Львов Н.И. Казахский академический театр драмы

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nemApaxy noflyuiKaMH, xoropueHaBCTpeay noAOcneBmeuy Ha rnyw Ban- THCre. TyT peaxo cxa3HBaeTCa paiaHtae b xapamepe cecrep: BbHHKa tot- aac npin'BopaeTcn HecaacrHoB, ofiaiKeHHofi, jiacraTca k oruy; npsiMaa, ae cnocooHan flyxasHHj Katapmia 0Ka3btsaeTca bo BceM BKHosarofl, aa eeao- jik) npaxoABTCa Bee ynpexa oropaetiHoro Apaxofi onia. Tanas TpaxToexa hccomhchho npaBHJibHa: OHa cpa3y pacnonaraeT 3pi- TCJIH K IipHMOJIHHeHHOH, npaBAKBOft KaTapHHe H B TO we BpeMfl MOTHBH- pyer ee noBumeHHyx) pa3Apa*HTejibHocn>, HeAOBoabCTBO ycraBOBHBinHMH- Cfl B AOMe OTHOffiCHIIHMH. CoorBeTCTByeT srofi TpaKTOBKe a ijiHrypa BanTHCTu b HCiKumeHHH Ka- .™6exa KyaHuninaeBa. QiafioBOJibHUfi, HepcniKTeAbHhig crapHK 3anyraa BeaHbiMH pa3AopaMH h CKaHAaJiaMH, noMHiiyTHO bo3hhk3ioiuhmh b AOMe. BecnoMOUUibiB, wa.'iKiiB, pacTeptmiibiB, bhxoaht oh Ha uiyM, 6oh3Jihbo 3a- apbiBaacb doahocom, xax iuhiom. MeaxHMH ma*xaMH, c 3aBH3aHHofi roao- boB, cneuiHT BairracTa HaBcrpeay atewaxaM, h, iojibko 3aBHAeB hx, nuraeT- cn BanyeraTb Ha cefia BajKiioab. Ochobhum cTepjKHeM, Ha KoropoM AepxHTca Bea cnexTaxJib Ka3ax- cxoro reaTpa, HBJiaerca o6pa3 FleipyaHHO, C03AaHHuB IUaxeHOM ABMaHO- BtJM. Vjxe nepBoe nosBaemie ero Ha cueHe noxopaeT 3pHieaa. He bxoaht, a yparaHOM BpuBaeiCH nerpywHo iia cpeHy, c fiecuiaGawho-mohoacukhm BHAOM, C KypiaBUMH BOAOCaMH, CepbrOB B yxe H He6oJIblIIHMH, HO .10X0 pacnyineHHbiiiH ycaMH. 3a nerpymno, xax BepimB Caiwo IlaHca, caeAyer ero opyweiwcea rpyMHo (Cefiipy.iaa TeabrapaeB). 9ro cosceM erne K>Homa, (teofiHAHoro BiiAa: po30Bue, xax h6.iomko, Lueixn, hochx nyroaxoB. JlyxaBUMH wa3a- mh, c AofipoAymHofi HpoHHefi Heso3MyrHMO B3npaer oh Ha Bee npoHcxojw- mee Boxpyr. Ho 3to 6e3paMHHHe TMbxo xaxymeeca. Ha je-ie oh npHRH- Maer WHoefluiee yaacTae b npoAeaxax ITerpyaHHO, cayjxirr eMy BepaoB onopofi. Bu Bah Ha cneHy, Tpywno npecnoxoBHO ycawHBaeTca Ha CTyneabKax amh HaiHHaeT HHcnrrb cymeHyio BO&iy. Ho xorAa neTpyaa®) paccxa3UBaer npHHTejiHM o pmaHHH .ibaa h pxaHMi xoiiefi, TpyMHO ftwibiuero s<t>- 4>eKTa xax fin axxoMnaaHpyeT eMy, noApawaa xpaxaM anix jkhbothux. Cuena nepBofi Bcrpeaa nerpyaaHO c KaTapiiHoB HBJiaerca xjiiohom xo BceMy cnexTaxaio. 3Aecb c HaHCoiiMuefi apxocrbx) pacxpbiBaerca xapaxtep lleTpyaHHo h to CBoeofipaaHe, xoropoe bhocht b aty pcuib ABsiaHOB, b ot- 6■vme ot Apyrwx HcnojiHHieaefi.Tax, HanpHMep, b Teaipc Kpacnofi ApMHH rierpyi-mo c HexoTopofi AoaeB HeyBepeHHOciH b ce e roTOBHica oipa3HTb aanaaeme Karaptimj; oh «noAfiaApimaeT» cefia: «AepjKHCb, rierpwiHo!* He x ofiopoHe, a x caMOMy apocraoMy HanaAeHHio roTOBHTCa nerpyaaHO- AHMaHOB. 3 to nojiHoxpoBHbiB, 3aAopHHB qeaoBex snoxa Bospoweraa, Ana xoToporo Bca npaaecrb * h3hh— b fiopbfie; oh c HacjiawaeHHeM nopu- Baerea BCTynHib b hocahhox c paBHUM no ciuie npoxHBHHxoM, a b ojkh-

A3HHH }KH3HepaA0CTH0 noxAonbiBaer ce6ti no CeApaM, bohhctbchho epouiHT you, KaK TopeaAop HaKpyiHBaexnAaniHa pyay h ;ia*e noAMaraBaer 3pHte- 6jik>. «Xoiy OpocHTbca b Apaay, xoay fioporbca h no eaiiTb», — Kaxcerca, ro- BopHT Bca ero (Jwrypa, cofipaHHaa caobho ana npbiaoca. CTpeMHTe-ibHo, KaK h b nepBOM a m , c uinpoKo pa3BeBaromnMca naa- iuom bhxoaht Ha cueHy KaTapHHa. Ho, BCTpeTHBmacb b3mhaom c Herpya- mho, OHa cpa3y KaK 6 u oOwHraerca o Hero, Ha KaKOfi-To Mur norepaB npeiKHKiio caMoyBepeHHOCTb, 3acTUBaeT c yahbjichho pacKpuiUMH r;ia3aMH. 3 to nepBaa nay3a b ee pojiH. Ho Tyr * e KaTapHHa CMaxHBaeT c ce6a H3yMaeHHe h sacTUBaeT b ropfl&nHBoft, He3aBHCHMofl no3e, npHCJioHHBiHHCb k 6ajiiocTpaae jiecTHHUbi. H Tomac, o6AOKOTHBuracb na nepaxa, aa apyrofl cropoae cueHhi rieTpyiMHO BU3UBaiome HMHTHpyeT ee n03y. HanaHaerca 3na.MeHHToe C0CTa3aiiHe AByx repoeB nbecbi b ocrpoTax h kojikocthx. rieTpyMMHO BeAer ce6a Haxa.ibiio, nepBue (j>pa3bi npoH3aocaT oaeHb rpoMKO. CaM pacno.iaraeTCa Ha noAOABHHyTOM aah KaxapHau ery- vie, a ee ycajKHBaer ce6e Ha Koaeim. KaTapHHa He yciynaeT eMy b Aep- 30CTH: to 3aropaerca TopwecTByiomHM cMexoM — Ha cbohx peiuiHKax, to pa3pa>KaeTca B3puB0M HeroAosaHHH h apocra Ha yAaiHbix peiuiHKax IleT- pyMMHO. ZlHaaor BeAeTca b SucTpoM TeMne a OTreaaeTCH aecKOAbKHMH mho- ro3HaMHTeJibHbiMa nay3aMH, bo BpeMa kotopux HcnoAHHTeAH KaK 6bi no- AUCKHBaiOT Han6aiee yAaaHbifl otbct aa uiyTKy. K KOHuy cueHu y IleTpyiMao Bee name npopbiBawTca acKpemae, 3a- AyuieBHbie hotkh bocxhiuchhh KaTapaHofl. 3pirreAb bhaut, mto Bbifiop ero CAeAaH, oh xoaeT 3aBoeBaTb CMeayio AeBywKy. HapaAy c sthm Bee 6 6CAepwamieii craHOBHTca Karapana, KaK u yxoAHT b ce a. KorAa bxoaht oTeu, OHa coBceM cSaia c TOAKy, pacrepaHa, c HGioyMeHaeM noCMaTpaBaer Ha rieTpyMMHO, caMa He noHHMaa, c Kaxoa cram TaK cmmo pacnopaxaerca oh ee cyAbOofl- Ha CAOBax neipyMMHO o cBaabSe b BOCKpeceube OHa no- pbiBaerca mto-to B03pa3HTb, ho Tyr ate 3aMOflKaer, 3aaycHB ryfihi. IlpH cao- Bax «Aafl pyay, K st», OHa, ya<e coBepmeHHO noTpaceHHaa, 3axBaaeHHaa 6ero TeMnepaMeHTOM, nOMTH HenpoH3BOAbuo, noxopHo noAHHMaeT Apoxa- myio, ecnoMownyio pyxy. riocAe npomaHHa h yxoAa rieTpyMMHO KaTapHHa aoato npoBoxaeT ero B3TA8AOM. JIioCoBb yxe CBeTHTca b ee rAa3ax. 3aieM OHa yfieraeT, 3aKpuB- IUHCb nAaTKOM OT CMymeHHS. 63aMeMarejibHO nrpaer aty cueHy h KyaahimnaeB-EanTHCTa. P o ko bxo­ aht OH H B HeAOyMeHHH, C pa3HHyTblM pTOM OCTaHaBAHBaeTCH, bhah Kara- pHHy nAeMOM k a/ieay c rieTpyMMHO. CpuBaioiuHMca toaocom ofipamaerca oh k AOMepn, a iiohhb, mto Ta cfiaBHAa toh, Myn> He npnnAacbiBaeT ot pa- AOCTH. HeKOTopbie kphthkh, pa36iipaa nocraHOBKy Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa, Bbiaca- 3bIBai0T HeAOBOAbCTBO T6M, MTO KaTapHHa CAHU1K0M paHO BAK)6A9eTCH B rieTpyMMHO a cpa3y noKopaeTCH eMy. no hx mhchhio, aro He fyapoueHae 257

6 6crpomuBofi*, a xoMeaaa o iiemfiewHoB h CucTpofi no eae aaa ycTyniHBofr KaTapHHofi. A pa3 KaTapHHa no exaeHa, ywe Heiero aaabuie arpait, pa3- BH3K3, axofiu, ywe aana b hx nepBofi ncrpeie. Ho Taxofi ynpeK HeylieaHTeaeH. BnoaHe npaBii.ibHO noHaaa apnicnca, 6 6 6hto KaTapHHa c nepBoii BCrpew noaiofiHaa neipyqqao: aaaae oaa ae or- aaaa bi e»iy CBoefi pyaa. Ho opb a Ha btom OTKioab ae xoaqaeica, a HaooopoT, pa3ropaercsi. KaTapHHa— caoxHaa Haiypa. CTponTHBOctb— tojh>ko Macxa, c no- 6Moiubio KOTopoft oaa yTBepwaaeT cboio ae3aBHCHuocTb b othobckom jOMe a orpawaaeT ce a ot HaBa3qHBbix, iihitojkhux jkchhxob.3Ta Macaa copBa- Ha npH nepBofi we Bcrpeae c rieipyviHO. Ho 3a MacKoS CKpuBaerca aeflcr- BareabHo ae3aBBCHMaa a ropaeaHBaa ayma KaTapaati, aoTopaa ae Moser npaMiipHTbca c nopaweHHeM. KaTapaHa ae xotct npH3aan>ca b CBoefiaiofi- 6bh,oaa 3aMbncaerca b cefie, BosaBaraer Meway coSoA a flerpyawo cieny xcuoaHoro MoaaaHBa, a 3to caywHT hobhm, 3HaqHTeabiio oaee ch-uhum npenflTCTBHeM aa nyra k hx cqacrao. Kax pefieiiOK, Koiopua b ayuie y « aasHo yTeuiaaca, ywe totob yauCHVTbca, ao H3 ynpaMCTBa Bee eme ayer- 6ca. Tax h KaTapHHa aasao roTOBa OTBCTHTb aacxoB Ha BOcropHteaaue B3raaabi nerpyaiHO, ho Bceum ca-iaMH caepaoiBaeT ce a. TaxoBO noBeae- HHe KaTapHHU-ByxeeBoS Ha caeayiomeM axane pa3BHtHH aeficroaa. IloJiHa TpeneTa KaTapHHa b owaaaHiia ateHHxa nepea CBaabfioS, HepBiio 03Hpaerca Boxpyr, xoraa pe'ib 3axoaHT o ero onosaaraa, TpeBOK- 6ho B3MaxHBaeT fiyxeroM uBeroB, noaneceHiibiM efi, 3aTeM uiBbipaer yxer Ha 3eMa». 6)KeHHx, xax h noaaraeTca no nbece, nosBaaeTca Ha CBaabSe b cawoM Heo uaafiHOM xocnoMe: bmccto naama— pufioaoBHue era, bmkto iwa- nu — rae3ao c aoxaofi Bopoaofl, Ha Horax BMecro BoTijiopT— BbicoxHe xop- 3hhkh c pyaxaMH h 6e3 aHa. B TaxoM xe poae h xoctom TpyMHO. Hocae BeHiaHHH IleTpyqqHO Hacipoea no-npemeMy BOHHCTBeaao ir saaopao, rpoMoraacHO 3aaBaaeT o CBoeM HaMepenan HeMea.ieHHO exan>ao- moB. Ha oaHH TWbxo MoweHT ero aauo 03apaerca cbctom h paaocibio, xoraa KaTapHHa Marxo npocaT ero ociaibca. Ho Bee we oh HenpexaoHea. Ct3b nonepex aopora c yrpowaiomHM BaaoM, oh phhht Ha rociefl, koto- pbix KaTapaHa nparaacioia x croay. 3aTeM cmmo XBaraer xeay b oxairay h,B3Ba,iHB Ha naeqo, yHocHT ee 3a KyaacH. 6ripHBe3B weH'y aoMoB, nerpypiao b HaanaaHHe eB tmcueHapyer ae-ioe no oame: fipocaeroiyr oaaoro 3a apyraM aa noa. 06pa30BaBiuaaca «xyia- Maaa» B036ywaaer waaocn. a coqyBcrsae KaTapHHbi, ho caMH nocxpaaaB- 6 3uiae He oqeHb aanyraHu npaTBopHUM raeBOM xo3aHaa. OqeBaaao, cayra pa3raabiBaioT ero 3aMucea, Tax xax TOTqac nocae yxoaa xo « b BeceJiO' BcxaxHBaioT a npaHHMaioTca 3a xyfixH c ao pbiM bhhom. TpH*au npepuBaeT neTpyqqao MoaatBy nepea ofieaoM, BHaa, qro Ka- tapHHa ToponmcH x croay, h, x ee aocaae, TpHwabi HaqnHaer caoBai

HaKOHeu, 3a mcmihtboA ocraerca oana B36emeHHaa KaTapHHa, a neTpya- kho 3a ee cnHHofl yaoBaeTBopeHHo yaudaeTCH. Taoce h b apyrae MOMeH- 7U *yKpomeHHH», iyTb OTeepHerca KaTapHHa, oh aodpoayniHo-HacMemaH- bum B3raaaoM caeaHT 3a Hefi, KaK 6hi npoBepaa BoaaeficTBHe CBoefi Bhi- ayMKH. Bo Bcex sthx cueHax KaTapHHa nopuBaerca hto-to cKa3aib, npo- THBopeaHTb ncTpyaiHO, ho Kawaufi pa3 caep*HBaeT ce6a, xoth BuyTpii ee Bee KJioKoaeT. B cueae c HeyaaBuiHMca yjKHHOM npa BHae hctb OHa waaHO rjioraer caioHy; b cueHe c noprauM OHa HecKoahKO pa3 3aKycnBaer ry6hi, xaK 6bi noaaBaaa b cede HeBoabHbift npoTecr. B t3kom cocToaiiHH 3aMKHyxofi b cede dopbGbi KaTapHHa npedhiBaer BnaOTb ao MOMeHTa noe3aKH b aom BariTHCTbi. JIioConbiTHo nocTpoHan pe*Hccepu caeHy noe3aKH, coo6pa3Ho ayxy Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa. Ohh nocaanaH apTHCTOB Ha Hrpymemitae aepeBHHHbie aouiaaKH (roaoisa Ha naaKe), na Koropofi Kawaufi caaieT cbohm «aaaio- poM». CTponTHBbift Koiib neTpyviHO Bee BpeMH rapnyer, ne Mo*eT cto- aTb Ha Meere, aawe Ha oCTaHOBKe nepedapaer HoraMH h aeaaeT BoabTbi to BnpaBO, to Baeeo. ItaaBHofi pucbio mhhtch KaTapHHa, a 3a Hefi Meaxofi HHOXOabJO TpyCHT TpyMHo. Ilocae cnopa (coaHue Han Mecau «a He6e), HaKOHeu, HacrynaeT aoaro- HcaaHHhift nepeaoM b HacrpoeHHH KaTapHHW. OHa 6oabiue He Mower caep- waib paaocTH h cqacTbd, nepenoaHHBuiHx cepaue. CTeHa, pa3aeaaBiuan hx, Bapyr TaeT. KaTapHHa ayaHCTbiMH raa3aMH B3raHflhiBaeT na ny*a h He»- ho cKaoHser roaoBy eMy na naeao. noBeaemre ee c sxoro MOMeHTa peaKO H3- MeHaeTca: Mantne aBHweHHH, naaBHaa penb cmchhiot npewHioio nopbiBHC- TocTb. Meway cynpyraMH TBepao ycTaHOBHaacb imp h arodoBb. Paaocrao, c odowaHHeM raaaHT Ha Hee neTpyaiHO b nocaeaHefi caeHe. Tenepb ot ero 3aH0CTHB0CTH He ocraaocb h caeaa. FIoiTHTeabHo ct3hobht- ca oh nepea HteHofi Ha KoaeHo; b otbct pa hh3khh peaepaHC HewHo aeayer efi pyxy. Boxpyr 3thx ueHTpaabHbix repoeB nbecu noaHOKpoBHofi auuHbio jkh- ByT ocTaabiiue aefictByiomHe anna. Hauiea ce6a b stom cneiaaKae yMyp3aKOB-rpeMHO, qyaaKOBaThifi, mo- aoaaiaHfica crapHK waaKoro BHaa, e aaHHHHM hocom h wecTKo TopaaiitHMit ycaMH. 3 to HBHbifi neyaaMHHK b H3ucicaHH0M odmecTBe: HaMeuiKH Haa co- 6oft OH npHHHMaCT KaK aoa*HOe, OH K HHMITpHBHK. IlpeKpacHyio napy cocTaBHaH b cneKTaicae HanumeHHbifl h caMOBaiod- aeHHbifi jkchhx BbHHKH JlioHeHUHO-AabiabiKHOB h ero cayra TpaHHO-Kap- MblCOB, aeTKHfi H IlOABHXHhlfi. AoCpoayuiHuft h HeaaaeKHft ropreH3Ho-Ory36aeB raweaoBeceH, Mea- AHTeabHo BeaeT pa3rosop Ha hh3khx, dacosux perHCTpax. TaKHM * e ne- aoBKHM oCTaeTca oh, Koraa, nepeoaeBniHCb VHHTeaeM MV3hiKH, nhiTaeTCH yxaKHBaTb 3a ayKaBOfi BbHHKofi. PexHccepn yMeao npHMeHHaH b nocTaHOBKe WHBbie h CMeahie npHe-

hu Hapo/iHofi kommhh: «6HTBy» AByx cecrep noAyuixaMH, cxaaxy Ha jepe- BAHHbix jiomajwax, uuienxH h nofioHma b flowe rieipywHO, aKpo6axnny TpaHHO h Apyrax CAyr, TaHueBaAbiiue HirrepMeAHH (b nocranoBKe A. A. PyMHeBa). Hexoropue MOMeuTU achctbhh conpOBOKAa.raci, My3UKo8 xom- no3HTopa A. Caiwiepa. KpacoiHue koctiomu, Aerxae, AaxoHHiHHe AexopaiwH, AaBaBime TOAbKo iiaMex Ha Mecro AeficTBHa, c ocrpoy.MHOH chctcmoh 3ajeprHBam- WHXCfl h onycKaioiUHxcH uieAKOBux 3anaBecoK, npexpacHO aohoahsah 06- amee Biie'iaTAeHHe ot cneKTaxAH. Flo 6oxau cueHU to noHBAsumcb, to cxpu- BaAHCb 3a 3aHaBecxaMH $acaAU aomob BanTHcm JIkmbraho. CueHy ne- pecexaA 3aHaBec H3 OTAeAbHux iioaoc. Ilepes hhm pa3urpuBaAHCb snmo- AU HHTepMOAHHHoro xapaxrepa. A b rAy6me TeM BpexieHeM noAroxaB- aAHBaAacb o&TaHOBxa aah CAeAywmefl xapTHHu: ABeraue mnpMU b Aone 6auniera, k3mhh c OAeiibHMH poraMii xafiaHbeS rtwioBOfi b AOMe Ilex- pyrnno, b (JiHHaAe— Coraro y6paHHu8 ctoa, a Ha Heu xyfixH h Hcapemif naBAHH c pacnymeHHHM xboctom. CnexraxAb HexpHACH itaraHepaAOCTHHM 3aAopoM, fiypHUM BeceAbcv. IIocTaHOBKa noxa3aAa, xaxoe HeoueHHMoe BocnmaieAbHoe 3HaqeHHe HMeer pafioTa HaA KnaccHiecxofi nbecoB, ecAH OHa npoxoAHT hoa pyxoBOAcmoM CoAbniHx MacicpoB, BAaAeioiuHX peaAHCTHiecKHM mctoaom axrepcxoro TBOpaecTBa. HapaAy c tflBenaAuaToB ho% io> b Khptockom Tearpe 3tot cnex- TaxAb Aoxa3aA, xax opraHHmio mojxct ocbohit. KaiwoHaAbHUH TeaTp mex- arapoBCxyio xomcahx). BaxxHo TOAbxo, hto6u axrep ne caeno xompoBax HaBH3BHHyio H3BK& iJiopMy, a TAySoxo bxoaha b cymecTso HcnoAHaeMoro ofipa3a, hohha era «epHO», CAeaaA cbohmh ero nepewiisaHHH. He few, ccah HcnoAHHTeAb npHAacr o6pa3y nexoTopue lepra cBoero HapoAa,a Beeb cnexTaxAb noAywr nauHonaAbHyio oxpacxy, coo6pa3Ho c xapaxTepoM AaB- noro xoAAexTHBa. 3ra oxpacxa, naoSopoT, HeofixoAHMa, ocoCeHHo b noexa- HOBxax KAaccHiecxHx nbec wa HaiiHOHaAbHoil cipeHe: b HeS 3axAKHaeTCHojhh H3 npH3HaKOB HaUHOHaAbHOfi tpopMu, 6 KoHxpeTHUfi anaAH3 penepryapa Ka3axcxoro AxaAeMHiecKoro Teaipa ApaMu noxa3UBaeT, ixo pa3BHTHe Teaxpa b toau BeAHxofi OrexecTBeHHoS boShu npoxoAHAO HepaBHOMepKo. 1941 —43 toau — nepaoA SHawTeAbHoro noAteMa h oachbachha b pafioTe Tearpa, xorAa h coBpeMCHHaa TeMaraxa, h ipoAboop, h xAaccMta 6uah noAHouemio BonAomeHu na cuene. 0<5T>»CHneTcn sto naipHOTmecxiiii noAieMOM b cpeAe xa3axcxHX ApaMaiyproB h TBopaecxoft axTOBHOcrao hx b nepBufi nepHOABOfiHu, a raxwe yiacxHeM b pa6oTe aAMa-aTHHcrax TeaT- Pob CoAbuioro iHCAa SBaxyupoBaHHux H3 ueHTpa TeaTpaAbHux pa6otHHXOB. MHag xapTHHa Ha6AiOAaAacb b 1944 - 45 roAax. Meaee axTHBHO

