KOJ-OWHTeM. Kociiom mapcKOro HiiTe.i.iHreina cMeHeH Ha Ka3axcKHH xa- ,iaT, iuiotho 3aTHHyrafl KyinaKOM.. OKpoBaBJieHHwfi h pacrcp3aHHhift npeAcraeT MyranHM nepefl ye3flHWM HaHaabHHKOM. Ho ayx ero He cjioMJieii. C orpoMHoii chjioB fipocaeT oh 6 1npoponecKHe CAOBa: «/Ihh tboh coHremi, cxopo pa.iBeeicH MpaK». CMy- mcHHiifl no ea«Tej!b He MoxeT nafira oTBeTa, oh toamco xpHmiT h b He- cnucyeMoii apocTH c rnientoft CpocaeTcn a n^eHHHxa. >Ky3Taii.iaK npHcyTCTByeT npH srofi cuene, OaeTaa bo bco lepHoe, MpaMHo chaht ona, noHHKHyB ro.ioBoii, n cnyuiaeT njiaMeHHyio peib Myra- .mwa. Xy3Taii.iaK noHHMaeT, vro, hccmotph Ha BpeMemioe nopaweme. 6napOA 0Ka3a.icn cmibHee Ccwibica, CHAbHee ye3Aiioro; ntno JKaHTaca, Aeao napofla no eaHT. IlocTaHOBiuHK cneKTamiH K). SI. PyTKOBCKiiS noAonie.i baymmhbo k rae- 6 6ce. ypoBCHb pexHccepcxofi paOoTbi 3aecb 3iiaHHTejibiio bhiuc,icm b apymx nocranoBKax sthx net. 3aecb ha b xaxAoft cuene npHcymHii eft pHTM h o inee iiapacTaHHe aeftcTBHH. Bupa3HTMbHue MH3aHCuenu xopouio ncxpH- BajIH CyillHOCTh npOHCXOflamHX COOblTHil. 3a TeMy 1916 rofla Ka3axcxHft TeaTp Spa-icn HcoaHOKpamo, no hh b oahom cnexTaxAe ne nan TaKofl uiHpoKoii KapiHHbi Hapo.woro BOCCTaHHfl. taxHx HpKHx, yGeAHTeiibHux, 3axoimefmux o6pa30B repoeB bocct3hhh h ero BparoB. 3to Aerxo ycTanoBHTb xoth 6u H3 cpaBHeima ■iTyiirn capbiHs c Apy- rHM cneKTaxjieM Ha ry x e TeMy, onepofi «/Ka.a6up>, nocra&iieHHoft My- suxaAbHUM TeaipoM >ia 10 MecaueB no3Aiiee, b OKTsfipe 1935 roaa. IQlfi rn°CIi0r y J'w PT '° 0neP“ nOAOXeilU nOAAHIIHbie C06bITHH HCTOpHH a‘ , M' Kajl6uP H er0 6paT EaeMec — npeACTaBHTe.iH xa3axcxo8 ““““ ■ 6cTBue — nr°fiMHOrOM CX01KH-B «Xaa bipe» Tax xe pa3BepTUBaeTCH AeS- ofie Hi!?, paccTaH0BKe AeficTByioiAHx aim, h no nocTpoeHHio acActbhh 60Boii mrr:in n -T0BUX T \" K KaPTH\"aM BOCCTaUHH, T3K Xe BIIAeTeil blT - 1600 6 6«aH ¥ 6r HypKaH0M’ a «>KaA bipe» Cpar Boaoernoro yl ' «a JHD BH S 3aBH3Ke: iioaoOho opb e 3a Myp- 6KoropyK, aio ht Fjiput-rS?ryP ntJTaeT£? aaBAaAeib xpacaBHueB XaAHniofl, aABoxaiy KaxeHV— v n Z l ? 3 K*0TTyH0prM0r0 CTaaKp“*He* ySiiBaiOT noBCTaimuB, T Ha“H0Ha^CT JKaxyn. Ho b «>Kaa5bipe» er° * eH“ Hafl SbiioBue cn?„?fy ~ 3 XaflBmo4cbhuikom BbiABHHyru H S C ™ , \" ' 1' \" \"
06pa3bi cTyrn-H capuH> HecpaBiieHHo coAepjxaTeAbHeil u r.iy&Kc. KapTHHbi Boccraima — apae, y6eaHTMWieft. MHorHe H3 nepcoHawefl <TyHrH capuH* AaAexo nepepoow paMKii 3Tofi nbecu h 6uah BocnpuHflTid 3pHT6jicM KaK uinpoxo o6o6meHHue 06- pa3H KasaxcKoii hch3hh, TanwiecKH npeACTaanaBuiHe cboio anoxy. AHaJiorHHHbie o6pa3bi hohb.th.ihci, Ha cueHe h paHbiue, ho b 6neAHUx. KOHTypHbix 0'iepTaiiHsx; TOAbxo b «TynrH capbiH* oira aocthmh bucokoh xyAOJKecTBeHHOfl Bbipa3HTeAbHocm flpyrae o6pa3i>i aioft nbecu, HaoCopoT. BnepBue xapaxTepH30BaAH HOBue, eme He OToGpaweHHue ApaMaTypraMH rpynnu oOmecrBa h noAyHHAH 6onee uinponoe pa3BiiTne b nocneAyxnuHX cnexraxAHX. 06pa3 JKaHTaca, HecoMHeHHO, npoAonxan cepmo o6pa30B MonoAoro anaro ayna. Ho b X am ac e 6buio h mhoto npHHminHanbiio hoboto fiaTpana, >KH3Hb xoToporo cnoniaHa (JieoflanbHoA BnacTbK) AopeBoniouHomio- na3ax- ckoh cueHu. Ilbecu ABaAuaTux toaob — <3apnux» hah «nepH3ar—Pa- Ma3aH» — noAnepKHBa.iH yrHeTeHHOCTb, 3a6HTOcxb Gaipaxa. TonbKO b 6aT- pane, npojKHBiueM yxce AecHTb n e t npn coeexcxoil babcxh, xax B oaax hah OpbinOeii b «Tapxuc», ApaMaTyprn bhacah npoSysKAenne KnaccoBoii C03Ha- TeAbHOCTH. XaHTac — Caxpax 6onee paimeft snoxn: AeficxBHe npoHcxoAHT 3a roA ao peBOAKmHH, ho Bee Ate oh noAOH peBOAWUHOHHoro Ayxa. Ha npHMepe )KaiiTaca Apawaxypr noxa3an craHOBAeHHe nepsux co- 3HaTeAbllUX 6opuOB H3 CpeAU Ka3aXCK0ft fieAHOTU, KOTOpUe BCTynHAH Ha nyn> peBOAiouHOHHoft 6opb6u c ijieoAaAbHUM raeTOM. ripaBAHBOCTb, THnii'IHOCTb STOrO 06pa3a, 0C06eHH0 B o6cTaH0BKe 1916 roAa, noAXBepmAaexca npHMepaMH AMaHreAbAH, /IwaHrH.ibAiiHa h hx CnOABHTKHHKOB, npOHeCUJHX 3H3MH BOCCTaHHH H3 1916 TOAa B OxTHfipbCXyiO peBOAiouHio. XaHTac HenocpeACTBeHHo npHMUKaeT k hhm h b xaxofl-xoMe- pe npoAaraeT ApaMaTypran nyib k o6pa3y AManreAbAN, noaBHBineMycH Ha Ka3axcKofl cueHe npHMepHo >iepe3 ABa roAa nocae «TyHra capuH». 06pa3 CTapHKa — CeAHHxa TaHexe b «TynrH capuH» xaKxe xpaxTO- BaH coBepuieHHO HHaie, ieM b paHHefl ApaMaryprHH. HanpHMep, b «3apAuxe» Coahhk jje.wecHH — cnaCuii h 3a6Hxuft, cKAOHHiomHft roAOBy nepeA CaeM. B TaHexe noAiepKHBaeTcn fiypHuil 3a- Aop, fioeBofi Ayx, npe3pHTeAbHoe onioineiiHe x npoAaxcHUM nocoOHHxam nap- CKOrO XOAOHH3aTOpCTBa. Kax xpynHoe, THmwecxoe ofioSmeHHe BocnpHHHMaAca o6pa3 axcaxaAa KuAuina b HcnoAHeHHH Cepxe KowaMxynoBa. Oh AaBaa npeACTaBAeHHe o ueAoA snoxe b *H3HH Ka3axcTaHa, xorAa npoAa»Hue, ABoeAytuHue «t>eo- AaAbHue crapmHHU paAH coxpaHeHHH coficxneHHoro aBTopmeTa npecMuxa- AHcb nepeA uapcxHMH ‘iHHOBHHxaMii, 3a noAanxH npoAaBaAH HapoAHue hh- Tepecu. 101Iloxa3aB b nbece TpH pa3AHinux o6pa3a xa3axcxHX HHTeAAHreHTOB.
H36e*ail OAKOCTOPOHHOCTH, CVMM oOliilCKHTb OCHOBHHC nyTH, 110 KO- iiuio pa3BHTHe xa3axcK0ii MHTeiuiHreHUHH B TOAbi BWiHKOro nepeBO. P°TabflHa iacTb ee, bC6mh cbohmh HHTepecaMM CBH3aHaaa c <]>eoAaAbHoft BepxyuiKoS h KpynHUM GaficTBOM, Bee wiOTHee CMbiKaaacb c hhm k, notrre- neaKO cxaTiuiacb b aarepb KOHTppeao.iiouHH n 6buia CMereaa c apenu ac- Topaa. 06pa3 ajiauiopabiima KapaMa, npeaaioinero HapoA a H30Jiraouiero- ca nepeA cbmmm coGofi b nonuTKax onpaBAaib CBoe noBeAeHae, npeapacHo xapaKTepMOBSA sty oGiuecTBcmiyro rpynny. IlpeACTaBKTeAH Anam-OpAU noaojiiuiacb Ha cucHe a paHbiue, ho HHKoma He Gh a h pa3o6aaaeHu c Ta- KOHCHAOfi H OCTpOTOft. flpyraa aacTb aa3axcKofi HHTejuiareHuuH, Gjinwe CBa3aiiHaa c Hapo- Aom, npoHHKiuaaca ero HHTepecaMH, b roAbi HcmaTauafi 0TKa33Aacb ot Ha- uaoaaAHCTHaecKofi HAeoAoraa h ‘iecrao npHMKHyaa k napOAHOMy craHy, uieAuieMy a Hory c peBOArouaeft. _ 06pa3 MyrajiHMa Caijia Bnepnbie b Ka3axcK0M Teaipe c laxoB rny6a- aofl h apaocTbio BCKpbiBaJi 3tot npouecc nepecTpoiiKH /iiiGepa.'ibHoro hh- lejuiiireHta, BbimeAUiero hs fiypjKya3Ho-HauHOHa.incTiiMecKOH cpcAM. Oh Aa- b»ji npeACTaiijicHHe o ueaofl iioaocc b pa3BiiTHH Ka3axcKofi KyabTypu, o HaaaBurefica_nocae peBOAioiura 1905 roAa GopbGe nepeAOBofi, AeMOKpaiaaecKH HacrpoeiiHoa moaqacikii 3a npocBemeHHe, CBercKyio Hayxy, 3a oOHoaaeHHe 06pa3 nepeaoaoro nHTeaaHreiiTa, BayuaaBoro acaaTeafl npasnu, caa- 3aHHoro co cbohm HapoAOM, Go.ieioiuero 3a ero cyAbfiy, hmcct b acTopaae- ckom npouuioM K33axcKoro Hapoaa rayfioKae icopHH, noABOAamne k t3khm nepeAOBbiM AeaieaaM HanaoHaabiioa xyabTypu, xaK AGafi KyaaiiGaeB, H6- paa AaTbiiicapiiH h MoaaH BaaHxaaoB. B AaAbHeftuieM noAo6iib.fi ofipa3 noAyaaA ita maxcKofi cuene eme CoJiee mapoKoe h yr.iyGAeHiioe pa3BH- 8T, HHKaK0My eoMHeHHio h TanaiHocTb Tperhero aiiTeAAHren- cneKTaKJIe- - MOAHOro mcro.ia )KyHyca. B Ty snoxy, 86 06raecree B m L ’ r T ™nbl AeScraaTeAbHo nonBiuiacb b Ka3axcaoM CKOR KVAbTvooft8 6oJlec UIHP°K0 conpHKacaTbca c ropOA a b cooeTCKVKi neBr™™ flpyrHX nePe* HTK0B cTaporo fibiTa ohh nepeiDAH aa C a T aeHC™ bH°™>. ho KyAbrypHb.fi poor crpaabi butcchha hx HH, a A ™ B » r ?HOmmreP°H HOCCTaHHS He craTHH- C03HaTeAbH0CTB Knan*^u^laKHM °®Pa30M nOKa3aH pocr peBOJIlOUHOHHOfi X arnac — npocrofi a y la u f i fiarpaK - notneAHax hjuuoshS B K6™ 8, ciaPHK TaHexe ocBoGowAanca ot noKopaau cjiy*a„Ka aotoZ ^ n « * ^ bm0r0 HaMajIbCTBa», flHAbAa, sHaaaAe )02 CneKTaioib X ’p S S S S J f BLple°A“ayio AeCreBH0AHyM,rKoocraoopayaioM-pacnpocrpa-
flfuiH HeicoTopue hctophkh, nonnaBuiHe non bjimhhhc 6ypwya3HMx HauHOHa- jihctob, o HKoSbi BHeK-iaccoBOM enHHCTBe Ka3axcKoro ay.ia b ahh Boccra- hhh, o pyKOBojiuuefi pojiH fiaficTBa h naunoiia.-iHCTOB b HaponsoM boc- craHHH. H Bee we, HecMOTpn na Bee am 3acnyra, KapTHHa BoccraHHg, Haptt- coBaHHaa cneicraKjieM <TyHrH capbiH», China Heno/wa h nenocTaToiHo ncp- cneKTHBHa, w o w raac we OTMerana BiiHMaxenbHaa apHTHKa. OchobhoD HenodaTOK cneicraium coeroan b tom, wo b HeM He non- neprayTa npyw6a Ka3axcxoro h pyccaoro Hapona, hbho CKa3aBiuaaca it xone BOCCTaHHa. B HeM hc 6una BOBce noaaaana pyccnaa 6enHOTa, co- 'tyBCTBeHHo OTHOCHBmaaca k noBcraHMM. flpyroft HenocTaTOK cneKTauia npoHCTeKan ot toto, wo asrop TpaKTO- Baji BoccTaHHe 1916 rona KaK HauHOHanbHo-ocBoGonHTenbHoe ABHweHHe MecTHoro 3Ha'ieHHH, He 3aMcnan, w o 3to oahh H3 wanoB peBoaiouHOHHoro tioniiCMa, napacTaBinero no Been Pocchh b ro w nepnoii MttpoBoft boAhu. pacinaTUBaBuiero ycTOH caMonepwaBHa h HenocpencTBeHHo npHBenuiero k peBOjnouHH 1917 rona. TonbKO nonrona omenano BoccTaHHe b CpenHefi Ashh o r CBepweHHa cauonepwaBHa. B pane mcct, oco6chho b Typrae, rne neficTBOBan AMaHrenbnbi, BOCcraBimte nepwanncb eme npn BpeMeHHOM upaBHTenbCTBe, Coponncb 3a ycTaHOBneHHe coBeTCKoii B.iactH b Kasax- Bot 3Tofi-To nepcneKTHBbi — ot naponHoro ABiiwentta 1916 rona k IieAHKOMy Oirrafipio — He bhaho 6uao b cneiaaKAe, rne BoccraBmHe 3a- paHee lyBCTBOBa.iH ce6a o6pe'ieHHhiM«, He HacrynanH, a oGopoHgAHCb, ro- TOBHAHCb K 6eTCTBy B KlITafl. OnTHMH3M B nOCJieAHHX cuenax 3HaiHTe.nbH0 iioahsm 6u ofiinyio 3Ha>iHMocrb cneKTaKAa. HecMOTpa Ha HCKOTopbie HenociancH, nbeca «TyHrn capbiH* China coayBCTBeHHO npaHHTa oGmeCTBeHHocrbio pecny&iHKH. Hmchho Ha Hefi oc- raHOBHjj BbiCop pyccKHfl Tearp b AjiMa-Aie, norna 3anyMan nocTaBHTb Ha eeoefi cueHe npoii3BcaeHHe H3 wh3hh Ka3axcraHa. H a pyccKofl cueHe sTyma capbra* non Ha3B3HHeM iHoiHbie pacaa- Tbi» 6luih cbirpatibi b MapTe 1937 roAa, Taawe b noCTaHOBKe K). Jl. Pyt- KOBCKOro” . HocTaHOBKa BtinoAHanacb b tcchom KOHTaicre c Ka3axcKHM TeaTpoM. Ha 3tot pa3 pyccKHe aKTepu o6paiuaaHCb 3a coBeiaMH h noMouibio k aa- 3axcKHM coTOBapHinaM. Abtop h awepbi Ka3axcaoft Tpynnu nocroaHHO ffipHcyTCTBOBaAH Ha peneTHUHax, naBana pa.TbnciieHHH no BonpocaM HauH- oHanbHoro 6uTa, noMoraAH kphthkoh. CnewaKAb «TyHTH capHH», noeraBAeKHUH cHaaana Ha Ka3axcKoA cue He pewHccepoM pyccaoro TeaTpa, 3aTeM Ha pyccaoA cueHe, Ha pyccaoM ashiKe, HMaeTca apKHM npHMepoM conpywecraa nsyx TeaTpoB, CBHne- TenbCTBOM B3aHM0AeHCTBHH AByX SpaTCKHX HaUHOHaAbHWX KyAbtyp.
