Львов Н.И. Казахский академический театр драмы

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Aap noxHTHT EanH». Becb cxcaBuiHCb b komok, npHceB Ha oaho KOJieHO, Ha- uienrbiBaer }KaHTbiK crapHKy, a caM Bee BpeMH oneflHT, KaKoe BneiaTfleHHe npoH3BOAHT ero cAooa: crapHK npHHHMaeT stot coBeT, 3HaHHT, mojkho hath Aaflbiue. AflbLib'iHHOB xoporne nepeflaeT KopucTo.’iioGHe, a.mHOCTb /KaiiTbiKa, ero scaHfly OBAafleTb TaGynaMH KapaGaa. >KaHTbIK— AOBKHH npOHAOXa. Hh C KCM H3 OKpyxealOlUHX OH He HCKpe- HeH, ot Bcex npaier cboh 3aMNCAhi, cBoe Hcnnmoe ahao nofl MacKofi, H3MeHn- K>me0CH B 33BHCHM0CTH OT oGCTOHTeAbCTB. riepefl KapaGaew oh pa3birpuBaeT poflb noiTHTejibHoro poflCTBeHHHKa: c coGaqbefl noKopHocrbio cmotpht eMy b maza, oaHiierca, iioflAaKHBaeT. C Basu oh oGpaiuaerCH KaK floGpufi ahah, KOTOpbifi 3iiafl ee eme AeBO'i- koB, Gbiji ee HacTaBHHKOM. Oh oGHHMaeT AeBynmy, .aacKOBO raaAHr no rono- Be, ToponHTCH cooGiUHTb paflocrayio sectb: oreu corAacHAca BbiAaTb ee 3a Ko3H. Ho nocAe ee yxofla JKaHTUK 3AopaAHO xoxoieT: «3x, bn, AeraoBepHaa MWiOAeatb, Tenepb bn bcccan, a kohhhtch abao ropbKHMH CAe3aMH». TpyflHee Bcero oGoflra Koflapa. K Hewy >Kamb!K aBAaeica nofl MacKofl AoGpoxeAaTeAbHoro Apyra. Ho Hrpa He BnoAHe yflaeTca. KoAap pa3raANBaeT KOBapcTBO JKaHTNKa, bhaht ero ABoeAyuiHe. 0-rciOAa ocoGaa ocropowHocrb /KaiiTHKa. B pa3roBope c KoAapoM on Bee BpeMa iiacropowe, a to, aero aoG- poro, stot Heo6y3flaHHNfl Garup b npnnaAKe rHeBa Mower 3aAymnTb hah npH- pe3aTb. TeM CHAbHee BHyrpeHHee AHKOBaHHe XaHTbixa, KorAa KoAap 3any- TUBaeTca b ero cetax. Men 6oAbme 3Ao6a OBAafleeaeT flyuioft KapaGaa, TeM Mpamiee, yrpiOMee craHOBHTCH oh. Ha pe3Kofi cMeHe HacrpoeHHfl cTpoHA KowaMKyAOB 3th cue- hu. KapaGaB to Mpawo yrAyGAeH b cboh pa3MHuiAeHHH, hh Ha hto He oGpa- maa BUHMaHHH, to Bflpyr bmxoaht H3 ceGa, BnaAaer b hchctobctbo. Birecro TOTO, MTOGn GAarOCAOBHTb Ko3N, OGpaTHB AaflOHH BBepX, OH MpaHHO IlpOTH- rHBaeT k HeMy pyKH AaflOHHMH bhh3. 3 to 03HaaaeT upoKAHTHe. Bcaefl yxo- AauieMy Ko3N oh GpocaeT ropcTb 30an. 3 to 03HaiaeT: yGnpaBca h He bo3- Bpawaflca, htoGn h uieaa TBoero He ocraAocb. IlepeA OTitoieBKoft oh naAxofi GbeT iopTy, Hanoca stum ocKopGAeHHe AOMauiHeMy oaary. «ToAbKo AypHwe akjah c aepHNM cepAueM MoryT nocTynaTb TaK», — pa3bacHacT HapoA. OAHOMyXaHTbiKy BepHT KapaGaB h AeAaeTBee no ero yna3Ke: oTCNAaeT Ko3N k MaTepH, a can c ceMbefi OTKoaeBNBaer b roAOAHyio cTenb. JKaHtuK crapaTeAbiio AeAaer bha, hto HHCKOAbKO He 3aMeuiaH bo BceM npoHCxoAa- meM: cToa b cropOHKe, Ha6AiOAaeT oh, Kan ocymecTBAaeTca ero 3a«biceA, hh bo ir o He BMeniHBaeTca, TOAbKo BCeMcoMyBCTByeT h noAAaKHBaeT. KaK 3Mea CKOA63HT OHHOCHflHe: TO npHT3HTCH 3a npHHyAflHBO H30THyTNM KOpHeMCaK- cayAa, to He3ajieTHO riOAKpaAbiBaeTca, caAHrca Ha koptohkh h H3-sa AepeBa noACAyuiHBaeT pa3roBopu. XaHTbiK y*e npeABKyuiaeT MHHyry, KorAa, ocraBiiwcb naeAHHe co cra- Phkom, cMO*eT yMopHTb ero h saBAaAeib TaGyHaMH. IIosTOMy XaHTUKa np«-

boast b fieiueHCTBo KcmeSaHHS Koaapa, ne wenaxjwero noxHTHTb BasH cimoS. Konap noHHMaer cboio wa/ixyw pcwib, npe3Hpaer ce6s 3a C0103 c )KaH- TblKOM, IIH30CTb KOTOPOTOCMy HCH3. «K0My H flOBepiMCS! —BOCKJ1HU3CTOH. — Pa3Be He 0 Hen hact onyx, mo oh noAAnfi, Rax caTana, oh c6pocnr Mem b nponaob!* Ho CTpacTbocaerauia Koaapa oxoHiaTgjibHO, ohHe bCHJiax Bbip- Batbca H3 onyraBiuefl ero nayraiiu. «Mhc xonuiocb, — roBopHTaxTep, — b bthx cuenax noAsepwiyib HcxpeH- Htoio jno6oBb Koaapa k BasH. Koaap jhoCht Basil, n03T0My-T0 oh tie corna- uiaeTCH yee3TH ee conoft, KaK npeAJiaraeT XCaHrax. Ero nyraer MblCJib «Ha- KpyrHTbHa xynax iuenxoBbie Aemi'ibH kocn, mo aojiwhh 6u noKombcs Ha mo- efi rpyaa*... IIoHypHB rojiOBy, Rax noforras coBaxa, xoaht Koaap 3a BasH. MeacAY teM HeoixmaHHo B03BpamacTCS Ko3h, sax pa3 b momcht, xorfla Koaap nuTaeTCH b nepBufi pa3 o6HSTb Basil. r]OHB.ieHHe repos HeH3MeH«o Bbl3blBa.T0 B3PHTeJlbH0M 3a.ieatlJIOAHCMeHTbl, KOTOpbie Bbipawa.il! cosyBCTBBe BOMioOseHiibiM. BcTpeia c Ko3bi — oaho H3JiymiHX Mecr b Hrpe BasH -}Ka.i- MyxaMfieroBofl: HewHocrbio nonius ee npHBeTCTBHs, HCKpemieii paAocmo cbc- tstcs ee rjia3a. C npHC3AOM Ko3h XaiiTUK He npespamaeT fiopbSbi: nocAHiiox Anyx co- nepiiHKOB—Aeno ero pyx. Ho no6esaaer b noeamiKe Ko3u. }KaHTbix eaiia ycneBaeT cnacra Konapa ot KHHwana nofieaiirejiH. Ilocne noeAHHxa cnejyeT cueHa npHMHpeims conepHHKOB. «rio MoeS TpaxiOBKe, — rooopHT AfiManoB,--Ko,iap coBepuierao Hcxpeiwe npHMHpsei- cs c Ko3h. Koaap iieaypiiofi senoBex, 011 Tojibxo oc.ien.icH CTpaabio. 3tot 6aTbip Be.ier ce6s Kan peOeHox, oh caM yawBaeii xew yMHpoTBopeHHeM, koto- poe HcowHAaiino BOABOpHnocb b ero cepaae. flBmxeHHS ero craHOBSTCS war- khmh, r.ia3a cbctstcs iioSpoM h ciacTbeM. 3aecb s ucnoMHHS cobct CraHH- cnaBCKoro He xpacmb 3.ioacs OAiiofi xpacxoft, a b 3.iom Hcxan. aoSpoe*. CoBceM HHase othochtcs k STOMy npHMHpeHHio )KaHTUX. Koe-xax bm- ,’iaBHn oh B3 ce6s npHBeniHBbie CJiooa: «JInuib 6bi na/io-iro, moh mh-iucs. Ho b ayiue Bee nepeiiyTanocb, sax tot KOpeHb caxcayna, 3a kotophm 011npsTaji- cs. Oh syBCTByeT ce6s sax 3Mes, y xoropofl OTopoaHa nonoBima Tena, HHiero ' Boxpyr ce6s He bhaht, ha b ero Aynie, a pyxa cyAopowno KOMxaeT ro-ieiiHiue canora. Ho oh He pa36«T oxoHiaTenbHo: «3 B03bMy CBoe, —AyMaeT oh. — 3Mes, y xoTopoS noaoBHiia oTopBana, Bee we MoweTyxycirrb*. Becb sa CBoero cepAUa cofiHpaeToh, ito6u H3AeBxo0 HaA KoAapOMcho- Ba pa36yAHTb b mm HeHaBHCTb k Ko3u. H are ewe pa3 yAaercs. KoBapHhie HacMeuixii )KaHTUxa nopowAaioT npewHHft xaoc b Aywe KoAapa, tiysHTea- Hyio <5ypx> crpacTefi. Oh 6beT ce6s xy.iaxaMH b rpyAb, aaTCM, wnpoxo pac- ctbbhb pyxn, Spocaercs BnepeA, xax fiyATOBonpoma's ne6o, mo Aenan. Aanb- me... h. BHe3anno 3aBepTeBiimcb Ha oahom MecTe, cpaweiiHuft, nanaer aa 3eMJ,l°- 3 tOT MOMeHTBHCOXOro SMOUHOHajIbHOTO HanpaweHHS CHJIbHOHCMe- no curpaH KonapoM-ASMaHOBbiM. Tenepb KoAap mwiHOCTbio b pyxax )KaHTbixa. B hchctobctbo npaxoAHT 202