crajio TBopieCTBo jpaMaTyproB, a BMecTG c tcm HCieajia co cuenu coBpe- MeHHaa TeMaTHKa. H obuc cneKTaxaa Ha Team Bofinu, nocTaBaemihie b bio BpeMfl, 0Ka3aancb 3HawreabHo hhjke ypoBHH, aocTHrayroro TeaipoM b nep- Bbie BoeHHbie ce30Hbi. 06opBaaacb c orbe3flOu mockobckhx pewaccepoB pa- 6oia Haa xaaccHiecKHM penepryapoM. TojibKo jihhhh (poJiboopHoro penepiyapa npoaoawaaa pa3BHBaTbcH, npHHHMafl Bee onpeaeaeHHee BbipaweHHhiii repoHKo-naTpHOTnaecKnft xapax- Tep. 3thm h cneicramiHMH TeaTp oxKJiaKajica Ha 3anpocu boehhoio BpeMe- hh.HaHGoabuiero ycnexa b stom naaHe TeaTp ao6ajica b cnexraxae «Ko6- aaHau*. B pc3ynbTaTe ycaaeHaa arofi hhhhh penepTyap Tearpa no.iyaaaca oa- ho6okhm.B ce3oae 1945/46 roaa oh cocroaa npeaMymecTBeHHO H3 nbec (po-ibK-iopHoro coaepwaHHa: «Ko6aaHabi», «AxaH-cep3 — A ktoktu*, «Ko- Bep )KoMapTa», «Ehhhk — Ke6eK», «Ko3u-Kopnem — BaaH-Cyay*, «Aa- aap-Koces... 3pnTeab c HHTepecoM npHHHMaa cneKTaKaa (poabKaopHO-HCTopa'iecaae, 3ho b to ateBpeMH cnpaBeaaHBO ynpexaa TeaTp 3a OTptiB ot coBpeMeHHOCTii, a oTCTaBaHHe ot 3anpocoB Harnero ceroaHH. He cayaafiHO Hantaan ra3eTHaa peueH3HH b «Ka3axCTaHcxofi npasae* 3Ha $oabKaopHbie cnexTaxaH 3aKaHinBaaacb ynpexaMH TeaTpy a ero yxoa b npoiuaoe. H3-3a yxaoHa b <}>oabKaopHyio TeManixy h xyaowecTBCHHO-CTHaeBoe pa3BHTHe Teatpa npHofipeao oaHodoxHil xapaicrep. Jlyiume 'notrraHOBKH BoeHHbix a er — poMaHTHiecKoro naana: cnexTaxaH HanpaxcHHoro apaMa- TH3M3, noaHbie OrHH H aHHaMHXH, npHnOaHHTbie Haa SyaHHMH o6biaeHHOfl 1HaHOoaee « , Axan-ceps, KoCaanaw — AfiMaHOBa, HaMuc-yau, Xa3peT HayaH — BaaupoBa, KaTapima, Kapabira — ByxeeBoii, — nocrpoeHhi Ha axiHBHOM aeSCTBHH, 6ypHOM 3aaope, HHoraa npOHHsaHu nosTHHecxHM anpH3MOM. Bee 3T0 — o6pa3bi poMaHTHneexoro naaHa, xoth h lie OTopBaHHbie ot peaaraiua. PaCoTaa npeHMymecTBeroio b B03BumeHHo-naTeTHiecxHX TOHax, TeaTp Tepsa xaioq x nbecan o6biaeHHoii wibhh, k o6pa3aM coBeicxofi coBpeMeH- hocth.He HaxoaHa cpeacTB pacxpuTb Bee goraTcreo BHyrpeHHefi w h 3hh co- BeTCxoro leaoBexa. yxoa B npomaoe, OTpuB ot C0BpeMeHH0CTH b penepiyape, noTepn qyB- craa coBpeMeHHocTH b nrpe axTepoB—moBH peiyabraTbi neBepHoro ny- th,Ha KOTopHS BCiynaa Ka3axcxHfl AxaaeMH'iecKHfl TeaTp apaMbi b KOHue BOiiHbi h b nepBOM nocaeBoeHHOM ce30He. Toabxo nocTaHOBaeHHe U K BKri(6) ot 26 aBrycTa 1946 roaa «0 pe- nepTyape apaMaraqecxHX xeaTpoB h Mepax no ero yjiyqoieHHio* co Bcea pe3xocTbio Bcxpuao oidh6kh TeaTpa, onpeaeanao ero aoar nepea Haimo- HaabHUM 3pHTeaeM, o6ycaoBnao xopeHHog nepeaoa bo Bcefl ero aesneab-

FAoea 7 H0C.1EB0EH1IHE TOJIH (1946—1956) riocTaHOMeHHe 11.R BKri(O) ot 26 aBrycra 1946 roaa «0 penepryape jpaMaTHMecKHX TeaipoB h Mepax no ero ynynueHHio* onpeaeJimio aa jwk- TenbHug nepaofl nyrb pa3BHTHH coBeitKoro Teaipa, b iom iHCJie h xa3ax- cKoro HanHOHa.ibHoro Teaipa. B atom nocTaHOBJieHHH coflepwaaacb cypoBaa KpmHKa coBpeweHHoro coctobhhs npaMaraqecKHx TeaTpoB CoBeicKoro Coi03a: raaBHbifi nejocra- tok hx aeaTeabHOCTH 3awno<<ancfi b tom, ito «nbecu cobctckhx aBiopoa Ha coBpeMeHHbie tomu oxa3aaHCb (paKTHaecKH BUTecHemibiMH H3 peneprya- pa KpynHeSuiHx apaMaTMecxHX TeaTpoB crpawbi*, iiapany c sthm Ha6.iK)' aanocb «pe3MepHoe yBneaeHHe nocranoBKOii nbec Ha HCTopHiecKHeTeMH>. 3th ynpexH Bceueno oTHOCHJiHCb h k Ka3axcKOMy AKaaeMHaecxotiy Teaipy apaMu, nocKOJibuy h b ero aeaTejibHOcra Ha&noaajiHCb iieaocTaTOi h oiuhCkh, xapaxTcpHue njia Bcero coBeiCKOro Teaipa rex jieT. B ero pe- 6nepryape b tot tor npeofijrananH iibecu <}>ojibioiopHO-HCTopH'iecKoro co- aepwaHHa («AxaH-cep3», «Ehjihk— Keflex®, «Ro aaHflbi», «Ajmap-Koce») h He flbwo hh oflHofi nbecu Ha coBpeMeHHyio TeMy, ecjiH He cwraTb «Kn- HariraH Kbiauui*, Koropaa flucrpo couuia co caeHbin. OflHoii H3 npHHHH xpynHbix HeflocTareoB b penepiyape apaMamecKHX TearpoB aB.ia.iacb,no cnoBaM nociaHoaneHHa, «Hey,ioB.ieTaopHTMbHaapaflo- Ta npaMaryproB*. «MHorHe apaMaiyprH,— yxaahiBano nocTaHOBaerae,— CTOHT B CTOpOHeOT KOpeilHblX BOnpOCOB COBpeMeHHOCTH, He 3HatOTJKH3HH H 3anpocoB Hapoaa, He yMewr H30flpa*aTbnyiHJHe qepibi h xaiecrea cobbtcko- roaenoBexa. 3 thnpaMaiypni 3a6biBaioT, mo coBeTCKHH Teaip MO*er Bbinoa- 262

IIHTb CBOK) B3>KHyiO pOJIb B Hejie BOCTlHTaHHS TpyaBWHXCa TOAbXOB TOMCJjy- *iae, earn oh Oyaer bkthbho nponaraHAHpoBaTb nonHTHxy coBercKoro rocy- Aapcnsa, KOTopas aeaHeTCH jXH3iieiiHoiiochoboh coBeTCKoro crpo>i>. B 3T0M OTHOUIGHHH HeVAOBAeTBOpHTeAbHa CblAa H pa6oT3 K33aXCKHX ApaMaTyproB: ohh 3a0biisann cospemeiiHocTb, oxotho yxoAHan ot nee b niy6s BeKOB, a nopofi H3o6pawaaH npoiuaoe b HAeaaH3HpoB3HHOM bhac, Bocxaa- jihjih (peoAa.TbHux BJiacTHTeneii BpoAe xaHa EAitre. OAHa H3 nbec, HAcaAH* 3HpoBaBuiHx (peoAaabHoe npoiuaoe, —«Mhi xa3axH» A. TaxH6aeBa — 6hi- aa HenocpeACTBeiiHo yKa3aHa b nocraHOBJieHHH. riocraHOBaeime c iioahoh nerxocTbio onpeaeaaao 3aAaiH, croaBUine nepeA ApaMaTypraMH h padoTHiixaMH TeaTpoB: «C03AaTb apxHe, noanoueH- 06Hue b xyAOJKecTBeHHOM OTHOiueiiHH npoH3BeaeHnfl o w h 3hh coBercKoro - mecTBa, o coBeicxoM ieaoBeKe». «/lpaMaiyprH h TeaTpn,— roBopwaocb b riocTaHOBaeHHH,— aoajxhij 6OTo pajKaTb b nbeeax h cneKraxanx w h 3hi> coBeTCKoro ofimecTBa b ee He- 6npecraHHOM abhjkghhh BnepeA, BcaqecxH cnoco cTBOBan> AaabHeftmeMy 1pa3BHTHio ayTiuHX cropoH xapaKTepa coBeTCKoro leaoBCKa, c ocofioB ch- AOfi BUHBHBU HXCH BO BpeMH BeAHKOfi OTeiOCTBeHHOH BOfiHU». 6 6B nocaeAyioiuHe roAbi napraftHbie h oSmecrecHHue opraHiraaimti Ka- 3axcraHa bcah iieyxaonHyio opb y 3a nperBopemie b KH3Hb yuasamfi UeHTpaabHoro KoMHTeTa napTHH. y * e bo BTopofi noaoBHHe ceHTSrfips 1946 roAa b AaMa-Aie cocroaaocb 6 06necKoabKO cosewaHHfi pa oTHHKOB KyabTypHoro (JipoHTa, Ha KOTOpux - cywAaaHCb nocTaHOBaeHHH UK BKrt(6) no HAeoaonmeCKHM BonpocaM. Ha coBeiuaHHHx 6nan oTMeneHbi KpynHbie HeAocraTKH b pa3BHTHH xa3ax- exofi aHteparypu h HCKyccrBa, b nacTHocTH, ApaMaTyprHH h reaTpa. Bwao yKa3ano, 'rro b xaaaxcxHx TeaTpax, xax pecnySaHxaHcxHx, Tax h oCaacraux, hh OAHa coBpcMemian nbeca hc souiaa npoHiio b penepTyap80. 3KHna(q6H)TeKabaH3oaexcTBHanHaM, BcHoHcTeOHyBAineaHwiiacHBbonxpioacpaiMe HcxyccTBa XIX naeHyM 6UK 1948 roaa. B pe3oax>UHsix naeHyMa Bbicxa3biBaaocb Tpe oBaHHe eue donee peuiHTeabHoro noBopora nacaTeaeii h reaTpOB pecny6anxn k cospeMeHHoft coBeicxoii TeMaTHxe81. 6Ha IV c-be3Ae Kn( ) Ka3axcTaHa (cpeBpaab 1949) Bonpocu ncxyc- 6CTBa uaa 3aTpoHyru b othcthom AoxaaAe UK. OrMenaaocb, hto nocra- 6KOBaeHHH U K BKn( ) no HAeoaorHxecxHM BonpocaM «noMoraH HanieS nap- thhkoB opraim3auHH oHHCTHTb penepTyap ot 6e3biAe&Hbix MaaoxyAOjxecT- BeHHbix, ne HMeiomHX axTyaabHocm h BocnHTaTeabHoro SHaqeHHH nbec*. Ho ynpaBaeime no AeaaM HcxyccTB h Cox>3 nwcaTeaeS Ka3axcraHa He o6ecneHHAH co3AaHHn BbicoKoxyAowecrBeHiiux nbec, ocnafimw Tpe6oBaHHH x ApaMaTypraM. B pe3oax)UHHX cbe3A TpeCoBaa cnpHHHTb Mepu, ofiecne- ■ iHBaiouiHe co3ABHHe BhicoxoxyAOJxecTBeHHbix h HAefiHO HacumeHHbix Apa- KaTHHeCKHX H My3UKaflbHb!X npOH3BeAeHHfi»a ... /Ictom 1949 roAa coctohach Bcecox)3Hbificmotp cnexTaxaeS Ha coBpe-

MeHHyio TeMy, b kotopom npuHium yiacTHe MHorae Tearpu Ka3a*CTaHa. themn-AKaAeMHiecKHH Teaip npeacraBHA Ha CMOrp jBa cnemiura: CTap» H. EaHMyxaMeaoBa h «3aKOHlecra* A. IUreflHas. riocjie CMorpa UK KIT((!) Ka3axcraHa npHHHJi 18 oim6pH 1949 roja no€T3HOBA6HH6 «0 coctohhhh h 3aaaqax AsabHeiliiiero pa3BHTHa Teatpaab- Horo HCKyccTBa pecny&iHKH», Koropoe ytBepwaaJio, hto nocae 1946 rojia nbecu coBeTCKHx Apa.uaryproB 33hhah Beaymee Mecro b Teaipax pecnyS- J1HKH, OflHaKO B pa3BHTHHTBaTpa He H3HCHTUCepbe3Hbie HeAOCTaTKH. «B Ka3axcKoS ApasiaiypruH eme He co3aaHbi noAHoueHHue roecu c 33nOMHH3K)UIHMHCH 0fipa3aMH HaiHHX COBpeMeHHHKOB, BOMOIUaroUIHX Bce- 6e Bee HOBoe h nepeaoBoe, npoMiieaemra, rayfioico h apKo pacKpHBaKrawe aBanrapAiiVK) pcwib fioabnieBHCTCKoii napraH b couHaaHcnroecKOM crpoH- TeJibCTBe. MHonie npoii3BeaeHHH Ka3axcKOH ApaMaiypraK xyaoxecrBeHHO He 3penfai, Majioy6efliiTeJibHbi, He pacKpuoawr CoraToro AyxoBiioro MHpa co- eeicKoro qeaoBera*. «TBopqecKne Heyaaqn psma TeaipoB no co3mhhk) cneKTaKaefi Ha cob- peMcinibie TeMbi ofibHCKsnoTca npewae Bcero cjia6oli pafioTOit arnepoB h pexHecepoB Haa noBumeHHeM CBoero cneHHqecKoro MacTepcTBa, hacShq- noAHTHMecKoro ypoBHH, HeaocTaioqHHM myqeinieM coBercKoB aeHCTBHTenb- 3aaaqaM yaymieHHH HaeoaonnecKoB pafioru b napniHHbix opraHioa- uhbx pecny&MKH 6ua nocBHweH VIII naeHVM UK Kn(6) Ka3axcraHa. co3B3HHbiB b oKiaGpe 1951 roaa. B ochobhom aonaaae no sroMy Bonpocy 6biao yica3aHo, hto pa3BHrae HCKyccTBa b pecnySamte npoxoanao noa 3M- kom BbinoAHeHHH yKa3anHH napniH, oaHaao aocrarHyrae ycnexa HeaoCTa- lOHHbi. OnbrrHHe apaMaTypm nepeciaan mtcarb nbecu, Monoaue, Haw- Haionwe apaMaiypra aHiueHu TBopnecKOH noMOuur h pyxoBoacTBa. «Abto- pu puna nbec... H3o6pa*aioT coBeTCKHx moaefi rpyfibiMH, MaaoKyabTypHU- mh, MopaabHo HcnoaHoaeHHUMH, ito HMaeiCH rpyfiuM HCKaxceHHeMcoseT- CKOfi aeHCTBHTeabHOCTH*. Bonpocaw HCKyccTBa Simo yaeneao BHHMamie TaKwe Ha V h VI «e3- aax KoMMyHHCTHiecKoB napran Ka3axcTaHa, coctohbuihxch b aexa6pe 1951 h b ceHTB6pe 1952 roaa. Ha V Cbe3ae, b oneraoM aooaae UK, OTMeaanHCb cepbe3Hue seaoc- TaTKH h HaeoaoraiecKae ohihSkh b p33bhthh HCKyccTBa Ka3axcTaHa. B ps- ae nbec HCKawaeicH coBetCKaa aeBcrsHieabHOCTb, cobctckhm aioahm npit- nHcuBaioTCH orcraaue HpaBU h ofSuqan. B pe3oaiouHHx Cbe3aa oTuenena HeofixOaHMOCTb C03A3HHH BUCOKOXyAOJKeCTBeHHUX H HaeSHO HaCUmeHHblX npoHSBeaeHHft, cBo6oaHux or HaeoaorHsecioix oiiih6ok h ocBemaiomHX npe- HMymecTBeHHOcoBeicxyK) TeMaiHKy\". Ha VI ciesae roBopnaocb o HeofixoaHMOCTH ao KOHua AHKBHAHpoBaib pewaHBbi 6ypjKya3Horo HanHOHaansMa b AHiepaType h HcnyccTse. B peso- mouhhx cie3Aa Bucna3aH0 Tpe6oBaHHe «o6ecnennTb fiucTpeSuiee HCKope- 264

HeHHe oiuh6ok h H3BpameiiHH 0ypHiya3HO-HamiOHa^HCTHi!ecKoro xapaxrc- p a b TBopiecTBe nHcareaeft, komiio3htopob, xyao*HHKOB pecny&iHxa, mo- 6iuiH30BaTb hx CH.ibi n a cosoamre BbicoKOHaefnibix xyaojxecTBeHHbix npoH3- BeaemiH, cnexTaxaefi. xHHo(|>HJibMOB h xapTHH o 3awcqaTeabHux TpyaoBbix ycnexax Tpyasmmxcs pecny6ani<n, o Apy«6e HapoaoB CCCP, ofl hx Ooph- 6e 3a MHp BO BC6M MHpe»*>. B 1952 rosy naproa h coBerCKaa ofimccTBeHHOcn. npoBena 3Ha>iHTeiib- xyio 6opb6y nporaa 6ecxoH(j).iHKTHOCTH b coBeTcxoft apaMaTypraa. /Ipa- MaryprH, HertpaBH-ibHo nomiMaa 3aaami couHajiacTHHecxoro peann3Ma, 60SJIHCb nOKa3bIBaTb TpyAHOCTH H HeAOCTaTKH COBCTCKOfi 5XH3HH, CMa3WBa- xh, 3aTymoBbrBa.iB HMOoiuiieca b wh3hh npoTHBoperaa, jiaxapOBajia «e8- CTBHTeJIbHOCTb. HeKOTOpbie KpHTHKH TpefiOBajIH, HTOShl B IlbeCaX BhlBOAH- XHCb Tojibxo noiiojKHTejibHbie THtibi, a ecaa apaMaiypr nona3biBaji oTpHpa- TejibHbie »B.ieHHB *H3HH, OTpHuaTeJibHbie o6pa3u, to ero aapaxHCb pac- KpHTHKOBatb. IloAcaxapeHHbie, AHiueHHHe KOHip.iHKTa nbecu He 3aHHTepe- coBUBaan 3pHTens, Ka3ajmcb HeHCKpeaiiHMH, (paJibuiHBbiMH. OcHOBHoft yaap no OecxoHiJwiHKTHoCTH tiaHecaa peaaKUHOHHaa craTbH m era «ripaBAa» — «npeoaoaeTb OTCTasaHHe apaMaTypraa*, ony&iHxo- BaHHaa 7 anpena 1952 roaa. GraTbH yreepiKAa.ia: sDiaBHaa npniHHa 6ea- hocth ApaMaTyprHH, caaSocTH mhofhx nbec coctoht b tom, bto apaMaTyp- r« He xaaayT b ocHOBy cbohx npoH3BeaeHHii rjiy6oKHe, »H3iieHKbie xoh$- jiHKTbi, o6xoa»T hx>. «XyaowHHK, no-HacTOHiueMy 3Haiomn5 WH3Hb, Biy«- ihbo HafiawaaiouiiiS 3a BceM npoHCxoamuHsi Boxpyr, He MO*eT He BHaert,. ■ rro ua nyra crpoHTeaew KOMMyHH3Ma BCTpeaaiOTCH npenaTCTBHH h Tpya- hocth, cepbe3Hbie KH3HeHHbie npOTHBoperaa, npeoaoaeHHe xcrropux Tpefiy- eT CoabuiHX ycH/iHfl, Bbicoxoro C03H3HHH CBoero narpHOTHiecxoro aoara. Bopbfia noBoro co crapbiM BU3biBaeT caMue pa3Hoo6pa3Hue »H3HeHHbie KOHfpaHKTbl, 6e3 KOTOpbIX HeT JKH3HH, a CTa.IO ObITb, H HeT HcxyccTBa». CTaTba npn3biBana k 6oaee CMeaoMy OToSpajxeHHio Ha caeHe sthx npoTH- BOpeiHH H KOHCjWIHKTOB. KpHTHaecKHe saMeaaHHa h BbiBoau 3to8 CTaTbH b noaHoS Mepe xaca- jracb Ka3axcxoft apaMaTypnm, b xoTopofi Taioxe cxa3biBaaaCb Te«aeHUHa npmyiymaTb *H3HCHHbie koh^wikhtu, TpycaHBO o6xoaHTb HMeBUjHeca b jkh3- HH HeaOCTaTKH. BawHbie yxa3aHHH pa6oTHHxaM HCxyccTBa 6imh aaHhi Ha XIX napTHfi- hom <n>e3ae b oTaeTHOM aoxnaAe UeHTpaabHoro KoMHTeTa B K n (6). flox- aaa OTMeiaa, bto ypoBeHb mhothx npoHaaeaeiiH® coBercxofl AHTepaTypH a HCxyccTBa erne HeaocTaTOHHO bucok: «MHororpaHHas h KHnyaaa *H3Hb cOBeTCKOro ofimecTBa b TBop'iecTBe HeKOTopux imcaTeaeS h xyao*HHKOB H3o6pawaerca bhao h cxyiHO*. Aoivian npH3UBaa x 6anee CMeaoMy noxa- 3y B HCKyCCTBe JKH3HeHllblX npOTHBOpeBHfl H K0H<|UIHKT0B, noAb3yacb opyax- eM kphthxh h caTHpu, H0Ab3yacb npHeMOM co3iiaTeabHoro npeyBMHieHHa

