Львов Н.И. Казахский академический театр драмы

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■OKOHiaHHH peiH ZlaBHAeHKo nbiTaeTca BHCTynHTb c B03paweHHeM, ho He MOweT noflHHTbca h, yponHB ohkh, GecauibHO onyocaeT rojioBy Ha ctoji. CneKTaioib noK33biBaeT ToKefiaeBa He iwibKO b HKcruryre, no h b 6hi- ry: npHna Ha KBaprapy Kauam no Atny AHecepTamra, oh cpa3y we yBae- KaercH ee cecipofl Baxe, h aajibiue pa3urpbiBaeT c Hefl maibiS KOMHiecKHfi poMaH. Hrpaa poJib BHKe, XaAHUia XCnenKyjioBa BbiKa3ajia He3aypsAHhie cnc- coGhocth b hobom aah Hee carapHiecKOM wanpe. O n a curpaaa npocro, 6e3 KapHKaiypbi hah HajKHMa, ho b to ae BpeMH ocTpo h cohho. B pen.THKax BbiHBHaeTCH bch 6Horpa(}>HH BHKe. O n a yqHJiacb y w e b AByx By3ax, ho He OKOHHHJia HH OAHOTO. Tenepb OHa H iu e r B WH3HH TOAbKO pa3BaeMEHHS, 3aHfl- Ta HapHAaMH, KanaaepaMH, raimaMH, BeiepHHKa.vn. B cbohx ycrpeMaenunx OHa BO MHOTOM CXOflHTCH C T o x e 6aeBblM. Bane noHMaeTCH Ha cnene b hpkom po3obom xajiaTe, c 3aKpyqeHHWMii BOJiocaMH h nannpocKOH b pynax. JleHHBofi noxcAKofi Bpa3Ba.iKy noaxoawr k xeneiJiOHy; HeCpewHo orpaxHyB nenea, CepeT TpySny, pa3roBapHBaeT, y c r- peMHB rJia3a b iiotoaok, HaneBaeT b TpyGxy mothbihk H3 «CHJibBbi». O ha neflOBOHbHa K a M a m , KpmiHT H a Hee rpy6oBaTO-ByjibrapHO. npe3pHT&nbH0 CMOTpHT Ha BxoAHmero AxaHa, Hexora npoTarnoaeT eMy Asa na.ibua. 3aTO c T oK e6aeBbiM BHKe cpa3y HaxojWT oSuihS h3u k , npHHHMaeT b ero npHcyTCTBHH wHisonncHbie no3bi, ewHTca, Koraa oh ueAyer pyxy. B CBoio oiepeflb h ToKe6aeB pncyeTCH nepeA BHKe. C bhaom rvryfioKoro 3Ha- TOKa HCKyccTBa ycawHBaeTCH oh nepeA KapTHHoS, H.aoGpawaiomeS 6ery- mnx AesymeK b jierKHX xhtohbx h, iioahhb khcth pyx k ivia3aM, paceMaT- pHBaeT KapTHny, xaK b 6nHOKJib. 3aBHaeB BHKe b po30bom x a n aT e , bocxii- meHHO 3aMHpaer Ha MecTe, n e Mower oTopBaTb o KapTHHe ohh TaHuyiOT BaAbc, BHKe — c ynoeiraeM, H KOMHKHO SaHOCfl HOrH. , H3 06pa30B BTOporo nJiaaa -noConuTeH Ou a 3aBeAyK>uiHfi onbrraoB djepMoii Caxan (noMomHHK AxaHa) b HcnoAHeiiHH PaxMeryAAH CaAbMeno- Ba: K0J1X03HUH aKTHBHCT, He 0>ieHb rpaMOTHblfi, HO yBAeneHHblH cbohm fle- AOM, HanOpHCTO 6opiOIHHfiCH 3a HHiepeCU (JiepMM. Oh npne3HtaeT b HucraTyT Ghoaothh ksk pa3 b tot momcht, Koraa raM HAer cnop o AHCcepranHH K a M a m . C a x a H He xoaeT npepbreaTb GeceAU, oh CMymaeTCH, h3bhhhgtch; BHpa3HreAbHbiMH wecraMH. npHKAaAHBaa pyKH k rpyAH, oGMCHfier. «a He GyAy sac 3aAepwHBan>», ho HesaMerHO BOBAeKaer Bcex b pasroBop o $epMe. nepecawHBaacb co cT jv ia Ha cT y a C a x a n AoGh- paeics, HaKOHeu, ao caMoro npcAceAaTMa coBemaHHH, Eaaaobs, h y c n e- BaeT H3AOKHTb eMy CBoe Reno. HMeHHO Caxan noABOAHT noA 00^ 0 ^ 0 koto GapaHa CBoeMy npHHTeAio H3 CJia6oro koaxom K w • P P arpaer CaAbMenoB 3Ty caeay, Ges caob, BHpa3HTeAbHoflMHMHKOHpacKpM Baa ee cmhca. Oh aoato He cor.iamaeTca na yBemeBaiiHH npeACTaBHTeJis

Koaxraa «Kypec», HeaoBoabHO, o3a6oaeHHo pa3raa*HBaa yen, yuow raa., 3a nocMaTpHsaeT Ha Hero. 3aTeM ciientier thcb Ha MHAOCTb. yxpaaxoii no- ranauBaer CaxaH Ha oKHa $epMU, He ckaht hh raw Axax. noxa3biBaer na naabuax: «tojibko oahoto 6apa«a», Bupa3HTeabiio noaMHinBaer npHare- ,uo, rna3aMH nparaauiaer ero hath 3a co<5ofi h THXoHbKO, Ha abinoixax yxo* AHT Ha cKOTHbin flcop 3a GapaiioM. B nbece (Mean Maxa66aiuM» 3aTponyro HecKO-ibKo tcm, h reaip He 06cpa3y pa3o6paaca, xoropaa H3 hhx ocHOBHas. Cnop Meway Axanosi h KaMaui apxapoMepHHoeax, paBHo ksk h caeiibi Ha WHSomoBoaiecxofi (jiepMe, axueHTHpyer b nbece TeMy whbotho- BOACTBa, npofine.My hoboh nopoau emeu. HsieiiHo 3Tofi tcmoh ocofiemo 3a-. mnepecoBa.iHCb HexoTOpbie kphthkh h pyKoiioairreJiH Kynbiypnofi >kh3HH Ka3axcTaHa. H bo Bpeua oficywaeiiHa cnexraxaa b MHHHcrepcree xyabty- 3pu h b ra3eTe «Coi(HajincTHK Ka3axciaB» BucKaauBaaocb MHeme, no re- Ma nbecbi— 6opb6a a HOByio nopoay apxapoMepHHOcoB— Ann Ka3axcTa- na aKTyanbHa h iiywua. OaHaKO Ha m e teua aia 6una pa3BHTa n.ioxo, ihcto aemiapamBHo. 6c3aoKa3aienbH0. Toabxo K3 coiyiicmHa k noaowHTeabHOMy repoio iibecu apHTCAb npHHHMaa na Bepy npaBOTy ero Bbicxa3biBaHHH 06 apxapoHepHHO- cax. HnKaKHX aoKa3aTe.ibcia STOMy cnexiaxab lie iiphboahji, aa h He nor npHBeaH, nocxoabxy ycaoBHH peaniicninecKoro neaTpa He aaiOT bo3mo«- hocth pa3peiuaib Ha cpeHe HayiHbie hah xo3HHCTBeHHbie npofineMbi, BpoAe npeiiMyrnecrea apxapoMepaHocoB nepea apyrHMH nopoaaMH osea. K Tony we, y3xo npaxTHiecxaa TeMa 06 apxapoMepHHoeax cywaeT paMKH TBop 'lecrea, OHa HHTepecHa TonbKO orpaHiweHHOMy Kpyry 3pHteneft, iienocpea- CTBeHHO CBH3aHHblX C WHBOTHOBOACTBOM. BnoJiHe ecrecTBeHHO, hto ana urapoxoro 3pHTeaa ctoahuh HHTepec x cncmKJiK) cocpeaoTOMH.icn lie Ha apxapoMepHHoeax, a Ha Bonpoce 06 or- Kouiemm HayqHbix paficmiHKOB x cbohm HccaeaoBaHHasi, Ha 6opb6e nofipo- coBecTHbix, caMooieepwemibix yieHux c KapbepH3M0M, pynffloS h nepeerpa- xoBujHKaMK b Haywux ynpewaeHHax. 3pmenH lie momh pa3o6pan>ca s cymecTBe Bonpoca 0 xaiecrBe h npeHMymecTBax Tofi kjih apyroS noponu exora, ho 3aro rayfioxo BHitKaan b cyiUHOCTb oTiiomeHHfl AxaHa h KaMaia, EannoBa h Toxe6aeBa, crpeMHJiHCb npaBHJibno pacaeHHBan. hx c town JpeHHH MOpajlH H 3THKH. Ho h 3Ta TeMa b cneKTaicne He ncuiHocrbio pa3peuie«a. yaaiHUMH no- .lyniuiHCb ToabKO carapHiecrae o6pa3u— Bane, Toxe6aeBa, EawoBa, bu- SBnaBHiHC HeaocTaTKn h OTpHaareJibHbie nepra b epeae Haymux pafiowa- kob. Ho hm lie npoTHBonocTaB-ieiiti c raxo® we BbipaaiirwibHOCTbio ofipa3» noaoaux cobctcioix yieHbix, OTaaiomHX Bee cboh chau Be-woMy Aeny co- Maao ofioram/m xa3axcxyio caeHy nocaeaHHe cnexTaxaK coBpeMeffloS TeManiKH, noCTaBaeHHbie AxaaeMHiecxHM rearpoM b ce30He 1955JS6 roAa:, 302

6 6«KyHuiHJiflbiK» («3aBHcn>») AAbxcanapa A nuieBa (oxTn pb 1955) h «Keuie 6MeH yrHH» («Biepa h ceroAHH») — nepcAt’.iKa nbechi «MapaOaft» UlaxMeTa XycaHHOBa (.TexaSpb 1955). 06a cneicraKJiB necxoAbxo cxo ahn no TeMe. O h h paaoSna’-iaioT xapbe- 66pH3M, 33BHCTb K UyjKHM ycnexaM, IipOHCTeKaiOinHG H3 3TOro HHTpnrH. B «Keiue MeH yr«H» baocthuk HHTpnraii EcHpKen crpesiHTCH onopo- 'iHTb qccTiioro pa oTHHKa MapaOax b pacieie 3aHsrrb ero Mecro 3aBeAyio- mero TpecTOM. B nbece «KyuuiuiAAbiK» MeAKHii 3bbhcthhk h xapbepHcr K.e- 6■iHMaii TaioKe iwieTeT HHTpHry npoTHB SHeprauioro, rpyAOAiofiKBoro arpo- HOMa Mepea, nbnaacb npHCBOHTb ce e ero 3ac.iyrnM, B nepBOHaiaabHoU peAaxnijH nbecbi «MapaCafi» Ecupxen b cbohx hh- Tparax onHpaeica Ha cxphiTbix «BparoB Hapoaa*. iiamiona.-iHCTon, 3acea- 6uihx b pyKOBonaiUHx opraHH3anHHX pecnyO.iHKH. Taxaa caiyamia fibi.ia jao- oAHeuHa b 1941 roAy. Ho b 1956 rosy, nocae pa3o6.iaqeHiui Ky.-ibTa ahh- HOCTH H CBH3aHHbIX C HHM HapyilieHHft COBCTCKOH 33X0HH0CTH, HCtOJKeTnbeCbl, h HHTpHrH EcHpKcna Ka3a.incb ycTapeBuiHMH. /IpaMarypr XycaHHOB, h3mciihb Ha3Bamie iibecbi, noBepxnocTHO oraec- 66ca k ee coaepwaiiHio, ue bhcc nywHbix xoppexTHB coo6pa3HO c h3mchhb- meficH cTaHOBKoB. ITosToMy h cnexTaxAb He craa KpynHbiM xyaoHtecTBeii- 6KbiM AocriDKCHHeM ua TBopHecKOM nyra TeaTpa. B nbece «KyHuibuiAUK», xax h o w (ho y AGnmeBa, koik().ihkt 3aBH3u- BaeTca aa npOH3BOflCTBeHiioft ocHOBe, Ha cnope: xyxypy3a hah MHoroAeniHe 6TpaBbl HyXCHbl K0.1X03y? Hau oAee yaaieH.B stom cnexi'axne o6pa3 xapbepHcra KeaHMaiia, imaTeabHo pa3pa6oTanHbift KaMaaoM KapMucoBUM. KeAHMaw Bceraa np«- KpblBaCT CBOK) riOA-lyX) CyiHHOCTb XHtpOii MaCKOft. To OH — AeJIOBHTblii arpo- h o m , BawHO nor.iHAUBaiomHH Boxpyr h caMoyBeperao noTpacaiomHft Tyro iiafiHTbiM nopT^eaeM; to o h — paAyuiHbw xo3hhh, npHBerjiHBO noAAHBaio- 6iuhh bhho rocTSM, c HaurpamibiM AofipoAyaine.M npoii3HocnmnH toct. ITo- KpoBHTejibcTBeHiio H c BHAy Ao poxceAaTeAbHo othochtch oh k Mepeio, non KOToporo BeaeT noAxon. Kan flro, iiauienTbiBaeT o h aAhie ch.tcthh cexpera- pio pafiKOMa h casaht HcnoA™uiKa, xax BocnpHHHMaioTCH ero caoBa. 63aBHCTb h 3-TonbixaTeabCTBo KejiiMaiia oco eiiHO fipxo BupaxceHbi b ero MOHoaore bo BTopo.M axre, Ha kojixo3h o m none. flpocnio naSpacu- BaeTCH KeAHMaH Ha B3paiueHHyio Mepeea xyxypy3y, xax Ha ahihoto Bpa- ra, b cepAuax .70Maer ee, kophhtch or m o c t h . Pexb ero nepexoAHT to b KpHK, TO B HlonOT; pOT KpHBHTCH, COUiypeHHbie Ma33 BnHBaiOTCH B 3pHTeJ1b- Hhifi 3aA, m e eniy, BepoaTHO, eyAHTCs Mepeii, Moiiomr conpoBoxtAaeTcsi My3WKO0, HTO BHOCHTOTTeHOK pOMaHTHKH B peaAHCTHHeCKHH CTOXTaXAb H H6- cxoAbxo npHfi.THjxaeT Ke-THMana x o6pa3y fapnaroHa b «CxynoM». MeHee yOeflHTeAbiibiM oxa3avicH b cnexTaxJie ueHTpaAbHufi noAOWH- TCAbHbiS o6pa3 Mepen. HypMyxaH JKaxrypHH noAiepxHyA b Mepee oahv nepTy — caMoyBepeHHOCTb, cnoxofiHoe C03H3HHe CBOeft npaBoru, xoropoe

nepexoairr iiHoraa bBiicoKOMepae, caMoa»6o8aHHe, b HeCpewHO-CHaciOAH- TwibHoeoniomeKHe konpyaaiofflHM,lwiKaer HcnoaHHTeaaHa natjiochaes- aaMamno. B o6pameHHHc KarauaHOM Mepe# c caMoro Haaaaa npaHHMaer npC3pHTMbHO-KpOHHieCKIlS TOH, X0T9 KTOMy H6T eme HHKaKHX0CH0B3HHfi; noarowy apracry yxe Heiero H3MCHHTb b hx OTaoineHRax, aoraa nowue HHTpHTH KwiHSiaiia paCKpblBBIOTCH. HirrepecHu b cnexiamre xeacKae o6pa3H, oTreHaBoime o6pa3n rm- hkx repoes: TpH cecrpti, aoaepa Koaxo3Haim Kaaanu. CTapuiaa H3 ceciep— CaaKua — weua KejiaMaHa, qecroaio6HBaa a waaaaa; cma yaacTByer bo Bcex tbmhux aeaax My*a, Maao roro— Ttuixaei ero aa HOBue aarpara. Mctkhmb npaeMaMa carapu paciiBeaaBacT stot o6pa3 Uloanaa ^Can- aapfieKOBa. H3auuiaa, ho H3.ioMaHHan, c naacTHWHMa ABaateHaaMH, or- craBaeHHbiM b cropoHy MH3HHueM, weMaaao pa3roBapHBaer oaa c rocrawH, nocuaaa hm caamaBue yauGra. C Ce33aCoiHO-3aay.'HHobiM bhaom, cao- whb ryGu 63hthkom, noKaaaBaeTCa Caaioia aa ciyae aa cropoHH b cropo- av, KaK Gyaro iihito ee ae BOJiHyCT. Ho bot KeaaniaH Bcrynaer b aeaoByio Geceay c ceaperapeM paSKOMa, a CaaKua xaaao caeaHT 3a hhmh: aaoraa noaaer 3aaa Myaty, anoraa GpocaeT Ha aero npcioHTeabHHfi, 3aoB B3ram. Oaera CaAKua apao a BbrauBaiome: to necTpua xaaar, to meaxoiaa naxaiaa. BneuiHocrbio CBoefl oaa 0'ieHb aopoxaT. Koraa Myat ueayer ee b ao6, oHa TyT ate nonpaBaaeT c6hthc aokohh... CoBCeM HHOiS xapanrep y cpeaneii aoiepa Kaaany — flawem, ltoro- pyio arpaer BHxeH PaMOBa; npocroayuiHaa, npaMaa, 6e3hicKyccrBemasi, OHa ne cnoco6Ha aa aa o6MaH, hh Ha xHTpoctb. y Hee pe3Kae, HeMHoroyr- aoBaiiie aBaateHHa, Ma.ib'iimiecKae 3aMaaiKH, rpySoBaiaa, c 3amraKann peab. Boaocu raaaKO 3aaecaHH h coGpaHbi b aocy. OHa yBaeKaerca $a3- KyabTypofl, h na*e aa noae He 3a6nBaeT 06 yTpeHHeB sapaare. ilaMeui BuaiAa 3a.viy)« 3a paaoBoro Koaxo3HHKa a acKpeHHe aioGht era, aecMoipa aa ynpera MaTepa, MeiTaBrneS 0 Hfeaaxe-OTBercTBeHHOM paGoraaKe. T peiba cecTpa— Ha3ryab— xapaKrepH30BaHa b cneKTame npeaMy- wecTBeaHO Kaa aKTHBHaa ofiiuecTBeniiHua. O aa — coTpyaHHK MecmoB ra3e- ™ . 0'ieHb npHBuanaaabHa b CBoeB paGoTe, He noAaaexca Ha yroiiopu cen- peiapa paflKOMa, KOTopufi noMepHcnsaer HHipara KeaaM aaa. 3 ro oaa nep- Baa pacKpusaeT no aaocra KeaaMaHa a bhboaht ero Ha aacryio BOjy. B HcnOAHeraa 3a«3aryab IIIapanoBoS Ha3ryjib —uBeryuiaa, seceaaa AeByuiKa, noAHaa chau h 3aepraa. PeuMieabiia h nenpaMapaMa oaa b craiKax c KeaaMaHOM h CBoefl cTapmeii cecrpoB. MeHee Bbipa3HrMl>Ha Ha3ryab-UIapanoBa b ahphtcckhx cueaax c MepeeM. 3aecb hh aBTop, m peataccep He nouiaa aaabuie npHimniBaoro a aoBoabHo-Taxa ma6.ioHKoro KOKererea Moaoflux BaroGaenaux. Xora OTAeabHbie o6pa3bi nbecu «KyHmuaAUK» a noayaaaacb yaafflU- -304

mh, oflHaico b uejioM cneKTamib no CBoeMy 3Haiemno He Bbiinea 3a npeae- Jiu oflHoaiieBHo# arniKH Ha 3ao6oAHeBHyio TeMy. C uhiukom MeJiKa ero oc- HOBHaR 3aBH3Ka — cnop o KyKypy3e. Hcxoah H3 SToro cnopa, apaMatypr h TeaTp He Moran noAHHTb reMy 3aBHCTH, KapbepR3Ma no KpynHux o6o6ineHH8. HecMOTpR Ha see CTapaHna oGiuecTBeHnocra Ka3axcTaua, HecMOTpa Ha HCKpeHHee crpeMaeiine iiaiuioiiaabHiJx ApaiuaTyprOB h caMoro Teaipa co3- AaTb BbicoKoxyaojKecTBeHHbie, HAeflHO noAHOueRHue nbeebi h cneKTaiuiH coBpeMeHHOfi coBeTCKofi TeMaTHKH, 3aflaia ara ao chx nop He pa3pemeRa. HcqepnbiBaramee oSbacHeHHe arofi HeyAaRH CTaao bo3mtokhuim ToabKo nocae XX CT.e3Aa napTHH, h ocoGciiho nocae onyCanKOBaHHa nocTaHOBae- hhh UK KnCC ot 30 hiohh 1956 roAa o npeoAoaeHHH xyabra akhrocth h ero nocaeACTBHH. ripHHHHbi HeyAaa Ka3axcKoro, KaK h Bcero coBeicKoro TeaTpa b o6- JiaCTH COBpeMeHHOfi TeMaTHKH, CJieayeT HCKaTb B OTpHUaTe.lbHOM BaHRHHH KyabTa armhocth Ha pa3BHTHe coBercKofl KyabTypw Tex aeT. ripeKaoHeHHe nepeA aBTopHTeTOM h npoHCTeKaBoiaa OTCioaa aTMOCiJiepa AorM3TH3Ma h HaqeTHHqecTBa CKOBbiBaan TBopqecTBO ApaMaTyproB, aauiaaH HX B03M0JKH0CTH CaMOCTOHTeAbHO BblABHraTb H pa3peiUaTb HOBble TeMbi. BMecrro H3yqeHHR xcH3HH h rayfioKoro ocMbicaeiiHa HBaeRRA achctbh- 0TeabHoeTH ApaMaTypra orpaHH'iHBaancb b nbeeax HaaiocrpauHeii paHee BbiCKa3aHHbix no.io>KeiiH , lacTO npocTo 33HMCTBOBaHHbix H3 m enioS ne- peAOBHHH. B y ro A y roTOBMM MHeHRRM h oueHKaM ohh aaKHpoBaaR, npHynpanm- naaH AOHCTBHreabHOCTb, aaKpuBa.m raa3a ua TeHesbie cropOHU coueTCKoft 3KH3HH, H T3KHM nyTCM npHUIAH K 6eCKOH(J>aHKTHOCTH. ribecH 3Toro nepHOAa CKoab3RT no noBepxHocrH, He 3aTparaBaa ray- Ookkx, BoanyioiHHx oCmecTBO BonpocoB 6brra, sthkh, Mopaan. O hh Tpyc- J1HB0 npOXOAHT MHMO THIIHIHbtX AAH COBeTCKOft WH3HH HBaeHHH, fiOHCb nOA\" HHTb KaKOH-HH6yAb Bonpoc, eme He oObHCHenHbift b neqaTH. Ohh He AatoT KpynHbix, HHTepecHbix aah HcnoaHineaefi h apHTeaa o6pa30B nepeAOBoro co- BCTCKoro qeaoBeKa, cnocoCHoro Ha Boabuine mucah h Aeaa. B nbeeax stoto nepaoAa AefidsyiomHe anna, Aawe caMhie nepeAOBue, He BbicKa3biBaioT cBeJKHx HAefi, He BuxoAST 3a npeAeau h3Chtux hcthh. Mx Kpyro3op y30K, HHiepecu orpaHHieHU. Bunoaiiemie xo3HHCTBeKHoro naana Ha« noayqcHHoro 3ajiQHUH— dot, b 6oabniHHCTBe cayiaeB, noToaox hx AORTeabHOCTH. TaKHe CeAHbie no BHyTpeHHeMy MHpy nepcoHa*H 6tuiu noaowHTeabHbiMH reposMH nbec,M. PeiueHHH XX ci>e3Aa napum h nocTaHOBaeHHe o npeoAoaeHHH xyabTa aHRHOCTH OTKpbUIH COBeTCKOMy HCKyCCTBy UlHpOKHe B03M0WH0CTH A-1H yCT- paHeHHH nepeiHcaeHHhix HeAOCTaTKOB, o6ecnemian 6oabiuofi npocrop anq- Hofl HHHIUiaTHBe, SaMbICaaM TBOpqeCKHX pafiOTHHKOB. IllHpoKHfl nyn> k hobum TBopqecKHM aocthhcchhum orepbiBaeTCH h ne-

pea na3axcKofi apaMaTypraeft, Ka3axcKHM rearpoM. Ho Hcropira p asn m n te a ip a nocne XX cic3 aa n a p ™ y x e buxoaht 3a npeaeau aaHHoi nan. 6IIocTaHOBJieHna U K BKn( ) 1946 roja no HAeonomecioiM Bonpo- caM jiHKBHAMpoBa.iH nepenid b cropony aciopanecKoS h (jxwibttAopHoSre- MaTHKH, iiaOjiioflaBmHSc!i b roflbi BOHHbi bo MHomx HaoHOHanbHMx Tearpax. PyxoBoacTByncb yKa3anHnMH sthx nocTanoBAemiii, o6meciBeHH0CTb Ka3axCTaHa coaaa hcoCxoahmum BHHMaTMbHO npoaHaAH3HpoBaib padoiy HcropHKOB, AHTepaiypoBenoB, nHcaiwieA, npaMaTyproB b ocBemcHHn npoui- noro CTpanu, CTporo ocynHB aonymeHHbie hmh oihhOkh 6yp*ya3iio-Haiuio- nanHCTHiecKoro xapaicrepa. 6B onpocu HCTOpHH Ka3axcTaHa jeSaTHpoBa.mcb b nenara, na coBema- iihbx pa oTHHKOB HayKH a ncKyccTBa, Ha napTH0Hbix KOH^cpennnnx n name na cbe3Aax. rieiaTajiHCb e r a ™ , npoBoannacb ao k m a u ,npiinimaAHCb pe- 6 6330J1iouhh npoTHB HAoa.in3auHH (peonanbHoronponuioro b HcropHiecKoflHay- Ke, b AHTeparype, jimepaTypoBeneHnn n TeaTpe, rnna opb a a oamneaHe naponHoro anoca h napoAiioS noa3nn ot $eoAaobHO-6a0CKnx a nanHoaa- 6 66ahcth'iockhx HacAoeHHfl. BawiibiM aranoM aroR opb n bwa era™ b allpaBAO «3a MapKcii- 6 6 3CTCKo-neHHHCKoe ocBemeHiie bohpocob bctophh Ka3axcraHa», noOTHBinaac* 26 neKaSpa 1950 rona, pa3o6jianaBiuaa ouih kh b rpaxTOBKe HCTopaaecm co6uth0. O tbctom na aiy ciarao fibiao peinenne U K Kn( ) Ka axcrasa «0 CTaTbeb ra3ere«IlpaBfla»<3a mapKCHCTCKo-jieHHHCKoeocBeuieHnesonpo- cob HCTopna Ka3axcrana», ony&mKOBaiiHoe 19 anpena 1951 roaa b «Ka3ax- ciancKoS npaBAe*. 6K aTOMy we Bonpocy Bepayncn b nenafipe 1951 rona V nan Kn( ) Ka3axcTaHa, bkakj'jhbiijhA b pe3omonnH TpefioBaHae nprasTb Mepu k bh- npaBABHHio ornndoK 6ypxya3HO-HanaoHanHCTH'iecKoro xapamepa b ncropH- necKofl Haync,AHTepaiype n ncKycciBe. yKa3aim ue nocraHOB-iCHiiB hmcjib HenocpejKTBeHHoe oraonieHae K pa- Core Ka3axcKoro T eaipa b ofijiacra acropanecKoR a ^onbKAopaoR te a am- kh. H 3 cneKTawieS aro ro naioia, nociaBnemiux b ro n u bohhn, HeKoropwe dbina CHHTbi cpa3y x e nocne nocTaiiOBAeima 0 penepiyape ApaManwecKHX TeaipoB («KoBep JKoM apia*); npyrae («AxaH-cepa —Aktoktw, «Kod- aaHAbi*, «Ehahk — Ke6eK>) nocieneHHO cornna co enem a. K BKmoneRHio 8 penepiyap hobhix m>ec acTopanecKoro coAepxaHan Ka3axcKHfi rearp otho- chach c CoAbnioB, n a x e qpe3MepH0R ocropoxHOCTbio, 6oncb oidhSok. 3a necsTb nocAeBoeaabix ce30H0B— ao 1956 roaa — Tearp H3 hctoph- aecKHx nenTenefi npomnoro «nonycTHJi» Ha cboio cneny toabko AByx— A6aa 6h AMaareAbnbi, Koropue a paHbuie yxe nosBAHAacb aa cneHe, nonyaanH noAHoe npn3HaaHe o mecTBeHHocni a He motah B03dyAHTb hhhkhx coMue- 306