OH, BHAH, KaK HeHCHO oSHHBUlHCb CHflST K03U H BaaH. XfiataH BJlOWeHHblft eMy b pyKy KHHwaJi, oh hohth 6ecco3HaieJibHO ooiuaeT ero b ciihhv Ko3h. CnpaiaBiuHCb, KaK 3Mea, 3a caKcay.io.M, )KaHThiK Ha6jnoaaeT 3to ySniicTBo, na kphk noaSeraeT k Koaapy h nbnaerca eme pa3 CMrpaTb cboio aBoflHyio, aaw e TpoiiHyio nrpy. JUa aroaeft BOCKAHuaer: «TaKoe HecauxaHHoe 3,ioaefi- ctbo!» OflHOBpeMeiiHO noaMHrHBaeT Koaapy, a MbicaeiiHo TopwecTByei: «HaKOHeu-TO peniHTeJibiibifi mar caejiaH». Ho npmuea h ero KOHeu. Ywe pac- KaiiBaHCb b cbocm noa-TOM yfiaflCTBe, Koaap 3aKajibiBaeT /KanibiKa... HaHMeuee yaa'ina b cneKTamie nocneanaa cueHa — y rpoCimubi Ko3bi. 3 ra arena amirnHs, tan KaK cyat>6a Bcex aeflCTByromrix jihu Bnojme onpeae- jiHJiacb. OHa 6e3aeiicT8eHHa, cocioht H3 paaa orae.ibHbix buxoaob, KaK 6bi noaBoaaruHx mor wibhh Kawaoro ;mua. Bot noaBjiaexca KapaOafi. Oh co­ rnea c yMa h Bctoay HineT Boabi aaa norH6uiHx b nycrbrne TadyHOB. EMy Ha cxieHy HBaaerca Koaap, toare noay6e3yMiibiii, c SaywaaioiunMH raa3aMH, pac- TepaHHbifl, ocyHyBuiHiica. MyaHMbifl yrpbi3einiaMH coBecTH, on oraaeT ceda b pyKH npaBocyaHH. 3aTeM npaxoaHT KyHeKeS h Mannaa; MaTepn onaaKiiBaiOT cyabCy cbohx aexefl. riocaeaHHfi buxoa—•Baarr. OHa npomaeTca c wrnKbro h 3aKaabiBaeT ce6a KHHWaaoM. y aKTepos b STofi cueHe «eT aKTHBHbix 3aaaa, ohh 6eaaeHCTBeHHbi. OTCioaa — naiirpbmi b H3o6paweHHH 6e3yMaa u ropa, ot- croaa — HencKpeHHaa aertnaMauHa b Monoaorax. ycnex cneKTanaa «Ko3U-Kopnem — BaaH-Cyay» o6ycaoBaen h aoctohh- -CTB3MHcaMoii nbecbi, h upeupacHoft arpofl 6oAbuinHCTBa aKiepoB, KOTopbie cy- wenH HanoariHTb o6pa3bi rayCoKoii mhcamo, corpeTb HCKpeHHKM nyBCTBOM. PewHccep b noaHOM coraacHH c bbtopckhm 3aMbicaoM TpaKTOBaa axy nbecy Ha cueHe KaK poMaHTHuecKyio aereuay, apaiay CoabuiHX cxpaciefl h xa- paKTepoB. Oh cxpeMHaca cocpeaoTOiHTb bhhmbhhc 3pHTeaa Ha ochobhux re- poax, He pacnuaaa ero Ha waccoBuc cueHbi. OanaKo oxcyTCTBHe MaccoBUx cueH BocnpHHHMaaocb 3pHTeae»i KaK He- aocraroK cneKxaKaa, npHaasaao apaMe H3aHiiiHe hhthmiiuh oTxeiioK. B Hefi HeaocxaTomro noaaepKHyT couaa.ibHbia xapaKTep KOHijwiHKTa. 3a CTpaaa- HiraMH Ko3bi h BaaH He 6uao BHano CTpaaaHufi Hapoaa, npHTecHaenioro Ka- paSaeM. Bot yrHaHU xaSyHbi KapaBaa. Kaxofl nepenoaox aoawho 3T0 Bbi3BaTb b ayae! Ho cuena He noKa3biBaeT nepenoaoxa, oahh CTOHyuiH# KapaOaii nonB- jiaeTca nepea 3pnTeaaMH. Tax we 6e3JiioaHo na cueHe b MOMeiiT, Koraa Ka- pafiaii o6w m aer Hapoay csoe peuieHae BbiaaTb BaaH 3a Keen. ilciicTBHH raaBHbfx repoeB He HaxoAHAH ce6e noaaepwKH h otkahk3 b boaiichhh Hapoa- Hoii Maccu. 3aMbicay pewaccepa cooTBercxBOBaaH haeKopauHH xyaowHHKa MHxeeBa. O h coKpaTHa aepnaao cueHbi nopTaaoM, Bbipe3aHHbiM b (JropMe ropTbi. fleitcr- BHe pa3BepxuBaaocb b 9to8 paMKe, Ha ijroHe 6e3aoHHoro roayforo He6a. Mec- to aeHCTBHa onpeaeaaaH cxynue aaKOHHMHbie aeTaaH Ha nepaoM naaHe: bh- 203

imibmammaa H3-3a nopTaua nonoBHHa ropra, KOpeHb aepeBa, cBHcaronuie PCneKTawib «Ko3U Kopnera — EauH-Cyny* Bome-i b Hcropmo Ka3axcxo- ro AKaaeMH'iecKoro TeaTpa Kan nepBUfi cepbe3Hufi onur cueHHHecxoro bo- n.iomcHHa Hapofliiofi annecKoft nosMH. B 1944 rofly cnexTaioib 6hui xaniiTajibHO BcraoSnoBJieit b hoboi! noCTa- iiobkc AyOaxapa HcMaunoBa c npe*HHMHKcnonHHTejiHMH, xpoue Kosu, pwu KOTOporo— B3aMeH noniQuiero Ha (j)poHTe apiHCta YpaarajiH JKyMaryaoBa — iicnoaHB.1 Kawaa KapMUCOB. HcMaiiaoB nompa.ica b cBoeS nocTanoBKc ycrpaHHTb HexoTopue neao- HeTu, aonyuieiiHue HaconoBUM: noKaaaji Ha cueHe napoa, KOTopbiii coryB- CTByeT Kean h noaaepxiHBaeT ero. Ho B3asieH Toro noHBHHHCb apyrae He- AOCTaTKH, oco6eHHOb aenopauHSix. 0(fiopMas.i cneKTatuib xyaojKHHK HapuoMCXiifi. fl.ia Kawaofl napTHimoh HSTOTOBna WHBOnHCllUfi 3aHHHK, BCTHJleHpaiTCKHXMHHHanop, CH30fipaJKeHH- eiu cnaji. aepeBbeB h ijmryp whbothux: Ta6yiiu .louiapeft oxoao ropra Kapa- 6as, rarp b ropax, Bep6aioau b 6e3BoaHofi crenH, Bo-raefiiiaa nraua h Tiffly- mascH k Heii Moaoaaa aaHb y moiwih Ko3H. flexopauHH sin c 3acTUBUiHM» (parypaMHjkhbothwx hmmh bus namio, noBeuieHHhix Ha cpeHe, a He whbok npapoau Boxpyr aeScTByioiuHx jiho. Ohh npHaaisa.iH Hey6eauTeJibHufi h yc- aoBHhiHxapaxTep BceMy cneKTaxax). B TpeTHfi pa3 nbeca 6ujia BoccTaHOBJieHa Ha cueHe Ka3axcxoro Tearpa ywe b nocaeBoeiiHUH nepaoa, b 1954 roay, peixiiccepoM M. H. rojiba&iaTOM. Ha ocHoae cnexTaxaa Bcaea 3a tcm 6ua co3aau Knno4mabM «no3.wa o a»6- bh», Bbmymemibifi Ha sxpaHbi b siae 1954 roaa. ycnex cnexTaxaa Ha Ka3axcxoft cueHe cnocofcraoBau nony.iapHoaa nbecu TaCHTa MycpenoBa h ee Bbixoay aaaexo 3a npeaeau pecnyfijiaxa. nocTaBjieHa oHa 6huia h Ha pyccxofi cueHe, b uacniociH b Mocxse, h Ha Tatapcxofl cueHe b Ka3aHH, h Ha xopeBcxofl cneiie b ym-To6c, h b apynix Ha- UHOHaubHbixTeaTpax, HauOojiee 3iiauHTeubHaH H3 sthx nocTaHOBox nosmiuiacb. b HHMe 1950 roaa Ha cueHe MocxoBcxoro apaMarauecxoro Tearpa, noa py- K0B04CTBOMC. MaiiopoBa, noa naaeaHHeM «Ho3Ma o 3ik>6b!1»'5. OrjbiBbi o cnexraxae OTMeuanH, hto TeaTp BepHo nepeaaa couHajiumft CMbiCJi nbecu h ee HauHOHaabHuii xonopHt. CnexTaxjib 6hu npimuT xax noa- TBepwaeiiHe pocra xa3axcxofi upaMaTypraH, xax paaocTHoe h Bonnyiouxee cbh- aeTejibctBo coapyxeenia HauHoHaabHux xy.ibTyp.