UK Kn KasaxcraHa b noCTaaoBAeaHH, npaaaTOM b Aeita6pe 1952 row: <0 sajaiax napraiHoa opraaraaiuiH pecny&iaaa no nponarawe pemeHHi 2 Pa3BHTHG Ka3axcKoro AKaneMHqecnoro TeaTpa ApaMH b nocaeBoerawe roAU mao no nyiH, yKa3aHHOMy nocraHO&aeiiHeM UK BKI1(6) <0 penep- Tyape ApaMarmocKHX TeaipoB h Mepax no ero yayqmeHHio*\". 3a 3th roan npoHcxoAHAo nocrenemioe yapenneHae h pacurapeHae KoxicKTiiBa. Ilocjie OKOHMaima bohhh b ero cocTaB B03BpaiH.iHCb ampa, cpaxaBuiaeca panee lia (jipoiiTe b paAax CoBercKoil ApMHH, b tom qacae Ka-iKeii AAUJibMHHOB, KaauK CaypuKOB a Apyrae. HeCKOAbKO MOJIOAblX AapOBHTHX aKTCpOB npHlUAO B KOJIAeKTHB H3 te- STpaAbHbix yqHAHiu AnMa-Arbi h TauiKeHTa (HypMyitaH XCaarypHH, Ky- xhuj CenceM6aeBa, 3aM3ary.ib lllapanoBa). H3 6aaemoi Tpynnu nepenwa b ApaMy XaAHiua yKHeHKVAOBa, caaqaaa HeyBcpeHHO qyBCTBOBaBinan ce«J n ApaMe, ho 3aieM npoaBHBUiaa HecoMaeHHoe aarepcKoe AapOBaHae. B 1954 roAy b KoaaeKTHB TeaTpa boujah 19 BUnycioiHKOB CTyAaa TocyAapcr- BCHHoro HHCTHTyTa TeaTpaAbHoro acayccTBa hm. JlyHaqapcKoro. XyAowecTBeHHUM pyKOBOAHTeaeM TeaTpa b paccMaipaBaeMbifi nepaoj M.6ua c 1944 roAa UlaKeH AfiMaHOB, a nocae aero c moaa 1951 roAa - H. roabA6aaT, B03BpaTHBUiafica b AaMa-ATy nocae BOCbMaaeraero ne- pepbiBa. TeaTp nepecMOTpea cboh TBopqecKHfi nyrb b CBere nocTaHOBJiemfi UK BKI1(6) no HAeoaoraaecKHM BonpocaM, oco3Haa AonymeaHbie onrafiei — yXOA OT COBpeMeHHOCTH B CTOpOHy (JjOAbKAOpa H 3nOCa, npHAOJKHAsee yCHAHfl MX BbinpaBACHHH TBOpqeCKOil AHHHH. IlOAHOlieHHOe OTOfipaXeHHe coBpeMeHHofi coBertKofi x h 3hh cTaAo ueHTpaAbHoii 3aaaqeii ero luaatU' hocth. OcHOBHoe Mecro b penepTyape 3aHsuiH nbecu HauHOHaabHoS jpa- Marypraa Ha coBpeMeHHbie reMhi. Hapsay c sthm Teaip crpeMaaca BbinoAHHTt yica3aHHe o nepeBOAe aa mhkh HapoAos CCCP h o BKAioqeHHHb penepTyap TeaTpoB HanHOHaabHW pecnyOaHK ayqiaax npoa3BeAeHHa coBeTCKoii ApaMaiypraa. nocae xAHie*- Horo nepepbiBa Ha ero cueHe CTaaa noBBASTbcn nepeBeaeaHue c pyccxoro nbecu H3 coBercaoS XH3HH: «no6cAHTeaa» B. MapcaoBa, «3anoH qecrn> A. UiTefiaa, «KaaHH0Baa poma* A. KopaeSayaa. CurpaHU 6hah Tax** nbecu H3 wh3hh AMepHKH: «ray6oKiie xopaa* Toy h A.fl’IOcco, «roAOC AMepaaaj B. JlanpeaeBa.

OaHaxo b noaCope pyccrax naec aaa nociaHOBKH Ha Ka3axcxofi cueHe pyKOBoanreaH TeaTpa He npoaBHaa hvjkhoh npoHHuaTenbHocrn h ayrKocTH. 6O hh He HamaH nbec Ha o6me3HaiHMue h ocrpue TeMH, xoropue mothh m B3BoaHOBaTb HaunoHaabHoro 3pHTeaa, Biuioiiiyio 3aTpoHyTb cro HHTepe- ch . nocranoBKH 9Toro naaua He HMenu 3HaiHTeabHoro ycnexa Ha cueae, h noTOMy Heaoaro coxpaHaancb b penepTyape TeaTpa. riepBofi nocraHOBKofi Ka3axcxoro AKaaeMHiecxoro TeaTpa apaMH noc- OUTKBerooMpeHnaep3rtyopaenocarpaaHMOaBTaHeiHecHxeHX6biTaeaTcnpeoBxTahxaxbax«ri6ou- ae IlocTaHOBaeHHn HenocpeacTBeHHNM ueaHTean» B. MnpcKOBa, nocraBaeimufi b (peBpaae 1947 roaa88. BfauioaHsisi yxa3aHHH riocraHOBaeHHH BbiaeaaTb aaa nocraHOBOK cnex- TaKaeii Ha coBpeMeHHMe coBercKHe Teua ayarnax peaoiccepoB h apTHCTOB, Ka3axcKHH Teaxp 3anaa b arofi nocraHOBKe Becb cboS BeayiUHii cocTaB. Oc- HOBHMe poaH Hrpaaa caabHeSoiHe axiepu: reKepaaa MypaBbeaa — KanaH BaaupoB, reHepaaa BiworpaaoBa — KaaaSeK KayHhiumaeB, reHepaaa 63KpHBeHKo — IIIaxeH ABm 3hob. Kpimixa np»3Haaa awaanHue h mh o pa u yaaHHUMH. BaflMpoB (MypaBbeB) aaa o6pa3 BayM<WBoro, onuTHoro reHepaaa c lunpoKHM Kpyro3opoM h 6oabiuHM BoeHHMM onMTOM; Hrpaa OH UpKO, Kpyn- KbiMH M33K3MH, KyaHumnaeB xopoiuo noKa3aa HepeuiHTeabHOCTb, axaae- KH3M, cyxocTb BxnorpaaoBa, He cnoco6noro iiOHfrn. innpory 33MMCaoB My- paBbeBa. AiiMaHOB bubbiui CeccrpauiHe, ao6aecrb reaepaaa Kphbchko, noa- bepHHya ero nopuBHCTOCTb, rpaHHiHBwyro b Hexoropux MecTax c nerxo- MMcaneM. OaHaao Heckotoa Ha ycxaHsi ochobhux HcnoaKHTeaeS, cnexTaxab b ue- aoM ue aocTHr BucoKoro xyaowecTBeHHoro ypoBHB. 06pa3M BToporo naa- Ha, apyrnx npeacTaBureaefi CoBercKoil Apmhh, 6mbh Maao HHaHBHAyaaH- aiipoBaHU, cxeMaTHHHu; noayMHaacb cepaa Toana, oaeTaa b reHepaabCKHe MyKAHpbl. 63 to o6T>acnaeTca TeM, hto nbeca «fIo eaHTeaH» BKaxreeHa b penep- Tyap TeaTpa 6e3 yieTa HHflHBHayaabHux ocodeHHoereii Tpynnu TeaTpa h HHTepecoB Ka3axcKoft naiiHOHaabHofl ayaHTopHH. Bonpocu Bucuieft BoeH- 6Hoft CTpaTerHH, noanarue b mece. He 3axBaTMBaa« 3pHTeaa, TeM oaee, 'ito TeMaraxa boh hu ywe orxoaHna Ha BTOpoft mail, ycTynaa Mecro hh- TepecaM h 3a6oTaM nocaeBoeHHoro nepHoaa. 6He 3axBaraaa 3pHTeaa h apyraa nepeBoanaa nbeca, noHBHBiuaaca Ha cueHe TeaTpa b aoa pe 1948 roaa, — «3axoH necra* A. UlTciiiia8*. B HeB nouHHTa uiHpoxas, Boanyiouiaa TeMa — o B3aHMoae0cTBHii coBeTCKOfi h m h - pOBOft xyabTypu. H o TpaicroBaHa sra TeMa c y3Ko 3aodoaHeBHofl tohkh 3pe- 6 6 6iiaa (b naaHe opb u c KOCMonoanTH3MOM), paapeniena oauo oKO. B pe- 06ayabTare y 3pHTeaa mot B03HHKHyn> aa*e HenpasHabHbiS, onpoBeprHyTMft HCTOpueS BMBOa — OTpbiBe coBercKoS xyabTypu ot MHpoBoa. PejKHCcep Acxap ToxnaHOB h Becb HcnoaHHTeabcxHfi xoaaexTHB He cmot-

JTH npeOflWICTh HCKyCCTBCHHOCTH B P33BHTHH AefiCTBHH nilecu, HCKyCCTBeH- kocth o6pa30B, o6pHCOBaHHux c pacqeTOM jiHiiib npomiaiocTpHpoBa'n, 3a- panee iia^yMaimyio Haeio. 06pa3 BepeficKoro b HcnojraeHHH Kanaaa BaaupoBa ona3anca o6ea- hch, He fibi.TO bh.iho napTHfhioi! crpacTHOcrH b ero 6opb6e npoTHB kocmo- nojiHTH3Ma, HeAOCTaTOMHoBbiHBJieHHTpeBora 3a /Io6poTBopcKoro, seaaHHe HanpaBHTb ero Ha BepHhift nyTb. JtofipoiBopcKHH b HcnojiHciiHii )KarAM OrofiaeBa 3aypHfles h cyx, Ory36aeB ne cy.ueji noKa3aTb b flofipoTBopcKOM foflbinoro yneHoro, koto- pw# TOJtbKo H3-3a oipbiBa ot coBeiCKofl jefiCTBHTeabHocni nonaji no,arae- TBopHoe BjiHHiine JloceBa. rpyfioBaTO-ynpomeHHo pncoBaa JloceBa, stofo HH3KonoKJioHCTByioiHe- ro nepea 3ana®M kocMonojiHta, Kajiant CayphiKOB. HesocTaTOBiio spKo Bupaweno b cneKiatcne npoiHBonocTaBJieHHejays ToieK 3peimH na Hayny: cooHanHcraqecKofi h 6yp*ya3Ho8. «3axoH qecTH> b nocTaHOBKe AKaaeMHqecKoro TeaTpa 6bw noKa3an 08.neroM 1949 rona Ha Bcecoio3HOM CMOTpe cneKiamieii coBpejieHH coBer- cicofi TeManncH. HeAOCTaiKH nocraHOBKH 6hum OTMeneHu komhcchbS no cMorpy h coBeraaraeM npH U K KI1(6) Ka3axcT3Ha b mone 1949roaa,koto- 3poe noABOAHjio morn CMOTpa no pecnyfijmite. H nepeBOAHux nbec coBpeMeiraoS TeMannoi ycnex «a cueiie Ka3ax- cKoro AKaaeMiinecKoro Tearpa HMena TOJibKO nbeca UxtefiMca Toy h Ap- ho fl’IOcco «Diy6oKHe Kopm», nociaMCHHan b HHBape 1948 roja\". ycnex cneicraioiH ofiMCBneTCH, b nepByio onepeAb, HHrepecoM cosercKoro spirre- flak Bonpocy o nonoxeHHK HerpoB b AwcpHKe, coayBCTBHeu 6opb6e Her- poB 3a paBnonpaBHe. CneKTaicnb CTaBwi Acaap ToraiaHOB. Sro 6bina OAHa H3 Han6oaee ynamiux ero nocraHOBOK. Pe*Hccep npaBanbHO noHsui h pa3bscHHJi aKTe- paM nbecy. B stom cneicraoe MeHbine, new b Apyrax nowaHOBKax Toma- HOBa, omynianca pa3phra Mexny 3avuc;iOM u BbinaimeHneM. ripaBAHBo ofipacoBaH b cnemiaie o6pa3 Bperra (IUaKen AnMaHOB). 06Bo3mo)kho, hto Canbuiyra iiacbimemiocTb nrpe AflMaHOBa npHAana Bocno- MHHaHHH yrHeTeHHOM nonoweHHH Ka3axoB b AopeBontotpiOKHoe Bpesra: nepeAaBaa npoiecT Bpem, amep cyMen ncnoAb30Barb HcnuraHHoe hm ca- mhm qyBCTBO B03MymeHiia, xorAa oh BHAen npoa&neHHH HamiOHanbiioflahc- HpHMHHaUHH. Ho an-ep Hrpan He npocro crpaAaHHa BperTa nepeA jihuom Haoumn, ne 6e3AyMHyio apocn yrHeieHHoro Herpa, a npoTeci nenoBeKa c innpoKH- mh nepenoBUMH B3raaAaMH, pa3yM Koroporo He MO*er npHMHpnrbca c bos- wyniTe/ibHOH, He HaxoAamefl ce6e HHaanoro onpanaaHHa HecnpaBezyiH- BocTbio. AflMaHOB noiqepKiiBa.-iHe MenoApaManraecKHe CHryaunH nbecti, a nepeAOBoe viHpoB033peHne Bpem.

H 3 apMHH Bperr B03BpauiacTcn b aom JlenrAOHa c OTKpUTofl Aymofi, c xopouiHM ayBCTBOM k 3thm /nofl9M, cpeaii KOTopux oh npoBeji cBoe aer- ctbo. Oh eme He noHHMaeT, aro b stom aoMe k HeMy othocatch KaK k 3a- CaBHofl m-pyinxe, ho He A°nycTsrr ero 6opt6a 3a paBHOnpaBHe Herpos. B 9THX cueHax aarep bliabha SaaropoACTBO Bperra, He3aBHCHMOCTb seaoBeKa, KOTopuii MHoroMy HayaHaca aa (ppoHre, no3iiaK0MHaca c wn3Hbio Apyrax napoAOB Eapona. Ilo yniy, no uiapoTe B3raHA0B Bperr ctoht bu- uie Apyrax o6HTareaeft Aoiaa a caM noHHMaeT CBoe npeBocxoACTBO. ray6o- xaa apouaa 3Byaaaa nopofi b AHaaorax Bperra c Aaacoi), JlearAOHOM a ax ■ Saii3KHMH. TporaTejibHO npoBOAHA aicrep pa3roB0p c Marepbio, Koropaa yMoaaeT ero CMapaTbca nepea xo3aeBaMH, cayniarbCH ax, ae ncrynaib c hhmb b kohiJahkt. Bperr aioSht MaTb, ho He ycTynaer efi, oh ae Mower orna3aTb- •CHOT CBOHX B3rAHA0B, OT CBOeft 6opb6faI. fayfioKyiO rpyCTb H HeWHOCTb BH- 6unominepawaer ahho Bperra, xoraa ero ofiaaMaer Marb, ho b to we BpeMH raa3a era oOpatueHH BAaab, Kax ayMofi o cyabfiax cBoero aapoAa, 0 6opb- <Se sa Hapoaaoe Macrae. nocxeneHHo Bperry craHOBHTca scho, xaxaa rpyAaaa 6opb6a npea- ctoht CMy c /IenraoHOM a Aaacofi. HaaaHaiOTCa MyaareabHue iiohckh bu- onpuruA6ynrxoaa, np'aBHJibHofl ahhhk noBeAemia, nocKOJiaxy xawerca eme HeB03M0WHHM. Bo.ibmoro Haxaaa Aoeraraer arpa aKTepa b MOMear, xoraa JlearAOH ofiBHHaeT Bperra b Kpawe aacoB: thcb h B03Mymeme Tenepb 3axaecrhina- iot ero, oh noaoH apocTO, xax paneHui'i 3Bepb. BeaieHCreo 3aKanaer b aeM, Koraa oh noayaaer nomeiHHy or Aaachi. Oh XBaTaer ee 3a pyica a, xaweT- C9, roTOB y6nTb. Ho roraac we on oBaaaeBaer cofioii a thxo npoH3HocaT: «He CoflTecb, a Bac ae y6bio»... OrapbiTbig npoiecT Bperra npopuaaerca, HaKoaeu, b cueHe apecTa. Ho aeM Aa.ibme pa3BepTbiBaerca 6opb6a, tcm HCBee noaaMaeT Bperr, ■fro cajiofl HHiero ae B03bMeuib. Oh AoaweH ycTynHTb, noKHHyrb MaTb, OTKa3aTbca ot ZlweHeBpu. MyaHTeabao nepewHoaa AftMaHOB-Eperr yxoA H3 AOMa, rAe npornao ero actctbo. «LUaKeH nrpaa npoHHKHOBeaHo, — paccKa3biBaioT ero napTHepu, — c hhm aerxo 6hiao cocpeAOToaaTbCH, oa yBaexaa 3a C0608 Apyrax caaoil CBoero nepewHBaHaa». Hrpa AftMaHosa 6uaa Hacrojibao coAepwaieabHa, <>to pyccKHfl Tearp AaMa-Ara, craBaBUiHa «ray6oKae Kopaa* aeroM 1948 roaa, Taicwe nparaacaa ero curpatb poab Bperra, b oaepeab c ochob- hum HcnoaHHTeaeM. ^pKHM npoTHBonocTaBaeaaeM Bperry b cnemaae 6h a ceHarap Jlear- aoh b HcnoaaeHHH K anaH a BaAupoBa, y6ewAeHHbift Bpar paBuonpaBHH Her- pOB, B KOTOpOM HeHaBHCTb K «'iepHbIM» B3pam6Ha TpaAaUHBMH HCCKOabKHX noxoaeaHii. Aarep crpeMHaca, OAHaao, H36eware oahokpacoHHOCTH o6pa3a. B

nepBbix cuenax oh pwcoBaji JleHrAona 3a6oTAH8biM xo3bhhom AOMa, bhhmb- TojibHbiM CTIIOM. OiflaBaB roBapiiy cTapHanue iacbi, ^eeraoH c yBjieie- hkom npeaaercB mpmecKHM BocnoMHHanHBM o ciacTAHBOM npouiAOM. . IlpHC3a Bperra noBepracT /Ienraona b TpeBory. Oh He Mower noHsm>, hto cayHHaocb b onpywaioiueM ero ofimecTBe, Oana AO'ib eaer Bcrpeian. Bperra, apyraa noMoraer eMy ycrpoiiTbca Ha paGory. Bee Boxpyr ona3H- eaerca iieiiaaewno, Aawe flowepaM HeAb3H BepHTb. TeM SoAbiue ero HeHa- BHCTb k Bperry, BHHOBHHKy paMaaa. nocieneiiHo paacpbraaioTCfl b JleHraOHe lepra KanHTaAHcra-XHUiHH- Ka, KOTophifi Hiier Ha npecryiuieHHe pajH AOcniweHHH cbohx uejiei'i. Hotae/iHHfi MOHoaorJleiirflona — KAHTBa HeHaBHACTb Herpos — mwiep- KiiBajicH b nocraHOBKCaanoMHHaiomeflcH MH3aiicueHofl: b Ge/iOMKOCTiOMeHa MepHOM (pone JleHrflOH BocnpHHHMa.rca khk BonaomeHHe pacH3ua. Po.ih /Iweneiipbi HrpariH b cnemuie abc apTHCTKH, KawAaa no-CBoe-. My. IHoAnau JKaHflapGexoBa piicoBa.ia ee eoBCeM lOHoii, AeBOTKoft-noApocT- kom, Aencofi H oSasTWibHoii. y Xbahuih EyneeBoS JlweHeBpa noayqaaacb Gojiec B3pocjiOH, MyweeTBeHHofi, c nepewHBaHHSMH fiojiee rAyfiorawH no. ApaMaTH3My, )KaHaap6eKOBa xopoma b nepBO0 no.ioaHiie cnemwia, rae VMeerHO noAacpKHyTb HaHBHoerb ZIweHeBpbi, ee HenocpeACrBeHHOCTb, He- onbiTHOCTb b Bonpocax noJiHTHKH, nocKoabKV ona He noHHMaeT, noieMy ei H6iib3H jnoGHTb Bperra. OcofieHHO rporareabHo npoBOfliuia aprHcnca cue- Hy c KyKJiofl, rae ilwcHeBpa npeAaeTCH BocnoMHHaHHBM o Aercree h BeAer ce6a KaK HaHBHuS pefieHOK... EyKeeBofl b stoh caeae npHXOAHAOCb noane- AUBaTbca noA MOAOAeHbKyio AeByrnay. /kpii'iecKofi Ten.ioroii oKpaniHBaaa UloanaH cpeHy nocAe nporyAKH c BperroM b napae, BocnoMHHaHHa o nep- bom b ee 3KH3HH noueAye. ByxeeBa, Haofopor, .ryarne bo BropoS noAOBme cneKTaKAa, rAe Hyw- ho BHaBHTb ApaMarHiecKHe nepeatHBaHHa .flweHeBpbi, ee 6opb6y c otuom h Ajihcoh, KoimawmyioCH pa3puBOM c ceMbeii a yxoAOM H3 poAHoro AOMa. Cana nepewHBaHHS aKrpHCbi yfiewAaAa 3pHre-iefi, hto /(weHeBpa rorosa nocBSTHTb cbok) AaAbHefluiyio WH3Hb 6opb6e 3a CnpHBeAAHBOCTb. Mewce yaaiHUM 0Ka3aAca m K83axcK0ii cueHe o6pa3 Aahch. Hcwa- HHTeAbHHlia 3T0S pOAH XaAHUia X^HeHKyAOBa, TOAbKO Ha'IHHaBUiaa B Te roAbi cBoft cu,eiiimecKHft nyrb, wrpaAa npHMHTHBHo: to OHa AioSoBaAacb co- 6ofl, cBoefl xoaoahoS Kpacorofl h AoporHMH KocTtowaMH, to HecAepacaHHO KaCpacbiBaAacb Ha Bperra, cpa3y we, c nepBbix cuea npoaBAaa HeoSy3- AaHHyto HenaBHCTb k HeMy. He 6uao hh nepeAOMa b OTHomeHHH a BpeT- Ty, hh xhtpocth, no6ywAaiouieii AAHCy npHKpbiBarb Aio6e3HO0 3a6orAB- BocTiio cboh crpax nepeA MepHoft pacofi. PaxHa Koftay6aeBa co3AaAa 3aMeiaTeAbHbJH ofipa3 MarepH Bperra, CKpoMHoj’f, qecTHoii, cepAeqHofi weHuiHHbi. BHaqaAe sto 6e3ponoTHoe, no- KopHoe eymecTBO, HCKpeHHe npeAaKiioe cbohm X03neBaM, Koropux osa C; AercTBa npasbiKAa ysawaTb h SoroTBOpHTb. TeM pe3Me BbipacraeT o6pai

