHijfi c03H3HHeM Aoara nepea PoahhoB. To- paaaa atoOoBb k PoAHHe, k KoMMyHHCTHaecKoft napTHH, k Co- BetCKOMy npaaHTeabCTBy a a j i a thchhh repowaecKHX noABHroB Ha (j)pOHTe H B Thiay. CoBeTCKHft n3TpHOTH3M nopoAHA Taxoe Bce- HapoAHoe OTHweime, xax c6op cpepcTB b (|>oha oSopoiibi cTpa- Hbl, Ha CTpOHTeJlbCTBO TaHKOBbIX KOJIOHH H aBHaiiHOIIHblX COeflH- HeuHH, Bcecoi03Hue BocxpecHHKH, c6op tenabix Bemeft aaa Co- BeTCKOH ApMHH, HOAapKOB (jipOHTOBHKaM H MHOrHe ApyrHe BHAbI 11OM01UH <j)pOHTy. B caMbie rpyAHHe aas Poahhm ahh coBerrcxHe aioah noxa3a- AH HeBHAaHHyiO C03HaTeabH0CTb H OpraHH30BaHHOCTb, repOH3M h SoraTbipcKyio cnay Ayxa. Hash aenHHH3Ma, hash KoMMyHHCTH- qecKofl napTHH HBHAHCb 3HaMeHCM, noA KoropbiM 6opoaea co- BeTCKHft HapoA npoTHB (JiaiHHCTCKHx 3axBaTiHKOB h nofiewflaa KoMMyHMCTHHecKaa napTHH b ahh bomhu erne TecHee comk- hyaa cboh pnnu, craaa eme 6oaee HenoKoaefiHMoii h eAHHofi. BeaHiaftinaH caaa KoMMyHHCTH'iecxofi napTHH saxaRjiaerca b TOM, HTO, pyKOBOACTByflCb BO BCefl CBOefi AeHTeabHOCTH MapKCHCT- cKo-aeH»HoKoft Teopnefl, Ha Kajkaqv arane, Ha kaikaom KpyroM noBopoTe, b hctophh Hainero rocyAapcTBa yMeeT naxoAHTb b uena ctohiuhx 3aAan ochobhuc 3BeHbH, BsaauiHCb 3a KOTopue, oaa ycnemHO AooraraeT uean. Tax aefiCTBOBaaa napTHH h b ro- Abi OreHecTBeHHofi boBhu. L1,K KoMMyMHCTH'iecKoft napTHH CoBercRoro Cox>3a nocro- hhho pyxoBOAHa HAeftHO-noaHTHqecKOH pafioToS Mecrawx nap-

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