huh TeaTp c bucokoA Ky^bTypoH cneKTawia, c nepeAOBoft TexHHKOft Ha cueHe. 3 tot nepHOA pa3BHTHH TeaTpa pe3K0 oTAHiaAcn ot npeauaymero xapax- Tepo»! xyAowecTBeHHoro pyKOBOACTBa. Ha cMeny p«KHCcepan-caMoyqKaM H3 •cpeaw caMoro KowieKTHBa, coBepuieHHO He no;iroTOBJieiiHbiM k t3koh oTBercr- BeHHOfl AeflTejibHOCTH, b Tearpe c 1932 roAa nouBHAHCb pewnccepu H3 pyc- •CKoro TeaTpa c npoipeccHOHajibHoft noAroioBKofl h cueHHiecKKM onbiroM. Ohh c6jih3UAH Ka3axcKHfl TeaTp c pyccKOH xyAOwecTBeHHofl KyAbTypoA, npHHecAH «a ero cueny TBOptecKHfl MetOA nepeAOBoro coBeTCKOro TeaTpa. Xoth hh oahh H3 hhx He OTseqaA BceueAo TpefioBaHHHM pacTymero Ha- HHOHaabHoro TeaTpa, OAHaKOy KawAoro 6hah cboh iio-iowHTeAbiiue xaiecTBa. Ot KajKAoro H3 hhx KOJiaeKTHB B3HAto Jiymuee, mto Buao b ero TBOpiecKOM M. HacOHOB — peKHCcep peaAHCTHiecKoro HaripaiiAeHHa — Aeaan cnex- T3KAH AoCpOCOBeCTHO, AOfiHBaHCb CIKHHHeCKOfi npaBAbl, npeAOCTaBAHH UlHpO- Kyio HHHUHaTHBy CaMHM HCnO.1HHTe.THM, OCofieHHO B nbecax HaUHOHa.TbHOTO penepTyapa, npH H3o6pa*eHHH xa3axcxoA whsiih. FlocTaHOBKH ero He ucxa- xaJin nauHOHa/ibHofi npHpoAbi Teaipa, ho h He buhbahah ee AOCTaToiHOHpKo, km He xsaTaAO TBopnecxHX Aep3aiiHfi, rayBoxoA h CBewefi pexuiccepcxoA mhc- jih. 3a miaccHKy Hbcohob Bpanca hcoxotho, HeAOCTaToino naaeacb Ha cboh CHAbI, CTOpOHHCb IViyfiOKHX H CAOWHWX06pa30H. ilpyrne pewHccepu — KD. PyTKOBCKHft, H. Bopoo, M. Cokoaobckhh— OTAHHaAHCb Bailee uihpokhm TBopMecKHM pa3MaxoM, noAxOAHAH k nocraHOB- xe c onpeAeAeHiibiM pexcHCcepcxHM 3aMUCA0M. HeKOTopbie cAenaHHbie hmh cneKTaKAH, xax, HanpHMep, «TyHra capbiH*, «ApHcroKpaTbi», «HeAOBeK c py*beM», BblAeAHAHCb HpKOCTblO 06pa3OB, Bblpa3HTeAbHOCTblO MH33HCUeH. OAiiaKO KpynHbiM HeAOCTaTKOM Bopona Bbino ero «AHKTaTopcxoe», a He neAarorn'iccKoe oTHomeHHe k HcnoAHHTeAbcxoMy KOAAeKTHBy. B ero nepBbix nOCtaHOBKaX— «ApHCTOKpaTbI» H «PCBH30P»— HafiAKIAaAHCb ijjopMaAHCTH- necKHe TeHAeHutiH. 3 to Bha HanCoAee (JwpMaAHCTHiecKHfl 3ian b pa3BHTHH TeaTpa. KpHTHMecKHe cra-rbH b ra3eTe «flpaBAa» npoTHB (popMaAHCTHiecxoro HanpaBACiiHH b TeaTpe nofiynHAH Eoposa nepecMorpeTb cboh TBopaecKHe no- 3HUHH. rioiACAyiOlHHe CTOnOCTHHOBKH— «AMaHrCAbAU» H«A.1Ma BarWH- Aa» — BunoAiiciibi b pcaAHCTii'iecKOM inane. M . Cokoaobckhh, HaiaBuuiH cboA tboptcckhh nyrb o JleHHiirpaACKOM rpaMG nocTaiiOBKaMH (popMaAMCTHiecxoro nAana, k MOMdiTy npnxoAa b Ka3axcKHH Tearp 3Ha«iHTeAbH0 nepecTpoHACH b cbohx B3rAHAax Ha pexHecy- py. riOAOJKHTeAbHblM Kai€CTD0S1 COKOAOBCKOTOBblAO XOpOIHee 3H3HHe CUeHbl h ee Bbipa3KTeAbHbix cpeACTB, yMeHHe noACxa3aTb axTepy npaBiwbHufi nyTb k nocTHweHHio o6pa3a. Bucoxan TpefioBareAbHOCTb CoxoAOBCKoro k xaiecTBy penepTyapa, CMeAOcTb pewwccepcxoA mhcah oxasaah rAyfioKoe BoenHTareAb- iioe BAHHHHe Ha KOAAeKTHB. Hmchho npH HeM Ka3axcKHfl Tearp Bnepoue no- 3H3K0MHA 3PHTCAH COCTpOBCKHM H IIIeXCnHpOM, C03A8A nOAHOUeHHbie oBpa- 3 « cobctckhx Aiofleii b nbecax xa3axcxoA h pyccxofi ApaMaiyprHH. 205

HauHOHa.ibHH0 Teaip iwibKo ioraa aocraraeT noAHofl xyAoxecTBeHHO0 3peaociH, bo boo tuHpb pacKpuBaeT cboh HauHonajibHuft xapanrep, xoraa bo raaBe ero craHOBarca xyaowecTBeHHbie pyKOBopmeJiH H3 cpeau caMoro koji- JI6KTHB3, OpraHHieCKH CBfl3aHHbie C 6HTOM, C XH3HMO CBOero Iiapoaa, BblABH- HyBiuneca Oaaroaapa cbohm aapoBaHHHM. K caoxho0 npoSaeMe co3aauHa b reaTpe cbohx pyKOBOAHiUHx icaapos teaTp BiuioTiiyio noAOiueA b 1938—39 ro.iax, xoraa b HeM nomiMHCb cboh HauHOHaabHue peHmccepbi H3 cpeibi Ka3axcK0H MOJioiejKH, nonyaHB- uiHe npoipeccHoiiajibHyio noflroTOBKy b MocKBe, — Acnap Tokmhob h Ay6a- khp Hcmbhaob. Bcaba 3a tcm, b 1940 rofly, Ha AOAxnocTb xyAOweCTBeHHoro pyKOBOAmwia TeaTpa 6ha bhabhhvt h3 aicrepcKoro KOJiACKTHBa Kanaa Ba- AupoB, Taxwe npoaBHBuiHfi CKAOHHOCTb k pexwccype. IlepBue hx pafioTM— «HcaTaft—MaxaM6eT», «A6a0», «Mapa6a0»,. «)KoAAaCTap»—aBHAHCb 60AblIlHM AOCTHXeHHeM H lia'ia.lOM HOBOro 3T3- na b pa3BHTHH TeaTpa. HaCOHOB, PyTKOBCKHft, COKOAOBCKH0 npa BCeft HCKpCHHOCTHHXXeaaHH* coAeScTBOBaTb pa3BHTHio Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa Bee x e HeAOCTaroiHO3H3ah Ka- 3axcraH, HMejintoahco noBepxHOCTHoe npeACTaBAeHHe o xh3Hh h 6uTe Ka3ax- ckoto HapOAa. HoBue pexHCcepw H3 cpeflbi caMoro KOAAeKTHBa cnocofiHbi 6hah ao koh- ua noHHTb HauHOnaJibHbiH xapaxTep Tex aioach, Koropbix hm npeACTOHAObh- BecTH Ha cueHy. C noflBAeHHeM sthx pexHccepoB AocTHrajiocb noAHoe ejiHH- ctbo MexAy axTepcKHM koaackthbom h ero TBOpqecKHM pyKOBOACTBOM,— eAHHCTBo, co3Aaroiuee HaHAynuiHe vcaobhh aah pacKpuras nauHOHaAbHoro HeHTeAbHOCTb HaUHOHaAbHHX pCXIICCCpOB B npeABOeHHhie TOAbl 6bUia IIAOAOTBOPHOfl. Ora CiaCTAHBO II3f>CXaAH Tex «rpeXOB MOAOAOCTHJ, KOTOpbie nacre HafiAiojaiOTca y naiHHaiomHX nocTaHOBBWKOB: (SecnpHHQHnHoro <pop- MaAHCTHHecKoro HOBaropcTBa, BHemHero KorapoBaHHH noAXBaieHHbix b Moc­ KBe oGpa3i|OB, SecnoMouiHoro noBropeHHH yxe npofiACHHux TeaTpoM sranoB. H Boofinie nocAeAHH0 npeABoe«Hbi0 ce30H 1940/41 roAa, npomefluiH0 noa xyAoxecTBeHKUM pyKOBOACTBOM Kanana BaAbipoBa, 6ha oahhm H3 iiaa6o- Aee cepbe3Hbix ua bccm nyro pa3BHT«a TeaTpa, OorarbiM no KOAHqecrey noc- TaBACHHbix cneicraKAe0 («OraH yuiyH», «A6a0», «Mapa6aft», «XoAAacTap>, «EereHnn TpaHAe»). AKTepcKoe MacTepcTeo kojuiskthbs AKaaeinuvecKoro TeaTpa 3a row npeABOeiiHux nsmuieroK neroMepHMO B03pocAo b peay.ibTaTe ocBoeHM pyc- cko0 xyAOxecTBeHHoO KyAbTypu. KaAHOeK KyaHhiumaeB H3 HapoAHoro kc....... ^ ....... ......... „ cropoHHero aKTepa, CHAbHoro h b ApaMaraiecKOM h b komcahhiiom penepiy- ape. He npO0AH CHCTeMaTHHeCKO0 UlKOAbl, OH, OAHaKO, HHTyHTHBHO nOHfl.1 ochobho0 3aBer OaHHCAaBCKoro: He m-pa-rb Ha cueHe poAb, a xhtb mhcah- MHHMyBCTBaMHHsofipaxaeMoro AHua. Oh BcerAa nAeHHer npaeAHBUM noBe- 206