k KOHuy cneKTaHM, KorAa, iiOTpacemiaa KOBapCTBOM o6bhhchhh, Hccnpa- Bea.iHBbiM oraouieiiHeM k cbiHy, oHa nopbiBaeT c aomom JlewAOHa, co aceM MHpOM 1I3CHAHH H 3Jia. B 3TOH C!(eHC rope MaiepH, TOTOBOft OTflaTb «H3Hb. 3a AiofiHMoro cbiHa, nepenjicTaerca c HGHaBHCtbio k ikgctokhm nacnAbHH- KaM, yraeraioiUBM poahoh iiapoa. CneKraiuib Teiwo 6un npHHHT oSmecrBeHHocTbio Ka3axcTaHa; oh 3Ha- KOMHA SpHTGAfl C [lOAOJKCHHCM HGrpOB B COBpGMGHHoR AMepHKe, B036y)KAaA HGHaBHCTb K paCH3My. ycnex SToro ciiGKTaoa onpoBGpraer HeofiocHOBaHHoe yrBepwAeHHe HGKOTOpux KpHTHKOB, 6vato napeBOAHuS pcnepTyap BOo6me nxoxo Bocnpn- HHMacTCa nauHonaAbHofl ayAHTopHeii. KorAa nociaBJieHHaa nbcca cbohm co- AGpjKanHGM 3aTparHBaer 3pHT6AH, ona npexpacHo BOcnpHHHMaercH, xoth h pacyer wn3Hb, oaeiib AaAGKyio or Ka3axcitoft. 3 3HaiHT6JibHo AOAbiue Aep*aviHCb Ha cucHe AicaAeMOTBCKoro TeaTpa nbecbi HauHOHaabHoft ApaMaiypnoi Ha tcmh cobpgmghhoh coiiercKoft wh3hh. TeMaTHKa sthx nbec, no cpaBHGHHio c aoboghhum bpgmchgm, pacuiH- pHJiacb. B nocraBJiGHHbix nbGcax 6UAH noica3aHbi h pa6oia KaparaHAHH- CKHX UlaXT, H )KH3Hb K0AX030B, H O0BOAHeHIie SacyiUAHBblX 3eMeAb, H pO- 3uckh MHHGpaAbHbix 6oraTCTB b ropax Ka3axcTaHa, h crapaHHsi HayiHux pa60THHK0B->KHB0TH0B0A0B BBGCTH B TipaKTHKy HOBUe nopOAbl CKOT3... B 3TH rOAU Ha CUGHG rtOHRAHAHCb KOAX03HHKH H paOoiHe lUaXT, HHJKCHGpbl- crpoHTeAH h reoAorw, ono.iorn h BpaiH, napraflHue paSoTHHKH. Flapaji- AGAbHO C OCHOBHbIMH TGM3MH npOH3BOAGTBGHHOrO nOpRAKa nbGCU 3aTparH- BaAH BOHpOCbl APyWfibl H AK)6bH, COBGTCKOfi MOpaAH H 3TIIKH, tipOTHBO- nOCTaBAHAH TBOpieCKOe OTHOUJGHHC K pafiOTe — 6e3AyiHHOMy KapbGpH3My H HHAHBHAyaAH3My, IlCpCAOBUe, npOrpGCCHBHUe B3rAHAbI H CTPGMAGIIHH — AGHH H OTCraAOCTH®'. Oahbko b pafiore HaA coBpeMeHHO# coBercicoS TGMaTHKoA, b OTo6pa- jkchhh couHaAHCTHiecKoro CTpoHTGAbcrBa cbogS pecny&rHKH KaaaxcKan ApaMaTypraa, KaK h bch ApaMarypraa CoBercKoro Coio3a, Bcrpemnacb c pHAOM TpyAHOCTCfl TBOpHGCKOrO HOpHAKa, OCofieHHO B o6A3CTH HOCTpOGHHH KOH(pAHKT3. B nOABBAHIOIUGM fiOAbUIHHCTBe nbGC AOBOGHHOrO BpGMGHH KOH(j)AHKT crpoHACH Ha 6opb6e cobgtckhx AiOAcfl c npGAcraBHTGAHMH BpaasecKHX Knac- COB, C KyAaKaMH, BpCAHTeAHMH, 6yp*ya3HUMH HaUHOHaAHCTaMH. JIhkbh- AauHH b coiwaABCTHiecKOM oOiagctbg aHTaroHHCTHHGCKHx KAaccoB, yera- H0BAGHH6 MOpaAbHO-nOAHTHHGCKOrO GAHHCTBa COBeTCKOrO HapOAa npHBGAH K yHHHTOJKeHHIO HOAO0HUX KOH(|>AHKTOB B OfimeCTBCHHOH JKH3HH; HOHSTHO,. MTO OTOHUia OT HHX H ApaMaTyprHfl, BO BC6H CAMylomaH 3a WH3HbK>. floCAeBOGHHUG nbGCU nOCTpOCHH Ha KOHlJUlHKTaX, pa3BepTUBaiO[UHXCH 271.

EHyrpH caMoro cobctcxoto o6mecTBa b pe3_vjibTaTe ero 6opb6u co Been, aro MeuiaeT HeoflaiiHMOMy ABHTxeHHio crpanu k K0MMjrHH3My: c nepeiximtaiai KanHxaiiH3Ma b co3H3hhh MMOBena, c OTCmiocibio ot hobhx 3aaaa, bhabh- raeMbix hhmhmo, c npoTHBonocraBJieHHeM cbohx jimnux HBtepecoB HHtepe- caM Bcero coBercKoro HapoAa, h Tax aa^ec. OanaKO MHorne apaMaiypra, Coach oerpofi nocTaHOBKB BonpocoB, npeanOHHTaaH o6xoanrb b cbocm TBopaecTBe cepbe3Hue wraHeHHue npora- BopeiHS, 3axpuBajm raaaa Ha npensTCTBiia h TpyflHocre, BCTpenaiomHeca Ha nyTH CTpoHTeaeS K0MMyHH3Ma, yxaoHsuiHCb ot kphthkh OTpHuaTeiftBHX HBJienHS b Harnefi x h 3hh, H3oGpawajia coBercxyx) hch3hb b oiainaBHX, HflioiaHaecKHx Tonax. IloAoGHbie nbecu 6e3Ae8cTBeHHbi, bh.iu , (JiajibiuiiBu, cxeMarunuu, Be aaioT MaTepiia.ia am mrrepecHoa aKrepcKofl paGora. B hhx He pacupu- BaeTCH pa3HOo6pa3He xapaicrepoB coBeicrax jiioAeS, GorarcTBO h Hacu- meHHOCTb HX AyXOBHOa JKH3HH, HX BbIC0K3H TpeGOBaTMbHOCTb K CeGe. B-ropaa TpyABocn., c xoiopoii BCTpenuiHCb Ka3axcKHeApaMaiypra b cbo- eii TBopuccTBe, cocToajia b pa3pemeHHH Bonpoca, xax ocBemaTb b nbeeax »H3Hb npoH3BOACTBa, ycnexH couHaAKcraaecxoro crpoHTeabCTBa. EcrecTBeHHO, ApaM aiypra He n o rm npoftra mhmo couHa/racnnecxoro CTpOHTCJIbCTBa, KaX OCIIOBHOH TCMBTHKH CCrOAHHtUHerO AHH. Ohh npaBHAbHO CHHTajiH, Ira coBpeMeHHoro 3pniena HHTepecyxn KOH$- JIHKTbl IHHpOXO 06ll|eCTBeHH0r0, npOH3BOACTBCHHOrO, a He HBTHMHO-nCHXQflO- raaecxoro nopaAxa. 3pHTeabxoaeTBHAeibrepoa nbecu Henwibxo b ceMeSHoi JKH3HH, HOH Ha IipOH3BOACTBeH B OGlUCCTBeHHOaJKH3HH. IlbeCa 6e3 UIHpOKOS o6mecTBeHHoa h npoMBOACTBeHHofi ochobu b coBeTCKOM TeaTpe He MOSeT caHTaTbca noAHOueHHoa. Ho ApaMaiypra npn stom He BcerAa yTOTHBa.m, ito np0H3B0ACTBeHHaa h oGmecTBeHHaa TeMaraxa He MoxeT 6bm> paexpura 6e3 noJiHoueHaoro no- xa3a Tex AiOAeB, xoropue BeAyr BnepeA sto np0H3B0ACTB0, xoropue onpeje- jihiot >KH3Hb o6iaecTBa. ycnexa conHaaiicTHiecKoro erpoHT&iibCTBa Ha cueHe mojkho noxa3an> TOiibxo iepe3 GopbGycobbtckhx .TOAeS3a nepecipofixy XH3HH, 3a csewoe 6y- Aymee, nocxojibxy ochobhoh npeAMeTApaMaiypraa — neaoBex c ero nyuaHS h CTpeMAeHHHMH, c ero apxHM HHAHBHaya.ibHUM xapaxTepoM, c ero 6opb6o8 sa nocTa&neHHyio uejib. H tcm xpynHee xapaxTep aioro aeaoBexa, aeM ifltipe ero xpyro3op, TeM3HanHTeAbne4 nojiyiHTca naeca. He HMeAH ycnexa nbecu, b xoropux ApaMaTyprH pncoBajiH, xax b npo- H3BOACTBeHHOM OiepXe, GeCKOHIpaHKTHUe KBpTHHU XO3flHCTBeHH0fi crpoSxH, a ApaMaTH'iecxHfi koh<Pjihkt ctpohah Ha Bonpocax ce.MefiHOH sthkh b coBep- mcHHOM OTpuBe OT BonpocoB npoH3B0ACTBa; nbecu, rAe Beca ctower cbo- AHAca x pa3peuieHHio ihcto npaxTHaecxHX xo3aficTaeHHux npoGaeM, Bpoje Tor°, KaKaa nopoAa OBeu HaaGoAee noAxoAHT aah Ka3axcraHa, xyxypy3y HAH AOJITOAeTHHe TpaBU HaAO pa3BOAHTb B X0AX03aX. 272

6pajiaKa3axcKnfi AKajeMHiecKwft Teaip bo Bee nocneBoeHHUe ce30Hu ocHOBy penepiyapa nbecu HauAOHajibHoft ApaMaTypran Ha coBpeMeHHue Te- m u , Bu6npaH nyiinne H3 HanncaHHUx ApaMaTypraMH. coiyBciBeH- TeuawKH6buiuMHorae H3 nocTaejieHHbix cnexraxneii sroft HO lipHHHTU KpHTHKOft H 06meCTBeHH0CTbK> CTOJIHUU, BU3[>a.1H JKHBUe OTKAH- kh b cpeae 3pnTena. Ho Bee we hh oahh H3 sthx cneKTawieii ne aoctot Toro BucoKoro ypoBHH, Koioporo owiwa.ia pecny6AHxa or CBoero AKaaeMimecKoro TeaTpa, hh oahh He yAOBJieTBOpHABncwrae B03pocuiHii HjeftHufl h xyAbtypHufi ypoBeHb coBercKoro 3pHTejia, c xawAUM toaom npeAisiBAHKHiiero see 6oaee BUCOKHe TpeCoBaHHH K HCKyCCTBy. nepBoii H3 nbec HauHOHaabHoii ApaMaiyprHH nocjie nocraHOBjieHHH U K B K n (6) o penepTyape ApaMaTHiecKHx TeaTpoa nosBHAacb Ha cuene AxaAeMH- qecKoro Tearpa «Aocthk neH Maxa66ar» («flpyw6a h a»6oBb») Anbwanapa ASmneBa, nocBameHHan wh3hh xaparaHAHHCKHX yrojibHux niaxr (MaS 1947) Abtop caM aoaroe BpeMH wha b KaparaHAC, cneuHaAhiio HtfrepecoBan- ch nonpocaMH pa3BHTHH xaparaHAHHexoro yroAbHoro 6accefina. B Kaparan- Ahhckhx uiaxTax pa3BHBaeTCH fleficniHe nepBoii nanHcaHHofi A6HmeBaM nbecu «Ot3h yiuyH*. )KH3Hb KaparaHAU b toau boAhu aBTop ofipHCOBaji b poMane «MoAonoe noKOJieiiHe*. Cfowereue ncwiowenwa 3Toro poMaHa oh ncnoAbso- bsa h b nbece «flocTHK neH Maxa66aT», HanncaHHoA HCKpeHHe, ropirao, c xo- Poiuhm 3HaHHeM MaTepHaAa. OxoHiaTeAbHaH AopaSoina nbecu China npoBe- Aena aBTopoM cOBMecTHo c KOftneKTHBOMTeaTpa h pewHccepoM IlIaKeHoM Afi- HaHOBUM. B ochobv nbecu nojiowenu noAAHHHue (paxTU: 3BaxyHpoBaHHuA hs A oh- Cacca b KaparaHAy MexaHHK MaxapoB (b nbece oh Ha3BaH M hpohom flaB- jioBHieM) ii3oCpen 3aMeiaTeAbiibiii yroAbHuA xoMCaAn, AaiomHH bo3mow- tiocTb pe3KO noBbicHTb AoCuny yraa b maxTe. PaCoTHHXK niaxiu cbmh coopyAH.TH 3Ty MauiHuy b MexaHHtecxoM nexe. Bopbfia Boxpyr nee, repoHne- exan snonea ee coopyweHHH h cocTaBaaer cioweT nbecu. Ha OTiiomeHHH k KOM6afiiiy pacKpUBaercn oCuecTBeiiHoe ahao ochobhux repoeB cnexTaxAH. Bonbinaa iacn> paCoTHHKOB maxra c AeBymxoA-HHweHepoM Cayne bo iviaBe ApywHO noAaepWHBaioT npej.noweHHe co3AaTb KOM6aiiH, b kotopom OHH BHAHT MOlAHOe CpeACTBO nOMOHb PoAHHe H (JipOHTy. 6oncbTonbKo HanaabHHK uiaxTU, Tynofl h orpammeHHbm OiopoxpaT Mupxan, oTBeTCTeeHHOCTH, BHCTynaer nporaB KOMfiaAna, He Aaer hh .noAeA, hh cpeACTB Ha ero BHenpenHe. BonpexH ero Bone xoAAeKTHa inaxTu — npH coAeflcTBHH cexpeTapa ofixoua napTHH A63ana — coopywaeT xoMfiaAH h npHBOAHT ero b AeflcTBHe. XaAHnra ByxeeBa, nrpaBiuaa po.ib HHweHepa Cayne. co3Aa.ia npaBAHBufl h pa3HOCTOpoHHHft o6pa3 hoboh coBeTCxoft AeBymKH-xa3amxH, noAyiHBUiefl Bucuiee ofipa30BaHHe k crodweS bo mase npoH3BOACTBa. OCpa3 stot npxo Bupawaa oaho H3 3aMeqaTeAbHUX h thithhhux hbachhA names coBpeueH-

6hocth,poct coBercxoA *eHiuHHw, 3aBoeBaBiueS KOMaBARoe noaoweHHe b o - 3 3mecTBe. Cayfle— BHTy3HacT CBoero npoH3BOACTBa, SHepiwHaa, peirareab- Haa, caMOOTBepjKBHHaa. Cepi>e HhiMH, BAyMimuMH raa aMK cmotpht o«a Ha Map, KaatAoeeeoiobo — ocMucaeaHO. Ee He ocraHaBJiHBaioTTpyAHoera,cbb- 63aHHbiec nocTpoHKOH KOMoaHHa cbohmh cBJiauH, b HexaunaecKOM nexemax- t h :PoAHHa Tpefiyer, 3HaiHT 3aaaHHe a o m h o utb Buno.iHeHo. 3aHaiaa Ha np0H3B0ACTBe ahcm,oHa npeAaaraeTMnpony HoaaMH pafioTan.hba kom63h- B arpe apnicrKa cipeMHviacb noAaepKHyrb TpyAOByroAenreabHocn. Cay- ae, BBOAfl b cneKTax-ibcooTBercTByiomHe MMaHCueHH. B Tpen.eS Kapnme— y ce6a b AOMe— Cayae chaht 3a ctoaom, pa3AO*HB 6yMary h ahhchkh, aep- tht cxe«y KOM6aflHa. B nocaeAUHX cueaax, OAeB pafiowfi kom6hh630h, xao- noieT OHa okoao KOM6aSHa. PacxpbiT o6pa3 TaKxe h b jihbhoS * h3hh, b or- Houieraax k oniy 11 AByu aio6amHM ee AHOirmaM — Hypaany a TeuB- py- 06pa3 Cayae, c03AaHHuS ByKeeaoS, fiua o6anreaeB, npHBaexaa k ce6e CHMnaTHH 3pHTeJia. ApTHcree HeoAHOKpaTHO npaxoAHaocb BucnyuiHBan. 3a- aaaeHHa mojioaux AeBymeic— 3pHTeaeft cnemai™, —mto ohh xotmh 6h noxoAHtb bo BceM na Cayae. auaxo-Bonpyr Cayae rpynnapyeTca paCoiHH anna Hiaxtu, ctapaKH Aewb, Bee ropaao noAAepwHBawmHe hucjib o C03abhhh yroabHoro kom- 6aBna. Xoporno npeACxaBaeHo b cneKTanae ciapuiee noito.ieHHe pafioaiix: Kas- 6eK — otcu Cayae, TafiMaH — OTeu Mbipna.na, Hypaana h A63aaa. Cepxe KoxaMKyaoB noa'iepKHBaa b o6pa3e TaBMaHa ypaBHOBeinea- HOCTb, cnoKofiiiyio yBepeHHOCTb b cane pafioaero KoaaeKTHBa, npHBH3airaocTb k cBoeS pafioTe. Ha citene oh noaejiaaca c uiaxTepcKofl aaMnoaxoS Ha afiy, 3a6oTAHBO ocMaTpHBaa Bee aaKoyaxH luaxra. JKhboS o6pa3 Ka36eHa C03Aaa A6hkch XaceHOB, yCeAirreabHO noxa3aB ero npoTHBopcmBbie nepTu: c oahoS cropoHU, rayfioxyio npeAaHHOCTb Po- xenameu Cayne,AHiie c Apyrofl — nepeaun-KH npomaoro b 6bny. He caynaSHO Ka3fieH, He ciHTaacb c CBoeS AonepH nuraeTCH HaBH3an> eS Span c cwhom CBoero Apyra — TeimpoM, nan fihiao croBopeno erne np« poxAeHHH Cayae. MoaoAoe noxoaeHHe paSoiHx npeACTaB.iH.iH noApociKH CaflpaH (CeS- ipvaaa TeawapaeB) h IUenep (IlIoanaH XvaiiaapSeKOBa), npHuieauiHe Ha maxTy H3 Koaxo3a b cbh3h c npii3biBOM uiaxiepOB Ha ijipoiiT. B chhhx kom- OHHe30Hax, nepenanKaHHbie yraeM, noHBaaaHCb ohh b nepBofi KapTiwe. 3amb noAiepKHBaaacb hx HeonuTHoeTb b pafoTe, HeAonoHHMaKHe 3aAaa uiaxTepoB b BoenHoe BpeMH. CaSpaH—HeMHoro yBaaeHb, pa6oiaeT c npoxaaAneS * Coabuie 33hht nepenaanofi co CBoeS npHBTeabHHuefi Ulenep, KOTopyra oh Bee BpeMH Ao6poAyuiHo noAApa3HHBaeT. IUenep— <iepT-AeBHOHKa (smaSraa 274

