Львов Н.И. Казахский академический театр драмы

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rnana 2 nEPBHE ro,TLI PAIiOTM 1! A.1MA-.VTK (1928—1932) ... „„„ ro». eroJiHiia M o o n * » » • iiu b Ama-Atv roDon, liocmmiii Ha3BaHiie wren s6jiok», c npc P yMepcHHUM WTHMaTOM, COCKJBO'iiibiMH no KpacoTC ii naoAoponiiw o P - « ™ « . C fiUCTpoS roBOpJTBDDfl rop.oi THBmefl cboh BOOT no orpoMHUM BaJiyiiaM. A.iMa-ATa imwa BHaMHren nymme nepcneicniBU xoanfiCTBeiiHoro ii xyibrypnoro pocw, mc. ■ P ■ naunaa KaiM-Opaa. TypuciiG, crpomeJibcrBO Kotoporo Gbuo 3*Kome«o 1 was 1930 roaa, noaBcaen k Aima-Ate necnojibito paiibiue. On cBB3a.i ho bvk> cromny pecnytoKH c ocraabHUMB ueHrpaMH Cobctckoto Coroa. Ka3axcKH& rocyaapcrBCHHUH reaip 6h.i ncpeaeaeH b AaMa-ATV non- T11i0i1u1anOroMaApKallm. iue, momcro.iHua,—jictom 1928roaa, nocae .tcthcB racTpoflb- B npcauiecTByiomHe roan Aroa-ATa hc HMeaa npoipeccuoHaabHoro Ka3axcKoro Tearpa, no liawiOHanbHaa caMoneaTeabsocTb n ropoac 6uaa pa3Biita aoBOJibiio imipoKO. UpaMatHBCCKBe KpyxKH — Ka3axcKiie ii ta- Tapcraie — cyweCTBOBaan b iiecxoabKiix yaeSRbix saBcaeiiHHX. HHmuiaTopoM cosaamta apaMa-rmecKoro npyxcna b mccthom neaaro- thbcckom TexmiKyue 6tui yqiioium'ica b He« KaHa6en BaiiceHTOB, Bnocaea- ctbhh HapoaHbiii apTHCT pecny6jiHKii, awep h pcKHCCep onepnoro TeaTpa. yB.TCTCHHbifi nbecoS M. Ay93ona sEhjihk—Kefieio, BaRceinoB 3aaywan nocTaBHTb ec y ce6s b TeximnyMC. Ero He ocTaKOBHaa MaaoiiiMCHHOCTb CTyaeHTOB, iKe-namuiix npinwrb yiacrae b cneKTatute: hx 6h.to BCero n«Tb M54eaoBCK, ohh h pacnpeaamiM Meway coGoii see po.-m srofi nsTuaKTHOii

ApaMU. Mto6u He 3aAepx<HBaTbCH c nepeoAeBaHHeM, KawANH HcnojiHmejib 3apaHee Baaen Ha ce6a cronbKo xaAaroB. cKOAbxo nrpa.i pojtefl, h, roro- BHCb K BbIXOAy B HOBOH pOAH, GuCTpO cGpaCUBaA OAHH H3 XaASTOB. IlapH- KH, yCH H GopOflbl 6HAH Bbipe3aHH H3 KO3AHH0A IUKyphl. CnCKTaOb HMCJ1 ycnex h npHBACK b Kpyxox hobux yqacTHHKOB, c kotopumh nbeca 6biaa noBTOpeHa b pacniHpeHHOM bhaw B Bex300TexHHKyMe 3HMoA 1926 roaa paGoraAo naa xpywxa: xa3ax- CKHfi h TaTapcKHH. B tom h ApyroM ACBTeAbHoe ysacrHe npmiHMaa Ka- naH BaAupoB, npnexaBinnit b AAMa-ATy yiHTbca nocxe yaoAbHeHHH H3 Teatpa b Mae 1926 toas. B Ka3axcK0M xpyxxe oh nocTaBH.i nbecy «3ap- ahk». npnieM caM hciiojihha 3arnaBHyio poAb. JleTOM 1927 roAa Aamb-AthhcxhA ropKOM KOMCOMOAa opranH30Baa 06- 'AeropoACKoii MMOAesiHHft KpyjKox, noAyAHBinHfl Ha3BaHHe «TpaM», t. e. «TeaTp paGoicA moaoachch». B Hero Guam npHBAeqeHu HaHGoaee AapoBH- Tble AloCHTeAH H3 pa3HUX IHKOA, B TOMIHCAe GyAyiUM apTHCTbl xaiaxcxo- ro HauHOHaAbHoro Tearpa: KanaH BaAHpoB, KyAHtu Beacosa (BaAceHTO- Ba), KaMa.i KapMucos, CeA$yAAa TeabrapaeB. y 0prami3aT0p0B «TpaMa» Gu.io weaaHHe npeBpaniTb ero b npocpec- CHonaabHufi TeaTp. Ho c nepeGpocxoA rocyaapcTBe«Horo TeaTpa b Ajiua- ATy 3Ta MbiCAb OTnaaa h «TpaM» npoAO-iwa.i cyuieCTBOBaHHe nan Xfly6- HblH KOAAeKTHB npO(J>COr03a COBTOprCAyKaiUHX. TeaTpaAbiian caMOAorreAbHocTb AAMa-ATbi npoGyAHAa y xa3axcKoro HaceAeHHA GyAymeA ctoahuh HHTepec k cneHe, noBhiciuia xyAowecTBeHHue 3anpOCbl MCCTHoii HHTeAAHreHAHH H T3KHM 06pa30M nOArOTOBHAa nOMBy jura npae3Aa npoipeccHOHaAbHoro TeaTpa. B Aamb-Atc pecnyGAHxaHCKHA TeaTp noAyqHA xopouiee noMemenne KAy6a «OpHOH», rAe ao peBOAiouBH 6two «xoMMepqecxoe eo6paHne». B neM TeaTp HrpaA c oceHH 1928 roAa ao Haqajia BeAHKoA OTeaecTBeHHofl FOfiHN. n o cpaBHemiK) c nepBbiMH ce30H3MH b K3biA-OpAe TeaTp b Kuna-Art 3HaBHT€AbH0 BbipOC H OXpen, paCIHHpHACH ero oGcAywHBaromiiA nepcoHaA, noHBHAHCb KocnoMepiiMfi g AexoparKBBbiA uexu, p'aGowe Ha cpene, 6h- Aerepu b 3pHTe.ibH0M 3aAe. CnexTaxAH npoxoAHAH Goaee 0praiiH30BaHH0:l. C nepee3AOM b AAMa-ATy pacurapHACa h cociaB Tpynnu. Eme no Aopore H3 K3biA-OpAH b AAMa-ATy, bo BpeMa racTpoaefl b MhmKerne, b cocTaB KOAAexTHBa 6ha3 npHBAeieHa MaAHxe UJaMoaa, ao sroro MHoro HrpaBiuaa b TaTapcrax TeaTpaAbHbix xpyxxax. ripaBAa, eft, TaTapxe, He cpa3y yAaAocb boAth b penepryap TeaTpa H3-3a HeyBepeHHo- -cth b cbohx 3HaHHsx Ka3axcKoro H3biKa. Ho AiofioBb k cueHe, cepbe3HOe OTHOineHHe k axTepcxoMy TpyAy noMorAH efi Bcxope npeoAOAeTb 3th Tpya- hocth. A cueHHqecKoe AapoBaHHe apracTXH h bhcoxhA aah wchuikhu Ka- 3axcraHa roro epeMeiiH oGiuhA liyAbrypHUfi ypoBeKb oGecneaHAH ycnex b paGore Ha cueHe.

uikoju.hoh xyfloweCTBeHHOft caMMear^bHOCTH B hx m a u : ObWH KaHaCek h KyjiHin BaBccHTOBU, Ulapa )KneHKyaoua, MaiiapGck Ep*anoB, K*3kci» Be^KaHa6eK BaficeHTOB, TOJibKO mto OKOHWBniHft Mccnibiii neaaroni'ie ckbh TexHHKyM, Bbiae.ra.ica b kojwiskthbg uihpokhm KpyroaopoM, Toop'ic cKofi iiHHiuiaTHBoS. He orpaiiHMHBaacb aKTepcKofi paGoToii, on CKOpo np> sbh.1 ceGa h nan pewwccep, h KaK apai-iaTypr, h KaK ncpcwwiHK c p\\c- CKoro Ha K33axcKHH. Ero iibecu — «Tap-rbic» («5opb6a»). «3aype», ?Ekh kh3» («Ubc fleayniKHs) — c ycnexoM npoiiMH na cuenc TcaTpa. Ky.iam EaftceH-roBa erne Ha caMoaeaTcabiioft cuenc npomman lie- saypaflHbie My3biKaabnue ciiocoShocth, aaBOeiia-ia cefie innomiocTb h -iki- fioBii ayjiHxopHH xopouiHM roaocoM. rtpiiaa iia cueny pecny6.niKanCKoro •reaTpa, o«a odHapywHJia h xopomee aKTepcKoe aapOBannc, rnaaiiTaHBO ctjrpa.aa paa poaeft b apaMaTHqecKHx cneKTawnix. noaoSHO eft h MaHapScK EpwaHOB HaiHHaa CBoft TBopuccKiift nyTb b xyaoHtecTBeHiioft caMoaeaieJibHOcra KaK neBeu, BHpa3iiTCJibtio ncnoaiiHB- iuhR napoaHue neciw, Ulapa npHiu.ua b Teaip co WKoJMoft CKaMWi. Ona aKiimno viacTDO- Baaa b xyaoxtecTBeHiiux Kpywuax uiKoabi, npmeM ocodemio ymicKa.iacb TanuaMH — BHaoM HCKycciBa, KOTOpuft b cpeae Ka3axcKoii MoaoaeKii 6tix Maao pacnpocrpaHeH. . KaHaGeK h Ky-ram BaftceH-roBbi, ManapCeK EpwanoB. Ulapa b aa.ib- HCHureu, np« opraHH3aunn Ka3axcKoro My3UKajibHoro Teatpa, uepemaii na cro cueHy 11 3aB0eBa.n1 cede nmpoKyio MBecriiocrb b pecnv6.nine n 3a ee nE3.CJlaMH KaK aP™CTH onepbi h 6ajiera. Ho Hauima.™ oiin cboR nvtb b I-'^ ,eCl H0Ha\"',bH0M HCKyCCTBe KaK apTHctbi apaMbi; Ha cuenc apawariiqe- 01,11 sant,«aaH b csoe Bpewa Beaymoe noaoweHHe, b apava- THiecKiix cneKTamrsx npexpacuo HcnojiKH.m pna poaefi. no ^pHUle,, B TCaTP TaK* e Ka3KeH BencoB. lopucr poaax. Bo Bcex cnexTaBjiav „r„0HbS H D ®PaMaTHiecKHx h b KoMeaHfiHux B6bpWeMHeHWH. w HaHrypbim h h3**HhMm' xmaPmaKSTSePHI bSie napjiaaBAmHhBo0fh«x HaCKKteppeHoHBe.TeoMroy nonojiHeHHe c \" ft caMoaeaieabHocTH - npoaoaiKajTocb „ > c n e a y n u S T w

BcmpaTH.'icH b Ko.ijieKTHB KanaH EaaupoB, bu6hbuihB H3 TeaTpa u Mae 1926 roaa. b momcht coKpaiueHKH ero cocrasa. JXo 3Toro oh He nopu- BSA CBH3H C TeaipaJIbHblM HCKyCCTBOM, XOTH 6bt CaMOaeHTeabHUM. J1k>6obh k cueHe no6yaHaa ero BCKope nocae nepee3fla pecnyfijiHKaHCKoro TeaTpa a Ajma-ATy nocTyriHTb b Hero cy^aepOM. OjiHano b tot nepnoa. 3HMoi'< 1928/29 ro aa, eMy Tax h He yaaaocb nepeiiTH H3 cyipaepcKofl 6yaKH iia cueHy. ripHimiocb eme pa3 npocroTbca c TeaTpoM h noerymiTb b ccabCKo- xo3aftcTBeHHbifl HHCTHTyT. OceHbio 1931 roaa Eaabipos roTOBiiacs ywe nu- exaTb b JleHHHrpaa aah npoaoAweHHH yieCbi, ho na stot pas cJtyqaii no- mot eMy ocymecTBHTb 3aBeTHt>ie Menra o cueHe. 3aHHMaTejiwio paccKaau- Baer 06 stom caM ap-racr. 3aiueji b TeaTp npocraTbCH c TOBapmuaMH nepea on>e3aoM b Jle­ HHHrpaa. B tot aeHb Ha cuene maa penerauHn nbecbi «MflTew», Koropaa 6biaa nocTaaneHa eme BecHoii h Tenepb B03o6HOBasaacb k otkphthio ce- 30Ha b uhh roaoniuHHhi Okth6ph. Pewnccep 6ha b 3aTpyajiHTcabiioM no- aoHceHHH: aKTep, HrpaBiuHfi BecHoB ponb FleTpoBa, He B03BpaTwicn nocae onrycKa, a 3aMeHiin> ero 6btao nexeM. Moh cTapbie TOBapmuH, 3Hanmiir MeHH no cneKTafOiHM b caMoaeHTeabHbix icpyaocax, penman, mto h cnpan- .iiocb c poabio IleTpoBa, h nocoBeroBaan pexcHecepy npuraacHTb Mens n;i ABa npa3aHH>mhix cneicraitaH. H coraacHaca, paccqHTbioaa nocae npa.ia HHKa HeMeaaeHHO BbiexaTb b JleHHHrpaa. Ulecroro nonfipst h Bbimea Ha cueny b crpauiHOM boahchhh, TaK kiik 'lyBCTBosaa, hto coBceM He noaroTOBaeH k cneKTaKaio. Bhah Moe BOAHemie. TOBapHiuH no cneKTaicaio cTapaancb MeHH ofioapHTb, oCeuiaan noacKaau- BaTb, BbipyqaTb. 51 He noMHio, mto aeaaa Ha cueHe. KoaeHH y MeHH TaK apowaHH, qro a lie mot ctohh> Ha Mecre, aoaaceK 6ha Bee BpeMH xoahtb KaxoBo we fiuao Moe yaHBaeiiHe, Koraa nocae cneicraKaH moh 3Ha- KOMbie fipOCHAHCb KO MHe C n03apaBaeHHHMH, XBaAHAH MeHH: «Tbl 3aMe- qaTcabHO curpaa, a HeKOTopux Mecrax TaK ropnio, HCKpeime*. Koraa nocae npa3aHHKOB h nomea b TeaTp, hto6u noayiHTb 3apnaa- Ty 3a cbirpaHHue cneKTaKaH, awpeKTop HeowHaaHHo Bbi3Baa MeHH k cefie b Ka6HHeT h npeaaowHA oCTaTbCH aicrepoM. 3 Stia noTpnceH, He_3Haa. hto oTBerHTb: onacaacH, a sapyr qepe3 roa MeHH onHTb nonpocHT ywrii H3 reaTpa h npHaercH HaqHHaTb yqeime cHaqaaa. OaHaKO aio6oBb k Hcxyc- CTBy nepecHawaa Bee coMHeHHH... 3 tot cneKTaxab «Mhtok» onpeaeana mom JKH3HeHHblfi IlyTb*. B oahh ce30H c EaaupoBbiM (1931/32 roaa) npHuwm b TeaTp moao- awe apTHCTu — Kawaa KapMbicoB (roa powa- 1912) h Ceiicpyaaa Teab- rapaeB (roa powa- 1910). 0 6 a ohh sa ia a n cboB cueHHHecKHfi nyTb e-- caMoaeHieabHHx Kpywxax AaMa-ATH, o6a Hrpaan b KOMcoMoabcKOM Tpa- Me, KOTopufi cymecTBOBaa 3aecb ao npH6uTHH rocynapcTBeHHoro TeaTpa. h BhtaeaHAHCb cbohm aKTepcKHM aapoBaHHeM. KoMCOMOAbCKHe opramoa-