06AomeM Ha cuese, 6yAb to TpareflnfiHu8 o6pa3 A6aa hah caropHiecKHii - pas ropoAHHiero\". flpKo pa3BepHyA0Cb b koaabkthbo SAecramee AapoBaime Lepxe KoxaM- KyAOBa ksk xapaKTepaoro aKTepa. IlpeKpacHo 3Haa HapoAHbifl 6ut, o6Aa- Aaa HCKAioaHTeAbHofi Ha6AioAaTeAbHocTbio, oh C03A3A Ha cueHe ueayra raae- peio CBoeo6pa3Hhix, Meroo oiepaeiiHbix o6pa30B HauHonaAbHofi *H3HHApawa- THiecKoro naaira, mk Khahiu hah Kapa6afl, h KOMCAHHHoro—ksk Apna6afl. 3HaanTMbHo cAa6ee noAyaaiOTca y Hero o6pa3U nepeBOAiioro penepryapa*1. Oco6eHHBifl ycnex y KauHOHaAbHoro 3phtcah hmca EAiodafl yMyp3aKOB, C03AaBHiH8 ueAbiS pan He3a6biBaeMnx, HenoBTopHMbix no apKOc-ra Bbipa- xeHHa o6pa30B H3 Ka3axcKofl JKH3HH (MaAKaMfiafi, KoxaK, TacfioAaT, AMaH- reAbAbi), 8upa3HB b hhx coKpoBeHHbie aepTbi HauHOHaAbHoro xapaxTepa cbo- ero HapoAa. Buah y Hero yaain b nepeBOAHOM penepiyape h b xapaicrepHbix poAax (KocTH-KanirraH), h b KOMeAHiSnux poaax (Ocnn b «PeBH3opes). Oa- HaKO ero AaAbHeftmeMy pocry npensTCTBOBaAo 3AoynorpefiAeHHe BHeuiHH- mh npiteMaMH, KOTopue toaksah Ha nycrofi komh3m h aKTepcKHft Hanrpbim'8. flpeHMymecTBeHHo b ApaMaTHiecKOM iuiaHe pa6oTan b Te roAU KanaH BaAbipon, Gojiee Apyrifx pacumpHBfflHft cboB KyabTypHUfi Kpyro3op 6AaroAa- pa o6meHHK> c pa6oraHKaMH pyccKoro Teaipa h areHHio cneiwaAbHofi AHTepa- Typu. 3 to abao eMy bosmoxhoctb nocTHran. h BunoAHBTb poah, Tpe6yioiime (iOAbmofi MhICAHH HyBCTBa, TAy6oKOrO npOHHKHOBeHHH B nCHXOAOrHK) o6pa3a (MyraAHM Cacpa, nopyiHK flpoBofi, Otbaao)\". HapBAy c rpynnofl CTapefloiHx aicrepoB, pa6oTaKminx b TeaTpe c ero oc- H0B3HHH, paCUBCAOH yKpenHAOCb 3a 3TH TOAbl epeAHee nOKOACHHe, OpHHieA\" uiee Ha cueHy b 1932—33 roAax h HaaaBiiiee cboA TBOpiecKHH nyrb c oc- DoeHHH TeaipaAbHoft KyAbTypu noA pyxoBOACTBOM pyccKHx pextHccepoB. B nocAeAyiomHe ce30HH airrepbi srofi rpynnu nocTeneHHO bxoahah b penepiy- ap, 3aB0eBbiBaAH Bee 6oAee OTBerCTBeiiHbie poah. OKOHiaTCAbHO 3aicpenHAH ohh cboh no3HUHH b ce30He 1937/38 roAa, KorAa Bee «cTapHKH» HaxoAHAHCb b JleHHHrpaAe, aa cbeMaax KHHOKapTaau «AMaHreAbAbi». H3 HHCAa aiaepoB «cpcflHero noKo.'ieHna» ocofieaiio nonyaapeH cpepii HauHOHaAbHoro 3pnreAa IlIaKeH AflwaHOB, aaiep uinpoaoro repouaecKoro nAana, c npeapacHoS BHeuiHocTbio h 6oAbHiHM cneiiHTCCKiw oOaaHHeM. C oAHHaKOBUM ycnexoM wrpaeT oh h TparcAHio, h KonceAHio. y/iaAocb eMy ne- peAaTb h Moowyio CHAy Hcaiaa — 6opua 3a HapoAHoe acao, h 6ypnoe kh- neHHe crpacre® KoAapa, h MarKHfi iomop IllaAPHHa. Poah toto h Apyroro xaHpa HcnoAHaer oh tohko, bavmwbo, 6e3 Hawiraa, xopoiuo aohoch mhcab, onpaBAUBaa aaxAyio Aeraab, opraHHHHO BbiaBAaa smohhio. flocTHraynje 3a KaMaA KapuucoB —axiep xapaicrepHoro iwaHa, HCKAKWHieAbHoft bh- JIjib yaeerpa3HTeAbHociH h SoAbuioro pa3Hoo6pa3Ha. KawAoro ofipa3a oh Haft™ apKHe aepru, Merso BbiaBAaioMHe xapaxrep, wpoBbie AeraAH, pacapu-