TeaTp He npoaBHJi hhhuh3thbu b jpaMaTypraieCKofl pa3pa60TKe apy- THX 3ae.iy>KHBai01UHX BHHMaHHH nepHOAOB HCTOpHH K33aXCK0r0 napoaa, He CTpeMHJiCH noKa3aTb Ha cueHe apyrax iiapoAHbix repoeB turn KpynHbix ne- peaoBbix aeHTeJieR HamioHa/ibHoft KyjibTypbi. C ocTopojKHOCTtio nonoiuen TeaTp h k paOoTe Ha« TeMoii 06 A G ae. O h 0TKa3a a c H ot B03o6noB,ieHHH hjih nepeae-iK H n b e c u M . Ay330B a h J I . C oGo - 3aeBa « A 6a fi» , nocTaBJieimoft eme b 1940 rosy, KOTOpaa Bbi na.ia 3aMeaaHHH KpHTHKOB no puny HCTOpHHeCKHX HeTOBHOCTeH. T e a T p n p e n n o q e n B3HTb b ocH o sy nocTanoBKH poM au M . A ya30B a, c o - B epraeH H o He pacciH T aH H bift Ha c u em q e cK o e BOiuiomeHHe. H o stot poMaH Gun BbicoK o oueiceH Bcefi coBeTcuoft oG inecTBenHocrbio n a x jiHTepaTypHOe npoH3BeACHHe h noTOMy c n y w a ji cneicraiuiio xopouieii 3auuiTofi ot H ananoK KpHTHKH. CneiiHiecKaa Kowno3HUHa n o poMaHy G bw a BbmoAHCHa rjiaBHMM pe- w H ccepoM A K aaeM H iecK oro TeaTpa IlIaKenoM ABManoBHM coBM ecrao c xy- AOJKecTBeHHHM pyKOBoaHTeneM pyccK oro TeaTpa H . C . UlTeftHOM, a a w e 6e s vaacTHH caM oro aBTopa — M . Ays30Ba. B HHCUCHHpOBKy BOIHJIH KBpTHHU H3 nepBOfi H BTOpOft 'WCTH pOMaiia, o xB aTU B aioniH e 3Ham iTejibHH ft ncpHOfl h;h3 hh A 6a a — c p a m e f t k>hocth no,' 3 p e n o r o B 03pacT a, p H c y io u w e e ro rnaBHHM o6pa30M n a n n e penoB oro 06- inecTB G H noro n e a T e a a , B p a ra ^eonajibH N X T pa/uniH ft, n p y r a h 3aiuHTHHKa. ym eieH H bix, o6e3noJieHHbix. HncueHHpoBKa oxBaTbiBaaa ueayio snoxy, aa- B aJia ra n p o x y io KapTHHy w im h h K a3 ax ato fl c ren H , apKHe momchth OopbGbi H a p o a a npOTHB y rn eT aT en eft. Ho e an n o fi jihhhh aeficTBHa n p n TanoM n o c t- poeiiH H He n o a y iH .io c b . 3 to G buia npaM aTH aecK aa xpoHHKa, CTpaAarom .au neCTpOTOS H pa3pO3HeHH0CTblO 3nH30A0B. K aK H OCblMHO B noflofinbix HCTOpHHeCKHX XpOHHKaX, B CneKTaK-ie nOHB- JlHJIOCb H3.THUIHe MHOTO flefiCTByiOIHHX /WU. Ilo GojIbUiefi 'ISCTH OHH GbUll (JiparMeHTapHU, yqacTBOBajm b OAHOM-AByx 3nH3oaax, a noTOMy He Bbiae- .iHJiHCb H3 oGweft Maccbi. To.ibKo HecKOjibKo o6pa30B, npoxoaauiHx bmcctc-' c AGaeM >iepe3 bcio nbecy, noay'iHAn Goaee mnpoKoe pa3BHTHe h Gjiaroaa- pa TaJiaHTJiHBOMy HcnoAHeHHK) apTHCTOB AKaAeMHHecKoro TeaTpa Aocnirjirf 3H3qHTeJIbHOft Bbipa3HTeabH0CTH. Ha HHX H COCpeAOTOHHACH HHTepeC 3PH-1 TejiH101. Cpenn 3THX o6pa30B Ha nepBOM naane — OTen A G aa KyuaHGafl — Kpyny Hbifi <J>eoAa.i, cTapuiHHa poaa ToGu k t u , onaoT (jieonaabHoft peaKiuw. O npeneabHoa yGefliiTeabHocTbio HrpaeT 9Ty ponb K a m iG en KyaHbiuinaeB. r C c a n to ro B a n an a n b e c u 3pHTenb bhaht e r o cypOBUM, M pa'm uM , ask bh uih m BCHKyio p a flo e rb , CBoGoAHoe q&uoBeqecKoe qyecTBo. A 6aA, ixyibKO cbok> jnoGoBb k MaiepH, GpocHTbCH eft Ha uieio; CTporafl biia oroa 3aMopas 6KHBaeT e r o qyBCTBO. y KyHaHGan aeAHoe, GecxpoBHoe ahuo, THacenue, pe3K o orroqeHHue 30?

MepTU AHua, nJioTKO cwarae ryBhi. Oahh nu3 3aKpuT, flpyroA ocrpo boh- 3aeics b cofiecejHHKa, CBepJMT efo Kan BypaBiHK. /Ibhacchhh ero citymi h ncTopon.iHBbi. Miioraa oh noAoary 3acruBaer b oahoA no3e, rjiy6oKo no- ipy*eHHHA b pa3AyMbe. P«A Kaprmi noKa3HBaer xo3HiiHniaabe KyHaHBaa b ctciih, npaiecHe- hhc (kuiee cjia6ux h 6eAHhix poaob. KyHan6aA AofiHBaeTca kb3HH 6eAHsnia KoAapa, HapyuiHBuiero hko6u poAOBue oBhraa. Oh B03Bea Ha Konapa ae- cnpaBCAJiHBue o6anneiwa, paswer k HeMy HeHaBHCrb roanu, woBa xerae Cano 3aBaaAeTb naciCHiitauH poAa, k KOTopoMy npiiHajweiKHT KoAap. Ky- iiaHOaH npHcyrcreyer np« k33Hh, TopAeamio BHnpaMHBmHcb, ynepeB nan- qy b 6ok, ctoht oh Ha 803BUweHiioA nnomaAice, He ofipamaa BHHM3HH8Ha oKpywaiouwx. B3raaA ero ycTpeMaeH ayAa-TO b npocrpawcTBO, Kan 6yjro oh h He 3aMeiaeT Konapa, Koroporo BeAVT Ha Ka3Hb. Be3 MaaeAmeA ata- jiocth KyHaiiBaA cmoipht na crpaAaraa ocy»AeHHoro. Ero He Myqaior yr- pbi3enna cobccth. HtoBh yxpenHTb cboio saactb, yMHoxcHTb Boraiereo cbo- ero poAa, oh totob hoAth Ha yBhActbo, Ha npeciynaeme. KyHanSaA no-cBoeMy ak>6ht Afiaa, ueHHT era yM h AapoBHTOCTb, orop- qeH ero otxoaom o r crap u x TpaAHwiA. H o oBpauiaeTca KyHaH6aA c chhom xoaoaho, cypoBO, 6e3 aacra. M paaiio oTBepHyBwacb, raaaa b cropoHy, bh- cayuiHBaer oh orna3 A8aa cratb boaocthhm ynpaBHTeaeM. KorAa A6a3 6pocaeTca k omy, qro6bi noMoab etay noAHHTbca c KOBpa, ror crporHM wecTOM onsepraer nowomb, c TpyAOM, raxeao noAHHMaerca caM. CnaCeior chau crapHKa. H o BeuienbiA HpaB ero no-npejtaieMy npopH- Baerca n a p y x y , Koraa oh Bpocaeica AyuiHTb ceoero sn y ra , BumeAiuero H3 noaHiioBeHHa. ToabKo BMemareabCTBo A6a a cn ac a er Hecqacraoro lOHOiny. B o6pa3e KyHaHBaa— ksk ero curpaa KyaiibimnaeB— cocpeAoroqwi- pa eecb odht learpa b ofipncoBKe <j>eOAanbiioro BaacrHieaa, c ero HenOMep- hoA aaqHOCTbio, c ero BaacToaioBaeM, ne TepnauiBn npoTiiBopeiKK, c ero 6.ecnoiuaAHOcrbio no oTHomeHHio k npoTHBmngr. 3a ciihhoA KyHaHBaa u t 6ymo croaaH h EcneMfieT H3 sEhjihk — Ke6eK», h )KaHiHp-xaH H3 «Hca- TaA— MaxaM6eT», h xa3per Hayaa H3 «AxaH-cep3>, ho noAHarae eme Ha 6onee Baconyio CTyneiib xyAOweciBemioro o6o6meHHa. CpeAH npHcneuiHHKOB h cnyTHHKOB KywanBaa HaaBoaee apxo ovepieH CaA MaABacap b HcnoaHeHHH Cepxe KowawfynoBa. TeKcr aroA pojih He- neaHR, 3HaqHTeabHocib o6pa3y npHAaa eaM anrep TaaaHT.iHBoS, H3o6pera- TeabHoA nrpoA, HrpoauMH AeranaMH, Koropae noMorrm pacaputb oBpa3 aroro noAxaAHMa h npHxne6aTena. MaABacap — HenonepHO tojictuA <j>eoAaa-6Hfi. y Hero rpyBoe, sanam- uiee w«poM akqo c KpacHUM hocom h rycToA qepHoA BopoAoA. Xarpo no- CjiecKHBaior npmuypeHHbie, y3KHe rnaaKH. K an BepHaa co6ana, oh m m b ra a s a KyHaH6aa, c rap aerca yraAarb KaxAoe ero xcenaHHe, nonaer eay KaaouiH, yroAAHBO, c pacronbipeHHbiiiH pyxaMH Bpocaeica sunoAHan ero 308

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6 3t o — flapKeM aeH h ero Apy bHMH; ncmiTeAbHo-CAepwaH Afiaft no otho- uieHHio k omy, xoia h He noAiHHaeTCH ero Bone; rHeentiM ofi.iHiHTeneM BbicTynaer oh b cruMKax co CTenHbiMH ynpaBHTMBMH, He CTecHaerca npH- KpHKHyTh Ha Koro-imfiyAb H3 hhx hah Bbipearb H3 pyx KHyT h fipocHTb Ha 3eMAK>. OcoSeHHo xopouio nepeflamj B3aHMooTnouieHna A6aa co BceMH oxpy- acaiomHMH b cueHe BToporo aicra, rue KyiraHfiaS, peniHB yaajiHTbca or aca, ornpaBJiaeTca b naAOMHHnecTBO b CBSuieHHhift ropoA MycynbMaH — Mexxy. nporaaacb c poflCTBeHHHKaMn, KyHaH6aft AepwHT ce6a TOpwecTaeHHo, Be- AHMecTBCHHO; eMy xoneica fiAaroaemia b momcht BMe3fla k cbhthm MecTaM. Top*ecTBenHOCTb MOMeirra, TarocTb pa3Ayxn noAiepKHsaiOT oxpywaiomHe, 3ocoSeHHO Maftfiacap, xoTopufl nbeT cae3y, BcxAiinuBaeT, nenaaerca a Ky- waHCaa, XBaTaeT nony ero xanaia h (SaaroroBefiiio npHHJiaabiBaer k jthiiv. Ho Bee Rnaroneime paspymeHo noaeacHHeM CeAHswa flapKeMfiaa, npHiuea- raero coBcew He b nopy c TpefioBaHneM BepHyTb OToSpainiue y Koaapa naer- <)Hma ero nAeMHHHHKy* npHBbIKlIIHH K 6e3pOnOTHOMy nOBHHOBeHHtO BAaCTH- TCJib B36emen, He MOweT cAepwara ce6a. Macxa cbhtocth caeTaeT c Hero. y*e caenaB HecxOAbxo uiaros x ABepHM, KyHaHfiafi ocraHaBAHBaeTCa Ha AecTHHue, orAHAUBaerca Ha /IapxeMfiaa b apocrooM reeBe, coBceM He noA- xoAHiueM AJin cMHpeHHoro naAOMHima no cbhthm MecTaM. 6Bbi3UBaiome cmotpht flapxeM afl Ha BcecHAbHoro Hexoraa npaBHTeAa 6<rrenn: OTTaAKHaaeT noAcrynaBinero x HeMy Mafi acapa, pa3pa*aeTca crpactHoft o6AHBHTeAbHo3 peibK) h yrp03auH no hx aapecy. Sroro He mo- ryT BbiaepacaTb npHcneiuHHXH KyHaafiaa. Hacrynaa co bcbx cropoH, ohh XBaTaioT flapxcMfiaa 3a ropao. XoAaraio CeAHaxoB npHumocb 6u nAOXo, no y Hero HaxoAHTCH CHAbHbifl saiaHTHHK, A6afl, Cpocaxmiafica eMy Ha bbi- pyuxy. A6aft 0T6pachreaer nopawemiux ero CMeAocrbK) HacBAbHHKOB, co- MyBcrBeHHO rAaAHT flapxeMSast no cnHHe, AacxoBO oSpamaeica x HeMy. KyHaiiSaS totob B3rji«aou HcneneAHTb ocAyuiHHxa. Oh ayBCTByer, hto f, 3tot MHr oxoH'iaTeAbHo pymHTCa ero aBiopHTer b crenH, ho Bee we cAep- 6wHBaeT ce6a, hh CAOBa He roeopHT A aw. 6 6rio nTofl cofiaxoft Buaiamr Maftfiacap, rpycoBaTO CTopoHHrca A aa, 6xax THrpa, h pacrepaHHO npHroeapaBaeT: «Afi, aft.A afi...». K xoHuy cnexTaxAH 3pHTeAb Bee toibuie mo6m h yBawaA A6aH, sto- ro npocBeTHTCAa-AeMoxpaTa c uiHpoxoft Ayrnoft, xpenxo cusiaHHoro c na- poAOM, oTAatomero bcio cboki wH3HbAeAy npocBemeHHa, 6opb6e aa HapoAHoe cnacTbe. 6CeH3b AOan c pyeexoft xyAurypoft fiuna noxa3ana b cnexraxAe rAaB- hum ofipa30M cueHofi BcrpeHH A as c pyccxHM peBOAiouHOHepoM-AeMOKpa- tom MHxaftnoBbiM, nocAeAOBareAeM WepHumeacKoro, coca8Hhum_ b Ka3ax- craH. PoAb MHxaftAOBa HCnoAHHA KaAxeHAamabahhob, cyMeBuinfi npxo bh- HBHTbyM MHxaftAOBa, ero 6AaropOACTBO, Hcxpemiee coqyucrBHe ACaro. Ho ara cueiia, 6e3AeHCTBeHHanh pa3roBopnaa, HeAOCTaToiHomupoxopacxpuBa- 311

jia ieMy 6opb6u A6aa 3a cfoKweme Ka3axcxoro Hapoaa c pyccxofi xyjft- Typofl. CxyAHO BUHBJI6HO 6hjio b cnexTaxae nosTHiecKoe TBopaecrBO A6aa, bHe pacKpbuo ero sHaieHHe Kan nosia, K0Mn03Hropa, oxa3aBmero orpoMHD* BaaaHHe Ha pa3BHiHe aaiepaiypu HCKyccrea b Kaaaxcraiie. He cobM» noiomio, 3aaeMBoejeHb HucneHHpoBxysroraoa BcrpeiHA6aa c HapoAHMi aKtiHOM BapwaH-caaoM, HcnoAHaioiQHM HecKOJibKO cbohx necea. 06paJ EnpwaHa HHTepeceHcaMno cefie, hob stoS nbece ohjihuihhh. JlHiiib b caMOM KOHue cneKTawiH BCTaeT Bonpoc o noarmecKOM TB«p- HecrBe A6an, o nonynapHOCTH ero b napoae. Ilpoweicrop oray 3a apyfoS BbixBaTwsaer H3 TbMH rpynnbi jnoaeft —raKouieS h B3pocnbix, MyjxaHHi weH®HH, paccaaceHHMXb XHBoracHbix no3ax h nowinnx, Hexoropiaec jovS* pofi b pyxax, necHH A6aa, Ho t3khx «$HHaabHbix Haruit)BOB», xax HaA* JIHC3MHaBTOpbl 3TH3nH30Abi, HBHOHeAOCTaTOHHOflJIHOSpHCOBKHIlOStt- aecxoro TBopiecTBa A6aa b lkjiom, b hhx innero He cxa3aHo, xoraa, npa KaKHXoficTOHTeabCTBax, 3aaeMco3jaHu A6aeM ero cthxh h necHH. CBH3bK> Mexiay OTAeJlbHbCMH pa3p03HeHHMMH 9DH30AaMH nbecH ciy- waT xycKH poMasa, iicnoaHaeMue «or aBTopa» cnennajibHUM iTenoM. C 6aibUII!M AOCTOHHCTBOMH BH)’TpeHHeS CBOfiOAOHBhinMHHJI B CMS- TaKAe (jiyuKUHio arena caH nocTauoBiuHKIlIaxeH ASsiaHOB, ...3aKpbiBaeTca 3aHaBec nocne oaepeAiiofl Kapraiiu. Jlya npowexropa nepefipacbiBaerca b ciopoHy h ocBemaer Ha cneHe He6oabiiiofi ctm, 3a »o- ropuM b 3aAy.M4HB0fi no3e chaht wen c pa3BepHyrofi KHHroi b pytti. AflMaHOBHe aiiTaer Texcr, cnopee oh BcnoMHaaeT o KaxHX-TOAasuo npo- ineAHlHXCOOblTHHX, CBHAeTCJleMKOTOpbIXOH6bUI, paccKa3UBaer 0 HHX3pn- 3Teax), AeJiHTCa cbohmh coxpoBeHHbiMii MbicjiHMH. Peib ero nbercs cnoKoS- ho, 3aAyuieBKo, npoHHKHOBeHiio, a kswaum cjtobom lyBCTByera mania Mbic-ib. H caMKcnoAHHTeAbAepKHTCs cnoxofa), HenpHHyjKAeHHO. HBOfAB, xax 6u B3Bo-iH0BaHHbifi BOcnoMHHaHHBMH, oh BCraeT, noAxoAHTx cepejHHe aBaHcneHu, ropaao o6pamaeTca x 3pHT&aio, noroM, saAyMaBiuHCb, oixoahT b cropoHy, caAHica b xpecao Ha Apyroii cropoHe cuchu. yaanHo BbinoAHHjia (pyHKiwH wena Taxate XaAHma ByxeeBa, noaaaafr tman rexcT ciporo, cnoxotao, h BMecre c ten co cxparruM ApawamMOH BHyTpeHHefi SMOAHOHMbHOCTblO. XyAOjKHHxy Tearpa B. B. rojiy6oBHiy b btom cnem-axae Aocraaacfc cJioatHaa 3aaa'ia: oipopMHrb 25 3hh3oaobTax, aiofibi cmeHa Aexopanafi ae 3aTaHyaa AeficiBHa, He pacxoaoAHJia 3pHTeJia. C srofl 3anaieii xvaokhhe cnpaBHAca, orpamTOB cneHy 3aHaBecoMh o6o3iiaxaH niecra AeSciBHa ae- MHontMH AaxoHHHHtJMH, ho xopouio noAoSpanHhiMH AeiaAHMH, aerxo CBte- HSBiiiHMHca Ha BpauiaioiueMcs xpyre. KapraHu Sucrpo cneAOBajiHoARasa ApyroS, b to. ate BpeMa AexopanHH yaaiHO nepeAaBaaa xapaxrep snoxa, CBoeo6pa3HecrenHux nefi3a»tea h 6bira. HecMOTpa Ha pa36pocaHHOcrb AeficiBHa, Ha 3nH30AHHH0crb h He3axoH-

leHHocrb CK>*enmx ahhhS, cneKTaKAb npoH3BOAHA Ha 3pirreAH Sojibuioe BneHaweHHe. BocnpHHrae ero ofiAeriaAocb ren, qro (JoAbUHHCTBOspHTeaeft npenpacKo 3Haao poMaH Av330Ba h mhcachho aodoahhao HeflocTawmae sBeHba cwwera. Ha BucoKyio xyAOxtecTBeHHjTo eryneiib noAHHMajia cneKTawib npexpac- Haa Hrpa ochobhhx HcnoJiHHTeaefi. 3a yiacrwe b co3A3Hhh cneKTaK.ia 6uah yAocroeiibi Cra^HHCKoB npeMHH b 1952 roay pexcnccep UlaKeH AiiMaHOB, apTHCTbi KaHHOex KyaraimnaeB, Cepice KowaMKyjiOB, EAio6aft yMyp3aKOB, KanaH BaflbipoB, Paxaa Kofl'iyCaeBa, XaAHiua ByxeeBa, xyaowmiK B. Io- AyfiOBHH. Hapnay c AfiaeM bhhmbhhc TeaTpa no-npewHCMy npHBJieKaa k ce6e AMaHrejibAH, AioOHMbifi HapoAOM repoii rpawAaHCKofi boShbi b Ka3axcTa- ue. EMy b paccMaTpHBaeMHS nepHOA nocBumeHo ABe nbecu: nepaaa — «AMaHreiibAU» lllaxMera XycaHHOBa —6wia nociaBACHa b Mae 1945 roAa, KaK pa3 B MOMeHT OKOHiaKHH BO0Hbl, BTOpafl — «AMaHTeAbAhl» TaSHTa MycpenoBa — b HHBape 1952 roAa. Tlbcca XycaHHOBa npoAep*aaacb Ha cueHe HeaoAro. npHimiofi sroro 6bl,la nOBepXHOCTHaH TpaKTOBKa HCTOpH>ieCKHX COflblTHH. AbTOP HOAHHA B m>ece paa cymecTBeHHbix, HHiepecHbix npoSaew, HanpHMCp, o cb»3h xa3ax- CKoro HapoAHoro BoccTaHHB 1916 roAa c o6ihhm peBo.iiouHoiiiibiM abhjkc- HH6MB POCCHH, 0 pOAII HHTeAAHreHUHH B TOTHCTOpHHeCKHH HepiIOA, 0 pOCTe CO3HaTCAbH0CTH Ka33XCKOfi JKeMAHHbl, HO pa3peHIHTb 9TH BOHpOCU AO KOH- ua He cvMeJi. KpynHUM HeAOCTaTKOM cneCTaioiH 6uaa h3ahuihhh naTeTHna. HanmiieiiHaa AeKAaMaiuta noAMeHsuia AeficTBHe. AMaHreabAU-Ejiiofiafi yuyp3aKOB npOH3HOCHA BUCOKOnapHUe MOHOJIOrH, 34><t>BKTHbie THpaAbl, AH- uieHHbie BHyipeimero coAepataima h npaBAu. 3naiHre.TbHo cepbe3iiefl pHcoBaaa o6pa3 AMaHreabAU nbeca Mycpe­ noBa, no coAepwaiimo CBoeMy coBepmeHHo oTAHiHaa ot m>ecu, nocraBAeH- Hoft b 1937 rony. Abtop ucnoJib30Baa KaK coScTBeiiHuii onuT pa3pa6oTKH btoh TeMH. Tax h onbiT IlIaxMeTa XycaHHOBa. npo6.ieMbi, noAHHrae b nbece XycaHHOBa, MycpenoB yrAyfiHA, Aaa hm Cojiee niHpOKoe ocBeiHeKHe\"1*. Oahhko h b 9tom BapnaHre nbecu ApaMaiypr He cyMea pa3BHTb ejui- HyiO OOWETHyiO AHHHKi; OH CTpeMHACH OXBaTHTb HeCOpa3MepHO AAHHHblft nepHOA BpeMCHH, HyTb lie bck) o6mecTBCHiiyio ACHTeabHocTb AMaHrejibAH, H no 3TO0 npHMHHe pB30pBaA eAHHCTBOAeScTBHH nbCCbl, BfTa.TB XpOHHKaAb- liocrb. riepBwS axr noKa3biBaer Ha'iaao BoccraiiHH 1916 roAa, caeAViouiHe aKTH — MOMeHT OeBpaAbCKOfl peBOJMOUHH. 3AeCb COCblTH* pa3BepTbIBaiOT- ch eme aoboabho ctpoAho, pncya peBOAwuHOHHbifi pocT AsiaHreAbAH h C(()OpMHpOBaHHOrO HM OTpHAB* Ho nOCACAHHfi aKT BApyr nepeHOCHT 3pHTe* ah b 1919 rOA, abbbh KapTHHy rn6e.ni AMaHreAbAU, MHHya see npoMe*y- TOHHbie COfibITHH OKTH6pbCKO0 peBOAIOUHH H CT3H0BAeHHe COBeTCKOll BA3CTH b Ka3axcraHe. Me*Ay tbm 3a 3th roan oficTaHOBKa b crpaHe Ha- CIOAbKO H3MeHHAaCb, HTO MeXaHHHCCKH CBH3bIBaTb KapTHHbl 1919 rOAa C 313