.suih o3a6oqeHBue pa3DHTneM HaiwoHaabHoro HcxyccTBa, o6paTHJiH Ha hhx BHHMaiiHe h HanpaoH.iH Ha nyib npo$eccaoHaabHoro TeaTpa. Ceii<byaaa TwibrapaeB b 1931 rosy 6bia KOMaHjHpoBaii na xypcu peanccepoB TpaMOB npn UK BJ1KCM b MocKoe, a noc.ic OKOHiaHHa Kypcoe oropaBJieH b KaparaHay nan pyxoBoaHTcab BiiOBb opraimsoBaHHo- ro maxtepcKoro TpaMa. nocraBHB 3a 3HMy naTb-niecrb cnexTaxacH c pa- 6oie0 MoaoaoKbio, ho na.no yaowieTBopeHiiufl moB pa6oToft, Ccnipyaaa b HHBape 1932 roaa npnexaa b Aaua-Aiy, c6jih3iwch 3aecb c rocyaapcrBen- hum TeaipoM h peiima nocTynHTb b Hero axTepoM. B Tempo oh Biiaea B03- MoxtHocTb cepbe3Horo TBopiecKoro pa3BHTHH, aaJibHeiiuiero pocTa. KaMaa KapMhicoB, BucTynaa b tpaMOBCKHx cncxTaxaHX, ne npnaaBaa cepbe3Horo 3naqciraa cbohm cpeHmecKHM ycncxaM. On coHiiciiaaca, aacr aa eMy TeaTp B03M0JKH0CTb noncwiHHTb o6pa30BaHHe, noayqHTb Hacioa- mce pa3BHTue. He yaepeii 6ua KapMucoa h b cbohx axTepcxiix aapooaHH- ax. rlosTOMy nocae 3aKpuTHH TpaMa oh npeanoaea nopBaTb c TcaTpa.ibHhi- mh VBaeqeHnHMH h nocrynHTb b TaiuxeHTCKHfi ynHBepcHTeT. OaHaxo TeaTpaabHHx paSoranKOB b pecnyfiaHKe 6uao Maao, h pyxo- BoaamHe opraHH3aunit, aepwaBinne na yiCTe Bcex nposBHBUiiix axTepcxHe aapoBaHHa, ne coraacnnncb na ero yxoa H3 HCKyccTBa. H3 TaiuKeHTa Ka- Ma.n fibia BU3BaH b pacnopiijKeHHe xpaiixoMa KOMCOMOjra, kotopuH Hanpa- bh.i ero pewHccepoM b Phmcpckhh pa6o<mii TeaTp, a b 0KTn6pe 1931 ro­ aa nepeBca axTepoM b rocyaapcTBCHHUil TeaTp. «3to onpeaeanao mow cyabGy, — BcnoMHHaeT KapMucon. — Bonpoc, KoropuS a He Mor paapeuiHTb caM, k iioeMy yaoBoabCTBiiw pa3pew«aa pecnyoaHKa. OieoHaHO, y Mena HMeioTca axTepcxHe chocoOhocth, pa3 Me- thsHTfa\"xpahBmJ,aHl0HTTeBpeacKyTerecPn“»’. oieoHaHO, TeaTp — cepbe3Hoe aeao, pa3 nap- r, B TC * e roau H >KellCK,lS C0CTaB Tpynnu. B 1932 roay aKT6PCKMMH flaP°Ba- HaauaTH°aer °T BDeit0B0r0 re ^ a 6uT0Bbix ofiuqaeB. nat- orpaHHHHaacb 6u ee a a a b H e f i w a * CeMeft,,“ M KPyr0M ycaoBHax HoBoro 6ura ««»■>» ^ * 1 ! ^ . ° ycj,0?H'IX- COBeTCKOro a a CTaaa noremarK „ “ oaaulacb “ cyab6a.‘'3 ara'6 iu io >25™ rp„aaM. .O!T^ea. ^Oa°HcOeBmpaenM>eHmHKooOjyv. ncvemaa^ aa n\" aappTrVy cC m t m m fleTbMH- ° e f z s j s t S 'r i 5 £ nowe“ — -CMepra My*a b ^•'Pc“ He ocooeHHo ysaexaH Kypcu pyxoBoaHTeab- aa-ro orpoMHoe Bne-

•MTJieHHe npoH3Bejin cneKTamiH HanaoHaAbaoro Teaipa, c kotopum ona DcrpeTHJiacb BnepBbie. Heacao npeAcraBAaa ce6e npapoAy aKTcpcKoii ur- pu, nonaraa, n o BaaaeHHe aoMfipoft a rapMOHbio — AOCTa-roiHaa nojiru- TOBKa jvih cueHbi, oaa noAaaa 3aaBaeHHe a Otwa npaaaTa b TcaTp. Caopo BHacaaaocb, hto y Hee aeflcTBHTenbHo aenaoxae aarepcKHe cnocoOiiocTir •oaa xoporno noAMeiaaa b (jury le p ra xapaKTepa 3HaK0Mux wenmiiH, yMC- m M6TKO a npaBAHBO nepeaarb ax aa cueHe, ocotSeHao ranu weaiUMii CTaporo ayaa, KOTopbix oaa 3Haaa c Aercrea. Ca6apa MafixaaoBa (roA powa. 1914) npanuia b TeaTp co uiKOAbxoft caaMbH. 3xa Beceaaa, XH3HepaAOCTHaa AeByrnaa c xopouiHM cueimiccKHM TeunepaMearoM cxopo BUABHHVAacb aa BCAymae poAH moaoamx rcpoiiHb. Taa nocTeneHBO TeaTp aaKaiMHBaji chah, aeoGxoAHMhie aab AOAbiieii- uiero TBopaecKoro pocTa. Toau nepBofi nsTHAeTKH 6uah aah CoBeTCKoro Conra nepaoaoM pe- iuammax ycnexoB conaaAHCTHiecKoro CTpoaTejibCTBa bo BCex oTpacnsxxo- aaflcTBa a Ky.ibTypu. 3a sth toah Ctuia pa3peuieaa TpyAHefttuaa 3aAaia— TiepeBOA MHAAHOHOB MeAKOCOfiCTBeHHHHeCKHX KpeCTbBHCKHX xo3bBctb aa nyTb KOAXO30B, Ha nyTb couaaAH3Ma. Ha XVII Cbe3Ae napTaa, cocroaBineMca b aaaape 1934 roAa, Cbiao cTMeieHO, hto 3a npeAUAyuiae toah CoBeTCKaS C0103 b nopne npeofipa- 3HAca: a3 CTpaabi arpapnoft oh CTaji crpanofi HHAycTpHaJibHO-arpapitofi, K3 CTpaHH MMKOTO eAHHOAHHHOro CCAbCKOTOX03afiCTBa OHCT3A CTpaHOii xpyn- aoro KOJineicrHBHOro Mexaaa3HpoBaaHoro cejibcaoro xo3H0CTBa. Tskhm ofi- pa30M 6« ah C03AaHai ycAOBHH aah HenpepbiBHOro yAyanieHaa MaTepaaAb- aoro a KyAbTypHoro noAoweana rpyAaiunxca, ana ocywecTBAeaiia noA- AHHHOfl KyAbTypHOB peBOAlOUHK. B Ka3axcrraHe sth roAbi 03HaMeHOBaAHCb nepexoAOM ot KoaeBoro 6u- T3, ot CHAbaux eme b crpaHe nepe*HTKOB naTpaapxaAbHO-(J)eoAaAbHoro •erpoa k cnAomaoft KonneKmemmom ceAbcxoro xo3aficTBa. rpaHAH03aaa pagora no couaaAHCTHHOCKOMy nepeycTpofierey ctpaabi npoxoAHAa b ofiCTaaoBKe OAcecToaeimoH 6opb6bi c ocrancaMH pa36aTbix pe- BOAionaefi miaccoB. C6irroe co cbohx no3HUH0 fiaScTBO OAHaao He CAaBaAocb 6e3 6opb6u: oho pa3BBBaAo CemeHoe conpoTHBAeHae, McnoAb3ys Bee cpeACTBa, BnAOTb AO npeerynneaHH. IIoMowb eMy 0Ka3U3aAH 3aMacKnpoBaHnue Bpara, ch- AeBnJHe TorAa b HeKOTopux 3BeHbax coBercKoro annapaia. Pa3waraa He- AOBOAbCTBo cpeAH jKHTeAefl ayAa, ohh HaAeaAHCb noAHaxb ax npoTHBco- ®ercKoa BAacra a copBaTb KOAxo3Hoe ABHXteHBe, Koropoe niapoKo pa3- BepTUBaAOCb. Una nofieAOHOCHoro 3aBepmeHH3 Copbfibi c ocTaTKaMa <j)eoA3Aii3Ma a

KannTMK3Ma b cTpaae TpefoBaaocb Hanpawemte Bcex caa cosercKoro Ha- P°I Ha 3tom HCTOpHieCKOMsiane, ocodeimo b roflu nepBofi nflTHaeTKH, hc- kvcctbo He Morao ocraBaTbCa b cropoHe ot oduiHX 3aaaH, ctohbuihx nepe* croaHofi. Pa6oTHHKH HcxyccTB — nHcaiejiH, xyaowHHKii, apraeiu - rnn- de*Ho aoaiKHbi duaH noaiHiwn. cboc TBOnaecTBO 3aaaiaM comiaaHcnwe- CROTO ctpoHTMbCTBa, odpaTHTbCH k 3aoCoaHemiHM TeMQM HHaycrpHaaK- 33uhhcrpaiiu, KoaaeKTHBH3aiu(HceabCKoro xosHiicTBa. 3aaaiH cosercKoro Teaipa Ha stot mompiit Handoace ictko 6ua» on- peaeaeHbi b nocraHOBaeHHH CoBHapKOMa PCOCP «O0 yaymiCHiiH tear- paahHoro aeaa», onydaHKOsaiiHOM b oicrnGpe 1930 roaa. B iicm nucKa3H- saaocb peuiHTeabiioe TpedoBaHHe npK6aH3HTb apaMaTyprmo k 3anpocaM coanaaKCTHiecKoro CTpoHTeJibCTBa, a padoty reatpoB uanpamiTb Ha 06- caywHBaiiHe npoMumacaiiux uchtpob h odoOmeCTBAemioroccKTopa napoa- iioroxo3aiicTBa. UlnpoKoe pa3Bimie noayaBaH b tc roau xyaowecTBCimue nepeamoK- iibie arHTdpuraau, caMoaeaTeatHue h npo4ieccHOHaabiibie, b padote koto- pbix HCKyccrBo recHo CMbiKaaoct c arirrauHeH, a ariiTamiomio-nponaraK- aHcrcKHe 3aaaiH pa3peiuaaHCb cpeaciB.iHii HCKyccrea. Becb pcnepTyap arHTdpuraau CTponan Ha npoiUBoacTBeHHoii TeMaTOKe, nacre Bnaio'iaH b BuciynacHHa MecrauS 3aodoaHeBHUH MarepHaa, iienocpcacrnCHiio B03aefi- CTByiomHH Ha 3pHte.TH._OHH npOBOaHaH BHe3aU B K0AX03U, 05c.1V»HBaaH MaccoBue ceabCK0X03siicTBeHHue KaHiiaHHH b nepuoa BeceHHero ceBa, vdopKH ypowaa i u rn0noI,l„CaCHe BCeX C0BeTCKI,,t reaTpOB, CTaiWOHapHblX I! nepeiBIOKHHX, ™™™,K0CTh 3aHMa Deflyiuee noaoiKeHHe. repon couHaancTHMecKoro crpoHTeabcrea — nepeaoBoit padoaiiS 3aBoaa h aKTHBiicr Koax03a — CTa- au ocHORHUMH AeHCTByiomHMH amjaMii Ha cueHe sthx aeT. Cpa3v c v ^M ^ n o r™ lnaTHJIeTKH,K'a3axcK,,S Pecnyfi-raKaHCXHH TeaTp He S m i l S , 00,0 Pa6°Ty C00fiPa3»0 C TpcdOBaHHHMH COUH- erpaaaa pencpTya^ 1 “ TBa' 0H Ke 6wi K T0My noaroroa-TeH, ocodeHHO HBTOP^ exa3axcKoflK;,paMaTVP™H o«TaBaao OT TpedosaHH# * hskh: te Ke reMU S ' S ! HB\" “ AjlMa'ATe apaMaTyp™ nepenesaxH Bee KOTopue darn buabhhviu nenmjUuBOr° 6bna’ PacKPei|oweKKH WeHWHHU, aeKTHBHsapHH S i ? ™ , mauH c08eTCKof* Baacrn. B roau xoa- ny KaaccoBaa 6opbda B a v ie n S * 3™ Ka3ajlHcb ycrapeauMH, nocxoab- ~SJ.Z'\"*’ ° £i£EZ?E£ w““** SS3 i,O T * i ^ piC“ 33 PacKpenometme *eHWHHtf ~ - te -Z S Z S Z S Z i 5 =

Ha. Abtoph ee — KaiiaOex BaftccinoB h Am raii IllaHHU 6ujih He nHcaieaii- MH-npo(j)eccHOiiaJiaMii, a paSorHHKaMH TeaTpa. 3 a ApaMaryprmo ohh B3H- .iHCb H3 jKejiaHHH noMOHb TeaTpy b (popMHpoBaHHH penepryapa. OaHnKo. pe hmeh apaMaTyprii'iecKoro onura, oira ne 3iia.in. nan B3HTbca 3a paOory. IloMoraa cayiaftHocTb: b khho b tom roay maa KaKaa-TO KapTHna Tockhh- npoMa rpy3HH, b KOTopofl H3o6paxaaacb * h3hb, HecKoabno HanoMHHSB- maa aorciib Ka3axcTana. BaficeaTOB h IIIaHHH 3aHMCTB0Baim orryaa cm- jkct, BiwoTb ao HMeH aeiicTByioinHx anu. OaHaao coBhthh nbecu ohh npn- 6aH3na« k ycaoBKHM Ka3axcKoii *H3HH h CBH33J1H ero c oficTonreabCTsaMH napoaHoro BoccraHHa 1916 roaa b Ka3axcTaHe; 3to cpa3y npnaaao ocTpo- tv Bbece. noBhicaao HHTepec k Heft 3pHTeaa, nocxoabxy BocnoMHHaiiHa 0 1916 rose 6uaa eme cBeaai b naMara h BCWHOBaan uiHpoKHe Ka3axcKiic Maccu. BnpoaeM, caMoe BoccTaHHe b cnexTaxae noxa3aHo He 6biao. B HeM Hauiao 0Tpa*eHHe bshtomhhhcctbo, caMoynpaBCTBO Baacieft ripn Bbinoane- HHH VKa3a O M06HaH3aHHH. F1oco6hhkom npHcraBa, npnexaBniero Ha6HpaTb aioaeft, HBaaeTCH 60- a-ai TeMnp6eK, noaHOBaacTHO pacnopsDxaxHiiHficH b 3tom ceaeHHH. TeMnp6eK — no TpaKTOBKe HcnoaHirreasi sroft poaH KaHaOexa Baftccu- TOBa — He MeaKHfl ayabHufi Sail, a xpynHuft xhiuhhk, cBsuaHHuii c ropo- aOM H ero TOprOBHMH KpyraMH, XH'iamHftCH CBOHM yMOM H aOBKOCTbK). Oil woaofl, yBepeH b ce6e, 6eccepae'iCH. y Hero xpenxHe xorm, Rax y Moao.no- ro 6apca: hto b hhx nonaao — ne BupBeTca. Oa m TeMHp6eK b xpaCHByio, Soraryio aepxecxy c ra3upnMH. Ha roaoBe — 6apaiuxoBaa rnanKa. TeMHpCexy npnraaHyaacb 3aype, aoib OeaHaxa XaxHMa. BcecHabHuii 6o ra i TpeSyeT, ttoCm XaxHM OTaaa eMV 3aype b weHbi, yrpowaa b npo- thbhom cayqae noflBecro noa «peKBH3Hiuno» acex ero cuHOBeft. Ho 3aypc aio6HT Moaoaoro paSoaero CaHao a peuiirreabHO 0Txa3HBaeTca hath sa TeMHpSexa. XaKHM — crapHx thxhh, po6khh, HepaBHuft npoTHBRHK TeMiipGexa. Ho oh ropaao aioCHr aoab, weaaeT eft ciaerbfi h bccmh cnaaMH npoTeciy- 6t nporaB HacHaHH. /IpaMaraqecKVK) poab XaxHMa npoHHKHoaeHHO Hrpaa Ka3Ken EeHcoB, apxo nepeaaBaa crrpaaaHHa o6aa{eHHoro oraa. IlepBoft HcnoaHHTeabHHneft poan 3aype 6uaa Maauxe IUaMOBa, b aaabHeftmeM STy poab Hrpaaa Taxwe Kyaarn BaftceHrosa H Ulapa. IlIaMOBa npaaaBaaa 3aype reponiecxHe Repin, noaiepKHBaaa b Heft He 3afiHT0CTb, He cae3u h CTpaaaHaa, a CHay BoaH, crpacTHbift npoTecr npo- thb nacH.iHa. Bee csnyaunH nbecu eft 6uan xopoino 3iiaK0Mu no aiiwoMv •onuiy, no oxpywaiomeMy 6u iy ; xa3aaocb, ito HrpaTb HHiero He Haao, a Haao Toabxo BcnoMHHrb cyab(5y Ka3axcxax wemuHH. CaHao, B03aio6aeHHua 3aype, — He npocroft nacTyx, a ropoaexofi pa- SOHHH, npHHHMaBQlHft yjaCTHe B peBOaiOUHOHHOM aBHHCeHHH, 0C03H3BllIHft «eo6xoflHMOCTb 6opb6u c yrHeTaTeaaMH. KypMaHfiex JKaHaapGexoB npwaa- eaa o6pa3y Boabuiyio cnay, repoHiecxHe aepTbi. 61