nepBUii nepHOA xyAOWeCTBeHHO- rue noKa3UBaioi, mo luianuMcpiiuc uouucnn^ ■' V, MomHbift To-woK TBopqecKO.wy pa3BHTHK> Ka3axcRoro TeaTpa. HaiaACfl 3a- MeTHbiii noBOpor ot hahbho HaTvpajmcTJi'iecKiix h BTiiorpacjiH'ieoKHX noera- hobok 20-x toaob k peaAHCTHiecKOMy, rayCoKO npOAyMaHHOMy, cowiaflbHO o6ocHOBaHHOMy cncKTaKJiio. Ho Bee we bto 6ha TOAbKO nepouft uiar Ha nyffl k TBopqecKoii 3pexocTii b ofoiacTH nan aKTepcKofi iirpu, Tax h xyAOweCTBeH- Horo o^opMAeHHH cnexTaxAH. KyAbiypa enemakasi HecoMHcniio noBUCHAacb: noaniiAiicb cneuHaAb- liue aah KawAoii nocTBHOBKn Aexopamin; opraHH30BaHiiee, CAaweHHee npo- xoah.io AeHCTBHe Ha cueiic. Ho AeKopanmi Cmm Bee we 6eAnoBarbi, a morAa (Kan b nocraHOBKe «Ehahx—Ke6ex») He cooTBeTCTBOBaAH HAee cneKTaKAH. B pewHecepeKOH pa3penieHHH cnexTaKAefi lie qyBCTBOBaAOCb eAHHoro nocraHOBOBHoro 3aMbic.ia, KOTOpOMy noAHHHHAiiCb 6bi Bee xomho- BeHTH CneKTaKAH. HcnOAHHTeAH Hay’lHAHCb C03H3TeAbH0 pafiOTarb HaA pOAblO, HCKaTb H pacueiiHoaTb o(ipa3 Ha ocuose HAeSiioro pa36opa nbecu. Ohii HayiHAHCb Aepware BHvrpeHHioio ahhhio poah h noATOHHTb Hrpy HAee cnexTaxAH b tie- aom. B o6pa3ax craporo ayAa, npoAOAwaBumx nosiBAHTbcsi iia cuene, ax- Tepn Tenepb npoAyMaHHeft BCXpuBaAii hx KAaccoByio npHpoAy, HCxaAH BHeniHioio xapaxrcpHocTb iia ocuoBe comia-ibnoii cymHocTH ofipaaa. Tax HMeHHo cbirpaHw TaHexe—KyaiiuuinaeBUM, Kuamui—KowaMxyAOBUM, My-, raAHM Cacjia—BaAupoBbiM, Hypxan—KapMbicosuM. rioBbiuieHHe oOmero RVAbTypHoro ypoBHH h MacTepcTBa xa3axcxHX axTepoB noMorAO hm cnpa- BHtb~ca c~ mecaMH pFjy>c.vc.xr,ouriuo ocouBiicetictnxooro peneeppTiyapa. _®HaK0 nepeBOAHUe nbecu AaBaAHcb xoAAexTHBy 3HaqiiTCAbHO TpyA-
KA3AXCICnft TEATP—TEATP .AKAJlEMHTECKBii (1935-1938) JJjih HCKvccTBa HaimOHaJibHhix pecnyCnHK 1935—37 roam 6buni ne- pHOAOM HHTCHCHBHoro pocTa, nocKOJibxy HMeHHO Toraa naMeTHJica npouecc TCCHoro cnJioHeHHH xyfloxcecTBeHHHX xy^bTyp Hapofloo Haiuefl crpaHU c pyc- CKofi KyjibrypoH bo fjiaBe b eauaym MHoroHamionajjbHyio xynoweereeHHyio Ky^bTypy CoBeTCKoro Coro3a. npouecc 3tot Hanaacs c aHTeparypbi h 3axBarn.a 3aTeM Bee ocra.ib- Hbie BHflbf HCKyCCTBa. Ha ocHOBe nocTaHOBAeHHH L(K BKIl(fi) « 0 nepecTpofixe aHTepaTyp- HO-xyuoatecTReHiibix opraHH3aunfi» 6ua o6pa30B3H b 1934 rosy eflmtuii Cok>3 cobgtckhx micarejieR CCCP Baawen cymeciBOBaBniHx paHee h Ma- •no cBH3aHHUx Mextuy co6oii pecnySaHKaHCKHX accorocaiiHfi nponerapCKHX nacaTeJieft, paMKH Koropbix CTaaa )'3khmh h TopM03iuiH tioniHbiS pa3Max xyaoxcecrseHHoro TsopiecTBa. B 1936 rosy co3aan BcecoRMiiufi komhtct no AejiaM HcxyccrB, «e- nocpeacTBeiiHo c8H3ainibiii c HcxyccTBOM Kawaoft pecnyC.TOKH, k HeMy ne- penuio pyKOBoaciBO HauHOHajihHbtMH TeaTpaMM ot orpaHHienHbix b cbohx paMKax pecnyCaHKancKHx HapxoMnpocoB. R n a HauHOHajibHHX TearpoB, b tom nacne h nun Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa, &TOT nepexoa 03Haiaji H3MeHemie He tojibko BeuoMCTBenHoro noaiHHeHaa, ho h cymecraa Bcefi paSora: HenocpeacrBeHHO CBS3aHHuii c ueHTpoM, Bee- cokwhmm KOMHTeTOM, Ka*AbiB HaiiHOHaJibHbiH TeaTp occoHaBaji ce6n nox- HonpaBHbiM whom BejiHKoro coApyxecroa coneTCKHX rearpoB, oiuywajr BHHM3HHe K Ce6e CO CTOpOHhl BCefl COBCTCKOfl oCmeCTBeHHOCTH, CTaHOBHH- 105-
,-qacTHHKOM cipoHTWibCTBa eaHHoft MHoroHanHOHaabiiofi cobgtckoB xy- \\ tfSuiee owHBJiemie. HaiaBiueeca b c&nacra ncKyccTBa nocjie nocraHOB- •leHHa «0 nepecTpofine anTepaTypHO-xyao*ecTBeHHbix opraiiraaiwB*, cxa- 3aaocb h Ha Ka3axcKOM TeaTpa;ibHOM HCKyccTBe, pa3BHiHe Koroporo c 1935 roaa nonuio 6uctphmh TeMnaMH. Ha ocuoBe naaHa, H3jio*eiraoro b nocranoBJieHHax nap-run h npaBH- leJibCTBa Ka3axcraHa 1933 roaa, daaa CTpeMHTeabHo pacTH ceTb mccthhx TeaTpoB. 3a o.toh 1934 roa hhcjio TeaipoB b pecny&rmKe B03pocao c 4 ao 11, b Ha'iaae 1937 roaa tea-rpoB 6biao ywe 24, b 1940 roay — 34, H3 hhx CBblUie 20 Ka33XCKHX. HaH6o.iee CHiibiiue nauiioiiaabHue TeaTpw 6uan b AimoSHHCKe, Ka- para«ae, CcMimaaaTHKCKe, ypaabcae, MHMxeHTe. Bo3HHKHyB na 6a3e ca- MoaeaT&iibHbix KpyxKOB, 3Tii o6aacTHUe reaTpu nponum 'icpea nepaoa cryaHfiHofl yqeOu h aofiHHHCb xopomHx xyaowecTBeHHbix ycnexoB. Ohh era- BHJiii 6<wibnxHe cneKTaKaH, npiiTOM nonepesieHHO apaMaTHHecKKe h My3H- Kaabiiue. PenepTyap coctohji npcHMyiuecTBCHHO H3 nbec HaiptOHaabHOH apaMaiypran, noaropaa b Coabuiofi Mepe penepTyap CTOJiiiqiioft cueHu. H3- .™>6jiemiUMH npoH3BeaeiiHaMH, Han6onee aoaro aepwaBUiHMHca Ha cne- Hax oCjiacTHbix TearpoB, 6u.th apaMbi «Eh.ihk—Ke5e«» h «TynrH capuH>, My3biKaabHbie nbccu «A0Ma« — UloanaH» h «Ku3->KhCok», Ka3axcKH0 apaMaTHHecraft TcaTp poc, onpyweHHbiii BHHMariHCM h 3a- 6oto8 napTHH, npaBHTeabCTBa h Bcefi o6mecTBeHHocrH cboch pccny6aHKH. Ha noaaepwKy leaipa npaBHTeabCTBo omycicaao see Oo.ibiniie cpea- cTBa.CwcTa TeaTpa ymamiHaacb c 280 thchh b 1932 roay ao 425 rucaa b 1933 h 800 Thicaa - b 1934 roav. ra3en>i, b 1931—33 roaax noiTii He HirrepecoBaBuiHeca aeaTeabHO- 011,10 Teaxpa, c 1934 roaa craaH yaeaaTb eMy 3Ha*WTejibitoe BHHMaHHe, no- Memaa cootBCTCTByiomHe cran>H h peueH3HH na cneKTaiom\"
0 6 !116CTpana Ehjihk k Ke6exa; noc.'ie okohmshhh cnexTaxAH BMecro toto, mto6u noflHecTH aKTcpaM hbctu,onpoMerhio eryT k ocuiaAKe... Bee Taxxe HCHop- ■MaJIbHOCTH A AJKHU hlTb H33KHTU PyKOBOACTBO npHHfUIO MCpfcJ K yXpenAeilHK) TBOP'ICCKOH ABHTejlbHOCTH TeaTpa. K. nocraHOBKaM ero napsjy c HacoHOBbiM cra m npHBAexaTbcx Apyrae -pewHCcepbi, xyAOWHHKH, K0Mn03HT0pH. XyAoxcecTBCHHbiM pyxoBO- AHTejieM TeaTpa b 1935—37 roAax 6ha H. I*. BopoB, pewHecep, oOaaaau- IUH0 3H3HHTejlbHblM OnblTOM pa6oTH Ha nepHCpepHflHofi CIleHe H UlHpOKOH TBopnecKofl miHUHaTHBOH. JXo npHC3Aa b Ka3axcTaH oh pa6oTaji pewHCce- poM b HBaHOBe, BHaiajie b TeaTpe ripoAeTxynbTa, BMecTe c HaconoBUM, a nocjie ahkbhahuhh nponerxyAbra (1932) — b o&nacTHOM ApaMaTHuecxoM TeaTpe. Bonee BAyMiHBUM daji TeaTp npn cocTaBJieHHH penepiyapa: crpo*e othochjich k nbccaM HaiwoHaAbiiofi ApaMaTyprHH, crpeMwica BbiOnpaTb 6Ay-mme H3 coBeicKHx nbee («ApHCTOKpaTbi» H. IIoroAHHa, «JIw oBb jlpo- r.aa» K. TpeHCBa), CACAaA nepBufi mar k pyeexofl xnaccHxe, Ha<iaB c «Pe- BH3opa» H. ToroAH. Pyccxan coBercxaa h xAaccniecxan riheca, 3anaB 3Ha- •iHTeABHoe MecTo Ha ciiene TeaTpa, HBHJiacb 3aMeaaieabHbiM iipoboahhkom pyeexofi xyAOacecTBeHHoft xyAbTypu Ha HaiwoHajibHyio cueHy. CnexTaxAH Tcatpa eraah Oo-iee coAepjxaTeAbubiMa, raySoKHMH no mucah, supa3H- TeAbiiuMH no o6pa3aM. $IpKHM CBHAeTCAbCTBOM CnAOHeHHH BOeAHHO BCeTO MHOrOHaUHOHaAbHO- ro coBeTCKoro HCKyccrea, BbipaweHHeM hoboto 3Tana b ero pa3BHTHH hbii- AHCb AexaAbi HauHOHaAbHOro HCKVCCTBa OpaTcxiix pecnyfiAHx b Mockbc, xo- Tophre npouiAH ojma 3a Apyroft b 1936—41 roAax. J X j ih Bcex iiauHonaAbmjx TeaTpOB AexaAbi 6hah cthm.vaom xoAoceaAbHoro TBopaecxoro pocTa h yx- penneiwsi TBopiecxHx cha. CorpeTbie BHHMaiiHeM Mocxbu, TeaTpa npoHH- xaAHCb yBepeHHOCThio b cbohx TBOpqecxHX CHAax, 3aropaAHCb crpeMAeHH- CM K AaAbHCfilllHM XyAO*CCTBeilHblM AOCTHWeHHHM. flexana xa3axcxoro HcxyccTBa b Mocxoe, cocTOHBiuaaca b Mae 1936 ro- Aa, 6btAa BTopoft no every AexaAofi HauHonajibHoro Hcxyccrna (nocAe yx- paHHcxofl AexaAbi, b MapTe toto w;e roAa) h nepBOft H3 AexaA cpeAHe- a3HaTCKHx pecny6AHK. 6O cho bhhm yaacTHHxoM xa3axcxofi AexaAbi u a My3HKaAbHufl TeaTp, x 3T0My BpeMCHH yxe oxpenuiHft h noxa3aBiiiHiS Ha ctoahhhoB cneHe ABa cnexraxAH b (popwe My3HxaAbHofi ApaMtj: «Kbi3-)KH6ex» h «)KaA6bip», My3bixa Koropux cocTOHAa H3 HapoAHbix neceH h xroeB b oopaooTKe kom- no3HTopa E. T. BpycHAOBCKoro. ApaMaTHiecxaft TeaTp He abbba b MocxBe cbohx nocTanoBox, ho noxTH bch Tpynna ero yxacTBOBaAa b cnexTaxAxx 3 6My3bixaAbHoro Tearpa. Tax, nanpHMep, b «Kbi -XH ex» K. KyaiminnaeB nrpaA poAb xawa Ba3apCaa, C. KowaMxyAOB — poAb npeABOAHTe/is oTpa- Aa, CAeAOBaBmero 3a EexewaiiOM. 06e poAH Sh a h c rexcTOM, ho (5e3 ne- 6 6hhk. B «)Ka;iflbipe» oco eHHoro oAoSpeHHH mocxobcxoh kphthxh a o hach
ckoro Bowaica, K. BaAbipOB — b pona ye3AHoro Haia.ibHHKa. C ycnexoM yaacreoaaaH aicrepu ApaMbi a Ha 3aiuK)'iHTMbH0M KOHiiep- Te Aenaabi. Tot we E. yMyp3aK0B pa3tirpaa SAecb uaayio cneay rnaMaH- ckoto paaeima, B3flTyio H3 nbecu «ApitajiHK 6arup», ho pa3BepHyryio b 3aKOHHemibiH scrpaAMjft HOMep. K. KyaHUiunaeB HcnoAHHfl cboh .lymiHft paccKa3 «Kbi3 yaaiy* (dlpoAawa ACByuiKiis), nopa3HB 3pineaeii pa3ao- o6pa3iieM HHTOHauHa h jKHBOCTbio mhmhkh. Bo BpeMH paccma «ero noa- BaatHoe .muo to o3apa:iocb TopwecTByiouiefi yauSKofi, to Mopuwiocb b hc- AOBepiHBOM CTapyiiie'ibefi rpHiaacc. Oh luaicaJi, CMesuica, noApawa.1 irra- uaM, co6aKaM, rem an s\". ripe6biBaHHe b MocKBe, nocemeHHe jiyutmu TeaTpoB ctobhhu, BCTpe- ■ih h 6eceftu c h3bccthumh apracraMH, bhhmbhiic mockobckoR kphthkh, TiuareabHo pasCapaiimefi nos;a3anHbie cneKraiuiH,— Bee sto npoH3Beno or- poMHoe BneiaTaeHHe Ha yiacTHHKOB AeKaan, H3 Koiopux MHorae paHbine HHKoraa He Bue3wa;w 3a npeAcau CBoeS pecnyfiAHKH. Bee are pacumpsuio hx ropH30HT, 6yflHao HOBbie MbicJiK, yrayS-isao noiiHMaHHC 3aaa>i h nyieft pa3BHTHH cBoero HauHOHaabHoro reaTpa. riocae AeKaau Tpoe H3 apracTOB Ka3axcKoro ApaMaraiecKoro reaTpa — C. KowaMKyaoB, K. KyanumnaeB h E. YnypsaKOB — 6bian Harpawfle- hu opaeHaMH. B iiouBpe Toro we roAa C. KowaMKvaoBy, K. Kyaiiumnae- By V c Bop0[iy 6bwo nPHCBOei|o SBaraie HapoAii'oro apTHCTa pecnySaii- KH’ K(u,baablp08y H M' r ' Hac0H0By ~ 3BaHHe 3acayweHHoro apraaa JleKaAa b MocKBe, a Taxwe ycnenmue nocTaHOBKH b 1936 roAy coBer- ckoh nbecu «ApHCTOKpaTu» a KaaccHiccxoil komoakh «PeBH3op» noxa- 3Mn, hto Ka3axcKHii ApaMaTHiecKHfi TC3Tp noAomea k Tony ypoBHio xyA«- KArrl?\"00 3pejl0CTHl K0,0Pblft HMCJla B BHAy xo.i/ierHH HapKOMnpoca «~nepecTp^OHTbApLaOVoT°yCreamrpae TiamraiMOoT6<p2a030cMeH. vlar6op6au n19a3o3cnro°BAea nnDpHeMAoafaicrnaae-a ScrlednpJ14ra»yt.U..HKv ana0roflcpraeMa>ipKacHTpaya’ A?xyal0AMeMoHptreacHxHHMsairmena syMoCn6su no axrepPcxoMyy Ma- a o J r e ? ^ P„“ HT27PeZ t a KH K \" xyAowccTBeiiHyio 3Pe- hhm lofiH.iM'M ipeBpaaa 1937 roAa. «B cbh3h c AecuraaeT- nepeHMenoBaTb era b K a ™ Z u™ CyAapc™ eHI,oro ^PaMa™ liecKoro reaTpa THBecKHii Tearp>. HH rocyflaPCTBeHHIs,fi AxaAeMHnecxHft ApaMa- ACOK3HaanAHeTeLjibaHKUMK, ^6ocj^ibZuieclr\"oln^a aJOS ?T..a. ^ rrr°Mflar(iA^ecHHaTHHMaeeHra0eBaOHHTMa TeieaaaTopcab 10g ' 6 rofla- on°WaHHeM). 06mecTBeHHocTb pecny6AH-