Baioiiuie cyinecTBO neftcreHn. CurpaB panic XaecranoBa h Hro, KapMUCOB AOKa3afl cboh) cnoco6HOCTb OBaaaerb aytniHMH xapaKTepHUMH poaaiiH mhpo- boB KaaccHKH. Oh uaciepcKH BaaaeeT TeaoM, ero flBHweHHa Ha cueiie aerim H.10BKH, BHeiUHHHpHCyHOKpOJIHHBTKOpa3pa60TaH. Kaatteu AabiabiHHOB HrpaeT no npeHMymccTBy xapaKtepiibie poaH. Ha- Hfioaee yaaerca CMy BhraBHTb b coaaaHHHx o6pa3ax nepro xhtpocth, ayxaB- cTBa. 3 th qepTU no/ropKKoaeT oh h b o6pa3e XanTbnta, h b pyccxoM npa- KB3HHK6 HnnoaHTe, h bo (j)paHay3CK0M cjiyre npofiaoxe CxaneHe. Ha pojih ntwiowHTeabHbix repoeB, SopuoB 3a iiapoaHoe aeao, BUflEimyx- ch b KM.ieKTHRe JKaraa Ory36aeB. 3pHteab c yaoRJieTBopcHiieM Bocnpiffltw ero o6pa3bi Kc6cxa h MaraM6era b nauHOHaabHoft apaMaTypaH, KouiKHaa a MHfiHcoea b coBeTCKOMpenepTyape. Hrpa ero onpaBaana h npoayMaHa, ho CTpaaaeT nopofi iMHunieft caepinaHHOCTbio, paccyaoHHOCTbio, eft He xBaTaet CncuHaaH3HpoBaacn Ha poasix KOMHMecKoro naaHa Cefl$yaaa Teabra- paeB. EMy HeH3MeHHo nopyiaioT poan npocraitOB, aypauiaiiBux Heaopocaei B KaaccH'iecKOM penepTyape yaaino cnrpaiibi hm Bo6«HHCKHiS h Poaparo. OflHaKO Hrpa ero oTamaeTCH ojnooCpa3HeM npiieMOB, co3aaBaeMue o0pa3H noxowH mhh na apyroft. Caafiee npoHBHaca TBopnecKHft poCT b xteHCKOM cocraBe KoaaeKTHaa. TeaTp Hiioraa octpo qyBCTBOBaa stot HeaocraTOK: eMy ne xBaTaao ncnoanH- TeabHHit mhothx poaeii, He 6uao Hacromnefl apaMaraMecKofl repoHHH. HanCoaee BbiaBHHyaacb H3 cpeaa aicrpHC, BocnmaHHbix chmhm reaTpon, Cafinpa MaflKaHOBa, HrpaimiaH b Te roan poan Mtxaoaux aeByniex h b apa- MatHnecKOMh b KOMeaHflHOMnaaHe (Pan b «Aana 6aruHaa», MapnH Ahto- HOBHa b «PeBH3ope»). OaHano b Ty nopy b ee nrpe cKa3hraaaacb cyxocu, CKOBaiiHOCTb, pofioCTb b BbipajKeHHH qyBCTB, ToabKO b nocaeayioiiiHe roau, c nepexoaoM k pcuihm xapairrepHoro naaHa ui«pe pa3BHacn raaaHT Malta- HOBOft. Bupa3HTeabHofl CbiTOBoft aKTpHcofi 3apeKOMeHaoBaaa ce6n 3am KypMan- 6aeBa. C mctkhmh Sutobumh noapo6HOCTHMH nrpaaa oHa poaH crapyx, 6oft- khx, pa36HTHbix «»eHre» b HauHOHaabHOMpenepTyape. 3HaiHTeabHo TpyflHee aaBaancb efi o6pa3bi pyccKoB wh3hh. Crapyxa CaaoBcxaH H3 «ApncTOKpa- tob» —ojhh H3 HeMHOmx ee ycnexoB B 3T0fl OSaaCTH. B 1937 rosy b KoaaeKTHB AKaaeMHiecicoro reaTpa nepemaa H3 Kapa- raHjlHHCKoro ofiaacTHoro TeaTpa TaaaHTaHaaa apracTKa Paxnn OcnaHOBa (KoBiyfiacBa). C nepBoro ate CBoero BucTynaeHHH b poaH crapyxH-npinwi- BaaKH b nbece «A3peT-CyaiaH» o«a nona3aaa ce6a npKoB KOMeammofi h xa- paKTepHo-6bnoaoB aKTpHCofl. He3aypHjHVK) bhciuhioio BbiDa3HTeabH0CTb— *H8yio MHMHKy, naacTmHOCTb aBirateHiifi — OHa coBMemaer c HeoSbiiaftHoft cueHHqecKofl HCKpeHHOCTbio, npaBflHBoabio, Korapas poamtT ee aapoBamie c TaaaHTOM KaamSexa KyaHuinnaeBa. Ha cuere Pbxhh whbct noaHoxpoBHoB, y KaieabHon *H3Hbio: ecaH eft rajKeao - naater hbctohuchmh caaaMH,

ecvTH paflocrao —3a.iHBaeTCfl BeceauM CMexoM. Hrpa ee owiOTaercH npe- fleabHofi npaBflHBOCTbio h b to * e BpeMa iBHpoTOfi, CMenocTbto. Ha iHCJia BbinycKiiHKOB THTHCa, bhhbiuhxch b cocraa TeaTpa b 1938 roay, tojibko HeMHorwe aoQHjmcb xopomax TBopiecKHx ycnexoB. MamaS Chi3flbiKOB— BayMiHBufl, cepbe3HHii axrep. C nepBux AHefl npefiuBaHHa b Tearpe oh nocjieaoBaTeabiio npHaepxHBajicx Toro Mero.ia pa- 6oThi naa poabio, KoropuM Boopyxoui ero THTHC. 3 to noMora.io eMy Ha- nOJIHHTb MUCJIblO H 3KH3HMO HCnOJIHfleMbie 06pa3bl, KpenKO aepjKaTb Ha cuene BHyTpeHHioK) ahhhio poaH. BHABHHyaach Ha pom jiHpuiecKHx reponm JKaMaa )Ka/iMyxaM6eTO- sa, yaaiHo curpaBiuan AmuHiuam b «Ak xaBi>!H» h Bans. Ona oTaHiaerca raySHHofi nepewHBaHHa, nopuBHcraM, ropnaHM TeunepaMeiiTOM, cnoco6- HOCTbio no-HacToamcMy yB/iesbca cymecTBOM ptwiH. K cowaaeHHK), Apyrwe Mojioaue apiHCTU, noayqHBuiHe 0(5pa30BaHHe b mockobckom rHTMCe, He HauuiH m u ce6s aocToflaoro Mecra b padore Axa- aeMHiecKoro TeaTpa: ywe b npeaBoeHHue roabi HanaacH pacnaa stoB cnao- qeHHoB BHaiaae rpynnu. MacTb ee nepemaa b apyrae TeaTpa Ka3axcTaHa, coaeflCTBya TaxHM o6pa30M o6meMy noBbiuieHHW xyaowecTBenHofi xyabTypu b pecriyOaHKe. HaefiHo-xyaowecTBeHHbiS poor KoaaeKTHBa b npeaBoeHHbie roan cxa- 3aaca b nepByio oaepeab Ha noBbimeHHH xaiecTBa cnexiaxaefi TeaTpa. Mho- rne o6pa3u aocTHraa fioabmofl Bupa3HTeabH0CTH, coaepixaTeabHOCTH, th- nmecicoft o6o6meHHocra. Oahh o6pa3bi nan fin noauTO)KHBaaH pa6oiy, npoBeaeHiiyio xoaaexTH- bom 3a npeawayuiHe roan, apyrne —npoxaaabiBaaH nyrb k OTo6paixeHHxi ofiwecTBeHHUx rpynn, erne He jaTponyrux b npeatJAyiiWx cnexraxaHX. Tax, b o6pa3 KapaCax («Ko3bi-Kopneuj— EaHH-Cyay») Cepxe KowaM- KyaoB BaowHa Becb onuT, HaxonaeHHuB hm b paOore Haa THnaMH CTaporo ayaa, Bupa3Ha b HeM c npeaeabHoB apKocrao oaHy H3 xapaxrepHnx iepT Ka3axcKoro 6aa — BCenoraomaioiayio erpacTb k HaKonaeHHio 6orarcT8a. 06pa3 BayMHHBoro HCxaTeaH npaBau, MeiTaTeaa, 6oaeiomero 3a cyab- 6y cBoero napoaa (ywreab Ca4»a), noaynui aaabHefiuiee pa3BHTHe b cnex- Taxae «A6afis, rae oh ash aaxce b aayx npeaoMaeHHax: caM A6aB h ero yie- hhk ABaap. npa 9tom o6pa3 ACaa, co3flaHHUfi Ka-wCexoM KyanumnaeBbiM, oTMeieH npHHUHnHaabHo hobumh a;ih xasaxcxofi cuchu qepTaMH: b HeM ax- Tep BCKpua He Toabxo xapaxTep noyra, ho h (jwaocoijicxoe coaepjxaHHe ero mucah, ero nporpeccHBHoe MHpoB033peHHe. flaabHefliuee pa3BHTHe noaynui Ha cueHe Tearpa h o6pa3 coiwaabHO- ro repoH, 6opua 3a Hapoanoe aeao, 3a ocBofiowaeHHe ot <JieoaaabH0-6aficxo- ro 3acHabH. Panbuie btot repofi 6bia orpaHHieH b cbohx CTpeMaeHHxx h b03- mojkhocthx (PaMa3aH hjih ^KaHTac). Tenepb oh Bupoc b xpynHoro HapoaHO- ro Bwxax, CeccTpaaiiio BCTynaxmiero b 6opb6y c mhpom HacHAHH. TaxoBH ropHHHH, CTpeMHreabHhiS AMaHrejibau (Eaxjfiaft yMyp3axoB), cMeanfl 6a- 209