TeMiip6eK «e cHHTaerca ci jiK>60BbK> 3aype a Aah AOCTHweHH* cbohjc ae/ieii npufieraeT k Hacunaio. CneHa noxHmeima 3aype GbUia oahoh H3 caMux BOAHyiomHx cue5. BBeeaHaaaa ha yfioraa xxhjwkhhh3 XXaKKHHMMaa aKaaa3aaajiaacbh eerne MpaiHee »i Beaep- .. u ocBeweHHH. 3aype HecnoKO0Ha, aya HcaoSpufl saMbicea. OHa npocar apyra Canao — Koxaxa ocraTbca HoaeBaTb y hhx b AOMe. Kowax nepBOHaaajibHo 3aayMan Ou.i aBTOpoM kok komhhcckhA OTpa- nareabHH0 o6pa3, Tpyc h 3aHKa. Ho HCnoAHHieAb s-roft poah — baioOaB yMyp3aK0B Ha xawflofi peneraiWH nyreM ocrpoyMHofl HMnpoBiraauim yx- pynuaa stot o6pa3, pacuiHpa.a tckct, npoca 3aTCM aBTopa — fiaaro oh ■ipHcyTCTBOBaa ty t we Kan yaacnraK cnexTaxAH — Ao6asHTb hobhc caoBa » ueaue sniKOAbt. Oahobpgmbhho apraCT npHAaBaa Kowaxy Bee 6oaee noaojKHrcabHbie aepra npeaaHHoro xpvra, xoTopuft npeoflo.icBaer Aawe TpycocTb, htoGh TOJibKo noMoab CBoeMy TOBapiiiuy b TpyAHufi momcht. OcTaBUiHCb oxpaHSTb 3aype, Kowax boahvctch eme Gaabme, aeM caMa ABByiuKa, ot cxpaxa 3aHKaeTca, noxyMbraaCT Aa*e cnadHCb SercreoM, Jlo- *acb cnaib, oh lOiaaeT nox roaoBy Tonop, ho Bee we e»iy lie cnHTca: no- mhhvtho oh BCKBKHRaeT, BhiPAaAUBaeT 8 okho, npoBepaeT aanopu. Cueiia 6tuia otjiopM-iena Tax, hto KpoMe xoMHaTH 3p«TeAio BiiAen Gun HABOD OKO.TOAOMa. 3AeCb 8 TCMHOT6 CeCHiyMHO nOHBJIHIOTCH BApyr KaKlie- To (jwrypu: sto noAKpaxuBaercH TeMHpGex c abvmh AWHruTaMH, htoSm noxHTHtb 3aype. Ohh opbinaioTCH b KOMHaTu, bhoch CMareHHe. Kowax ot cipaxa coBepinemo Tepaerca, He MoweT He TOJibKo cxBaTHTb cboS ronop, ho xawe BbiMOABHib cjiobo, mnbKo GecnoMomHo 3aHKaeTCH. TeMHpGex XBa- Taer era 3a yxo h npHrefiaer k 3eMAe, 3ateM, yxa3hiBaH Ha 3aype, Gpoca- er AWHnrraM xopoTKHH h pe3KHfi np«Ka3: «3a6paTb». CaM oh ropA h HaA- MeiieH, He BMeuiHBaercsi b GopbGy c omsumo conpoTHBAHiomeficH AeByui- KOH. UH C3AHTCH Ha AOfflaAb, KOTOpaH CTOHT 3a 3a6opOM: SpHTeAK) GhLIH BHAHU TOAOBa H Kpyn aoumah, CAeAaHiioH H3 AepeBa. Awnrara Gpocaior nonePeK cW i 4>ypxa c AouiaAbio ABHraeica, h tjt we hact Sa­ na * W * c yfioroS xhwhhoS XaKHMa pockouiho Gbiaa oibopMne- o6craHOBKtf Kyfla 3aTeM nepeGpacbieaAOCb AeficiBHe: Goraiast Ss™ „;cr.ra,r™ \" ■“ \"'“ i “f \"’ TearKoMp*Mea°K6ipwao30mMuH8bc3nTeAKhTaaKn‘Aa™ewpepi»lalAc‘KHpHbV-iB.paAcOSCb c ,e s ” 6p \" , S S . Aw-nota, ero ahho tjieoflaxa-

■JHHaeT coqyBCTBOBaTb efl h flame cofleiicTByeT 6ercTBy CaHflo, KOToporc CXB3TH.7H fl*HrHTU TeMHp6eK3. C Gojimuhm noffbeMOM npoBOflium HcnojiHHTe-iH cueHy BcrpetH TeMnp- 6etca c 3aype. Bnasaae TeMHpOeK oSpamaeTca k uefl jiacnoBo, xo>ict npii- Bfle<ib ee no/iapKaMH, oGemaHHHMH: orepuBaer cyHayK, npeaaaraer Gora- TUe cepbra h flpyrne ynpameraa. Ho 3aype pe3Ko npoTeciyeT npoTHB na- cmhh, oHa BepHa CaHflo. TeMHpGeK HecKOflbKo pa3 b nDOfloameHHe paj- roBopa noflxoflHT k nocraBuy h HaflHBaer ceGe BHHa, npKieM nocTenemio Bee 6ojibiue 3BepeeT. Pe3KHfi npoTecT 3aype OKOH>iare-,ibHo bubo,tut cro h.> ceGa. Oh Gpocaer fleByuiKy c AHBaHa Ha 3eMflio, Ta BupuB3eTea n. noa- KHBUiHCb Ha KoaeiiH, OTGpactiBaeT HacwibHHKa. B momcht pa3rapa ccopu b KOMHaTy BxoflHT OTeu 3aype XaKHM. BejjHKO rope oma npn BHfle aohc- pn, noBepmeHHoft Ha 3eM;iio h GpocaiomeScn k HeMy c npocbGoii o aaiunie. IlecMOTps Ha bck) KpoTOCTb, XaKHM BcrynaeTCH 3a aonb, CMeno oGflHiner caMoynpaBCTBO Gorata. Pa3bapemiufi TeMHpGeK y6«BaeT crapHKa khhw.i - flOM. B OTiaaHHH naflaeT 3aype Ha Teao oma, c iuiaaeM npHniTaer: bii- HOBHa b TBoefi CMepTH*, a 3aTeM raeBiio npowiHHaeT yGaSuy. TeMHp6cKy TaK h He yaaeTCH cflOMHTb ee ropaoro ynopcrea. B Hrpe 3aypc-UlaMOBoft b arofi cueHe KpacKH CHflbi H raeBa nepeKpuBaflH rope h Cfle3u. 3a ocKopGfleHHe TeMHpGeK oGpeKaeT 3aype Ha nyGaiiwoe nopyraime. Ee BUB03HT Ha cueHy Ha Hmaae, jihhom k xBoery, bo.iocw pacnyiuenu, jiHflo BbiMa3aHO cameii, wiaTbe b wioibux. Bonpyr nee tojuihtch npHxjic- GaieflH TeMHpGeKa, inyMHT, H3fleBai0TCH, Gmot b ra3u h KacrpioflH. CaHflo h Roman b 3acafle omtaaioT npHCaiiweiiHsi sroft npoueccHH. Caiiflo BMCTpejioM yGnBaer TeMHpGeKa. Romaic, Ha6paBHiHCb xpaGpocrH, Gpocae-rca Ha noMOiiu> flpyry. 3aype Tome He ocraeTca b cropoHe: OHa co- CKaKHBaer c iimaKa h npHHHMaeT yflacrae b cxBaTKe. CTopoHHHKH TeMHpGeKa pa36eraiOTCH Kan era a Bopoii. Haa rpynoM TeMHpGeKa CaHflo npoH3HoCHT ropsnyio penb, npowiH- HaeT Becb mip HacHJiHH h niera. BMecre c 3aype oh yxoflnr b ropofl, cra- iiOBHTCa nofl 3amHTy paGoiHX. CneKTawib «3aype» 6hui curpan TeMnepaMCHrao, aicrepbi crpacTHO CTflaflHCb cbohm o6pa3aM, TsopaecKH 3aropeflHCb. XoTa koctiomu Guam ’ K3BKa3CKHe (yCJIOBHO, KOHeiHO, HHK3K0S TOHHOCTH BHflepmailO He 6bUIO), oflHaKo aicrepH He erpeMHflHCb nepeflaTb xapaKTep mH3HH 3aKaBKa3ba, ohii arpajiH 6e3 bchkhx MyflpcTBOBaHHfi cboio HauHOHaflbHyio mH3Hb. cro-ib xopomo HM 3H3K0MyK>. CneKTawib 3axBaTH8a.i 3pHTefla ksk KapTHHa mH3HH npeapeBaiiouH- oiiHoro ay.ia b o6cTanoBKe TpeBomnoro 1916 rofla. BoflHOBa.ua 3pnre.ia h cyflbGa ocKopGaeHHoS h VHiimeHHofl fleByniKH, h pocT HapoflHoro irporecTa npoTHB yrHeTaT&iefi. B TeneuHe paaa Jier 9to Guji oahh H3 jhoGhmux cneK- TawieS b peneptyape, ho, KonenHO, oh He Mor 3aMeHHTb cneKTawm na con-

peueHHbie t6mu KOMeKTHBBsaoHH h HHAycipBiu.HBauHB, KOTopux rpe<5oBafl ^ T m b Tex ,OT .eOAHOKpBTHO OTVCHajia, BTC W P W c ncBUiHMHno TeMe nbccauH b penepiyape TeaTpa cobccm hct nbec o # c S t a B 3ene.tb, o H « n « H 0 pocie paOo-cro u n c a . o TCXIlHfeCKOU DeBOaiOUHII. ,, _ Hhiuh iweHyM Ka3KpaftK0«a BKn(6). coGpanuiHiicsi Bflcxa6pe 1929 aa, oOcyjHJi pa6oTy KaaaxcKoro Teaipa h npiniia.i, 'ito OHa lie otseqaer 3ajWMaMcoiwajiHcriiqccKoro crpoHTWihCTBa, ne oTpawaer TeManiKH rexy- mcro Mo.vieiiTa. riaenyM noTpcfioBa.i ot TeaTpa oGhoiuiciiiir pcncpTyapa, b lacTHocrH, nyTeM GoJiee TecHofi ciubh c micaTCJiHMii Ka3axcTanu-*. riocTaiioBacHiie xpaAxoua OKa3a.no cymecrBeHuoe baiihiiiic 11a paGoiy Teaipa. y * e c nepBoro Knapia-na 1930 ro.na Ha cueHe ero CTa.111 iiomwum.- ch iibccu. pHCOBaBimie coBpeMeBHyx) JKiiarn. CTpana;:. B 1930 roay. c HHaapa no iexaGpb, TeaTpoM 6tuio nocTaa-iciio Tpn nbccu HauHOHa.ibHoii apauaTvpniH H3 wh3hh coopeMemioro K.naxcxoro B hhx Teaip Bee 6an*e nonxoaH.n k TeMaTHKe ncpnoA n«TH,neTxn, ace ocipee 11 Hanpaxiemiee pHCOBaa kaoccobvio GopbGy b avjie. B hhx none- .najicii h nocreneHHO poc ochobhoArepoA nepBoA iwriuieTKii — GaTpax, npH- oGpcTaoHmft yjice qcpTH xo.nxo3Horo axniBHCTa. ncpBaa H3 3thx rn.ec, «KaHflti ianK» (iKpoBaisaa na,iKa») Tanpa )Ka- poKOBa, TojibKo noflBOfliwa spHTejiii k coBpeMeHHocTii, nocKoabKV AefiCTBHe b iieA dhuio pacTHnyTO 11a aJiHTCAbiibili cpox — cubiuie aecimi act: tia- HHHaaocb b ami OenpajibcKoft peiiomoami 11 Koima/iocb KoiidmcKaiwefi oaftcKHX 3eMeabM. Eaipaxii — ocoGchho b nepBbix xapTHHax nbecu — noK03aHu 3ACCb tiixhmh, 6e3p_onoTHbiuK, no-iHocrao noKopHHMH 6ax3, ToAbKO OAIIH 113 HHXn if ” 8 — nPm,HMacr yacnie b pacKyjiaqiiBamm 6an. B «KaH4bi TanK>, KaK h b 6o)iec paHHHX nbecax, oahiim 113 r.naBHUX nrurnnouL.1119' ®LU 6bHa 6aflcKaR fl0'lb KajiaMxac, cBHaamiaa &h» khmh c 6aTpaK0M EPTacM- Ho Ha 9T0T pas aBTop cBoeoGpasHO h ™P , ? i KT0!a'1 3VI i w6°Bb- KajlaMKac ~ Be *epwa 6aAcxoro yr- Cni ^ CT 6aTpaK; 310 XHTPaa H KOBapnan jxeiimHHa, ico- ™ J\"°6° Bb aoBeP\"\"Bor° Epiaa, uroGbi cnacTH oma ot ^ H cxaaHH. 06pa3 —hobuA b Kaaaxcxoi .THrepaiype, - aaMenaw xp.- a H a T ^ ^ f ™ 80 \"PeaCTaBHeHa Guuia KJiaccoaaa 6oPb6a h ooct co- pon pa3urpuBa6eaTTcPnaKnapiBiMepHo bAr1b9i2ra7a—I1lQIa9mAiHmam«Bojiai»,’ AAee,AICcTTBfiRS®e Kko0Tt0o- Kaium CaAcKHx 3eMeaba P a^8 roW He3BAoaro ao xoHijmc- : - s ,a « ; = 5 M -. ~

BojiaTa — Hecwn. Mto6 yaaJiHTb Mywa, 6aft AaeT BoaaTy pHCKoaaHHoe nopyqemte, aoBOwmiee ero ao nopbMbi. OnpaBAaTbcs h Bbi6paTbca H3 iiopbMbi 6aTpany yaaeica qepe3 HecKOJibKo wecaueB; B03BpamaeTca oh AOMofl Kan pa3 b MOMeHT, KorAa HecHii, CAOMAeHHaa 6aeM, yMHpaei. IIoAHTHqecKHfl pocT EoaaTa — no cpaBHemno c EpTaeM — noKa3aH 3HaqHTejibHO noJiHee h nocAeflOBaTeAbiteii. BiiaqaAe oh CaaroroBeeT nepeA 6aeM, paAyeTCH npn BHAe nOAapxoB, naaTbeB, noayqeHHbix Hecnn ot Can. Be3ponoTHo haw Ha onacHoe aaAaHHe paAH CaficKoft BbiroAM. Ho nocie- neHHO npoHHKaeTCH oh HeHaaHCTbio k yrnwaTeaio h c noaiioii co3Haieab- HocTbio bxoaht b hhcao yno.iHOMO'ieiiHbix no KoacfiHCKauBH 6afiCKoro HMy- mecTBa. HenocpeACTBerao TeMarany nepBoft naniaeTKH 3aTparnBaex nbeca Ka- Ha6eKa BaftceHTOisa h ATbiran UiaHima «TapTbic» («Bopb6a»), nocTaoaeH- Haa TeaTpoM b AexaBpe 1930 roAa. B Heft noKa3aHa 6opb6a coseTCKoro ax- THB3 3a K0AJieKTHBH3aUH10, 3a OpraiIH3aiI.HIO K0AX030B, 3A06h06 COnpOTHB- aeHne BpawecKHX 3JieMeHTOB, He weaaiouiHX yftra 0e3 Cos c HCTopHqecKofi apeHbi. AKTHBHCTaMH KOAX03HOrO CTpOHTeAbCTBa B nbeCe H8AHIOTCH KOMMy- hhct ChapSeK h 6aTpaK OpbiiiSeK, oObeAHiiaiomHe BOKpyr ce6a bcio ayab- nyio CeAHOTy. Ho SaficKHe npHcneuiHHKH ywe ycrte.ni npoHHKHyTb b koa- xo3: npeaceaaTejieM ero OKa3ajica OaftcKHft cuh KocaaK, aobkhmh MaxHHa- uhbmh noAAepjKHBaioinHft HHTepecH CBoero miacca. Oh Tpefiyex c CeAHOTU 6oAbuiHX nocTaBox 3epHa, a AbBHHyio aoaio AoxoAa OTAaer KyjiaKaM. Ero npHcneuiHHKH pa3H0CHT JUKiiBbie tnyxH, BpeAHTejibCKH 3aTonanK)T koa- xo3Hbie noAH, BopyioT 3epHo, roroBHTca ncawe'ib capafl. Kocasxa noAAep- *HBaeT npHexaBUiHfl H3 ropOAa ynoAHOMoqenubifl, ero ciapuft npHHTeAb AQHAb, nhSHHUa H UJKypHHK. BHaqaAe noSewAaeT CaftcKHii Aarepb. KyAaxa aojkho o6bhhwot Oxap- Gena b xpawe 3epHa u aoGhbsiotch ero 3axAioqeHHa b iiopbMy. Ho 3aieM hx BpeAHTeAbCKHe 3aTeH buxoaht napywy, KOAxo3Hbift aKTHB pa3o6AaqaeT hx c noMombio BHOBb npHexaBuiero H3 ropoaa ynoAHOMoqeHHoro. Bubuihu OaTpax OpbinCex rafipan hobwm npeACejareAeM K0Axo3a. ribeca «TapTUC» we OTAHqaeTca rAySmtoft. 06pa3U b neft oahotoh- Hbl, CTaTHMHbl, OHH UCAHKOM paCKpbiBaiOTCH C nepBOTO * e HBAeHHH, He noAyqaioT pa3BHTHH b AaAbHefimeM. Bee we ofipa3 OpbuiOexa — b HcnoAiieHHH KaHaCexa EaftceHTOBa — Gbijj oahhm H3 yAaqHeftumx o6pa30B Oaipaxa Toro BpeMeHH. OpbwfieK no- ctohhho npoHBAaex aKTHBHoerb, HeycTaHHO SopeTca 3a fiAaroycrpoftcTBO K0AX03a. fl0Ka3aH OH B TeCHOM OfilUeHHIl C Maccoft, B OKpyweHHH 6eAHHKOB h npocToro iiapoja. 3pHieAb bhaca ero KAaccoBuft pocT, mfipaHHe ero b npeAceAaieAH K0AX03a 6uao noAroTOBAeHO BceM pa3BHTHeM AeficTBHH. H3 qHCAa Apyrax AeficxByiomHx ahu Aoa o6pa3a cneKTaxAH — noAxy- AaqHiiK MaKyAfiex (Cepxe KowamcyAOB) h CTapHK Ee86nT (KaAHfietc