HH Teiuio npHBeTCTBOBajia xyflOwecTBeHHyio 3pejiocn> CBOero CTapefmiero Tearpa, b jiaAbHefiimie ycnexa Koroporo TBepAo nepiuia« Ilpouecc opraHH3ai[HOHHoro cn.io'ieHHH coBeTcxnx HauHOHaAbHhix TeaT- poB conpoBOHCfla.nca cSjihwchhcm hx xyAOwecTBeHHo-TBopieCKHx ycTaHO- BOK, yCTBIIOBJICHHCM CAHHOrO TBOpneCKOrO MBTOAB, yTBep*aeHHeM Ha n03H- UHHX couhaAHCTH'iecKoro peaAH3Ma, KOTOpbifl Ha ilepBOM ci»e3Ae nncaTeneB b 1934 roAy npH3HaH h oxapanTepn3oiiaH xax uempaAbHoe pycao h BeAy- aiee HanpaBAeHHe coBeTCKoro Hcxyccrsa. B 6opb6e 3a coiwaAHCTHiecKHfi peaAH3M cobbtckhB Teaip Aa/i omop 'jywAbiM coBeTCKOMy HCKyccTBy TeieHHBM ipopMajiH3Ma h HaTypa.nn3Ma, vboahbiuhm b CTopoHy BhipojKAaiomeflcH 6yp>Kya3Hofl xyAbTypu 3anaAa. 5opb(5a 3Ta ycHAHAacb b 1936 roAy, 3 nepaoA, KorAa npa coachctbhh loAbKO ‘ito co3AaHHoro BcecomHoro KOMHTGTa no AwiaM HcxyccTB ycra- naBAHBaACH eAHHbiS TBop'iecKHH mct oa AAfl Bcero cosercKoro TeaTpa. 3liaHHTeAbHblMH npOABAeHHAMH 9100 60pb6bl 6UAH CTHTbH B ra3CTe «ripaBAa>: «Cy»a6yp BMecro My3bixH» (siHBapb 1936) h «BaAeTnaa i|>aAbmb» (4>eBpaAb 1936), nanpaBAeHHbie nporaB 4>opMaAHCTHHecKnx ouih- <5ox b onepe «JleAH Max6eT MueHcxoro ye3Aa» h 6aAeTe «CBeTAui) py- ’ieft» A. A- UJocraKOBHAa, a 3aieM nocTaHOBAeHHe KoMHTera no AeAasi HcxyccTB o chhthh c penepTyapa KawepHoro TeaTpa KOMHiecKofl onepu «BoraTHpH» c tckctom HeMbHHa BeAHoro, HCKaxiaBiuefi npouwoe pyccxo- ro HapoAa (Hoa6pb 1936). 3 th craTbH h nocraHOBACHHe 6hah HanpaBAeHbi lie TOAbKO npOTHB OTAeAbHblX BaCTHblX OIIIHOoK B nepeHHCAeHHblX CneKTaK- •ihx, ohh ocyiKAaAH (jiop.Ma.iMCTiiiecKoe uanpaBAeHHe b iicjiom xax npoflB- .lemie KAaccoBO BpaxmeCHbix bahhhhh b coBercKOM HCxyccTBe. OopMaAHCTHAecKHe «MOA«bie» yBAeaenHH cKa3aAHCb b Te toau na pa- 6<3oTe Bcex HaimoHaAbHHX TeaTpoB CpeAHeft A3hh, xoth h b pa3H0fi creneHH. B qah hx TeaTpax, oco chho b TypKMeHCKOM, sth yBAeqeHiia coct3bha h lie- vryio noAocy b pa6oTe h aak ahcb aecxoAbxo ce30H0B. B Apyriix TeaTpax, B TOM AHCAe H B Ka3aXCK0M, OHH OrpaHHAHAHCb OTAeAbHHMH ((lOp.ViaAHCTH- veCKHMH BblAVMKaMH HAH npHeMHMH, 6eCnpHHAHnH0 H AerKOMblCJieHHO BHe- ceiiHbiMH pexinccypoft b neKOTopue nocTaHOBKH. OrAeAbHue SAeMenTM $opMaAH3Ma ctbah noHBAHTbca b nocraHOBKax Ka3axcxoro TeaTpa y»ce c asiajia 30-x toaob. <f>opMaAH3M TorAa cKa3UBaA- ca npeHMymecTBeHno b oiJiopMAeHHH cnexTaxAeil, ocoCeHHO b AOKopaunax xyAosxHHxa A. 3BepeBa x nbece «Ehahx — Ke6ex», HarpoM03AHBiuero Ha cue- 6 6ne ecnpeAMeTHue ruiomaAKH h AecTHHuu. Ho sro m a o cxopee nonycTHTeAb- 0CTBO CO CTOpOHH pOKHCCypH, & He npHHUHIIHaAbHbie HCXaiiHH XaKHX-TO H - 6b ux nyTeg. HacoHOB b pa oTe oeraBaAca BcerAa peaAHCTOM, ot axTepa oh TpeSoBaA peaAHCTHiecxofl TpaxTOBXH o6pa3a h BHyrpeHHe onpasASHHofi nrpu. Tonio Tax * e h PyTKOBCXHfi bbutoahha nocraHOBxy «TyHr« capaiH* 6b peaAHCTHMecxoM n.iaHe, b hoa hom cooTBeTCTSHH c HCTopHaecxofl h hiro- BOH DpaBAOS. 109
Bailee apKO CKa-iaHHCb MeMeiiThi 4>opMaJiH3Ma b cneicraioiHX, nocraB- jiemihix HOBhiMxyao*ecTBeHHUM pyKOBoameaeM TeaTpa H. r . BopoBUM. no ypoBHK) xyaowecriieiiHOH KVJibTypbi, no TBopiecKOMy paaMaxy Bo- poB 3aMemo Buae.ifl.ica cpeaii pewacccpoB Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa. Oh noa- xoawa k Ka*aofi nbece c onpeaeaeHHUM nocTaHOBOHHUM 3aMucaoM, ao- CHBaacs ot aKTepoB Buno/mewia sroro 3aMUcaa, 3a6omncsi o crpoftHocni MH3aHcneH. o QoraTOM Hcnoab30BaiiHH BUpa3HTeabHux cpeacra TeaTpa. OaHaao b noroHe 3a BHcniHefl Bupa3HTeabiiocrbio cneKiaiuia oh 3a6u- r.aa nopoii o BHyrpemieM ero coaepxaiiHH, o rayfiHiie, npasaHBOCTH h hc- KpeHiiocTH aicrepCKOH nrpu. Oh HaBfl3UBaa aicrepy 3apaHee 3aaVMaHHufi o0pa3 h jihhhio nrpbi. Kpoxie roro, oh ciHTaa HeoSxoaaMHM HcnoJib30Bam ii cbohx nocTaHOBxax xoth 6u KeKOTOpue npHeMbi, aaHMCTBOBaiwue 113 ap- cenajia (popMaaHCTHiecKux «aeBux» TeaxpoB. 3 th ipopMa.iHCTwiecKHe npne- mu ocrajiacb coBepuieHHo lyatau HcnojiHirreasiM poaefi h BceMy Koa.ieKTH- By Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa, ohh npoTHBopeinaH peaaHCTHiecKofi wrpe aicrepOB. nepBofi nocTaHOBKoft BopoBa b Ka3axcK0M apanaTimecKOM TeaTpe 6u- an «ApHCTOKpara» H. noroaHHa (miBapb 1936). B AaMa-Ary Bopos npHe- ’ ** y»e c roTOBHM naaiiOM hoct3Hobkh stoB mccu, Haa KoiopoB oh pa- 1 b npeauaymeM ce30He b HBaHOBCKOM oOaacraoM TeaTpe. IlepeHoc uuoiia pafioTu Haa nbecofi H3 oanoro TeaTpa b apyroii 6e3 yieTa WHammy aabiiux ocoficHHOcieft aaHHoro KoaaeKTuaa nopoien b caMOM npHHUHne. B aaHHOMcjiyiae oma6Ka pe*HCcepa ycyry6.ia.iacb eme TeM, hto nocraHOB* Ka «ApncTOKpaTOB» b Hb3hobckom TeaTpe 6u,ia aaaeao He no.moueHHOH, KpHTHKa oTHecaacb k neii c Biiojme cnpaBcaaiiBOH cypOBocrbio, otmcthb o6- , HeaocraTOK—noroHio 3a BHeumeS TeaTpaabHocibio, «xaHpoBofi Bupa- 3HTeabHOCTblO» B ymep6 BHyTpeHHefl 3Ha*IHMOCTH14. B MeCTHoB raseTe *Pa6oqHfi nyTb» b pcuchshh 06 HHe BHenme^nL6™0 CKa3aH0: ‘ HocTaHOBmaK, yaeanB raaBHoe bhhm3- MeVeHTaM aU\"P08Ke cneKTa'™. coaaaHHK) HHTepecHbix MiiaancueH. ••'TOroH6oabiirHHr?o^bu°CTH' Heaoo„lieHHJI Pa6oly c aicrepoM. B pe3yabraie “ HTCJ,eS BHcmuefl *HBonHCHOCTba, b nepepoxaaioiaeroca npeciyiiHHKa - ........ e noaoweHHe. Ho ncaxa/iorwi nepea k v i^PleaiioRe no6uBaBinHB ne3aaoaro cneKTaoe n n lte m ? ,TeaxP B HBaH0Be» OTMMaa b btoh necTpoTy. 3T0 pasBeceaue OTeDKH<^?'eKTaMH’ yKJ10H B * aHp’ B 6uT0Byl0 BMbroTHocTb <6aaTHoro »HTba> a H e T ^ ' CMaKy,0IIwe xpacoaHy® hhh npaBoHapyniHTeaa. Hvdujih’k noB0CTb °, coiwajibiiOM nepepoxae- noaHHTeaaM— npaaaTb o6oa3aM « ™ fBHraJI Tpe6oBaHHe k ochobhum hc- BHeuiHefi caepsaHKocTH. P Cojibmyio BHyTpeiiHioio 3HaiHM0crb npn
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10T oahh apyroro co cryaa. ripn nuxone m komh3th — CTOAKHOBeiiHe b- ABepax: BoOihhcmiA pa3fiHBaeT no6 o samnoK .ZXoOaHHCKoro, nocAe aero 06a pe3Ko noBopaaHBaiOTCH k ropoAHHaeMy, KaK 6hi BbiTsrHBaacb nepea HHM BO (JipOHT. B TpetbeM aicre 06a HcnoAHHTeAH ApTaAbHO oGurpbmaJiH peab Xnecra- KOBa. Bot oh npeAAaraer npHcyTCTByiouiHM caAHTbca; JloSaHHCKHft h 606- MHHCKHII CTpeMHTCAbHO CpOCaiOTCa C pa3MJX CTOpOH K OAHOMy CTyAy H pH- AbiniKOM yca*HBaK>Tca Ha Hero, npu ynoMHHaHHH o eyne ynoemio BAbixaioT ero AHBHufi nap. Flpw paccaase o ^eabAMapinane BCKaKHBaiOT, nepenyran- Hbie, co CTyna, 06a ApoxaT, 6ohtch B3r.iaHyTb Ha XneeraKOBa. BropocTeneHHbie nepcona>KH — bhhobhhkh, Kynnbi, tocth Ha 6any — 6buw cjia6mm mgctom cneicraKAs. Ha hhx Han6onee thskmo CKa3anca (pop- MajiHCTHiecKUii noAxoA BopoBa k aicrepy. Oh paSoTaji npeHMymecTBeiino HaA BHeuiHHM pHcyHKOM. Ilo3T0My BTopocTeneHHbie nepconawH toamco nepe- ABHrajiHCb no cueiie, KaK ManeKeiibi, a He npHHHMaAH AeacTBeimoro yaacrHsi 6u npOHCXOAameM. Mhhobhhkh b nepooiM aKTe bum pOAaT no cueHe, hx TycK-mfi B3raaA ycTpeMaeH b npocrpaHCTBO. y hhx Her BHyrpeiiHefi jktohh, HeT HHTepeca k npoHcxoAsraiewy aoKpyr. 3ayaeHHtJMH abhikchhiimh pearapyiOT ohh h;i cjioBa ropoAHHaero, Ha npHXOA flofiaaHCKoro h BoGanHCKoro. HecKOAbKp OHCHBJiaraica Ha cbohx penAHKax, ho, npoH3Hecn 4>pa3y, onaTb norpyacaior- ca b npeiKHee 6e3pa3AHHHe. HejKHBHMH BurnaAe-iH Kyniiu b aeTBeproM h m t o m aicrax: y 3pHTena nonyaa.aocb BrreaaT/ieHiie, aTo CopoAU HaKJieema Ha Heonbrmux crarHCTOB. Tocth b noc.aeAneM ante nnoxo ocBOHAHCb c nafleThiMH Ha hhx koctiom3MH, CTecHeHHo ayBCTBOBajiH ce6a bo (ppanax h KpimoAHHax. Tax nee HeecrecT- p.eiiHbi Guam h hx rpHMbi. K 3T0My H3A0 AOGaBHTb, HTO Bopoe B «PeBH30pe», 60JIblue le u B Apy- chx cbohx nocraHOBKax, OTOinen ot npmmimoB peaAH3«ta, nonycmin ymio- Hbi b cpopMa.aHSM. He caHTaacb c HcropHaecicoS h ShtoboS npaBAofi, oh ewee b cneKTawib npne.MU ycAOBHoro TeaTpa, 6ajiaraHiiwe BbiBepTbt, ranaeBaAb- Hue naHTOMHMH, noAMeiiHBUiHe cawpy achicbhm GeccMbic.'ieHHWM cMexoM. HanpHMep, b nepBOM aicre, npH noaBAeHHH noarMeficTepa hhhobhhkh Tax nyraAHCb, aro oahh h3 hhx 3aAe3aA noA ctoa. TopoAOBhie necKOAbKO pa3, Kax AepeBHHHue coaa3thkh, MapuiHpoBaAH BOKpyr KafiHHexa ropOAHH- aero. Tpernfi aKT 6ma pa36iiT na snraoAbi c bboahhmh HOMepaMH netmn h xaHua. B cnene BpaHbH XAecTaKOB npn ynoMHHaHHH o 6anax xamieBaA no- A0He3 c AhhoA AHApeeBHofl, npn paccK33e 06 nrpe b bhct —3Kocce3 c Ma- pHefi Ahtoiiobhoh. MapHH AHTOHOBHa no xanpii3y peatnccepa h BonpeKH coAepwamno komcahh KOKeriiHaana c OcnnoM. B aeraepxoM ante ropoAHH- aHH, y3HaB o noMOABKe Aoaepn c nerepGyprcKHM rocreM, n.aacaA Tpenaxa. B ithtom aKTe rocTH TopjKecTBeHHbiM noAOHe30M npoxoAHAH nepeA ceMbeft ropoAHHaero c no3ApaBAeHHHMH h npHBeTCTBHHMH. !*!•
Od>opiweHne cneKTauM BbinoAHeao AeHHHrpaACKHM xyAO*HHXO¥ 3 , M 3aBap3HHUM, npHrxameHHhiM aah stoh uejin b AaMa-Aty. B Aeao- pauHBX, HaroTOBACHHbix HM, He 6biJio HCiopHiecKoft npaBAU, TpeoyeMOl K.iaccmecKHM npo«3BeAeHHeM. KBaprapa 3axoaycTHoro ropojHHHero 6buia npeAcraBAeHa b aenpaB- AonoAofiHO pocKouiHOM Blue, K8K6apcKHe xopOMhi; Ka6HHeT— c naaeJiaMH, ACnHblMU KapHH3aMH, C IIOpTpeTOM HHKOJiaH I BO Becb pocr B ofipaMAeKHH KOAOHH, B naTOM AKTe—BeAHKOAeilHblfi 38A, HO fiOKaM—AeCTHHUbl Ha »b pu, ofipaMAeimue 6aAiocxpaAOii. riocraHOBKa «PeBH30pa» 6buia coavBCTBeHHO npHHHTa MecTaofi ne- MaThto. I'a3eru otmcthah ee Kax 6oAbmyio TBop'iecKVio no6eAy, aax hobhS 3Tan b pa3BHTHH Teaipa, 3Ha>MTeAbHoe MAemie b KVAbTypaoB WH3HH K>- jaxcTana. K (popMa.iHCTH'iecKHM BbuyMKaM peacuccepa KparaKa mqaxa OTKCCAaCb CHlICXOAHTCAbllO. 0AH3K0 CTaTbH B meTe «ripaBAa> o <t)opua- AH3Me h ocofieHtio nocTaHOBJieHHe BKH o chhthh c periepryapa sBoraiu- pefis b KaMepHOM TeaTpe, noHBHBmeeca 13 HOafipa 1936 roAa, t. e. Bcaope nocae npeMbepu «PeBH3opa» (20 OKTsCptt 1936), noMor.m oCmecToeimocTH pa3o6paTbCa b (JiopMaABCTHiecm ouiH6Kax cneKraKJia, no6yAHAH aAMa- aTHHCKym neqan> nepecMOTpeTb cboA B3rAaa aa sty noaaiiooKy. <Cotwa- .iHCTHiecKaa AaMa-Ara» cypoBo ocvAftna HCKawemie aBTopcxoro xeacia. otxoa ox pea.iii3Ma, Sa.naramibie tpiokh, AonymeaHuc peacnccepoM b cnex- Taioie. «Ka3axcTaHCKaa npaBAa* B3saa enemaKAb noA cboio iatiwTy; mox- Ay ra3eraMH bo3hhkji3 arecTOKaa AHcayccHH, BCKOAUXHysmaa Taxxe a TBopnecKHfi KojuieKTHB TeaTpa. B pe3yAbTaTe BopoB npmiywAea 6ha yfr paib H3 nocTaHOBKH HeKoropue HeyMecrawe tpwkh, a b AaAbHefimeM npa- AepatHBaibca Gojiee peaAHCTHiecKHx no3mwfi. B ce3oue 1939/40 roAa «PeBH3op» B03o6KOBAeH hobum xyAOwecreex- HUM pyKOBOAHTCAeM TeaTpa M. B. Cokoaobckhm. npa stom 6hah chsth f ™?°He3 \"ePeA ce‘'befl ropoAmmero h paA Apyrax ijiopMaAHCTHie- R0P0Da- TPaKr0BKa 06pa30B H COAblilHHCTBO MH3aKCAffl ocTaMeHu 6e3 HSMcaeHHa, ho TeopaecKH ocMucAeau a yrayfaeHH. K o n n K u v T 6 m \" H3MeHeHbl ^KopauHH, npaaeM bmbcto poc- cxpouHCHbirvio xvao* HHK 3 - B' 4apaoMCKHH nocTpoHA Tenepb c r a L Z L ^ ’ P T K0«HaTKy, oOaAceHHyio acuiobumh o6ohmh, o6- awa (r\\ o T Z L w £ n Me6eJ,bl°- B 3T0fi AeKopauHH iuah qempe KOMHaxa Gu.ia cahuikom Mala TO’ 'IT0 Macc0BUX cne\" Hero am-a bbho ae nanum TC5Ha’ Me6ejm AM npaeMa roereil nocAej- ■h°cth h 6AecKy AeaopaiiHft 3 ^ 3 ^ nMHaa nP°THBOnoj,° * HOCTb n“in' hwmh, onpaBMH” KoaXpaCOTa Ha,a *PeBH3°pOM», HaA ero 3aK0HM*- HMeAa orpoMHoe Rorn»r»~..',!fTaj,ax’