rap HcaTaB (IUaKeH AfiMaHOB), iuaMeHHbiB MaxaM6er (>Karaa Ory3- 6aeB). 3HaqtiTMbHhix ycnexoB aoChach Ka3axcKHH TeaTp b C03aaH«a ofipasoB cobgtckhx aioach, npHieM am o6pa3H pa3BHBaAHCb h poola napa.i.ieAbiio c pa3BHTHeM caMOfi jkh3hh. Ilocjie jKHTeaeft ayaa h 3kthbhctob K0AX03a («TapTuc», «Ekh ku3») Ha cueHe noaBHAHCb npeacTaBHTMH moaoaoS co- BeTCKOii HHTeJumreHUHU, caAOBOAU-MnnypHHiibi («Aawa 6arbiHAa>), HHaeHe- pu, opaMH («^o.iAacTap»). IlepeA aKTepaMH BCTanajia fioAbniaa TBopae- cnaa 3aaaia — BHHBHTb STHtecKiie HopMbi h MopaJibHue ycTOH HOBoro aeno- BeKa coBeTCKOft snoxH. Tanaa 3aaaaa TpetkraaAa bucokoS noAHraaecKOft spejiocTH, rayCoKoro npOHHKHOBBHHa b cymecrao Tex hobhx OTHomeHafi, KOTOphle B03HHK3I0T B COBCTCKOM OfilUeCTBe. OflHaKo Ha A3HHOM3Tane pa3BHTHa KOAAeKTHB eme He mot noAHOAen- ho OTo6pa3HTb *H3Hb coBeTCKoro oSiAeeTBa. B Ty nopy oh Aeaaa raibKo nepebie rnara b oSpncoBKe xapaKTepa coBpeMeimoro coBeTCKoro qeAOBesta, euie He AOCTHraa pemaioiUHx ycnexoB. 3HaaHrejibHO pacmapiuiHCb bo3mowhocth KOJiAeKTHBa b nepeAaae 06- pa30B Apyroft HaitHOHa.ibHOCTH, b aacTHocTH— o6pa30B pyccKoro aenoBexa. UlaAPHH-AiiMaHOB, KouiKHH-Ory36aeB, flpoBofi-EaANpoB, Cii6npueB-Chi3AN- kob bhhbahah xapaKTepHue lepra pyccnoro Kpecn>aHHHa, pafioaero, oiJiHAe- pa, KanmaJiHCTa, npaaeu HcnOAHirreAH sthx poaefi He Tepaaa HaimoHanbHo- ro CBoeo6pa3Ha. C AOCTioKeHHeMTBopaecKoft 3peaocTH Ka3axcKHft TeaTp eme acaee onpe- ACAha CBoe xyAowecTBeHHoe ahao h npHcymae eMy crHAeuue oco6eHH0cra. CouHaAHCTHaecKHfl peaAH3M— seAymee HanpaBAeHHe coBeTCKoro hc- KyccTBa. no 3T0My nyra Bee yBepeimefi meA Ka3axcKH9 TeaTp, KOTopufi c caMoro CBoero B03HHXH0BeHHa CTpeMHAca k npaBAHBOMy h MiiororpaHiioMy 0T0fipa*eHHI0 AefiCTBHTeAbHOCTH. CphIBbI B $OpMaAH3M 6b!AH B HeMCAy- HaflllU, HeAAHTeAbHU, H3BH3aHbJ H3BHC. OAiiaao couaaAHCTH'iecKHH peaAH3M npeanoAaraer He HHBMapoBKy, a nao6opoT, pa3HOo6pa3He $opu, acanpoB, TBopaecKHX MeTOAOB. B ofimeM pycae couHaAHCTHaeCKOro peaAH3Ma KawAbiS HanaoiiaAbiibifi reaTp hixorbt naafioAee CBoflcTBemibie eMy CTHaeirae aepra, coorBeiCTByiomHe ero nanao- Ha.ibiioMy xapaicrepy. TaKHe aepra onpeAeAHAHCb h b Ka3axcKOM TeaTpe. XapaicrepHoi oco- 6eaH0CTbio ero hbahiotch Tara, c oahoh ctopohu, k peBoaioAHOHHofi hahre- poHaecKoS powaHTHKe, c Apyrofi —k HapoAHOMy (papcv. 9 th yKAOHU Ka3ax- CKoro npoipeccHOHaAbHoro reaipa He CAyaaBHU, ohh yxoAHT KopiiaMH b Ha- poAHoe TBopaecTBO: b hhx HauiAH orpaweHHe h repoHaecKiifi anoc, h npoffl- 3aHHbie poMaHTHaecKOH ahphkoA CTapHHiitie noaMU, h KOMH'iecKaa neCHH, h CKa3Ka, h carapimecKHe BbiCTynaeHHH HapOAHbix komhkob, neBUOB, ocTpo- CAOBOB. Ka3axcitHfl AxaAeMHiecKHfi TeaTp ApaMU, bo3hhkaihh ksk nepBhiS HaiW- 210

ona-ibiiHH Tearp na Ka3axcicoM H3biKe, oica3aji b na-nbiieSmeM orpoMHoe h wioaoTBopHoe bjihahhc Ha pa3BHTHe npo^eccHOHajibHoro cueHmecKoro HcxyccTBa bo Bceft pecnyfijiHKe. MacrepcTBO h ohht, HaKonaeHHue hm, sbh- JIHCb OCHOBOHJI.IH p33BHTHH ApyrllX flpaMaTH«CKHX H MV3bIKaflbHbIXTB3TpOB CTOJiHuu h nepH^epHH Ka3axcTaHa. Amepu, BOcmnaHHbie b kojlii6kthbg pecny6jiHKaiicKoro apaManwecKo- ro TeaTpa, nepeuum 3aTeu b uy3UKaJibHhifl Tearp. Pecny&AHKaHCKHfi TeaTp OKa3uBaa noMomb ofijiacTHUM TeaTpaM, nocu- Jian hm cbobx aKTepoB, HHoraa Ha BpeMH, HHoraa Ha nocroaHayio pa6oiy. Ha«6o^ee 6jhi3KO CBS3aHHbifi c nauHOHaabHUMH apaMaxypraMH, ARaae- MHiecKHfi TeaTp aacTo npHHHMaji aRTHBHoeyaacTHe b flopa6oTKe npHHOCHMbix Ha cueHy nbec, <rro coaeflcTBOBaJio pocry Ka3axcKofl apaMaTyprHH. Boruiomaa 3th nbecu Ha cueiie, TeaTp Haxoflaa HaHConee Bbipa3HTeabHbie o6pa3U, koto- pae c.iywH,in b aaabHefiuieM npHuepoM juih pe*HccepoB nepwJiepHiiHux Te- Ha 6a3e AxafleMHiecKoro TeaTpa yxe b npeaBoeHHbie roan mao aaabHefi- mee pa3BHTHe Bcero TeatpaabHoro aeaa b KasaxcTane.

FAtaea6 KmXCKHft TEATP B r o jU BEJIBKOft OTE'IECTBEHHOft BOftHU (1941—1945) C HaiajioM BejiHKofl Ore'iecTBeHiiciH boBhh bob XH3Hb KasaxcnoS pec- ny&iHKH nepecTpoiwacb coo6pa3HO c TpefioBamiaMii (ppoirra. Teaipu Ka3axcraHa He ocTaanch b cropoae ot ofimero naTpHOTHiec- icoro no^ieMa, oxBaraBtiiero CoBeTCKyio crpaHy. , C nepBbix we aaefl bohhu aicrepu, BOOayuieBAeHHbie weaaHHeM BHecTB cBoioflOJiio b oOmeeae.10ynpeimeKHao6opoHWcTpaHu, nouuiHc KonuepTHbi- mh nporpaMMawH Ha npH3bi8Hbie nyHKtu, b Boeimue aarepn, b roctiKTaaH. Bcaes 3a re.w KOiiuepruue 6pHraflbi teaxpoB OAHa 3a apyroB HanpaBMHCt Kan h Apyntx pecny&MK CpeAHeii A3HH, c HeOCblMaBHOfl BKTHBHOCTbK) C03flaiia.1H nbCCbl Ha TCMbl, BbtABHlIVTUe BOfiHOfl. Mh He 3iiaeM apyroro TaKoro fiypnoro MOMenra b P33bhthm ApaMarypriffl Cpeauefl A3hh, K3Knepaue roan OreiecrBeHiiofi boBhh, xoraa b kopotkhB cpOK 6m o co3AaH0 orpoMHoe KOAHieeiBO nbec, cuaiana OAHoaKTHUx, a 3a- reM h MHoroaKTHbix. Ha cueue K33axcKHX ofiAacruux TearpoB oAHoaxraue nbecu BoeaHO-natpHOTHHecKoro MAepwaHHSi craAH nosiBAsrrbca ywe c hkmh — aBrycra 1941 roaa — iepe3 mccsu. nocjie naqaaa boBhh. riepBhie nbecu, noflBHBinneci! Ha Ka3axcxoB cueue oceHbfo 1941 roaa (ofipa3UOM hx MoxteT cJiywHTb nbeca Ajibwanapa ACmitCBa «Moahhh»), pHCOBaAH MOMeHTHaiaAa BOHHU HnpOBOAH npH3UBHHKOB Ha (ppOHT. MapHaa eeceaa b Kpyry Ka3axcKofl ceMbH npepuBaeica BHe3anHUM H38ecraeM, iro 212