Khi3») — He OCTaeTCH b Aonry, c komhmcckoA apocTbio fipocaeTca mrniaTb oCHAMHKa, uuienaer ero no cnHHe Aonarofl. Ho c Kawflofi KapTHHofi am noApocTKH Bee fiojiee npoHHKatoTca co3Ha- leAbHOCTblO. OHH rOTOBHTCH CTaTb IiepBblMH BOAHTW1HMH BHOBb C03AaHHOrO KOMSafiHa. OAHaao b sthx cueHax HcmwwHTeJiH uecKo-ibKo otohuih ot paHee HaMeneHHbix xapaKTepHCTHK. Hh cienHoro 3arapa, hh yronbHoS nu,in na hhx He ocrajiocb h wieAa. rTepeoACBUiHCb b HHcreHbKHe koctiomihkh, Tma- TeAbHO yMbIBUlHCb, OHH JlOTepHJIH IHaXTepCKHft BHA H SOAbUie HanOMHHaAII nnonepoB, yqeHHKOB My3biKa.ibHoii mxwiu, KOTOpux Te xte Aaoe axrepoB HrpaAn b cneKTaK-ie «)KeHrHC *upu» («IIecHb noGeju,i»). Pojib cexpeTapa o6noMa Afoana, neapKyio no TeKery, c CojibuiHM aoc- tohhctbom HrpaJi KanaH BaAbipoB. A63an — BAyMHHBbift, rnyfioxo npoHH- KaiomHfi b cymecTBO BOnpoca, TBepAuft naprafiHbift pyKOBOAHreab, yBepen- HO npOBOAHTAIIHHK) napTHH Ha UiaXTe B TpyAHbie AHH BOifHbl. ripHHUHnHa.lb- 1HOCTb Afoana lenra BUHBJieHa b ero OTuouieiiHflx c AByMH CparbaMH. He CoHCb KOH(j>. HKTa CO CTapiHHM CpaiOM MhipKaAOM, A633.il peiHHTeJlbHO nOA- AepwHBaeT cTpcM.ieiiHe Cayjie co3AaTb KOMCaSH, Tax * e pemHTenbHo buc- TynaeT oh b 3auiHty CBoero MAaAniero fipaia Hyp.iaHa, nponaBmero 6e3 BecTH Ha ippoHTe, KorAa nepecTpaxoBiuHKH pacnpocipanaioT o Hen TeMHbie, nopoiaiuHe cnyxH. Mewee yAaien b cneicraKne MnpoH b HcnoAHeHHH KajmcHa AAbinbiHHO- Ba. Aicrep He toahha stot o6pa3 Ha npHHUHnHaJibHyio BbicoTy, He nepeaa.i 3HaiHTejibHocTH h ofiammH H3o6peTaTeA»-cawoyiKH, cTaporo MacTepa-Mexa- HHKa, npHHecuiero b Ka3axcKHe maxTu tpyaoBofl o n m Aonfiacca. Ha cueHe nonymnacb Menicaa SbiTOBaa ((xarypa, 6e3 weiTH, 6e3 poMaHTH'iecKoro B3Jie- 3Ta. OmacTH b stom bkhobbt h aBrop nbecai, HeAocraioHHo bhhbhbuihS o6 pa Mapona b ApaMaTHHecKOM achctbhh. Ycnexy cneKTaicAH BecbMa cnocoficreoBan spioiil o6pa3 Hana.ibHHKa uiax- Thi Mbipnana, co3AaHHfaifi EniofiaeM yaypsaKOBUM h yOeAHTeibHo nporoBO- nocraBAeHHbifl KOJUieKTHBy co3AaTe.ieH KOMCaiiHa. Tynofi, orpaHHieHHbja OiopoKpar Mupnan c phSbhm paBHOAyumeM B3H- paeT Ha HHHunaTHBy pafoiHx. Ero Maao 3a6oTHT 3anpocw <J>pOHta, AHiiib 6bi KOHTponbHbie HHfppu 6wm BbmoAHeHbi. rionyiHB ot MaBHoro HHwewepa neo.iaronpHBTHbiH 0T3biB o npoeKTe KOniSaBHa, Mbipaan Ha stom ycnoicaH- BaeTCH, oh He weaaer pncKOBaTb, HenpoBepeHHhiMH npoemMH Hapyuian. nnaBHoe reieHHe cBoefl jkh3hh h ycTaHOBneHHbtft pacnopnAOK Ha npoH3B0A- cTBe. Oh pa3Apa*eiiHO oTMaxHBaerca ot bchkhx pa3roBopoB o KOMfiaitae. y MbipnaJia HanumeHHbifi, caMoyBepeHHbift bha. B xowaHoii Kypirce c IHHpOKHM nOHCOM, BhlMITHB JKHBOT, UIHpOKO paCCTBBHB HOTH, ynepiHHCb py- KflMH B fiOKa, CTOHT OH Ha CUeiie, CyATO HeCOKpyiUHMblA OITAOT OiopoKpa- TH3M3. HacTo xoxoHeT, nepecbinaeT peib pyccKHMH CvioBeiKaMH; « u , TaK», «3HaiHT»... HecMOTpa ua BHeuiHioio caMoyBepemtocTb, MupnaA BHyr- peHHe HecnomeH. Tlpn bchkom npoTHBopeniH, a t3khx HemJio co cropo- 275

hu OKpywaiouwx, oh buxoaht H3 paBHOBecuH h HaiHHaer cyenm>cn: to nepeGnpaer 6yMara Ha crojie, to XBaiaeT pyiKV, to 6pocaeT oOpaTHo Ha ctoj). BHC3anno bck3Khb3gt co CTy/ia, BUTapamm rjia3a, Bu6eraer Ha ce- peaHHy KOMHara, MeieTCH H3 ywa b yroji. OcoGeHHO BOAiiyeTCfl Mupsa.1 bo BpeMH cnopa c Mhpohom, yGeAHTBAbHOAOKa3UBaiOLHHu no.U3y KOMGaS- Ha. Oh He Mower chokoAho oiumaTb pent MHpona, nuraerca nepefimt ero hah we iiCTaiuiaeT KopoTXHe pen.iHKH «TaK, Tax*. «bot, bot» to HacMenuiH- bum. to B03MyuiCHHUM tohom. B 3TO0 pcum yMyp3axoB Haiuen 3aMeia- TCAbHOe 6oraTCTBO peTOBblX KpaCOK, OTTeHKOB, HHTOHaUllfi, nOKa3aA npH- cyuiee eMy yMeHHe BAaAen caobom. M u p m 'iacTo .lemiapapyer cboio 3a6oTy o rnaxTC, ho Ha aeae 3108 3a6oTu lie nposMaer. Oh He yMeeT oGecneqHTb KBaprapaMH h cneuoBxaMH hobux paGoqnx, npH6biBaiomHx Ha uiaxiy. Oh He npHoiyuiHBaeTCS k to- Jiocy coTpyAHHKOB, TpefiyiOLUHX Kopeimoro nepeJiOMa b pafioTe uiaxTU. 3aro He 3a6uBaeT oh D03a6oTOTbca o CBoeM (MaronoAyqHH, o npoiBe- T3HHH CBOHXpOACTBeHHHKOB. H3 peiUIHK MblpKaAa 3pHTMb y3HaeT, TTOeTO xeHa yexa.ia Ha 6a3ap Ha maxTHHCKOfi MauiHHe, hto ero ahah 33hha BepxflHi sraw AOMa, xoth KBaprap «e xBaTaer paGo'iHM uiaxTU, IlocJieAHHe cueHbi cneKTaxAa pacyiOT Rpyinenne Mupnana: oh noiepw AOBepne, chht c paGora. Aicrep Bupa3HTCAbiio nepeAaBa.i raMeHemie BHem- hocth Mupxa.ia nowc KpyuieHHs: ay/ia AesaAacb ero ropAaH noxoAKa, ja- *e 3khbot KaK GyATO yGauHACH b oGieMe. ■ CariipHiecxH aaocrpeiiHufl o6pa3 MupKa.ra noMor Tearpy npieorreHHTt 3aMe'iaTe.ibHue, thiihihug aah cobctckhx AiOAeii KaqecTBa paGoqero Kojwei- THBa KaparaHAHHCKoS uiaxru h cBH3aHHoft c hhm HHreAAHreHiura: hx Tpy- AOBOfi 3HTy3H33M, CMeAOe HOBaTOpCTBO. HapaAy c ochobhoh TeMofl couHa.iHCTHKecKoro TpyAa b cneKrawie Me- Hee pa3BepHyro npoxoAHA pHAApyrax Tea. TeMa APywGu HapoAOB6bwa pac- KpUTa b TBopqecKOMcoTpyAHHqecTBe MHpoHa h Cay.ie. Ha npHMepe roS #e Cav.ie 3pi!ieAb bhaca pocr coBpeMeHHoft na3axcKofi weHiuHHU. Ha npHMepe TaftMaHa h ero cuHOBei —Mupnana h A63ana — noxa3aHa Gbuia HOBaa CeMbH, B KOTOPOHOTHOUleHHH MGJKAy pOACTBeHHHKaMH OnpeAeAHIOTCHHXoG- mecTBeHHUMahhom. OAHaKO OCHOBHOH KOHlJlAHKT— GopbGa 3a KOMGaSR — He AOBefleH B tibece ao thkoh HanpHJKeHHocTH, htoGu oh 3anoAHHA coGofi Bee AefleiBHe. CaeAya TBepAO yKopeHHBUieMycs b xa3axcKofi ApaMaTyprHH ujaGAOHy, as- rop BBe.q b nbecy ABa aioGobhhx ciowera: ApaMy conepHHqeciBa TeMHpa H Hypaaiia »-3a Cay.re h KOMeAHio itomoabkh CaflpaHa h IIleKep. 9th cioxeTHue ahhhh no cymecTBy ne CBH3aHu c ochobiium koh4>ahktom, pas- BepruBaioTCs coBepwemio He33BHCHMo OT aero h Aawe oTBAerawr or Hero BHimamie. Hc-ropna conepHHqecTBa TeMHpa c Hyp.iaHOM cahidkom aanyra- «a h orarouieHa MeAOApa»ia™qecKHMH iioapoGhocthmh. Ka36eH, oreu CayAe, c koauGcah npocsaiaA Aoqb 3a TeMHpa, cama cbo- 276

ero npHHT&aa. Cayjie nos™ He 3Haer cBoero weHiixa, Tan Kan TeMHp, y6HB- UlHfi B KIHOCTH pOflCTBeHHHKa-KOHOKpafla, 6WI OCyjKAeH, H TOAbKO BOfiHa aa- jia eMy B03MO*nocTb Ha cppoiiTe HCKynHTb coBepiueHHoe npeciyn.ienne. KpHTHKa HeoAHonpaTHO tmaenajia, mto Tanaa MeaoapaMaTHiecKaa nOA- poGHocTb— yroaoBHoe npomnoe TeMHpa — coBepmemio He KyKHa b iftece: OHa HHaero hc Ao6aB.ifl.ia k xapaKTepHcraKe TeMHpa. 3a roAbi OTcyTCTBHa TeMHpa Cay.ie noaioCajia Myp.iaHa, MAaAiuero (ipaTa Mbipaaaa h A63aJia. Ho HypjiaH, HaxoAHBUmsica b iianaae BOiiHbi b' /loHOacce, abbho iipona.i 6e3 BeeTH. rioA3eT TeMHhifi cayx, mto oh nepeKH- Hyjicn na CTopoay Bpara. Cayjie ne BepHT cnyxaM h peiumeAbHO aammuaer Aofipoe hmh CBoero BOMio&ieHHoro. MewAy TeM b KaparaHAy npHe3*aeT c (JipoHTa TeMHp, cTaBmHii AoCaecr- HbiM aeT'iHKOM. PoAb TeMHpa Hrpaaa b oaepejb AfijpaxMaH Achmsohob h IUaxeH ASMaaoB. Hah AcHMwaHOBa stot o6pa3 6hui oahhm H3 aaH6o.iee KpynHbix AociHHteiiHS Ha eroTBOpaecxoM nyra. Oh pHcoeaA TeMHpa ropaaHM, peUIHTejIbHblM, CMeAbIM, OTaaaHHblM, HHOrAa H3AHliIHe BCnbUIb'IHBblM. Be3 cryxa h pa3pemeaHa bxoaht TeMHp b xoMHaiy Cayae, 3acnninaB H3-3a ABe- pa ee ro.ioc. B3op ero ropHT. Becb oh oxBaaen HenpeoAOJiHMbiM jKeaaaHeM saBoeaaTb ce6e ciacTbe. CTpacTHo npn3HaeTca on Cay.ie b ak>6bh, sapo- AHBiueftcH erne b AeTCTBe. Bhah Boemyio BbinpaBxy TeMHpa, peniHTeAb- HOCPb ero AeftCTBHft, CAblffla CMeAOCTb, HCKpeHHOCTb peHH, 3pHTeJIb BepHjl, HTO T3KOH .1CTHHK CnOCOfieH HpOflBHTb OTBary B 6010, 3aB0eBaTb ce6e 3B3HHe TepoH CoBercKoro CoK»a. TeMHp y3HaeT 0 ak>6bh Cayjie k HypAaHy. OAHaxo yfiewAeHHbift b H3Me- He HypAana, TeMHp HeTepaer HaAesiAW, 'no ero HapeieHHaa HeBecra Bep- HeTca k HeMy. 3ra cjiowHaa cHTyauna nywHa 6buia aBiopy, hto6u pa3BepHyTb b nbece 3<p4)eKTHbift MeAOApaMara'iecKHfi 3HH30A. BoeHHUfi AeriHK TeMHp 3a.ieraeT b repMaHCKHft tha, b .larepb napTH3aHCKOro OTpHAa, rAe HeowHAaHHO Bcrpe- qaeT HypAaHa. Oxa3biBaeTca, Hyp.iaH AOAro cxpbiBaAca noA 3eMAeft, htooh B30pBaTb uiaxTy, 3axBaieHHyio HeMuaMH. B aarepe napTH3aH oh acAer no- nyrHoro caMOAeTa, xoTopufi AOCiaBHA 6u ero b pacnoAowcHHe coBercKHx BO0CK. HypAaH (KaAWK CaypaxoB) bhxoaht Ha cueny noAywHsoS, eae abh- raerca, ero noAAepacHBaioT c AByx cropoH napTH3aHbi. «HafltH omymeiiHe b stoB cuene mhc noMoraAH BOcnoMHHaHHa 0 (fpoHTc, 0 MOeM paHeHHH, noc- ae Koroporo Mena HecAH Ha pyxax TOBapKiua*, — roBopar CaypHxos. Ten- ao Bcrpeiaer Hypaana HaiaAbwix napnraaHcxoro OTpaAa, paccnpauiHBaeT ero 0 B3pbiBe uiaxiu, 3H3komht c TeMHpoM. TeMHp-AiiMaHOB npoBOAHA 3Ty cueny 6e3 HaHrpbiuia, noAaepxHBaA hc ropaHHocrb TeMHpa, a rayfinHy ero nepeatHBaHHH. npH ynoMHHaHHH hmchh C ay.ie TeMHp hcboabho B3AparHBaer h TeHb cTpaAaHHa npofieraer no ere AHixy. B ca^a saieM oh otxoaht b ctopoHy, noAaAbiue ot ocraAbHbix aeAcrBy- 277

6kmihx .thu, Kan hi *eaan cxpurb or Bcex BoaneHHe, nae/WHe c caMHu co- 608oco3HaTb co3aaBUieec« noaoweHHe: Beat b stot momcht pyniaTC*ero Ha- 6aewau Ha pax c Cayae, npHieu e.viy caMOMy npeacTOHT bub63th Hypaaaa 8 6H3 HeMeuxoro raaa Ha poaHHy. TeMHp-A MaHOB yrayfiaen b ce x: Henoa- PflUBHJKHO CTOHT OH, TO.TbKO pyKa HCpBHO MHCT peMeilb nOHCa. Ho OaHH MOMeHT 3TOH CUeHbl, OHeBHAHO COAbUierO MeJ10apaMaTH3- Ma, 6ua TpaKTOBBH (paabuiHBO h aBycMucaeHHO. TeMHp He cpa3y coraainaeT- ca Ha npocbSy napnoaH B3m Hypaana b caMoaeT. ripeatae ueu aan> or- BeT, oh aoaro pa3ayMUBaeT, h xoa ero mucjih iicuceii. Do npu3HaHHK) ca- Moro AftMaHOBa, mumh TeMHpa b stot momcht 3aHHTH BonpocoM, ocymecr- bhm3 ,th nepefipocxa 6oabHoro HypaaHa siaaocHJibHbiM oahomccthum caMO- aeroM. Ho 3pHTeab HHaie HCToaxoBUBaer aameabHoe pa3ayMbe aeiiHxa, HeBoabHo HaiHHaeT noao3peBaib ero b xoiiapHOM 3aMucae nponra CBoero conepHHKa HypaaHa. 3pHTeaa oxBaibiBawTpeBOra: HeyxteaH TeMHp oct3bbt HypaaHa b napTH3aHCKOMaarepe, rue tot HaBepHHxa nora6HeT6e3 m6Ahuhh- cxofi homoiuh? Taxax aeTa.ib Opocaaa TeHb Ha npHBaexaieabHbifi b ocraab- hom o6pa3 TeMHpa. 3aBepmeHHe stoB aojxeTHofi amiHH spHTeab BHflea b nocaeAHefi cue- He cneKTaKaa, xorja BH3aopoBeBiuHB, OKpenuiHfi HypaaH B03Bpamaerai Ha cbok) poaHiiy, b KaparaHuy, HeoatHaaHHo flan 6.th3khx, co6paBuiHxcn aa opa3AHHK no cayqaio nycxa KOMfiafina. B 3toB cueHe Han6oaee KacuiueHa hHHiepecHa 6biaa HrpaByKeeBofi,xo- Topaii iiMeaa no xoay nbecu B03M0*H0CTb erne rayfJwe pacKpuii ayiuy repo- huh. Kax h TeMHp b napTH3ancxOM aarepe, Cayae npH noaBaeHHH HypaaHa otxoaht Ha aBaHeueHy, route nbrraeTCH cxpun. CBoe BoaneHHe ot oxpyxaio- iuhx. noxa HypaaH 3flopoBaeTCH c apyruMH, B3rana Cayae o6pameH npsMO b 3pHTeabiibifi 3aa, BtuaBaa caepjxaHHyx) paaoCTb, pacTepHHHocrb, cMyine- HHe, croab HeoSuTHue aaa snepramoB, MyjxecTBeHHOfi jeBymKH. B to *6 opeMH no aauy ee npofieraer tchb coMHeHHa: coxpaHH.i an HypaaH cboio npewHioio anfioBb? Chobho ayu CBeTa 03apaeT Cayae, xoraa ona, HaxoHea, ccrpeuaeTca raa3aMH c anOniHM h ySejxflaeTCH b ero BepnocTH. AfiMaHOB b srofi cueHe ao xoHua buhb.thct fiaaropoaciBo TeMHpa. Or xaabiBasicb ot cxacTbn, oh He 3aMbixaercH b ce6e, He 3aTaHBaer b ayuie 3a BHCTb k yuaHHHBOMy conepHHxy: oh c 'ihcthm cepaueM h otxputoB ayrno# paayerca ciacTbio Cayae, BMecTe c apyrHMH HcxpeHHe no3apaBaner ee. CueHOfl noMoaBXH Cayae h 3axaHiHBaeTCH cneKTaxab. H3 HecxoabXHx doweraux aHHHfl, pa3BHTbix b nbece, h pexmxep h Becb HcnoaHHTeabCXHfi xoaaexraB crpeMHancb Ha nepahifl naaH BbiaBHflyrb HCTOpHK) 6opb6bi maxTepOB 3a yroabHbiB xomSsSh. XyaowHHK H. B. Baabxo3HH Taxxe nofluepxHBaa b oi))opMaeHHg npo- H3BoacTBeHHue MOMeHTM. Ha cueHe 6uaa npeaciaBaeHa bo Bcex noapo6HOC- THX yroabHan uiaxTa, noxa3aH aawe nofl3eMHbift aHtJrr h cnycx pafioiHX b inaxTy. 3to 6hao Hecxoabxo THxceaoBecHO, ho BneiaTaaiome. B npeanocaex-

«eft xapTHHe Ha mere ctoha yroAbHhit KOM6afiH, BepHee, MoaeJib ero b na- Typa^bHyio Be^HfHHy. BoKpyr Hero cyem/iHCb fleftcrayromHe AHua. B 9tom cneirraiuie h aBTopy h reaTpy yaaAocb pa3pemirrb oiowHyio 3a- aaqy nocratioBKH cneKTaiuia Ha coBpeMeirayio coBeTOtyio TeMy. CneKTamit xopouio nepeaaji lepTU coBeTCKoro nenoBexa, ero npeAamiocrb PoAmie, Tpy- AOBOfi 3HTy3Ha3M, HHHUHaTHBy, CTpeMJieHHe k TexHHiecKOMy nporpeccy. Ha- cbnueHHaa mhcamo h hybctbom arpa HcnoAHHieaeft noAHraaAa co3AaHHbie hmh oCpa3bi Ha 3Ha*iHTejibHyK) xyao*ecTBeHHyio BbicoTy. ZleftcTBHe rnecbi othochtch k roaaM bohhu,oshsko noaHHTUe b Heft Baw- Hue npoCaeMU coiiHaancTHiecKoro Tpyaa aKTyaJibHu h b nocJieBoeHHoe Bpe- mb. riocTaitoBKa SToft nbecbi — nepBbift onbir Tearpa b co3Abhhh cneKTaKAB Ha nocneBoeHHyio TeMy. 6 6HccpaBHeHHO cAa ee 0Ka3aaacb nbeca toro *e apaMaiypra A HmeBa «Bap ceMbas («EAHHaa ceMba»), noaBHBUiaaca Ha cpeHeAeroM 1949 roAa“’,‘. B «Bnp ceMba», Kan h b «Hoctuk neH Maxa66ar>, ABe TeMu: npomBOA- CTBeHHaa h ceMeftHaa. npoH3BOACTBCHHas TeMa nbecu — ofiBOAHeHHe nyc- TbiHH, coopy*eHHe boahoto fiacceftna— ape3BbiqafiHo amyaJibHa AAa'Ka3ax- craHa c ero 3acyauiHBHMH CTenaMH. OAHaKo b «E«p ceMba» aBTop He cyMeji pa3BepHyrb Boapyr B3aTofi Te- Mbi CKOAbKo-HHfiyAb aKTHBHoro KOHijwiHKTa. flpaBAa, H 3AeCb nOKa3aHbl im- AH, no-pa3HOMy oTHocaiizneca k Bonpocy ofiBOAaeHHa. 3HTy3nacT couHaAHcm- MCCKoro CTpoHTCAbCTBa HHxenep Ahaoc BMABHraeT rniaH co3AaHHH rpaHAH- 03Horo CTCmioro MOpa. Ero noMomHHK Mawe.i, ocTopoKHbiii h 6ob3ah- BbiH, npeflaaraeT orpaHHHHTbca co3AaHHeM 03epa. Ho mreaKoft ApaMa- ■ nwecKoft 6opb6u MewAy AByma sthmh HanpaBAenHaMH b nbece HeT; c ca- Moro Ha'iaaa Bbicume hhct3huhh npHHHMaiOT naan AiiAOca, h stot iuiaa ocy- mecTBJiaeTca 6e3 Maaefluiax TpyAHOCTeft. Bca 6opb6a Maweaa npoTHBCTenHo- ro Mopa cboahtch k AByu-TpeM peiuiHKaM, BbipaxaioiHHM coMHeHHe b ocy- mecTBHMOCTH 3Toro WiaHa. flpyrcie AeftcTByioiiwe A«ua Aawe He nurawTca onpoBeprHyrb sth caoBa Maateaa, a apirreAb, KOHeiHO, He MOxeT pa3o6paTb- ca b noAiiaTbix hm hhcto TexHHaecKHx aonpocax. IlepeAeAbiBaa HeoAHonparao nbecy, aBrop nocreneHHO ycHAHBaA b Heft np0H3B0ACTBeHin>ie MOTHBbi, bboaka HOBue noApo6H0CTH coopyxeKHa Mopa. Ho see noAoSHue cuesu HMeAHihcto HAAiocTpaiHBHbifl xapaKTep, noKa3braa- ah pafioTy no purbio xaHaAOB, b KOHpe nbecu — nycK boah. 3to 6hah xaA- pu H3 KHHoxpoHHKM, a He ApaMaTHnecKaa 6opb6a xapaKrepoB, coeraBAHio- maa ocHOBy TeaipaAbHoro HcnyccTBa. Pexwccypa raxwe cipeMHAacb pacnrapHTb, noAiepKHyTb cuenu crpoH- TeAbCTBa, BHBOAHAa na cueHy SKCKaBaropu, noKa3HBana pafionax c Aona- 6raMii. Ho npeoAOAen. HAAiocrparaBHocTb, 6e3AeScT8eHHocrb srofi cioxeT- Hoft ahhhh buio HeB03M0XH0. B pe3y.ibTaTe Ha nepBbift nnaH b cneKraKAe ecrecTBCHHo BbiABHHynacb ceMeftHaa TeMa, pacxpbiTaa b «Bnp ceMba» eiae Cojiee HCxyccTBeHHO h ucjioapsmsthhho, teu b *flocniK nea uaxa66an. 279