KyaHumnaeB) BHAWMHCb fcwbiueft cjiojkhoctbk) o6Phcobkh, pasKoofipa- 3HeUMain^feK —(JecDpHHiuinHbifl npnxBOCTeHb 6aeB, CTapaiowHftcH yjio- Bim> M ie n ciuia, c Keu eMy 6o.iee Bbirojwo b flaHHUH MOMem apywHib. CHana-ia on nojuiepaiHBacT iuivthh Kocasma, ho, iioiyiio cro O.iinKoe pa- 30&aa<icHHe, BO-Dpexa ncpeKHjbiBacTca b apyrofi aarepb, BTiipacTca b ECpHe K K0JIX03H0My aKTHBy. BcilGirr, OTeu OrapOcKa — qeJioBex ciaporo aanaaa. BHa'inne oh r MHpCH'IOCKH OTHOCHTCfl K 6aHM, lie CO'iyBCTByeT KOaXlKiaM. AOCflAyCT cbiua 3a ero pe3Kiie Bbinaabi npoTHB Kocamca. Kor/w OwpficK api'cronaH, BeilfiiiT c6ht c many flaflcKofi mieBCTOi'i, oh Bepur b BimoimocTb cbi«a: «3,TieM crapa.icH bkccth pn.viop b aya, — BOpqirr o n .—as Aaabi iiona.i b nopbuy*. Ka.nt6cK KyairaumacB ran ecTccTBemio ncpeaa- Baa Bopqamie oma, mto :ipnre.ib h AOcaaoBaa, n wa.ic.n ero. Xopouio nepeaaBaa KaanCeK nocTeneiiHufi nepe.TOM bo mrjlfuax Befl- 6BTa, npoGywaeHHe ero KJiacconoH ccGHaicnbiiocTn. Crapnx cJiyqniiuo b aht, nan Bpara .ie3yT qcpe3 okho b npaB-iemie koaxom. qToCu yupactb jeHbni. y 6eAHBuiucb b hx npccrynHoii .aesrre.ibHOCTii, EchCiit aaropaeroi HeHaBiictbio k BparaM, pcuiHTeAbHO nepexojm Ha ciopOHy cama, noMoraeT KOMcoMtwibuaM pa3o6aaqHTb iix. B stiix cueHax 3piiTeab ywe oceueao oaoCpaa h aioGhji ero. B cneKTamie 6 ha xpynHbift HeflocraTOX, tot are, qro h b «riepH3aT— PaMa3aH»: orpHuaie.ibHOMy ynojiHOMOMCHHOMy H3 pafioHHoro ueHTpa b Hen «e Gam npoTHBonocramieii noAAHHHbifl npejieTaniiTeAb coBeTCXolt Baa- cth. —Topofi ynoaiioy.oMCHHUM, noMoraBuiafl kojixo3Homv axTHBy paso&ia- qiiTb OaficKHe 3A0AeaHHH, Aawe ne noKa3biBanca Ha cuene, o HeM 3piiTeab n TojibKo h3 fpuacucuxau3ga AuypyirnwAx AefnicnT>Byyiioouiu|HHXx AaHhUu. a CnUnapTHfiMoro pyK0B0JlCTna B 0PraHH3aUHH K0AX033 6blAa npHHH* 6ex, ™P™\" ■ tokti™ a m Or.p- ra nn ^ * Bt l U1HflCR aBTOpHTeTOM 8 wwsoae. OxAeBCTaHHull 6anMH, oHMoft (popMe, 06pa3bi 6b^HPc“ e Z ™ qHr ? ^ 0CTH01 B nJlaKaTH0-arllTa“n- aoBaiibi TojibKo k3k nDencranSwiuT ' AeflCTByl0IIllle -\"\"ua oxapaKTcpil- s, ^ tbhh onb1^ RDpH^ cHH“ j nKa^«HHqecKoS Ky.ibrypu. ,,3-ja awjBmeTtCSKOfiAHpeaMMaorrypBrMHHK.),,aTb B CBo3fi ppeenneeDprryvaaPnM3CHHaqHHOTr°MbPH>'bKix08n0ba”ecBpaycTcexaoTfpl

CaM kojltckthb Bee c Cojibniefl onpeAeAemiocTbio oco3HaBaa, mo ot- puB ot coBercKoro TeaTpa b umom 3aaep*nBaeT ero TBopqecKiiit pocT, 11 Bee cii.'ibHee BhicKa3hiBaji *enaH«e c6/>H3HTbca c pyccKHM TeaTpoM, otkv- Aa oh mot noiepnHyTb xyAO»cecTBeimyio KyAbTypy h eronb hcoOxoahmoc Ana iiajibiieiimero pa3BHraa cueHmecKoe MacTepcTBO. B ce30iie 1929/30 roAa b oahom noMemeHHH c KaaaxcmiM rcaipoM Hrpaaa aoboamio CHAbHaa pyccxaa Tpynna non xyAOwecTBeHiibw pyxoiio.v ctbom pewHccepa M. A. CoKOAOBa. Meatay abjimh KOJiJieKTimaMii ycraiin- BHJiacb Soabmaa TBopqecKaa ApywOa. Ka3axcxHe axrepbi nocemnAii cncK- TawiH pyccKOfi Tpynnbi. Ban3Koe coceacTBo Bnoaiie ecTecrneimo iiu.iMibT ao b hhx CTpeMJieHHe noBbiciiTb CBOe MaCTepCTBO npH coflciicTmm 6oacc onuTHbix TOBapHmefi no npo^eccmi. KanaSex BaficeHTOB b cbohx BbiCKa3hisaHHax oT'reraimo OTMCiacr BJiHHHHe, KOTopoe na Hero 0Ka3a.11oahh H3 Beaymax aicrepoB pyccKoii Tpyn­ nbi Tex act — A. H. Cochobckhh. «B Te roflbi, — roBopHT baficctiTOB, — a ewe He peuiHA, ctoht ah mhc ocTaBaTbca Ha caeHe, He jiyarne .in H36p.m npo^ieccHio nenarora, k Koropoft a totobhach b TexHHKyMe. B uinpoKiix Kpyrax namero ofimecTBa oTHomeuae k TeaTpy 6mjio He oaeiib aoBcpqu- Boe, aKTepcKaa npocbeccna Ka3ajiacb coMHHTeJibHofi. Ho xoraa a yoiiaeA 11a pyccKoft citene CocHOBcxoro, no3HaKOMH.ica c hhm, a cpa3y H3Menna caoe MiieHHe 06 aKTepcTBe. CochobckhB OTAaqaAca npeaciauHTe-ibHofl Biieui- HOCTbK), KpaCHBbIM TOAOCOM, 6hlA oOaHTeAeH H Ha CIKHe H B WH3HH. y 6e- AHSWHCb, HO TaKHe 3aMeHaTeAbHbie AIOAH. He CHHTaiOT AJla cefia yHH3HTCAb- HbiM HATH Ha cueny, a peLmu rowe OCTaTbca b TeaTpe. Moe ye.neqeHHe Co- chobckhm CKa3aaocb b noApaxtaHHii ero MaaepaM, roaocy. Pa6oTaa HaA poabto, ocoSeiiHO b nepeBOAHHX nbecax, a qacro npeACTaBaa.i cefie, xax CochobckhB npoH3Hec 6u ry hah HHyio $pa3y». Hah HaBcrpeiy noweAaHHHM KOAAeKTHBa, pyKOBOACTBO TeaTpa oprami- 30BaAO c Haia-ia ce30Ha 1929/30 roAa CTyAHfiHbie 3aHHTHa aah Bcero ax- TepcKoro cocTaBa. B npoTHBonoAOwHoerb CTyAHH 1927/28 roAa Ha 3tot pa3 ynop CAeAaAH 11a TearpaAbHyro, a He Ha My3biKaAbHyio pafioTy. Ochobiium npenoAaBaTeAeM 6ua npHBAeaeH pewaccep M. A. Cokoaob, Ko-ropuB ae-i 3anaTHa no «3AeMeirraM aKtepcKoro uacrepcTBa* h Aawe no BwpaaHTeAb- HOMy HTeHHio, xoth Ka3axcKoro H3HKa He 3hha. Ho h My3biKaAbHbie npeA- Meru He 6hah 3a6biTbi. no-npexoieMy R. H. KoBaaeB npenoAaB_aA My3hi- KaAbHyro rpawoTy h neHHe, oh * e caHTaAca h 3aBeAyiomHM cTyAnefi. M. A. Cokoaob, onuTHuii h HHHHHaTHBHbift nepHijiepHitHbiii pewHCcep, He 6mA OAHaxo TearpaAbHHM neAaroroM, He 6ma 3HaKOM c toB nepeAoaofi CHCTeMofl npenoAaBaHHa aKTepcxoro MacrepcrBa, xoropaa b Te roAU yc«- ahhmh yqeHHKOB K- C. CraHHCAaBCKoro 3aBoeBbiBaAa coBeTCKyio TearpaAb- Hyio uiKOAy. Oh nor noaeAHTbca c aKTepa.wn Ka3axcKoro Tearpa to.uko 6oraTblM OHbtTOMCBOeB COfiCTBeHHOfl CUeHHMeCKOfi AeaTeAbHOCTH, n o ABA3A AoSpocoBecTHo h c yBAeqeHHew. 67

B Kouue cc3ona (Mali 1930) Ha saoeum a MecreoMa reaipa W W HTOT38MTHHM CTVflHH, npmeM b npoTOKone yxasaHO, MTO «POfl pyKOBOft CTBOH TOB. CoKMOBa Tpynna noaywaa BosiuowHOCTb xopouio ocbohu. aneMeHTapHvra cucmmecKyio TexHHKy*. Tanas oueiwa, Haao ayMan., cooTBGTCTByeT cymccTBy npoBcaeKHOH pafioiu. jieficTBHTcabHO, KoaaeKTHB b stoh ce30He ocBaimaA erne He Ma- ciepciBO, He MeTOA co3flaHHS whboto o6pa3a, a toabko «TexHHKy» cue- HHsecKoa pafioTU, h npiiTOM TexHHKy saeMeiiTapHyro. Ho h 3Ta paooTa He nponua aapoM: oHa npHfian3naa KoaaeKTHB k 6oaee rJiyfioKOMV nociH- wemn 33KOHOB TeaipaAbiioro TBopsecraa. H 3a 3to koaackthb 6but oaaro- aapeH CBoeny pyKOBoflHTearo. HecoMHeimyio noab3y npanecAH KOJiaenraBy h 3bhsthh BonaxbHbiM HcnyccTBOM iioa pyKOBOACTBOM fl. H. KoBaaena. Jins Kyasui h KaHaOesa BaRceHTOBbix, KypMaH6ena XaiiflapSenoBa, MaHapCena Epwanosa ohh sBHAHCb nepnbiM luaroM k naKOnaeHHio Toft BOKaAbiiofi KyabTypu, 6aaro- Aaps Koropoil b AajibHeilmeM ara anrepu cmotah CTatb ocKOBoii Ka3axcK0- ro My3UKaabHoro reaipa. npoAO.DKeHHCM cryAHiiHUx 33HHTHH no aKTepcKOMy MaciepcTBy SBH- mcb nocrraHOBKH, iibinoaiieiiiibje M. A. CoKo.nonbiM b tot ce30H b Ka3axcKoS rpvnne: «/KemiTb5a» H. B. Toroas b flenaOpe 1929 h «ripHroBop» C. Jle- BHTHHoil b ipCBpa.ie 1930 roAa. TIotth Becb cocTaB xopouio 3«aa tckct aACeHHTbfiiJ*, noToxiy sro Ha 6ojh.uihhctbo po.aeii CbiAH‘Ha3HaseHU Te we ncnoAHirrejm, Koropwe iirpaAH b npeAwaymefi nocTaiioBKe srofi nbecu. Ho paooTa hoa poahmh Ha 3tot pa3 Guaa 3Haqiire.rbHO cepbe3Hefi h npoAy- MaHHeii, nocnoAbKy cnmaxAb aga3a pewuccep, xopouio 3HaBiuiia Totoah n CTaBHBiDiifi ce6e 3aaa'iy npaBHAbHO BbisBiiTb b cneicraKAe coAepwaime npaBAbi* TaK* e llle J,0nyCK0Tb HHicaKHx norpeoiHociea npoTHB Outoboh n m Ane'>H ° ’KaflH0C™° CTpeMHAHCb BO paCCK83aM peWHCCSpa HOHSTb A eiteB vraS Z TaB{£LCc6e nPeaCTaMeHHe 06 oCpaaax. o xapaxxepax C P 6013 PCJKHCCePa C T3KHM AK)603KaTeAbHblM C0CT3- KOAOB» B00WUieBAHAa», — HHlUeT B CBOHX BOCnOMHIiailHSX M. A. Co- x iS S U S S T npaBH-ihHO CTaBAeHoblnKpDanVpnHab.™lfl T . n a i . m Z 'T ™cne\"K'T'a'\"KJ\"ICTCbMAHOr”\"pK°eOp“npOT\"HB,O6H“O-' lopKiiS, whboS npoHhiDAHnuS CB°ero AmsaHa, h ne6o.ibiuoro pocTa, HanopHCTo naceAaA Ha^Boero P6B (EnioGafl y «yp3aKOB). KoixapeB butohsa CBaxy, M TaL s B ^ rPP^ ' PTeJI HM TaK \" caK- Oh c ajaproM «a b y3KHfl MyHAiip. Ka3aAocb ™ r^ epb’ '0H ca“ BTHCKHBaA rioAKOAecB- BcswecKH pa3waraA era hhtmmJ 1 ,^°pe;l * ejIaHlleM weHHTb RoAKOAecHHa, a npec K HeBCCTC. pacxBaAHBaA fiaara ceweg-

nofl >kh3hh, ocofiemio Bupa3HTc.ibHo noKa3binan, cKOjibKo aexeii CyneT y Hero h Raicoro pocra. Oh c yaoBo.ibCTBHeM HaGjiroaaji, xax FIoaxoacchh no- CTeneHno 3aB.iaaeBaeT pyxofi AracpbH Thxobobhu. f!p upoakum TeMiiepa- MeHT aKTepa noMor eMy «c oroiibKOM* pa3peiUHTb stot o6pa3. B cboio ohc- peab EeHCOB xopouio noaiepuHoa.i 3acreH>iHB0CTb FIoflKOAecHna, ero po- 6ocTb b npHcjrrcTBHH ReBecTbi; ero OAOAeBaao JKenaHiie 3a6aTbca b yroa. CTatb coBceM He3aMeriibiM. AracpbH TaxoHOBHa — MajiHKe Ulawoea — yfieaHTeAuio noaicpxHna- jia jKWiaHHe nepe3peAofi neBecru noHpaBHTbca wenaxaM h nocxopee buA- th 3aMy*. OHa c HiirepecoM paccMaTpiiBana coGpaBuiHxca jkchhxob. Cepxe KoxcaMRyaoB TpaRTOBan flHHHHuy Ran 3anpaBCKoro Ryaaxa. waaHoro CTawaTfena; oc*oBaTeJibHtjfl, KpyrjieHbKHS, oh Co.ibuie HHTcpeco- Bajica npHaasbiM, a He caMoB HeBecroft. Oh omynbreaji, ciHTa.a noAyiuKii 11 Me6eab b KOMHaTe, ynpaAKoft CMorpea b okho — Ha <j)AHreaeK bo ABope; HeAOBOAbHO MopmHACH, RorAa 3bohor b npHxowefi MeuiaA eMy neperoBO- pHTb c aesyuiKofi. KypMan6eK )Kanaap6eKOB b poah AHyMKHHa, b npoinBonoAoxcHocrb HHHHHue, BbiraaaeA cyxoaaTUM, no-BoeHHOMy noAranyTUM, h b to we Bpe- mh — nycruuiRoB, «6e3 uapa b toaobo. P a6oia HaA ROMeAHeft Toroan noA pjtkoboactbom onwrHoro pewHccepa ocraBHAa rAy6oKHft caea b C03H3HHH HcnoAHHieAeft, noBUCHAa hx Mactep- CTBO, yBepeHHOCTb B CBOHX CHA3X. «BnepBbie B pafioTe HaA «?KeHHTb6oii» mu noiiHAH, 'ito TaKoe nbeca, poab, hto TaKoe hohcrh cuemwecKoro xa- paKTepa*, — paccRa3ueaeT 06 stom cnexraKAe Cepxe KowaMKyAOB. MeHbme noAb3u Ra3axcKoS Tpynne npimecaa nocTaHOBKa nbecu «np«- roBop», BunoAiieHnaa npHTOM Hacnex, 6e3 cepbe3iioft pafioTtj HaA poahmh. Bu3UBaer HeAoyMeHHe npewAe Bcero caMufl Bufiop 3toB nbecu, b xoTopofl coCuthh anoxH rpawAaHCKoii boBhu .H3AoxceHU b Ayxe SyabBapHoro AereK- thb3. B RaqecTBe raaBHOro AeitcTayiomero Anna BUBeacua h3hc/Kchha3 OapbiiiiHH H3 CeAorBapAeficKofl ceMui, b Hepa3(5epHxe Tex TpeBoaucux jier CAeAaBinaHCH weHoft ROMMyHHCTa, ho no-npejKfieMy coiyBCTByioiHaH era- poMy MHpy. Ee KanpH3bi u nepejKHBamm, cocTaBAaioiaiie ocHOBHoe coaep- waHiie nbecu, HaxoAHAH mbao oTKAHKa b 3p«TeAbHOM 3aAe. MaAHKe UlaMOBa, HcnoAHHreAfcHnua stoS pewra, HrpaAa HepoBHO, na stot pa3 He 6uao y Hee toS HCKpeHHOcra h npocTOTu, Koropux ona ao6h- Aacb b «3aype». KpHraxa oTMeraAa H3AHHiHe naaRCHBufl toh b paae MecT; TOAbKo nocAeAHsa cueHa, rAe My*-pa6oiHft BUCTpeaOM yfiHBaer *eny 3a H3Meny h npeAaT6AbCTB0, nponiAa Ha bucorom ApaManreMe. Eme Menbine bouiah b pOAH Apyrne ncnoAHHTeAn: b neKoropux MecTax OHH npocro npOH3HOCHAH 3ay>ieHHblfi TeRCT 6e3 BCHROrO BbipaweHHH. KoHewo, He «IlpHroBop», a «)KeHHTb6a» MoaceT ciHraTbca noABeae- HHeM HToroB pafioTU nepBoro pyccKoro pewHCcepa b Ka3axcR0M TeaTpe. /IpyrHM CBiiAereAbCTBOM TBopnecRoro coTpyaHHiecTBa AByx KOAAeKTH-