61917 rOAOM HHK3K He.1b3H. Co b[THH 1919 TOfla B DbKe OfipHCOBaBU no- 6BcpxHOCTHo, HHorfla pawe <j>aabuiHBO, nocaeaHH0 aKT enemakah iimero He npH aBJinji k BnenaweHHio ot riepBHX nap™, HaofiopoT, paafinaan mo BneiameHHe. llocne flsyx ciieKTawiea (1937 h 1945 roaoB),b Koropux pcwibAMaH- 6reabau nrpa/i EaioCafi yMyp3aK0B, Tenepb Ha 3?y pwib u.i Ha3naieH Ka- 06naH EaflupoB, h m o onpeae-iHao coBepuieHHO HHyw TpaKiOBKy aamioro - pa3a. BMecro araaMOTHoro, crpeMHTeabHoro, HanopHCioro HaaaabHHKa cap- 6a30B na cueHe hosbhhch chokoBhuh, caepwarau®, paccyaHreabHuB Ha- poaHbifl BojKab. PaHbiue AMaHreabau Bee 3Hajr, hh b <k m He coMHeBaaca. Tenepb oh buymbhbo HCKaa pa3pemeHHH BcraBaBmax nepea hhm Bonpocoa. «3 xoTea nepeaaTb,— paccKa3UBaer BaaupoB,— uto AjiaHreabau b nauaae nbecu Bepm h ye3aHOMy naqa.ibHHKy h ryfiepHaropy, ot hhx waer npaBabi. ToabKO nocreneHHo oco3iiaeToh, >ito uapcsas Baacrb Bceraa tipaw- aefina napoay. V Hero B03HHKaroi sonpocu, na na*aoM mary npenaTciBra, KOTopue waao npeoao.ieaaTb. OcHOBHoe b mo® poau: HCxaHHe nyrefi k B nepBOfl xapTHHe AwaHreubau eiae He Bowab BOCcraHHa, ho noat- 63syeTCH y*e nonyaspnocTbio b Hapoae 3a CMeaocn. h pe3Kiie Bbmaabi npo- thb EflacreS. K cowaaeraio, b reaere nbecy He pa bHCHeHo noapoCiiee,sa- khmh KOHKpeTHbiMH codbiTHHMH Bbi3BaH3 era aio oBb. OieBHUHo, Te we ca- 06Mbie nocrymcH AMaHreabau B036yaHJiiinpoTHB Hero HeHaBHcrb Haiajibcrsa, npi«a3 ero apecre. C Moro h HaqmaercH cneKTaioib. Ba3apHaa turomaab b Typrae, TTpo- 6eraioT ypaarara a ropoaoBue, kotopum npHKa3ano 3aaepHiaTb AMaHreav au. 3bohht KojioKoaa; c MHHapera wy3H3HH BbixpHKHBaer yrpo3H no aa- pecy aep3Koro 6e3(SoiKHHKa. Ho ropoaoBue He 3HaioT npecTymrara b HHUO. FloMOMy npHKa33HO 3aaepHSHBaTb Bcex woae0 C HepHblMH ocrpuiiH GopoanaMH h cpeaa rax pa3UCKaTb AManreabau. Ha cueHy no-iHueScuae 6HoaonyT uenyio many na3axoB c uepHbiMH oapbiMH fiopoaaaMH, Bee ohh CBraaHU oaHofl BepeBKo8. Mto u c6iirb ropoaoBbix c TWity h cnaciH Amhh- reabau, Kawauii H33aaepwaniiux CMeao 3aaBJiaeT, are oh-to h ecrb Am3h- 113renbAbi. Bymyer b apocra ye3aHuA HaaaabHHK Typraa Aaencefl JIornHOB, ho tjt we yfiewaaerca, mo ero npHKa3a Hmero He noaynrrca. Hapoa He Bbiaaa- cBoero awfiHMua. Mpawo oiaaer oh pacnopawerae OTnyaam bcjo many aepHofiopoaux. Hepe3 bcw 3Ty cyMaioxy npoxoatrr 6e3 BOUHeHHa tojibko oann aeao- 6bck:can AManre-ibau. JlerKHM uiaroM, cnoxofiHO h yBepeHHO aBHraerca oh no cueHe, a aoraa ypaaHHKH yaaaaiOTCa, He ohtch npeacraib nepea ca- 6 66mhm HauajibHHKOM h,raaaa npaMo b rjma JlorHHosy, 6e3 CTpaxa fipocacT eMy ynpcK: «Bbi, HaaaabHHKH, maero He caeaa/m a.ia aara Hapoao>. Pouh ywe nepe.MeiiMHCb, ye3aHbiS caM ayBCTByer ce a o BHHaeMMM. Bes oco(5oro wapa, cicopee CMymeHHo oh otBeaaer: «HeT, HaM He aoroBOpHft-

ch». O h npoSyeT eme pa3 HaTpaBHTb cTaio ropoAOBHx Ha AMaHreabAbi, ho tot ChiCTpo BCKaKHBaeT Ha kohh H HCie3aeT B Ce36pe*H0ii crenH. B nepBhix * e KapTHHax cneKTaxaa n0K33aH0, xaxoe bjihhhhb Ha pa3- BHTHe AMaHrejibflbi-peBoaiouHOHepa hmcjio oCmeHHe c pyccKHMH peBoaio- UHOHepaMH. Abtop buboaht hx xax jipy3efl h cobbthhkob AMaHreabAbi, no- MoraiomHX ero pocTy. 3 to — rieTp JIormioB h MwxaHji naacryHOB. rieTpa JlorHHOBa aBTOp Haaeana HeoCbiiafiHofi h He Bnoane npaBAO- 6 6iioaoCho B CHorpa^Heft. rieTp — paT MecTHoro ye3AHoro HaqaabHHxa, bib- 6uihS oijwuep, noTepsa Hory b ohx c HeMuaMH, a 3aTeM BbicaaH b Ka3ax- 3craH a peBoaioiwoHHbie HacTpoeHHH. O h 3Haa AManreab/ibi eme ao boBh u , 6Macro eceAOBaa c h h m ,ySejKAaa ero b eflHHCTBe HHTepecoB pyccxoro h xa- 3axcxoro HapoaoB. Kaaux CaypMKOB pHCOBaa rieTpa MoaojxaBbiM, oCaaTeabHUM, no-BoeH- HOMy noATflnyrbiM, c axxypaTHO noAcrpHxeHHhiMH ycHxaMH. O h noHBaner- ch Ha cnene b noHcxax AMaHreabAbi, xoroporo xoier npeAynpeAHTb o rpo- 3amefl e.My onacnocTH, oCpaiuaerca x nepBOMy BcrpewoMy — CTapwxy Tay- xe c npocbCofl Hafira AManreabAU. Ho Tayxe cmotpht Ha rieTpa HeAOBep- 8hhbo. «C AofipwMii an HaMepeHHHMH huibt nauiero AMaHreabAbi stot pyc- ckh ?»— AyMaeT erapax, CMymeHHO mhct manxy b pyxax, c Ce3y>iacTHHM bha om caAHTCH Ha xopTOMKH h yimpaeTCfl pyxaMH b xoaeHH. Xopouio nepe- AaBaa XHTpbie yaooKH Tayxe HCnoaHHTeab stoB poaH Cepxe KwxaMxyaOB. Ho ctoht IleTpy Ha3BaTb CBOe hmh, xax OTiiomeHHc Tayxe x HeMy pe3KO MenaeicH. O h cabixaa 06 stom pyccxoM, 3HaeT, ito stot «fleTpa» npo- noeeAOBaa apywfiy pyccxoro h xa3axcxoro HapoAos. Cpa3y owmiHuimicb, Beceao B3raaHyB Ha flerpa, ToponHTCa Tayxe b noHCKH 3a AMaHreabAbi. Bo BTopoft xapTHHe nbeetj noxa3aHa Bcrpeia AMaHreabAbi c Muxan- aoM naacryHOBbiM. FlaacTyHOB — nyaxoBcxHfi paSoiHB, nocae peBoaiouHH 1905 roAa BbicaaH b Ka3axcTaH, rAe oh lie npexpamaa peBOJimmomoU Aea- TeabHOCTH. Tenepb oh HBHaca x AMaHreabAbi xax nocaaHeu or paSonix Kapcaxnaa, xax npeAcraBHTeab KoMMyHHCTHaecxoB \"napTHH, ito6m o6t>hc- HHTb xa3axcxoMy HapoAy He3axoHHOCTb jiexpera 0 «pexBH3HmiH TyseMueB* Ha TbiaoBbie paSoTU, HTofibl yCTaHOBHTb c HapoAOM CBH3b b 6opb6e npoTHB uapH3Ma. > K arA a O r y 3 6 a e s b poJiH naactVHOBa xoporao n e p eA aa cAepscaHHOCTb n e M o a o A o ro p a f io ie r o , yM y A p eirao ro oiujtom pesoaiouHOHHOB 6opb6u , e ro CXpOMHOCTb H CHAy BOAH. 30 6CaM AMaHreabAbi b sthx AByx cueiiax eme He BwcrynacT b axTHBHOM AeficTBHH. 3 th xapTHHM nywHbi hah b cn eK T ax ae xax 3Kcno3HUH» o6pa- B rieTpa JIorHHOBa h MwxaHAa HAacTyHOBa. OCpa3 caMoro AMaHreabAbi noereneHHO pacxpWBaeTca Toabxo co cae- ayioiuefi xapTHHu, b xoropoB noxaaaua BCTpena xa3axcxoro napoAa c ryp- raficxHM reHepaa-ryfiepHaiopoM EBepcMauoM, npHexaBUiHM npoiecrb uap- cxhB AexpeT.

Ha ciieHe— Aomarafi noMOCT, 3auiHiueHHbifi ot ctwiHua MaTepaarbm aaBecoM Ha leiupex tohkhx crojifiax. Cu m , npHroTOMeHHuS um ryfiep- Haiopa, vxpauieH HauiioHaabiibiM (JwiaroM. Boxpyr noMOcra myMHT, bo.i- HyercH coOpaBuiHfica HapoA, h b ero cpeae HpoHBJWioTca pa3JtH>mbie hbct- poeHHfl. ATKaMHHep TuMaK6aS, noAroiocox cTapuiHH h 6aeB, npeaaaraer 3a- Hsib ymioHMHByio no3HUHio, npocs ryoepHaropa TOJibxo oicpoiHTb bhiioji- KeHiie yxa3a. Cefi^y.iJia TeabrapaeB npeACTaBHA TbiMax6as MynOBaniM waaKOM, KOTopufi Bee nyTaer, BMae nonaaaeT b cMeuiKoe noJioweHHe. Bh- aynaa nepea ryfiepHaropoM, oh Hecer HeBoo6pa3HMyio xyuib, iiyras pyc- CKH6 OlOBa C K33aXCKHMH, HH OAHOfi MblCJIH He MOJKCT BblCKa3aTb flO KOH- Ha, a >rro6bi Ka3arbca BHyinHT&nbHbiM, aapaetcH B3o6pan>cH Ha iuomawy to cnpaBa, to cjieBa, noAfwpaeTCH k caMOMy croJiy reHepaaa. Oiyuiaa ero, Hapofl HacTopoweHHO mqmht, a CTapHK Tayxe 6e3Haae*Ho Hauler pysoft h c Aocaaoi OTBOpaiHBaeTca. CoBepuicHHbiM KOHTpacroM BbiCTyiuieHHHTuMax6aH 3ByHHT pen AM3H- reabttbi, npoH3HeceHHaa ropsuo, CMeno h CTpacrHO, 6e3 yroAKmeCTBa, 6es or.THAbiBaHHH no cropoHaM. ry.TOM oaofipeHHB noanepJKHBaeT ero Hapoj. Koraa B36euieHHbiH npoTHBOAeBCTBHeM ry6epHarop npHKa3bioaeT apecro- BaTb fiyiiToBuiHKa, HapOA He BuaaeT AMaHreabAU, noMoraer eMy expHues. 3Ta xapTHHa noKa3biBaeT, xax y6exaeHH0CTb AMaHrejibW, onpeaeseH- Hocrb B3rjisflOB h b to )xe BpeMs ero CMeaocTb, peuiHTMbHocTb, OTBara He- npoH3BO.ibHOBHABHHyHHero BO*aeM BocirraBUiero Hapofla. C store MOHeara aBTopHTeTero BeeB03paciaeT, cijjepaAeaTeJibHocTH pacumpaeics. Bo raaue HencxopHofi mcuioakkii BpuBaerca AMaHreabAH b lopry bo- AOCTHoro ynpasmeJia, xyaa npHexaa ye3AHbifi HauaJibHiix JIothhob, bto6h CofipaTb C1IHCKH npiOhlBaeMUX OT HeCKOAbKHX BOJIOCTeS. flpd H3BeCTHH 0 npaC.THJKeHHH AManreabAbi cpeAH npHcyrcrByioiHHx B03HHKaer naHHxa, bo- aocTHhie npaayica xre-xyAa. Anexcefi /Ioihhob Me3aeT b cyHAyx, ctos- fflHfi HOCpeAH lOpTbJ. iI*HrHTH AiaaHrMbAbl BbITaCKHBaKJT H3 yXpHTHH He- penyraHHbix boaocthhx. AMaareJibAbi pBer cuhcxh npii3BaHHHX, a mojio- Aejxb, 3HaiHBinyKica b cnHcxax, 3a6upaeT b cboB noBcraHiecKHH oipHA. C paAOCTbio hact 3a hhm xa3axcxaa CeAHOTa. CoBepuieHHO ac«o, bto aBTop He Mor b npeAenax oahoB nbecu noxa- aaTb Becb xoa napoAHoro BoccTaHHa b TypraficxoB olwacTH hjih xoth 6h noAHO o6p«coBaTb pojib caMoro AwaHreAbAhi b stom BoccraHiiH. ribeca or- paiiHBHBaeTca otacauiumh xapranaMH BoccTaHHa: Aarepb AMaHreabAH 8 MOMeHTHaiajia BoccTaHHa (no-BHAHMOMy, b xoHue aeia 1916 roAa), nna6 AMaHreabAH 3hmoB 1916/17 roAa. 3th ABe xapTHHbi b jiarepe AManre.ibjH yfieAirrejibHH h coAepjxaTeAbHbi, nocxoabxy ohh npaBAHBO pacyxir nocre- neimoe pacuiHpeHHe Macurra6oB BoccTaHHa h b to we iipewa noaBJieaHe xaaccoBbix nporaBOpeiHB b cpeAe BoccTaBMHX. Pacrrer b sthx xaprB- Hax h ofipas canoro AMaKrejibAbi, xoropuB nocTeneuHO npeBpamaeica ns 316

CyHraps b noAHTHiecKH 3penoro bojkah-PamyT h o6pa3u ero npH6anweH- twx, H3 Koropbix HaHtoee apxo oiepieH MoaoAoft cap6a3 MyHafirnac b HcnarmenHit EaioOaa yMyp3aK0Ba. 3Ha npHwepe MyHaflinaca cneicraiotb nOKa HBaer pocr cnoABHxtHHKa 6 6AMaHreai.au or npocToro ayjibHoro ia aHa ao HauaabHHKa oeBoro oTpa- aa. Biiaqaae 3pHTeab bhaht HaHBHoro, HeonuTHoro AWHnrra, cHJibHoroio.ib- 6ko CBOefi Ce33aaeTHoii npeflaHiioctbio HapoAHony acny h jno oBbio k AMan- rcAbAbi. He paccywAaa MHoro, Mynaflinac BunoAHaeT npHKa3u AMaHreab- Au: oxpaHHH bxoa b ero wpTy, He nponycKaeT Tyaa hhkoto, aa*e Ba*Hux 66aeB h cxapuiKH. Aioep npexpacHO nepeAaBaa y e*AeHHocib MyHafiTnaca b HcnoAiieHHH CBoero Aonra. M yHaiiTnac iKawaeT OMaaerb bochhum MacTepcTBOM. yBJieaeHHo bh- noAHaeT oh BOHiicKHe ynpaiKHCHHa, MapmHpycr, Aeaaer noeopOTU, caM ce- 6e oTAaBaa KOMaHAy. AManreabAu 3aMeaaeT ero ycnexn b CTpoeBUx abh- jKeHHax h, yBJieieHHbiii sthmh ycnexaMH, tbiokc HaqHHaer MapujHpoBarb noa ero KOManay. 3aopobum HapoAHHM lOMopoa npoHH3aHa cueHa, rae MyHafiTnac c noireHHeM iipHMepaer KpacHoapMeficKHft ui.ieM, npe3pHreabiio OTCpacUBaa CBofi ahchh Maaaxafi. floAHTM'iecKaH co3HaT«ibHocTb moaoaoto cap0a3a apKo npoHBasiercn b ero Awaaore c aiKaMHHepoM TbiMaK6aeM. Tot xhtpht h ioaht, cxpuBaa CBoe noAAHHHoe OTHomeHHe k BocCTaiwio, k HapoAHoii 6opb6e. MeTKHMH, sraBHTeabHUMH penanKaMH MyHafiTnac-yMyp3aK0B CucTpo pa3o6aaqaeT ero aHTHHapoAiiyio cyiuHOcrb. B AaabHefiuieM M yaafim ac npcACTaer nepeA 3pHTeacM nan ctpornii, snepramibifi Ko«aHAnp OTpaAa. Xopcuio orro'ieHHbifi oGpaa MyHafiTnaca nan 6u noauTowaBaa aahh- Hblfi p«A C03AaHHUX yMyp33KOBUM o6pa30B GeAHBKOB, GopiOIUHXCfl C (peo- AaabiiuM MHpoM. B HeKoropux cuenax, HanpHMep, b AnaJiorax c TuMait- 6aeM, MviiaiiTnac nepeKJimtaAcn c ocTpocaoBOM-3arefiHHKOM MaaKawGaeM, 3noAHHMaBUiHM Ha CMex Tynoro Hecoo6pa3HreabHoro 6aa. B Apyrnx cuenax a cmwofi MyHafiTnaca BCTaBaa >KaHTac, HeHaBHAHiAHfi 6aeB, roTosuft no- *epTBOsaTb WH3Hbio Ha 6aaro Hapoaa. A btop xoTea noKa3aTb Ha cuene, qro b abukchhh AManre-Tbau yiacr- BOBaan He TtwibKo a » hthth, ho h aeByinKH, BooaymeBaeiiHue 6opb6ofi aa HapoAHoe caacTbe. C srofi ueatw b nbecy BBeAena Aenyuma BaHy, KOTopaa npaxoAHT b aarepb cap6a30B h npHBOAHT 3a cofiofi ueaufl *eHCKnfi OTpaA. 06pa3 BaHy no 3aMUcay HHTepeceH: oh npoAOAwaeT Ha cueHe TeaTpa 3pBA AeByuieK-BOHTeabHHu, Koropufi HaiHHaeTCH c Ehahk. BaHy— paaenrae Toro odpa3a b HOBoe BpeMH, b toau rpaxuaHCKofi boAhh: b neii apra or- paweHbi HauHOHaabHue qepiu Ka3axcicoro napOAa. OAHano hh b nbece, hh b cneicraKae 3tot o6pa3 He noaynHa mnpoKoro pa3BnniH. Abtop He Hauiea AAH BaHy Mecra b cueHHiecKOM AeficrBHH. EAHHCTBeHHufi «m>ABHr», koto- 6pufl coBepiuawT aeBymm (aa h to aa KynucaMH), HenpaBAonoAo eH. )Ke- jian HanyraTb Bpara, co3Aaib BneaaTJieHHe, 6yATO y noBcraHueB mhoto ny- 31?

jieMeTOB, aeByiiiKH H3roTOBJiaiOT aepeBanKbie rpeiuoTKH h noaHHMaior b mombht 6oa cTpauiHbifi uiyM... flawe Taxan oaapeimaa Hcno.iHwe.ibHHua, Kax XajHiua ByKeeBa, He Mor.ia owaBHTb o6pa3, npHaarb eMy 3HaiHM0cn. C pacniHpeHHeM MaciUTaCoB bocct3hhh b craH Asiaiirejibiu npHXoaiir Bee eo.ibuie Kapojy: rpynnu OeaHOTU, npeiCTaBHTe.m ueaux poaoB, 3nai- iibie SaTbipu. MHxan.i HaacrynoB npuBoam b craw ueaufi oipra paSoiar Kapcaxnan, n p e o S jia a am e cpean BoccTaBiimx 6eaH0Thi h paSoiHx n p m ae r BceMy BBHJKeHHio pcBo.iiouHOHHbiH xapaKTep. OllHaKO npHMKHyBBlHe X AwaHrejlb- ,ibi 6 arap b i h (peoja.'iu B036v«aai0T b caMOM atMoxeHHH xaaccoBue npo- THBOpeiHH. H3 iHCJia npeacraBHTeaeS (peoaaabiioro MHpa cnemob xpyn- iibiM nnaHOH p acy er pbohx: rjiaBy poaa JK anapa h «6biBaj]oro 6aTupa> Keie. )K anap c caMoro Haaana BpawaeSeH AwaHreabau. O h npHMbmaeT x BoccraHHio, HanyraHHhiiS e ro pa3MaxoM, b naaewae nepexBaTHTb y Ai m - rejibabi HHHUtiaTHBy, B03raaBHTb aBaweHHe b HHTepecax (jieoaaabHOH Bep- xyniKH, Mower 6trrb, caMOMy eraTb xbhom. KaanSex KyaHbimnaeB pHCoeaa )Kanapa TyrabiM, TJuxeaoBecHUM, Ma- aonoaBiDKiiMM. C HeaonoabHbiM, MpawuM bhaom SBaaerca oh b ropiy AMaHreabau, paccepwemiuS tcm, hto MyHafimac ne cpa3y Bnycrwi ero, noTpeSosaa nponycx. y Hero xoaenoe aimo npHBHxmero k npexaoHeHHio tjieoaaaa, aKKypaniaa, tomho BbiTO'ieimaa lepHaa fiopoaxa, pobho noacroH- weHHue ycHKH. Kax BepHuS nec, caeayeT 3a hhm aniaMHHep Thmax6a8, abCTHBo eMy noaAaxHBaiowHii. Bawno cnepuiHCb Ha naaxy, caanrcs )Ka- nap, BucoKOMepHO, easa cxpuBaa npe3piiTeabHoe orHonieHHe k «buckoi- Ke» AManreabau, pa3roBapiiBaer c hhm. Ha Jimie 3acTuao HaaMeHHoe bu- paweime. AMaHrejibau cpa3y pa3raauB aer BaacToaroSHBbie aaM ucau JKanapa, 6ho TeM He Menee npHHHMaeT ero b cboS craH, pacciHruBaa He Ha caMoro JKanapa, a Ha eaHnnoB, Haymax noxa 3a hhm. JKanap bhocht ae3opraHH3auHio b aBiDKeirae, HanaaaeT Ha noceaoR pyccxoS 6eaH0Tbi h rpaSar ero. Caeayer Sypnaa ciieHa oSbHcneHHH aayx naiaabiiHKOB. KanaH BaaupOB-AMaHreababi CeuieHo BcxaxHBaer, onpoxa- HyB «a cBoeM nyra Ta6yper, kphhht ra JKanapa, Tpe6yCT, hto6h tot or- a a a xpecrbswaM srpoe Soabiue HarpafSaeHHoro. iloreMHeB Kax ryia, fie3 flBHweiwH, yerpeMHB raa3a b oaHy Toixy, cayaraer >Kanap stot npaxa3. B peuiHTeabHuS MOMeHT uiTypMa Typraa JKanap H3MeHaeT AwaHreab- au, yxoam- co cbohm otphaom c Ha3Ha>ieiworo eMy yiacixa. Ho euy se yaaerca yarn or Hapoanoro rneBa. npeaaieab cxaaieii h oiaaH noa cya. B npOTHBonoaowHOCTb Kanapy 6arbip Keie BHaaaae HCKpeHHe npH- MbiKaer x HapoaHOMy ABHweHHio. Ho oh aecroaioSHB h TinecaaBeH: cwraer ce6a 6oaee aocroflHbiM pyxoBoaHTeaeM Hapoaa, qeM AMaHreabiu. Kpoxe roro, oh He noHHMaeTBceHapoaHoro xapaxiepa bocct3hkh, oh He npH3Haer

nonsiTHH «Hapofl», aah Hero cymecTByioT TOAbxo OTAeAbHue poAH: aprbiHU, KrniiaKH... He npH3iiaeT oh npeHMymecTBa bochhoR TexHHKH, yBepeH, hto Koiib Jiyiuie riyaeMera. AChkch XaceHoo xopouio nepeaaBaa oTCTaJioctb Keie, ero MaHepy rpy6oBaio AepwaTbca c oxpywawimiMH. B Koaue nbecu KeTe OKoiiMaTC-ibHo OTpbmaeTcs ot Hapoaa, aaHOBHTCH na cropoHy 6aen H <j)coAaaoB. flopBaBuiHCb ao BJiacTH b ropoac, KorAa AMaHreAbAU yuiea b noxoa, Kere OTMeHaer ero pacnopawemifl, oraaeT Caa.M OToCpaimvio y mix 3cmak>. Bo3BpaTHBiiiHHCH AMaHreAbAU npHHywAeii pa3opy*HTb Kere c ero CTOpOHHHKaMH. Bnean b AeficTBHe npeACTamneAeR paaAHHHUx caoeB Ka3axcKoro na- poAa — MyHaflinaca h BaHy, >Kanapa h KeTe, a Tatoxe paQomix H3 Kap- caxnan, aBTop noxa3aA, xaxoii umpoKHfi paaMax npiimiAo BOCCTaHHe b Typ- raficKofl oCaacTH. OAHano eMy He yaajiocb nepeAaTb MacurraSu 6opb6u AManrejibAU c uapcnofi PoccueS. 6He6oabiuofl Biiaiaae otpha AManre-ibAU Bupoc b oJibuiyK> noBCTan- iccKyio apMHio. B noaOpe 1916 roaa OTpBAhi AManreababi ocaanaii Typ- raii, h sra ocaaa AAH.iacb n o w i siecau, noxa na Bupyixy ocawAeiimjM ne 6noAocne.10 MHoroiHtyieHHoe, xopomo BOopyxceHHoe bohcko.MeaneRHO orcry- naa b ray b erenH, AwaHreAbAu CAepaomaa nacTyiuieHHe uapcxiix boRcx ao BeCHbi 1917 roAa, KorAa rpaHysuiaa <J>eBpaabCKaa peBOJnouaa paccemia ch a u ero BparoB. B cneKTaiwie Macnnafi 3thx coShthR He OTpaweH, AaHa TOAbxo pa3- po3iieHHaa cneHa 6opb6u 3a Typrafl, uiTypM xaxoR-ro Ka3ap.Mbi, b xoropofi saceA Bee tot >xe A-iexcefi 71orahob c Kymtoft coaAaT. AMaHreAbAU b stoR cueHe BurAHAea xoMaHAHpoM HeGoAbiuoro orpaAa, a He r.MBOii chamioR nOBCTaHHCCKOH apMHH. H b AaAbHefimeM o(5pa3 AMaHreAbAU He pa3BHB3Aca. O h oTAaBaA pac- nopflHceiiHH, MHoro paccyJKAaA, ho b ero acRctbhhx He 6uao ApaMamiecKofl !ianpa>KeHHOCTH, BAOXHOBeHHH. 0(5pa3 CTailOBHACH PHTOPHHHUM H XOAOAHO- BaTUM. Hniero ne npnfiaBAHAo k xapaxiepHCTHKe AManreABAU nocAeAHee Aefl- CTBHe nbecu, co6uthh xoToporo othochtch x 1919 roAy. ITaoxo noxa3aHa b neM 6opb6a AMaHreAbAU c AAaui-OpAoft. HcropHH CBHAexeAbCTByeT, n o AMaHreAbAU AOAXceH 6uji BUAepwatb cepbe3Hyra 6opb(5y c aAamopAHHua- mh, pacnoAaraBiUHMH b to BpeMa 3HaqHTeAbHofl BAacroo. A b nbece bch Aviaui-OpAa npeACTaBAeHa oahoR (JnirypoR MeAXoro HHTeAAHreHTHxa KeH- jiterapu, cAywauiero iwcapew y AMaHreAbAU. Or BucrpeAa Keioxerapu h nornCaeT AMaHreAbAU. Taxaa pa3B«3xa cnexTaxAH H3BpamaAa HCTopiiqe- cxyio HCTHiiy, npHAaBaAa cAynaflHufl xapaxTep ra6eAH AMaHreAbAU. OTopBaHHOCTb nocAeAHero axTa ot ocHOBHoro AeficTBHH cnexraxAH, Ha- AyMaHHocTb ero CHHwaAH HAefluo xyAOJKecToeiiHuft ypoBeHb cnexTaxAH, ah- uiaAH ero ueAbHocra h yfieAHTeAbHOCTH. TpaHAH03HaH TeMa AMaHreAbAU, 319