B ueHTpe 3toh ckukcthoA ,ihhhh—X\\aHap, nepeaoBafl xeHiuHHa-arpo- hom, npeflceaanyib KOJixo3a, npeaaimaH aeay, pa-iexo CMorpamaa Bnepej, ropaio noaaepjKHBaiomaa naan co3aaHHH «CTemioro Mopa». Bhkch PanoBa, BrpaBiuaa pwib JKaaap, xoporno nepejaBa.ia ee MyxecTBemiocTb, fleaoaa- TOCTb. Xojiht OHa b canorax, c noaeiiuS cyMKoS, ffraaeT pacnopaacema rpoM- khm, He TepnaiuHM B03paxeHHn rojiocoM. My* JKaaap, HH*eHep AiUoc, npona.i 6e3 Becra Ha (jjpoHTe. Caina* ■ ero norHSuiHM, JKaaap roroBa Bropoft pa3 Bbiftra 3aMy* 3a aoKropa Kpea- JieBa. Ho HeoxmaHHoe B03BpameHtie Afijoca pa3pyniaeT are MMepeHHe, Afifloc-Ory36aeB—cepbe3en, aeaoBHT. Oh nepaaroBopaaB, HeroporuiHB, yrjiyfwieH b ce6a. IIpHe3*aeT oh b kojixo3 b cbbt/iom, paaocraoM HacrpoeHHH, Koropoeoa- Haxo pe3Ko H3MCHaeTCH, Koraa cmieTHHK h AOAUpb Kokbim noKa3bisaer e«y T&aerpaMMyaoKropa KpeM.ieBa, npocautero >Kanap Ha3Hawrbaem cBaAb6H. yapyieHHbiS, MpaaHbift chaht Aflaoc 3a ctoaom b MOMeiiTnoaMeHHaX(aaap. >KaHap, HCKpeHHC o6paaoBaHHaa B03BpameHHeM My*a, yparaHOM Bpn- BaeTca b KOMHaiy, Beceao kphhht: «A8aoc». OAHaito ee pajocn. He iuxo/w OTKAHica. ASfloc sipaiHo, MeaJieHHOhoaxoaht k Hefi, Mojma CpocaeTTeaerpaii- My KpeM.ieBa k ee HoraM. B co3i(aKKH >KaHap aeJuxaeT MbiCAb: cHeyxem oh He y3Haa MeHHnoCJie AO.irofi pa3jynn?» Ho 3aTeMOHa noHHMaer, are bh- ho8 BceMy— KpenuieB. JKaHap miaaei pyKH my Ha iweaH, Marao CMOipar b rjusa, *AeT OTBeTa. CypOBHM wecrou ASaoc OTCTpanaeree, XBaiaer rnan- xy h cpa3y yxoAHT. C miaaeM fipocaerca 3a hkm JKanap, ho iyr xe 6epeTce- 6h B pyKH HB MOJIHaAHBOMTOpeOCTaHaBAHBaeTCH. B oieayiomeH xapiBHe b ko.ixo3 npHe3*aeiaoktop KpeM.ieB.Oh Bcxpe- HaetcH c ASaocom, Aaxe He noA03peBaa, mo are— Myx JKaHap. Koot KpeMAee na3biBaeT cboio (jja.MH.iino, ASaoc B3AparHBaeT, He cpa3y noAaei PVKy. B HeM MOMemajibHO poxaaeTca HenpHa3Hb k KpeMJieey, ho oh era- 6pae-rcanoxopoHHTb sryHenpHH3Hb r.iy(5oKob Ayuie, npHKpurb ee MucKaHHO BexAHBbiM o pameHHeM. ASaoc iiphboaht KpemieBa b aom )KaHap, sax 6a noAiepKHBaa stum,mo He xeaaeT npennTCTBOBan> ee caacTbio. CjieAyeT BCrpena KpeiuieBa c WaHap b npHcyTCTBHH AAAOca. >KaHap CMymeHa, ho CTpeMHtca cMHraHTb hwobkoctl no.ioxeHHs ppyxecKH npoc- 6ium o pameHHeM c KpesMeBhiM. Tot He noHHMaeT, noaeMy jkaHap Taxxo- 10AOAHa, yAHBJieHHo cmotpht to Ha Xaaap, Ha AfiAoca, cmyTHo noA03pesa- 6m npaBAy. ASaoc no-npe*HeMy HeB03MyTHM, oh poeTca b yMarax h m * 6 0 6yAT He o pamaer BHHMaHHa Ha hx BCipeay, ho yrvioM rnasa cacaht 3a hb- 6mh.AAaoc yBepeH, aro JKaaap aio ht KpeMAeBa. He roBop* hh cjioBa, ob pe3xo noBopaaHBaeica h yxoAHT. KOHljUTHKT, pOXACHHUfi HeA0n0HHM3HHeMAfiAOCa, paCTHTHBaeiCHHaBOO nbecy, HecMOTpaHa to, hto XaHap cpa3y xe, peuiHTeahHo nopuBaeTc KpeM- “ .“ 0MeHT_nycxa boau b crenHoe Mope oxpyxajoujHe nuTatoicH npB- MHpHTbAfiAoca c XaHap, m ot OTBepraeTBCHKoe ofiiHcHeHHe. Aftaoc Mpa-

qeH, yapyneH, tcm fioaee, i r o ceKperapb pafiKO.wa EoraaHOB ynpeKHya e ro b U6BHHM3HHH k weHe, b cyxocTH, a a w e b OTCTaaocTH: «B Te6e em e HMeerca p*aBHnna npomaoro*. Fny6oKO nepewHBaaa 3Ty cueHy XaHap-PHMOsa. O n a BCWHyeTca, aro Afi- aoc He fiepewer CBoero 3aopoBba: ona paccrpoeHa, mo HeMoweT Bbipa3HTb A ftaocy cboio aioCoBb. B ra a 3 a x cae3N, pyKH cyaopowHocwHMaioTca. Hauo- Heu, He Buaep*aB, OHa noaxoa«T k Mywy h thxo npoH3HocHT: «5I m ncyaa o r Te6a He noflay*- M y 3 u x a n o aicp K n o aer mea o ap a maTHqHocrb stoA aapTHHu, 3aKaHiHBaiomeftca oCmopokom A 8aoca: ot bojihchhh, ot nepewHioro ropa k oaHOBpeMeHHO ot ciacTJiHBoro C03iiaHna, ito *eHa no-npewneMy c hhm. JIa a b iu e atvrop BBoaHT b nbecy em e oaHy scpcpeKTHyio, ho HCKyccTBeHHyio- CHTyamuo. y A flaoca n o cae paHeHHa 3acTpaaa b ce p a u e n y aa . floicrop KpeM- aeB, cneiw aaH cr no onepauHaM cepaua, 6epeica H3Baeib 3Ty nyaio. Onpy- w a io m iie, h b nepByio o te p e a b X a n a p , 6oaTCa, ito KpCM.ieB H am ier cbo- aHTb -iHHHbiec a e r a c AftaocoM h npHBeaeT onep au m o k CMepTCJibHOMy Hcxoay. H e nepBUH pa3 noaofiHHfi mothb noaBaaaca b TsopaeCTBe A6HuieBa: b n b e c a x «XoaaacTap» h «^octmk nea Maxa66aT» TaK*e 6u.th momchtu, kot- a a *H3Hb repoa HaxoaHTca b pyxax ero conepHHKa. KpHTHxa HeoaaoKpaT* ho OTMeaajia HCKyccTBeHHOcTb 3Toro MOTHBa, TeM He Meuee ap a M aiy p r caea bo3M0*hhm onaTb Hcnoab30BaTb ero. O nep au n a, KoaeaHo, n p o x o au r ycnem- ho, h cneKTaMb 6aaronoayaHO 3aKanaHBaeTca npHMiipemieM A flaoca c >Ka- CaMH HcnoaHHTejiH oraK au o cam aiia.iH HeecTecTBeHHOcn, HaayMan- HOCTb apaM anm ecKHx cHTyaimw nbecu h (paabinmiocTb o6pa30B. «B ca hcto- p n a c onepaim efi ce p au a — HaayMaHHa, — roBopur BiiKen PwMOBa, — k hch He a e w u r ayuia», «HeecTecTaeHHo, — roBopur X a r a a O ry36aea, — a n ) A ftaoc Tax a o a ro THHeT ccopy c X a H ap , umcax He MoweT oCbscHHTbca c Hefl no-x o p o m e .M y » . n o BHHe aBTopa oApaabi A flaoca h /K an a p , TpaKTOBaHHux nepeaoBbiMH aiOabMH B npOH3BOaCTBC H ofilUCCTBeHlIOH WH3HH, OKa3aUHCb CHHWeHH B 6bl- Abtop Kax 6yaro coayBCTByeT XaHap b ee crpeM.ieHHii nocxopee bnAth: 3a»iyw 3a KpeMaeBa, xoth ona aawe ne nuiaeTca npOBcpHTb H3BeCTHe o rafiejiH Aflaoca. Me« we o5T>HCHnerca b nbece ranan cneuixa 3toh wem LUHHbl? MoweT 6blTb, .IKDfiOBbW, KOTOpaH OnpaBflHBaeTBCdKyiOH3MeHy? Ho toKofi aro6bh y Xawap k KpeM.aeBy Her. Alaao Toro, iipn Bcxpeae X a - Hap c KpeM.ieBbiM 3puTeab yCewaaerca b ee noano.w paBHoaymHH k He- My. Cnemuy Xanap co BropuM 3aMywecTB0M secbiaa nomao pa3MCHHeT b pa3roBope c Hero cexperapb pafixoMa Boraaiios: «Te6e TpyaHo no6e- a«Tb b ce(5e MoryaHfi 3aKOii npnpoau*... ripHHHweHHOCTb TaKofl Mopa.ni He nouyaaeT b cneKTawie aocraToaHO cypoBoro ocywaeHHH. Eme MeHbme coayBcrBHH BU3UBaeT noBeaeiiHe A flaoca, fie cce pae w o m Henyrao o ra o ca m e ro ca k arofiam efi ero XaHap. flpuHaB BHa ue3acayw eH -

'ho ofiHXCHHoro, Afifloc yKJiOHHeTca ot HCKpeHHero oSmchchhh c xeHoS, npeaiejyer cc nouwuMH ynpexaMH, apoje «Bonpoca»: •KoHimia Ayxan> ■o KaBa.iepax?* KpoMe cenpeTapa pafiKoua EoraaHOBa, hhkto He npoTtcry- 3a ue-iKHuu MejiojpaMaTHiecKHMH CTpajtaHHHMH Afijoca, 3a ero 06- MopoKaMH «e BHflHO qe-ioBCKa 6anbiuo6 Mem. Afiaoc miKoraa He ywiexaer 3a co6oh. jlawe ero 6AHxafiuiHB itomoihhhk Maxea Bee speMH ciiopn c hhm H3-3a miaiia, BMABHraa nopofi pa3yMHbie B03paxeHHs. A jpyras CTpoHT&iH Mopa BOBce He noKa3aHU. TaKOBH HenocTaTKH cneKtaiua «5Hp ceMba*. H3-3a OTcyrcmHa npoas- BoacrBemoro KOHipjiHKTa b HeM He 6ma pacKpura tcmh o6boah6HHb 3acy- umhboB CTenH. Hecepbe3Hhifl noaxoa k fibiTOBUM npofiaeMaM, yBaeieaae ■BHeume sipijjeKTHHMH CHtyanHHMH noMemaAH pa3pemHTb 3aTpoHyrae npo6’ aeMbl fibrra u Mopa/iH. Ha Bcecoi03HOM CMOTpe cneKTamiefi coBpeMeHHoii coBeTCKoS TeMars- kh neroM 1949 rojia Ka3axcK«S AKaaeMH'iecKHH reaTp no«a3aa nocraHOBUy nbecu HwrMeTa BaflMyxaMeAOBa «Achui Tacrap* («CaMOiwera») — 06 aa- wenepax-reojiorax Ka3axcraHa, Hinymax ueHiiue Mera-iau b ropax CBoeJpec- nyCaHKH15. BafiMyxaMftflOB, mcwioaoB npaMarypr, b cBoeM TBopiecme, KOHeaao, BcrpeTH.ica c icmh xe TpyaHocraMH, m o u A6HoieB b tojimco m o pa3pa6o- Tannbix nbecax «flocTUK nen Maxa66ar» h «Eap ceMba», b nepsyio oaepeib -c TpyAHOCIWO IIOCTpOHTb aKTHBHblft KOHIpJIHKTHa OCHOBe IipOH3BOACTBeHHOS TeMaraKH. B nepBOfi CBOeB nbece, «BaA6y,ian» (cMeaoBufl pyae8»), c noaofi- Hoft 3aAaaefl BafiMyxaMeAOB coBepmeHHO He cnpaBiuca. B neB ocHOBHaare- Ma XHBOTHOBOACTBa 6bUia COBCpuieHHO 3aCJI0HeHa HHTHMHMMH B3aHM00T80- ineHHHMH repoeB, oCHOBaHHUMH »a nyraHHiie H3-3a neBepoHraoro cxoacisa Abvx repoeB h Taaoro xe cxOACTBa AByx repomb. Hao6opoT, b nbece «Acbin raciap* aBTopy yaa^ocb 3aBH3aTb KOHijuiasr BOKpyr rjiaBHoft npoH3BOACTBeHHofi reMU h Ha ocHose aroro KOHtpAHKta ma- poKo pacKpbiTb xapaKTepu h crpeMaeHHH cbohx repoeB. Bopb6a b nbecepa3BepraBaeica BOKpyr Bonpoca o xapaicrepe pafioiu 3t- cneanuHH, HanpaB-iseMoa b ropHUi'i pafioH KasaxcTaaa AjmjH-cafi ibis none- kob uiecAHra — MeTaaaa, Koropbifi, (SyAyiH ao6aEneii b ciuiaB, npwaer ct3hh Kpenocib anMa3a. B nbece npoTHBonocraBAaioTCH ABe rpynnu pa6oTHHK0B, no-pa3HOMy OTHOCRmHXCH K38AanaM3KCneAHUHH H KCBOHM06lHeCTBeHHbIMO6S38HH0- •cthm BOo6uie. HayqHue pa6oTHHKH Ep6oA, ero xeHa AflHa, MOJiOAbie acnB- paKTU HypTafi h TaAnra, crapHKH paSo'iHe Ba3apKVAh BajiTa6ex neAH* KOM yBJieaeHu 3aAaiefi, Koropyio nepej hhmh nocnnuia napwa, ropat xejiaHHeM Hafira h Aarb crpaHe HyxHhiB Meram Hm npoTHBonocraBAea xapbepHCT h qecroAK>6eu nibnrrac, AcaTenbHOCTb aoToporo noAaHHeaaero ahhhum HHiepecaM h MeAKHM pacaetaM.

Ep6o.ii nepBtiA BUjBHHyji aaeio o noHcnax meejiHTa b ropHOM paioHe AjiTMH-cafi, cocTaBHJi MapmpyT aKcneaauHH. Ero naeto noaaepwHBaeT npo- (peccop Cokoaob—oojibwoii aBTopHreT b stom abac. Ho EpCoJi bot ywe ie • Thipe rona HaxoaHTca Ha $poHTe, a Cokojiob cneuiHO Buexavi no BH30By b M ocKBy. Ha 3acejaHHH b ofixoMe suaBHraeTca KaHflHaaTypa UIuHTaca b xa- aecTBe pyKOBOflHTeaa axcneauiuiH. IUuHTac naao BepiiT b cymecTBOBaHHe uieanHTa Ha AaruK-cae. Ho ero yBaexaeT MeiTa o BJiacTH, o caaBe, bo3mow- HocTb BuaBHHyrbca; pa«H aroro oh ciaHOBHTca bo raaBe axcneaHUHOHHofi rpynnu. UlbiHTac BJiio&ieH b acnHpaHTKy Taaiu-y. H o Taawa He coraamaeTca 6 6-exarb b ropu oAHa, 6e3 CBoeii noapyra Ah hu.Toraa iilsjHTac ,iofiHBaerca, hto u h Aflwa u.ia BKaroHena b cocraB axcneanimH. KaMaa KapMbicoB b apno caTHpHiecxHx Tonax pacoBaa o6pa3 Meaxoro HecToaio6ua IUuaraca, xopouio BUHBaaa ero pa3BH3H0CTb, caMoyaepeH- Hocrb, ynoeHiie aocraBineiicH eMy Baacrbio. B xyueM nHawaaKe weaTO-Kana- peeiHoro UBera xpyTifrcH oh no cueiie, 6pocaeT oxpywaiouiHM CHHCxoaHTeab- iihie penaHKH, xaononeT, to yroBapHBaa TaaHry exaTb c sxcneaHmieH, to 3 B0H8 no TeaetpoHy, hto6h 3anoayiHTb Afliiy b cboS oTpaa; caMOaOBoabHO naurpuBaeT oahhm naabpeM Ha cpoprenuaHo «mk>khk, hhjkhks. B TpeBory noBepraer ero noaBaeHHe Epfioaa, KaK pa3 b stot momcht B03BpaTHBmeroca c (ppoHTa. UlbiHTac BOBce He jKeaaer, vtoCu Ep6oa Tax- * e Bouiea b sxcneaimHio. Pa3BH3HO, c npHTBopno 3a6oTAHBUM bhaom UlbiH­ Tac yOewaaeT Ep6oaa, tto eMy Heo6xoawMo oraoxHyTb, nonpaBirrbca nocae <j)poHra, aapHT eMy nyieBKy b caHaTopnft. Caeayioutaa xapTHHa nepeHOCHT 3pHTeaa b ropu, b uiTa6 pa3BeauBa- TcabHou rpynnu. UlbiHTac h 3aecb BepeH ce6e, 3a6oTHTca He 06 ycnexe aeaa, a o jihhhom yaoCcTBe. O koao nero cyeTHTca paOoTimua, Koropaa npHHocHT eMy to 6pHTBeHHuft npHOop, to craKan aaio. B toA x e cueHe n aiH H aer BuacH3Tbca HecnocofiHOCTb UIuHTaca pyxo- BoaHTb 3KcneaHUHefl. Ero pacnopaxeHHa BU3UBax>T fiypHufl npoTecT Afillbl, OTKpHTOe npOTHBOaeflCTBHC. Tax xe iieyaaiHU yxawHBaHHa UIuHTaca 3a TaanroA, Koropaa aaBHo y * e jiio6ht HapTaa. Flu-iaa peBHOCTbK), IUuHTac 3Jio npnaapaerca k HapTaio h nocae KpynHoro pasrOBOpa c hhm OTWcaaer ero «3 SKcneaHUHH. UlyMHO h yBJieneHHO HcnoaHaaacb 3Ta cnena ccopu, bo BpeMa KOTOpofi IUuHTac, cob- ceM BUincaiuHfl H3 ce6a, cpuBaiouiHMCa ot raeBa roaocoM, KaK 11a MaabHHiu- Ky, KpiiuiT Ha acnnpaHTa HapTaa. Hapiafi, B03BpaTHBiuHHca b ropoa, coofimaer oftnaerHUM opraHH3aiui- hm o HenpaBHJbHOM pyKOBOacTBe h caMoaypcTBe UIuHTaca. H3 ropoaa b ro­ pu npne3»aeT npoBepoiHaa komhcchh... TaKHM o6pa30M aBTopy nbecu yaaerca TecHo yBH3an> oOmecrBeiiHo- fipOH3BOaCTBeHHyiO AeHTMbHOCTb TepOeB C AHHHefi HX AH1HUX OTHOUieHHfi.

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nbecu, B03HHKaiomHft or roro, wo SKcneaHumo B03rjiaB.iaeT xapbepHcr IllblHTaC. B JKH3HH 3KCneAHUHK> HeCOMHCHHOB03MaBiM (5bl Ep6o.1... OaHHM caobom, KpuTHKn TpeOoBanH, wo6u b nbece Bee 6uno jiajHO, wofiu jei- crBOBajiH itwibKo iKMiojKHTeflbHhie THnbi, wo6bi Apawaiypr ae Kacaaca or- pHaaTeabHbix BBaeHHii h HeaocrarKOB, HMewiniixca b Hamefi }kh3hh. Taxiie Tpe60B3HHH npHBOAHAH K CM33UB3HHIO TpyAHOCTefi X03HfiCTBeHH0r0 CTpOH- nynrejibCTBa, k aaiaipoBKe fleflcrBHieJibiioaH. KpHTHKa TO.iKa.ia Apanarypra Ha SecKOHtpAHKTHOCTH. 3hmoB 195ft'51 roAa b ueaax nepec.MOTpa cymecTBywiunx nbec Ka3ax- CKOfl ApaMaTyprm h oaHmeima penepTyapa or 0e3biAefii(ux h Ma.ioxyao- HtocTBeHHbix nbec npH ynpaBnemiH no nenau HCKyccTB KasaxaaHa finna o6pa30Ba«a crreuHajibiiaa komhcchh, kotopaa Aa.ia cBoe 3aK.noieHHe h no nwce «Acha TacTap». B 3tom 3aKAio>ieimH He noATBepwnaeTcs MHesae «Ka3axeraHCKoft npaBAbis, 6yaTO 3Ta nbeca b Kopne (jjaiibinma, oaHaKo orMenaerca paa cepbe3iiux ee HeaocraTKOB. 6OcHOBHaa ooiaeTHaa jihhhh nbecu pa3BHta Henoano. Cexperapb o - 6Kona }KHe« aeB h pyccKHfl yqeHuB Cokoaob ocraiOTca b cropoHe or ochob- hux coOhthB, ohh MHoro pa3roBapnBaiar, aeioiaMHpyioT, ho He npHraiaa- 6w t ynacTHa b noacKax meeaHTa. IloAoxHTejibHue o6pa3M CoxoaoBa, Ep- oaa, A hhu iuioxo BbisBneHbi. Boaee apox orpnuaTeabHbiii o6pa3 IUtrara- ca. JbuK aeficTByiomHX jihb nnaxaTeH, 6e3XH3HeH. EaecTBemio, wo nbeca, noABepruiaaca cronb 3HaaHTeabHog KpHraxe, He Moraa yaepxatbca b penepTyape TeaTpa. 33 KoJixo3Haa *H3Hb 6buia idhpoko noKa3aHa Ha cueHe Ka axcKoro apaMaTHiecKoro TeaTpa b Hanaae 30-x poaob, b nepHOA KOAAeKrHBH3aupH, h pacapura b uenoM paAe cneKtaKiiefi, Hawnaa ot nbecu «Tapwc» 1930 roAa, KOHiaa nbecofl «Tacryneic» 1935 roAa. Oah3ko b AanbHeBmen KOAX03H3H TeMa HcaeMa c K03axcxoH pecnyfiAHKaHCKofi cueau, ycryraB 6MeCTO H306paxeHHI0 JKH3HH HaUHOHaAbKOH HHTCAJWreHUHH. BiiHuaHHe, xoropoe hao yAeneiio cenbCKony xo3nficTBy b HapoAHO- X03flHCTBeHHbIX njKHaX nOCAeBOeHHOIO BpeMeHH, BHOBb Iipo6yAH-10 HHTe- pec Ka3axcKO# ApaMaiypnm k K0AX03y. C 1950 roAa Ha cueHe AnaAeMHie- 6 6cKoro TeaTpa craAH OARa 3a Apyrofl noaBAWbca nbecu H3 koaxo3hoB x®- hh, 3aAana Koropux—noKa3an> opb y nepeAOBUx coneTCKiix AiOAeS 3a noAieM cenbCKoro xcBaficrea, pacKpuTb TpyAHOCTH, CTOSBiuHe Ha hx nyra: «MHjiAHOHep» rafiHAeHa MyeraijwHa (Mail 1950), «ryAbaeH, Aana!* («UBe- 6 6 66th,crenb!») A ak.imiu TawH aeBa (oicraSpb 1952), cM chhii Maxa aiuM» 6(«Moh Aio oBb») Myxana Hwaii/KaHOBa (Hoafipb 1953), a TaraKe nepeooA- 0Hue nbecu: «KaAHiioBaa poma» A. KopHefiqyxa (anrycT 1951) h «UleaK - 6 6Boe cio3aHe» ya excKoro Apamaiypra A AynJiu Kaxxapa (anpeab 1953). n b e c a «Mn.MH0Hep> H anacana Mycra^HHUM Ha ocuoBe oahohhchho- ro pouaHa, h wo CKa3anocb Ha ee xapaicrepe. HepeAeaKH AHTepaiypHNX