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peACTBeHHoe corpyxHHnecTBo flByx kojijickthbob paccTpomiocb; oiwaKo py- KOBOflcreo Ka3axCKOro TeaTpa cipeMHaocb saKpenHTb h pacumpHTb onur, npHo6peTeHHbitt b coBMecraofi paSoxe. rioJib3yacb TeM, ito MHorwe H3 aKxepoB-tca3axoB xopouio osnaKOMii- JiHCb c nocTaHOBKofi «MjnxsKa» b pyccicofi Tpvnne, Kasaxcniift Tearp b cnenyiomeM ce30He 1930/31 ro«a nocraBHJi airy nbecy y ce6a Ha Ka3axcKOM n3biKe b nepeBoae KanafieKa BaftccHTOBa. H a btot pa3 poah <t>ypMaHOBa HcnoaHon KypMaHfiex >Kaiwap6eKOB. YiacTHe b cneKraxae «MnTew» Ha pyccKOM snune 3Ha>iHTejibHo oOaentK- jio eMy pa6oiy naa o6pa3oM: npHcyrciBya Ha penexHiumx, oh BHaea, Kan co3flaBa.icH ofipa3 OypMaHosa, nonaa, khkhc 3aaanH craBHJi ce6e aicxep, b ’icm cywHOCTb o6pa3a. <J>ypMaHOB-jKaH,aap6eKOB 6bia MoaoabiM, o6an- TeabHHM. co crporHMH, coOpaHHHMH ABHweHHHMH. 3epHOM o6pa3a 6uaa cnoKoBnaa yBepeHHOCTb OvpMaHOBa b npaBOTe csoero aeaa, co3HaHHe, hxo napTiis noflaep*HBaer ero. KanaOeK BaficeHxos h b K33axcKOM cneKxaicae coxpaHHa sa coCoft npejKHioio pojib ILtaraCyiAHHOBa, Koroporo noKa3UBaa ropHHHM, aobkhm, CIUIbHMM, KpaCHBbIM. I7o HaUHOHaflbHOCXH 3X0 He 06>!3aTejIbH0 T3TapHH, CKopee KaBKa3eu; oaer oh b rHMHacrepKy KaBK33CKoro noKpoa c KHHwaaoM y noaca, b CapaiimoBoii uianne. K <I>ypMaHOBy oh othochtch c BeamailuiHM yBajKeHHeM, Has k yaeiiHKy JleHHHa. C TOBapHiuaMH aepjKHT cefia He3aBH- Pojih BparoB HcnoaHHJiH EmoOaft yMypsaKOB (KapaBaeB), KanaH Ea- a.wpoB (IlexpoB), Cepxe KowaMicyaoB (MeycoB). Ohh noanepKHBaaH bu- SHBaiomee HaxaabcxBO MHxewHHKOB bo BpeMa hx nepBoro npHxoaa b uiTaO OypMaHOBa, hx nbHHuft pa3rya nocae BpeMemrofi noOean. HeKoxo- paa npHMHTHBHOCTb b TpaKTOBKe 3THX ofipa30B CK33aaacb Ha rpHMe ap- thciob: ohh CbuiH 3arpHMHpoeaHH 6e3ofipa3HNMH, c rpyfio HaaenaemibiMH IHOCaMH, C TOpaaillHMH BO Bee CTOpOHhl yca.vH. CaabHoe BnexaxaeiiHe npoH3BOAHaa b cneKTaicae cueHa MHTHHra b Kpe- nocTH, Kyaa, b caMoe aoroBO MsrrencHHKOB, npHXOAHx <J>ypMaHOB h ero apy3ba. My*ecxBeHHo h caepwaHHO seaer ce6a <I>ypMaHOB. Ha Teaery, cay- iKamyio TpHfiyHOfl, flaxe He cnpoca pa3peoieHHa npeflceaaTeaa, BCKawiBaer ropaMHfi IilurafiyuiHHOB, jkhbo wecTHKyanpya, npoiraHOCHX naaMeHHyio, 3a- JKHraieabHyio peib h b 3aKnmemie c ciiaoft Cpocaer manny Ha 3eMaio. Oh He Moxex caepwaTb cedsi, oh aoasceH BbicKa3aTb Te MhicaH, Koxopue o6y- peBaioT ero. I'poM anaoancMeHxoB b 3pHieabH0M 3aae oSuiho conpoBowjaa ero Bbixoa. Bcaea 3a xern inaa xaxeaasi, apaMaxanecKH Hachiuieincas, xoth h cxa- TH'iHaa no MraaHcueHaM KaprHHa b noaBaae, m e cpypMaiiOB h apynie KOMMy- HHCTU o*nnaK)T pacnpaBH mbtokhhkob, <5aH3Koro pactrpeaa. Ohh chahx cyMpaMHue, norpyxeHHue b raweaue MbicaH. OypMaHOB nmueT h npaaer 3anHCKy, Haaeacb, hto OHa JloflaeT ^o ocTaBUiHXca b jkhbux TOBapHiuefi. Ho 71

b 3I0T raxMHfi MOMCTT OR cAepman, cnoKoeH, Tax Kax ^epflOjiepRTB KOHMHyn n06ejiy napnw. Oahh UlHraCyTAHHOBmjmojkct ycMCTb m -ecre. Oh Meqerca no noAaaxy, *ax rarp b wiewe, BOAHyercn 3a ceOa h aa cbohx T°BaCpena ommaJiacb fio.ibmofi cocpejonmeHHOCTbio, ray6o«HM HyBcmoM KBU3bIBajia JKBBOii OTKJIHKB3pHTMbH0H 3aJie. TeM fionee ch.uhoh 6bwa paaoctb spHTCJia b noencAimx cueHax cnex- laioiH, Koraa ywe noAyieno H3B6CTH6 o npH6JiH*eHHH orpiiAon KpacHOR Apmhii, a nepenyraHBbie matokjuikh roroBHTCH k 6ercTBy, cncmHO cpbiBaior c ce6s Bee 3iiaKH otah'Ihh, pa3oOAaqaiomHe hx. CneKTawrb 6ha npHHsiT npexpaciio h niea HecxoAhxo ceaonoB, Bee ape- mh coBepmeHCiByacb. Ha oniire aroft nocTanoBKR kojiagkthb eme pa3 HarjuiAHO vficAHACR b Heo6xoAHMocrH 6oAee 6AH3Koro 3iiaKOMCTBa c pyccKofl xyaowccrneHHofl nnxKyabTypoS aah jiaabnefimero p33bhthh TeaTpa. OaHaKo KpaTKonpeMeHHOro vnacTHa M. A. CoxoaoBa 6uao eme ucaociaToiHo peinimvibiioro cabh- ra b pa6ote TeaTpa. A nocae Hero b Teneime noAyropa act TeaTp oitHTb Cua AHineH noMomH h nonAcpwrai pyccimx neAaroroB h pewHccepoB. KyAMyp- hhRpoct ero npHocranoBHACS. H TOAbKo b naiaAe 1932 roAa b TeaTpe cHOBa ijohbhach pewHccep H3 pyccKoro TeaTpa 3. IL TaHeeB, BbinoAHHBiiiHH oAHy nocTanoBxy — «rioABOA- Has AOAKa» M. 3. Tpurepa”. CneKTaxAb stot TpeCoBaa ot ncrtoAHHTeAefi Bbicoxofl KyAbTypbi, Tax nan Aawe no cpaBHeHHio c «MnTexoM» 3Ha*mTeAbHO AaAbiue vboaha ot Ha- UHOHaAbHOfi JKH3IIH. TepORMHerO fiblAH COBeTCKHe MOPHKH, BnAaBBHHHCT3A- C 0KP!*al0l«\"M CoBeTCKHfl Co103 KamiTaAHCTHieCKHM MHpOM. upara cTpamj coana.iH3Ma nbrraiOTca noTorra-rb coBeTCKyio noABOAiiyio aoa- »y, n ToAbKo BO-BpeMa npHuieAinaH noMouii cnacaeT ee. a oma>B a bmahchb AHTepaType h TeaTpe Toro BpeMemi toms «pa3- m CTapo\" ccwb>l <t>nrypHPoBaAa H b btoS nbece. B ueHtpe C T a p S fin af L PMtU * apofi ^BTeAAHreHUHh, m abophhckoh ceMbH. \" i ^ PaT~ 6“ BIUHii ‘Xl’Wttep- npHXOAHT CnyjKHTb BO dWOT CT3H0- UHK), BCrynaeT B eaafh c i,0IK0*- ilpvrofl vxoaht b SMiirpa- AOAKefxoropog K0MaHflyeTcTapmHRa6pBaTn0flCTpaHBaeT Mp“BHa noaBOflHO* nan BaAup” BP3 ^ 6 u Pl To™aK™Hna\"a 1n0'W°»H°8 aoakh - HcnoAHHA Ka­ ne 6ha yBepeH b cbom ci™* n \" l P HX KpynHUX ero P0JIefl: caM «W max k oepaay, penmccep npHBHajf Hecx0JlbKH* stkiaob, jioabo/w- ABtom Ha poAb KanHTaiia. E n v HaH6ojlee noAXOAHumM xaiiAH- ““ npa“ v “ ,B npHMOAHHefiHouy KanHTaHy— ero (Spat

A^eKcaHflp. BercTBO sa rpamuy, cnyxCa o$ huh3htom b nopTOBOM Ka$e H3.ioMa.ii! ero. A^eKcaHflp norwHuaeT, npHCJiywHBaeTca, npHTBopHeTca, capu- BaeT ot Bcex CBoe ahuo. Oh hh c xeM He HCKpeHeH, aa*e c *eH0ii h 6paioM. y Hero MarKHe AnaweHHa: to oh ckojh>3ht no napaeTy, KpaaeTca, WMeTcst. CKJiOHfleTCH, to npHJKHMaer pyxy k cepany, to aero-To nyraerca h nbiTaeTCH CKphlTbCH. CnowHyto no ncaxoAorHaecxoMy pHcyHxy poab raaraoft repoHHH, Oam-h. urpana b stom cneKTaKJie Kyaam GaficeHTOBa. riepBUM MyweM Oabrii Sun AaexcaiiAp. rioayqHB H3Becrne o ero cMepTH b 3Miirpau.Hn,' oHa Buuma bto- Phhho 3aMyw, 3a ero CpaTa, KanHTaaa aoaxh. Oaiiaxo A-iexcaHap BHe3an- ho B03BpamaercH, bhoch b wH3Hb moaoaoS wenmiiHU MyMHTeJibiibiii pa3Jiaa. Ha ocHOBe B^ipexTHofl no CHiyauHHM nbecbi pejxnccep nonmaacH co3flan> BneiawaioiHHft, 3axBaTWBaioujH& cneKTaxAb, npHMeHHH pa3JiHiHbie cpeaci'Ba TeaipaabHOCTH, erne HeBHAaHHue Ha xa3axcxofi cneHe. B x[7oABoaHofi aoAKe* Bnepaue nosBHAHCb na xa3axcKoS cueHe Tpex- MepHbie AexopauHH, BunojmeHHue no 3anucay pewnccepa xvaowhhkom C. CrojispoBbiM. Ha cueHe 6bui nocrpoeH AByxaTawHhifi craHOK, xawAbirt 3Taw pa3fiiiT BeprHKa.ibHbiMH neperopoAKaMH Ha Tpa OTAeaeHHa — xaMepu, CHa6*eHHbie xantuaa OTAeJibHUM 3aHasecoM. 3 th «xaMepn» npeBpautaJiHCb, b 3aBHCHM0CTn ot Mecra AeflcTBHH, to b OTAeAbHbie KafiHHeTu pecTopaHa, TO b KOMHara b AOMe xanuraHa, to b KaiOTbi sa noABOAHoiS AOAxe: c noMoutbio 3aHaBecoB AcficTBue Morao nepe6pactJBaTbca H3 oahoA Kaiora b apyryio. OAHa H3 cueu pa3birpbiBaAacb Ha naayfie noABOAHOfl jioakh c xanaraHCKHM mocthkom h jiecTHHuaMH— nepexoAaMH na Hefi. HoBH3Ha aecTHHu, HJiouiaAOK, KOHcrpyKUHH nopa3HJia airrepoB, npHBbix- uihx nrpaTb Ha pobhom nojiy, npHBUKimix k 6e3AeflcTBeHHHM, hhotab cjiyqafi- HblM, HMnpOBH3HpOBaHHb!M MH33HCUeHaM. Ha 9TIIX KOHCTpyKUHflX pe>KHCCep nocTpon.1 AHHaMtuiHbie, pa3H006pa3Hfje, toiho paccaHTaiuihie MH3aHcueHbi, noABHHHB hx onpeAMGHHOMy pejKHecepeKOMy 3aMucjiy. Hbeca 6buia pa36HTa Ha xycxa, AJia KawAoro Kycxa ycraHOBJieH coot- BercTByiomHfi eMy cueiiH'iecKHfi «piiTM». ITay3bi MewAy peiiAHxaMH unipoxo o6hirpbiBaAHCb, nopoS pa3pa<rraacb b uejiue MHMH'iecKHe cueHbi. Oco6eHHo 3$$eKTH0 6bUia npeACTaBAeHa xaTacTpoijia — 3aTonAeHHe noABOAHofi aoakh. OAHa 3a Apyrofl OTXphTBaiOTca Kaiora aoakh, to b nep- B0M, TO BOBTOpOM STajKe. B 0AH0H H3 HHX BHAHO, KaK nOCTeneHHO BOAa 3a- nojiHaer A0A«y (noAHHMaeTCH CHH3y rcuiyfiOBaToro uaeTa Mapaa). HBa MaT- poca, He HMea bosmojkhocth buAth H3 Kaiom, niQuyr. 3aTeM orepbiBaerca KaioTa KanHTaHa. TaM Tone He XBaTaeTB03Ayxa, MaTpocu 3aAbixa(0Tca, oahh cxoaht c yMa. B tot MOMeHT, kotab rnfieab xaxeTca HerafiewHoii, BApyr pa3AaeTca CTyK CHapyxtH, h noHBAaxrrca BOA0Aa3u, npHHOcawHe cnaceHHe. C hx no- MombK) yaaeTca noAHHTb AOAxy. IlocjieAHHa KapTHHa npeACTaBJiaaa onatb naayfiy aoakh, Ha KOTopyu buhocht nocTpaAaBniHX. 73

nocraHOBKa «noflBoflHoS jioukh. orepuBaua nepeu TeaxpoM m a m to- PH30HTM, noBbuuaaa Kyjrarypy cneKtaK-TO, 3iiaKOMHJia c MerouKKOH pe*HC- cepcKoS pafioTbi, npiiy^ajia k cJiaxeHHOcm, opraHH30B3HHocTH, unHaMHK- hocth cueimiecKoro AeitcTBua, pacmiipsaa bo3MOWhocth TeaTpa b iicnojib- 30B3HHHACKOpaHHH, CBeTOBbIXH 3ByKOBHX3(}>lj>eKTOB. OaHaKo oaHofl nocraHOBKH c onuTHUM pewHccepoM 6ujio, kohciho, He- aocTaiOTiio, htoSu nepecTpoHTb paCoTy TeaTpa b uo.tom, bhccth opraHH30- BaHHocTb b TexHimecKHe uexn. BhicoKaa xyabTypa «nouBOUHofi Jioakh* aep- wa.iacb TOJibKOHa onme pewHecepa. K naTHaauaTHACTHio OKTaSpbCKoii peooJnouHH (Hoafipb 1932 roja) Tearp totobhji nbecy M. Ays30Ba «3a Owafipw. HecnoTpa iia a.iiire/ibHufl nepiioa noaroTOBKH (aBa c ikviobhhoh Mecaua) cneieraioib 6ua caeaaii Kyc- Tapno, HeOpewiio. Ha npe.flBnpiiTe.UHOM npocMOTpe b npucyTCTBHii npeacra- BHTeaeB npaBBTeabcrea pecny&nHKH aKTepu nepenyTaan pen-mmi, paGoiae nepenyTa.™ aeKopaiwa, nouyuuiacb aocaaHaa Hepa3<5epnxa. CncmiajibHaa iipocMoTpoBaa komhcchh ym.ia c cepeamiu cneKTamia h He pa3peuiHAa bu- HapKoMnpoc pecny6.iHKH cepbe3Ho oraeccH k cpuBV pa6ora TeaTpa. 9 uena6pa 1932 roaa Ktwuieraa HapuoMnpoca BbiHecna nocTanoBJieiiHe, b ko- topom OTMeia.ia, itq TeaTp He cyMeji oCecneuHTb nocTaHOBKy k naraafluaroi roaoBiuHHe OKTsiCpa, xotb noun iia TpH Mecaua ucuhkom ncpeoiomiJiCH Ha siy pafioiy. «noaroTOBKa TeaTpa k ce3ony b CMhicJie pewHccepcKoS nocraHOBKH, oipopM.TCHHa cueHbi n Hrpbi axiepoB OKaaajiacb Ha ypoBHe caMoaeaTe/ibHoro TeaTpa. miea omymeHHbie HapKOMnpocoM cpeucrea, TeaTp ne cyveu npa- nvnm,?u,LBaJ1HI*’\"U1S 0Bai,nblX TeaiPa-lbHbl* CnCIWaUUCTOIl H yjIVHlUHTb 060- 5afnnZ ™ “eH“ ' n0Jlll0e OTCyTCTBHe y^SBofl pafioTbi B KOJueKTHBe b ue- >» S . \" Z “ °ea“ T ” ' “ * « “ \"«• era E ^ r a f r ^ .nJ?aWaTajla: fT;'pr- P>pl:\"M:va-, tea'-f.a chste, a Ha hectb HOBKy nnewHem npnnnr.,^ n,,eC 3anPe™Tb- PaapeuiHB npo,io.maTb nocTa- Z S r ^ Z ^ ° J 'maTb^Ofiwau kS S , 1''0® ocBoeHiioro kou.tckthbom aoepoB*. HCKyccTBYh TeaTpaubHOMy 3to noCTaHoMeHHe^fiMLflr , ^ Z PHO‘n0j1H™MeCKOr° yP0Blfa HX- » “ >yaO*CCTBeiIHOii OTCTajIOCTH aRrrqnn£!lUHTe‘'IbHyK> BOftl,y KyCTapHHieCTBy H Ko-T-ieKTHB, ocBaHBaa xyuowe’cTBCHimn H-°Boro 3Tana- Ha K0T0P0M m , Ao6mcs auanHTeubHoro x™0*ecrae™n^y,?y 6paTCKOr° Py^Koro Hapo- J-poBHa nepeaoBoro coBercuZ i m p T P0CTa H nocie,leHI10