ciwibKo yxe jieT npHBaeKaBinaa k ce6e bhhm3hhg TeaTpa, h sthm cnetcrax- ;ieM He 6uaa pa3pemeHa b flociaToiHofi aeneHH yfieaHieabHO h rnyte. JIlIHHH MCTOpMO-fiblTOBOft TeMHTHKH, fflHpOKO npej!CTaBJ[eilHa!l B JO- BoeHHoe BpeMH tbkhmh HHrepecHbiMH nocraHOBKaMH, Kan «TyHrH capuH>, •Kypec KyHaepHrae», «Ak KafltiH», nooie bohhu 6uaa npoaoaweHa tohmco oaHoft KOMeaweS IIlaxMera XycaHKOBa h Kanafieica KyanuiimaeBa «UIaH- uiapaap* («OcrpocaoBbi»), nocraBaeHHoft TeaTpOM b hbhe 1948 roaa1\". .HeficTBHe nbecu orofipaacaeT nepnoa rpawaaHCKofi bohhu b Kaaaxcraae (rowee— 1920 roa) h noxa3UBaeT yqacme Hapoamax KOMHKOBaaTelta- kob—uiaiimapoB b peeoaioiuioiiHOM aBHweHHH, hx noMomb xpacuuM nap- TH3aH3M, SalbUieBHKaM-noanOJlblUHKaM. Kaan6eK KyaHUinnaeB iicnonb3oeaa np« nocipoeHHH doxcera nbeca coScTBeHHbie BocnoMHHaHHH o rex roaax, Koraa oh Bbictynaa Ha KyrauiH- cKoft apMapxe xaK HapoaHbifi komhk. OcHOBHue aeficTByiomHe anna He bh- ayMaHU, TOJlbKOHMeH3 HXH3M6HeHhl. HapoaiibiH komhk AHaa6eK—3TO can KaaHf5eK, 3aiHHianK Bcnecmz uiyroK h npoaeaoK. B Hcno.iHeHHH KanxeHa AatuibHHHOBa AHaafific—jkh- i]OH, nOaBHHCHHHaXCHrHT, C BUpa3HT&HbHblM, CMbUliaCHHUM.1HBOM, Ha KOTO- poMKpacHBO BbiaeaaiOTCH Hefio-ibiuHe ycHKH. Oaer oh necrpo, ksk Hapoa- uufi myr: woman py6axa, 3eaeHbie nrranu, Kparaufi nose. Peqb ero npo- >ni3aiia roMopoM. Huoraa on noaxoam k cofieceaHHKy c aeaaHHoft h3hb- HOCTbio, qroOu BepHee noaaerb ero aoBKoft myiKofi. Bropoft b KOMnaHHH uiaHiuapoB—Kyraap, npoo6pa30M Koroporo 6m hokhA CHJiaq-fiopeu. TaKwe npHHHMaBiMft yqacrHe b npeaciaBaeHHHx Ha apjiapKe. B aroft poaii )Karaa Ory36aen, b npoTHBonoaoxHocib AHaafiexy, noaqepKHBa.i TaweaoBecHOCTb, HenoBopoTJiHBOCTb KyaHapa h b to we Bpe­ MH ero ao6poayinue, npocTOTy h GecxiiTpocniocTb. Pa3roBapHBa.i oh yrpH- POBBHHOHH3KHMTOaOCOM. KyaHapy HpaBnrca aeByuiKa, npHcavwHBaiomaH b apMaponHofi kjwhc- hoh— TyabcyM. Oh yxawHBaeT 3a neft, caoBHO HeyxaiowHft Measeflb 3a 6bicrpoft aaHbK). Koraa lyabcyM nonaaaerca Ha aopore, Kyaaap He 06x0- aHT ee, a aerico nepeHOCHT Ha apyroe Mecro, ofearaB, Gyaro iieinoK c KapioinKoft. TpeTbeMy H3 maHuiapoB nbecu—3apy6aio —aBTOpu ocraBHaa hmh, KOTOpoe oh Hoc»a b aeftcTBHTeabHocTH. Tax 3BaaH HapoaHoro KOMHKa, H3- BecTHoro b to BpeMa, caaBHBineroca noaBHWHocTbio aaua, whboS mhmh- Kofi, yMeRHeM nepeoaeBaibca h nepeapa3HHBaib. Ha apMapKe 3apyfiai Bucrynaa c hhpkobumh HOMepaMH, nepeoaeBiHHCb 3aftueM, npuraa qepe3 cron, Ha KoropoM Guaa paccraBaeHa qaAnaa nocyaa h jsamt KHnaiuHli ca- MOBap, K coacaaeHHK), EaioGaft yMyp3axoB, caM no-cymecT8y 6aH3Krf x wacTepcTBy 3apy6aa, He Hamea BepHoro noaxoaa k 3TOMy o6pa3y. Oh He nepeaaa 3a6opHcroro WMopa 3apy6aa, ero WHByio MHMHKy noaMeHHa Ha- npawemihiMH rpHMacaMH, mopue roabKO OTaweaaaH Hrpy. rpyfioBaro, 320

flaayMaHHo BbirjiaxeaH nepeoxeBaHHa arnpa b 3afipa h b wchckhS koctiom. 5jiccramee aoMexnflHoe xapoBaHiie EaioCaa, ero mbctcpctbo Hcnojiamejia napoxHOfl lOMopaciHiecKoS necHH ne npoaoHAHCb b cneaTaaxe. K rpynne iiapojuux apracTOB npHMHaa.na emc neBHua Caflpa, npoo6- paaoM KOTopofl 6ujia H3eecraasi BceMy Ka3axcTany Hapoxnaa neBHua MaS- pa. B Hcnoxiiemni Xaxmuii XOieHay-roBoS ona Bumxexa Hacromuefl aa- 3axcK0fi KpacammeS. fleficTBHe cneaTaaxs pa3birpbmaerct( aa KyimxHHcaofi apMapae. KpaCOUIO O^OpMIM 3TH CUeHN XJVIO/KHHK KyaaxMer Xoawhkob. Ha- npaBo, aepe3 bcio cueay, Ha bhcokhx necTpo pacapamembix aepcBamax mecTax HaTaiiyT niHpoKaft icycoK apaofi uaTepHn aaa 3amHTH oi cornua. HaaeBO— KywtjcHaa, weiTO npoxe iuaTpa Ha Taaax we aepeBaimux no/i- nopaax, ho noaopoae. Ha no.ay KyMbicnoS pa30CT.ianu KOBpH, HafipocaHbi nouyniKH, Tyr we ctoht HesucoKHfi uiecTnyroJibiibifl ctojihb. Xo3Hflaa ay- MhlCHOlI— KupHK-CaKHHa (AOCJIOBHO—COpOK Koaeu) BawHO CHXHTHa no- xymaax, pa3HHBaa kvmuc 6ojibiuofl aepnaaKofi no nnaxymaaM. CneKTaajib na'inuaeTca inyMHoft cuenofl Hpuapaa. riox SoabimiM tch- tom TojinaTCH MCJToiHbic ToprOBUbi, npexxaraa cboh TOBapw. Mhmo hhx npo- xoxht rpynnbi Jiioxefi, Micorue b apanx HauHOHaxbiibix aocnoMax. Pa3urpbi- saioTCst CoSaae cuemtH, pHcyromae Hpasu apMapan. Bot aaaoB-TO CTapna npoxaeT c nxeia xaxar. K HeMy noxfiHpaeroi ypaaraa — npoHbipxHBbiH xermia c ajihhhhm hocom, b p030B0ii pySaxe H (Jiypawac c oaoAbiuieM. Oh npiiMcpaeT xaxaT h ocraBxaeT ero ce6e, a Bxa- xexbua nporoHaeT b 3araAoa. Ha neBbicoKoa nxomaxae, Ha mstkhx noxyuiaax aphhbo pa3BaAHxca wupHbifi 6afl, oaeBHAHO, nocxe ocHOBaTexbHOft nopmm 6ec6apMaaa, 3anxuB- uihmh, noxcJtenoBaTbiMH rxa3aaMH paBiioxyurHO B3HparoiuHfi Ha oapywaio- my» ero cyeiy. Ero oficrynaarr maHuiapbi h iyT we co'ihhhiot npo Hero raaae yMopHTe-ibiibie rreceHKH-'iacryuiKH, qio Hapox noaaTHBaeicH co CMe- xy, a pa3bflpcHHUH 6aS npHHywxeH capmuch b fioxee yapoMHoe Mecro. 3aT6M ASHwenne Ha spMapae 3amaer. Hapox pacxoxHica. ileifCTBiie nepeOpacusaeica b ayMbicnyio Kupbia-caaiiHa, ayxa co6apaioTca ocaoBHue xeiicrayioiUHe xima aoMexaa. flefiCTBHe nbecH paisepranaeTM b 1919 roxy, ae3axoxro xo oaoma- rexbuoro pa3rpo.Ma SexorBapxeScaHx no.wnui Ha ceBepo-Bocroae Ka3axcTa- ua. BxaCTb b KyaHXHHcae eme b pyaax axaniopxbiHcaoro npaBHTexbCTBa. nHapaxy c hhm He noTepaxH caoero 3Haaema ocTaBiuHeca ot uapcKHx Bpe- Men BOXOCTHbie ynpaBHTexH. IloaBxeHHe Ha cueiie bthx 6ypwya3iiHx «npaBn- Texefi» npHxaiia.io cneaTaaxa) ocTpo carapHaecaKfl xapaaiep, noBuuiaxo ero axefiHO-noxHTHaecayxi 3HaiwMOcrb. BoxociHoii ynp8BHTe.ii. Teftrea — oxhh H3 Haafioxee apaax o6pa30B, co3xaHHbix apTHCTOM APhkciiom XaceHOBNM Ha BceM ero TBOpaecaoM ny- th. Tefitea — rpy3Hbift toxcthk, xo Toro pa3WHpeBUiHft, wo can oh He 321

Mcxer noAHaTi.cn c Kospa, ero c TpyAOMh xpnxTeimeM noAHHMaiOT oxpy ataiouiHe. y nero xpacnoe, 3aiuiuBinee WHpoia ahuo, Tumui Dia3KH, aep- naa dopOAa, HeBojmuwe ycHKH. P/iynoBaTO roroxeT oh Ha dacoBtix Horax. Ojer TeHTCK b ahaobuB 6oraTbrfl xa.iar c xpaciiUMH OTBoporaMH, xoropuB c Hero cracKHBaiOT flBe AeByuiKH. Ha rpyAH — orpoMiiwe xacu-AyKOBHua c nenoxxoii; xecxoAbxo pa3 TeiTrex MiioroTiiaxHTeAbHO cMorpirr Ha hhx h SeccMbicAeHHo ofhmimeT: «Bec MHiiyr!», —m m MHHyr! B pyxax Teirrex iiocToaimo Tacxaer toactuB, HadHThifl K3Khmh*to AOxyMeHTaMH nopr$ea&, npHAasoKHfi eMy ocoBemiufi aBTOpmei b raa3ax o6hioaTenefl. OcTasumcb b xyMuciiofi HaeAHiie c neBHueii Cafipofi, Teflrex npaHH- MaeTCH vxajKHBaTb 3a Hefl: Kax THJAeHb, noA3eT 3a Heii Ha xeTBepemxax Boxpyr ctoab, 3aieM, CMaxHyB iia iioa niiaAymxH, aojkktcji Ha ctoa ofoe- MHCTblM 3KHBOTOM. B norone 3a ymeAinefi CaflpoB TeSrex no orimfixe 3a6Hpaercn b lOpry Kbipux-caxHHa, Ta BuroHHCT ero naBcrpexy csoeMy Myjxy Toxaw, bxo/»- meMy xax pa3 b stot MOMem b xyMUCHyio. Toxafl (Cefi^yAAa TeAwapa- eB) — waAxati (jwrypa, nAioraBeHbXHfi, 3a6HTbiB xenosex c HeyBepeHHuHH ABHHceHHflMH h npiiAypKOBaToii ynudoxxofi. ToAOBa ero no-6a6bH noBxaa- Ba uBeTHbiM naaTKOM, a CBepxy eme npHxpbrra nofieTeBxoB. 3aHsr oh SoAbine Bcero cbohmh KOMMepxecKHMH ae-iaMH, noflcxHTUBaer npHfibuib or npOAaiinoro xyamca. Ho Ha stot pa3 Toxafi BApyr BOcnAaMenaercH pea- HOCTbio, BoopyacHBiuHCb noAyuixoB, SpocaeTcs Ha TOAcroro Tefliexa. 9ro paBHOCHAbiio HanaAeHHK) MOCbKH Ha CAOHa: mKpoxo B3Maxnye nopT$e.m Tefliex odpaiuaer peBHHBiia b nosopHoe fiererao. He wenee HHiepeciiofl xapHxaTypHoB (Jwrypofi 6bia b cnexTaxAe h npea- craBHTeAb aAauiopAbiHcxofl BAacTH b ropOAe AAanafl AAaMaHOB b hchm- HeHHH Arafidexa JKoAyMderoBa. A.ia.MaiiOB — ranHXHoe nopoxiAemie ho- \"ofi ropoACKoB xyabiypu, caMOBArodaeiiHbifi HHTCAAiireHT, ynoemibifi npe- AocraBAeHHoft eMy BAacrbx). HaribimeHiioe ahuo, npHWMypeHHue xax f KOTa TM33, OCHameHHble 30A0THMH O'lKaMH, TOpMalAHe BBepx yCHXH, npB- xecxa dodpaxoai. Oh xyAomaB, nOATHHVT, H3bicxaHiio oAer b chhhB y3- khB cropiyxox co ctohxhm xpaxMaAbHbiM bopothhxxom h xepHHM m a y - xoM-dadoxxofi. AiianaHOB bxoaht b xyMHCHyio c caMOAOBO.UHo-TopweCTBeiiHUM bh- AOM, Bbicoxo 3aApaB TOAOBy. B oahoB pyxe —ctsk, b Apyrofl - pacxpw- Tufl 3011THK. Oh He weAaer o6oBth Boxpyr crtwra, xrodbi cecrb Ha cbo6oa- noe Mecro; ctskom h 30htom noAaer 6e3M0ABHbifl 3iiax — «noAaib ta- °yper», 11 jkact BbinoAReHHH. ypsAHHK rpvCo cnHxiiBaeT c Mewa ciwsmy® -•KeHUiHiiy h noACTaBAHeT Tadyper AAaMaiioBy. Tot, lie r u m . cbahtcx h Ba*H0 npHHHMaeT H3 pyx KupHK-caxHHa rnraxy c kvmhcom. B KyMwcHofl KupwK-caxHHa noHBAHeTCH eme oahh noceiHTeAb: TaxH- CTacHHbiH HesHaxoMeu cpeAHHX JieT, npHBAeKareAbHofi HapyxiHOcra, co cnoxoSHbiMH, HeropoHAKRbiMH abhwchhhmh: tbkhm pncoBaA ero Paxiae- 322

TV-Ma Ca.ibMenoB. IIotom BbiHCHaeTCH, hto 3to — npeAcraBHTeafa xpacKbix napTH3aH Ka3axcTana, peBO.TiouHOHep-noAn<wibmKK Aypuun. Oh npHexaa b ropOA C KaKHM-TO BaXKHUM nopyraiHCM. Ha npHC3Afi ZlvpKMiia h crpoHTca He3aMwc.TOBaraa (pafiyaa nbecu. IllaHuiapbi anaioT HypKUiia, ohh nonoraioT CMy o6MaHytb npcjCTaBHTe.U'ii BA3CTH II BbinOJlHHTb 3aflai]HC. TefiteK no/(03pi:rc.ibi-:o nocMarpHBaeT ua .Hypxbina, ho uramuapbi yfiew- aaioT ero. hto sto Goabuioft HaiaabHHK, npHexaBiumi no BawHouy ac.iy. TefiKK HaiHHaeT 33HcxHB3Tb ncpea flypKUHOM, a b Aa-ibHCHUiesi Aaxse ot- AaeTexiy cBoero kohij, TpyAiiee npoBccTH A.'taMaHooa, KOTopuS — no Aonocy ypMHiiKa — - Towe oCpamaer BiwMaiiHe ua JlypxbiHa. AaasiaiiOB npHKa3braaeT noAHucfi- ckhm cxiiaTHTb ero. Ho uiaHuiapbi, a 3a hhmh h Apyree nocemre-iH xyMbic- Hofl, BHCiynaioT Ha cro 3ammy: Kpenno Aepwacb Apyr 3a Apyra, ohh o6pa- ayiOT csoero poAa ue.ib 11 lie noAnycxaioT no-iHuefaHx x flypxMHy. Aaa- MaHOB b iio.iHenmi hochtch no cneiie, 3areif apociHo CTpejiaeT b B03Ayx 3apy6nfi c BOtuieM naAaeT ua pyKH Apy3eft, nan 6yAto ero pantum. Boc- no.ib3onaBumcb cyMaToxofi, .Hypxbni HcraaeT, AHjiafieK n KyAHHp ymxar npHTBopHBUierocH paneiiHM 3apy6aa. A-iawanoB nepenyran h npaaerca noa paCKPblTblfl 30HIHK. Becb BTopof! aKT cnexTaHJia 3anaT o-iCACTBiieM no Aeay 06 ySiiftcTae 3apy6an, noToporo Bjiacm Tan h He hsui.m . Ha cucne noaBAaeTca lopra cyAbH, KyAa noonepeano BeAyT CBHAeieaeii. CoAepwateAt KyMuciraii Toxafi CTpaiBHO Gohtch Aonpoca. ypaAimx 3apanee HHCTanaaeT ero, nan OTBCiaib cyAbe, HTofibi oibcctii ofiBHuemie or A/iaManoBa. C xamoU yJibiGKoff Ha .mue, xpoMaa n npHimaa, haw To- xafi k K>pre cyAbH, ho ywe npH&iH3HBiiiHCb x Asepn, BApyr nycxaeica Ha- yteK. KyAHap jiobht cro, XBaiaeT nonepcx Teua h BTauKimaeT b iopry. Eme Gaiiee waAKiifl bha y Toxaa npii BHXOAe c Aonpoca. Tyr we npronaeTca oh vpHAHHKy, hto co CTpaxy nepenyraA Bee ero noAcxaaxH, Ha6oATaji Hynib. Ha Aonpoc x cyAbe npHxoAHT h can 3apy6afi, BbiaaBaa cefix 3a xaxo- ro-TO npne3wero, npHcyTCTBOBaBinero npn Bwcrpeae. Hto6h ero He y3Hn- j t u , 3apy6a8 c6p»A fiopoay a CTpaniHo nepexocan Ha cropOHy amio. 9to rpy6bifi, aHTHXyAOweCTBeHiibifl momcht b iirpe axTepa: ueAyio cueny oh Be- ast c iranpaxceimoS, coBce.ir ne cMeimioS iptmacofi Ha a Hue, pot nepexo- rneii, 6e3yMHO BHTapameHbi raa3a. CueHa 3Ta HeyGeAHieabHa: iieywe-m tot we ypnAHHX He mot ysHaTb 3apy6aa, cfipHBiuero GopoAy? Taxoft anH30.t He nywea b cnexTaxae, Tax xax oh He yrjiyfijiHer comiaAhHO-carapHHecxoro CMHCaa KOMeAHH. IlocJie OKOHianHH Aonpoca bhxoaht Ha cueHy caM cyAbH, o6pa3 koto- poro c hck.ik)(iHTe.ibHOi'i MeTxocTbio h OTTOHeHiiocTbio pucycT Ccpxe Ko- waMxy.TOD. HanumeiiHufi, rp03iiuii, noA My.iuxy uiecreyeT cyAbH no cue- He, caAHTca Ha cxaMbio, pacnsjiHB Ha ko.khhx naabubi. y Hero xpacnoc 323

o6BeipeHHoe jihuo, raxean® , HenoaeawHuft B3«raa ycrpew ea b npocrpan- ctbo. ycHKH-uiHypo'iKH 3aKpy4HBaiOTca k yniaM. Oaer oh b deauS kht&& napcKoro iHHOBHHKa c SaecTaiuHMH nyroBHuaMH, Ha roaoBe — ijiypamac KoicapaoS. IloaMHuntofl — Toacroe «aeao». OtoBa oh npoH3Hocnr pesio, pemiiTejitHO, KaK 6 u o6py6aa Kaxayio $pa3y. )Kecm cxynne, oneraaBHe. K cy ate noacaaoiBaeTCH BcipeBoxeHHuii o6bhh6hhbm AaaManoB, na- Taeics 3aao6p»Tb cypoaoro crp ax a 3bkohob. Cyaba BHaaaae cypoB c AnaMaHoBHM, a a x e He rn a an r Ha Hero, pe3KO OTBeaaeT aa Bee Bonpoca: *3aHl» — 33koh. Ho bot AaaMaHOB 3aB0aiiT pe4b 06 ynmaHHOM aepeC- ue, KOTopnii Mor 6 u oHyrHitca y cyaba, ecan aeao 6yaer npeKpamero. Cyaba cpa3y omHBaaeica, MeJiKHMH maxoiauH o6eraeT Boxpyr cneiw, ito- 5u nposepHTb, He noacayuiHBaeT a a Kio-HH6yab. Pa3roBop nparaMaer Co- aee HHTHMHbiii orreHOK, h b pe3yabTaTe cyaba aeaa er lerraii x ec r pyxoS, KaK 6yATO 3axaonHBaa KHHry; 3to 3«a4HT, aeao npcKpameaol, B3o6pas- uiHCb i:a eryji, cyaba ofosaaaeT csoe pemeHHe: aeao or.iowHTb, abiacHm, ayaa aeeaaca 3apy6afi. A-iauiopauneu h cyaba b otSHHMKy yaaaaioTca a) CUeHbl. H B3HT04HHK, H HOBKHfi npeflCTaBHIMb TOpOaCKOfi BA3CTH pa30fi.Ta- leHbi cnewaiueM a o Koima. K coHiaaeaHio, Ha stom OKammaiOTCH yaaiHue caeHbi cneicram HMeiomHe xapaarep coutia.ibHoii carapu. flaB HHTepecHyio saBH3Ky, aB-ropw ae pa3BHaa eeb ocrpoyMHoScioxenraB jihhhh. Ohh He yroaim.™, 3aaeMip- exaa flypauH Ha apMapKy, c k3khmh 3aaaHHHMH, ot koto. B asyx Mecrai uaMeKOMaaerca otbct Ha sth Bonpocu. Anaa6eK o6iac«aeT: «JlyauiHe.hojh aarnero ropoaa noaBepraioica 3a-roqeHHK>, .flypiaiH npaexaa homo® hm>~ CaM flypKUH 3aaBJiaeT BHoe: M u npHCuaH cioaa c 6aaropoaHo8 aeawo. aapoa HaerpoeH noaHaibca>.., Ho aaabme hh o 3aToaeiniux, hh o Hapoae b nbece Her aaxe h pern ilypKUH ye3*aeT b TpeTbeil Kapurne, Btinoaras 3aaaane, ho Tan h He o6mchhb 3pHreaio, a ieM xe are 3aaaH«e cocrom Tanaa 6ecnpeaMerHOCTb HypKUHa o S eam er h nbecy b iieaoM, h oC- pa3U uiaHinapoB, y hhx HeT b nbece 3Kthbhoh 3aaa4H, Her aeaH. iipawa, ohh noMoraior fly p ra n y CKpuTbcs ot AnawaHoea, ohh aocraioT euy ro­ an, oaypaMB TeSreKa. Ho sroro mmo an* ipexaKraoii nbecu. BMecro roro, ™ 6 u pa3BHB3Tb HaefiHyio ammo coiraaabHoS camps, aBropu HanoamuiH nocaeame KaprHHbi Gecc.wNcneHHUMH aypaieOTaiB maaiuapoB h HaayMaHHo komotcckhmh noaoxem uniii. 3apy6afi nuraerca cMeuiHTb 3pHie.ia, nepeoaeBaacb to b koctmmsaB- npaaer ypaaHHKa b fioabuiyio Kop3HHy. CaSpa npaier 3a xoBep asy* CB0' hx notaoHHHKOB, TeaTexa h AaaaaHoaa, TaM ohh aepyica h Bbiaaaior pacTep3aHHbie, c pa3opBaHHUMH bopothhk3mh h pyxaBaMH. Cyaba, ien-w nepenyraHHufi, roxce npaieTca, 3aBepHyamHCb b KOBep. KoHiaerca cnetcraiub H3BecTHeu, no KoanaK 6e*aji. 3a hhm fieiyr 324

h npeacraBHTeJiH craporo MHpa. Tpynna coBeTCKHX 3Kthbhctob nporonaer KX CO CUCHH. Pa3BH3K3 HHK3K Re CB333Ha C fleftCTBHeM nbeCbl, He BBJIHeT- C8 ero 33K0H0MepH!JM (VieaCTBHeM, ROOHT lUiaKaTHO-arilTSUHOHIlblii xa- paKTep. flpKHe cucHti KyanflUHCKoS HpMapKH, BHpa3HTMbHas Hrpa ^eficTByio- luhx jihr b ncpBbix KapTHHax npnBAenaAii 3Phtcah. CneKTaroib noKa3aji, Ka- KHjMH3aMeqaTeJibHWMH HcnoAHHTenflMH b n.iaHe counanbHOH carapu oCAaAaer TeaTp. Ho npiiMiiTHBHbifr flpaMaTHiecKHft Maiepwaa He na.i stum Hcno-iHH- TeJiaM bo3mo>khocth AOBecra o6pa3bt no THnH'iecKH o6o6meHHO0 H 3aoCT- peHHofl carap u Ha oct3tkh (peojaabiioro h 6yp»cya3Horo MHpa. Hecepbe3i!bi8 noAXOA k H3o6paM<eHHio hctophmcckhx co6hto0, HCKa- xceHHe HCTopHnecKoS npaBflbi o MOMetiTe ycTaHOBHemia coneTcicofi BJiaciH b Ka3axcTaHe BhUBa.'m pe3Kyio KpHraxy cneKTaxAH. IlepenenaTb nbecy as- Topn CBOCBpeMCHHo lie cyMejiH h OHa CbiJia chht3 c penepTyapa. Erne Co.iee orpaHHiena — flaxe no cpaBHCHwo c HeropHiecicoS TeMa- thkoS — Guna b nocJieBoeHHue roAH paGoTa Ka3axcxoro AKaacMHiecKO- ro TeaTpa Apawu b oGAacm HaaHOHa.ibnoro snoca. H upaMaTypra h Tearp noAXOAHJiii k anpiecKHM aoxceraM c ocTopownocThio, BU3BaHHo0 noAHura- mh, ho He pa3penieHHbiMH cnopaMH o HapoAHOcro crapHHiiux hopm. JICHOCTb B PTOT BOnpOC BHeCJIO TOAbKO coBemaHHe no BonpocaM Ka- aaxcKoro pnoca, npoBeAeHHOe b Mae 1953 roAa coBMecrao AKaseMiieii na- vk h C01030M HHcaTeaeft Ka3axcTaHa,w. IlepeA yiacniHKaMH coaemanna fiu.ia nocraiuieHa 3aaaia — ABTb npaBH.ibHVio naywyio oueHxy npoii3Be- AeKHfl pnoca Ha ocHOBe MapKCHCTCxo-AeHHHCxoA MeToaoAornH, onpeAeiraTb CTeneiib iiapoAHOCTH xawAoro H3 hhx. AlHCKyccHH na coBemaHHH BCKpuAa oiuh6kh, AonyweHHbie AHTepaty- poBeAHMH np« ouenxe CTapiiHHoro pnoca. Oahh ABrepaTypoBeAH paccMaT- pHBaAH Becb anoc c no3KUH0 eAimoro noroxa, BUAaBa.isi ero ueAHxoM 3a napOAHwfi. Apyrae BnaaaaH b npoTHConoAOWnyio Kpa0HOCTb h oGbsiBAHAH Beeb K333XCKH0 3H0C TBOpTCCTBOM CfieOAaAbHO-Gai’iCKOfi BepxyiUKH. yHncKyccHH BhiacHH.ia, ito see nosMH, oGpaGoTaHHbie paiiee aah cue- HU, — «Ko3bi-Kopncui — EaHH-Cyay*, «Ku3-}KnGeK», «AfiMaH—IIIoa- naH», «Ep-TapruH», «Ko6AaHAH», «AanaMHC» — b ocHose cBoe0 nop- mu iiapOAHue, ho b hx ueKOTopux BapnaHTax iiMemcfl HacJioenHS h hc- Ka*eHHH, npHBHeccHHbie ifeoAaAbHo-GaHCKHMii iiostqmh h 6yp*ya3Hu.MH nauHOiiaAHcraMH. ribecu, HaniicaHHbie na ocncBe pthx no3M, HMeior noA- noe npaBO Ha cueHHxecxoe uorwomeHHe, ho aoawhu Guib ounueHU or noAO^Hux HCKameHHH. CoorBeTCTByioiuafl paGora b nowieAyroniHe toau Gu.ia BunoAHeHa My- 3UKaAbHHM Tearpo.M, KOTOpu0 nepepaGoraa u BOCcraHOBHA Ha CBoe0 cue- iie onepu «Kbi3-)Kn6eK» h «Ep-TapruH». MeHee 3Xthbhum b ptom oraomeHHH oxa3aACH AxaAeMHiecKHfi rearp ApaMU. H3 Bcex (foAbKAopHO-pnHiecKHX cneKTaKAe0, uieAuiax Ha ero cue-