npoH3BefleHnft b nbecu pejno npHBOjwT k ycnexy, Aawe ecaa 3a hhx SepeT-. ea caM aerop nonecm Tan nanyqmiocb h Ha stot pa3*‘. riheca o&naaaer HecoMHeapuMH jiH-repaTypHUMH aocroHHCTBaMH, ae8- CTByioiuHM jihubm npHAau jkhboB, pa3rOBopHHii souk; ho ApaMaryprHqecKH. meca caafia, 6e3aeflcTBeHHa, oaHoofipa3Ha, oha npoH3Boa«T 6oaee 6aea- Hoe BneaawieHHC, neM noBecn.. B raaire Koaxo3Haa «H3Hb noxasana *n- Bee, KpacoHHee, neM Ha cueHe. CfoaceT noBecTH—6opb6a rpynnu aaraBHCTOB 3a pacurapemie h ycito- peHHe K0AX03H0TO CTpOHTGJlbCTBa, KOTOpoe T0pM03HT npeaceaaTeAb, C.1HU1- kom OCTOpoHtHbiii b cbohx naanax. Taxoft ciwKer— aoCTaTOBHaa ocwoBa A-in noBeciH, rae aBrop HMeer bo3mo* hoctb napncoBaib b oiepuoBOM naa- He paa xh bhx Kapran Koaxo3Horo Tpyaa, Koaxo3Horo crpoffreabCTBa. Ho. b nbece stot koh<{)Jihkt Kawerca bh-tum, craaweimbi.u. Oh He aaeT noBoaa' k aKTHBHOH ApauaTHHecKoS 6opb6e. IHapoKHii naan Koaxo3Horo CTpoifreab- ctbs, BuaBHuyTbiS aKTHBHCTOM )KoMapTOM, He BCTpeiaer Soabinoro npOTH- BoaefieTBHB. )KaKbin, npeaceaaieab Koaxo3a, iipothbhhk sroro naaHa,— aawe He oTCTaabiii qeaoBeK, oh npocro ctopohhhk ocropoatHoro aanxemn Bnepea- )KoMapT, ero 3aniecTHTeab, — uiape no pa3.viaxy, aaabHOBHAHee, oieaee, oh totob hath Ha phck, annib 6u caopee aofiHTbca pocTa. B nbece He nona3aHH aeficTBHreabHbie TpyaHOCTH, nopoii BcrpenaiomHeca Ha nym CTpoHreaeii K0MMyHH3Ma. Bopb6a b nbece aawe He HMeeT xapaKTepa 6opb- 6u nepeaoBoro c oTcranbiM, sto npocro 6opb6a xopomero c aymiHM. Cbmh K0AX03HHKH TOBOpHT: «H XaKUll XOpOUl, H K0AX03 XOpOUI, HO MOJKeT CblTb ciue ayqme». Ha-3a He3HamiTeabHOCTH KOH<JuiHKTa aeiicTBHe b nbece pa3BHBaeroB bhao, b Heii Her Hacroamero apaMa™3Ma. Bca 6opb6a 3a naaa cboahtch k cnopaM Ha pa3anqHbix cofipaHHax, Koropue caeayioT oaao 3a apyniM, to b Koaxo3e, to b paiioHHOM aeirrpe. BoabuiHHCTBo aeficTByioiuHX ahu ofipHCouaHo b nbece oaHocTopoHHe, HM He XB3T3CT IHHpOTbl Kpyr030pa, fioraTCTBa MblCJlH, npHCyiUHX COBeTCKO- uy aeaoBeKy. 06eaneii aa*e o6pa3 )KoMapTa, Koropbifi, no MucaH aBropa, aoaweit 6biTb o6pa3uoM nepeaoBoro, aaabHOBHaHoro pyKOBOAHTeaa Koaxo3a. Hcnoa- HHieab 3toi\"i poaH KanaH BaawpoB noxa3aa XoMapra 3kthbhwm, yfiewaeH- HbiM b CBoeft npaBOTe. Hacrofi'iHBUM, ho He wor noamm. o6pa3 Ha 6oab- myio BbicoTy H3-3a OTcyTCTBHa TeKcroBOro MaTepHaaa. Hawfioaee HHTepeceH h AmiaMHieH a cneKTaicae o6pa3 JKaxbina b hc- noaneHHH Kaa«6eKa KyaHbiumaeBa, nocKoawty aitrepy yaaaocb noxasaib ge ToahKO npoTHBoaeficTBHe JKaKbina HOBOMy naaHy, ho h nocreneKHUH npouecc nepepowaeHHa JKaKuna, ocoaHauHe hm CBoeii iienpaBOTbi. Axrep npHAaa o6pa3y fioabinyio npHBaeKaieabHOCTb, JKaKbin MsroK, cnoKoeH, ypaBHOBemeH. 287

OcHOBHoe 3epHo o6pa3a, npexpacHo BU»B.ieHHoe axtepoii, — jtoSobs k CBoeniy Konxo3y, 3a6oTa o ero npouBBTaHHH. 3aHHTcpecoBaHHOcTb XaKbina npoaBAHerai y * e iia nepBOM cofipaHHH, Ha kotodom o 6 c y * aa e ic a iuiaH, npea'cTaMeHHUH XoMaproM. Cjiyinan bh- CTynaiouiHx oparopoB, X axhin whbo p e arap y er Ha hx CJiOBa, xpxoS mhmk- Kofi B upascaer cboc otHouiCHHe k xawAOMy. E cah X aK un cor^aceH c bu- CTyroiemieM o p ato p a, ok yAOBAempeHHO norAawHBaer yen. B npoiHBHon CJiynae w panio onyexaer raa3 a hah ofiwHraeT oparopa rpo3HHM b3M«jom H3-noa HaxMypeHHbix OpoeeA. flawe oiCTpaueHiibiH or pyxoBOAcrea, Xaxun He 03A0&!seTCH, He or- xnflHT ot AeJi- I lo-npe/KHCMy c BeAHHaSuniM BHHMaHHeM cAeAHT3a xibhuo Ero ao r.iy6HHu flyuiH BOJiHyioTcnyxH o hobom npeacesareAe, Hanpa- iicp, npHHecoHnafl .aoAupeM BeftceaoM BecTb o npoaase xoaxo3om menes- Horo cKOTa, Ha npHofipereHHe Koroporo 6hao 3arpaneHo croibxo cpeacre ii ycHAiiS. C ropaiuiiMH r.ia3aMK, pacapoemibifi, BcxaxuBaer XaxHn h, ro- TOBUfi k 6opb6e, ycTpeMAHercH H3 AOMa. riocrencHHo oco3HaeT X a x u n cboh ouihSkh. Oh nom m aer, hto e*y He xBaraeT 3iiaiiHH aah pyxoBOACTBa kojixo30m b hobux ycAOBHnx, ciapaer- CH BAOWHTb CBOIO AOAK) yHaCTHH B pa3BHTHe K0AX03a no HOBOMy Many. 3pHTCJTb isocropwemio aimoAHpyeT X axhiny, Koiopuft iiphboaht Ha cue- Hy fipiiraAy crapHKOB, co3AaHHyio hm b noMonib koaxo3hhk3M, xoraa He xeaTa.io pafioinx pyx. B nocAeAHHX cueirax XaKbm oTxpoBeHHo h hhcto- cepAeiHO npH3HaeTcboio HenpaBOTy, npHBeicrByer noSeay n.ianoa Xoiiap- Ta. y6e.iHTe.ibHo noxa3braaA a p n ic r, hto cnexiaxAb npHBOAHT X a ra rta se k xpyuieHHK), a x nepepowAeiwio. B nbece xpymiuM nnaHOMabhu ABa wencxHx o6pa3a: )KaHaT—cexpe- rapb napTopraHH3auHH, aohb >Kaxuna, h An.ua — ero BoenHraHHHua. He- c.MOTpa iia poAcriiCHiiije orHomeima c XaxunOM, o6e ohh noAsepxifflaiw naaH XoMapra. Airrop ycnowHHeT cmyaiiHio erne tcm, hto XaaaT h Aiwa, CBMaHHue Me*Ay co6o8 recHoB Apy*6o8, b to we BpeMH o6e akj6«t Xo- MapTa, o6e paccHHTtiBaior buBth 3a Hero 3any*. ApTHCTKH BHxeH PHMoua b poah XanaT, XaMan }KaAMyxaM6ei«Ba b pOJIHAjIMH CrpeMHAHCb XaK-TO HHAHBIIAyaAH3Hp0B3Tb 3TH HeipKHe 0<pa3H, npHAan. hm 6oJibi(mfl ,ipaMaTH3M. XaHar — .noCHMaa AOHb npeacejaTe-M xoAxo3a, 6bwa *HBeS, noABHWHefi, Bece-ieS A.imu. Anua — CHpoTa, booth- TaHHaa b HyjxoM aomc; no TpaxroBxe Xa.iMyxaMfieTOBoS, ona aonwHa 6ht& rpycTHaa, 3aayMiHBafl. Oco6eH*> noAHepxMaAa apracTxa crpaAaHHHAnw b MOMeHT, xorAa ao Hee aoxoaht nomoe H3BecTHe, hto XoMapT weHHTca Ha X aH ar. H o b 6o.ibuiHHCTBe cueH HcnoJiHHTeAHM He yAasanocb npHAaib *rpe TAy6oxoro ApaMara3Ma, nocxojibxy b nbece He 6bino raa aroro MaTepHana: aBTop Aawe He nonuraiicH HcnoJib30Ban> CAowHue B3aHM00TH0ineHHx Me* ay AeflcTByiowHMH anuaMH, hto6u o6ocTpHTb koh$.ihkt, yaunm ero B«- HpHJXeHHOCTb. '288

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6ramie, ona nano BBaaaRa b paaBHine achctbhh,xaK h uy» ee Xauac. H to- bi HecKoabKo pacuiHptrrb po.ib, aBTop b b m b nbecy waHpoBbie xapTHHXii H3 jkh3hh nojixo3a, He HMeiomiie oTHouiemiH k pa3BHTHio ocHOBHoro Aefier- 6bhh, HanpHMep, Bcrpeqy yacroflreH co CBHiiapKoii koaxo33 ToK HKe (Cafin- 6pa MafixanoBa). y^croKren He nofiopoaa eme b ce e ocTaBineroca ot era- 6 6poro uTa npeay e>KAeHHH npoTHB cbhiihhu. OHa ne noAnycxaeT k ceOc ToxCHxe, npHHecmyio napy nopocsr. B yBAenemiH cnopoM o koaxo3iu>ix ge- Jiax VjiciOHreH ne 3aMenaer, Kax Toxfiaxe nepeaaeT eft b pyicu nopoceHxa, 63aTeM, onoMHHBUiHCb, c ywacoM orraaKHBaeT ero, a caMa pocaeicH b apy- ryio cropoHy. Been stot arwaoA aprHcraa HanoAHaeT HenoaneabHUM kjmo- pOM, fiOAblHOfi HCKpeHHOCTblO. Ho erO CaTHpHqeCKHfi CMblCJI KpafiHe y30K II He pacuiKpaerca aaxce caMoii TaAaHTAHBofi iirpofl. FcpoHHH nbecM— AOHb J K a n a c a A H ap, toabko q r o 0K0H>me(ua« hhcth- Tyr h no.iyiH B Luaii KBa.'imJjHKaumo H H w eiiepa. O n a npHe3*aer b kcuixo3 b nepB oft ciieH e, e e p a a o c n i o B c rp eia io T poAHTeAH, c HeTepneHHeM w a e T ec w em ix — Koaxo3Hbifl arponoM B axbm xaH. Bnneii Phmob3 ao «FyabAeH, Aana!» curpaaa ywe HecxoAbxo po.iefl coBeTCKHX AeBymeK b nbecax HaiwoiiaAbHofl ApaMaTyprHH: Cayae («flocrbiK neH Maxa66aT»), XaHap («6np ceMbn»), JKaHaT («MHAAHonep»). 3 th 06- pa3H Ka3aAHCb eft BO MHOrOM CXOWHMH, HHOrAa H3.1HUIHe CXeMaTHHHblMH. CpeAH hhx poAb AHap — oAHa H3 Ayiuiax. AHap — *cnean, noaTHiHaa ab- uyuiKa. 06pa3 xan 6u oBean cBeixecibio, 03apeH coahikm. EAsa noHBHBUiHcb b KOAX03e, AHap BOBAexaercH b OoptOy npoTHBono- AoiKHbix B3rAHAOB. npoHH XHyraH c AetCTBa yBaweHHeM x T eA brape , o n a He MoixeT noBepHTb, hto oh HenpaB. riosTOMy AHap HeAOBOAbiia craTbeft npoTHB T eA b rap w , CTporo, neoAofipHTeA wio cmotpht OHa iia B aK H T w ana. Ka.iHX CaypuxoB, ncnoAHHTeAb poah BaxbinxaHa, riOA'iepKHBaA b ht- pe rAySoxoe ysaweHHe h Aio6oBb x Anap. CxpoMHO, AB*e poCxo noAxoAHT oh x AeBymxe, npiicawHeaeTCH 3a ee cdhhoh, BonpocHTeAbHo cmotpht Ha Hee. HecxoAbxo Marne craHOBHica b3taha AHap, ho Bee we AocraToiHO TBepAO OHa OObHBAHeT, 1TO CBaAbObI He CuBaTb BnAOTb AO npHMHpeinia p.pawAywuiHX cTopoH. C ropenbio npHHHMaeT ee CAOBa yACioftreH, rax uei- TaBiuaa o csaAbfie AonepH. AHap nbiTaeTca 3aHHTb npHMHpHTeAbHyxi no3HUHio b 6opb6e Asyx ruia- hob. OHa roBopHT BaxbiTwaHy: « B naaHe a »AH mhoto HHTepecHoro. IloneMy Bbi He coBeryeiecb MewAy cofioft, a cpa3y XBaTaeTecb Apyr 3a Apyra? 3 to ACAO xapbepHCTOB h ce6nAio6ueB». B srofi penAHxe AHap, a Biiecre c Heft h aBrop, HaMenaAH HaHfioAee npaBHAbHoe, He oAHOCTopoHHee pa3pemeHHe cnopa, o&beAHHeHHe, coBMeiueHne AByx iiAaHOB, Bezymee k noAteMy 3x0- HOMHKH OAHOBpeMeHHO C pOCTOM 6A3TOCOCTOHHHH OTAeAbHbIX XOAX03HHKOB. Ho, x cowaAeHHio, Ha srofi BbicoTe AHap He ynepwanacb, OHa craAa npo- THBHHltefl HAaHOB TeAbrapbi. C n e a a pa3MOABKH A H ap c T eA brapoii — oAHa H3 caM u x ApaMaTHiecKHX 293

8 c n e m w ie . B 6e3o6aaiHOM HacTpoeHHH bxojht AHap a xaGHHer Teawa- p a , a erx o noflcawHBaeTca oxoao Hero na p y w y xpecaa. H o Teabrapa aa- Boaiir HenpiiHTHUH pa3roBop: coBeTyer A »ap 0Txa3an>CH o r w enaxa Baxur- maHa. AHap B03Myinena BMemaTC-ibCTBOM b ee m tiH ue fleaa, ho Cflepatu- Baer ceGn h He3aMCTH0 nepecaxcHBaeTca c x pecaa Ha flHaaH. B sraafl Teat- r a p u CT3H0BHTCH rpo3HHM, peab — 6oaee eo36y*fleHHofi. H anpacao aoxa- 3UBaer AHap, n o naaHu AfoaaoBa ocymecrBHMbi, hto ohh npHHecyTnoab- 3y Koaxmy. T eabrapa cayrnger; Mpanio oiBCpHyBiiiHCb b cropoHy, Hajys- niHCb, ycTpeMHB B3raflfl b ijotmok. 3 a r a i BCxaioiBaCT, B036y*aeHH0 xpn- miit, floBOflH A«ap flo cae3. 3ry caeiiy 3acraeT exoASiaxA BaxbiTwaH. Bee erne B036yxfleiiHu8 6cnopoM, T eabrapa pe3xo lUBupaeT eMy npHxa3 o nepeBOie b flpvrofi xoa- xo3. 3 tot momhit (5bia Han oaee apxuM b iirpe Kaabixa CaypuKOBa-EaxHT- w aiia. O h cpa3y 3aropaercH rHeBOM, raa3 a CBepxaiOT. He b cioiax Cflep- >KaTb ceOx, oh pa3pbiBaeT npHxa3. AHap c HcxpeHHHM ropeM h coiyBcrax* eM caefliiT 3a stoA cueuoft. OHa nuTaeTca ycnoxoHtb Baxu-maHa h yBoflirr ero H3 KaCHiiera T eabrapa. B cnexTaxae 6biao Hecxoabxo aHpHXO-flpaMaTmecxHx cuen, phcob3b- imix B3aiiM00TH0ineHHH A nap c BaxamaHOM. H o aioGoBb hx noxasana no- nepxHocTuo, nopofi HecxojibKO oneperoMHo. BnexaTaeiuie onepeTowocw 6yauraanH neceHKH, b kotophx ohh pacxpbiBaflH flpyr apyry cboh xyflerea. Ewe Meaee cepbe3HO, c BoflemiabHUM iiaaeroM o pHcoBaHa b cnexTax- ae Biopas .nodoBHaa napa, BBeflernwHana 3a6ar>u 3pHieasi: 'Gapma— cry- 6fleHTKa-3ooiexHHX, npHexaBuiaa b xoax03 Ha npaxtHKy, h SanGex— sxene- flHTop h 3aBeflyioiuHfi xay oM xoaxo3a. B npefleaax aBTopcxoro Texcia IU oanan )Kaiw3p6eKOBa (Oapxaa) co3flaaa npH arau#, ho aerxoBecHbiA o6pa3 BerpeHoS aeByuiKH, xoKerHHiaio- weA c noHouiuM y * e SaaGexoM. 6 0E.noGaA ysiypsaxoB, Hrpaa SanGexa, He noypyflHflcacarapHiecxHyray- h h o6pa3 3Toro GoaryHa h aoflbipti, npHflarb e«y oGwecrBeHHyro 3HaiH- MOCTb, OH HOUiefl nO flHHHH HyCTOrO OfibirpUBaHHH KOMHieCKHX niM »eHHS, flaHHHX b nbece, bhhbhh roabxo ero yxawmanHH sa <J>apHaoA. 6Bot 3an6ex noHMHerca Ha cnene c GyxeroM b pyxax, npeaHa3HaaeH- hhm flax OapHflu, y Hero BKfl MOfloflHmerocH (fipaHTa, Geaue p»xH, cae- ;khh xopHiHeBbiA miflwaTOK, coflOMeHHaH wecixag uiarnia-xaHOTbe. Oh sHaeT, wo ifapHfla HaxoflHrcx b sto BpeMH b xopoBHHKe, h noeT y 3axpu- roro oxna necemy B03ax>6aeHHoA, KOMXiecxH pacrarMBas kohuu crpox. JlBHHceHHa — Gucrpue, pa3BH3H«e, pe3XHe. BHe3anHo okho oTKpBBaerca h b hcm noaBflaerca BMecro OapHflu... ToacruA, oTflVBawwHAcx Teabrapa! nepenyraiiHbiH SaaGex OTCxaxxBaeT, npHcaxaiBaercH Ha 3eMa», flpo*ar Meaxoi flpojxbK)h HcxyccrBeHHo uieBeaHrryGaMH. 6TeM BpeMeHeM c apyroS cropoHH flBopa npHxoflHT 4>apHfla. 3aH6ex apoHcauieB pyxoA nporarHBaeT eA Gyxer, raaflHT Baio aeHHo. Ero flBH*e- 294