Bpar Haim 11a CoBeTCKyioaeMaio. MoxoAewb ompaBAHercfi Ha (|)poiiT, kto— no npH3UBy, kto —Ao6poBonbneM, kto— mcahuhhckoh cecrpofi. Bcahko rope uaTcpH npH paccTaBaHHH c actomh, ho, ocosuaB cboS rpa>KAancKiifi Aoar, OHa My*ecTBeHHO OjiarocAOBAaer hx Ha noABHr. He ocraiorcH b cropoHe or 06- inero noAbeHa h CTapHKH: ohh totobu hath Ha iipoh3boactbo, Ha cMeHy moao- ACJkh, npH3BaHHofl b apuuio. B m>ece «Moahhh» otou ceMbH, CubiuhS npac- huh napTH3aH, npHHHMaeT pemeHHe hath Ha (jipoHTAoSpoBOAbueM. Oh Aaer miHTBy 6eccrpauiHO pa3HTb Bpara. B ce30He 1941/42 rOAa, b nepHOA uoSii.raaauHH, noAoCnue nbecu ninpo- ko 6buiH HcnoAb30BaHhi TeaTpaMH pecnyCAHK CpeAHeft A3hh h hmcah orpoM- iioe arHTauHOHHO-BocnHTaTMbiioe 3HaieHHe. Cwia hx B03AeficTBHH Ha 3pH- toah oObflCHaercH ocoSum noAoxceHHeM sthx pecnyfiAHK b Cobctckom Coio3e. HapOAH CpeAHefl A3HH, BXOAHBmne b cocTaB uapcxoft Pocchh, He ytacTBOBaAH b nepBofi uhpoboh Bofme, Tax KaK no saxoHy Toro BpeueHH Mecraoe HepyccKoe HaceAeHHe He noAae*aAo npH3uny Ha BoeHHyra CAywSy. UapcKHfi yxa3 ot 26 hiohh 1916 roAa «0 peKBH3HUHH ry3eMiieB TypxecraH- ckoto Kpaa aah npoHSBOACTBa tuaobux pa6or> AaA noBOAk napoAHOHy boc- craHHio, oxBaTHBiueuy bcio CpeAHioio A3HK1. KaK mu yxce hcoahokphtho ro- BOPHAK, 3TO BOCCTBHHe TAyfiOKO 3anaAO B HapOAHyiO naMHTb H BU3B3AO UIH- poHafmiHH otkahk b necHHX h paccxasax, a no3AHee — h b cneKTaKAflx cpea- Hea3H3TCKHX TeaTpOB. KaK 6u oTBeroM Ha sth cneKTaKAH h 6uah nbecu THna «Moahhh», ko- Topue OTMeiaAH pa3HTCAbHUfi KOHTpaCT Me*Ay HBCTpOeHHHMH 1916 H 1941 rOAOB: OHH PHCOB3AK HeofiuiaHHUfi naTpHOTHBeCKHH FlOAteM, OXBaTHBIHHft Ka3axcKHii HapOA npH h3bccthh o HanaACHHH Bpara, BOOAymeBAeHHe, 3axer- mee cepAUa cnhob h Aoxepeft Ka3axcTana b oreer Ha npH3UB hath Ha (fpOHT, 3aiUHIUaTb CBOK) COUIiaAHCTHieCKyiO PoAHHy. ripHMUM npOAOAJKBHHeM TOft * e TBOpieCKOft AHHHH 6uAH y*e MHOTO- aKTHue nbecu, Koropue nepeHOCKAHAeiicTBHe H3 poahux KpaeB Ha $ poht, aa oKpoBaBAeiiHue noAH yxpaHHu hah EeAopyccHH, h nOKa3UBaAH b SoeBoii oficraHOBKe Ty caMyio MoaoAewb, Koropyio b nepBoii cuene poahtoah 6Aa- tocaobahah Ha noABHr. riocAe psAa Coeiiux 3nH30A0B repon ijipoHTa noAy- iaAH npHBeT or poAHOfi pecny6AHKH, no3ApaBAeHHe no CAyqaio noAyrcHHUx warpaA. Taxaa cxeMa nbecu noACKa3aHa caMoft WH3HbK). PoAHAacb OHa OAHOBpe- mchho b TBopqecKOHnpaxTHKCApaMaTyproB qyrb ah He Bcex pecnytlAHK CpeA­ Heft A3hh. He CAyqafiHo croAb noxoxcn no craxeTHOMy nocTpoeHHio, no p«- Ay o6pa30B Ka3axcKaa onepa sapAHa, aAral», y3deKCKaa My3UKaAbHaa nbeca «Mei y36eKBCTaHa» h KHpru3CKan ApaMa «Aht» («KAHTBa»), xoth aBTopu hx He croBapnBaAHCb h He noApa*aAH oahh ApyroMy. FlbecaM, nocTpoeHHUM no 3Toft cxeMe, 6uah npncyuiH o6iUHe ocoCeHHOc- m , a BMecre c Teu h o6uiHe HeAocraTKH. KaK npaBHAo, cueHu ruAOBoft jkh3hh b sthx nbecax ofipHCOBanu jkh- 213

neft h npaBAKaeS, aeM(JipoHT. B curaax Tbwa aBTop HMeer flejio c npHBbiaHofi, xopouio aHaKOMofi euy o6irraHOBKoft. JIioah —yaacTHHXH tuaobux cueH— poAHue, 6an3KHe, ohh Be pa3 ywe nosBAHAHCb b cneKTamx TeaTpa: h hua- nan, noAnaa SHeprHH MOAOAewb, roroBaa otAaib cboh chau Ha 6.iaro poAB- hu, h aoOpoAyiHHue, npHBernHBUe crapHKH, paayiomHeca pacaBeTy hoboS JKH3HH, TOTOBUe C3MH npHHHTb B Heft HOCHAbHOe yaaCTHe. CMOipH 3IH BOC- TaHOBKH, 3pKTeAb Mor noAyMaTb, iTo 3to Apna6afi h EcnHxe, repos nbecu «TacryAeK», nponowaioT cbohx Aereii Ha $poHT, aro b HHCAe orbe3ixax)tAiix Haatnn— hx cuh KaM6ap h ero npHHTeAb BeAbTpHK, oAerae b AeftreHaHTCKHft Mya- ahp, n o Pas H3 «AAMa 6aruHAa» h ee noApyra ijiopMy MeAiiixnHCKHX cecTep. flepexoAH k cijeHaM $pOHTa, aBTop o6uhho TepaeT noiBy noA HoraMH, a BMecTe c Heft Tepaeica h yfieAHTMbiiocTb b inoSpaweHHH co6uth8. flpa- Maiypra b nepBHft toa boShh haoxo 3HaAH o6cTaHOBxy (jipomoBoft jkibhh, aepnaAH o Heft CBeAeima H3 paccKa3a oaeBHAueB, H3 ra3CTHUx oaepxoB, ao- noAHaa hx co6cTseHHoft <paHTa3iiefi. CoBpeMeHHaa BoflHa c ee uexmimm- eft, c AeficTBHHMH xpynHux coeAHHCHHft TpyAHO yKAaAUBaAacb b orpaiiHaeH- Hue paMKH TeaipaAbHofi cuchn; noHeBOAe ApaMaiypra cboahah xapTHBy fioa k napTH3aHCK0fi 6opb6e He6oAbmnx otphaob, a HHoraa xjiepecipeAxe MejKAy rAaBHbiMrepoeM nbecu h ero hpothbhhkom bo Bpaweexoft apMHH. Ho ochobhoS HeAOcraTOK sthx nbec— CTaiiAaprHOCTb b craTHaHOCifc repoa. 3 to o6a3aTeAbHO— ropaiaft naTpHOT, Ce33aBeTHO npeAaHHuft poAHHe ii Aoary, He HMewmiifi hhkhkhx Apyrax HHiepecoB, xpoMe croaweft nepeAhkm 6oeBoft 3aAaaH. 3 to o6a3aTeAbHo — OTBawHuft 6oeu, caM03a6BeHH0 6pocaio- oiHfica b 6oft, c nepBofi MHiiyru noaiiACHHa Ha (ppoHTe He 3Hax>mHfi crpa- xa. B oCTaabHOMxapaKTep ero rax mbao HHAHBHAyaAH3HpoBaH, no ero mojx- ho nepe«ecTH H3 oahoAnbecu b Apyryio Ce3 Bcaxoro TpyAa, 6e3 ymepfta pa3BHTHH AeftCIBHH. ABTOp He O&bHCHHeT, K3KHM nyTeM CCpOpMHpOBaACa no- Ao6hu8 HAeaAbHuft bohh, kto BOcnHTaA ero, IlpaBAa, b caene npoBOAOBHa # oht, b HanyrcTBeHHOM o6pameHwn MarepH, b peaH caMoro repoa mothbb- poBaH ero naTpROTHaecxHfi noAbeM. Ho Her nawe nonurKH npocneAHTb, orxy- Aa noHBHAacb (jesMepnaa oTBara bo niepa eme mhphom moaoaom xa3axe, A MejKAy T6M, BocnHTaHiie 6oeBo8 Ao6Aecra —caowhhS h AAHTeAbHufi npo- uecc, ot xoroporo, b xohcthom caeTe, 33bhcht 6oecnoco6HocTb apMHH. PacKpuTuft c nepBofi we cneHU, ciaTHaHufi xapaxiep repoa TaxaMoc- Taeita h b AaAbHefmieM pa3BHTHH nbecu. flaAbHefiinae co6u™a, nocrpoeH- Hue b (popMe «6oeBUx 3nH30A0B>, ywe He o6oramax>T ero, a roabxo hjuhoct- papyioT ero reporaM, ero waway noABHra. OraTHaHoen, xapaxiepa coaeraer- ca, TaxHM o6pa30M, c HnmocTparaBHOCTbio cioweTa. 3 to npHBOAHT x HAeft- yrjiy6nsutHofl CeAHociH nbecu, xoropaa roAbxo noBropaer coAepwaHHe ra3eraoro oaep- xa, He paciDHpaa h He npeAcraBAeHgft 3pHteAa o pa3Bepraaa- KHQHXCa coButhsx. Co3HaBaa HeaocTaiKH nAaxaTHo-HAAiocTpaTHBHux nbec h cTaHAapTHUX