He, Teaip (erne flo coBemama, b (peBpaae 1953 roaa) BoccraHOBHJi cnex- T a m «Ko3u-Kopneni— EasiH-Cy.iy», Hapojwaa ocHOBa xoroporo aasoraa He flOABepraaacb cOMHeHHHM. HoByw nocranoBKjr buiimhhh M roabataT. PeatHccep yaw Hexoro- pue liejocTara iipeauayuwx cneicraKjiefi h xcnpaBM hx. Tax, HanpHMep, cnemam craa Goaee MaccoDbiM, b paae cacH nosBH.ica Hapoa — shtc- .iH ayjia, rae rocnoaCTByeT KapaGaS. OanaKO ochobhoS pewnccepciafl 3a- MueeJi Brail noctaHOBKH neaceH h cnopeii. Paaa 6ojn>me8 TeaTpa.Moeni pewiiccep noxa3aa iopty KapaGan cjihihkom xpacHBoil, GoratoB, pocKorn hok, 'ito b KopHe npoTHBopeaaT xapaKiepHCTHKe KapaGan nax cxpara, ksk HlKlIHKHHa B Ka3aXCX0MGblTV. TepMCfl OCHOBHOfi CMhlCa flpaMU, MCKOAb- kv iiMemio CKvnocrb KapaGaa Gbuia rrpiMiioS mfie-iH Eaair. 3a nepecMOTp h BOCCtaKOBaeime apyrux cbohx cnexTaxJieS ijxwiboop- iio-HCTopiivecKoro coaepwaumi («KoGjiaiiabi», «Hcaia8—MaxamGera, <Ea- .IKK—KeGexi, «AxaH-cepa—Aktokthj) TeaTp b Hcrexanie roan Tax a ae iiamica, xorx coBcmaHHe 1953 roaa b pa3BHrae HcropHqecxoa Hayxa y»e onpeAMRim oraomeHHc oGiaecTBeimocrH k CTapHHHOMy snocy h ero re- poXM. PoGocTb, iiepeiuHieabHOCTb Teaipa oGbacaaerca oGmea cxoBaaBocwo xyjibTypHofi 3KH3HHToro BpcMeHii b pe3y.ibTaTe ecyeBepHoro npewioHeioia nepca aBTopHTeraMie, nopowaeHHoro xyabTOM jihhhocth. PyxoBoairreitBie- <npa xe pema.iHci oTofim- ot maGnoiia, or npoiopeiiHHx Tpon b nocipoe- iiiiH penepiyapa, BucKa3HBarb h 3auiHiaan> cboh B3raaan Ha $o»iuiop- HO-iicropaaecKyH) TeMaraxy, oiwaaBarb csoe npaBO Ha caMOcroareMoe TBopaecTBo, Ha cMeaoe HOBaicpciBo b pa3peiueraH cnexiaraa, PyxoBoj- ctbo Goaaocb CTapux nbec H3-3a Ma.iooGociiOBaiiHoa, aeMaroraaecxoS xpa- thkh, KoropoHHexoraa noaBepraancb 3ra nbecbi. MtoGu He odaBHTb xa3axcxyio cueiiy coBcpmeiiHO 6e3 ifioabiciopao- HCTopHaecKHX cneKTaxjiea, pyxoBoacrso npeanoaao oGparaTbca x snaie- cxoMy HacaeaBK) apyrax HapoaoB, Bx.nOTim, b penepiyap nbecy Ha3nna XiiKMera «<t>apxaa a UlapHiia, Heaaauo noaBaamvioca b ueHTpaJibHOfi ne- ’laTH. Cnem-am «<J>apxaa h IUhphh>, nomambiS 3pHTe.no b (feBpaae 1955 roaa b noeraHOBxe M. Po-ibaGaaia, npoaoawaa .imuno namaiecKoS poMaHTHxa b TBopaecTBe Teaipa. 3to 6uao apxo Tearpaan30BaHHoe ape- •imne b iuiaiie boctohhoS 3K30thxh, c o6pa3aMH h cueHaMH ajuieropmecKOTO h cHMBMaieCKoro nopaaxa, c aexaaMaaaefi h naTeniKoa. B to xe Bpe- MH nocTaHOBxa *<t>apxaa a lilapaa* lie 6uaa Tax 6.ia3xa 3pnre.n0, xax •ToaHufi a aGapaxTHufi. B He.\\i Gu.th THnaiHue aaa HCTopaaecxoS ponaa- thkh HeaoctaTKH h He Gbwo THnHHHbix &ia HamioHa.TbHoro snoca HO-

ToJthKo nocne XX n apniftH oro c ie s a a , h ocodeiiHO no cae nodaH O M c- waa npeoA°aeH\"n R ynbra .ihihocth h ero noc.'iencTBHH», owHBaaacb paoora Ka3axcnoro TeaTpa a ncTopHKO-<J>oAbK.'iopHcft odaacTH. ; * e ,B ce30H 1955/56 ro.ua aa ero cueiie noHBRnacb ncTopHiecKaa meca CaOHTa MyKanoaa «MoxaH Ba.iuxaHOBs. C ocshh 1956 roaa Haaa- aacb paoora no BoeerairoR.TCimio paaa <po.ibKJropHo-KCTopii>iecKHx nbee paHbine c ycnexoM ihcauihx 11a cuene. K hx racay cthochtch: «Ehahk — Ke6eK» «AxaH-cepa — Aktoktu*, «Hcarai! — Maxa.vi6cT» b hoboA peaan- hhh, «Aii.\\;an — Lilo.waio (oapnaHr a n a ApasianmacKoro reaTpa). Haao HaacHTbca, m o ncaea 3a B03o6Hoii.iemisM craporo penepTyapa TeaTp npoHBHT mumHaraBy h b co3A3hhh hobux nbec t>a tsmbi 113 iicropHH Ka3axCKoro napoaa. Ha mothbu HauHonaabHoro snoca, Koneqiio, npRuas stum tcm3m npaBHawiyio TpaKTOBKy, nepecMOTpeB crapiuiubie npeaaima h r.oSMbi, oihcthb hx o r itacaoeiiHit 6asicKO-<jieo,ra.’ibHoro nopnaKa. PaSora SToro naaHa He aoaiKiia npeo6aaaaTb Haa cneKTamiaMH coBpcMeHHOfi t~ KaniKH. Ho h 6e3 Hee nauHoiianbHufl TeaTp He bhikuihht c° '‘\"v r'Kn- Te.ibCTB nepefl 3pnTeacM. IloBopoT KaaaxcKoro AxaaeMH'iecKoro TeaTpa k coBpeMemioft coBeT- CKOfi TeMaTHKC, coBepuiHBUinficH nocae nocTaiiOBJieHHH n aprim 0 penepTya- pe ApaManiHecKHx Tearpos, 03naiaa hc mawra i!?MCHenne penepTyapa Te­ aTpa, ho h KopeHnoS nepe.ioM b ero TBopaecicoM nyTH. CoBpeMeHHuft pe- nepTyap cTaBirn hobljc TpeOoaaHHH b oTHonieHiw aKTepcsoro MacxepcTaa- oh ne Mor Curb yaoBJieTROpKTonbHO pa3pemeH TeMH MeToaaMH nrpu, ko- Topue npeodaaaaaH b Boemibie roan. HcKanne HOBbix, donee pea.THCTii'iecuHX mctoaob nrpu ocodeHHO CKa- 3anocb b pa6oTe TeaTpa iiaa KnaccHMCCKUM penepTyapoM, pa3BepHyBmefi- c s b nocneBoemibie roau. B r o a n BofiHH KJiaccHKa 6hiAa OTCraauM yiacTKOM TBop>iecKoil ae»- TenbHOCTH TeaTpa. T oabko OAHa KaacciiiecKaa nbeca ~ «yi<pomeHHe crporTTHBofi* — d b u ia n o craB Jiena 3a nHTb neT bohhu. 3 a pycocyio icaac- cuK y b Te roA H TeaTp so o d in e He d p aa ca . 3 to dbuia oiDHdKa, xapaKTepHasr He ro.ibKo aah oahofo Ka3axcicoro AKaaeMHaecKoro TeaTpa. Kascchkoh Mano 3annMaancb bo BpeMa bohhu h Miionte apyriie nauHOHanbHue TeaTpu. Ha 3T0 aanemic odparaa BHHMaime BcecoK>3Hbifi komhtct no aeaaM HcxyccTB h caea HyacHUM af<THBH3HpoBaTb paCory reaipoB Haa pyccxofl miaccHKofi, npoBeaa b ce30He 1945/46 roaa Bcecoio3Hbifl cmotp cneKTafcaefi pyccKoS k.mcciikh. Ka3axcKH0 AKaaeMHaecimfi TeaTp BUCTymi.i aa btom CMOTpe c mecofl «PeBH3op», KOTopaa ao bohhu hcckoabko jier noapaa uwa Ha ero cueHe b nocTaHOBKe — cHaaaaa EopoBa, noroM CoKoaoBCKoro. 327

XyaoxecmHHhiM pyKOBOAHTcaeM TeaTpa b ceaoHC 1945/46 ro ja 6m IIlaKeH AftMaROB. C an oh He pemnaca BSHTbcn 3a nocraHosKy pyccKoS K-iaccHReCKOH komcahh H peamccepOM cneKTaiorH nparaacM K). JI. Pyr> KOBCKoro, xyaoJKecTBeHHoro pyKOBOflirceaH Pecnyfi.iiiKaiicKoro Teajpa one- p u h Caaera. PyTKOBCiotft He BnepBbie Bcrpeiajica c Ra3axcKHM Apanam- necKHM TeaTpoM: b 1935 roAy oh c CoabuiHM ycnexoM nocraBiia Ha na3ax- ckoh ciieue nbecy AyasoBa «TyHni capun». Oah3ko Ha a m pa3 pesuccep He Haiuea npaBHflbiioro noflxoja k ko- MejiHii iie-iiiKoro pyccxoro campHKa. Oh ne nona.i ofiaHTOreabHoro 3naie- hhh nbcchi, ho Bcxpwi ee HAeilHoro coflep»aHHii KaK moh h ocipoa carapu na HHHOBHHiecTBO h Becb np o S HHKoaaeBCKO& P occhh, HCTOAKoaaa uce npoiicxoflamee isa cueHe KaK Moweflino ouih6ok», KaK 6e3o6nflHbiH bo- flCBHHb, b KoropoMAeScTByKHUHe -uma nonaaaiOT b CMemHue, iieaenue no- ao>Ken[ia H3-3a raynocra h ipycocTH, AOBeAeiiiioS no ranepSoamecKax pa3- MCpOB. B oipopM.neHHH c n e m m h pexcnccep, h xyAOJKHRK 3 . B. Map- HOMCKH& OTKa3aaHCb OT HCTOpH'ECCKOH KOHKpeTHOCTH. MajIO TOro: OHH 33- ayMaaH CTHHH30B3Tb cn eK iao b nofl crapimy, b ayxe fiaaaraHa a aapoAao- ro ay6Ka. B TaKOM HMemio naane Bbrnoaneiibi h iiapoiHTo ycaoBHtie flora- pauuH, h BBefleHHaa b cneKTamib uy3uxa. 3anaBCC cneKTauia pacnacaH xax flyfio'iHaa KapiHHKa, Ha 3aflHHKe i!3o6pa)Ken yC3fliiufi ropofl, iaK»e b ay- Sothoh TpaKTOBKe. ZleKopaiuiH pacnojiaraiiacb Ha BpamawmeMM Kpyre» b HCKOTopbie MOMeHibi AeiicTBm HanoMimaan CBoefi neerporoH » ttaerac- TocTbio apMaporayio Kapycejib. CieHbi b flOMe ropofliiHicro 3aMeaeHH pa3- HOUBGTItblMH UIHpMaMH npKMyflAHBO H3JIOMaHHO® ijlOpMU.. M yaw canuioe ncrynaeiiHe 3Byiaao nan 3aBOAHofl opraHWK a crapaH- hom crrarefiHOM 3aBefleHHii». Bee HaSfleHHue ToroaeM KOMeflHHiiwe noao*eHHH, a ran*e B3aiwo- OTHonieHHH h nopejKHBaiiHa AeftcTByiomHx mu, noaeneHu no raneptoi- necKoro npevneaimeiiira. rHnep6ojiH3iipoB3Hbi raynoerb h trrpax ibbobhh- KOB, HX 3BHCKHB3HHe nepeA XaeCTaKOBblM, KOKBTCTBOH COnepHHqeCTBOAh- Hu AmpeeBHbi h Mapra Ahtohobhu. Cnop o h u tm x npeBpamen peraccepoM b ueayio (peeprno pa3H0- UBeTHbix rpanoK, KOTopue Man h n o w HafipacuBaae Ha ABopoBbixnwj- uiex, ctohbuihx xax MaHeKCHbi. Erne apqe pa3ropaaHCb hx cTpacra npa noBBjieHHH XaecraKOBa. flopoaBiiiHCb ao cro-ni'iHoro rocra, Man a Aoia HanepeOoS aio6e3HMaan c hhm, roTOBue Buemmcs Apyr Apyry b boxoch. Paccxa3 XaecraKOBa o IlerepBypre 6 u a nocTpoeH Ha ero cipaciBOH y-BaeneHHHcoficreeiiHHM bhmncaom h noAKpenaaaca My3UKofl, xax 6» HaaiocrpHpOBaBmea KapraHbi neTepfiyprcKoJ WH3HH. Uemp cueHbi saw- Maa orpoMHuS po30Bui AHB3H CO cnHHKofl b $opMe cepflenKa, Ha hat yronaer b 6aa«eHCTBe MaaeHbKHfi, nycrofi aeaoBeK. Bhhhuo napu spy-' * a i eMy roaoBy. floA ynoHreabHbie 3ByKHsaabca XaecraKOB KaK 6u m -

nt™ 0®flaKait* noflHHMaercH b B03jyi, icpyjKRTCH h, HaKOHen, naaaeT Ha PVkh Pa6wiencTByiomHx nepeA hhm hhhobhhkob. JKaano BnimreaioT b ce- 6h ero bhmucau Anna AHApeeBHa h Mapira AiiroHOBHa, CHAsmae Ha eryAb- nx no ooe cropoHbi AHBaHa. HaoGopoT, hhhobhiikh kok 6vato cbeatHBafor- cs, OKHMarorcH c pacuseTOM ero ipaHT33HH, yronaa b CjiajKeiicTBe XaeeraKOB h b hgtbcptom airre Ha orpoMHoft hoctcah, Bbse3*aBmefl na npamaiomeMcn Kpyre na cueny. CocTas HcnoaiiHTWieft «PeBH3opa» b ochobhom ocraacs npextHHfi, ho na paa ponefi, Haamian c rnaBiitix, 6hah Ha3iiaHenbi ay6.icpbi. ropoAHHae- ro Hrpaa b oaepeflb c KyaHbininaeBbiM Ory36aeB, Arniv AiwpeeBHV — HJa- MOBa h KofiayOaesa, XaecraKoea — KapsiucoB h Tc-ibrapaeo. ycraiiOBHBiuaaca b npewmix nocraHOBKax peaancTHaocKaa TpaicroBKa o6pa303, jKH3Heiiao npaB.xiiBaa nrpa pa30nwncb Tenepb c BbiiypHHM, na- AyMaHHhiM o^opMaeiweM, c ninep6aiii3iipoBaiiHbi.Mii MH3aHcueHaMH. JIhho cneKTawia onpeaenanocb He peanacnweCKoS Hrpoii iicnoaHHieaeii, a (pop- MaaiiCTHHecKH.M, CTHAiiaaTopcKHM aa.MbicjiOM pO/Kiiccepa. 3 tot 3aMucea oc- Ta.ica HenoHSTHbiM 3pHTenio. 3pHTeJiio HarepecHo Gliao CMorpen,, b nanoe raynoc noAOJKemie nonan ropoAKiiaHii, xoraa oh bhaca b stom ropoflidi- hcm CTaporo aHHOBiuma, Tan noxowero Ha Ka3axci<oro fioauca. Ho cthah- 30BaiiHhie hoa Jiy6oK KapTHHKir crapinibi lie CyAHJiii b iieM HHKarax smouiiS, lie ya.ieKaAH ero. CneKTaK.ib ocyAHAa h CMorpoBaa komhcchh c yaacm cM npeACTaBirre- jieft H3 Mocxbu. Komhcchh xapaKTepH30saAa cneKTaKAb ksk (popManHcm- aeCKHfl, 6e3biAefliibiP., H3BpautaBiaiifl roroaeocKyio komcahio: pew uccep PyT- KOBCKIlfi CRCJian H3 «PcBH30pa> BOACBH-Ibliufl CIleKraKAb, B KOTOPOMcrpaH- Hoe oipopM -ieim e 11 HejicnaH My3bnca MemaioT Hrpe aKtepoB. noaoHCHrejib- Hyio oueHKy komhcchh m n a K yaiibm inaeoy («coaHbifi, peajKicniaecKHfS ropOAHHanS*), KapMUCOBy (<BpaAb n o Hamano XnecTaKOB»), KowaMKyAO- B)’ («KOAOpHTHblfi 3eMAHKHKa>),M. Ha npHMepe cneKiaicaefl «Ko6AaHAbi» h «PeBH3op», Koiopue totobh- AHCb noara oAHOBpeMeiiHO, TeaTp hohha, aro aoh.vctha KpynHbie ohihOkh Ha cBoeM TBopaecKOM nyra: yB,ieKaacb penepiyapoM poMaiiTHKo-HcropHae- CKoro HAaHa h caMOAOBAeiomeS TcaipaAbHocrbio, on noTepaA KAioa k nbe- caM peaAHCTHaecKoro nAaHa. TeaTp oco3HaA, aro pouairrHaecKHS hah CTHAH30BaHHbifi noA AyfioK cneKraKAb He cnoco6cTByeT npH6.iii*eHHio k mctoabm comiaAHCTHaecKoro peaAH3Ma, aro Hyweii ApaMaTyprHaecKHS MaTepitaA npoTHBonoAowHoro xa- paKrepa, Koropbifi caM no ce6e cnocoScrBosaA 6bi nepeAo.wy b TBopaecrae, noBopoTy k cneKTaKAK) micro peaAHCTHaecKoro HanpaBAeniiH. B 3thx noHCKax roaTp, ecTecTeeHHo, o6patHA BHHManue Ha ApaMaTyp- rmo fopbKoro, Kaic nncaTeAH, yraepKAaromero npHHuanu coiwaAKCTHaecKoro. peaAH3Ma. PyKOBOACTBO Teatpa paccann>iBaAo, aro pa6oTa H3A nbecofi

Kpvro3op. Ka3axcKnH AKaaeMti'iccKHp Teatp pcrntu k AecHTiuieniio co A M CMep- th ropbKoro, b Hione 1946ropa, noCraDHTt eronbecy«Ha A«e». Budop 6ua c6ochob3h Te.M, ito npH nepexoie oi poMaHTHaecKoro penepryapa k peaaa- cTixiecKOMy npasiuibHO B3»Tb hmchho ary nbecy, «b KoropoS iiaH6«iee npoK orneaaTOK poMaimi3Ma». Tax fleioiapHpoBaji TeaTp b neqaia™. Oxnaxo laxofi aoboa stajio yfieflHTeJieH. PoMamiraamM 6ochukoS xm- mi, Koropaa 6e3yaoBHo eob b nbece «Ha ahcs, ne hmcct Hircero o6iacro v snH'iecKHM poM3HTH3MOM «Ko6,iaHflbis h apjthx cnemwieS Ka3aXCKOIO TcaTpa. IlenpaBHjibiio ycranaeaiiBarb Mexay hhmh Gjiooctb hah cpoAcroo. fla h BOo6me nenpaBiuibuo pyKOBOACTBOBarbcn b Bufiope penepiyapa iwu>- ko crH-ieBbiMH oco6eHBOCTHMH nbecbi, lie ofipamaa BHHMaHHa Ha hachho- o6pa3Hoe coAepxamie ee. Atomy TeM, H3 bccto ropbKOBCKoro TBopiecrea k.ik pa3 o6pa3U nbecu «Ha AHe> ocofieHHOaaaeioi h Merne apyrax noiwi- i'.u l\\a3axciaHy. B na3axcKoj cicth aaxe b npomaue roAU He Chino iiiiie- ro noxowero no caoeii npapoae Ha ropbKOBCKoe «aho». AKTepaw Tpyaso f>U.70 OC.MUC.lHTb 6K0rpa<j)HH ACHCTByiOlUHX JIIIH. Y 3pHTejieii 3TH 06pa3U T.1BKCHCHaXO.lMHAOAXHOrOOTKJIHKa. KoaeiHo, sto He 3HaiHT, mo m>eca «Ha jHe» BOo6me He Moser 6brrb ocyuiecTBaeHa Ka3axcKHMTeaTpoM. Be3yui0BH0, mowho nafira Taicofi noA- xoa k 3thm o6pa3aM, KOTOpui'i 3a uieAyxoft 6ura BCKpun 6b (jHuiocoipCKoe, cliuieMC-ioBMecKoe hx coAepwaiwe, aa.ieKO BbixoAaniee 3a npeAeau Aa«- HOHCpCAbl HSnOXH, KOTOpblfl BbIHBH.1 6hl BCe 60ratCTB0 HAeii, 3aA0)KeHHUX b nbece pyccKoro ApaMaiypra —3aiHHaTe.ia couiia.iHcrmecKoro peaan3- M3. flAH 3TOTOIiaAO6UA0 lie yBJieKaTbCHWHBOnHCHOCTblO.lOXMOTbCB«A«a», He npespamaTb citeHy b Kyacncauepy hvahux, erpaHHUx o6pa30B, a noxa- 3aTb, KaK CTpacTHo ropbKOBCKHe ncpconaxH Huy/T npaBAy, crapaioTca no- n<rrb, b tom cmbcjt )kh3hh, pemaioT xaxAbiS no-CBoeiny Bonpoc: «xax HeBepHu TaK*e yreepjKAeHHH HeKoropax tcopcthkob, dyjro ropbKOB- c m nbeca, .iHiueHiiaa hko6b BHeimteii ahhbmhkh, 3aBAexaTeAbHo8 hhtpb- th, He cooTBercreyer BxycaM Ka3axcKoii ayAHTopHH. Hao6opoT, K33axcxH& 3pHTeAb C SoAblUHM HHTepECOM BOCBpHHHMaeT BHeiHHe CTaTHHHble CtteHU, ec.™b hhx HMeerca BHyrpeiiHaa AHHaMHica, aKTHBHaa 6opb6a HAefl. Bcnon- hhm noAoCaue c«eau cyaa b nbecax «Ehahk—Ke6em h «A6afl», xoropbie He TOAbKO xopoino npHHHMaAHCb, HO 6biAH 0C06eHH0 AK>6UMH SpHTWieM. Bciiomhhm BexaMH noATBepwAeHiiyio AiofiOBb K33axcKoro HapoAa k aSru- caw, cocTaaaHHHM aKNHOBb ocrpofl h MeiKoP apryMeirraitHH. Her HHKaKoro coMHeHaa, mo h coAepwaiaiiiicH b nbece Fopbxoro mop, «aSTbic»: rAe naSra npaBAy, nan ocMucAHTb ue.ibcymecTBOBaHHa? — ccah 6u oh 6ua leixo buhbach, rny6oKo B3B0AH0Ban 6u h HcnoaHHieAH h 3pH-

K cojKajieHHio, TeaTp lie a o Sim c h b csoeii nocranoBicc T.iKoro r.iyfioKo- TO npOHHKHOBeilHH B CymeCTBO ropbKOBCKOii Bbecu. nocraHOBKa «Ha Aiie» fiuna nopyiena A. I'. Pmtaaio — pcxtiicccpy HeMOJiOAOMy, Miioro nopaGoraBuieMy na ncpsKpepiiftnoS cucns, ciinamncMy ce6a cneuHa.iHCTOM no ropbKoncKoii ApaMSTypnif.. PiiAanb b nupuuc roAU peBoaiomiH BcipccajicH c TopbRCiM, a b AaAb!ie3uc.M Miioro paOoTan iiba ero nbecaMH, b nacrHOcra, iiecKO.'ihKo paa CTaDH.'i «Ha ajk> na pyccKoii cuene h caM nrpa.'i b axofi nbece. Ho Ha ce8 pa3 npeAMAywnS onbiT pewacceps nocayxK.i no na mwib- 3y. PHAaab npiiHCC na KaaaxcKyio citeny roTOBKii Tpatpaper nocraiiOBKH, co3AaBuiHftca na pyccKoii cn,eiie. Oh ne nocmiTajicn c iiaiti:o!uuibHO& cnoiui- $HK0fl Kofl.aeKTUBa, lie yien , kokhm WMHeKHHM ti Ky.fbiypitwM ouhtom 06- aaAaior aKTepbi. He y Bcex HciKwiHHTeJiefi oh cv,\\ie;i paaOyaHTb c3moctoh- TOIbHOe TBopaecreo. PeiKHCCep npexpacH O npcACTaBASA ce6e bkciuk!om x apE K repiiocrb nep - conaw efi nbecbi h n o cT aiu w nepBOoqcpeAHoft aa A au c ii iiansnsaTb k.-ik a o m . aicrepy hmcuho 3Ty xapaKtepHO CTb, a a O u u a a , n o B H yipcHiian cvuuiocT b 06- pa3a HcnoAHirreJiio c u te A aJieuo He ncH srrna. H a n e p so fi jkc peneTHUBH pc- *H ccep AoGiica.iCH q-rcim a n b ec w «b o 6 p a3 a x » , noACKa3biBaa aicrepa.M ro- TOBbie HHTOHaitHH, M aH epy p e'W . T a in a e 3 ap a H ee n p eA p eu iea u Cu jih bc? MHSaHClieHbl nOCT3HOBK!l. K 3TOMV IIaAO AoOaBHTb, >ITO poKliecep, He 3S1P.H Ka3aXCKOrO H3WKa, He Bceraa noACK83UBaa HcnoAHHTenio npaBiuuiyn hhtoh3Hhio. A caM aierep we nor Bbipa3HTb nyxtHbie noAxeKciw po.in, noxoiay n o b paoore aa cto- H npeAMCIUM Ciivpn, ----- 1W. B circKraK-ie ire 6buio aucaM&ns, He Oujio i aa cueHe. BnoAHe hciio, >ito npH tTaaKxoofiii HHrrppee HAefinoe, (pH-iocoipCKoe coAepwaHHe nbecu a o 3parena He aoxoah-to.