pacumpfljia HAefuibii npyrosop aiercpoB, noBumajia nx cuemwecKoe crepcTBO. «riocjie «PeB«3opa» see pcwin Miie KaxyrcH jieraHMH, totho a okohuha xaKyio-To uiKoay*, — 3aaBaaeT Cepue Ko*aMKyaoB. «ropoAHHqHii — ca- Maa caoiKHan h rjiyCoKaa poAb b MoeM penepTyape, — npH3aaeT KaaafieK KyaHuumaeB. — B rencre panu Ka«Aoe caobo arpaeT, sto mhc ocoGemio HpaBHTca. A Koraa po.ib HpaBHTca — h paGoiaib jierao, a xopomo noay- yaenaa ocHOBHoe BHHMaaHe nocTHHOBKaM nbec «ApHCTOKpara> a «Pe- BK3op», Tearp, oflHaKo, He npeKpamaa paGo™ h HaA npoH3BeA.eHHHMn Ha- KHOHajibHOH ApaMaiypruH. OGuuifi noA^eM, HaqaBuiHflca erne b 1935 roay, b cbh3h c noAroTOBKOfl k aeKaae Ka3axcKoro HCKyccTBa b MoCKBe, cKa3aa- ca h na cneKTawiax HauiioHaJibiiofl Apa.MaiyprstH. Boaee cepbe3H0 h otbct- cTBemio CTaji oTHOcHTbca teaTp k ApaMaTypraqecKOMy MatepHaay, 6oaee r.iyfioKHM CTaao ero cueHH'iecKoe iionjiomemie. HMeiiHo b 3tot nepHOA, BnepBtie 3a Bee BpeMa cymecTBOBaHaa, Ka3ax- ckhh Tearp ao6hach 3iiaqHTeAbHbix ycnexoB b cueHHuecKOM OTofipaweiiHH coBpeMeiiHoH coBeTCKofl x<H3kk CBoero Hapoaa. flocTaBaeHHue b sth roAbi Ha ocHOBe pacTyineS HauHOHajibHoii Apa- MaTypraa cneKTaKAH He TOAbKo npoAOJUKaAH pa3BepTUBaTb Ha cuese TeMbi HHAycTpna.iH3auHH h KOAAeKTHBH3anHH, BHABHHyTOe ewe b uaqaAe riepBOii naTHJierKH b cneKTawiax «TapTUC» hah «BoAa-r», ho h npo6HBaAH nyrb k HOBoft TeMarHRe, pOAHBiueflca b anoxy Gopb6bi 3a 3aBepineHHe crpoHTeAb- ctbb conHaAHCTHqecKoro oCmecTBa. Oahhm H3 HaH6oAee xapaicrepiibix HBAeunfl rex Aer Gbui 6ypiibi8 poct MOAOAOH HaUHOHaAbHOft HHTeAAHreHUHH, BHXOAHBIUefi Ha niHpoicyio apeny oSmecTBeHHofi wh3Hh. 20-e roAH bo Bcex peenyGAHKax CpeAHeft A3hh xapaKTepH3yioTCfl Ghct- pHM POCTOMHapOAHOTO o6pa30BaHHa, OTKpHTHeM HOBblX UIKOA, TeXHHKyMOB, HHCTHTyTOB, yHHBepCHTeTOB. MoAOAeWb JKaAHO yCTpCMHAaCb B STH lUKOAbi, npHOfimaacb b hhx k coBeTCKofl KyAMype, oTfcpuBaa 3a npeAeAaMH poahoh CTenH KOBblB MHP, 0 KOTOpOM OHa HMeA3 AO Toro TOAbKO CMyTHOe npeA- CTaBAeirae. B HaqaAe 30-x toaob mouoash coBeTCKaa HHTeAAHreHUHH Ka3axcTaHa ywe CTaaa Ha hoth, «onepHAacb», 3aHHAa 3HaqHTeAbnoe Mecro b jkh3hh CTpaHbi. Ee noAHTHqecRHfl h oGmecTueHHbifl pocT nopaxaA csoefl hhtch- chbhoctuo. Mhmo 3Toro paAocTHoro hbachhh He motah npofiTH nHcaTeaH Ka3ax- CTaHa, H3 KOTOptJX MIlOTHe BbipOCAH AAH TBOpqeCTBa HMeHHO B 9TH roAH. TeMa 3Ta craaa Ha neKOTopoe BpeMa nonyAapHefluieS b AHTepaType Ka- :3axcTaHa, a Ha cueHe Ka3axcRoro TeaTpa OAHa 3a APyroS craAH noaBAHTt- ch m>ecbi, roBopaiuHe o powAeHHH h pocre hoboS coBeTCKofi HauHOHaAbHOH •HHTeAAHreHUHH.
BHaaaae sia Teiaa npornaa Ha caeHe b xpHnwecxoM, c BemenHii, b naane 6opb6u c thbom nycrore, noBepxiiocraoro aweHHTeaaa- reHTa, ropoacKoro Apairra, noHBHBaieroca b Ka3axcraHe erne b aopeBoaio- BHOHHbie roau h Hameauiero ce6e OTofipaateme Ha caeHe xora ou b 06- paae >Kynyca b mece «TyHrn capuH*. He cpa3y BbiBeaca stot ran h b co- BCTCKoe BpeMii. B iiaaaae 30-x roaoB oh HeoaHOXparao noaMaaca na cue- ne b paae cneKTaxaeA. Oco6eHHo apxo 6ua noxa3aH TaxoA ran aweHHreaaHreirra TaaTaHOaa Cepxe KoaaMxyaoBUM b oaHOM cnexTaxae 1934 roaa. Ywe caMoe hmb ‘ipe3BbiaaSHo mctko onpeaeaaeT 3tot o6pa3: b aocaoBHOM nepeBoae oho- 03Haiaei — npa3aHouiaTaK>uuiBca. TaaTan6a0, MeaxuR coBercxnA cayixa- Bwfi, npnexaa b aya H3 pafloHHoro ueHTpa h pa3urphiBaer H3 cefia 6oab- rnoe naqaabCTBO (raxaa CHTvauHa co3aa«a, necoMHeimo, noa BanamieM ro- roaeBCxoro XaecTaxoBa). OaeT oh no nocaeaHeii Moae, HHCTenbKHA xo- ctkjm, ficauii BopoTHH'iox, aiaarra c noasMH, b pyxax Tpocroaxa, Ha nocy c6a3aTeabHue'aaa Moanoro uieroaa ohxh s poroBoii onpaee. y Hero Heo6n- aaBwo yBepeHHbifi ton, pa3B83Hbie MaHepu, npeneOpoxineabiioe OTHoniemie- x oxpyxaioHutM, nenpepHBHoe caMoarafionamie h pucoaxa. Bor. Ta.iTaiifiaii noaBaaerca ua caeHe, xax 6yaTO He 3aMeaaa npHcyt- CTByiouiHx; B3raaa ero ycTpeMaeH xyaa-ro BBHCb... Bot oh c HaarpaHHUH' mrrepecoM BnepaeT B3op b xaxoe-ro oGbaBaeime Ha CTOHe... Bot, oxBaraB HByMn pyxaMH 3araaox, HacBHcniBaa, oh caoHaerca no komhbt8 h aeaaer BHa, hto He cauuiHT pern xoMcoMoabaa, pa3o6aaaaiomefi ero. oanyraB npeaceaaTeaa xoaxo3a peBH3Hefl, on 6e3 ciecHeHHa yxaxta- Baw 3a ero wenofi, mto-to HaneBaeT eA, c hicto xaecTaxoBCXHM aerxoMUc- a«eM yroBapiiBaer BMecie yexarb b ropoa. TanHwocTb noaoOHoro ofipa3a noaTBepHtaaerca Ten, n o oh b Te xe- roau noaBHaca h b apyrax Teaipax CoBercKoro Bocroxa, TaTapcxoM, xnp- rHscxoM... lax, nanpHMep, 6aH3ox x Taaianfiax) KHprH3CKH0 flxanaaaic AatarnacoB, noaBHBumAca Ha KHprH3cxo0 cueHe b 1936/37 roay. „„„ *\"•** 33 °6pa30M nycToroaoBoro .RxeHHTeaaHreHTa h b npoTHBOBec rnLT™^H'1HCI> B KB3axcxo0 apaMaiyproH n Ha caeHe o6pa3bi noaaHHHoA rnxMe HTMJIHreHmm. noayqHBUieS noaroTOBxy b hobo0 coBeicxofi Poct Ka3axcK°0 HHTeaanreHaHH H3 cpeau 6eaHaaxo0 woaoaewH no- B aBYx nbecax. noompnmitT ■>« ... ....... v __ . m u , ( * T a“6£ar£“H\"aa>7(«*B H(;&iKoHaeMBeOKMH°ceaav>) - B none 1937 roaa. » xo no °a\" 0My aBT0Py— MyxTapy Ayssosy. OaHa- aHHHH. H 3T0 DauiutH.pHuflPaMaTy.prHqeCK0My noCTPoeHHH) ohh oaenb pa3- «3MeHeHH0, Koropue aM*era' CJ,ejKTB,,eM '■ayfiorax. B nbece «Ta™cTvaeeKx>, «-e,»»c^i!BHe ctpoHroTCaHu HBac6obocptbc6keohpaoc6TmyemceTABe6.eaHau-
koh MOJiOAexoi npoTHB 6aftcxoro oXBOCTba, nutaiowerocB copBaTb CTpon- TejibCTBO coBxo3a*'. H aiajio nbecu othochtch k nepnoAy AHXBHAaiuiH 6afi- ctb3 b Ka3axcTaHe (1928 — 29 roflbi). KoH(j>HCKOBaHbr h nepexaHU 6eAHn- KaM 3eM.iH KpynHoro 6aa: 3Aecb aojukch 6utb cosAaH OBiiecoBxo3. Bnep- Bbie noAHOft rpyAbio MoryT B3AoxnyTb CTapiiKH. Ewe Qo.ibuie paAyerca 6eA- iiauKaa MonoAewb, 6ocaa, nnoxo OAeTaa, ho 3 atc 6oApaa, nonHaa sHepraa. IlepeA aefl OTKpuBaeica mapoKaa Aopora k yieHHio, k xynbTypc. CpeAH 3to6 MOAOAejKH Ha nepsoM naane KaM6ap, cuh 6biBinero CaTpaxa Apna- 6aa, ero npaaTeab BeAbTpHK, aohuihk kopob Canap. CaeAyiouiaa xapiHHa noKa3biBaeT ary MOAOAewb ywe xepe3 toa hjih ABa b ropoAe, na yae6e, b o6eraHOBKe By30BcKoro ofimewatHa. riocAeAHHe xapTHHU, OTAaAenHue o r Haiana nbecbi Ha HecKOAbKO act, pa3birpuBaioTCH onaTb b ayAe, xyAa BbinycKHHKH By3a B03BpaTHAHCb ywe xo3aeBaMH jkh3- hh: KaMfiap — AapeKTop coBX03a, BeAbTpHK— HananbHHK noAHTOTAeaa, Canap — npoKypop. MoAOAexH npaxoAHTca BecTH weeroxyio 6opb6y c ocraTKaniH (jieoAanb- HO-6aflcKoro Mwpa. OcHOBHHe Bpara b nbece — pOACTBeHHHK 6aa Kycnex, BTepiiiHflCH b cpeay Scahhkob h rowe yraBiiiHfics b By3e, h fibiBiuafl koho-' i<paA Mec, 03A06AeHHuS HeyAaiHHK, noAnaBniHii noA BAHHHHe KAaccoBoro Bpara. O ra nuraiOTCH copBaTb CTpoHTeAbCTBO coBxo3a, yraaTb ckot 3a rpa- HHuy k ero npexoMM BAaAeAbuaM. OAHaKO 3aMHCAbi hx pa3raAaHbi, Bpara 3aAepwaHu Ha cawofl rpaHHue. Ha3BaHHe nbecbi «TacryAex» b3hto H3 crapraHoro HapoAHoro cxasa- hhh, corAacHO KoropOMy moaoaoB opeA, npewAe ieai AOCTHraeT 3peA0CTH, tphjkaw Meaner onepeHHe. ToAbxo rperte onepeime — onepenae xaMiiew — Aaer eMy CHAy nporHoocToarb 6y p m h npeoAOAeearb Haracx BpaxAeSHhix CTHXHfl. B 3Tofi nbece aBTOp nocTaBHA nepeA co60S cahiukom iniipoKHe 3aAa- hh: noKa3aTb Becb nyrb pa3BmiiH repoeB, o r Herpamothbix noApocTKos b ayAe a° pyxoBOAHTeaeft C0BX03a; aah sroro oh pacTHHyA AeficTBHe Ha He- noMepHO AOArafi cpox, Ha hcckoabko Aer. B nbece Her crpoiiHoro aowerao- ro CiepWHH, HCT eAHHOrO KOHljinHXTa, 3aBH33MH0rO BOKpyr KaKOro-HHOyAb KpynHoro Bonpoca. B nbece ToAbxo OTAeAbHbie 3rh30au, BbixBanenHbie H3 pa3AHHHHX STanOB JKH3HH repoeB. K 3T0My HaAO AOfiaBHTb, HTO H OTAeAb Hbie 3nH30AN AHUieHLI nOAAHHHoro APaM3TH3Ma, 6e3AeflCTBeHHb(, BHAH, B hhx HeT CHGHH'jeCKHx noAOweHHii, Ha KoTopux xapascrepbi repoeB MorAH 6bi pacKphiTbcn bo Bceft CHAe h rAydrae. Tan, HanpHMep, b nepBux Kapnniax 0oce AeflCTBHe cboahtch k cnopaM pacnpeAeAeHHH xowjmcKoisaHHOH 6afi- 06CKOfl 3CMAH. fle0CTByiOmHX AHA CAHIUKOM MHOTO, HO HHKTO H3 hhx He - pncoBaH flpxo, He no.iyquA CBoeo6pa3Horo HHAHBHAyaAbHOro AHiia. HcnoAHHTeAH ochobhux poAefi KanaH BaAbipOB (KaMCap), IUaxeH Afi.viaHOB (BeAbTpHK), )Karjia Ory36aeB (Canap) crpeMHAHCb npHAaTb xa- xyio-TO HHAHBHAyaAbHocTb xaxcAOMy o6pa3y. B KaM6ape 6hah noAiepxHy-
ra nwiowHTOibHue qepTbi coseTCKoro aKTHBHCTa: yat, SHeprea, HacrofiMH- BOCTb. 06pa3 E&ilbTpHKa, HaofiopOT, GbIJI npOHH33H iomopom: oh qyaaK * jihhhoB 3K1I3HH, npocrait, Macro nonaaaer b 3a6aBiibie no.no/KeHHti, Haa koto- puMH caw aoGpoayumo nocMCHBae-rcti. Canap Bnaiaae po6oK h yraoBa-r, t kohuc — CTpor h peuiHie.ieH. Bee 3to 6i>uih oraeabHue Mearaie uirpHXH, no- ropbie npitflanaaii HcnoauHTeaio BHeuiitioio xapataepHOCTb, ho He cKiaan- xaaHCb b KpynHufi, oGoGmeHHbia o6pa3 Moaofloro HeaoBCKa coBeTCttoi HanGoace HHTepecHOfl am Kaxifiapa h Ee-ibipma 6buia caeHa, rje omi, ywe pyKOBoaHTMH cobxo33, pa3raauBaioT BpeaHTeas, bhhobhofo b naaewe CKOTa, h coBentaioTCH, Kan ero pa3ofiaaMHtb. Ho b ocTaabHbix cue- wax ohh oOpHcoBaHU cyxo, roBopHT Ka3ciiHbie (j>pa3U, 3a kotopumh ae BHaHo hx pa3Muui.neHHS, coMHeHHfl, Kcure6aHH0, caMOCTOHTeabHbix pemerai H3-3a toS we tpparMeHTapHOCTH nbecu h pa3po3iieHHOCTH snraoaoa Hcno.mHTCJiHM He yaaaocb noKa3aTb nocrenemibifl poor cbohx repoeB, pas- BHTHe hx xapaK-repoB. He Gua, HanpHMep, nepeKiniyr moct Meway aayMJ nepHoaaMit b WH3HH Canapa; apHTeaio npHxoAHJiocb aoraabraaThca, Kara* nyrese yraoBaTufl aoflmHK Kopos npeBpamncH b npoHHaareabHoro coBer- CKOro npoKypopa. Tan we noBcpxHocrHO oGpncoBaHbi h npeflcraBHTeaH npoTHBOnoaow- H°ro aarepn, CrarHMeH o6pa3 Kycnexa, posib Koroporo ncnoanaa KaMaa KapitbicoB. y Hero 6uaa b cneKTaxae ToabKo oana apaMatHMeciot Hanps- wemaa cueHa, xoraa oh yrosapaBaeT cboio weHy npoTHBoaeficreoBan. CTpotn-eabcrey coBX03a, a aaTeM H3BopaiHBaeTcs nepea KaMGapoM a Cana- Pom, oGbhhshoiuhmh ero BO BpeaHTeabcrse. B noHCKax CBoe°6pa3HH o6pa3a Meca EatoGaR yMyp3aKos nornea do v mJ!,HCT0 BHeu‘He® xapaKTepHoCTH h npaaaa eMy (J)H3HiecKoe ypoacroo: J H03B0H0MHHK, HerHymaHCH HieH. BciO poab OH npOBeK a m ™ S ? 0A0K nj|°TH0 npHwaTtiM k rpyaii, noBOpatHBaa tie roaoBy, HHH h nn0/n.yC,. qT° TPe6° B?-10’ KOHeMiio, 6o/ibuioro $H3HMecKoro Hanpsiwe- m ^oBaJK> C8o6o-'\"!OMy paaBepTbiBaHHfo BHyrpeHHefi aHHHH po- MHMHKe,” I T B “ „“efi 2 7 \" “® °6pa3’ MB“Pa” Hua 89 crayiouwxMHOBHUM reMHMa? t , B cneKiaK;,e rP>'nna MBymeK, conyt- ™neKpHc,wHJIBHaUiitHeHfib.l HHaHB,Ha^Ha“bXHUwxepLrn,fwwhub\"u0x\" x^apatcre^pHCT°HHKHH^ rayf“oioEff wefi HaPnepBufla^ a t PB^nnJfi>H0CTH \" cxeMaTm«ocTH raaBHbix nepcoHa- 3u, ocoSeHHo oGpasu po.nHTeji^6^ HCK0T0Pble snHSoamiecKHe o6pa- * « “ » « . » CWK n * M m Apm tu ■ E m * HMesiH 3HaMctiHB jjih naiBBru,, „ H „ rH KypnariGaeBoR, Koropue bo 6bUH \"OKMaHU B »aHpOBUx c u S \" \" 00 J‘HHHH nbeC“- 0AHaK0