6HHH CTaHOBHTCH CUie Gojiee GuCTpUMH, CTpeMHTeJIbHbIMH. YxOfla H KaK u He b CHJiax OTopBaTfa B3op ot OapHjbi, S.ijhGck iiara.TKiiBaijTCH cHavaJia Ha BaKUTHtaHa, 3aieM na >KaHaca. SfaypsaKOB komhhcckh, b BOAeBiuibHoS Ma- iiepe oGurpUBaeT bth ctojikhobchhh. TaxaH MaHepa itrpbi npoTHBopeamia npaBfle h HCKpemiocTH, KOTopyro bhochjih b HcnojiHenne KyanbimnaeB ()Ka- Hac), KoH'iyGaeiia (yjicioftreH) h apyrae aicrepu. CneKiaioib «TyayreH, aaaa!» nopoAHJi 3HaiinTe.ibHbie otkjihkh b ne- laTH C pa3HOpeHHBblMH OUeHKBMH. B HeM GbMH nOflHHTbl Kpynllfcie npHHUK- iiHa.ibiibie BonpoCH, HiiTepecoBaBuiHe oGmeeroo. npHBJieicaTejibHue o6pa3u VKaHaca h yjicioftreH, carapHiecKHS o6pa3 Tejibrapu HaAoJiro 3ane4aTJie- JlHCb B H3MHTH 3pHTe.ieft. Ilo CpaBHeHHK) C «MH.1JlHOHepOM» KOHlfiaHKT B «ryabaeH, aaJia!» 3HaiHieabHo ocipee, 6opb6a npoTHBOciommix oGpaaoB aKTHBiieii. ycnex TeaTpa b npeoAoaemm 6ecnoH<|wiHKTHocTH h cepocTH 6hin COiyBCTBeHHO 0TMC4CH B pHA6 ra3eTHhlX H JKVpHa.IbHblX CTaTeii. Ho H na 3T0T pa3 HCKOTOpUM KpHTHKaM, CTOpOHHHKaM GeCKOH(}>AHKT- hocth, caTHpHiecKoe nanaao nbecu noxasajiocb cahiukom pe3Kiiw, ocwsp- Gme.ibHiJM aah aocTOHHCTBa coBeTCKoro nenoBeica. HecMOTps na to, hto 6 6b ueHTpaawiofi neiara vace aasHO Beaacb opb a c GecwffliJniHKTHOCTbio, nee »e CTOpoHHHKH nocn’eAHeii noAHHAH CBofi ro.ioc npoTHB nbecu. Tax, nanpHMep, b ra3eie «JIeHHHimui wac» Guna noHemena peu.eH3iin, CTMenaBiuas, hto repon nbecu — Teabrapa u ApMaH — HeyaaHHU h Hcica- waioT coBeTCKyw *H3Hb. ra3CTa He Aonycmna hhkbkoh caaGocm, hhk3khx aaGnyasaeiwfl b repoax nbecu, hhkbkhx pa3HornacHft Meway hhmh. Ona xo- rena 6u BHACTb Ha cueHe to-u ko HAeanbHux repoes, toamco cnamaBO npn- 6nH33KHyf0 JKH3Hb. noAoGKaa kphthkb Mor-ia u Buseatb HenpHMHeHHoe OTHOujeme k cneKTaoio n npHBecTH k chsthjo ero co cueau. Ho, k ciacrbio, yKaaamra ucHTpa.ibirofl neaaTH ywe BoopyjKHjm TBOpnecKHx paGoraHKos nporaB Tpe- GoBaHHfi GecKOH^AHKTHOCTH, noMorm Tearpy OTCToaTb cneKTawib. Tara k GeCKomjMHKTHOCTH, crpeMJieHHe k cr.MWHeaiimo TpyAHoereft 5KH3HH cKa38JiHCb TaK*e h b caeAyioweM cneKTawre AicaAeMiinecKoro TeaT­ pa apaMU Ha coBpeMeHHyfo reMy— «MeHHH MaxaGGaTUM*. noKa3aimoM 3pa- Tenio b HoaGpe 1953 roaa*8. no nepBOiia'iaabiioMy 3aMucjiy aBTop nbecu MyicaH HMaH»caHOB xo- reji noKa3a-rb cyabGy fleeyiiiKH, KOTOpaa, noAnas b Kaymoft paGore non BAHHHHe KapbepHCTOB, B CeMCfUIOft XH3HH — nOA BAHHHHe MeilMHCKOft cpe- Au, H3MeHaeT oGwecTBeHHOMy AOJiry h cKaTueaeTca b Gojioto oGuBarenb- iuhhu. floA 3araaancM «Moa nioGoBb* cKpunaAacb TeMa KpyineHHH oahoR ak>6bh H3-3a noGeAU ahhhux HHTepecoB «aA oGmecTBeHHUMH. ilefleTBHe nbecu pa3urpUBaeTC» b ochobhom b cpeae HayHHUX paGoT- 6hhkob HHCTHTyra 3KciiepHiieHTaAbiiofl Ghoaothh AKaAeMHH Hayn Ka3ax- craHa. Mo-ioaue HayiHUe pa oTHHKH AxaH h KaMaui jiioGht Apyr Apyra. H hito, KawercH, He MoweT noMemaTb hx cnacTAHBOMy Gpaxy. Ho Bnpyr b 295

hx OTHOiuemiM odHapysom aerca Tpenpraa, BHaiaJie He3Ha9HTeAbnaa, — cnop no y3Ko npaxnraecxoiiy Bonpocy, — iiywiio a n pa3Boann. b Ko/ixo3at Ka3axcTana Hoayio nopoay OBen-apxapouepHHocOB... nocreneHno 3ia ape- m iraa npeBpaiuac-rca b nenpoxoAHmvfo nponacib. AxaH ro p m o HHTepecyerca xo3stficTBeHHUM pa3BHTaeM pe cuytaxa,. CTpGMHTca cojeScTBOoaTb ee npoitBeiam io, nanpaBHB Hayxy iia noMouib *HBOTHOBoacTBy. O h TmaTeabHo H3yiHJi onbiT pa3BejeHiin apxapouepHBo- cob b KOJixo3ax Ka3axcxaHa, ySeamica b npexpacHux xanecniax hoboS no- poAU, c raji ropaiHM ctopohhhkom ce pa3BeAeimx. TaKoS npHHUHmiaabHociH Her b noaeacHim K auam . OHa pa6oTaei mu SHCcepTauHei 06 apxapoMepnHocax, no b oneHKe hx pyKOBoacreyeica ne mrrepecaMH WHBOTHOBOflCTBa, a crpeMJiemieM yro a m b caoeuy iiaymoMy pyxoBOAHTenio Toxedaesy h aKpewopy HHCTHTyra EAHAOBy, w o d u ode.- 6neniiTb cede hx noaaepwKy npH 3amHTe AHCcepTaunn. Meacay tcm Toxe aeB h Eahaob — n/ioxHe aBTopuTeru b Bayne a b 6JKHBOTHOBOJCTBe. CaMH OHH— pyTHHepbl H KapbepHCTH, HA)T npOTHB BCe- ro HOBoro, onacaacb, nan u naracK cbmkhx HAeft He conianhx c Hacajxes- IIUX Mecr B HHCTHTyre. B aanbnefiineM pa3BiiniH nbecu Kaxiain noanaaaer noA bahaiim cbo- 6 6eft cxapmefl cecrpu Biixe c ee oTcraAUMH MemaHcxHMH HacTpoeirasiiH. Baxe noompaeT yxaxoiBaime Toxe aeBa 3a KaMani, yroBapHBaer ee noe- xaTb BMecie c ToKe aeBbiM Ha xypopT. rpycoao npomaerca Axan co cnoeS- HeBeCTO#, C03HaB3H, HTO 9TO KOHeiX HX JIIO<>BH. B nOUiejHBfi MOMeHT na- cneiie nosBAHercx nepBaa *eua ToxedaeBa h paccrpaHBaer noe3jny... TaxoB dun TpaniKOMHiecKiift iJmHan nbecu b nepBoa Bapnanre. B raKofi peflaKUHn nbeca «Memra waxaSdaraM * duna npejcTaB^ena a 1952 ro a y Ha KOHxypc CoBeTa A taw cipoB , m h n o nyrona Tperbio npeMHio. Xoporno d u n a npHHsra nbeca b 3to4 penaxmiH h xonnexTHBOM Teaipa. Ho- PVkoboactbo npeAnoiAO H3de*aTb cahuixom ocTporo KOHijjnHXTa. iro d u b- naece He d u n a «onopoieHa» coeercxaH Mojio/rexcb: pa3Be mowst cnywrb- c a, w o C03HaTejibHaa AeBymxa-xa3auixa c buciuhm o6pa30BamieM noAna- Aaer noA BAHarae MemaHcxoft cpeAU, HJKAHBemecxHx HacTpoeHHfl! KpHTOxa nodyAHAa aBiopa CMHiwb xoh$akkt, crAaAHib ocTpoiy ca- rapbi, raaBHbiM odpa30M 3a cwr nepecMOTpa odpa3a Kauanr. B hobom BapHame nbecu odpas KaMaui— nonoxirrenbHuft. 3ro a®- dpocoBecTHbiS padoTHHx nayxH, ona TOAbxo Bpeuemio c&uaa c nyra, ao- BepHBuincb CBOeMy HayaHOMy pyxoBOAHieAio ToxedaeBy. OHa npOTHBHica bahbhhk)Baxe h ociaeTca Bepna AxaHy. IloAodHaa TpaxTOBxa crnaAnna iiaeftflyio ocrpoiy nbecu. KpoMe Toro,. npeAnpHHaB nepenAaHHpoaxy odpa3a Kawain, aBTop npOBen ee HeAOCTa* txjhho nocACAOBarenbHO. B paAeMeet noBeAeH*e Kauarn doAeecoorBercrBy- er npexcHeJ oopBuaaeAbHofi ee xapaxrepHcriixe. Odpa3 oxa3aAca nporuBO- peaHBUM. 296

He BnojiHe yAaaca aBTopy h o6pa3 AxaHa. AxaH HeaocTaToiHO BBH3an B p33BHTHe AeftCTBHH, HeflOCTaTOMHO 3KTHBHO yiaCTByer B pa3BCpTblBBHHH KOB0JIBKT8. Ctbbhjib cneKTaion. CaAHMa EcTeMecoBa, HeaaBHo oKomHBinaa pe- stHccepcKHfl (paKyjibTeT THTHC h He HMCBuiaa eme cepbe3Horo onuTa no- cTaHOBOiHofi pafioThi. Eft TpyAHo 6huio b npouecce peneTHUHOHHoS pa6ora yTOHHHTb H OTUUHCpOBaTb 06pa3bl, HeAOCTaTOTKO HCIlbie no aBTOpCKOMV TeKCTy. He momh npeoaoneTb HeflocTaraoB nbecu h HCnoAiurreAH raaBiiwx 6poaeft: Bhkch Pimosa (KaMatu) h Ka.ibix CayphiKOB (AxaH). B hx Hrpe fiu.ui yaamine MecTa, ho MHoro hao h neAojepxteK. B Hrpe CaypbiKOBa-AxaHa noAyHHAHCb yaaiHu TOJibKO Te cueim, b f.o- Topbix pacupbraaerca ero HHTepec k apxapoMepHHocaM. flaa oOphcobkii flpyrnx cropoH ero WH3HH h AeaTeAbHocra m>eca ue nana Maiepnaaa. Xopoiuo npoBOAHT CaypbiKoB cueny nepsoro 03HaKosuieHHH c AHccep- TauHefl KaMaiu. Cawa KaMam noieny-To innero ne cxasaaa Axany o cbo- hx B3MHflax Ha apxapoMepHHOCOB, wo, KOHeHHO, He BHXceTca c noAown- TeabHoft TpaKTOBKoS 3Toro o6pa3a. ToAbito hs pa3roBopa c noapyroS Ka- Maui AxaH y3Haer, n o AHCcepraiwa HanpaBJieHa ripoiHB apxapoMepHHOCOB. Xopoiuo nepeaaeT CaypuKOB my.MAemte AxaHa: B3hb Teipaab c AHecepra- mieii b pyxii, oh HCfloyMemio noAxoAHr k ABepu, Kvaa ynma KaMaiu. tcax 6bi npoBOwaa ee b3nihaom, 3aTeM ycawHBaeTca c rerpaabKi 3a ctoa, HaiH- Haer 3K3AHO nepeaHCTfaiBaTb cipaHHUbi. ropauo h ySeaHTeabHo nposoAHT CaypuKOB h caeayiomyio cueuy b Ka- 6HHeTe flHpeKTOpa HHcnnyTa, ru e oficywAaerca AucceprauHa KaMaiu. yse- peHHO 3auw m aeT AxaH apxapoMepHHOCOB, chaht noATHHyTO, roroBUft oTpa- 3HTb nanaAeHHe h iiaSpocHTbca Ha npoTHBHHica. 3Aecb aicrep paatpuBaeT HanSonee npuBAeKareAMibie aepra b oOpa3e AxaHa: ero npHimnnHaabHocrb, CTpacniOCTb, 3aHHTepeCOB3HHOCTb b pafioTe. Ho b ocrajibiibix cuenax o6pa3 Axana ofieAHeH, ero BHyrpeHHHfl Mup 06- PHC0B3H OAH060KO, TOTH0 OH HHTepeCyeTCH TOAbKO nOpOABMH OBeU H HH'ieM SoAhiue. flawe npHAa b aom ciioeft HeBecTbi, c Koropoft oh ne BHAeaca Ao.iroe Bpe«a, AxaH He hbxoaht hoboh TeMU w a pa3roB0pOB. riycraa BeTpenHua BHKe, cecrpa KaMaui, Biianie ofiocuoBaHHO H3AeBaeTca HaA AxanoM: «He- yjKMH BaM He 0 HCM TOBOpHTb, K3K TOAbKO 0 6apaHaX?» HeySeAHTeAbHO OTBeaaeT AxaH: «Mowho Haft™ mhoto tbm aah pa3roBopoB, ho rAe we BpeMa Ha 3to?» BonpeKH ochobhoS noAowm-eAbHofi oueHxe. AxaH Roxa3aH orpa- HHieHHbiM, cyxHM, 6e3 uiHpOKoro Kpyro3opa, CBOftcTBeHHoro nepeAOBOMy co- BercKOMy qeAOBeKy. B AaAbHeftmeM pa3BHTHH AeficraHa AxaH HeaKTHBeH, coCuthh paaBH- 6 6BaioTca 6e3 ero yiacraa h bahhhhh.Oh He BcrynaeT b opb y c Eahaobnm 6h ToKe aeBHM, xoth hcho bhaht apes, KOTOpufl ohh npHHOcar pafioro hh- craTyra. Pa3o6Aa«eHHe xapbepHCTOB h pyTiwepoB b HHCiHTyre npoxoAHT 63 6 6e ero yiacraa. Tax we He BeAer oh fiHKaxoft opb u 3a nepeBOcmrraHiie 297-

KaMaui. KaMaui cavia npHXOAHT k pemcHwo noexan. b koaxo3 h 6(b no- moiuh Axana yfiewAaerca b ue.iecoo6pa3HocrH pa3BeAemm apxapoMepairo- B p a6oTe Ha obuthoh ipepMe Axan noxa3an luniocTparHSHO, 6e3 jpi- MamecKHx momciitob b rn-pe. A Aaubine e ro oSpaa Aawe CHHwaercH. Oh n o ita ja e r b HenpHirrayio HcropHW no OHHe pafiouero ipepMU Caxaaa, oraaB- uiero naeMeHHoro fiap a ra b MaaoMOuiHUH Konxo3 «Kypec>, r j * Her ycao- BHH AM pa3DCACHHB HOBOfi UOpOAbl. B 3T0M K0AX03e rilfiHCT M0A0AHHK, l Buna b tom naAaeT Ha Axana. Eahaob ii Toxe6aeB noiMyiOTCfl stem npo- HcmecrBHeM, hto6h oKoimaie-ibHO AHCKpeAHTHpOBaTb AxaHa, o6bhhhiotero it CecneiHocTH h Aaxe bo BpeAHTenbCTBe. Ho caM AxaH nano noxBAgercs Ha cueHe ii CJiafio 3aiuHmaercH or ofiBHiieuHH. Taxwe He BHecna nocraHOBKa AocraTomiyio HCHOCTb h b o6pa3 KaKiam. BnepBbie KaMaui cauuiht KpHTHuecxHii OT3UB AxaHa Ha ee AHCcepraiuio Ha eoBemaHHH b KaSimere EAHJiosa. dry kphthkv oHa BocnpHHHMaer He no-ACJiOBOMy, a uax aiiiHOe ocKop6Aeime. OHa chaht, Mpawo no- TyriHBUiHCb, yHbiao noBeCHB roAosy, coBceM He 3aiuumaeTCH ot nanajoK Axana. B Heft HapacraeT He cipeMAeHHe ycTaHOBHTb hcthhv, a ofwja Ha AxaHa, Koropbiii cran eft nonepex nym b 3auiHTC AHCCcpTaura. riocxe aa- ccAaiiHH OHa fiacrpuMH uiaraMH hoaxoaht k AxaHy, 3Jio6iio fipocaereinyb -’ihuo: «PaxMer!> (Cnacnfio!) h, pe3xo noBepHVBimicb, B3AepHys Mean, He we.'ias MH'iero CAuuiarb, bhxoaht H3 xafimiera. Hvwiioh npHHUHnHajibHOCTH ne ayBCTByercH b KaMaui h b cjiaayiomei! cueue. Korfla oHa npHXOAHT aomoh nocne He6aaronpnsrrHoro pan «ee 06- cvtkachhii pyxonHCH. KaMaui bxoaht b KOMHary b yraeieHHOM coctohhhh, neOpewHO fipocaer TeTpaAb Ha ctoa c TaxHM bhaom, fiyAro Bee norepfflo. B t3kom HacipocHHH 3acraeT KaMaui ee Hayqnuft pyxoBOAHTenb Toiceoara, rojxe B3BaanoiiaHHbifl kphthkoh pafioru. TouefiaeB By.ibrapno noAMHimaet KaMaui, yfiejKAaer ee, He canrancb c AxaHOM, oicTaniian, cboh b3tjihah, XHTpo npeAnaraeT nocJiarb pyxomicb na ot3hb caoewy Apyry b Mocxsy. OfipaAOBaHHO BapeaaeT KaMaui Taxoe HeS.raroBHAHoe npeAJioaceHHe, b m - AewAe, aro AuccepTauHiomojkhoeme cnacTH. y HeeHe nouBMerca wexafflia Ha npaKTHKe npooepiirb cboio pafiory, nepecMOTpen> ee c yaeroM BUC«a3M- BaHHfl AxaHa. Taxoe nOBeAeHHe KaMaui fionee cooTBeTCTByer nepBOHaaaab- nofl oipimaTeabHoii TpaKTOBKe snoro ofipa3a, Rax KapbepHcreH, MeaTarameit npH coAeftcTBHHToKefiaeea nocKopee ncuiyaiiib yaeHyio cieneHb. npouianae KaMaui c AxanoM, xo-ropufi noJiymn Ha3HaaeuRe saBCAO- Batb onbiTHoS (pepMoS b npHropoAHOM Konxo3e, oxpauieHo b H3AnuiHerex- Hue TOHa. Axa» bxoaht cepbe3HU0, Mpaaauft. TaxoS we noHypufl bha h y KaMaui, cHAnmeft 3a ctojiom. B ronoce ee cauiuhh cne3U. Ohh ofiiieHH- BaiOTCH AOATHM B3TAHAOM, K3K fibl CiapaHCb HOHHTb Apyr APFa- AxaH yfie»AaeT KaMaui nepeAenan> AHccepTauuio, ho ra Mtuiaa oTBopaaHsaerca, VTHnyBiuHCb hocom b cxaiepTb. AxaH rpycnio npoiuaeTCH. yxOA ero conpo- •298

BOJKaaerca JiiipmecKOH My3hixofi. Toxbxo roraa KaMaiu bhxoaht H3 oue- neHe»HH, 6pocaeTcn eMy BAoroHxy, ho ywe no3AHO. BcxAHnnyB, B3A0XHyB, cua yHhuo caAHrca h, npHAOWHB pyity ko Ji6y, noHuxaer Ha ctoa. CoBopuiemo He nona3HBaeT cneicraob, noqeify HaqmraeTca bo b3tah- nax KaMaiu nepeaoM, kbkhm nyieM OHa npnxoAUT x npaBiuwioMy peiue- iiHR3 Buexaib b Kojixo3bi h Ha MecTax npOBepHTb MarepaaJibi o hoboA no- pofle obch. 3pHreAb Bcrpeqaerca c KaMaui ywe nocAe ee B03BpameHHH «3 noe3ARH. Tenepb oaa noHaaa ouiHfioiHocTb cbocA AHCcepTaium, yfieAHAacb b npaBOTe Axana. OHa oxnanejia k ToxefiaeBy, cmotpht Ha Hero HeflOBep- hhbo, HHoryta Aawe npe3pHreAbH0. Ho peuurreAbHoro pa3pu8a hct h 3Aecb. xoth HenpuraHAHOCTb TpxeSaeBa-xapbepHCTa ywe aocTaioiHO HCHa. CaMa Kaxiam eme He qyBCTByer cefia BceueAo cropoHHHuefl B3rjianoB AxaHa, nax bhaho H3 ee penAHKH: «Kax itaoxo CbiTb MewAy apyx orecfi*. Abtop He otboaht K aM aui anrnBiioft pcuiH b 3auiHTe AxaHa o r Hecnpa- BeAAHBoro oCbhhchhh h Aajibiue, b pa3o6.iaqeHHH MaxHHauHH EAHAOBa h T o x eS aeoa. H a 3aceAaHHH, rA e pa36npaercn o6BHHeHHe nponiB A xana, Ka- Maui Bbiciynaer b caMOM xoHue, 33311.103, n o s r o He oh nepeaaa luieMCH- Horo fia p a n a b koaxo3 «K ypec». nponiB EflHAOBa h Toxe6aeBa oHa boo6- me He BbiCTvnaer. CnemiaAbHO aa» hx pa3o6aaaeniia aBroponi BBeAeHO b n becy e m e oaho AeScTnyiom ee ahuo—pyccxHfi yqeHbiB .flaBMAeaxo, cjiHry- p a coBepuieHHO cxeM arH iH aa. rinoxo, lieyfieAHTeAbiio ofipHcoBamj b cuexraxA e AHiHue iwaHMooTHO- uieHHB A xaH a h KaM aiu. B nepBofi KapTHiie PHMOBa-KaMaui noAiepKHBaeT cboio ax>6oBb k Axa- Hy: OHa eiineT, c.iuma no -rejiecpoHy H3BectHe o ero np«e3Ae, paAOcrao 6po- caetca eMy Hamrrpeqy. Ho caMaa BCTpeia nocyre Ao.irofi pa3AyxH npoxoAHT cyxo, xoaoaho. AxaH, eABa no3AopoBaBiuHCb c KaMaiu, Tyr we BBfrauBaeTCR n AAHTeAbHyio nepenaAKy c Buxe, He ofipauiaa BHHMaHHa na KaMaui, croa myio 3a ero cnuHofi, hh pa3y Ha Kee He or.iaAMBaacb. BoAeBKAbHbiMH np«- eMaMH pa3peuieHa AiofioBHaa cueHa AxaHa h KaMaui, ocTaBnuixca HaeAHHe: ohh cofinpaioTca rioueaoBaTbca, ho ABawAia hm Memaior ro noApyra Ka­ Maui, to crapymxa, xax pa3 b stot MOMeHr noaejiaiomaaca b ABepax. CaowHue ApaManmecKHe B3a«MooTHouieHHH AxaHa h KaMaui, Hexo- iTaTOMHO acHbie no m>ece, He yromteHU b cnexTaxjie. Mbm mothbhpob3h pe3- xh0 p a3 p u B Mewuy hkmh, noqeMy ohh He Moryr olrbscHHTbca npoAQAWK- TeAbHoe BpeMH, Ha 3to cneKraxAb He A aer otbot. Be3 ncuxoAornaecKoii mothbhpobxh noxa3auo npuMupenae KaMaui c AxaHOM b xoHiie cneKTaxAB. BMecro cepbeanoro ofoacHemm AxaH h Ka­ Maui MeAAeHHO, noA My3bixy npH6AHjxaiOTca Apyr k Apyry, npoTarHBaioT pyxn, ofiHHMaiOTca. '&ra KOHUOBxa yxecna b KaxoA-iwdyAb AnpHqecxofi cxa3xe, ho He b cepbe3H0M cnexTaxAe coBpeMeHHOfi coBeTcxofi reMaraxH. yfieAHTeAbHefi o6pHCOBaHbi b cnexTaxAe orpHuaTe-ibHue nepcoHawH: cecrpa KaMaui —Bnxe, xapbepacru —Eahaob 11 ToxefiaeB.