HasSonee yaaiKbie ofipa3bi npeacraBBTeaeit ropbxoBcxoro ana cwna- jih IIlaxeH ASMauoB (CaTHH), KanaH SaaupoB (A xrep), KaMaa KapMHeoe. (BapoH). AilwaHOB xopomo nepeaaa cTpacTHoeib C arara, poMaH-roawno 6och- uecraa, caoeo6pa3Hoe fiyHTapcrco. C HCKpeHHHM yBaenemieM 3anB.iaii oh: •MenoBex — sro SBywr ropao*. KanaH BaaupoB TpaxTOBaa Atcrepa xax rpareaHfiHbiB o(5pa3 xeaoBe- xa, KOTopufl HaxoaHTca Ha Kpaio nponac™ h mojkct b aK)6o8 mombht ynacrb b Hee. HHoraa Kawerca, 6yaro oh npxMHpHACH co CBoeS cyab6o8, to cbohm npe6bJBaimeM Ha a«e; anoraa b HeM poxtaaerea npoTecr DpomB ana, h Toraa, cobccm ofie3yMeB, oh xBaiaeica 3a coaoMmixy, wofibi yaep- waTbca Ha noBepxiiocrH. KapMbico8 noaaepKHBaa, kohotho, b KapHxaTypHOM npeaoMHeHHH, apx- croKpaiH3M BapoHa, cro crpcM.ieHHe noxa3au ce6a lexoBexoM apyroro MHpa. Xoaan oh no cuene «HexcHoft», xiCMaiwoii noxoaxofi, c apHcroxpa- niiecKHMH yjKHMKBMH hhji Bopxy, tohho HararaBaa Ha pyxy nepaaixy c npopBaHHbiMH naabuaMH. B pein KapMucos B3xa 3a ofipaaen Kaia.iOBa, HcnoaHcime Koroporo cnymaa b 33iihch, oaHaxo f e era rpacrapoBaraa, nocxoabxy rpaccnpoBaHHe He cGoficreemio xa3axcxoMy xanxy. npouuioe BapoH BcnoMiraaet c ynoeiraeM, 3axae6HBaacb; hcho bhbit Bee, o new tobopht. K oxpyxcaioumM othochtch c npeneepeseraeM, aa*e- x Hacie, xoth h jxaaeer ee no-CBoeny. Ero bhboaht H3 ce6a HeaoBepae Haera k paccxa3aM o npouuioM. Topaao npoxoaiuia cueHa cnopa o «xape- tc npouworos. Hacia-BHxeH Phmob3 3jio H3aeBaerca Haa 6apoHOM, xpH- mht: «He 6buo!» Bapoii, ayn,lieb cae3ax, BbuacxHBaeTH3 pBaaoroxapMaH3’ xaxyio-TO aacaaemiyio fiy.Mawxy h OTaaaHHO Bocxaimaei: tV u r n a°- xyueHT ecn>!> Xopomo aoxoawia ao spHTejw .ix>6oBHas HHTpara, ocofiemio 833hmo- CTHomeHHH BaciuHcu co cbohm MyweM XaaHina ByxeeBa pncoBaaa Bacii.mcy Moaoaofi, xpacHBofi, xyBcreeH- nofi, CTpacraoH. O ra Bceneno yuaeaena cbohm poMaHOM c Bacbxofl Elen- xom; ocropoxuio, aio6u hhkto He ysaaea, npofiHpaercs b oahoS py6amxe b xyjiaH. B caeayioiaefi Rap-rune B aoum ca, xax pa3MpcHHUx 3Bepb, Bu6e- raer 3a HaraabeS, nopuBaacb ee raSHTb. 3 th enema apracTKa Hrpaaa c noaamiHoS CTpacTbio. _KopocTbweB-KaaxeH AabWMHHOB — TonmS, mycrpuS, eme He ap**' •'HH crapHx, co CBoeo6pa3Ho8 crapaecKH-nHcxABBOfl ManepoS pew. Oh c yBAMeiweM mnHOHHt 3a bccmh, oce opena noacMaipHBaeT, noacayrnHsaer,. thxo noafiapaacb, xax xpuca. OTaeabHae axiepcxHe y aa ia He cnacaH oaHaxo nociaHOBXy b aeaoii. CnexTaxab npoxoana bmo, 6e3aynmo, cxymo; aHaaor, <ryn> pa3ropea- uiHCb, orixTb 3aTyxaa, cnaaaa Ha HH3KHe phtmu. Xoth nocTaHOBxa *Ha aHe» h He npHHaaaejxHT x xHcay yaaiHux, tcm> 332

•se MeHee ~ G naroA apn HAefiHOMy OoraTtTBy r.b e c u — o n a c u r p a n a n o n o - JKHTMbHyio p o n b b pa3BHTHH T eaT p a, G u n a cyzuecTBeHHWM uiaroM n a ny - th k peaflH3My, noM OrJia AoGHTbCa y cn e x a b n o cn efly io m n x nocTanouKax wiaccHiecKoS a coBpeMeHaofi coBeTcxoft ApaM aTypraa. OieflyiomHM sranoM paGora Has pyccxofi K.iacciiKofl 6una nocTaaoB- xa noApsA aayx nbec A . H . OcrpoBcxoro — «TanaaTW h iiok.iohhhkio (ijieBpa.ib 1949) h «rpo3a» (M a p r 1950). Xoth h 6jm:tKan no BpeMCnn, paGo- Ta npoxoAHVia no-pa3HOMy h flana p a3 n n iH h ie pe3ynbTaTU. •T a n a irr u h now iom iH K H s e r a B an peacn ccep n i a x e ii AfiM aaoB, y * e 3a- pexoMenaoBanuiHM ceGn m iT epecuuM H nocianoBK aM H n b ec «Z1octuk nen Maia66aT», « U Ja H iiia p n ap » h A p y ra x . H o 3a OcTpoBCKoro AwM anoa B3aaca Ge3 AOcraTomroro 3iiaHHH e r o TBopaecTBa, 6 e3 rnyG oK oro noiWMaHHti stoA nbecu. O h He cy.Men p a3 in c n H T b acnonHHTensM npapoAy o6pa30B , x o to p u e hm npeacTOsino cu rp a T b : M ap rep o eB nbecw , npo8H im nanbH bix axT epon h hx nowioHHHKOB tuk h o c T a n c s nyxH M A na KOJUiexTHBa TeaTpa. H cn o n - HHTe.lH nOJIOKHTCvlbHblX o0pa3OB He UCKphIJIH BCIO TJiyGHHy nepejKHBaeMOfi hmh xpareAHH, H cnonaH T ean O T p a u aT e n b au x nepcoH anceii B uecjm b a r p y H3ahuihkho KapaxaiypH O CTb, aen p aro A H y io aa h n e p e ja iH O cTpoacK oro. «B poJiH Hermioft a nyBCTBosajra ceGa aeyBepeaao, — paccxa3biBaeT HcnoHHHTejibHnua sTofl pojui niojmaa JKaiiAapGeiiOBa. — 51 ne pacxpuBa- n a ee BayTpenHHfi Map. M a e Ka3anocb, w o no toasm a Monona ajih p o n a HeraHofl. Beab 011a— onbrrHaa axTpMca, Ha ae8 AepwHTca TeaTp>. H aefiCTBHTeAbHO, b iicno.nieHHii UIcumaB HeriiHa xa3anacb cahuikom WHO®, peGannaBofi, xpynxo®. 3a He8 erne ae ayBCTBOBanocb xtHTeflcxoro onirra, b Heft He Guno BHyTpeHiieft canu, cnocodaoft npoTHaocroaTb aaTac- xy xanHTa/iHCTHHecxoro MHpa. Apracrea nepeAana 0Any cropoHy o6pa3a Heraaofl — ee MopanbHyio iHcroTy, TporaTenbHyro npHBH3aaHOCTb k Meny30sy. Ho b Hen He owu> crpacTHofl jiioGbh k HCxyccTBy, KOTopaa noGyaaJia HerHHy coraacHTbCH Ha npeaaoweHHe BenaxaroBa. He Gun bckput a ApaMaTH3M GopbGu b nyiue HeraHofl nepea stum peuieHaeM. HaHGonee yaasea Gun b cneicraxne MenjaoB b HCnonHeHHH K » x m & CaypuxoBa. ApTiicTy yuanocb npHAarb oGpasy Gonbiuyio CTPac™ 0<^ ' n° Pub, B pesynware aero MenysoB Burjuwen He cTyAeiiTOM^KHHMtnHKOM, a nnaMeHHUM npeAcraBHTeneM peBomouHOHiioa neHOKpaTiin a i a •h h reeBHO pasoGnanaioraHM conaanbayio HecnpaBeAnimoerb,. r a n Kanmana. y CaypuxoBa-Meny30Ba ocrpufi b3mha, rnaaa MenyT m ’ £ ^ pr0 ca H03APH. O h eme coBceM mo.toa, HeonuieH, HaHBeH| XQ, 0„ l|oro Pe3o- y6e*AeHHaH. orHeHaan peib ropAoro oGnHHHTena, an \" ep6“ o H Bcew aepa, cnocoGHa AeScTBHTenbHO cMyTHTb BaKHKa a fly 63roiOB GpocHTbcn b Goft. Bsmqx nnama, saSpacuBaeMoro na nneno, y ■ae xtecr e HaAe*nocTH, a cMenoe npHroTOBneHae 333

npoHHKHcmeHRO, TporaieabHo hpoxoahah HeKoropHe cueHu Meay3o- ea c Henmoft. I t a e yxoja BeatiKaTOBa h CMeabCKoR b nepBOM aicre He­ rn ia noaxo/,HT k OKny, upoBowaeT n n u u o x on>e3waiomyio KOJiscuy. Mw-yib ee vhochtch 3a hhmh, OHa n o iw se 3aMeiaeT Meay30Ba, eft npo- thbhu ero «MeaBC*bii o6isthh». H o cropo Meay30By yaaerca o u u e n ee- BHKM3HHCM. H ern ia caflHTca Ha MBaHHHK, 3aayMBHBo onycKaer roaoBy Ha pyxv. MeaysoB, croa Ha xdjkhu, aa p a e ic a BtoeaTb ee Ha orKpoBeHHOCib, ho CKopo BCKaxtiaaer, B03MyiaeHiibiii paccKa30M 0 6ec>iecTHOM npeaaoateiiHii JlyaeGoea, craHOBiirca nocpean KOMiiaiu b no3y a rpoMKo, aawe Hapoaii- ro noA'iepKiiyro xoxoaeT. flaabiieftmiiR pa3roBop Ha MaaeiibROM AHBammte 3ByaHT cepbe3HO 11 HCKpeHHe. TporaTeabHO npoxoawaa hx caeHa npoiuawia b nocaeaneM aare. 3pin*ab noraMaer, xax chamm 6u aa hx aio6oBb, Kan Tfl*eaa aa a hhx pasayra... Meay30B h 3aKairaiBaer cneKraob, TeHbio 3a okh3mh BOiaaaa npo- xobhi noe3a. Bo3BpamaioiHHecH c neppoHa BaKHH h JlyaefioB nuTaicrrcn npoHH3HpoB8Tb Haa Meay30BbiM, ho ero CTpacmaH, pa3o6aaiHTeabHaH pe<i>> CMymaer hx, noBepraer b Tpener. C fioeBHM saaopon Ha6pacuBaer Meav- 3ob naaiu Ha naeao h yxoanr noGeaiireaeM. Hrpa Caypiraoea cooiBercrBy- er coBpeMeiiHofi TpaKTOBKe TBOpaecraa OcrpOBCKoro, nan npeaB03BecniHK,i nofieau CBera naj TCMHbiMuapcniOM. 3HawreabH0 caa6ee noayiHAiicb b cnem-aiuie ocraabHue anna. Poab BeaHKaTOBa Hcnomwa ca,\\inocranoBiaHK cneirraKaii IDaKeH AS- MaHOB. O h npaBHabHO nocrynHa, He BHiBHraa aror o6pa3 Ha nepeuft naaH, H36eran atoOoBaiiHH BeaHKaTOBUM, iro HHoraa cayaaercs b nocra- itoBKax nepiKpepm'iHux TearpoB. Ha btot pa3 HcnoaHHTeab enaa b apyryio KpaflHocrb: BeaHKaroB AflMaHoea HeaocraTOMHo apox, He nocraBaeH same ocraabiiux npeacTaBHreaea 6yp«ya3iioro Miipa, noHBasioiaHXCS b nbece. HeaocraTO'iHO BbiaBaeHa ero hpohhh k cbohm conepuHKaM — Bammy 11 flyaefioBy. He BCKpu-ra h ero 3aHirrepecoBaHHocrb HermioS: Koraa bo bto- poM aKTe aHTpenpenep ofoaRAHer, aro nparaacar Ha ee Mecroapyryio aicr- pHcy, BeaiiKaroBirepearHpyer Ha are, oh 3aHar b tot momcht oTHynopraa- H«eM CyTbiaKH. He npoH3BoaHT jaiwiioro 3(jn}>eKTa h ero 3aaBaeaae 0 no- KynKe 6ene(pnca. /lyauie bccto ofipncoBaHhi othouichuh BeaHKaTOBa c flow- hoS rianreaeeBHOH, ero «yBa*HTeabHoe» ofipamemie k HeS, noaaepKayraa noarirreabHOCTb np» noaHomeiiHH naarea. ripHHHjKeH o6pa3 Hapoaosa b HcnoaHemm KanaHa BaaupoBa. Oh H3- aHiuiiecyeTaire; Her b lien 6aarorOBettoorooraomeHHa k HCKycroy, npeicao HeHHa nepea TaaaiiTOM HerimoB. He iiauiaa npaBHabHofl xapaKrepiiCTHKH aa a ofipa3a J omhm IlaKTeae- eBHa apTHcrea Paxiia KoSiySaena. OHa aepaw r ce6a ByawapHO, cahuhkW noaiepKiiitacT waaKocib J omhu IlaiiTeaecBHbi k acHbraxi: B3HB y BeaHKa­ TOBa aeHbra 3a 6eHe$ac, waaHo npaieT hx, iiotom eme pa3 aocTaeT h ne- pecaHruBaeT, cahidkom HeiepneaHBO ownaaeT noaapra ot BeaHKaTOBa, aa-

»te HAeT cjicaom 3a hhm k CBepncv. IIpmiHB caepxoK, ho cpa3v d<i3rt« jp- ero: TOAbKO nooie yxoAa BeAHKaxoca AioSvexcs nwTOov P V P B«»K,TOn. » „ McKpeiiHe m n m m ■■ sepii, TporarejibiihiM b3m h a o m c m o tphx Ka Koe, Mymaer nnc;.\\io V it- - AhixaHHe. 3aecb HCKpCHHocxb aKxpncr-.i noGeAHAa HaBH3«HB0c rfBeb/xriX CMeuiHTb ny&AHKy. Hpii ynoMHHaroni o AeOeAHX OHa rax Bbipaaiiro.ibHO b3,v j - xaex, <ito no sa.iy npouocirrcsi ry.i OAoOpeHHa. Ho b Apyriix Mecrax aicrpnca HeyMecrao npnoeraex k KOMii3My I5u> HyBumcb H3 Teaipa, ona cahiiskom cxapaxeASKo o6»;axiiBaeTca ticepo.u H nepBOM aKTe r.va nero-xo nnAaeT co cxy.ia, a b isocAeAHeM Gexwx n Baron cbh3koR GvGahkor ii towc naAaeT, cnoxx.'iyBUistcb o 'icmoaoh. Taniie 6a.ia- raHHbie bmxoakh KcnoAHiixcAbusmbt toabko yzorjuui ot cymecxB.i rtbcci-! M um um c KapiixarypHbiMii noAyiHAiicb o6pa:tbi BaKHiia k ily.aeSoria. .7eGoB-Araii6oK JKoAyMoexoB BbiTAHACA Hanemeunbiji, BaiKHtrs:'. yrpnpon: ■ ho raynbiM. I l a rc .io n c y i ic ro cuen iH o R , n u a iH u fi, no iT ii KnoyncKisf! rrapiiK. a a KoropoM oab3 yM eutacT cn MaaeiibKiui imahhap. H e.-ieno T o p iaT iia ahuo ycu-crpcAKH. Bo3.\\iyuicinie Jly A co o E n otk;icom H ersm oR o t hoboR KBapTiipu uhipawaeTCH npHMO-TBKii GaaaraH H biM hhckom si BepemaHHeM. BaKHit-KaAKen AAbiAbnsiHos noxoar He na Bawnoro ■uiHOBHHKa, a CKopoc sia MeAKoro Toproana c oAywioBaTHM .whom nbSHHiibi, c KpacsibiM nopocr.'ii.- hmhocom. AKrtp yTpsiposiiiHHO nepeAana.i ero narAbifi CMex, ero Haxaabiioci!. b oGpameHHH c JJy.ie6oBbiM: siacMexasicb Haa ero HeyAaneii c HeniHoft. Da xhh noKpoBsire-ibcTueiino noxAonwBaeT ero no sureiy, BynwapHo o6mi\\iao, 3a cnHiiy. HacTomuefi muTpeiiHeii jkh3hh b stiix o6pa3ax ne Gnao, OTcyTCTBOsa- aa peaxuHH Ha nposicxoAAmee BOKpyr. H3-3a HeAocTaroiHoro 3H3HHH Garra si oCirraHOBKH toR anoxw b cneKxaK- • Ae — BonpeKH boac pewHccepa h KOAAeKTHBa — 0Ka3aA0Cb mhoto noApoG- HOCTefl, 3aHMCTB0BaHHblX H3 Ka3aXCK0ii JKH3HH. HanpHMep, COBCeM B xa- saxcKOM Ayxe BeAic ceGrr Tparmc si Bacn b Aowe HersmoR, Koraa riocAc toc- ra HpHKAaAbiBaAH k ryfiaM iioaoa nAaTbH caMoft HernHoii h .Homum llaiiTo- aeeBiiu. Ka3axcKHe HHTOHamui 3ByiaAH b B03rAace JXomia naiiTMeeoiibi- KofliyGaeBOH «ofinbipMafl> h a h b npnniTaiiHsix pa303AeHicoro .UyAoGoBa. TaKHe ccABHrsi* b HauHOHaAbHbiR koaopht AonyCTHMhi, ccaii ohh no- MoraiOT TeaTpy npH6AH3iixb cneaxaHAb k CBOeMy 3pHTeAio. Ho na sxox p.i. Taxoe nnnfiASDKeHHe no ynaAocb, oOpaaH «TaAaiiroB h iiokaohhhkob* n- ct3ah 6jiH3KHMH HamioimAbHOMy 3pHxe.no. Ha cuckc xcaxpa cnokx, . aoaxo He yAepwaacH. Boaee 3!iaiHTeAbHoro HAefiKo-xyAOwecmeHiioro ypOBHH AocuirAa cao- Ayiomasi nocxaHOBKa pyccKOii KAaccsiKii: «rpo38»\"\". PesKiicccpoM cne;c- laicAH GbiA onbrrHUH xeaxpaAhHHH paGoTiisiK E. T. MapKOBa, necKOJibKo aex ao axoro nAOAOXBopno paOoxaBinasi b CeBepo-OcerHiscKOM HaniioHaAb-

hom reaTpe, 3apeKOMeHflOBaBniaa ceffa 3«ecb He twimco HHTepecHtm pesac- cepoM-nociaHOBiUHKOM, no h BHHMaiejibHbiM, BAyMiHBUM neaaroroi*. noaoGno BopoBy b ero paGore naa «PeBH3opoM»MapKOBa cepbe3Bono- nouuia k nocTanoBKe, oSmchhm HcnoaHHTeJiHM xapaicrep 9noxn h ycaoBM !ku3hh Toro BpesieHH, pacKpuBa.ia iiaeunoe coaepwaHae iibecu, hob OTxrae or BopoBa Ha penemiuisix ona npeaocraBAfuia amepaM cso6oay rBopiccrai HOHCKOB, He HaBffiblBa.ia rOTOBbIXXapaKTepHCTHK. IloMor aKTepaM hohsto odpa3bi h rpHMep c n e m ao n C. H. TycbROB, npexpacuo 3HaKOMbiA c TBopaecTBOM OcTpoecKoro eine no CBOeS npeame- CTByiomefl paGore b Mockobckom XyaowecrBeiiHOM Teaipe. Xyaoxana cneKTaKJia B. ronyGomm nepeaan b aempaimax cnuib snoxa h xapaxwp pyccKOH npnpoAbi: Bonry, 3Be3AHoe HeGo, rpo3y. HaeAiioe coaepsame nbecu b cneicraKae BCKpbiTO npaBHJibHO. B Hen Bupa3HTeabHo oxapaxTepH30BaH ayniHuS, tcmhhA 6ur ropoaa Ka.THROBa c ero aowbio, xamKeereoM, caMoaypcTBOM; noKa3ana Baacm aeseKHoro MeiHKa. Bnpa3HTeflbH0 nporaBonocraBJieHa TeMHOHy aapcrey Karepma c ee HHCTHHXTHBHOii HtajKAOft CBeTa, CB060AN, npocropa... CueHiiaecKoe pa3peuieiiiie «rp03u», stoA caoxHeAmeA Tpareana Oct- pOBCKOro, BO MHOrOM 33BHCHT OT HCHOAHeHHfl OCHOBHOA pOOT KaTepHHbl. XaaHma ByxceBa, HrpaBiuaa KaTepHHy Ha Ka3axcieoA caeHe, iiaiwa Bep- Hbie q ep ra ajih o6phcobkh ee BHeinHoCTH; naaBHoerb pew , Heropoiwmocn iBHjKeHHfi aeaaaH ee whoA h oGasrreabHoA. ripaBHAbHa 6u aa h TpaxroBsa xapaxrepa K a ie p m u nax oaapeHHoA, npaBaoaio6HBoA aceHiaHHu, xoropaa jhoGht jKH3Hb, Kpacoiy, npHpoay, He MoweT npHMHpHibca c no * ™ h yroa- HHaeCTBOM, uapaiuHM b ceMbe KaGaHoeux. ApracTica noaiepKimajia b o6pa3e He CTpaaaHiia KaTepHHbi, a HeaoBoabCTBo xraHbio, crpeMneHHe BbipBawa H3 TeMHoro 6bira k CBexy, p aaocra. PoMaHTHxy o0pa3a KarepHHbi, ee CBoGoaoaioGHe xopomo nepeaasaa aiiaaor c BapBapoA b nepBOM aeAcrBHH, paccna3 0 xeaaaBx noaeien KaK irrima. B sror momcht KaTepraa ctoht ea npnropKe Bunie BapBapn B3raaa ee oGpameH bbhcb, Ha 6aaicoH Tearpa, b TeMHOTy, rae aerxo - no oGiHCHeHHio apTHCTKH — HacpaoTa3Hp,OBaTb cede yroaox caacrbx, cbb- ra, paaociHbix chob. 3pHTeab Biiaea, ito mhcjih KarepHHbi ecaea aa ee B3raaaoM vhochtcb aaaexo 3a npeaeaa onpyaaiomero, ee yBaexaer Mena 0 apyroM nape — 0 Mape cbcm h paaocm. AKTHBHoro nporecra npornB niena KaGaHHXH b nrpe apmcTHH ae 6b- Jio. KaTepana oGpaiaaeTCa co cnexpoBbio BiieniHe nowHreabHO. Ho nocie- neaHO b neA see G m rn e Ha3peoaeT BHyrpeHHHA nporecr npornB nopaflKOB, ycraHOBaeHHbix b aone. Kpyineme aoHOCTpoeBCKHx Hanaa HaqraaercH b caeHe c u m o H . Bb- pasHTeaMo nepeaaBaaa apmcrea BiiyTpeHHioio 6opb6y KarepHHbi. Oaa to roTOBa GpocitTb kjuo% xax Gyaro 011 * * e r ee pyaa, to onnn> XBaraer a 336

npiwM M acT e r o k rpyAH. JKenaHHe yBH/teTh B o p n ca n o fiex A aer Bee coMHe- hhh — .nofioBb n o G e x a a e r crp a x . C apaMarasMOM 6oaw uoii chjih npoBoaana apTHcrea cueny npii3naima b CBoe.M rp e x e . noA H m iaa ronoB y, K arep m ra B apyr s a u e i a e r K apnw y recH- h m oraeKHoft Ha crreHe. Eft craiiOBUTca ra x crp aiim o , m o , n o B u p ax eiim o apracTKH, « A a x e MypaniKH n o cnnHe noa3 y r» . EcrecTBeHHo BupbraaeTcs KpnK, h OHa OpocaeT ca b H o rn k TnxoHy. «riocae 3Toft c u e n u , — paccKa3UBaeT apT H cnta, — mhc xoienocb co- xpaHHTb HacTpoeiiHe ao nocjieaH cro a m , n e pacTepan, ero b ampaKTe. 3 n c e ra a npocnna no B03M0XH0CTH coxpaTHTb ain-paicr, a caMa xoAiina no cu e n e, hh c KeM hc pa3rosapH B aa». C BopHCOM K aTepnHa BCTpeqaerca cosceM pa36HTaa, n o y Hec hct aa - x e MbicaH Bo3BpaTHrbca b aOM KaSaHHxn. / I n a a o r c EopncoM npoxoAHA B3B0AH0BBHH0, TpOra.l 3pHTejIH. [loCJieaHHH MOHOAOT apTHCTKa ripOHUHOCHJia co6paHHO, c r.iyCoKHM nyBCTBOM, Kan 6u ycTpeMHB B3op b ray6b CBoeii ay- uih. rioTOM MeaaeHHo, Tnxeno yxoAnaa co cuenu. TH er TeMHoro napcTBa Bbipa3HTeflbHo nepeaanH b c n e m a n e Ca6npa MafiKuHOBa (K afiau n x a ) h )K a ra a Ory36aeB (AhkoB). 0 6 p a 3 KaOaHHXH K a3 aac a apracTKe noHarabiM, nocKoabKy a b xa3ax- ckom C arry BCTpenanHCb no ao S u b ie crapyxH. B co3A8Hiiom o6pa3e ayiiCTBo- B aa acb cn n a , AaBamaa n HeoTBparaMaa. Kafiairaxa-M aftKaiiOBa ~ x m p aa , 3 jiaa, rpo3Haa h xecTOKaa. y a a a n o naftneHa BHenwocTb KafiamixH, pa3ro- BOp Ha HH3KHX, IIOHTH 6aC0BblX peTHCTpaX, BOpajlHBOCTb, HHOrfla rp03Hbte EOCKAHHaHHH. B H rp e O rysS aeB a He 6buio KOHHSMa. 3 thm a r p a e ro pe3KO owiHaa- jracb ot iirpu AabMbiHHOBa h JKonyxiCeTOBa b p o a a x Baulina h JlyneCoBa. JXHKOh n oK a3an i<aK ty n o ft, y n p aiau ft, HeoTecamibifi, aaoft h caMoyBepeH- iibiB caM o ay p , boakom CM orpamiifi n a Bcex, xpoMe KaCaHHxn, h ocoGchho rp y g o oOpbiBawnuifi oKpuaaMH cB oero nneMBHHHKa B opnca. H rpaa poab THxoHa, Waxen ABManoB nocraBHn ce6e 3aAaiy noKa3aTb noAAHHHyro TpareAwo Maneiibxoro, poCxoro, 3a6HToro aenoBexa, 3aAaBaeH- Horo THCK3MHTeMHOID Gblia. THXOH — XOpOUJHfl, MarKHfi BaaOBeK, CAOGpbIM cepaHCM. Oh Jiynnc MaTepn h cecTpbi, ho He HMeeT can CopoTbca c 3bto* pHTeTOM MaTepn. Ero 6e3B0AHe, cna6ocrb CKa3bieaaHCb h b HeyBepeHHOft, uiaraiomeftCH noxoAxe, h b nnaxcHBoft MaHepe peiH. Thxoh rnyfioxo jhoCht KarepHHy, thhctch k Heft, xax k eAHHCTBeHHo- My cBcrnouy npo6necxy b xh3iih. Koraa KaCamixa npHKa3biBaeT Thxo- Hy nepeA orbe3A0M m a n HacraMeHne Karepmce, tot noBTopaer cnona MaTepH HexoTH, MexaHHiecKH, a Ha caMOM Aene ®o6ht h xaneer xeHy. 3pnTeJib HHorAa CHeanca HaA Thxohom, KorAa Man. KOMaHAoaana hm hah Koraa Thxoh b nocneAHCM AeftcTBHH npHxoAHA k KyAHriiny cHAbHO bu- nHBiuHft; ho b to * e BpeMa apHTenb xanen ero, noHHMan ApaMy 3a6Hroro qeAOBexa. 22-M 337