n o TpaKTOBKe KowaMKy.iosa, ApnaCafl npoBeJi cypoByio, nojwyto jih- TUeHHfl 3KH3Hb, HO He 03A06HACH, He nOTepHA OnTHMH3M3 H CnOCOOHOCTH no-AeTCKH paflocTHO BocnpHHHMan. MHp. XH3Hb no-HOBOMy OTKpujiacb ne- pe« hhm nocjie jiHKBHflaitHH SaficTBa. H era pun maatio CTpeMHTCa npHHarb ynacTHe b CTpoiiTeAbCTBe hoboR * h3hh, xoth abbho Mor 6bi yfira Ha noKoii. Oh paCoTaeT laGanoM, npHHHMaeT yiacTHe b oOinecTBemibix Aeaax, BceM HHTepecyeTca, >WTaeT ra3CTbi, 30seT weHy hoAth na cneKTamib. AKTep Tpo- raTe-'ihHO nepejaji AoOpoAyuiHe ApnaOaa, ero warKoctb, -noGoBb k aeTSM. TaKofl » e npHBJieKaTeJibHbifi o6pa3 co3Aaaa KypMaHfiaeBa. OcHOBHoe 3epHO EcnHKe — Teiuioe, conyBCTBenHOe OTHouieHHe k MOAOAewH, k cuiiy n ko sceM ero TOBapumaM. Bcex hx EcnHKe ak>6ht BHAeTb y cefia b AOMe, CTapaeTca yroCTHTb nojiyHme. EaarococToaHHe EcnHKe pacieT, a BMecTe c TeM H3MeHaeTca h ee oGjihk. BaipaiKa b ayae — oaa b erapOM noHomeH- hom iwaTbe chaht no-cTapHHKe Ha KOBpe. B ropoAe OHa OAeTa Aymie, a y CHHa-AItpeKTOpa — HapHAHO, B HOBblH GapxaTHblR KaM30JI, CHAHT KaK ropo- waHKa Ha CTyAe. JIhuo Becejioe, raa3a npHBeTAHBwe, yjibifiaioiAHecH. EcnHKe HacTpoena KOHcepsaTHBHee Mywa, HHoraa m o w a v h h m h B03HH- KaiOT cnopbi, pa3MOABKH. Ho ApnaGafi He ccopHTca c xceHoA, oh othocht- ca HpoHnqecKH k ee BopKOTHe, OTAenbiBaerca name AoGpoAyniHbiM Monaa- PewHccep 3Toro cneKTawia M. HacoHOB npaBHJihHO nonaA xapaKTep iibecu, AHineHHoi) eAHHoro achctbhh. Oh oGparan ocHOBHoe BHHMaHHe Ha Bbipa3HTCAbHOCTb OTAC-IbHblX C1(011. B o(j)opMaeHHH xyAOHCHHKa A. H. HenameBa HaafioAee yAaiHa Gbwa b nowieAHeM AeftersHH iopTa c KpacoiHUM HanHOHaabHHM opHaMemoM. Ho b KapTHHax npHpoAU Kasaxcrana HaG/iroAa.iacb napowrocTb h vcaobhoctl: ruiorKaa ropHaa BepuiHHa na KyMaieBOM none, ycaoBHO BbinoAneHHbie Ae- peBba b nocneAHeM aiae, b ropax Ha rpaHHue. ycAOBHOCTb Gbuia h b no- CTpoeHHH cueHHiecKofi nAomaAKH, H3AHume npnnoAHHTofl b ofimeacHTHH oy- 3a H B KOHTOpe 0BUeC0BX03a. KaK no TeMe, TaK h no cpeACTBaM BbipawenHH cneKTaKAb «TacTyAeK» bo MHoroM noBTopaA arHTcneKTaKAH nepBofl naTHAenoi. B 3T0M OTHOUleHHH npOTHBOflOAOJKHOCTblO nbeCU «TaCTyAeK» GblAa «AAMa 6arbiHAa», AeficTBHe KoropoR othochtcb k 1937 roAy, KOrAa 0CTaT- kh BpaxcecKHx KAaccoB CbiAH CMeTeHbi c BCTOpHaecKofl apeHbi, KorAa ycra- HOBHAOCb MOpaAbHO-nOAHTHKeCKOe eAHHCTBO COBeTCKOTO oGmeCTBa. TepOH nbecH — MOAOAue coBercKHe cneuHaAHcru c buciuhm o6pa30BaKHeM, BeAyr GopbGy He c npeACTaBHteAHMH BpaacecKHx KAaccoB, a c nepe*HTKaMH Ka- nHTaAHCTaqecKHx othouichhA b CBoefi cpeAe, c noniAOCTbiO, cnACTHaMH, KAe- BeTofl. Bonpocbi ceMbH, sthkh, coBeiCKofl MopaAH BbtABHrafOTCa 3Aecb Ha nepBufi nAaH*. B npoTHBonoAowHGCTb xpOHHKaAbHOCTH «Ta<rryAeK> no CBoefi ApaMa- lyprHaecKofl CTpyuType «AAMa 6arbiHAa> npnGAHwaAacb k KAaccHiecKon 127
^opuyjie eflHHCTBa BpeMeHH h i. Co6fciTHS) pa3BHBa.i«cb Ha npoiaxe- ______ -o HCCKWibKHx aHefi; MecTOMjeflcTBHH, 3a npeaeau Koioporo m ne BhixoflH.ua nbeca, abjihjich HfifloiieBbift cafl, kbkhx mhoto b oKpeCTHOcrax Ajims-Ath. 3«ecb BCTpercuiHCb na pa6oTe h iwaioShah apyr flpyra repoa nbecbi: P aa—fleByniKa-Ka3amKa, caflOBOfl c bhcuihm o6pa30BaHHeM, h ee noMomHHK no cafly Ajih. y * e Ha3HaieH fleHb homoabkh, ho BHe3anHoe oc- -TOHdieHHe B HX WH3Hb BHOCHT npKC3fl MOflOflOrO HaylHOTO pafiOTHHKa Ca- .iHMa, caflOBnfla-MHHypHHua, c KOTopuM Paa 6una b xopoumx TOBapa- mccKHx oraoiueimax b roflbi yaeHHa b Mockbc. Tenflaa Bcrpeia crapbii Apy3efi nopowaaer nofl03peH«a h peBHocTb b flyrne Am . 3 th nofl03peHas touko pa3)«HraeT KOBapHufl ciuieTKHK flayxeH, eeiomHH rpa3Hue cayxH ofi uTHOiueiiHax Caflima k Pae. Ha KOHTpacTe CTpowiH o6pashi ochobhhx repoeB, Pan n Ajih, hciioji- KHBume hx aKTepu —Ca6npa MafiKanoBa u KaMaji KapMucoa. Paa — peuiHTejibHaa, jKHBaa, CoBxaa, BcnbiflMHBaa; Ajih— mojpkuibb, caepacaH, 3aMKHyTb ce6e. Oh eflBa cxamer ofliio cjiobo, a Paa y*e aecaih. Taitaa xapaKTepnocTb onpaBflbiBajia noBeaeHHe sthx aeiicTByioiiiHX aha oco6eHHo b cueHe, xorfla bo BpeMa iiomojibkh Ajih h Pan ctuieTHa buxo- AHt napyiKy. Be33a6oTHaa, UBCTymaa, Hcxpamaaca CMexoM, npHHHMaeT Paa rocreS b tom caMOM caay, b xoropoM paSoraeT. Paflyumo BcrpeaaeT oHa poacrBeH- hhkob Ajih, He ostHaaa ot hhx HHxaxoro noflBoxa. TeM 6ojibiue ee nopaxaer neooocH08aHHOe oObhhchhc b H3»ieHe. B fiacTpocnnn Pan HacrynaeT pes- khB nepejioM: cpa3y OHa nan eyara OKHMaerca, 3aMbiKaeTca b ce6e, Taxe- JihiM iienoflBHjKHUM B3TJiaflOM 03Kpaercfl BOKpyr h TyT we npmiHMaeT pe- meHHe—oTjiowHTb noMOJiBxy, noxa nofl03peiiHe ne pacceeTca. B caMhii pa3rap npa3flHHxa 'ona Tawejio BCTacr, bhxoaht Ha cepeflHiiy, noflHHMaer PVkii. Bha y Hee iiacTOAbKo paccipoeHiiuS, ito tocth cpa3y npephiBaw i>a3roBop, B30pu Bcex oCpamaiOTca k nefl. Paa MHHjny ctoht moats, 3aTe» ™ ' “ Me3aMH B r0J,0ce ofitaBAiier, tto Be>iep OTMCHaeTca. 3pmeAb M- AHT, mto TajKeaoe rope KaMHeM flerao eft Ha cepaue. a BCpliT 8 Ho 0H noanaa noa bahahhc flayxeHa, ]mnMnnp^u,n D cflep* ami0CTb He n03BOABK)T eMy cacAaTb nepBbul mar k oS r c W j r t t e ? ? M0MeHTa' sio6h - HU ” PS , bJ,0oZ D^ 66 CqaC™ ' 6pocaeT y ^ T p ^ p e X . peMeHHbix o iH o m en asT cp ^ T°* “* Kaer, Mamer pyxoft H noKHaaeT c ^ Caep*HBaa ofiafly, oha aaMOA- KJnoHHTeJibHOH cuM ^Konia pa3r°8apHBaeT c Aah h CeAHMOM b 3a- reiuiaa paaocn, oaapaer e f j,H^ P yMeHHe Pa^ a c HaeTca, caepxaHHaa,
06aaTejieH 6ua b ncnoAiieHHH KaAHdexa KyamjuinaeBa japeKTop ca- 3 1flOBo^aecKoro HHCTHTyTa CawaT-ara, CKpoMHbirt, Myapufi, ccpAciHtjfi, ot- HB HBblii Ha 3anpOCbl MOJTOAe*H. 0CHMnaraio h y.radKy 3pHTftra bhsubba Emo6afi yMyp3aK0B— cajo- bn cropojK KopnedaB, crapaTejibHbig padOTHHK, nepaanyaHUH co CBoefi CaflOBOft MeTJIOH, dOHKHH ayAbHUS OCIPOCAOB. Bupa3HTejibHo nepeaaA CepKe Koboukvaob xapaKTep noAAoro ciuieT- HHKa JIayi<eHa, MeAKoro SAonbixareAH, HCHaBHAsuiero HOByio *H3Hb h erpe- MHmeroca ncnoAramKa OTpaBABTb ee. Hobbs TeMa nbecu « A ™ a daruHAa*, hobhh B3rAHA Ha »H3Hb boa- CKa3aAH aBTopy Apyrae Bbipa3HTeAbHbie cpeACTBa, Apyrae no cpaBHeHHro c «TacTyAeK» ApaMaiypraaecKHe npneMbi. OTKa3aBniHCb or npaMofl arHTanH- OHHOCTH TBKCTa, 3BTOp H3de*aA ApOdACHHH Ha 3nH30AbI, BlieOIHeft AHH3MH* KH H CX€MBTH3Ma 0dpa3OB, TOM OTAHTOAHCb HbeCH-arHTKH. Oh CTpeMHACfl nO- Ka3aTb rAydHHy nepewHBaHHfi AeficTByromHX ahu, hx qyBcrea h Hacipoe- hhh. B deceAe, onydAHKOBaHHofi b ra3ere cCoitHaAHCTHqecKaa AnMa-Aia» 13 hiohh 1936 roAa. MyxTap Ays30B CK83aA: «Bce repon nbecbi aoajkhu npeACTaTb nepeA 3pHTeAeM He c BHeinnefi eropoHbi, KaK ao chx nop bhboah- AHCb repon noMTH bo Bcex HauiHX npoH3BeAeHHHx; MHe xototch pacxpuTb nepoKHBairaa, BHyTpeHHHft M«p KaxcAoro repoa». Asropy b btoh padore xo- TeAocb hath iiyxeM MexoBa, co3Aan> nbecy BHyTpeHHeii AHHaMHKH. flawe no Ha3BaHHK) OH C03HaTeAbH0 CdAHHtaA CBofi «HdAOHeBblS CaA» C «BHUIHeBbIM caAOM* Mexoaa, KOHeauo, He no TeMe, a no xapaKTepy ApaMaiyprHTOCKHX 33 0PCHCHCCep M. r . BopOB, XyAOHiHHK 3 . B. MapHOMCKHH, K0Mn03HT0p B. r. Ep3aKOBHH npOHHKAHCb MHCA M aBTOpa, OHH A0A3AH CneKTaKAb B •iHpH'iecKOM nAaHe h cbctaux TOBax, c tohkoB odpncoBKoft odpa30B. B o<f>opMAei!HH Bbipa3HTeAbHO nepeAana odcTaHOBKa caAa, npomoaHHOro apKHM coAHueM: Bo/imicrbie ahhhh n.iomaAOK, npo3paiHbic, no-BecemieMy OdAHTbie UBeTaMH adAOHH, AerKHe AeCeHKH-CTpCMaHKH H TOHKOHOrHe CKa- MeciKH wa (Johc mnydoro Heda h chmkhmx rop, cbokhc, KpacoMnue ko- ctiomh M0A0Ae*H... CneKTaKAio npeAinecTBOBaAa doAbinaa My3biKaAbiiaa yBepTwpa, nepeAaBaBiuaa BecHy: UBeTyr adAOHH, x y p ia r pyqeftKH, ojkhb- AeHHO HHpHKaioT nTHAH... B paA cueH BBeAeHO My3biKaAbiioe conpoBOWAe- HHe, neciiH moaoabjkh h a a x e TaHuu. no xapaKTepy nocTaHOBKH aro nepsaa AHpH'iecKaa komcahs Ha xa3ax- ckoS co,ene. HeAOCTaTKOM «AAMa darbiHAa» duAa, OAHaKO, BSAoerb, He3Ha9HTeAb- HOCTb KOHljl.THKTa MejKAV Paefl H npOTHBOCTOnniHMH eft CTOpOHHHKaMH CTa- poro dbiTa. 3tot koh<J>ahkt, ochoboB Koroporo hbhaocb cAyiaflHoe neAopa- 3VMeHHe, noA03peHHe, a He AeficTBHTeAbHoe npoTHBopeiHe, He AaBaA noBO- Aa k aKTHBiiofi ApaMaranecKofl dopbde h HCKyccTBeHHo dHA pa3AyT ao oc- hobhoto trrep*HH MHoroaKTHofi nbecbi. 129
o6pa3u ItasaxcKOH MOJioaewH, ho Tan 6m h BUBenenu raaBHHii o6pa30* Moaofluc OaTpaKH b ayae, npoae Eoaaia b nbece Toro we na3Baim mb OpuHficKa B «TapTHC», npa'ieM peib maa o noaHrmecKOM pocre Herpa- Moraoro 6aTpaKa, o npoSywfleHHH ero KJiaccoBoti co3HaiejibHOCTH, o ero iipeBpauieintH b Kojixo3noro aKTHBHCra. B nbece «TacryaeK» noKa3aH caeaytomHS 3ran poera 910B 6eflHanKoB MOJioflewn, KOJioccaJibHuB uiar b ee P33bhthh. B btom cneKTaxae TeMa KyabTypHoro pocTa ayjibiiofi MoaoAeWH nepepamaa ywe b Texiy poxae- hhh Hosofi coBercKofi HHTeaanreHUHH. Ilocae MyraaHMa Caijia —HHTeaaa- r e m npeipeBoarouHomoS anoxn —Ha cueHe noHBHancb KamSap, Beaw- p»K, Canap, ciy/ieHra H3 Ccahhukoh cpeau, BunycKHHKH coBercxoro eysa, co3HaieabHHe 6opuu 3a BbinoaHeHHe napxuBHbix ycranoBOK b xo3HiicrBe, B cneKTaxae «Aasia CarbiHja* xeaTp caeaaa eiue uiar Bnepea, noxa- 3as ACByinKy-Ka3aainy c bucuihm o6pa30BaHHeM, saHirryio TBopiecxHM Tpy- aom (Paa), h MoaoAyio HaiiHOHaabHyio HHicaanreiniiiio na noBceAHeBHoS pa6oie, b 6opb6e 3a hobh8 6ht, 3a coBercxyio MOpaab k sraxy (Aaa h O ahm). Bee 3io 6hah ranbi hobhx a kwh, eme He nosmaaBuiBecH Ha Ka3ax- CKOfi cuene. OAHaKo b 3thx cncxTaioiHx o6pa3« MoaoAoro acaoBexa cobctckoh and- xh He AocrHrAH eme to8 rayCHHbi h THmiiecxoB o6o6meHH0CTH, xoropaa cB—oficVtBe.H...Ha S—oab“moMiy HcnycCTBy. ABiop we cyMea BonaoTHTb Teiay b Kpynaue, BupasureabHue, ueatHhie OOPaRblniP^ 3BHTb 66 B WaMaTHMecKii HacbimemioM cioweTe. THnHBHue qeptu » WH3HH, o6o6marb h yKpynHHib 3th