rAaea 3 HEPEMOM B PAEOTE TEATPA (1932—1935) yKpeiuieHHe couHajiHCTHiecKofl chctcmu xcmfiCTBa b ronbi nepBofi na- THJieTKH conpoBoatflajiocb HeymroHHUM noafceMOM KyjibryptJ, poctom coiwa- JlHCTHHeCKOrO C03H3HHH B UIHpOKHXKpyraX COBeTCKOft HHTCTUlHreHUHH. OaHHM H3 nposMeHHfi 3Toro noaT>eMa 6uno nocTaHOBJieHiie UK BKn(6) o r 23 anpejia 1932 roaa « 0 nepecrpoflKe ^HrepaTypiio-xyaoKCCTBemibix op- raHH3auHft», KOTopoe onpea&JiH.io Ha 6aH*afiimie roabi nyra pa3BHTHS sce- ro coBeTCKoro HCKyccrsa. HenocpeacTBeHHo oho 6fci.ro HanpaB.ieno ripoTHB KpyxKOBofl 33MKHy- tooth «nponcTapcKHX nHcaTenefl*, TpeCoBa.'io 06-beaHHeHHH scex nHcaTene®, noaaepxHBaioinHX n.naTipopMy cosercKOH BJiaciH h crpeMamaxca yaacTBo- B3Tb B COUHa^IHCTHHeCKOM CTpOHTft/IbCTBe, B eaHHhlfi COK)3 COBeTCKHX HHCa- OairaKo no cnoeiny sHaaeHHio nocTaHOsacHHe sto aa-iexo BbixoaH.no 3a npyr 3aTpoHyTbix b HeM opraHH3aaHOHHfcix BonpocoB. Cymrocrb ero coctoh- jia b yrayfiaeHHH o6ihhx 3aaaa coBCTCKoro HCKyccTBa, b noBopoTe b cropo- liy 6oafciuoro HCKyccTBa, OTBenaromero 3anpocaM KyabTypHoii pesoaioaHH. Ilotyie Hero nepea coBerCKHM HCKyccTBOM Hapaay c reMaMH HHaycTpHa- VIH3aUHH H K0JiaeKTHBH3amm B03HHK3JIH HOBHe BeJIHHeCTBeHHbie 3aaaiH co- twaancTHaecKoro nepeBocnHTaHHa .noaeB, npeoaoaeHHfl octstkob 6ypxya3- Hofl HaeOJIOrHH B HXC03HaHHH. Meway tcm paaBHme HCKyccTBa b Ka3axcTaHe 3aMeTH0 oTCTaBaao ot B03pacTaBiUHX TpefioBaHHft h 3anpocoB Hacc. Tearpa.ibHoe aeao c MOMema opraHH3auBH neproro rocyaapcTBeHHoro teatpa Mano caaHHy.rocb c uecta.

KDOMe ocHOBHoro pecnyGAiixaHCKoro spaManiiecKoro TeaTpa b Aams- Are ? a Bcefi repDHTopHH pecny^HKH b 1932 nw y Guao scero abb hbaho- KaAbHux reaTpa: b KaparaHAe h PHAAepe. 06a ohh hochah “ He cn-ar- dob paGoiefi mmo,tok:i» (TpaM), ho npeAcraBAfl-iH coGoii CecnoMouiHbie b TBopBecKOM oTHoiuemm KOAAeKTHBU, eABa noAHHMaBUinecH iiaA ypoBiieM ca- MOAeareAbHOCTH. KaparaiwHHCKHfi TpaM b aBrycre 1932 roAa npHC3)xan b MocKBy Ha BcecoKBiiyio oaHMnxaAy caMOAenreJibiioro HCKyccTaa h 3necb npoii3BeA Bne- aaTvicHiie oahoto H3 cAaGefiuiHX koaagkthbob abjkc cpenii K.ny6iibix xpyiKKOB. TpaM b PHMepe, Bcxope nepecTpoemibifi b paGoqiiii TcaTp, hmca b cBoeM cocTaBe Tpex-'ieTbipex TaAatiTAHBbix aKTepoR, xoTopwe nnoc.'ieACTBmi bouiah b cocTaB pecnyfiAHKancKoro TeaTpa. flo-BHAHMOMy, toabko na hhx xoAAex- thb h aepwaaca, Tax xax nocAe hx yxona pHAAepcxHi'i TcaTp cxopo npexpa- tha cboc cymecTBOBaHxc. HaxoHen, eaniiCTBeHiiuft b pecnyGAHxe rocyAapcTBeiiHhifi HamioHaAb- nbi8 TeaTp, npocymecTBOBaB oiecTb Aer, Bee eme BapHAcx b coGcTBemiOM co­ xy xycTapiibix AioSHTeAbcxiix nocTaiioBox. Ero TBopqecxaa oTcraAocrb, ero GecnoMomHocTb cypoBo, no cnpaBeAAireo oxapaxTepH30Bana b nocTaHOBAe- hhii KOAAerHH HapxoMnpoca ot 9 AexaGpa 1932 rosa. KyAMypito Bbipocmaa 3a 3th roAH oGmccTBCHHOcTb Ka3axcxofi pecnydAHxn npe.rbiiMnna cBoeMy xaiuioHaAbHOMy TeaTpy GoAee crporne h Bbicoxne TpeGoBamia, hc MOrAa mh- pHTbca c AioGflTeAbcxHM ypoBiieM ero cnexTaxAeS. B 1933 roAy npaBiiTeAbCTao KaaaxeraHa npHHywaeHo 6hao yAeAHTb 3Ha>mTeAbnoc BHHMaiiHe BonpocaM HcxyccTBa, HToGbi AHKBHAHpoBaTb ero or- cTanaHHe h noATHiiyrb xynojxecTBeHHyio wii3Hb pecnyGAHXH Ha ypoBeiib bha- mmyrux xyAbTypHofi peBOAiouiiefi 3aflai. BcAeA 3a nocTaHOBAeHHeM xoAAe- ! 5 T poca 0T9 aeKa6pfl 1932 roaa- B 1933 r° w noHBHACH Psa nocra- CoBHapxoua, xpauxoMa napum, HapxoMnpoca Kasaxcrawa no sonpocaw pa3BHT(ia HauHOHaAbHoro HcxyccTBa pecnyGAHXH KuACCP m 29 .» p c ,« 1933 n „ . 0 a * ... f s x n i a a = = .r : r - = g y g r: K . . C C P o , 9 , ™ ^ ; p7 4 0n“ “ \" “ ™ t r “ H .p.o»npo.. S“ «»op« «o»»«

1. OpramrcoBaTb HauHonanbHbie TeaTpanbHhie Tpynnw a ctvahh bo Bcex oGnacriiux ueHTpax pecnyGnHXH. 2. Co3AaTb My3bixanbHyx> CTyaaio, KOTopaa b AanbKefimeM AonttHa GbiTb npeo6pa30BaHa b xa3axcxH0 MysuxaAbHhifi TeaTp. 3 toh ctvahh Ka3rocreaTp nepeAaer Bee cboh «KOHxiepxHO-3CTpaAHHe ipyHKUHH*, ca*M nepemnoMaacb HCKJiiOHHTCAbHO Ha nyrb ApaMTeaTpa. 3. Co3nan> K33axcKyio HaoHoaaAbHyio ApaMaTHHecxyx) Macrepcxyio npH Mockobckom TeaKOMOHHaTe— Tax Ha3bma.icH TorAa rocyaapcTBeHiibifi hh- CTHTyr TeaTpaAbHoro HcayccTBa HMeHH JlyHauapcxoro (THTHC). 4. «Ka3axcKOMy rocyAapcreeHHOMy TeaTpy b Tenenne Bcero npeAcroa- mero ce30Ha cocpeAOTO'iHTb cBoe BHHMaHHe HaA paGorofi no noBbnuemno xa- MccTBa h coAepmaHHH paGoTbi TeaTpa nyreM ynyquieHHH tcxhhkh axTepcxoft Hrpbj, xyAOHcecTBeHHoro otpopMneiiHH nocraiioBOX, yrnyGneHHoB paGoThi HaA o6pa3aMH H T. a.». 5. <...nepeCTpOHTb paGoTy TeaTpa thkhm o6pa30M, htoOh Ha ocHOBe npx- Mofl cnenna.iin3au.nn no ApaMHtaHpy, nyieM opraHH3auHH yqeGbi no axrep- CKOMy MacTepcTBy, rmeAemiH crpororo nopHAxa pacnHcaHHH nocTaHOBon h Apyrnx 3aHHTHfl( BceMepHoro yxpenneHHH TpyAAHCUHnnHHbi cpeAH aKTepoB h paGoTHHKOB Boofime, Ka3rocTeaTp craa aKaaeMH'iecKHM TeaTpoM*. HcnocpeACTBeHHbiM pe3ynbxaT0M sthx nocTaHonneHHB Guna opraHiiaa- uhh b tom we ce30He 1933/34 roAa Ka3axcxofl My3bixaAbH0& cryAHH, ocho- bu Gyaymero My3bixanbHoro TeaTpa. 3 to cymecTBeHHtjfl Bran b pa3BHTHH TeaTpa.ibHoro HcxyccrBa Ka3ax- craHa. Buiue Gtwio ywe CKa3aHO, mo b MOMenT ijiopMHpoBaHHH nepBoro b pecnyGAHKe rocyAapcTBeHHOro TeaTpa eMy AOBepHAH B3pammsaiiHe Bcex bh- AOB HCKVCCTBa — He TOAbKO APaMaTHHeCKOTO, HO H MySblKaAbHOTO, C006pa3- ho c ieM b ero BbiCTynnemiHX ApaMaiHqecxHe cnextaxAH vepeflOBanncb c KOHUepTaMH. OAHaKO B CBH3H C oGlUHM pOCTOM KyAbTypU Ka3aXCTaHa OAHH KOAAeK- thb yxce He mot yaoBJieTBopun sanpocbi cGmecrBeHHOCTH, TpeGoBaBUiefi Go- Aee HHTeHCHBHofl pa3pa6oTKH HCKAfOHHTeAbHbix GoraTCTB Ka3axcTaHa b oG- nacTH HapoAHOfi My3bixH h necHH, Gonee imipoKoro HcnoAb30BaHHH hx Ha cuene. BbinOAHHTb 3TH 3aAaiH H npH3B8H GhIA My3b)KaAbHbl0 TeaTp. B ero nocTaHOBKax tpbahuhh h GoraTCTBa Ka3axcxoro iiapOAHoro TBopuecTBa Mor- AH GbITb BbIHBAeHbl C KaHGOAbOiefi nOAHOTOfi H OpraHHHHOCTbK). n o nepBOHanaAbHhiM npeAnoweHHHM, cryAHH aoajkhb Gwna npoMBecra Ha6op b axTepcxyio rpynny h Haiaxb c hhm yueGHyio paGoTy. Oahsko Taxofl nyTb noAroTOBKH nesuoB H3 moaoachch noKa3anca pyxo- BOACTBy cahqjkom AAHTeAbHbiM h HeHaAeJKHWM. ToponHCb npeBpaTHTb CTy- Ahk) b rearp, Haiaxb npoH3BOAcrBeHHyfo paGoTy, nocTaHosxy cnexTaxneii, py- koboactbo HcnoAb30B3A0 aah 3Toro ywe HMeBumecH b ero pacnopa*eHHH TBopqecxHe Kajpu — apTHCTOB ApaMaTHqecxoro TeaTpa, oGnaAaBiiiHX xopo- U1HMH B0K3AbHbIMH CnOCOGHOCTHMH. 77

1934 rofla —KyJimu h ■ IIieM OCHOBHOft KOCTflK, My3UKaAbHufi TeaTp OTKpuaca 13 aimapa 1934 roaa MyauKaabHoii ko- MUHefi M. AyasoBa «AflM3H- IUwinaw. B lien aaHSTbi 6w.ni. KpoMe nepe- Mac-ieHHbix Butue apTKcroB, TaKJKC Emofiail yuyp3aKOB ii Ka.mOeK Kyanuui- naes, OAHaro ocTaBumeca b aaiibHeiimcM b cocraBe apaMani'iccKoro TcaTpa. TaxiiM o6pasoH, pecnyu/WKaHCKiiii ApaMaraiecKHii Tearp nim.ica ocho- Boft npH co3AaHHH My3biKa;ibnoro TeaTpa, ikwotobhji h ncpaa.i CMy ocAy- muc Kaapw. Ho cymemy nepeue My3UKajibHbic cncKTaioiii co3;iaiibi ciuiaHB ApaMarimccKoii Tpynnw. H na pa3BHTiie ApaMaTHiecKoro TeaTpa nocTaiioBJieHiia KpaflKOMa H HapKOMnpoca 1933 roaa Tan*e OKa3a,iH orpoMHoe B03AeScTBiie. 3th noCTaiioBJicHHH b KopHe JiouaAii Ty jihiiwo pa3BHraa, no KOTopofi h im Ka3axcKHft pecny6/iHKaHCKHfi TeaTp c MoueiiTa ero ocHonamia, nepeBO- ABHHcro pa6ory Ha HHbie npHHU.nniia.'ibHbie ochobh. 3anpememie iiobhx nocxaHOBOKBnpcAb ao npamameHHa KBanmJiHUHpo- Bamioro pewaccepa, oncpwrae cryAmi npH Teaipe, npHKa3 rice.viy aKrepcKO- MycocraBV lieMcjweimo HanaTb H3yiemie TeaTpajibHoro HCKyccroa — Bee bto noaojKHJio npeaen npewHeMy o6oc'o6jieHHio Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa ot comtcko- ro ncKyccTBa b uejioM, cTaBHJio oiepeAHoii ero 3aAaneii npiio6mew(c k nepe- Aobob pyccKoB TeaTpajibHofi KyjjbType. Opramuaiwa caMocTOHteabHOH My3biKa.ibHoR ctvahh. neneaaaa eS Bcex peaaHCTHHecKoro RanpaBHeHaa. yneHHK B. C. CMbiuuiaeBa, pewaccep