IIpeKpacHo nepenanaji aicrep B3pbiB npOTecra npoTHB TapaiiHH Ka6a- 1IHXH npH H3BCCTHH o CMepTH wemi. C BoiuieM OTHamas fipocaeira Thxoii k AewameA Ha aeM.ie KaTepiwc, cranoRHTCii iia xoAemi p »aom c Hefi, aojito cMorpHT b jihuo. MaTb cypoBO npiiKa3UBaer: «BcTaiib!» Ho b stot Kioviem, nepBUft pa3 b wh3hh, Thxoii bhxoaht H3-iioa B.iacTH MaTepH, c chaoA or- HaHHHH 6pocaCT efi: «Bh BHHOBaiu!> MaTb cypoBbm oxpHKOM npepmaeT ero, ho Thxoh eme pa3 bo bcio CMy, ropm o, HCKpeHHe nooTopaer rpo3Hoe ofijimeiiHe: «B u bhhob3tu!>, h xax pefieHox, co CAe3aiiH, n aja er aa ipyn HCBHhl. Kax CaypbixoB b o6pa3e M«iy30Ba noaiepKHBaji raeBHuA nporeer npoTHB 3acH.iba AeHewHoro MCiuxa, Tax h AfiMaHOB b odpa3e THxoHa bum- aha SyHiapcTBO npoTHB 3aCHJiha TeMHoro iiapcrea, npoTHB raera Kadam- xh. «Hto CyjeT ,ia.ibine c Thxohom, — roBOpHTAAMamiB, — aBiop He no- KasbiBaer. Ho MHe xoTenocb HaMenHyn. 3pHTemo Ha B03MOXRocn. nepe- ;i0Ma b ero cyabfie: mowct 6ttn> oh nopBer c aomom, yfiAOT ot KadaHim, xax ynua BapBapa*. Taxoe we dymapcTBo npoTHB raeia Kadam™ cKa3UBa.iocb b iirpe XaAimiH XHenxyAOBOH, xoiopaa, arpaa pwib BapBapu, noj'iepxHBaaa ee CBoeBOJiae, CBoenpaBHe. B 3tom o6pa3e ayBCTBOBa.iacb iieo6y3jaHHaa mojio- nan CHAa, xoth h Heoco3KaHHaa, no opraHiiaecnii He cnocoCiiaa noAHOTib- ca MaTepHHcxofl BAacra. ApTHCTxy Aawe ynpexaAH, hto nopoA ona Aepswr- ca cahuikom cbo6oaho b npHcyiCTBHH KadaiwxH, xax dyATO He odpamaer Ha Hee AociaToaHoro BHHMainm. ByHTapCTBO npoTHB ra era TeMHoro d u ra , xoropoe noAaepKHBaAH Cay- pUKOB-MeayaoB h AAMaHOB-TaxoH, nopbre x CBoCoAe, x BOAbHoA wh3hh, xo- TopuA avBCTBOBaAca b arp e ByKeeBoA-KarepHHU h BapBapH-JKHexxyxo- boA, —npHAaBaAH sthm cnexTaxABM pyccxofi xAaccHKii ocodnA xoaopxT, CBoeo6pa3Hyio iiaiuionaAbHyio cneiunfiHKy. HcnoAiwTeAHMxoTeAocb HaflrHa AeAcrayioHiHx Anuax OcrpoBcxoro Taxyio we cany npoiecTa, xaxyio ohbomy- maAH b Kefiexe h Ehahx hah b AxaHe h Aktokth. ripocAeiKHRaa nyn. Ka3axcxoro TeaTpa b obabachha pyccxoA xxaccx- xoA b nocAeBoeHHue toau—or «Pe8H3opa» (1945) no «Tpo3hi» (1950),— a Taxwe cpasmmaii 3Ty noctanoBKy co cnexraxAeM «He Bee xory MacaeHH- ua» (1940), mu HecoMHeHiio AOAJKiibi OTMeniTb ero orpoMHuA xyaowecr- BemibiA oocT. «He Bee xoiy MacAemma? h Aawe «TaAaCThi h noKAOHHXXB> AonycxaAH iiaHBiiyio, npHMHTHBHyio xapiixaTypHOCTb, nopoA 33Ckokh b xa- 3axcxHA fibn, npoHcrexaBUiHe ot HeAocraToiHoro 3Haimn anoxH. «rpo3a>-- BnoAHe 3peAaa nocraHOBKa pyccxoA KAaccHKH, cneicraKAb, pacxpuBaioniHX HAeAnoe SoraTCTBO nbecu, ho BMecTe c ieM He TepmoiiuiA nauHOHaAMoro KOAOpHTa. . riepeMena xyAOwecraeHHOro pyxoBOACTBa—B03BpameHHe b Tear? M. H. ToAbafiAaTa—6uAa 03HanenoBaHa ynaHHUM cnexTaxAeM 3anaiHoS KAacciixH: «CxynoA» MoAbepa, nocraBAeHHbiA b HiOHe 1951 roAa-Ayxmafl

nocTanoBKa M . PoabaG naTa n o c a e e r o B03npameHHH b Ka3axcxHfi TeaTp>«. H a 3tot p a 3 p e x n c c e p y y a a n o c b y o jie'ib xojiJiexTHB cbohm 3aMucaoM h cob- MeCTHUMH yCHflHHMH C03AaTb CnCKTaOb GOJIbUIOfi Hfleftnoft UaCbimeHHOCTH, coKpyuiHTejibHO p asoC aaaaioiuH fi 6 y p ay a 3 H o e oGiikctbo, ero iipcKaonemio n ep ea 30aotom, n o ro in o 3 a aeH braM ii, K o ro p u e pa3Jiarai0T ceinbio, n o p o x - aaxxr B p a * a y M cx ay OTuaMH h aerbM H, nacHBOCTb 0 n p o aax H o crb . B pojiH P a p n a ro iia KaM an KapMbicoB pa3B epnyji bo bcio mouu> CBoe cueHHiecKoe aa p o B aim e . Oh cyMen noKa3aTb tot crp an iH u S n p e a e a , rp a- HHiaiuHfi c noMeuiaTeabCTBOM, a o x o ro p o ro aoboaht n en o sex a cKynocTb: TapnaroH y x e He x03shh cbohx xaniiTaaoB , a, naoG o p ar, paG aeHer, np«- HOCHIUHH HM B XepTBy CBOK) }KH3Hb H CiaCTbe CBOHX fleTefl. H r p a KapMbl- coBa B H aia ae o c rp o carapHaHa, ho b Koime aoxoaht no ypoBHa TpareaHH. _Aicrep MeTKO onpeaeawi BueiuHioio xapaicrepHoCTb TapnaroHa. To- iuhh, — HeaapOM oh bkohomht Ha nosapax, — Becb xax 6ynTo oGaesjibifi, noaHHaBiimii, nowwiaeTca oh nepea 3pHTeaeM. y Hero rnyGoxo 3anaBinHe raa3a 6e3 GpoBeii, GecnoxofiHo GeraiowHe no cueHe, Gojibuiofi poT 6e3 ycos, roabKO ceaaa Gopoaxa KaHHHUiKOM, 6aeaHue rvGw, 3Jioft ocxan 3y6oB, Gojib- uiaa aucHHa, BOKpyr Hee — xiHaeHbKiie ceaoBaTbie Boaocw, Topaanme xax nawifl b pa3iibie ctoponu, Gwcrphie, cyeTJWBbie nBHweHHii. fiaabiuj bcc BpeMH HepBHO HieBeaaTca, Kan Gyaro nepeGapaioT hto-to nan caHTaioT aenbrH. HHoraa b pyxax— Toacraa naaKa, Ha KOTopyio oh Taweao ohh- paerca. K coGeceaniixy TapnaroH noaxoanr, neperHyBWHCb nonoaaM, py- kh 3aaoa<eHU 3a cnHHy, cmotpht Ha Hero CHH3y BBepx, 3aaHpaa roaoBy. PewHccep Tax crpoHa cneKTamib, htoGm no Havana aeficTBHa pacKpura spHTeaio ocHOBHyra qepiy rapnarona — crpacTb k aeHbra.w, 3aHaBec eme BaKpbiT. ToabKO b cepeanne ero Bapyr ocaeinaeTca npope3-MeaaabOH, h 3a Mapaefl 3pHTeab fmaht yroaox 3a6poineiiHoro caaa. y nepeea chaht Tapna- roH h nepecqHTbiBaeT acHbra, Hacjiaxaaacb hx sbohom. Psaom ctoht no- naTa, htoGh rnyGxe saxonaTb HixaTynxy. Tyr x e — co6axa, BepHuii cm- p o x COKpOBHlU h xnaAOB. 3 r a HHTepMeflHH b Meaaaboiie ofibacimer 3pHTcaio TpeBory TapnaroHa: xaK 6bi kto He noacMOTpea, He yicpan cnpsrraiiHyio inxaTy-mcy. Paccna3bi- Baer PapiiaroH 0 wxaTy.iKe, ctoh n a aBaiicuene, iianpaMnsi cnoea npnsio b 3pHTejibiiuS 3aa. Bapyr oh 3aMe>iaer npHcyrcTBHe aeTeii. H a aaiie Tap- naroiia-KapMbicoBa oTpawaeTCH CTpax, TpeBOra, 3aTeM XHTpoe xeaaHHe onposepruyTb coGcTBeHHbie c.iOBa. B wo.TiaHHH, c bhaom 3aroBopmHxa noa- xpaabiBaeTca oh k 9 .n i3 e h Ba.iepy, naxoaamHMca HaBepxy b Oeceaxe, py^ kh 3aaoxeHbi 3a cnHHy, na/ibubi iiepBHo uieneaaTca. P ex H e cep noaiepKHBaer, ’ito cxynocrb Tapnarona, x a x pxaBHHHa, pa3i>eaaer Becb aom ero h bck> ceMb.u K o raa-T o aoM h c a a PapnaroHa BHr-iaaean xpacHBO h GoraTo, ho tc- nepb n a BceM rHerymaa neqaTb cx y n o cra h 3a6pouieHHOCTH, Geceaxa b ca'• 339

Ay h noflBOflsumie k Heft .tccthhiw pa3BaaHBaiOTCH, otOhth KycKH kwiobh, lUTyxaTypKa oOcunaaacb, crarvn Ha xayMOax norpecxaaHCb. CKa3binaerca cKynocTt Fapnarona 11 Ha atoaax, oxpyxaionoix ero. Ba- aep —ABopcuKHft TapnaroHa —xHTep h mbopotahb. KaaseH AflbnbXHHOB, iicnoflHHTe.'ib poan Baaepa, npHflaer eMy Marane, iinpa/iiHBbie flBHSteHHa, aoBKocTb b oCxojKfleiiHK. riepea rapnaronoM Ba/iep pa3urphiBaeT npeaaB- Horo cjiyry, bo bccm noaaepxHBaeT ero, noaaaKHBaer cmv, HRorja noBto- pfla b tohhocth ero xecra u hhtohbqhh. Ho 3a CHHiioft xo3BHHa Baaep CMe- ctch Haa hhm, iwob cro oOM0Hyn>. B pa3roBope c 9ak3oS, Ha xoropoft oh HaMepeii xeHHTbca, Baaep aaxe pa.iurpuBaeT Hefioabiuyio nairroMHxy, HMHTHpya CTapiecKyio noxoaxy h pew> TapnaroHa. Cyaa no BHeinHocn, Baaep CTapiue 9.ih3u —naoraafl ijiHrypa, rycmie, nyuraciue yen aeiose- xa 3peaux aeT. 3aH3a, aoab TapnaroHa, no TpaxTOBKe XaaHHiH ByxeeBoft—aeBytnto, npouieauiaa uiKoay npHTBopcTBa, Ona KOKei.iHBa, jKeMatma, npH Bcrpenec BaaepOM yrpupoBaHHO pa3urpuBaeT aK)6oBb, conpoBOxaaa arpy npeyBe- ameHHbiMH «axaMH» h «oxaMH», onepHHMHwecraMH h 3aKaTbraaHHeMr m B apyrofi cuene OHa npHTBopHO naaneT, OToObi pa3*aao6HTb oma. Ho Bee Ke 3pHTeab coayBCTByer 9ait3e xax ffiepree rapnaroHOBCuoro aecnoTH3Ma h xaflHOcra, coayBciByeree Opaxyc Baaepow, HeBHHKaa, aeaar ah b ocuoBe aroro Opaxa rayOoxaa aiofioBb hah MepKaHnuibHufl pacaeraoB- Koto aBopeuKoro. . E w e Otwibiue co'tyBCTByeT 3pnieab K aeam y — cutty TapnaroHa, poai KOToporo HcnOvtHHCT KaabiK CaypuKOB. BhcokhS h xpacmbifi, c tohkhmk VCHKaMH, flaHHHblMH pOCKOUIHblMH KyflpHMH, KfleaHT yWe CBOeft BHetH- nocTbio npHBaeKaeT cepana. IlpHaaBaa o0pa3y reMnepaMeHT, noBKoerb, lOHtuecTBO, axiep Kan Obi onpaBAUBaeT CBoero repoa; oOpaweHtte k pocioB- m«Ky b Haaewae Ha cKopyio CMepm om a, xpaw a niKaTyaxH —no ipax- TOBKe CaypbtKOBa — roabKo caeacrBHe aereoMbicaHH, npoaeant Hoapaocrn, a He npH3H3K yxopettHBrneroctt nopoxa. ropttwtocTb, HCxpeHnocib, c koto- poft Kaeatrr oicTaHBaei cBoe npaBo Ha atoOoBb, noaxpertaaeT Taxyto ipax- TOBxy, aaeT ocHOBamte ayMarb, hto Kaeatrr no cymecrey Henaoxoft totto- ma, h roabKo cxynoCTb o rna ToaxaeT ero Ha ny n . npecTyraux yaoBOX. riepBbifl pasroBop TapnaroHa c aen>MH HawmaeTctt b noanepHtyw- HflHaamecKHX Tonax. TapnaroH coahaho ycatKHBaercs Ha exaubto, Kaeasi h 9aH3a tipHcaaotBaioicH no cropoMM, tcaaayr roaoBbt eMy Ha xoaeHH. ynoMHHaHHe o MapnaHHe p o x a a e r OaaxeHHyio yabtfixy Ha attne Kae- am a . C npH3HareabHocrbto cmotpht oh Ha om a, yBepemtuft b tom, wo xe- aaHHH hx coBnaan. TeM Ooabtuee noTpHcemte HcnbtTUBaeT KaeaHT, cauma, EapnaroH caM ayMaeT werntm ea Ha Mao»aHHe: oh nyn. He naaaer b oOMopox, npHtercst 3a cnHtty o m a, woOu He Bbtaatb ceOa. Bypno npoxoflHT flHaaor TapnaroHa c 9flH3oft. Ha TpeOoBaHHe ora* BbiSnt 3aM y* 3a AnceabMa 9aH3a oTBenaer HacMeuiaHBbiMH peBepaHcam

h peuiHTejibHHM otk33om. HanpacHo npecneuyer ee oieu no mocthkom h 6a- aiocTpa^aM caaa, CTyna na.ixoii no seMne h ccpahto rpo3H pyxofi: 3nii3a KanpH3iio KpiraiT «HeT» h BcxjninuBaeT, npHKpbmasi rna3a nnaraoM. Xopoiuo nepenaer AAbinbiiiHOB 3aTpyAiniTenbHoe no.iowemie, b koto- poe nona^aer Banep b cneayiomeft cuene. ripn Bbixoae Banep nwraerca yraxoMHpHTb pacxoAHBUierocn CTapiixa, yoepna, m o oh bo bccm upan. Ho ycauinaB Tpe6oBaHHe TapnaroHa BbiAatb 3 .ih3v saMyx 3a AHcenbsia, oiue- .TOMJieHHO CaAHTCH H3 CKa.MblO H ABBHrCfl KaUiACM. 3HaxaMii mjTfleTCH OH ycnoxoHTb 3aH3y h b to we BpeMH yroAJiHBO noAAaiuiBaeT CTapiixy. «Be3 npHAanoro*, — iiecxoAbKo pa3 noBTopner TapnaroH, xax 6bi BAanGnmaH sto ycAOBHC 3aMy*ecrBa AOiepn b co3HaiiKc Ba.iepa, to kphkom, to uiono- tom npHMO b yxo, to crykom no ronoBe. rio x a rapnaroH G e rae r npoBeAaTb cbokj m x ary n o fK y , B an ep yBnefeH- ho npHAyMUBaeT h noACKa3biBaer 3 m i3 e nnaH H 3 6 ew an . 6 p ax a. H o eABa 33MeTHB B03BpameiiHe o ru a , oh M enner toh Ha noA’iepKHyro rposHufi, Ha- CTaBHTeAbiibiH, a c a a npHHHM aer cypoB uft, nenpexnoH H uS bha. TapnaroH yAOBACTBopeHHo CMeeica. B a n e p , bhah, f r o e ro xHTpocrb H a eer ycnex, e w e Gonee y cnnH saeT Hrpy: npHTBopno rpo3HT K y n ax o a 3nH 3e, xpufHT Ha «ee, 3aTeM c nbCTHBoS yjKHMKofl pacxnaHiiBacTCH nepeA TapnaroiioM , x a x Gbi XBacTaacb: « B ot x a x a n p o 6 p a n c c , BaM 11a p an o cT t!* Ilo-HOBOMy pacKpHsaeTca xapaxTep Fapnarona b cueHe BCTpefH co cnaxoii <tpo3HHofl, rue oh npeAcraeT nepeA 3pHTeneM xax mojioahiuhIich CTapmox, BmoCneHHbiii b lOHyx) AeByuncy. rioMoraeT KapMbicOBy b arofi cueHe CaGupa MafixaHOBa, HcnoniiHioiuan ponb <Ppo3HHbi. ApracTxa Hanwa aeTKiie npueMU aah o6phcobkh o6pa3a, npnuaB eay ocTpo caTHpHfecxHfl orreiioK. <Pp03HHa-jMafixaH0Ba — pa3BH3Ha, BynbrapHa, roroBa npocBaiarb xotb caMoro uepTa, numb 6u eft 6u n a ot aroro Bbirona. Bnxoaht OHa Ha cueHy c ne3aBHCHMbiM, noOcAonocHUM bhaom, pacxafHBan SeupaMH, noBOAfl rna3a- mh. C rapnaroHOM <J>po3HHa oGpaiuaercsi rpyGoBaro, 6ecuepeM0imo, noA- MHrHBacT eMy, nOATanxHBaeT ero noKTen, xnonaer no nneqy! npw ynoMHHaHHH o neBecre TapnaroH cpa3y noAfiaApHBaeTcn: Bbina- TiiB rpyAb, xax HiiAeScxHH neiyx npoxawHBaeTca no cueHe, Aa>xe npHHH- MaeTCH TanueBaTb hto-to BpoAe MenysTa. H o HMeiiHo b 3th momchtu npax- jiocrb, XHnocrb TapnaroHa npociynaioT pe3fe Beero. YceBumcb xa cxaweft- xe, oh ne MoweT Aasxe 3anowHTb HOry Ha Hory, h eMy noMoraer b stom <I>po3mia. 3axpy>xnBimiCb b TaHue, TapuaroH naAaeT h <J>po3HHa, cxbbthb ero noAMbiuixy, Tamiir Ha cxaMeAxy. H a nunc ee b 3tot momcht nanncaiio npe3pemie n oTBpauieHHe. n u rasc b 3anen>, TapnaroH AaBHTCH b npHnaAxe xamna, a <J>po3ima 3a ero cdhhoA c 6e3HaAe)KHUM bhaom Mainer 11a Hero nnaTOfKOM, orronupHs ry6bi, noxa3biBaeT eMy xyKHHi. nonb3yncb xopouiHM HacrrpoeHHeM TapnaroHa, Opo.iima nbrraerca bh- b 3waHHT y Hero xotb cxonbKo-HH6yAb AeHer a cboh TpyA- H o eABa 3aroBa-<

pireaeT ona o neHbrax, Kan aacTpoeHne Fapnarona pe3K0 MeHaerca: amero ae cjiymaa, nycsaerca oh b SercTBO. 4>po3H«a jiobht ero sa mraiu, sa py- mb, XBaTaer noj pysy, nonpaanaeT BopoTHHK, Beprarca nepei hhm, 3aar- puBacT, yBJieicaer paccsa30M o MapHamie. TapnaroH pacnjibieaercab yaafi- kc, CKaaa xenue syCn. Ho MBa <t>po3HHa erne pa3 ynoMHHaer o aeiibrai, K3K Fapnaroii onaTb ToponjiHBO yapeMJiaerca m o m 11c tskoR chjioA 3a- MonMBaer flBcpb, <rro e«Ba tie npHineiuaer Hoca <I>po3HHu. Bo3«ymenH0 ct-epsaa raa3aMH, otxoaht cnaxa ot flBepa, &eCioweTHaa jiiihiih CBaraBCTBa npoaoaxaeTca b cnenyiomeA rapra* cneKTaiuiH, r noaBJiaerca npejMer 3ano3jaaofl .ho6bh fapnarona—Ma- piiaima. UltumaH /KairnapSeKOBa noflqepsHBaaa b stom o6pa3e HauBHocib, ae- onbiTHocrb MapHaHHu. OHa coBceM eme aeBoina, He yMeiomaa oTcrom cboiix KHtepecoB. Efi nporaBeH TapnaroH, 6orarcTBO Maao ee HHiepecyer. Oho iiaeT 3a 4>po3HHofi Ha CBiiaamie c Fapnaronow no HacioaHHio narepa. 'laic TpaKTOBana apracTKa noBeaenae MapaaHHU. Pofisaa h oiyuKHsas, npeacraer ona nepca 3pHieaeM. Ha neii — CBewiuA napHK h iiapaaaoe im a n e c flCKo;ibTC, moikct fiurb, H3.iHiuHe Hapaflnoe jw a CejwoA'AeByuiKH. TapnaroH Tanwe npHonwica jwa cbhabhuh c neBecioS. H a HeM6ap- xarabifl KopnaHCBbifi KaM3twi h 3enenne 6pi0KH; npHiyflHHBO 3aqecanHue Boaocbi Top'iaT poraMH BBepx h b cropoHu, sas y imoyiia. Oh paccMaxpa- EaeT HeBeny b jwe napu ohkob (npHeM HapoiHTUH, HaayMaHHuS, He xa- pasrepHbiA jwh FapnaroHa), cpuBaiomiiMca ronocoM nuraerca 3anen>«Ma- pua-a-aHiia», ho cpuBaeTca Ha bhcokoh hotc. 3aBiijceB Taxoro xceHHxa, Mapiiaima He moxct BbwepxcaTb, nuraerc? fiewaTb; sorjia Tapnarou uejiyeT ee pyxy, m h o y fleByinra waaKoe, He- ciacTHoe. CoBceM HHane qyBCTByei ce6a MapnaHHa npn Bcrpene c Kjieanron, so- 3TopuA noHBJiHCTca Ha cueHe b sijufesraoM sparaoM Kan30Jie, c nepHUia wa- uiom a nneqaMH. 3piiTeab hbho coqyBCreyeT mojioahm BJiiotaHHbiM, np«- BercTByn hx BCTpeqy anno^HCMeHiaMH. C xoponiHM lOMopoM h BbuyMKoA nociaBJieHa noraeayiomaa cuesa pa3roBopa c MapHamoA. PexcHceep noflqcpsHBaei o6mee 3aMeinareabereo, BaTaHyrocib co3,naBiuerocH noaowemia. Bee npHcyrcTByiomHe ycaxcHBawr- ca paaoM, no oqepean OTspbraaiOT por h onan> 3aspbiBaioT, He 3Haa, no CKa3aTb. Bcex asraBHee BeaeT ceoa Kaeam, He crecHaacb Bbipa3im> CBoe ywieqeHHe MapnamoA. Oh paccranaer naain okmo specaa MapaaBBU a Cpocaerca k ee HoraM. KHnamnA peBHocTbio TapnaroH roeBHO aepraer ero sa umary, OTroiiaeT oi MapHaHHbi h caM nbrraeTca npetuoumb KoaeHH, ho uaaaer Ha njiam h He MoxceTnoaHSTbCH. Baaep c o3a6oqeHHUMbhjomno*- XBaTbiBaer ero a BoaoqHT na speuio. Xoporno nepeaaeT asrep pacTepaHHocn. TapnaroHa, soraa Kaeam Aa- p u r or ero hmchh nepcreiib Map«aHHe: oh cyeTHTca, Bepratca, 6eraer or

BaJiepa k KaeaiiTy. Toabxo BMemaTeabCTBO <PPo3hhu, Koropaa pcuiHTwib- HbiM atecTOM HaACBaCT nepcTew. Ha naae« MapnaHne, AHXBHAHpyeT hhuh- rapnaroHa-KapwbicoBa aocTiiraeT oco6enHofi BbipasHTeabHocra b cueiie ero oGtacneiiiis! c KaeantOM b HOTcepTOM aKTe. Axrep Bee ravage 3ar.iHiibiBaeT b ayuiy I'apnaroHa h OTKpbmaer b F.eS Taxiie TeMHbie yroaxH iaKHe aeopii HeiiauiicTii n 3ao6m, h o apmMio ct3hobhtcsi ywe He cMeuiHo’ a CTpaumo. !\\ canipii'iecKHM KpacKaM bco ctuibHee noAMemiiBaioTcn Knacxii •pareAHHHbie. 1 B Haqa.ie pa3roBopa o Mapnanue KjieanT He BepHT b HcitpemtocTb ot-‘ ua. On Aaa<e noAMHrHBaeT spHTeax): mchh iie npoBeaeuib. Ho oTeqecKHfl toh Tapnarona cflunaer ero c Toaicy; nonaBimicb Ha yAO'ixy, KaeaiiT aa- cnirca k OTuy, y.ibiGaeTcs, K-iaaer roaony eMy Ha xoaeirn. TapnaroH b aror -MoweHT naitaoiiHCTCfi hsa hiim, Kan XHmiiaa rrrmia: 3ahm ocxaaoM kphbht- ch 6ecKP0Biibie ryGu, CBepxaioT raa3a, oOpajucHHbie to b 3aa, to Ha cbiHa. fliaBHyio, npuTBopsio aacxoByio peab BApyr npepbrcaer HpocTiioe «wox!» (hbt), npiiBOAHmee b TpeneT He TOAbKO KaeaiiTa, ho h 3piiTeabHbift 3aa. Fp03H0, c ropmi(HMii HCHaBHCTbio raasaMH HaeTynaeT TapnaroH Ha Kaean- Ta, roTOBbu'i, KajKUTca, yOHTb ero. OAiiaKO cpiBHnecKHe chau TapnaroHa aa- . aexo iie raKHe, xax CHJia ero hpocth: KaeaHt aerno nepexBaTbmaeT 3ane- eeiinyio iiaa roaoBofl naaxy h Bbipbraaer ce H3 pyx oraa. Eme Soabuie nacbimeHo Tparn3M0M noBeaeiine Tapnarona nocae xpa- 3KH uixaTyaKH. Ero oT'iaamie rpaHHHHT c noMeuiaTeabCTBOM. C oGe3yMeB- tuhmh raa3aMH tipofieraeT oh no cueue, e.\\iy Be3Ae ivahtch Bop. ymiAea 3a peuieTKofl orpaAM cboio co6cTBeHHyio pyxy, TapnaroH XBaraer ee apyrofi pyxoft, BooCpajKaa, ito noSMaa Bopa. Ha cueue TeMHeeT. Toabxo (purypy TapnarOHa BuxBaTWBaeT H3 Mpaxa ayn npowexTOpa. Cosepuiemio pa36n- Tbift, yHiiMTOHteiiHuii, noa3eT oh no cueHe c uenwo or yxpaAeHHoro kjibm Ha mee. JIojkktch iia noa, 3aKpwBaeTca naamoM, roTOBHii, KaweTCH, r y r »e HcnycTHTt Ayx. Ho BApyr 3Jio6a co crpauinofl chaoA 3axBaThiBaeT ero. O h BCKaKHBaeT h, B03Aes KyaaKH Haa roaoBofl, GeineHo yrpowaeT npBMO 3pHTeAHM, rOTOBblfl yHHHTOJKHTb BeCb MHp, BCeX OTAaib B pyKH nOAHUHH. XoxoqeT xax 6e3yMHbifi. H ons-rh nepexoa k cipaAaHHio, k ropio: xax hh- ikhA, npoTHHyB pyxy b san, hast oh no aBancueue, yMoaaeT cxtaaHTbca h BepHyTb eMy uixaTyaxy. B rporecxoB o ApaMaranecKHX Tonax BeaeT KapMHCOB poab TapnaroH a b nocaeAH eft xapTHHe. 3 ao6ho HaaeTaeT oh Ha B a a e p a , oSbhhwi e ro b x pa- >Ke m xaTyaxH, caoBaMH « B3raaAOM x ax C yaro yRHiroscaeT ero. yanaB o G paxe AoaepH, ropecTiio caaHTca Ha a y a h noHHxaer roaoBofi. Poab TapnaroHa — oana H3 Bepnnm b raopnecTBe KapsiucoBa. H3 nepcoHawefl Broporo naaHa xoporno noxa3aa cefia PaxweTyaaa CaabMeHOB b poaH MCbe >Kaxa — noBapa h xyaepa b rapnaroHoacxoM ao-