qep-rbi, HaxoAHTb TaKHe noaoweHHH, ua KOTopux noao6Hue xapaKTepbi mo- ry r BuaBHTbCH c nan6anbiaefi apKOCTbio, OTqeraHBOCTbio. Pa3pemeHHe sthx 3aaaq b tot momam* OKa3aaocb HenocMbHo hh apa- MaTypry, hh aKTepaM. B pe3yjiBTaTe aaHHue cneKTaKJiH He Hcqepnaaii B3HTyio TeMy. Ho ohh npojioxcHAH nyn> k OToGpaaieHHio ofimecTBeiiHofi cpeau, poAHBUiefica b ro a n KyabTypHofi peBoaroium, k hoboh TeMaTHKe, KOTopofl TeaTpy npeaCToa- ao 3aHaTbca b nocaeayiouiHe roam. B oOaacTH HCTopnqecKoii TeMaTHKH HapoaHoe BoccTaiiHe 1916 roaa h rtepHoa rpawaancKoft boAhu no-npeameMy ocraBaaHCb b ueHTpe BHHMaHHa HaaHOHajibHoft apaMaTyprHH. STOMy HCTOpHiecKOMy nepaoay 6biao iiocbh- meno aaace HecnoabKO nbec, H3 hhx nanfiojiee HHTepecHa nbeca ra6HTa MycpenoBa «AMaiire.TbabJ», noaBHBiuaaca Ha eaeHe Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa b nocTanoBKe H. I*. BopoBa\". K paSoTe Haa cneKTawieM kohackthb oraecca TeM fiojiee CTporo, hto oh 6bi.i noKa3aH 3pHTeaio b uapre 1937 roaa, BCKope nocae nepeHMenoBa- hhh TeaTpa b «AKaaeMHqecKH0», h noTOMy KaK 6 u onpeaeaaa ahuo TeaTpa Ha hobom srane ero pa3BHTHa. H a a caMa TeMa nbecbi, ee HCTopiiiecKaa ocHOBa TpeCosaaa cepbe3Horo k ceCe othouichhu. AMaHrc-ibabi Hmshob — KpynHefluiHA, aioShmuR napoaoM repoft rpaxc- aaHCKofl BoiiHbi b Ka3axcTaHe. Oh BbiABHHyaca KaK napoaHbifl bohcab a MOMeHT BoccTaHHa 1916 roaa, ero 6opb6a npoTHB aapcioix hhhobhhkob He- nocpeacTBeHHo nepepocaa b 6opb6y 3a coBercKyio Baacrb, nporaB a yrux 6eaorBapaeAcKHX «npaBHTeabCTB» h npHMbiKaBuiefi k hhm Aaaui-Opau. ribeca «AMaHreabaw» HMeeT cboio A-wTeJibHyio TBopqecKyio HCTOpHio. 3BnepBUe MycpenoB aHHTepecoBaaca o6pa30M AMaHreababi eme b 1931 ro- 3 3ay, Koraa Bbie Hcaa aah opraHH auHH iiomouih roaoaaioiaHM b paftonu, rae aeflcTBOBa.i b CBoe BpeMa AMaHreababi, rae CBewa eme Obi.ia naMHTb o Ha- poanoM repoe. CoOpaB b Ceceaax c oieiiHauaMH BOccraHHH CoraTbiH Ma- 3repHaa, apaMaTypr BCKope co aaa nepBhiS BapHaHT nbecu 06 AMaHreababi 3noa Ha BaHHeM «OKTfl6pbCKHe ahh». Mepes roa-aea Ta * e nbeca, ho ywe b 3KopHe nepeaeJiaHHas, noa araaBHeM «Ajiaui-Opaa» 6biaa BKaioqeHa b pe- 3nepTyap Ka axcKoro apaMaTHiecKoro TeaTpa, ho He Owaa nocTaBaeHa. B 3nocjieayioiuHe roau aBTop He npeKpamaa paCoTbi Haa nbecofl, npaqeM CTpyKTypa ee HecKoabKo pa MeHsaacb: Ha nepBbifi naaH BbiaBHraancb to aarepb Aaaiu-Opau, to (fnrypa a AesrreabHocTb AMaHreababi. MeHaaacb 3npa tom h cocTaa aeficTByiomHx aim, h ueHTpaabiias cioweTiiaa ahhhb, 3 3h coaepacaHHe oTaeabHUX nH oaoB. HecMOTpa na aanreabHyio maHipOB- Ky, aBTopy He yaaBaaocb yaowHTb orpoMHbifi MaTepnaa, pHcyiomnS aah- 3 3Teabiibift Tan wh >ih AMaHreababi, b paMKH apaMawiecKoA m>echi. Cio- nmmxeTHaaocTaBaaacb puxaofi; 3nH3oabi — bhah no apaMaTHqecKOMy aeficTBHio h HeaocTaToqiio eBsmaHH Meacay co6oft; aeficTByiomux ana cahih-
KOM MHOro. 'iaCTb HX COBCeM He ofiasaTejlbHa JUU pa3BHTHH AegCTBHH, ■lacTb—cjihhikom 3nH3oaHHHa, HeHCHOo'lepneHa. BapnaHT nbecH, Korophifi B3ht b paoory TeaTpa b ce30He w m /u ro- na, Goaee CKOHiieirrpHpOBaH no BpeMeHH fleficraHa: oh pHCOBaA nocjienHHH sian WH3HH AManrMbau, ero GopbGy 3a coBeTCKVio BAacrb b Typrae h aaKamiiBaaca TpaniiecKofi raGeAbio repoa b 1919 roay, b pe3ynbTaie noA- jioro npejaiejitcTBa: aaaniopatiHuu, npHMeHHB XHTpocTb, samTHBaiOT CaTHpa, Koroporo ne mowh OAOAeTb CHAog. Teaip naia.i ywe penerapoBaTb nbecy, a mHorne cneHbi Bee eme ne- penHCbiBajiHCb, nepepaOaTbreaAHCb, AonoAHHAHCb. B stoS paGoie BMecTe c HBTOpOMnpHHHMan ynaciHe h koaackthb TeaTpa. O.THaKO BopoB ne Oman vepbe3iiOH MeTOAHnecKofi noMoniH HaiHHaiomeMy ApaMaTypry. XpoHHKaAb- Hocib, pa3opBaiiHoen> Ha OTAMbHue 3nH30AU ocranacb KpynHHM HeAOCTar- KOM nbecbl. PoAb AMaHrenbAbi Hrpa.i b cneKTamie EmoGaft yMyp3aKOB. JlenTeabHO POTOBHACH OH K C03A3HHI0 06pa3a: e3AHA B pagOHhl, TAe JKHA H GopOACH AMaurcjibflu, coGnpan o HeM cBeneHun b pa3roBopax co crapHKaMH, BCTpe- iancH c flwaHrajibAHiibiM — 6ah3khm ApyroM h copaTHHKOM AMaHrenbjH. B pesyjibT.iTe MHTeabHofi paGora aKTep cocTaBHA ceGe neTKoe npeacTae- .ichhc 06 oGahkc ii xapaKTepe wapOAHoro repon. ripexpacHO nepeAaA oh iia cuene BHeuiHOCTb AMaHreabnu — aHepramoro h ueJieycrpeMneHHoro, c jkh- oumh raa3aMH. n-iorao cxanjMH ry6aMH, c HeGtwibmoB. aKKypanio noAcrpn- *eHHOH GopoAKoft. 3acjiyra apracTa Test Goiiee isenHKa, hto b Te toah eme He Guno aoc- roBepiioro nopTpeTa AManrejibAU. ToAbKO b 1940 roAy Ha BhtcraBKe paGor xyAOiKHHKOB Ka3axcTaHa noHBHAcn nepnufi noprpeT AMaiireAbAti, bu- nojineHHbifl xyAoiKHHKOM A. KacreeBbiM. B CBoeft Hrpe ap-racT yGeAHTCAbiio ncpejian noABiincHocTb, CTpeMHTe®- HOCTb AMaiireAbAbi, ero HeyaporaMug ayx, ero 6ah3octb k Hapony, yMe- mie roBopitTb c napoAOM, VBAe'ib 3a coGog Maccy cmiog cBoero TeMnepa- MeiiTa. li pane cneii ero nrpa OTAmaaacb noAAHHHog cTpacmocTbio. UKpywcHHbig aAamopAUHnaMH. BHeuiHe cnoKogno npHHMiaeT oh npa- R33 00 apecre, mibKo naabuhi HepBHo GapaGaHHT no Kowanofl cyMKe. 3a- CTpeMHTBAbHo cpbiBaeTCA c MecTa, XBaTaeT npnKa3 h pa3- BLe„aa.e„T oh Ha BMheinJIaKAHeBKp>a'CraK.H- Pb3ko h opacTHo, HeKaiiH Ka*Aoe CAOBO, 0T- ^Py<^ S 1 ;^ i^ PupHvn^ii>iv^!IHv MH0r0r*laHH*r0 o6pa3a HaP°A>>oro repoa ax- iiyMeHTaiwiw™ yMyP3aKoay-AMaHre.ibAbi hc AocraBaao mo- hkjio cMy ™’ ™ woc™' BHemil«8 nacpoc nopog noAMeHHA BHyTpes- fueHeProM ^H o^S*™ H^ , ^PHMTCTBOBa■’, noilMeHI,e AMaHreAbAU \"a HaTAeHHe, Kawaoe uprJ^MrTenbH0CTb aKTePa nP«H3B0AHAH GoAbmoe Bne- e CJI0B0> naiKAbig yaap no Bpary Bhi3biBaA jkh-
Boft otkjihk b 3aae. Ho Bee we 3pHTeab yxonmi co cnexTaxaa ne Bnojwe yflOBJieTBopeHHUM: oh xoT&n BHAeTb CBOero fflo6HMoro repoa eme 6onee KpynHbIM H 3Ha'IHT(yibHblM. Phaom c AManrejibAbi b cnexraxjie oahhm H3 pyxoBOAHTenefi peBoaio- HHOHHOrO HapOAB nOK23aH pyCCKHH pafioHHft fio.lblUCBHK Erop. riOA06Hblfl ■o6pa3 Ha xa3axcxofi cneHe He cayaaeH; oh 6bin HyweH, mo6u noKasan. 3pHTeAto KAaccoByio cojiHAapHocTb pyccKoro u Ka3axcKoro napoAOB b hx HCTopniecKoft 6opb6e nporaB uapH3Ma, ocTaTKOB (J>eoAaJibHoro MHpa h 6yp- wya3Hux npaBHreJibCTB. B «AMaHrejibAbi» o6pa3 pyccxoro CoJibmeBHxa He cpa3y Hainan CBoe MecTO. B oahom H3 BapHaHTOB nbecu aBTop nbrrajica nociaBHTb pyccKoro pa6onero AHApeeBa b noAiHHeHHoe nonoweime no oTHomeiraio k AMan- rejibAbi. B ApyrOM BapHaHTe AManrejibAbi HeApywanofiHo npminMa.ii AHA peeBa, npHCJiaHHoro H3 Hempa Ana nojiHTH'iecKoro pyxoBOACTBa. B tom BapnaHTe nbecu, xoTopuii men b TeaTpe, o6pa3 pyccxoro Conb- rneBHKa BbiBeAen naH6o.iee yAaiHO. 3 to — mnepcxHfi pa6omii Erop, CTa- pufl npHsrrenb AMatireJibAU, c xoropuM ohh BMecTe chacjih b napcKoB TiopbMe. OTHomeHHH MewAy hhmh He TOJibKO AeJiouuc, ho h ApywecKHe; H 3to AaBano B03M0WH0CTb IIIaxeHy AflMaHOBy, HrpaBiueMy ponb Eropa, OWHBHTb o6pa3, npHAHB eMy TennoTy, AofipoAyruHe, cepAeiHOCTb, KiMop. CaMoe noHBjieHHe Eropa b craHe AiaanreJibAU oforaBneHO xoMHiec- KHMH nOApo6HOCTHMH. ErO CXBaTbIBaeT BO BpeMH pa3BeAKH OAHH H3 Bep- khx cap6a30B AMaHrenbAu, MOJioAofi CepHK, h, noA03peBaa b k3jkaom pyc- ckom Bpara, Bener Ha Aonpoc k caMOMy HaaaabHHxy. AfiMaHOB CTPOHJI 3Ty ClieHy Ha MCXOJIbXO HpOHH'ieCKOM OTHOmeHHB Eropa k MonoAOMy, HeonuraoMy erne CepHKy. IIpH BCTpeie c AMaHrenbAtJ oiunCKa CepHKa BCXpbiBaeTca, h Erop AoOpoAyuino nocMeHBae-rca: «TboB AJKHTHT CXB3THA MeHH H BeAOT K Te6e, 3aieM — H CaM He 3HaeT». B aneAyiomeii xapTHHe nona3aHa BCTpena Eropa c AManrenbAbi b urraGe BOCCTaiwa. 3 ia BCTpeia HamicaHa aBTopoM b matie cyxoB nenoBofl CeceAfai, cneHinecKH Mano HHTepecHofi. H 3Aecb AfluaHOB crpeManca owh- BHTb cueHy: «MHe xoTenocb nepeBecTH 3Ty Bcrpeny H3 ihcto zienoBoro naa- iia b n;raii 3aAyuieBHoft SeceAU AByx Apy3efi. Erop npouien fiojibinyio pe- BomoHHOHiiyio mKo.iy, BocnHTaH napniefl. Ho oh He noKa3bmaer AMaHrejib- Au CBoero npeBOCxoACTBa, hto6h He ofiHAeTb ero; yBawaeT b m m cienHoro opna, oCpamaeTca c hhm Tenno h cepAeaHO*. lllHpoKO 6ha npeAcraBJien b stom cnexraxne Tanwe npoTHBononow- huB Jiarepb HainiOHanbHofl 6ypwya3HH c ee anamopAbiHCXHM oxpyweHH- eM. noA HMeHeM JKaxaca 3Aecb 6bin BbiBeneH oahh H3 rnaBHhix pyxOBOAH- Tenefi Anaui-OpAU — Mepwaxyn flym oB, JiaAep xa3axcx«x 6ypwya3Hbix nauHOHajiHCTOB. KanaH BanupoB, HcnonHHTenb srofi ponn, CyayiH ciyABHTOM. bhaui JlynaTosa h nOTOMy hm&a B03MOWHoen> ctpohtb ofipa3 no ahihum Bocno-
MHHaHHHM. «MHe npeacraBJiancH JKaitac, — roBopHT aiciep,—nax apsi HauHonajiHCT, HeaaBHflamHH b paBHoii Mepe h uapcxyio h conerCKyio aaacn. Oh MetTaei o6pa30BaTh caMOCTOirreJibHoe xa3axcKoe rocyaapcreo, rae oh caM, JKaxac, 6bui 6« xaHOM. 3 ia Mhioib npecaeayeT ero HeoidynHo, on- pefltvmeT bcio ero aenreabHOCTb. 3ro — Bpar ysiHbifi, xonoanuS, pacnewiHBbift, 6e3*aaocTHbiH. Hmtoro oh ne hk>6ht, Bee—h cboh h nywHe—aaa Hero TOJibKO cpeacTBO k aocra- JKeHHio ueJiH. Oh cKpureH h npaneT cboh HcrmiHue qyBCTBa noa MacaoS apyra napoaa, THxoro h aoSpoayniHoro. 3 to 3Bepb, KoiopuS ao npusica He BbinycKaer cbohx Korrefi*. BueuiHocTb JKaxaca nopTpeTHO BOcnpoiBBOflH.ia ero npoo6pa3. Ao- EQJIbHO nOjlHUH, XOAHT, 3aB0pBHHBaH BHyrpb HOCKH, paCKaiHBaflCb H3 cropOHH b CTopoHy. Rpyrnrue 'iepra anua, GoabiuoB hoc, axieypaTHo noa- crpawemibie ycHKH. Bceraa iHcreHbKHfi, npHflH3aHHbi8, b xopomeM kocho- Me, ’lactj c ueno'iKofi, nepHan manna c MaaenbKHMH no.in.MH. KpacHBaa, mh- -ian Macxa, 3a KOTopofi CKpusaeTCH aaoBHrafi spar. B Hrpe —cKynofi wecT, Maao aaii)KenH0, 3aio cocpeaoTOnei)Haa muchb. Oh ne KpHHHT, roBopHT thxo, He xoponacb, 6e3 naipoca h bhcuihhx 3$$ex- tob, ho Bee spincaH, 3aTaHB auxame, caymawTero caoBa. Toabxo b Hexo- ropwx MecTax )Kaxac ropswrca, HepuHHMaer, a Toraa Haqwiaer 3aHKanca. B neTBepTOMaxie aaauiopauHiUJ coBemawrcH, Kate 3aMaHHTb b aoBym- xy xpacHufi OTpaa, Haymufi Ha nowomb AwaHre-ibau. CocraBjiaioT naaH— tianHcarb ua'iaabHHxy oTpaaa npeaareahCKoe nncbMo h nocaaTb 3a noa- nacbio AMaHreabau, cnaamero b TiopbMe. Ho Kax 3acraBHTb AMaHrejibjbi noamrcaTb micbMo? Chobo 3a JKaxacoM. Tot He ToponHTca Bbicxa3aTb cboio Mhioib. laateaaa nay3a: Meaaeimo npoxoaHT )KaKac no cuene h octaHas- •WBaoTCa nepea okhom, cmnoft k 3pirremo. BiiHMaTeabHO cMorpaT Ha Hero 3ar°BopmHKH. 3aTCH peaKHfi noBopoT: amo, HCxaweimoe 3ho6oS, erne na- >3a, h THXHe caoBa: «Echh He noamnner — paccTpenaTW. Tya iienaBHCTH ruutr°i°,Bf HHa nP°H0CHTC,! no 3aay, aTMOcrjiepa b kotopom HaxaaeHa w am# <-nJuH«Te,IbHUMH nay3aMH- HHKoraa 3pHTeab He anjioanpoBa.i nocae H “o^naHHeM Bbipawaa cBoe OTHOuieHHe k HeHaBnciHowy Bpary. nocae HeHaBHAejl Oaxaca, a HHoraa nepeHocaa cbo» Hena- ?KTepa’ HrpaBmero ary poab. He pa3 npaxoaHaocb eMy «► cnemi o5pa.a, ho OTHeiHna HetipaaaonojioSHom ™w topMe c ,.p .M » - Horo apyra Hapoaa h He S 2ar XHTpee; 08 BbWaBaj' ce6g 33 BeP' HaW y c X 6 aeSCTBOBaTb OTKpHTO. B6tcJcJH»bifwt BaocTHoS ™ M m M baJAA®TflyMra(*j)HaCpK0-M JxiaHreippueiiy, ftKaO'nB,°apHnbPieft«, CTTHaM*eeafoi“- -rcanx h aBBxeHHHx KaanBex KyaHumnaeB), a^amopauncxHS