K pafSore b HauHOHaabnoM TeaTpe HacoHOB onrecca cepbe3Ro h aoOpo- coBeCTHO, iiaaoaro CBH3aa c hum cbok> TBopaecKyto *H3Hb, OTjaaan eMy Bee CBOH 3H3HHH H CHJIU. Ot cTyflHH npoJiencyjibTa HacoHOB b3bji Bee aynuiee, ito Tyaa npHHcc CuhiuLiHeii, aKTep mxbtobckoh uiKoahi: cTpeMaeHHe k CU6HHH6CKOH npaBae, peaaHCTHHecKHfi Meroa paSoThi nan pryibio. B to we BpeMB HacoHOB cnatT- jihbo H36ewaji (J>yTypHCTHqecicnx H3MhmiaeHHfl, npouBeTabihhx b xeaTpaab- hoB pa6oTe IlpoaeTKyabTa. B un y Hero h HeKOTopwfi npaKTHiecKHft onuT. Tan KaK op npnesaa b Ka3axcTaH on paSoTan pewnccepoM b TeaTpe HBaHo- BO-Bo3HeceHCKoro npoaerKyabia. K cowaneHHK), HacoHOB He OTjniiaaca bmcokoB xyaowecTBemiofi Kvaa- Typofi, rjiySunofl TeaTpa.ibiioro o6pa30BaHHa. B o6cxaHOBKe rpawaaHCKoft BOHHbi CTyjiHH npoaerayabTa Hacnex roTOBHJiH Kaapbi oils «nepBoro b MHpe npoaerapcKoro TeaTpa», hto OTpHaaxeabHO oxpa3H.iocb na KanecTce noaro- TOBKH. 9T0T HeaOCTaTOK KyflbTypbl H IUHpOKoB TBOp'leCKOfi HHHUHaTHBbI B aaabHefimeM HeSaaroripHHTHo CKa3aaca Ha aesTeabHocTH HacoHOBa. Ho Ha nepBOM 3Tane ero 3H3hhh h oribrra 6bino aocTaToino a an xoro, noSbr 0Ka3aTb cymecTBeHHyio noMomb MoaoaoMy HaoHOHaabHOMy TeaTpy. Oh c lecxbio bu- noanna BhinaBUiyio Ha ero aoaw 3aaaay — 6biTb npoBoaHHKOM pyccKoii xeaT- paabHofl KyabTyphi Ha Ka3axcKyio cueHy, nepeaaTb Ka.saxcKOMy KoaaeKTHsy ocHOBbi aKTepcKoro MacTepcTBa, npeacxaBaeHHe o tbophcckom Meroae ne- peaoBoro coBeTCKoro TeaTpa. Pa6oTa HacoHOBa b nepsue ce30HU ero npe- GbiBaHHH b AaMa-ATe HMeaa orpoMHoe BoenHTaTeabHoe 3HaieHHe, cnocofi- CTBOBaaa 6ucTp0My pocxy KoaaeKTHBa. IlapaaaeabHo c yKpenaeHHeM xyaowecTBCHHoro pyxoBoacTBa TeaTpa npoHcxoanaa h nepecrpofiica ero TpynjiH, coo6pa3Ho c otk33om ot KOHuepT- Hofl aeHTeabHOCTH h nepexoaoM Ha hhcto .apaMaTHiecKafi nyTb. Bee coctosb- niHe b KoaaeKTHBe apaMawiecKoro TeaTpa neBiiu h My3UKaHTU 6unn nepe- BeaeHH oo.uk b (JmjiapMOimio, apyrne — b My3UKajibHhi8 TeaTp. vB My3biKaJibHbiii Teaxp nepemea h pno aKTepoB, oCaaaaBiiiHx apaManr- qeCKHM aapOBaHHeM H XOpOlUHMH BOKa.IbHbJMH aaHHHMH: KypMaH0eK JKaH- aap 6eKoa h IUapa, KaHaCex h Kyamn BaSceHTOBW. Pecny(5aHKaHCKH0 TeaTp OTnycnaa hx c fio-ribuiKM cowaaeirneM. Kyp- MaH6eK c caMoro ochob3hhh TeaTpa 6wa b HeM BeayuiHM axrepOM h 3kthb- hum yqacTHHKOM pewHccepcKofi paSorbi. Kyanui h Illapa b 1929 — 32 roaax HrpaaH bo MHoriix cneKTawiax neayuuie posiu. KanaSeK 3apeKOMeHaoBaji ce- 6n He Toabxo npexpacHbiM apaMaranccKHM aKTepoM, ho h cnoco6HbiM apa- MaxyproM, aaeuiHM TeaTpy yxce pua nbec. Ho, c apyrofi cropoHbi, KoaaexTHB TOpaHaCH TeM, HO BOCnHTaHHbie HM Kaapbl HBHaHCb HapOM BHOBb B03HHK3K>- mero xa3axcKoro MyawKa.ibHoro TeaTpa. HtoSu yxoa paaa Beaymwx apTHcroa He Hapynmji HopMaabHoB pa6ora, TeaTp npHHaa Mepu k nonoaHeiiHio CBoero cocTaea aicrepaMH cneunaabHo apaMaTHiecKoro npoi})Haa. 79

HecwwibKO qejiOBeK6bwo npwMeqeHO H3 pwwepcKoro pa6oiero TeaTpa Pajmep — ojhh H3 KpynHefluiHX npOMHnHieHHHX ueHTpots Ceaepo-BocTOMHO ro KaMxcTaHa. B nepnoa nepBoS nareaerKH ero xo3s0CTBeHHOMy H Kyab TvpHOMy pa38HTHio yaeaaiiocb 6ojibinoe BHHMaHae. Hapaay c apyrHMH B«aa MH Kv.ibTypHOH padoThi noaBBaacb b Paaaepe h xyaowecTBeaHaa caMoaea- TeabHOCTb, a Becaofi 1932 roaa aa ocaoBe «rpaMa» 6ua co3aaH HauHOHaab- huh pafioinS Teaip, obhh H3 itepBbrx npoiJieccHOHaabHUX TeaTpoB b pecny6- aaKe. HaaaaHTb paficny b pHaaepe noMoraaa apracTbi H3 AaMa-Ara, b ihc ae Koropbix oaao BpeMa 6buia Maamce IIIaMOBa. HapnoMnpoc, y3HaB, ito b piiaaepcKoS Tpynne HMeeTca HecxoabKo Ta- .naHT.TOBbix Moaoabix aKiepOB, TyT we peuina Bbi3Baib hx b croanuy aaa yx- peruiemia cocraBa pecnySaHKaHCKoro TeaTpa. JIctom 1933 roaa, nocae CBoero nepBoro ce30Ha, pHaaepcKH® pa6oinS Teaip Bnexaa Ha racrpoaa b CeMHnaaaraHCK. B nepnoa racTpoaeS cioaa 6wa KoMananpoBaH H3 AaMa-Ara npeacTaBHteab HapKOMnpoca, nncaTeab TafiHT MycpenoB, c nopyqemieM npHBJicib ayquiHX aKTepoB-pnaaepoBues b pecny6aHKaiicKHft TeaTp. B incjie npuraameimbix 6ujih /Karaa Ory36aea, UlapHij) MapaeiiOB, ypa3raaa JKyMaryaoB. rionyTHo MycpenoB npncMaTpHBaaca h k TeaTpaabHoS caMoaeaTeab- hocth CeMHnaaaTHHCKa. B KpvwKe neaarorHiecKoro hhcthtvt3 on pa3ucxaa TaaaHTaiiBoro «aio6HTeaa» IliaKeHa AfinaHOBa h nparaacia ero pafioiarb Ha npo^eccHOHaabHoS cueHe. ripoBeaeHiibig MycpenoBUM Hafiop 0Ka3aacH yaanibiM: rpynna moao- aux aicrepoB npoBHO Bomaa b wh3hb pecny&WKaHCKoro TeaTpa. c nPHBaeteHHeM TaaaHTaHBofi Moaoaewn co cropoHu TeaTp axrepcKHx TKaaKa>pKoeBM. ep“ K“ MOCTOHieabHoii naaHOMepHoii noaroTOBKe hobux m K0Merm HapKOMnpoca ot 9 aeKa6pa 1932 roaa npH^ aTpe c Ha6°P°M H3 apawa- pa3H0 C 3THM n r y tm lT ” *06’ Pa6<t>aK0B H UlKOa BTOpOH cryneHH. Coo6- npH TeaTpe c ce30,la 1933/34 roaa Haaaaa TTeppncr„Ko.„e MacTepcreo b HeS^oenonHTSC”H1H'1T0b8lB3a™BIIia31' OKOTO 40 yqaui\"*cfl- Ak‘ re-u Tearpa MP r. HacoHos, ^ w’? eCTBeH\" ,l,a pyKOBOflH‘ axtepoB pyccKoro Teatpa 7 P ~ B' K ^ MK0B- rPHM- oaHH PMBailHH STIOaOB~ TO^MHBHava^HCr TOiUIH npeHMyn*eCTBeHHO B . \"\"?> ^\"CTBOBamiug HacoHoauM v ” acC0BUX- Meroa npenoaaBa- Bofi pa6ora c KasaxcKHMH BA C CwmuiaeBa, Tenepb craa ocho- SlUKM/ ax?, TP“ BK0B» \"3 nbec, o6u™<> yMeKaj,H >,qa' b m cueHa \"3 Bbecti «MoS'flDvr, ^ ? P0MKypce 6bwa npopafioraHa oa- 80 ‘ TOl'qautHec>I c nepBoro roaa ofiyqeHHH

HrpajiH b nocranOBKax TeaTpa — b MaccoBux cueHax h 3nii30Aii<iccKiix pojtHX, h 3to nana.io hm HexoTOphiA npaKTH'iecKHH onuT. OryAHH jia.ia Bcero ABa Bunycxa, npnieM oTceB 6bui oqeHb 3HamiTe- AeH: Tan, b 1935 roAy H3 40 npHHsmjx okohihah Bcero 6 qeAOBex. 143 nop Boro BunycKa b cocraB Tearpa boutah Afluia A6AyAAHHa h KaAxen AAU.ib- mhiiob, H3 BToporo — ATaA6ex JKoAyMCeTOB. Ilofl pyKOBOACTBOM HacoKOBa 6uAa opraHnsoBawa Taxxce y ie 6Han pa- 6oTa — rAaBHbiM o6pa30M no axTepcxoMy MacTepcTBy — aah Bcero xoAAex- THB3. H a 3THX 3aHHTHHX, COCTOHB1UHX npeHMyiUCCTBeHIIO B pa3b!rpUBailHIl &tk>aob, axTepbi ocBaHnaAH hobhS aah hhx motoa BHyTpeHHero onpaBAanxa cueHHqecKoro AeficrBHH. HacoHOB b oahoh H3 ra3enibix craTeft, iianncaaiibix x AecHTHACTHio TeaTpa (1937), BcnoMHHaer, 'ito axrepbi, BKAioiaa h rpynny CTapefluiHX ocHOBonoAo»HHKOB TeaTpa, oxotho nocemaAH ara 3aHnTHd h pa- OoTaAH c yBAe'iemieM. C npnxoAOM HaconoBa pe3xo H3MeHHACa xapaxrep npoH3BOACTBeHHoii pafioTbi TeaTpa, npmeM efi Taxace npHaan BocnaTaTeAbHuA yxAon. BABoe, a to h BTpoe yMeHbuiHAOCb xoAnqecTBO npeMbep 3a ce30H. PaHb- rne TeaTp BwnycxaA b toa 7 — 8, a to h 10 cnexTaxAefi, npaqeM He TpaTiiA mhoto BpcMeHH Ha hx noATOTOBxy. IlocAe 1933 roAa TeaTp craBHA 3a ce30H 3 — 4 nbccu, ho 3aT0 paGoTaA HaA xajxAofl H3 hhx TmaTeAbHeft, npoAOAHci- TeAbHeB, b pe3yAbTaie nero nocraHOBXH aoato AepxaAHCb b penepTyape. MeTOA pafioTH HaA cnexTaxAeM craA 3HaqHTeAbH0 TAyCwe h ocncBa- TejibHefi. HacoHOB 6a3HpoBaACH b TBOpqecxoA paCoTe Ha MeroAe MXATa. Ha &cHCTeMe CTaHHCAaBCXoro*, xoTopaa b Te roAbi ocnapHBaAacb mhothmh, h TeopeTHxaMH h npaxraxaMH, ho qepe3 HecxoAbxo AeT CTaAa ochoboA Bcero coBeTcxoro TeaTpa, xax HaHCoAee 6AH3xaa couHaAHcraqecxoMy peaAimiy. BnepBwe npn HacoHOBe bbcah npaBHAO qHTaTb nbecy BCAyx aah Bcero xoa- AeKTHBa, oOcywAaTb ee, pa36Hpan> ochobh>'io haoio, TorAa xax paHbine ax- TepH yqHAH KaatauA toabko cbok) poAb, He 3iiaa coAepxcaHHH nbecu b uc- aom. 3 to cpa3y noAHHAO HAeAHO-xyAOwecrBeHHoe xaqecTBO cnexTaxAeA.^npii- AaAo hm eAHHyio HeAeycrpeMAeHHOCTb. BnepBbie npnoOpeAa cepbe3HbiA xa- paxTep «3acroAwiaH pa60Ta» HaA nbecoft, bo BpeMS xoropoA pextHccep no- MoraA axTepy ycranoBHTb «3epHO» o6pa3a, «cxB03H0e AeAcTBue> Poah, bh>t - peHHiox) ahhhio noBeABHHH Ha cueHe. HaH6oAee qyrKHe, BAyMqHBwe axTepbi cpa3y itohhah ueHHocTb pyccxoA XyaOHCeCTBeHHOA XyAbTypM, C XOTOpOft OHM3HaX0MHAHCb npH COAeACTBHH HO- soro pyxoBOAHTe.qa. Ohh npHAaraAH ace vchahh, qTo6bi rAy6sxe ocBOHTb npeflAo*eHHu(i hm peaAHCTHqecxHfl mctoa pafiorw HaA o6pa30M. rAyOoxoe BneqaTAeHHe, koropoe npoH3BeAH nepBbie penermuiH no ho- BOMy MeroAy Ha axTepcxyio Maccy, xopomo xapaxTepH3yer oahh H3 xyAb- lypHefiniHx axTepOB Ka3axcxoro TeaTpa KanaH Ba/u>rpoB. «HacoHoB noAXO- Aha k axTepy, — roBopHT oh, — xax nenaror-EOCTHTaTeAh, a He toabko xax pewHCcep-nocTaHOBinHK. Oh cTpeMHACH Hanpaeurb Haiue BHHMaHHe Ha bhvt-

peHHtoK) aopoHy pojm, yiHJi «ac AoSHsarbo b Hrpe tjj npaBAbi, HanoJiHBTb jkhshmo cueimiecKHe naysu, BxoAHTb b o6meHHe c napreepoM. B moaoaocth BneiaweBHe ot hobux Hflcfi cMbHo. CHCTCMa paGora, KOTopyw npenoflabaa HacoHOB, naaoiKHaa othc- MaTOKHa Bcio moio nocaeAyiomyio TBopiecKyio aenTejibHOCTb*._ KoueiHO, lie Becb cocraB TeaTpa oAHHaxoBo npiiima liouufi MeroA- Ak- xepbi crapuiero noKoaeiiHa BbipaGoiaan y*e KawAbiii CBoii iiHAHBHAyaAbHblB iioaxoa k o6pa3y, npHMeiwreAbHo k CBoeii TBop'iecKOii HHAHBiiAyaAbHOCTH, * noabioaaaHCb hm HHTyuTHBHO, AoSimaacb ycnexa is chav cnoero npHpoAHO- ro aarepcKoro AapOBaHHH. OTKa3aTbcn oi naitonaeiiHoro onhrra oim He mw­ ah, HOBHOCHAHB Helt) CymeCTBeHHbie KOppeKTHBhl Ha OCIIOBCIIOAy>ieHHbIXB CTyAHH3liaiIHH. Z^AHHHX3HBKOMCTBOCHepCAOBblMpeaAHCTH'ICCKHMMeTOAOM pafioTbi iiaa poAbio 6uao KpynHHM aianoM na TBopvecKOM nym, DHecAO Cdnbuiyio co3HaTeAbHOCTb b pafioTy, coAeScTBOBaAo AaAbiiciiuicMy hx pocry. MoAOAe*b, npHuieAHiaa b reaTp b Te nepeAOMiibic roAbi, 6uaa ueAHKOM h noAHocrbio BocnHTaiia HaconoBbiM, >iepe3 Hero no3iiaKOMHAacb c oCHOBa- mh pyccKoS TearpaAbHofi KyAbTypbi, c CHCTCMOfi paCorbi HaA poAbio. K lecni BocnmaTeAH naAo npii3HaTb, hto 3Ta rpynna axiepoB, kKOTopoii npmiaAAe- wai IUaKCH AiiManoB, KaAKeii AAHAbiHHOB, KaMaA KapMhicoB, CaGnpa MaiutaHOBa, XCaiyia Ory36aeB, CeflifiyAAa TeAbrapaeB h apyrne, 3apexOMeH- AOBaAa ceGa c Ayqmefi cropoiibi h ABa AeCHTUAenia cocraiiAHAa ochobhoS KocraK Ka3axcKoro AKaAeMHiecxoro Teaipa ApaMbi. C npnxoAOM HOBoro pyKoBOACTBa BbipocAa Taoce MaTcpHaAbHaa KyAb- Typa cneKTanAH. rioBblCHAOCb 3Ha*ieHHe XyAOJKHHKa H KaieCTBO ACKOpaTIIBHOrO 0(j)0pMAe- hhh cneicraKAH. OKOHiaTeAbHo H3* htu Ghah «c6opHbie AenopaiWH*, Aewyp- ™ ” 'ITa Ha * 0He CAyiaSHoro 3aAHHKa, b KOTopax ao sroro iuah MHorae OafioT3m.tr!, ^0aB,,JIHCb Apyrne pyCCKHe XyAOJKHHKH; KpOMe paHbHie A o S “ Ky~axUCT XoA^KOBBa' ” B p a 6 o T y K a 3 a x c K , , f t Xy’ B c n ™ Ba? ,,.T UKaJIbH0CTb Ka3axcKoro 3pHTeAH, ero TpeGoBaniia, 11061* opS d Z r Z , Pu BBOaHJ,acl> “P*™ . ™arp C03A3A iiefioAbuiofl crpyHHbiii H C- H- UlafieAbCKHii. Ohh HHorAa np«rAainaAH Apynix Bbix npSew H Hfi0 \" np0CT° nofl6Hpa-1H “ y^bucaAbHue otpubkh H3 3apoA biiueX M ^opK ^oS°H vS n'i.n^JIHh,MnPaB0M M0* er ciHTaTbca cAeAaHu nonbiTKH neDeAo«iiT^K^ , l‘^ ptl Ka3axcTana. B HeM BnepBue Ouah ckh^ bb r j s r s 3THM”C“OCETaBSOMMCOH?pOBOlKA:«aTeb»BpOonKeaAab-- Hncaa«iHw.Ho«HOaBAabnHimo,f*t MysbiKTaeAaTbHpoaf,l HKOya6beT3Myrp“eup.i“IOr'pa“ci”impp“nA*.