Me. Komh3m o6pa3y npHAaBa.no coaeraHae XHipocra )KaKa h Tex Heaenw noAoweimfi, b KOTopue on nonaaaer b pe3yjibraTe siofl XHTpocra. Bot MCbe )KaK nepeaaeT TapnaroHy ciuienffl, Koropue xoaht o HeMb napo/ie, ii b 6-iaroAapHOCTi. naiyiaeT raKyro rpeniiy, wo ne moxbt cecn>, co ctohom BCKaKHBaeT, e«Ba onycTHBiuacb Ha CTyA. Bot MCbe JKax era- paeTca npaMapim. oma c cmiom, ySexaaa toto h Apyroro, wo iipothbhhk 0TKa3UBaeTCn ot MapnaHHH. CaM JKax b Bocropre ot ceoefi npoAeara, ho- chtch ot oahoix) k Apyrowy c nodeAOHOcHHMbhaom. C Heo6Haa8anM.11060- nuTCTBOM cmotpht )Kaic c .leceHKH 11a noc-ieAywruafi mhphhS pa3TOBop TapnaroHa c KacaHTOM. Ho nan tmbko nayraH bhxoaht Hapyxy a ccopa B03o6H0B.iaeTcn, JKaa c HeBWiHO-oOinKeHHbiM bhaom ToporontH yjnoHyib. Pewaccep, KoropoMy xapaicrep MOJibepoBCKofi komcahh 0Ka3a.ic« oaem 6.TH30K, C03ABB3ACneKT3K.1b «0TA>UIH». BAOHCHABHeTOMHOTOBblAyMKH, JO- pouio coraacyiomeftcH c xapaicrepoM m>ecbi. HanpHMep, yAaaao BBeAeHU HiiTepMeAHH MeiKAy KapTHHaMH, pa3urpbiBaeMue aa aBaacneHe b to span, KaKMeilHAHCbAeKopauaa. B nepBOa H3 3thx HHTepMeAHfi TapnaroH noaa3aH Ha nporyaxe. 3a hhm cayra TamaT tabUiae Kop3HHbi, tcyAa oh co6apaer bcskhAMycop, Ha8- AeHHbiA Ha Aopore: to CTapyio HOAoniBy, to oCpbiBOK BepeBKH. B ApyroS HHTepMeAHH rapnaroH KpaAer y cbohx cnyr c hoauocob anenbcmi a u6- jiokh, npeAHa3aaaeHH«e mu yromeaaa rocreft. CnocofiCTBOBaaa yKpameaaio cneKTaami My3biKa B. B. BamaHOBa, hs- nacaHHaa b Ayxe ciapofi OpaimaH, c ee nacropaJiHMH h MeHyaraMH. ileso- pauHH HanaHaiomcro xyAoacHHKa A. KHMa 6u.ui ckpomhh, ae3aaucJioBa- tm, hoAasajia npeACTaBJieHHe0 Mecre AeflcTBHa, a Taxxe pacnrapMH xapax- TepacTHKy TapnaroHa (o6MHe 33Mkobh 3anopOBb KOMHaTax, o6Bermaaocn> yapaiueHufi b caay h t.n.). Cepbe3Haa pa6oTa, npOBeaemiaa TeaTpoM hha oaccniecKoA xoMeweS c ee octpumh arpoBbrna noaoweHHHMH, c ee apKHMH, oTToaeHHbiMH o6pa3a- mhcnoco6cTBOBaaa TBopnecxoMy pociy KwweicraBa. K cowaaeiiHKO, nocae 1951 roaa 3Ta jihhhh na ocBoeHae pyccxoS n sa- naAHOfi KAaccHKa odopBaaacb. M . H. roflbA&iaT 3a nbecu pyeexofi XJiaccH- necKoS ApaMaiypraa He 6pajicx hh b nepBUH, hh bo Bropofi nepaoAMcsoei pa6ora b TeaTpe. Tcuibao oceHbio 1954.roAa Ha diene AxaAeMaaecxoro Teaipa BHOBbnon- BHACfl ropbKHS B HOCTailOBKC MOAOAUX BKTepOB,' 0K0HHHB1HHX K33aXCKyO CTyAHio THTHC a noAroroBHBmax b MocKBe ABe nbecbi TopbHoro: «Me- uiaHes a «Erop EyjibNOB*. Cnemax-ib «Erop ByjwiOBs b nocraaoBKe npe- noAaBaTeJia THTHC H. fl. KoeiaoBa hmca onpeAeaemiufl ycnex a Aoxaaaa, n o m>eca ropbxoro aaxe b HcnojiaeHaa HeonbuaoA mmoaokh cnoco6Ha aaHHTepecoBaTb xa3axcxoro 3pHTejia. B Haqa.ie 1955roAa ochobhohcocraBTeaTpa noKa3a.i nbecu A. H. Ocr- poBCKOro «ripaBAa xopouio, a caacTbe Ayaine* b nociaHOBae Ca.iaau Ecre- 344

MecoBoft h E. flHOMneBa (oahh h:< Beaynwx ap-racTOB pyccKoro ApaMaTH- lecKoro TeaTpa b AjiMa-ATe). OanaKo po;in b stom cnexTaxae 6tu n pac- npeae^enu HenpaoHJibHo: iianpHMep, CTapHxa rpo3HCBa iirpaa mohoaoS awep, y KOToporo 6uao HeaoCTaToqHO xarreftcKoro onbrra m h no.woueH- 110S xapaKTepiiCTHKii o6pa3a. HacTio 3Ke nrpaaa JKaMaa >KaaMyxaM6eTOBa. 3ra po.ih lie cooTBerciBOBajia eft hh no Boapacry, hh no BiieuiHOcra, hh no npHpoae cueiiHaecxoro AapoBamw. B pe3yAbT3Te nocTaHOBxa noayqHAacb He oienb yAanHoft 11 OwcTpo coinaa co cneiibi. TOAfeKO poSOCTblO MHCJIH, IipHHHJKeHHOCTbK) TBOp'ieCKHX SaMblCHOB MOJKHO OSbHCHHTb TOT <J>aKT, HTO pyXOBOACTBO TeaTpa B HOCAeAHHe roflbl Tax c x y n o BxaioHaeT b p en ep T y ap TeaTpa xaaccH qecxH e m>echi. 3 to npxBe- ao x nenaJibHOMy p eay .ib T ary . B 1956 ro n y nbnvmBwft xa3axcxHfl 3 p n reah He mot nocMOTpeTb Ha c n e n e CBoero Jiyauiero HannoHa.’ibiioro TeaTpa hh oa- Horo cnexTaxaH pyccxoft hah aa iia a n o ii xnaccHXH. Tajiairr.THBbie apTHCTbi TeaTpa, fijiecTsnue A oxa3a8iiiH e cboio cnoeo6HocTb no-iHou.ei!Ho pa3pcaiaTb (>6pa3hi PoroJTH h O crp o B cx o ro , IIIexcnH pa h M o n x ep a , a a nocaeAHHe ro a u He motah coBepmeHCTBOBaTb MacTepcTBo b xaaccHnecxoM penepTyape. FIoaboah htoth TBopnecxoro pa3BHTHH Ka3axcxoro AxafleMKHecxoro 3TeaTpa ApaMbi b nocJieBoeHHbie roaw, mh aoa* hh OTMeran. a sto BpeMti h nepHOAbi HecoMHeHHoro noAi>eMa pafiora h nepHOAbi 3aTHnn>H. XyAOJKecTBeiiHbiM pyxoBOAHTeaeM b TC'teHHe iiohth BocbMH jier (1944— 1951) 6 bin TaJiaHTJiHBbiii axTep IUaxeH AfiManon. C ero Ha3HaieHHeM, xa- sanocb, noayiHJi 6aaronpHHTOoe pa3pemeHHe Bonpoc o pyxoBOAcrae Tear- poM, noTOMy tto (xpopMjiCHHe HannoHaabHoro xoaaexTHBa 3aBepiuaeTca TOJibxo totAa, xoraa oh sMAeaxeT H3 CBoeft cpeAbi HaUHOHaAbHbie pyxoBOAH- ume xaApbi. PeaynbTa-ru pyxoBOACTBa IUaxeHa AfiMaHOBa exa3ajiHCb He cpa3y. 3a 1944 roA TeaTp He aba hh oahoA hoboh noCTaHOBKH, hto ofibsiciweTCsi ot- qacTH 6oAbuioft 3aHHTOCTbK> axrepoB 11a cbewxax tfniAbMa «A6aft». Cnex- TaxJiH 1945 rona oxasa-MCb HeyAaiHbi («KoBep XCoMapTa*. «KbiHanTau xhahui» h AP-)- noA\"beM pa6oTu TeaTpa HaiaeTHACH ToAbxo b 1946 roAy, xoraa b ero penepTyap boiuao Hecxoabxo HHTepeciibix nocraHOBOK: «PeBH- 3op», «Ha Aiie», «Ko6aaHAbi». Ha nocraHOBAeroie UK BKITffi) o penepTya­ pe ApaM3TH<iecKnx TeaTpoB Ka3axcxHft TeaTp OTBerm VAaiHbiMH cnexTax- jiumu: «/locTbix neH Maxa66aT», «rio6eAHTeAH», (tMeAOBex c pywbCMs, cPnyfioxHe xopHH*. 0«HB;ieHnc b paoore iiafiAWAaAocb h AaAbiue. B 1949 roAY coctohach cwoTp cneXTaxaeft coBpeMeHHOft coBercxoft TeMara- kh, «a KOTOpoM 6buiH noxa3aHhi «3axon neera* a «Acha Tacrap*. Oah3 3a Apyroii 6wah nocraBAeHbi Ase nbecw OcrpoBCKoro: «TaAaHTH h noxnoH- hhkh» h «rpo3a». HaxoHeu, TeaTp C03AaA cnexTaxab «A6aft», 3acayweHH0 npHHecuiHft ocHOBiibiM HcnoAHHTeAHM 3BaHHH .laypeaTOB. 345

OaMKO k 1950 rosy CTa.iH cxasHBarbcii Taxwe h caa6ue cropoHH xy- aoweCTBeHHOro pyxoBoacTBa AfiwaHOBa. Oh npoflBHJi HecoMHeimoe pe»Bc- cepcKoe aapoBaime, ho lie ofiaaaaa 3H3hhhmh, npoijieccHOHaabHbiMH HaBH- KOMH, HeoCxOAHMblMH fl.TH TOrO, 'ITOfibl eUie BblUie nOJHHTb TBOpieCTBO aK- TepoB ii Bbipa3HTe.ibiiocTb cneKTaK-icfi. TeaTpy He XBaiaao npuroita cBe- weft TBopqecKoft anepraii, htoOu noBbicim. phtm pafiom . Ho h Ha 3tot pa3 YnpaiuieKHe no aeaaM iicxyccTB Ka-iaxcrana He noaaepwaao AiraaHOBa, He noaafioTMoeb o noBbimeHHH ero pcwiiccepcxofi KBaawtmxanHH, xom 6u r.owiaa ero b MocKBy Ha xypcu, Ha Korophix oSyqa.wcb npimepHO b re >:<e roau apyriie pewnccepbi CpeaiieS A3hh: KypMaiifiex /K aiuaptooii h3 TCa.Tpa onepk, Ajitu KapaaeB H3 TypxMefflra, Ajihm XoawaeB H3 y36eiw- cr:ma, n ap. Bmccto Toro, 'iroflbi roTOBHTb cboh HauHOHa.ibHue pyxoBOflaiiaie xaa- pu, ynpaixieriHe no aeaSM HCKyccTBnomao no jihhhh naiiMeHbuiero conpo- ■niiyieinia h npiiderao K ncnbrraHHOMy epeaerny: btopotho npHBaeflio k pyxoBOACTBy TeaipoM M. H. roabataTa, pafioiaBUiero b AaMa-Aie c 1941 no 1944 rofl. flpanaa, liapaay c hhm pafioraan b Teaipe h Moaoaue pexcHCcepu-xa- 3axH: b 1953—55 roaax Qumxa EaeMecoBa —BbmycKiiHKpewaccepcKoro ((laKyabTcra I'HTHC b Mocrae, c 1955 roaa — AfiaapxaH H6paraM0B— bb- nycKHHKTaniKeHTCKoro THTHC. Oanaxo Caaime EcTeiuecoBoft, cneaaBUieft Ha axaaeMiraecKoS cnene necKoabKo nocTairoBOK, flocraio'iHO rpaMOTiiux («Mon jho6ob» , «IIIe.iK0- Boe CKBane*, «ripaBja xopomo...» h ap.), laxwe ne fibuia 0Ka3aHa KywHaH TiiopqecKaH noaaepaxa, b pesyjibiare aero OHa npHHyweHa 6bwa nepeftTH na poKiiccepcKyio pafioiy b o&iaCTHOft KaparamHHCKHii Teaip. JlBe nocTaHOBKii BbinonHHJi MOJioaoS pewnccep AfiaapxaH Hfipara- mob— «Biepa h cero/ura* III. XycaHHOBa (ce30H 1955/56 roaa) h «Boab- Htie 3y6u» A. Kaxxapa (ce30H 1956/57 roaa). Ho no hum Hejn>3n erne cy- aiiTb o /lajibHefmiHX nepcneKTHBax p33bhthr H6parHM0Ba xax pewaccepa. nepB ue ro a n paCora ro ab atera nocae ero B03BpameH«a oTMeieau pa- aoM yaaiH ux nocraHOBOx: «AMaHreabau», «Cxynofl», «ryabaeH, aa.ia!>. Ho aareM onaTb HacTynaa nepHoa 3arauiba b pb3bhthh TeaTpa. KoaHaecTBo hobnx cnexraxaefi 3a nocaeaHHe ce30Hu HeBea«xo: aaa, ca- Moe taibinee ipa. Tax, HanpHMep, b ce30He 1953/54 roaa nocTaBaema roab- ko«Moa axifioBb*M. HMawxaHOBa h «/lioCoBb Ha paraere* 3 . TaaaHa, bce- 30He 1954/55 roaa (xpoMe cnexTaxaefi, npHBe3emibix H3 Mocxbh) Toabxo «'Papxaa h UIhphhj H33NMXnxMeTa h cflpaBaa xopouio, a ciactbe aynue» A. OcTpoBcxoro. H3 scex nocraHOBOK 1952 —55 roaoB hh oaHa He CTaaa (Soabnnm iy- aoKecTBeiiHUM cofibiTHeMb JKH3HH xearpa, hh oaHa He oTo6pa3naa irnpoxo b xpynHO*H3Hb pecnySaHXHh xa3axcxoro Hapoaa. 346

HeGaaronoayiHe b pa6ore TeaTpa Taweno oco3Hanajiocb KaK ero tboo- TOCKHMKO.iaeKTHBOM, TaK H BCeS XyaOWeCTBeHHOft oGlIKCTBCKHOCTblO Ajwa- Ath. OG 3TOM CBiaeTeJibCTByeT aaHTeabHan, ocTpaa ancKyccHs o cyabGax KaaaxcKoro TeaTpa, npoiueamaa 3hmo2 1955/56 roaa BneqaTH n Ha coGpami- HXpaOOTHHKOB HCKyCCTB. Haqa^o juicKyccHH noaownaa c r m a 6biBinero xyaowecTBCHHoro pyxo- BoaaTejia AKaaeMH'iecKoro TeaTpa Ulaxena AiiMaHOBa «Mucjih o pojhom Te- aTpes, noHBiiBUiaaca ira CTpaimuax ra3eTbi «CoBeTCKaa Kyabrypa» b okthG- pe 1955 rofla\" 0 h yTBepwaaBUiasi, htq pewuccep M, H. roabaGaaT yaoaHT TeaTp c npauii.'ibiioro nyTii CTpororo yrayGaeiiHoro peaaH3Ma b cropony pe- WHCcepcKoil cTiwH3auHH, Gbioinefi Ha BHemime s^ipeKTu «npiinoaHHToft Te- aTpaabiiocTH*, npeBpamaeT «pombHmqecKyio nareTmcy* b neiuiA yHmepcaab- Hbifl xaioq k AioGoft nbece. 3 toh <paabiiM aaTOp cTaTbH npoTHBonocTaBJia.1 Be- py aKTepOB b npaBity xapaKTepOB h oGcTOHTeabciB, Tonioe 3naHne Hamtoiiaah- Horo 6hiTa, KyjibTypH, TpaaHmifi, cHHTaa hx hcoGxoakmnm ycaoBaeM w a co3- AaHHa cneKTaiuia, aeficTBirreAbHO Bhipawaiowero nauHosiaAbHoe anno TeaTpa. B aeKaGpe roro we roaa ABa ana noapna coGnpaacH ko.i .tckthb Teaipa BMecre c xyAowecTBeHHMM 3kthbom ropoaa suia oGcyjKAeiiHa arofl CTaTba h Bonpoea o nyrax pa3BHTHa TeaTpa. CoGpaHtie npn3naao, hto b waTbe AflMaHOBa npaBHJibHO bckphtu icpyix- flbie HeAOCT3TKH B TBOp'IOCKOH AeHTejlbHOCTH TeaTpa. Ho pyxoBOACTBO TeaTpa OTBecaocb k xpuTHKe HepocTaroMHO cepbe3Ho. rOJIbflGnaT B 3aKJH0HHTeAbH0M CJIOBC Ha coGpaHHH «npouieji mhmo mhothx cnpaBeAJiHBHx kphthm6Ckhx 3aMeaaHHft b ero aapec u (paxTiiiecKii oTMaxayji- ca ot hhx («Ka3. npasaa*)1\" . flnpeKTOp B. M. riopraoB b otbcthoh cTan>e, - onyG.iHKOBamioft b rasere «CoBeTCKasi nyabTypas, — «TpyanocTH narnero Te- aipa»,1! — oGihchhji Bee HenoaaaKH b ero pafkrre x03H»cTBeHHHMH ycaoBH- hmh h HeaocTaTKoM noMeweKHs. OchobhoB ynpex rearpy b tom, hto b ero nocraHOBxax pewHCcepeicafl CTHJiH3auHsi npeoG.iaaaeT nan cepbe3HbiM otoG- paweiiHeM HauHOHaabirofi WH3HH, Tax h oct3jich 6e3 OTBeTa. HeaocTaTKOM ancKyccHH Guaa a HexoTopaa y30CTb ee, orpamiqeHHOCTb tiacurraGoB. GiaGue ctopohh paCoTbi Ka3axcKoro AnaaeMmecKoro TeaTpa apaMbi paccMaTpHBaaHCb BHe cbh3h c oGiuhmk 3aTpyaiieHHHMH, xoropue HcnuTUBaa b tc roaw Becb cobctckhATeaTp. ToJibno k aaaaay ce30Ha 1956/57 roaa b paGoTe Ka3axcKoro AxaaeMHqec- Koro TeaTpa nocae nepHoaa 3aTHiHba HaMenwiocb owno/reme. K arouy Bpeue- hh CKa3aancb ywe GaaroTBopHbie pe3yjibTaThi nocTaiioB.ieHHa UK K11CC ot 30 hkjhh 1956 roaa « 0 npeoaoaeHHH xyawa jihbhocth h ero nocaeacTBHS*, oTKpbiBiuero hjhpokhS nyTb k ycTpaneKHio HeaocraTKOB, HaGaioaaBuiHxea b oSaacTH HaeoaorHiecKOH pa60Tbi Boo6me h b oGaacra xyaowecTBeHHoro TBOpqecTBa b aacTHOCTH. Peiueroe napTHH pa36nao Ty oGcraHOBKy ckob3hhocth, caMoycnoxoeH- M

hocth, pafionencTBanepeaaBTOpmeroM, aoropaa aiowaaaa b nepaoaKy.ib- Ta JUMHOCTH, OfiecnMHJlO' CBOfiOfly JIBBBoS HHHlUiaTBBC TBOpaeCKHXpafiOT- HHKOB, OTKpblJOBpOCTOpBXMbICJlHHlj)aUia3HH. OcfiOBHOHcabbtbpafiorcTearpa oocacXX cteamt onpcaejnuicabo6aac- THHCIopH'ieCKO0TeMaTBKB. B nocraHOBKentecHCafiHrcMyaaaoBa «MoKaHBaJiaxaKOB» (aaS1956) reaip BnepBbie3a BeenocaeBoeHHueroanc(SojibimiMycnexoMnoaaiuhobjto ncTopaaecKywMay, eme He3aipoHyiywao boBhh. Bcaea3aieMbtuple 1957roaa Teaip BocciaHOBM b hoboSpeiaxasB iitecy «Ehauk—Ke6ea>, aoiopofi HeKoraa aaaaa cboioiBopaecayioaemwb- Ce30H 1956/57 roaa 3aKaHinBaerc8 nocraaoBKoS m>ecu«Mafipa>A6- Ahjibau Ta*H6aeBa—06 H3BecrHoa iiapoaHoS ncBHue Kasaxcnwa, mop- aecTBOKOTopoHpacuBeaob roan craHOB-ieHiiacoBercKoS BJiacra. Ha oaepeaii nocraaoBKHeme apyrax ijHMbMopno-HcropHiecKmnbec: «Axaa-cep3—Akidkito ra6ara MycpenoBa, «AfiMan—llloanaw Myxnpa Ay330Ba—Ta h apyraa b 3Ha>me.ibHo nepeaeaaHHOMsuae. Ha penepiyape coBpeMeHHOi TeMaTHKH pe3yjn>TaiH nociaHOBaeaHao npeoaoaeHHHxyjim xhihocth, kcowaaeHHio, CKa3aancb MeHbme. Ka3axciuieapaMarypra HecmoivihOTseTim>Ha BHTeaaioiaBe H3 sroro nocraaoMemia rpefioBaHHHaaTb Kpynuue, aacumeHHue muc.uk) o6pa3u, pa3BepHyTb (xwbimie npoteMU coBpeMeHHocra, Hto6u aKTHBH3npoBaTb pa6ory b stom iianpaiyieimH, rearp ycraaoBM HenocpeaCTBeHHyio csa3b c paaou apaMaiyproB a oacaaaeT or hex6ojhiihx Ha aero 1958 roaa na3HaaeHa aeKaaa Ka3axcKoro HCKyccraa b MocHse. noaroiOBKa k HeS B3BO.iHOBa.ia uiapoime KpyrH xa3axcKoa oCmecTBeaaoc™, npan-ieraa k leaipy BHHMaaae paCoTaaxoB aaeoaoraaecaoro $poaTa. K BTopofi aeKaae aasaxcicoro HcayccrBa b Mockbb AKaaeMinecmS m- arp npHxoAHT c npeKpacHUM KoanearaBOM, b aoropoM nopiecxH copesay- lOTca HecKoabKo noKo.ieHHH, HaiHHaa cocrapeflmHx ocaoBaiMeS teaipa. KOHiaa Maioaeatbio, HeaaBHO oxoaiaBuiefi TeaipaabHua HHcraryTbMocrae. 3a acieKiaae roau b pe3yjn>TaTe TBopaecxax ycnexoB Ka3axcaoroAxa- aeMaaecKoro Teaipa3BaaaaHapoaHoro apTHCTa pecny6.iBKH yaoooeau Ula- ReH Ahmshob, Kanaa BaaupoB, Paxaa Koaay6aeBa, Cepa.ia (Cepxe) Ko- .KaMKy.ioB, Ka.iHOeK KyaHumnaeB, Emofiaa yxypaaKoB; 3Bauae 3acay*ea- aoro apracia pecay&iBKB no.iyiH.ia K a .ira Aju.ibiHHOB, Xaaania ByKeeea. /Karaa Ory36aeB, MaaTaS CbraauKOB, CeaipyMa TearapaeB, AfiaxeaXa- ceHOB,MaaaKe UlaMosa. OipaaHbiM aBaeaaeM b wh3hh KOJi.ieKTHBa aBaaeroi tot (fiaKT, w> ocaoBy ero no-npeaciieMy cocTaMaioT CTapefiume apTacru—c03.WTe.iHTe- aTpa, onpeaejiHBmaeeroxyaomecTBeHHoejihuoh TenepbawiaioiimecsaaK6u 3ac.iyjKeHHUMHa yBaacaeMbiMaxpaaaTeaaMa eroxyao*ecTBeaHHXrpaaaUHi MS

OrpaAHo, 'ITO 3th atcrepu He ocTaHaBAHBaioTCH b cBoeM TBOpiecKOM pocre, h Tenepb, nocne TpHiiuara n e r paCorw b TeaTpe, no-npe5KiieMy cOBepuieucTByiOT CBoe MacrepCTBo, panyior iiobwmh AOcnoKeiuiaMH. BnoJiHe noHHTiio, hto TB opaecK oe p a3B H rae r p y n n u CTapeftniHX apTHCTOB Kfle? HeoAHopoAHUMH nyrHMH. H eK O Topue H3 hhx cneunaAH3HpyioTCH n a Ha- UHoHajibHOM p en e p T y ap e , Ha o 6 p a 3 a x Ka3axcKoft >KH3HH. Hhkto, K a w erca, He co3fla^ ao chx n o p tskhx M e m ix , B upa3HTenbHbix, a p a n x o6pa30B Ka3axcK0ii 3KH3HH, xaK C epK e KowawKy^ioB, K an aS eK K yaH bium aeB , En io 6 afi yM yp3a- kob, ASiiKeH XaceHOB, 3 a r a KypM aHCaeB a... H o H eK o ro p u e H3sthx apracTOB MeHee yBepeHHo ayBCToyioT ce R a b nepeBojH OM p en e p T y ap e , TepnaT HeynauH npH C03A3HHH o6pa30B H3 pyccKOfi ApaM aiyprHH. H3 npe/icTaBHie.ieii CTapuieft rpynnu toamco KaanGeit KyaiiumnaeB h Kanan BanupoB cboSoaho buuiah H3 paMOK HauHOHa.ibnofi npaMaTypniH: KyaHbiumaeB — Cjiaroaapa cHJie xyaowecTBenHoft HHTyHUHH, EaAbipoB — b pc3y^bTaTe ynopHofl paBora Han pacuinpenneM CBoero KynbTypnoro Kpyro3o- pa. flna hhx AocrynHU SoraTcroa MnpoBoft KnaccHKH, Koropjno ohh ocBanBaioT HapaBHe c nyiuniMH apTHCTaMH «cpennero noKoneHHa*. Tohho Tan ate h aierepH «cpeaHero noKo.ieHna> b nocraBneHiiux 3a noc- jieBoenHue r o a u cneKraKnax KaK imaccHiecKoft, ran h coBercKOii npawaTyp- thh, nonHHJiH CBoe MacrepcTBO n a Sonee BUcoKyio cryneiib, pacKpwm cboh TBopiecKHe napoBaima b Ronee pa3HooCpa3HOM penepTyape, HHor-ja c nenpa- BbiwHoS an a Kawnoro H3 hhx ctopohu. Oahhm H3 cyiuecTBenHUX AOKa3aTeAbCTB pocTa affrepOB Ka3axcKoro re- aipa hbhaocb hx yiacTHe b cneKraKnax pyccxoro pecnyS.iHKaHCKoro reaTpa Apainu, c KOTopuM Ka3axcKH# TeaTp Bee eme o6i>eAHHeH. rioAo6Huft o nur — npHBJieaeHHe Ka3axcKHX aKTepoB b cneirraioiH Ha pyc- ckom h3ukc — npoBeneH na 3ape cymecTBOBanna reaTpa, b nocranoBKe nbecu H. OypManoBa «MaTe*». H o -rorna sto BocnpumiManocb xan cMenuft Bxcne- pHMeHT, npcAnpHH8THii pewHccepOM, vroRu npHAaTb HaiwoiiajibHyio oKpacsy cnesraiwiio. Tenepb pyccKHft TeaTp npHr.iaiuaa Ka3axcK«x apTHCTOB na Beny- lAHe pOAH, KaK nOAHOUeHHHX TBOpieCKHX pafiOTHHKOB. B 1945 rony XaAHma ByKeeBa npeKpacHo curpaaa ponb TeMpiOKOBHU b HCTOpHiecKofi nbece AneKcea Toncroro «HBaH Tpo3Hua». TeMpioKOBHa Ha cue- hc nojw a oSaaHHa h hcwhocth. B to Hce BpeMa o6pa3, co3AaHHufi aKTpHCofl, snoAHe OTBeiaa Ha3BaHHio «opn«ua», kotopum oxapaKTepraoBan ee caM aB- Top: AOcrofiHaa nonpyra h H36paHHHua BeJiHKoro uapa, yMHaa, cMeaaa, He TOAbKO wena, ho Apyr h noMomHHua, noHHMaiomaa ero 3aMUCAU. Hrpa Byxe- eBOfl 6uAa HacumeHa ayBCTBOM, 6orara orreHKaMH. B HioHe 1948 rona IIIaKen AftMaHOB TaK * e noAHOueHHO curpaA poAb B perra b cneicraKAe «rny(5oKHe KopHH». BOAblHHM AOCTHWeHHeM TeaTpa HBAaerca TBOpieCKHfi pOCT MOAOAbIX aK- TepoB, okohhhbihhx TeaTpaAbHyio HiKOAy b Aima-Are hah TamxeHTe h BomeA- uihx b KOAAeKTHB b BoeHHbie h nocAeBoeHHue roAU. MHorae H3 hhx, HanpH- 349