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.aewie: phtm mv31»ikh Bee yBucrpaercd. Mojiaumeca H3yeepu aoxoaht no nojffloro HCCryiuieiiHH, b ahkoA iwacKe cmafiaiOT c Hor cna6ocHAbHoro Ben- nay, HaHOCHT eMy TaxcMue y^apu. R outo jiexHT oh 6e3 ABH*eHHH, 3areM •r TpyaoM npanoAHHMaeTca. B HeM co3peno y * e pemeime 6ewarb H3 Meie- th, ho Tyr B03HHKaeT cTpanjHoe npeniiTCTBHe: AjiTMH-aft OTAana b rapeM AK-HiaaHa, ABepH MC'ieTH HaaeKn aanpuniicb 3a Heft. Tanoe pa3BHTHe neftcTBHa aaer aBTopy B03MO*nocrb noxa3aTb »H3Hb rapeMa c ero 6e3aejibeM h ctcnoKaMH. KpyniibiM nnanoM nonasaHa 3Aecb CTapuiaa *eHa auiana (Xarapa fla- paOaeBa)—WHpaaa, o6pio3ruiaa ot BeiHoro JiewaHHH Ha noayuiKax. ynep- uiHCb pyxaMH b niHpoKo paccTaojicHHue kojighh, oHa BawHo npHHHMaeT rocTbio, npmneflniyio k Heft Apyryio, Moaoayio xeHy. Bnaaa.’ie naeT MHp- flbifi, flawe npHTopno mo<5e3Hbifl pa3roBop. Ho nepBoe we necorJiacne bh3U- BaeT o6oK>AHoe pa3ApaweHne, nepe6paHKy, KOTopasi eABa He aoxoaht ao ApaKH; X03Hi\"iKa XBaTaeT nniony y cHA«meft pbaom npHWHBanKH h b raeBe BuroHaer rocTbio. B poAH CTapyxH-npHHCHBBAKH BnepBue BUCTynHAa Ha anaAeMHiecKofi nuene aptHCTKa Paxna OcnanoBa (KoflHy6aeBa), TOAbKO mto nepeBeAen- Haa b AaMa-ATy H3 KaparaHAHHCKoro TeaTpa. Rust xapamepHCTHKH o6pa- 3a OHa Hauiaa ySeAHTenbHbie A eram y Hee 6e3o6pa3HaH BHemHocn., Mop- ihhhhctos ahuo, 6e33y6b(ft pOT, Ha uieKe 6opOAaBKa. Ioxoc rpyfibifl, noun <5ac, CMex— 3Jioft h HenpHarauft. Grpacrb ee — nocnneraHMaTb. HaflAa ce- 6e co6eceAHHuy, erapyxa noAcaJKHBaerca k Heft no&mjKe, pynauH noATa- rHBaeT 6oAbiiyro Hory. riepeA TeM nan Haiatb pa3roBop — 3axMypnBaerca, co6npaeT ahuo b KynaaoK, npHKnaAUBaeT naaeu k luene, caobho npeABKy- maa yAOBOJibCTBHe, 3aTeM cpa3y OTKpuBaer rna3a h pot, a naneu Bbnara- BaeT b eropoHy napraepa. Fobopht 6ucTpo, npaMO Ha yxo, mto6u hhkto He CTOACJiyman. 06pa3 npHWHBajiKH, HecMOTpa Ha 3HH30AHMHOCTb, nonyawica HaCTOJlbKO apKHM, MTO Cpa3y npHBACK K apTHCTKe BHHMaHHe H CHMnaTHH ticefi TeaTpaatHoft o6mecTBeHH0CTH. Beraiay nhrraeTca ocboCoahtl AnTbiH-afi H3 rapeMa c noMOuibio 6aT- pana MypaTa h Aftuiif, oahoS H3 MonoAem>KHX weH An-miiana. Ho sthm oh TOJibKO HaBnenaeT HOBHe HeB3roAbi Ha ce6ii a cbohx coo6iuhhkob. Ilo AOJKHOMy o6i!Hnenmo AK-muaHa MypaT h Afiina 3araioiei!(j b rropbMy. He b canax nepeHecTH ropa, Beraiay ysinpaer. AarbiH-aft cxoaht c yMa. Ha 3tom npHMepe cneicraKAb noita3biBaA rpareAHio MejioBeica, nbrraB- uieroca BCTynHTb b 6opb6y npoTHB Mac™ peaurnH h pa3AaBneHiioro b 3to8 HenocHJibHoft 6opb6e. PeHCHCCep HaCOHOB, CTaBHBUIHfi 3T0T CneKTaKAb, nOBepXHOCTHO 3H3A H30(5paHcaeMaS b naece 6wr, cpeAycjiyxHTejieft Hcnana. B 3a'rpyAinneJibHOM noaoKeHHH oh npH6er k ncnuraHHOMy cpeACTBy: npeAOcraBHA cBo6oAy
TBODiecTBa caMHM HcnoJiHHTeJTHM, OT6apan ayauiHC H3 npejwaraeMHX HM» «a peneTHiuwx MiuawcueH. ripncM OKaaanca npaBHHbHHM: amepu Ham- an pun ynaiHbix, mctkhx o6pa30B, oco6chho cpe«H npaBOBepHbix ooHTaTe* neS MC'ieTH, bmvuihx napa3HTH<iecKHa o6pa3 KH3HH. EneaHee nonym.HHCb noaowHTMbHbie repoa nbecu. Ohh noKaaaau 6hjih tojimco tcaa wepreu pe- aarKH, a He nan 6opuu npoTHB aee. XonoaeH 6ua MypaT b acnoaaeHHH }Karau Ory36aeBa: b ikm 3paieab He ayBCTBOBan HenaBHCTH k peaara03- HOMy MpaKofiecHio, He BHaen pocTa tuiaccoBoro caMoco3HaHaa. 3 tmm onpeaeanaca o6mafi xapaicrep cneRTaiom: cainpH'iecKnil b o6pH- eoBKe r.iyaiiiTe.’ieii HcaaMa, MenoapaMaTaaecioifi b cnenax c 6eaHBKaMa, no- nr.BiuHMH b nayTHHy Meaera. My3biaa yaaaHO Bbipaxaaa 06a sth craaeBue HanpaBaeHaa. B pa- ae nicer ona SByaaaa TporareabHO MeaoapaMaTHaecKK, nanpaniep b necea- ae Beanay, aoiopyio on iiaarpuBaa aa co6u3re, npaxoaa b Meaere; b ax- aopaax, noaaepKHBaBniHx erpaaaHHa AaruH-afl. Hao6opoT, enema rapeMa conpoGowaanacb KOMaaecKofl My3biKoS, noaaepKHBaiomefi apaay mem aa- .HOCTpHpoBaBUiyio ax Caaeabe; eme 6oaee OTaemaBa 6uaa caTapaaHOCib My3biKH b cneae pe.iarao3Horo paaeHra. CneKTamib pa3o6aaaaa H3yBepcTB0. OecKy.ibTypbe, tcmhotv, pasBpar peaarao3HHx (panaTHKOB, BU3HBaa xa- Jioctb k ax wepreaM. B penepTyape TeaTpa «A3per-CyaTaH» 3aaaji 3HaaHieabHoe Mecro, KaK eflHHciBCHHwfi b flOBoeHHue roau cneKTamn. na aHTHpeanratoHyio TeMy. Tonu xynowecTBeHHoro pyaoBOACTBa BopoBa Sbuih nepaonoM 3HaiH- TeabHoro ojKiiBaenaa b paCcrre Ka3axcaoro TeaTpa, BpeMeHeM HHTepecHUX MfKaHHa, ropaaax cnopoB, KaneHna. 3a 3th roau reaTp caeaaa cnenyiomHii mar aa nyta k TBopaecKofl 3peaocra, noBbicHJiocb HaefiHO-xyaoxecTBeHHoe aaaeciBo ero cneKTamieft, b Koropux Tenepb co3HaTeabiio npHMeHaaacb see Bbipa3HTe.abHMe cpeaerea reaipa: AHHaMOTHbie MH3aHcueHbi h wHBoe neS- c™ a’ MyatjKa, cser, kocttomh, nonaHHemue ochobhoh Hiee nbecu. mf,.B“ p0CJ10 “ acrepcreo aarepoB, pacnropHaca ax Kpyro3op, ohh He repa- \" “ J * ’ Cb\"WH 33 npenenu poanoro ayna, cBofionHeii lyBCTHOBana ce6* RPnv™a°JIR0M PenePTyaPe» co3AaBanH nojmoueHiibie o6pa3bi b roecax co- J*PaMaTyPI'HH («ApHCTOKpara», «Jlio6oBb flpoBaa*) a nonoutw OBJiaaeaaio pyccxofl KaaccHKoft, liaqaHaa c «PeBH3opa». mBeHx Ho'rH^aDVKOMHAHTpl937n^P80U,re0J;IlaBnu0eC.JiloeMy3xHoaaaiHTBeoipibOHBoa 6c.ienaoaCeTaa xnypzeonxua*y*-- leari) jiaji Kp0Me ®j1io6obh Hpocoiis, Haaaio« eme BopoBUM, A- ToKMaraM6eTnnf l “aj,03HaqHTMbHlJX cnearaiom: <A3peT-CyaraB> TaH» Ka3ajica fivnLu apaAa* M - Ay330Ba. CneKTaioib «A3per-Cyn- rejn>nu» n Z , nocj,e u,yMHOr° ycnexa «PeBH3opa» a *A«aa- , W . flpyrHX saMbicnoB H flOCTH*eHHft ceaoH He nan. Tean>
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rjtaaa 5 nPEffBOEHHJME rOflH (1988-194-1) 5 aeKa6pn 1936 roaa IpesBwqaftHHM VIII cmsaom CoBeroB CCCP npBHBTa HOBas KoHcTOTyiuiH CCCP, 3aKpeiuiaBuiaa BaxHeftanae aocmxe- iiHH nofieflHBuiero b iiauieii cipaHe coimaHH3Ma. ycnexH couHa.iHCTHHecKoro CTpoHiejibCTBa bo bcbm CoBercKOM CoK»e Shjih b to x e Bpewa h ycnexaMH Ka3axcKofi pecny&mioi, KOTOpaa coraac- HO HOBO# KOIlCTHTyUHH 6hUa npe0(5pa30BaHa H3 aBTOHOMHOli B C0103HyK) pecnyfijiHKy. Htoth xo3a8cTBeHHoro h KyjibTypHoro pa3BHTHfl Ka3axcKoro Hapoaa noaBefleiibi b 0KTa6pe 1940 rosa b cb«3h c npa3HHOBaiincM 20-fleTna Ka3ax- ckoh pecnyCHHKH. 3a ABamaTb hot ynopHofi 6opb6u b cTpoHTMbCTBa rpy- AamHeca CoBeTCKoro Ka3axcTaHa non pyxoBOACTBOM KoMMyHHcnwecKoS 3 ™ H \"PeupaTmiH HHiuyio b npouuioM kohohhio uapii3Ma b uBerymyio co- m w c m y v pecny&niKy. Cothh tuchh maxoB-KoqeBHHKOB nepeuuia „ S i 00 noHBH.iacb HOBbie ropoaa, pa6oaae hocmkh. Ee3BOAHue ceawKiwnHb,e CJenH nPeBPa™'l>HCb b UBerymae oa3«Cbi comiaHHCTHiecKoro paa. ° X03a“CTBa’ B HHX BbipocjiH raraHibi comaAHCTHaecKoS HHaycT- 75rpaMOTHocilP R KyJibTypa CTpaHu. 3a ro w coBereKofi Macro Bbipocaa b aecan, pa3 h oxBawaa cBume atjuieauraa ht n*'«*e »IUI' n °HBHJIacl>«OBaa HauHOHajibHaa HHTWumreHnM, C^TBa KOUMjyHHS«M«a.3°uOKpiLernui«a Tflpbyi’,nHo*aK0Kfiac3pax<cKmoronPheflpaHycHcait’1orAoeaHyapcorapooBH.TMb-
ycnexH Ky.ibrypHoS peBOJitoimH npHBMH k SypHOMy pacuseiy icaaax- CKoro nauHOHajibHoro HCKyccnsa, ciaBmero Tenepb Hepa3pnBHo8 lacibio cfltworo MiioroHauHOiiaabHoro HCKyccrBa CoBercKoro Coio3a. riapTHH h npaBHTejibCTBo Ka3axcTaHa no-npexHeMy c iienpecraHHbiM BHHMaHueM wieAHJiH 3a pa3BHTHeM HauHOHa^bHoro HCKyccrea, 3afiOTH.iHcb o npaBHJibHocTH ero xyaowecTBeHHoS jthhhh, 06 ynpo'ieHHH ero MaTepnajib- Horo n<yio}KeHHa. B nocTaHOMeHHH CoBHapKOMa h UK Kfl(6) Ka3axcTaHa « 0 flajibseS- mein pa3BHTHH AHTeparypu h Hcxyccm b Ka3axeraBe», onySaHKosaHHOM c $eBpaAe 1939 ro*a, coaepwHTCH pa* nyHKTOB. nanpaBaeHHbix Ha noBbi- m em e BHHMaHra k BonpocaM HcicyccTBa, na ynymeHHC yaiOBHfl pa6ora TeaTpa h aKTepcKoro KOAACKTHBa52. riocraHOBJieHHB o6n3biBaJto TociuiaH Ka3CCP «6ecnpepHBHO cnaCxtaTb ActfrumrrabiMH TOBapaMH reaTpbi pecny6jiHKn», «o6komu, ropxoMbi, paflKO- MU KI1(6)K, O&ITHCnOAKOMhl, pafiHCnOBKOMhl H rOpCOBeTbl CHCTCMaTHHeCKH yxernTb BHHMaHHe BonpocaM .iHTepaTypu h HCKyccTBa, paOoTe TeaTpoB», aaanyniHBarb ottoth aapeKTOpOB, 0Ka3biBaTb hm npaKTHiecityio noMonjb, C033.aTb HeofixOflHMbie KVJIbTypHO-6WTOBhie h HouwmHbie ycAOBHa pa6oraH- B HaCTHOCTH, BblCKa3blBaJIOCb Tpe60B3HHe 3aK0HHHTb B AjTMa-ATB ■CTpOHTejIbCTBO WHAOIT) AOMa AAH apTHCTOB, «H3bICK3Tb cpeACTBa Ha KanH- Ta.BbHbiH peMOHT h oCopyAOBauHe TeaipoB*. Ka3axcKH8 AxajeMH'iecKHft TeaTp ApaMbi k STOMy BpeweiiH, nocAC pa3rpoMa cpopMaxHCTH'iecKHX TeneunS, npoaHO 3axpenHAca Ha peaAHCTH- hcckhx no3Hiuwx. CBH3aHHbi8 iepe3 Bcecoi03Hhifi komhtct no AenaM hc- KyccTB co BceMH HauHOHaAbHbiMH TeaTpaMH CoBeTCKoro Coi03a, KaaaxcxHfl TeaTp oxotho o6MeHHBaAca c hhmh onuTOM h penepTyapoM, CTpeMHACa He OTcraBaib ot Apyrax b TBopiecKHX AoCTHweHHax. TBopneCTBo TeaTpa b sth roA« 6u,io Han6oAee CMeAo h pa3Hoo6pa3- ho, TeaTp He 6ohacb 6paTbCH 3a Aiodhie tgmh, npofioBan cboh chau b ak>- 6hx xaHpax h Be3Ae Ao6HBaACH nOAHOuemibix pe3yAbTaTO8: b o6a3Cth cob- peMeHiioio penepTyapa, hctophh h snoca, pyccKofi h mhpoboA KAaccHKH” . HobuS noA’beM b pafioTe Ka3axcxoro TeaTpa craA B03M0*eH TOAbKO npH ycAOBHH 3aMeTHoro ojkhbachhh b Ka3axcxo8 AHrepaiype, ocoSeHHo b hauHOHdAbHOH ApaMaTyprHH. ZUBcTBHTeAbHO, B 3IH r0Abi Ka3axcKaa AHiepaTypa erpeMHTeAbHO poc- .ia. CBHsaHHaa iepe:i C om coBercKHx nHcaieAeil c ahrepaiypoB Bcex Ha- poAOB CCCP, OHa o6oramaAacb hx odhtom, HHTeHCHBiio pa3BHBaAa HOBbie AAH Hee BHAbI H HCaHpbl, KOTOpMe AO peBOAIOUHH HaXOAHAHCb B 3aiaTOHHOM COCTOHHHH. 3HaiHTeAbHO oKpenAa 3a 9th toah Ka3axcKaa ApaMaTypnia” . PacoiH- pHAHCb ee TBopiecKHe xaApu 3a chct pocra hobux moaoaux ApaMaTyproB I- noBbiineHHH HHTepeca k reaTpy b cpeAe crapinero noxoAeHHH mcaTeAeB.