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by: TO IieceT xyaa-iu lannnn, la* naai - avj!r . .laeica 6oabic, OHa 6o»mhbo >KMetca b vroaice. «fl ayMaro, wo .Hiianaa aaBiio jkhbct b ceMbe Coflbica, — roBopHr KypMaHfiaeBa, — BHaeaa mhoto naoxoro. BuBaAH y hhx ii xaHhi, h noa- kobhhkh, ii mhhobhhkh. OHa ot^hhho 3iiaeT 9THX yrHeraTeaeii Hapoaa, HO vSexaeua, wo hx He noficAHTb. 3Ha>iHT, Haao cMHpHTbCii, aaaHTb c hh- MB, A06llBaTbCH HX paCIIOaOJKeHHH. Oc06eHHO lieHSBHAHT flHAhaa )«eHy BMocraoro, )Ky3TafuaK, ho, kohchho, HHKOMy He noKa3UBaeT 3Toro». UpaMaraiecKHc nepe/KimaHHa /ln/ibAH iiaiHuaioTCH c MOMeiiTa, xor- aa ona y3HaeT, wo chh j’xoaht c BOccraBmitM HapoaoM. XosaeBa 3any- nmaiiiieM, yrpcoaMH BHHyiKaaioT ee, 'ito6u OHa aioChiMH cpeacTBaMii oc- lanoBHaa XaHTaca. J(n.ibaa He BepHT b vcnex BOCcraHHH, fioirrca rH6eaif cu«a. rio.THan ropa opocaeTcii ona k HoraM JKaHtaca, yMoaaeT ero hc yxoaHTb, a Koraa Moabfiu He noMoraiOT, roTOBa npoKJiacTb ero. B stoh cue- He 3piiTe;ib aocaaoBaa aa 3a6HTyio erapyio aceHiuHHy, cepanacH Ha Hee, Toraa nax b ocraabHux cueHax othochjich k Heft c CHMnaTHeii. 6BcrpeBo*eHHue bioubom napofliioro nieBa npaBHTejm ayaa coQupa- iotch b rapTe 6awca, wo bi oficyawb amaBmeeca nojiowemie. 3Ta cue- na aasaaa B03MO)KKoCTb pacuiHpHTb couHaabHue paMKH nbecbi h 6oaee 06rojiho noKa3aTb 3piiTe,no npeacraBHTeaeii pa3Hhix caoeB ay.uiioro - 6 60niecTBa. 3aecb oaee uiHpoKo pacKpHBaaca aaa spHTeaa Hypnaa, 6paT - 6auca h KaHaHaaT Ha ero aoa*Hoctb, noHBanBiuHftcs 3tiH3oaimecKn ywe paiibuie b cuene o -biicHemra c Mvphoh. Hcno.iHHTe.Tb graft no.™ Khms-i HOT pVCCKHe CflOBa, np0H3H0CKMble c eBponeiicKHii koctiom, a CBepxyKa3ax- 92

■ckhh xa-iaT, HHorja liaKHHyTbii) Ha n.ienH, HHorAa uaaeTbiii b pyKaBa h noa- EH3aHHfajii nOHCOM. B toh we cuene coOpaHHH y ooauca BnepBhie noaBJiaerca nepea apn- TE.TCM euie oflHH npeflcTaBHTeab npaBamero miacca. araaxaa KuaupGaii. HAH KblAbllU, GAHWafilHHil nOMOlUHHK II COBeTHHK Sanbica, HBAHlOmHHCH KaK 6 u npiiBOAHUM peMHeM Meway hhm h napoaoM. Bbipa3HTeAbiio nrpaji stv pcwib CepKe Kowa.MKy.ioB, Hafifld HCKAiOMHieabHO MeTKyto xapaKTepticTH- kv ofipaaa. KbiAbim — crapuiHHa poaa, npeacTaBHre.'b (jieoaaAbHoii apHCTonpa- thh, oa«H H3 HaHGo.iee yBawaeMux h BAHHTeJibHbix CTapuKOB b ayjie. Ho .B oficTawoBKe uapcKoro KoaoHH3aropcTBa stot npeacTaBirreab ipeoaaabiio ro MHpa tie HMeeT ywe Gbinoro asTopHTeTa, toS BAacra, KOTOpou oOaaaaa XOTH 6bl EcneMfieT. HtOGU COXpaHHTb BHAHMOCTb - aBTOpHTeTa, KbIAblUl aoaweH onHpaxbca Ha uapcKHX 'ihhobhkkob, npecMUKaTbca nepea BJiacTH- MH, JiaKefiCTBOBaTb... HO B TO We BpeMH lie TepHTb h apywGy c liapOAOM, yrowaaTb eMy, 3aHCKHB3Tb nepea hhm. Orcioaa — aBoeayuiHe Kuauuia, npaqymero CBoe ahuo peaKunoiiepa noa MacKofi apyweaioGHfl k Hapoay. orcioaa h BHeiuHOCTb Kbiabiuia: MarKHe ABHweHiw, 3aHCKHBaiouiaa yabi6Ka, BKpaaaHBaa pe'ib. B 3toh we KapTHHe 3pHTeab nojiyaaa acHoe npeacTaBaeiiHe o comi- aabHOfi HanpaBaeHHOCTH npeacTaBiireaefl HauHOHaabHOH HHTeaaHreuuHH, BHBeaeHHUx b cneKTaiore, a Ha hx npHMepe 3H3K0MHJ1CH h c THimmihiMii cyabfiaMH aiifiepaabiioH HHTeAAHreHUHH npeapeBoaioiuioHHbix roaoB bo- ofiiue. Oahh H3 hhx — aaBOKaT KapHM (coKpameHiio K aran), coTpyaHHK ra- ?.eTM «Ka3ax», HBaaerca npeacraBHTeaeM HaefiHoro ueHrpa 6ypwya3Ho-na- uiionajiHCTHiecKHx KpyroB, oh cncuHaabiio npwexaa b aya, 3acjibmiaB o BoaHeiiHH b Hapoae, hto6ij noMoab GoAbicy npoBecra b WH3Hb uapcKiiii yKa3, qroObi bccth neperoBopbi c HeaoBoabHbiMH, ocaafiiiTb chaw napoano ro rHeBa h npeaoTBparHTb BoccraHHe. 06pa3 stot b cneKTaKAe 3nH3oaH- aeH, ho, OAHaxo, oqeHb eawew jl.w noHHMaHHa pa3birpbiBaiomHxcH coGhi- thh. Oh bo Bcefi noAHOTe paaoSAaiaa npeaaTeabCicyio poAb aaauiopauH- cKoro urra6a b ahh BoceraHHa, ero aHTHHapoaHyio cviiiHoCTb b npoTHBOBec RbecaM 6ypwya3HHx iiamioiia.THCTOB, KOTopwe nbrraAHCb npeacTaBHTb AAamopaNHHeB yaacraHKaMH hah aaw e pyKOBOAHTeAHMH HapoaHoii 0opb6bi. 3 r a m npeaaTeaaM Hapoanoro aeaa b cneKTaKAe nporaBonocTaBAen CKpOMHbifl ayabHbifi yqHTeab, MyraAHM Caijia, opramnecKH CBH3aHHbiH co cbohm ayaoM, npoHHKLUHHca HHTepecaMn npocToro Hapoaa. B Haqaae nra- c u oh noAOH eme MeAKo6ypwya3Hbix haakwhh, Haaewa Ha kabccoboc eaHHCTBo HaniiH. Ho wH3Hb bhocht cypoByio nonpaBKy b ero B3raaau h Jio6ywaaeT pemmeAbHO craTb Ha cropoHy BOccTasmux. 06pa3 MyraAHMa Cacjia oGpacoBaH b nbece c Goamhoh AioooBbio, Tma-

TfuibHoCTbK) h rJiy6HHoB. n o aaMMMy KanaHa Baflupoea, HcnwiHHiejia ’“ ft doah, uyraiitM Cacfra noAynui oopaaoBaHae b oAHOii H3 cHOBOMeTOA- Kbix» iukoji oTKpbiTux b npeApeBOAiouHOHiihie roflbt, b MeApece TajiHe. 3aecb onirraA oh b ce6a crpeMABHHe HecTH npocBemeHHC b HapoA, 3A6Cb npoHHKCB OH h CBOTAOH Bepofi b HayKy h 6AaroAyuiHO-AH6epaAbHbiMH Ha- AeamaMH na to, toj HayKa MHpHbiM nyteM, 6e3 peBOAioium npHBeaer «a- aaxCKHH Hapoa K CiacTABBOfi WH3HH. H3 U1KOJ1U BblllieA OH C HHCTOfl Ay- uioh He Tepnamefi .ran a o6Mana, ho c nwinbiM He3iiaHHeM )KH3HH. Oh — BepHufi Apyr >KaHraca, ho b to we BpeMH naHBHO BepHT b Ao6pbie HaMe- peHiw Oo.ibica h KuAMuia, npHHHMaa hx 3a hcthhhhx Apy3eft napoAa. nosTOMy-To npaBiiTeAH ayna h npnrjianiaioT MyramiMa Ha co6paHHe k fiojiucy b iiaAewAe, hto, HMea BAiiaHHe na >KaHTaca, oh nOMOweT oay- paHHTb HapOA. CxpOMHO, BeHUIHBO BXOAHT MyraAHM, C3AHTCH Ha KOBep, no crapHHHOMy Ka3axcK0My oCwaaio npe.viaraeT KyMhic cbohm coceAHM Ha- npaBo h naacBO. BHHMaTeAbHo BbicjiyuniBaer oh cbohx co6eceAHHKOB, c oco6um yBaweimeM othochtch k aABOKaTy Kaxeiiy, Miiemie Koroporo, bu- pawaiomee Toixy 3peiinn ra3eTbi «Ka3ax», ero oieiib HHTepecyeT. Khhw- Hoe Bocmrraime MyraAHMa npoHBAseTCH b ero pasroBope: laero oh ynor- pe&aaeT BUiiiTaumje H3 khht apa6cKiie hah (jiapciiACKHe CAOBa, nenoHHT- Hbie HapoAy. 3 to npHAaer neKOTopufi komh3m ero o6pa3y. HenocpeACTBeHHo npHMMKaA k rpynne Ka3axcKofi HHTejuiHreHUHH b cnMcraioie AencoMhicAeHHbifi iiokaohhhk >Ky3TafiAaK, JKyHyc, 6eenpHmutn- Hbifi h 6e3biAefiHbifi, maAonafi, Kopinmiwii h3 ce6n o6pa30BaHHoro, KyAb- TypHoro HeAOBeKa, ho na caMOM AeAe aocnpHHHBiiiHfi ot ropoACKoft xyAb- Typu TOAbKO BHeaiHHH AOCK, KOCTlOM, Maiiepbl, npHKpblBaKHUHfi (ppaHT0B3- T°fl BHeamocTbio BHyrpeHHioio nycrory. PoAb JKyHyca arpaA )Karaa Ory36aeB, TmaTeAbHo npOAyMaBtnHft «OHorpa$Hio» 3Toro «repoa». Ilo ero MiieHHio, >Kynyc — poaom H3 6afi- CKOHCeMbH. >KllBeT OH B rOpOAe, yiHTCH B pyCCKOli UIKOAe, TOAbKO Ha ACT- hhh OTAbix npHexaa b ayA. YneCa ne nonwa eMy BnpoK, 3aTO caMOMHeHHe \"eo5u'IafiHoe- BHAe.fi paiibuie tukrx ctyachtob b ayAe, — ro- ^ n , „ 5 - 3raa’ ~ npHeansaJiH, paaoAeTbie no-MOAHo.wy, Bbiausaa ^ ~ R\"eoPenM0X- fleTH co Bcero ayaa c6eraAHCb nocMoTpeTb na hhx, “ «“ “ ■ \"» w . . , #.»■ baKH0CTH - 0? i n S noflCTPH* eH«'le 3\"*™. Ha Hocy aah nymefi 3h“ dv7 ropo*aHHHa. B peia ero to h AeAO npocKaAb- oppaaa * * * “ «■■“ B “ ““««• Oryafiaea b TpamoBKe HRHUM PnanBHJ,I'HOfi “ “ “ i 0 h JPWCw m iw ero He TOM, KOTopnii He’ Mower npHcrTreT— 6ecxpe6eTHb,M \"HTeAAHren-

to hh 6u.no Mopa^bHhix ycToeB hah nojiHTH'iecKHx yOeiKfleHHii. Oh He mvb- CTByer ce6a cbohm b Kpyry Ocwiuca, oh He Bpa*Ae6eH BoccraHHio, no u' to * e upeMa 6e3 KOJiefiaiiHa craHOBHTcn iiniHOHOM n ripeaaTeaeM, jiHiub ou sacayjKHTb 6jiarocK.ioiiHocTb cBoefl B03aio6aeHHofi >Ky3TaiiaaK. Meacay TeM k ropTe 6o aaca noAxoAHT npeACTaBirreAH Hapo.ua, Bcrpe- BOWeHHOrO CnyXaMH 0 M06HAH3aiIHH H 0 TOM, 1T0 CITHCKH M06HAH3yeMblX cocTaBJiaaiicb He no 3aK0Hy, npHCTpacTHO, coo6pa3HO c HHTepecaMH (peo- na.ibHo-CaiicKOH BepxymxH. Bo rjiaBe Hapo,aa — TKairrac h ero 6AH5xaiiniHii apyr 11 HacTaomiK Ta- Heice, crapHK c MOAOAOii, noAiioti chjih Ayrnofl. Topaao npHHHMaeT oh k cepAuy npoHCxoflauwe coGhthh, c johouicckhm 3aaopoM iiaeT 6opoTbca 3a ciacTbe uapoAa. «Mhb Tax pHcyeTCH ero *H3Hb, — paccxa3MBaeT KajiHSex KyaHum- naeB, HrpaBuiHi'i 3Ty poAb. — TaHexe — 6eAHax, MHoro HaTepneAca ocxopn- aeHHH, o6ha ot pa3Hbix 6aeB, boaocthhx HaaaAhHHKOB, hihobhhkob. Oh BcerAa OTAiiaaAca HecAepjxaHHUM, pe3KHM xapaKTepoM, lie cxpbiBafl CBOcro B03MymeHHH Toft HecnpaBeAJiHBOCTbio, KOTopyio BHAea BOKpyr. 3a ero npa- MOTy eMy HetiaAO AOcraBaAOCb. riocTeneHHo TaHexe npoHHKca HeHaBHCTbio ko BCSKOMy HaaaabCTBy. JU bho naxnneAo y Hero HcejiaHHe xoTb oahhm KyjiaKOM ynapHTb no sthm rnanxaM c KOKapAaMH. BoccraHne OTxpbiBaer nepeA hhm Taxyx> bosmowhoctb. He 6oacb CMepra, peuiHTeAbHO, paAOCTHo CTan oh b pbau BoccTaBtniix. B CTHaxax c HaaaAbCTBOM, b 6htb3X c BparoM TaneKe He npaaeTca 3a cnnHy ApyrHX, oh BcerAa BnepeAH, BcerAa xwnHT, npa- mo BbicKa3hiBaer, vro y Hero Ha yMe. H 3to, ecTecTBeimo, BfaiABHHyno ero b BOJKAH BOCCTaHHSS. CMeAbIMH M33KaMH C fiOAbUIOH ySeAHTeAbHOCTblO pHCOBBA KaAH6eK 9T0T o6pa3 o6aaieiibHoro CTapHKa, npocTOAyuiHoro xax pe6eHox, Mywecr- BeHHoro h ao KOHua npeAaHHOro HapoAy. 3 toh xapaxTepucTHXe BnoAHe cooTBeTCTBOBaAa h BHeiHiiocrb TaneKe: xyAoniaBbia, bhcokhA, c He6ojibuioft OCTpOKOHeiHOfi CeAOfi SopOAKOfi, C pe3KHMH CTpeMHTCAbHbIMH ABHHteHHHMH, BHepraiHofl peibio. TaHexe bo raaBe B036yxcAeHHofi mnnbi BpbiBaeTca b xoMHaiy 6oAbica. Oh ncpBbiM noHBAaerca b ABepax. KorAa 6paT fioAHca Hypxan 3aropa- >KHBaeT bxoa, TaHexe oahoA pyxoft miacTHo oTerpanaeT ero b cropoHy, Apy- rofi npH3biBaeT Boflra ocTaabHbix. Oh ne ayBCTByeT CMymeHna nepeA co6- paBuiHMHca naaaabHHxaMH, HaoCSopoT, AepwiiT ce6a Bbi3biBaiome: caAHTca cxpecraB Horn, noA6oHeHHBiiJHCb, npaMO npoTHB CoAbica, 3aTew wpaano ot- BopaaHBaerca h Atraib Hcxoca norjiHAHBaer Ha Hero. Pe3X0, rHeBHo 3bv- hht pe'ib TaHexe. I7pe3pHTe.ibHO othochtch oh x aABoxaTy a.iamopAbiHuy, h ABxe caMoe AacxareAbHoe coxpameHnoe hmh ero «KaxeH» npoH3HOCHT c noAtepKHyTbiM npe3peHHeM. IipeACTaBHTejiH HapoAa 3aaBnawT npoTeer nporas Mo6H.iH3auHH, Tpe- CyiOT, HTofibi 60Abie MafixaH noxa3an hm cnncxH Mo6HAH3yeMbix. HaiH-

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