3 th roflu 6u.ih Haiaaou apaMarypraiecKoft aeaie-ibHOCTH paaa era- pefiiunx nHcaieneft Ka3axcTaHa, xopouio H3BeCTHbix CTpaHe cbohmh npc»an- •jeCKHMH H nOSTHieCKHMH npOH3BeAeHHHMH. Ca6iiT MyxaHOB, oahh H3 ochoboitojio>khhkob Ka3axcKOH coBercKoit ah- TepaTypw, b 1939 rosy BnepBue Bbimen Ha cueny AKaaeMHtecKoro xeaipa co cBoeii nbecoS «Kypec KyHaepHHaes («B ami fiopbOa*) H3 shoxh rpax- .lancKoii BOHiibi. BaanbiieSuieM ohywe HeocTaBJiaa apaMatyprinecKoS aea- TcabHocTH, ocofieHHo HacToftiHBo pafioTaa b Te'ieitne aonrax net Haa cae- mmecKHM BonaomeraeM ofipa3a nepooro Ka3axcnoro npocBenrreAH-AeMO- upaTa h yienoro Roxana BaaiixaHona. AOflHJibaa Ta*H6aeB, TaaaHTHHBbiii noat, aBiop mhothx HKiepeciM craxoTBopeiiHH h no3M, nepeBea Ha xa3axcxHii m ux xoMeaxio Monbepa «ripoaeaKH Cxaneiia*, KOTOpaa Bcaea 3a sthm 6bina nociaBaeiia Ha cae- ne AKaaeMHHecKoro Teax-pa b 1938 roay. B 1939 roay oh BuexynM xax cor •nvrop MyxTapa Ay330Ba no nbece i AxKafitjn» («Eenaa 6epe3xa») Ha TeMy rpaiKaaiicKofi bohhu b Ka3axcTaHe. npoaoawaa oh pafiory ana cuenu a u nocneayiowHe roau. ra6«T MycpenoB 3aHHiepecoBaaca apaMaTypnieii uecKOJibKO paHbme, ho micaa TOJibxo ana My3UKaabiioro reaTpa. Ero MyabiKaabiiaa apaiia- «Kti3-}K.H6eK» curpana b 1934 roay h nonymura Bbicoxyio onemcy na ae- aaae Ka3axcKoro HCxyccTBa b MocxBe. Tenepb oh npoaon*HA cboh nonur- hh apaMarypTHaecKH oCpadoTaTb cnxeibi cTapHHHoro HapoaHoro snoca; UpaMa MycpenoBa «Ko3bi-Kopnem—Baaa-Cyay> 6bi.ia nocTa&aeHa Axa- AeMH'iecKHM TeaipoM b 1940 roay. Pafioraa MycpenoB h Haa HCTopaaecKO* TeMaTHKofi, co3aaB HecKtuibKo BapnaHTOB m>ecn 06 AMaHrenbau —npaxe- imiuibHo k ycnoBHHM AxaAeMHqecKoro Teaipa, nepHibepHSHofi cueHbi a ny» 3HKaabHon apaMbi. Hapmy c npOH3BeaeHHHMH MaCTHTHX nncaTMefl nOHBMHCb B TC roau HbecH H HcKoropbix mohoaux apaMaTyproB. ™ ? CHTCa 8 nePBy ° oaepeab Ajibxcanap A6HUieB, M0.ioaofl m-' cDaxv ’n « ^ Pm , ln0C,1e pa,aa ra3eTHU;t oiepKOB H HeOojibiDHX paccxaMft nPbccL«“ X T Ca B ne?Bo e paflhl Ha«\"OHam.Hoft apaMaryprHH cbomk Wh», 1940)°A6hS H>b l938) “ «*<W acTaP» («T0B3pB- weHH, pa6oxaji hco™ *™ °T flpyrlix *PaMi«yproB AOBocHHoro Bpe- MHHCHC03M^ ? 11311 TCMaMHCOBeTCKOfl COBpeMeHHOCTH, CTpe* m_ y ,ecKHe °ePa3bi repoeB coiiHajiHcrHiecKoro Tpyaa. He 33KOH4HB Ha pBKHCCepcK0M ^ b j e t e THTHC, HO. ckom Tearne . p 0°TaTb pe»HCCepoM B KasaxcKOM CeMHnanaTHH- lecKaa pafioTa wan 8 pecny6jIHKaHcaou Tearpe onepbi h 6aaeia. IIpaKTH- Bbipa3HTejibHoo™ «nr , ! ™ ea noMOMa tu y noHHTh 3aKOHbi caeHHqecRofl' ia.T OH 3Ty oafimu °fA3 .°\" nonP°6ooaa cboh chjih b apaMaiyprHH. Ha- 1940 roay aaP AKaaeMHqPbvnlDHX nbeco^ a,la nePH4>epniiHofi cueiibi, a a HG aeMHaecKOMy reaTpy fioabuiyio nbecy «Alapa6aH». Ycnes
9thx nbec onpeAenan ero OKOHiaTejibHUH noBopoT ot pewaccypbi k Apaiaa- TyprHH. B Te we roAbi Haian ApaMaTypmecxyio aeanuibHOCTb bctophk Myca- Tafl AxHHwaROB. Ero nepBaa nbeca Ha Teuy o HapoflHOM bocct3hhh XIX Be- Ka b Ka3axcTaHe «HcaTafi — Maxaufier* 6buia nocTaBJieHa AKajieMHHecKHM TeaTpoM b 1938 roay. Bnojnie ecTecTBeHHo, qro Taxoe pacuinpeHae Kpyra HauHOHa.ibHiJx Apa- MaTyproB oxaaajio fijiaroTBOpHoe simsime Ha pa3BHTHe Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa. MoniHbiu CTHMyjiOM aah hoboto noAbeMa Ka3axcxoro TeaTpa hbhjich npHTOK HOBbIX CHJI H3 CpeAH MOAOAOft HaHHOHajIbHOH HHTeJIJIHreHUHH. H B npeAWAyiUHe r o m 6bum MOMeHTU npHJnma hobux chji b kojuickthb pec- nyCAHKaHCKoro TeaTpa ApaMbi, oco6eHHo 3HaHHTe;ibHbiii — b 1931—33 roAax, KorAa HaaHHajiH cboh tboptockhS nyrb axTepbi Tax na3UBaeMoro «cpeAHero rroKOAeHHH*. Ho TorAa b KOJuieKTHB BAHBajiacb MOAOAewb H3 caMOAesTenb- HbfX KpyWKOB, KOTOpaH He HMe^a HH IHKOJlhl, HH OnbITa H OWHAaJia TBOpqe- ckoS noMomH ot pyxoBOACTBa TeaTpa. Hnaie oSctosao j m o b npeABoeHHbie toam. KorAa cra-im cKa3hiBaTbca pe3yAbTaTbi nocraHOBJieHHfl CoBHapKOMa h KpafixoMa Ka3axcKo5 ACCP 1933 rosa, HanpaBjieHHbix Ha noATOTOBKy TeaTpaJibHO-My3binaJibHbix m a - poB, KorAa Ha cneHy kb33xckhx TearpoB crcuiHUbi h nepwipepHH Haiajm uih- pOKOft BOJIHOH MHBaTbCH MOJIOAbie CneUHaAHCTbl C BblCUIHM xyaowecTBeH- HbiM o6pa30BaHHeM, aKTepu, pewHccepu, xyAOWHHKH, KOMno3HTOpbi, nony- MHBiiiHe noAroroBKy b xyAOwecTBeHHbix yveGmjx 3aBeAennnx Amua-Am, ,,'IeHHHrpaAa h Mockbu. Ohh OKa3biBajiH orpoMHoe B-iHaime Ha WH3Hb TeaTpoB, owhbahah pa6oTy, Bhi3biBaa Ha TBOpqecKoe copeBHOBaHHe, iioath- i'Hboh orcraiomHX, cTHMyjiHpya o6uihh KyAbTypHbifl poor. B 1937 roAy coctohach nepBbiS Bunycx axrepOB A;iMa-ATH»CKoro Tear- paAbHo-My3bixaAbHoro yqHJiHiua, co3AaHHoro b 1933 roAy Ha ocHOBe no- craHOMeHHH CoBHapKOMa Ka3axcraHa ot 29 anpeAs 1933 roAa « 0 Mepo- npHHTHHX no noAroTOBKe TeaTpaAbH0-My3binaAbHbix xaApOB». IlepBbifi bh- nycK — 16 axrepoB — bahach ucahkom b AicnofiHHCKHfi oS.iacTHofi TeaTp h cnoco6cTBOBan ero xyaowecTBeimoMy pocTy. B 1938 roAy b HHMKeHTCKHfi o6.iacTHO0 TeaTp npHin.ia CoAbuiaa rpyn- na BHnycKHHKOB Ka3axcKofi CTyAHH JleHHHrpaACKoro TeaTpanbuoro yqioiH- ma. Hx npnxoA coBepmeHHo npeo6pa3HA TeaTp, cpa3y BbiABHKyB ero b ne- peAOBbie cpeAH oSAacnibix. JleTOM 1938 roAa Tpynna pecny6AHKaHCKoro AKaAeMHqecxoro TeaTpa ApaMU nonoAHHAacb 23 BwnycKHHKaMH na3axcKoft eryAHH rocyAapcTBeH- Horo HHCTHTjrra TeaipaAbHoro HcxyccTBa hm. JlyHaiapcxoro (rHTHC) b MocKBe. B Te we ronu npHCTynHAH k pa6oTe b K33axcK0M reaTpe h pe- wnccepu-Ka3axH, OKOEiqHBunie b MocKBe pewHccepcKHfi (paKy.ibTeT THTHC. UeHHyio noMomb moaoahm HcnoAHHTeAHM h pewHccepaM oxa3aA ho- bu0 xyAOwecTBeHHHfi pyKOBOAHTeAb AxaAeMHqecKoro Tearpa M. B. Coko- 147
aV^OKQJIOBCKHH HdUBtJCn leaipa*iunv«* >««- -I-**— --- r ''' jsecTBeHHbifl pyKOBoaHTMb JleHHHrpaACicoro TpaMa (teaipa paooieii no- .-loflCJKH) h Kan aBTop cmeR no BonpocaM ipaMOBCKoro jBHweHHB b ue- .10M. Ero nocraHOBKH b TpaMe otJUwanHCb Bupa3HTeabHocTbio, H306peta- TcabHoCTbio, ho BMSCTe c TeM h 3HaqHTMbiio8 AOAefi ipopMaMMa. 3a hc- reKUiHe roflu nooie jihkbhabuhh TpaMa CokoaobckhS b 3HaaHieJibHO0 Me- pe H3WH.1 (JiopMaaHCTHHecKiie yB-ie'iennn 11 nofloweji k peanHcnnecxoMy MCTOfly paCoru. Ero TBop'iccKaH iDiuuHaTHBa, CMWiHfi pa3Max pafioru iioahsuih pmv .'KH3HH Ka3axcKoro Teaipa, BCKOAUXHy.iHKOJWieicrHB. yqefiiiOH pafioTofl c aKTepaMH Ka3axcKoro leaipa Cokojiobckhh He 3a- miMa/ica. Oamko ero peneTHium hmmh cepbe3noe Bocnm-aieJibHoe 3Haie- line aa« aKTepcKoro cocTaBa. CokoaobckhA He nosaiuian HHHiwaTHBU ax- repa, yMwi Ha peneTHUHH pa36yjwrb ero TBOpqecKyio $aHia3HK), pacxptrii -ro HHwiBHflyaabiiocib, noa.CKa3aib b nrpe HHTepecHyio noapoSHOCTb. 06 jthx penerauHHx MHorae aicrepbi BCHOMHHaiOT c S.iaroflapHOCTbio h yao- BOAbCTBlieM. K co*aneiiHio, npeCbiBanne CoKOJioBCKoro b Ka3axcKOM Teaipe npo- .aojiKaaocb neaojiro, HeMHoro Oonbuie roaa. Yjkc b anpeae 1940 roAa oh noKHHyji Ka3axcTaH. nocae yxofla Cokoaobckoi-o xv/towecTBeHHUM pyxoBOAHieaeM Ha3Ha- <!OH Kanait BaAupoB, BbiABHuyrufi H3 cpeau caMoro KonneKTHBa. Haooiy Kanaiia Eaflaposa 3aipyAHsuio oicyrCTBHe npoipeccHOHMbHoS pe*HccepcKoft noaroroBKH, HefloeraToinoe 3H3komctbo c mhpoboh h pyc- cKofl ApaMarypraefi. 3aro oh xoporno 3uaa napoAHyio wH3Hb, HaiwoHaxb- >iyio ApaMarypraw, TpedoBaHHsj h 3anoocw 3DHTaM.\" noHHMaji nvTb Ka3ax- npHcaaaa „ THTHC 18 2 5 ?
oroenbHo, aoroHaa paKee npKHsmjx; h roabico nocae 9Toro rpynnu fiaaii CJIHTbl. riepBUM neaaroroM crapmeft rpynnu no Maciepcrey aicrepa 6 m H. Jl. XopBaT, aKTep crapoft uiKoau AaeiccaHapHHCKoro Teaipa. Oh ao6h- Baiica ot ynaujHXCH npeHMymecTBeHHO MHMHaecKOft Bhipa3HTeabii0CTH: bh- crpaHBaa Bcex b paa h npeaaaraa H3o6pa3HTb pa3Hbie smouhh: meis, pa- aoCTb, rope. Hcho, mto KpoMe rptmac h kphmhhhs h3 9thx ynpawtieHHft HHaero He noayiaaocb. «HaM Tpyano 6uao mtom nepeyiHBan>ca, orae- awBaTbca ot naarpuma, ot BHeumero mofipawemia ayBCTB*,— bciiomh- na er oaHa H3 yHanwxca arofl rpynnu, XacaaT KaMapniwoBa. riocTynHBuiHe b eryaKio b 1935 roay cpa3y ace nonaaa b pyioc neaa- roroB MxaTOBCKofl uikojih. XyaoxecreeHHbiM pyKOBoairreaeM CTyaHH 6na Ha3HaaeH H. M. PaeBCKHfi. O. A. 3ny(5oiscKaH h n . B. JlecaH npenoaasaaa axTepcxoe MacTepcrBo h paSoiaan Haa nocraHOBKaMH. 3 th neaarora BnepBHe craaKHBanacb c paSoToft b HamioHaabHbix cry- aaax h He 3Ha.w, nan Becro 3aH»Tna c yaamHMHca, naoxo nomi.MaiiiunMn pyCCKHH H3bIK, CTOab OTJIH1HUMH no 06pa30BaHHK> H Kpyry HHTepeCOB OT oSbciHoro KOHTHHreHTa CTyaeHTOB. MHTan, hm aeKiym, oCbacnaTb, ito Tanoe «BHHMaHHe», «caeHHiecKaa 3aaaxa», «ckb03H06 aeflcTBHe», Cujio coBepmeH- ho 6ecno.ie3HO. HyxeH 6 m hhcto npaKTHiecKHfl, BaraaaHbift noaxoa k pa- 6ore na ocHOBe noBceaneBHoro acn3KeHHOro onbiTa yaauiHxca. llocTeneHHO 3tot noaxoa 6 m HaftaeH. O. A. ^KySoBCKaa Haaaaa 3aHatHa no MacrepcTBy aKTepa c paccnpo- cob yiauiHxca 06 hx xh3HH, o acH3wn xasaxcKoro Hapoaa; aeaaaa BHa, ito MHororo He noHHMaeT, a 3aTeM npeaaaraaa noKa3aTb b HMnpoBH3HpoBanHoft cueHKe ts noapofiHOCTH 6brra, xoropue TpyaHO ofrbacHHTb caoBaMH. yaeHH- kh c yaaeaenHeM paccKa3biBaan eft o XH3HH poanoro Ka3axcTaHa h c Ta- khm x e HenocpeacTBeHHUM yBJieieHHeM nepexoamiH ot paccKa3a k nrpe. riocTpoftKa lopTbi, KonaHHe Koaoaua, npoceHBaHHe MyKH, yroH cxoTa, cea- tobctbo, npoaaxa aesymeK 3a KaauM — TaKOBbi 6 u m TeMbi nepsux 3aHH- THft, HaftaeHHbie He b yie6nHKe, a b xhboh fieceae, npaieM a a x e HenoHHT- Hoe H33oaHHe «3Tioa» yMbioiaeHHo He ynoMHHaaocb. llocTeneHHO rpynna nepexoanaa k 6oaee caoxHHM HMnp0BH3auHHM. HexoTopbie H3 hhx, noBTopeHHbie HeoaHoxpaTHO, 6bum pa3BepHyTN b ueaue cueHKH. Han6oaee yaaiHoft 6 m a caeHKa, Ha3biBaBiuaaCH «UIaMaH»: ps- Bynixa, Koropoft poanreaH He pa3peuiaioT ouftTH 3aMyx 3a aio6HMoro, npw- TBopaeTCH CoabHofi, aexHT, oxaeT. JleiHTb aeByuiKy npHxoa«T noa BHaoM 6aKCU (uiaMaHa) .iio6hiuhh ee tOHOuia. Oh np0H3H0CHT 3amiHHaHHH, 3aTeM npiiKa3biBaeT poaHTeaaM yaaaHTbca H3 toprhi. Aloaoawe Jaoffl, OCTaBuiHCb HaeanHe, croBapHBawTca h y6era»T. UiaMaHa nrpaa MaHTafi Chi3auKOB, aeByinxy — )KaMaa )KaaMyxaM6eroBa. 3Tioa HeoaHOKpaTiio noBTopaaca Ha Beaepax b THTHCe h 6 m nonasaH b oaHofl H3 nporpaMM Teaipa »a- poanoro TBopaecTBa.
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