o6pa308, apaMaTyprii, OMHHaBinHeca npoHHiiaTeJiwiocTbio, cpa3y we nonn- Taancb 6ojiee tbophcckh noaoiiTH k BOeiraofi TeMaTHKe. Tanaii we 3aaaia ocTa.ia h nepea Ka3axcKHM AKaaeMinecKHM Teat- poM apa.Mbi, Koraa b naaaae ce30Ha 1941/42 roaa oh npHCTyiuui k noaroiOB- Ke cneKTaioia, oTBeiatomero TpefioBaHHUM BoeHiioro BpeMemi. 2 Boflua b KopHe H3MeHHaa ycaoBHa pafioru reaTpOB Ka3ax<rrana h hx pe- nepTyap. C oaHofi cropOHU, b TeaTpaabHyio WH3Hb pecny&iHKH BHecao owrnjie- hhc npn6bJTne pyccKHX, yapanHCKax TeaipoB h TeaTpaabHbtx Aeareaeft, asa- KynpooaHHbix c 3anaaa CoBercKoro Coma. B qacTHoerH, b Ka3axciaHe (b MHMKeiiTe h AflMa-Are) cbuluc aByx aeT iiaxomuica apaMaTHsecKHft TeaTp hm. MoccoBeTa, noa pyaoBoaciBOM Kpymieftuiero MacTepa cueiibi K). A. 3a- BaacKoro, a Tanwc paa BHaHbix paSoraaKOB mockobckhx, aeHHHrpaacKHX, KHeBCKHX H apyrax TeaTpOB. C apyroB cTOpoHta, npH3UB Mywcicoro cocraBa Tpynnbi b apMtno, o6pa- meHHe Bcex cpeacTB Ha Hywau boBhh CTaBH.iH TeaTpbi b caownoe MaiepH- aabiioe noaoweHHe. yiHraBan sto, ynpaBaenae no aeaaM HCKyccTB Ka- aaxcTana couio npaBH.UHtiM aHKBHaHpoBarb HeKoropue MajioMoniHbie koji- xo3Ho-coBxo3Hue TeaTpbi, nepeaas hx cooraB h HMyiaecreo cooTBeTCTByio- WHM oSaacTHUM TeaTpaM. B ueaax bkohomhh cpeacTB npm<a30M PecnytaKaHcKoro ynpasaeHHH no aeaaM hckycctb ot 3 ceiiTflOpa 1941 roaa Ka3axcKHfl AnaaeMH>iecKHB Te- arp aPHMbi o&bcaHHeH c pyccKHM pecnyfiaaKaHCKHM apaMaTHiecKHM TeaT- poM. 3 to o6i)eaHHeHHe xaca.iocb, BnpoieM, roabKo AHpexuHH h xo3aficrBeH- iiofl lacrH, npH noaHofl caMOCTOHTeabHOCTH xyaowecTBeHHOfi paSom Aaa- aeMHiecKHH TeaTp npH btom noKHHya csoe npewwee noMemeHHe Ha yaaae Kapjia Mapicca, rae oh Hava a paOoiy nocae nepee3aa b Aa.wa-ATy, h nepe- inea b noMemeHHe pycacoro TeaTpa Ha yarnie /l3ep)KHHCKOro\". B nepBbie we Mecauu bohhu h3 TeaTpa yuiaa Ha 4>poht aenaa rpynna aKTepoB, npeHMyiaecTBeHHO TeaTpaabHaa Moaoaewb. HeKOTOpbie H3 hhx no- r«6ah b 6ohx, b tom vncjie ypa3ram /Kyiuary.TOB h Bexeii AMypKaM3HH, apyrHe B03BparaaHCb b cociaB Tpynnu Taibxo nocae AeMofiMimnHH, KaK KaaxeH AflbiabHHHOB. Ho ocHOBiiue TBopqecxHe xaapbi TeaTpa npoaonwaan patfoTarb c ynBoemiofi BHepraefi, AoSiiBaacb co3AaHiis HHTepecHHX, ikuiho- ueHHbix cnexTaxaeft. riapa^aeabHo aroMy wjio h Hexoropoe nonojmeHKe kojui€kthb3 TeaT­ pa, rjiaBHbiM o6pa30M ero weHcxoro cocTaBa. B 1942 roay b AKaaeMmecKHS TeaTp nepeBeaeHa H3 HHMKeHTCxoro Te­ aTpa XaAHiua ByneeBa, OKomHBmaa b 1938 rosy /IciiHurpaacKoe Teaipaab- 215

Hoe yHtuiHme hoa pykoboactbom B. B. MepKypbeBa. C ee npiuoaoM Anaae- MHtecKHfl TeaTp noAyqiin 3aMeiaTejii.Hyio HcnoJiHHTMbHimy pcuieS r.iaBHw repoHHb, KaKoB eMy oco6eHao He XBaiajio, aicrpHcy npettpacHofl BHeuiHocra H SojIbUlOfl APaMaTHieCKOft CHJIbl. HecKOAbRo aKTepoB h axipHC npuHHio fibuio Ha AKaaeMHiecKyio cm y H3 Avina-ATHiiCKoro TearpaAbiioro yiHAiima. Haaficwiee bhahoc Mecro H3 hhx 3aHa/ia Elonnaii >KaHflap6eKOBa, npn- uiefliuaH b TeaTp b 1941 rony Ha npoH3B0ACTBeHHyio npaKTHKy c Tperaero Kypca inKOAbi. CbirpaB poAb rnioHepKii b nbece «Cuh cararra*, oHa cpa3y *e liblflejlHAaCb HCKpeHHOCTblOqyBCTB, MHTKHMAKpMeCKHMRapOBSHHeMH6bW3 TyT *e, eme ao OKOHiaiina hikojiu, 3aiHCAeHa b Tpynny Teaipa. HecKOAbKO no3AHee hphkhtb b TeaTp H3 toB * e hjkoah BmeH PHMOBa, yAaiHO HcnoAHsiomafl poah moaoauxrepoHHb b nbecax o coBpeMeHHoScobw- CKOfi JKH3HH. OrpoMHoe 3HaqeHHe aab TBOpiecnoro pocra KOAAeKTHBa hmcao ero 06- meHHe c KpynHeftiHHMH MacTepaMH pyccKoro TeaTpa, HaxoAHBUiHMHca b ie roflbi b BBaKyaoHH b Ka3axcraHe, npHBAeqeHHe HeROTopux MacrepoB k ae- nocpeACTBeHHofi pafioTe b Tearpe. B ce30He 1942/43 roAa Ka3axcnnfi TeaTp mxoahach b TeCHOMo6me- hhh c TeaTpoM hm. MoccoseTa, BrpaA c hhm b oahom noMemeraH, nocK<vn>xy pecny6AHKaKCKHft pyccRHii TeaTp Kasaxcraiia ita sto BpeMn 6bui nepeBeaeB B MilMKeHT. Ka3axCRHe apTHcra nocemaAH cneRTaxAH TeaTpa hm. MoccoBeTa, Bcrpe- qaAHCb c ero pa6oriiHKaMH. K). A. 3aBaACK»S HeH3MeHH0 npHcyTCTBOBax aa npeMbepax, npHHHMaA yqacrae b hx oficywiiHH, AaBHA coBem h yRa33- hhh Ka3axcKHM aKTepaM no pafioTe HaAo6pa30M. XyAoxcHHK TeaTpa hm. MoccoBeTa P. B. PacnonoB o^opMHA HeciMb- ko nocraHOBOK Ka3axcRoro TeaTpa. BunoAHeHiibie hm AexopauMi BUfle-ia- AHCb AaKOHMHOCTblO H Bbipa3HTeAbHOCTbfO, yMeHHeM nepeAaTb SMOUHOHaAb- HOe HaCTpOCHHB KaHCAOfi KapTHHbl. HaitfioAee iiaoaotbopho pafiOTaAH b Ka3axcKOM TeaTpe 0 . H. riuxoBa h B. B. Bh6hkob—onuTHbie pexcHccepu h neAarorH focyAapcTBeBBoro re- aTpaAbHoro HHcniTyTa hm. /lyHaqapcKoro b MocKBe, HaxoAHBHiueCH b Aam3- Atc b 1941 — 43 roAax b SBaKyauHH. Ohh npenoAaBaAH b A-iMa-AraHCKOB TeaTpaAbiiOM yqHAHiue. B 1943 roAy ohh BbinoAHHAH b AKaaeMiiHecxoM re- aipe 3aMeqaTeAbHyio nocraiiOBKy komcahh UJexcnHpa «yKpomemie ciponTH- boA»—ak)Shmh0 cneKTSKAb Ka3axcKoro sphtcah. MeTOA TAyfioKoft npopa- 6otkh o6pa30B no CHCTeMe CTaHHCAaBCKOrosaxBaTHA Becb aKrepcKHS no.wex- thb h ofiycAOBHA pHAHeo6biiaiMMx aKTepcKHx yAaq. BAaroToopHocTb oSmeHHB c KpynHbiMH MacrepaMH cneiibi aab Ka3axcxo- ro TeaTpa oqeBHAHa; mowho TOAbKo nowaAeTb, qro 3to ofimerae 6uao cahhi- kom mhmoactho. BHHa Pecny6AHKaHCKoro ynpaBAeHHa no acahm HCKyccra

8 TOM, 1T0 IluWOBa H Eh6hKOB BhlDOAHHJlH B AxaAeMHHCCKOM Teaipe TOJIb- ko oany, a He Hecxojibxo nocTanoBOK, a odemaHKH 3aaaACKoro nocraBHTb cnexiaxAb Ha KaaaxcKOM H3biKe Tan h ocrajmcb ofiemamtsMH. XyaowecTBeHHhiM pyxoBOAHTeaeM KaaaxcKoro AKajCMKaecKoro Teatpa ApaMbi c aBrywa 1941 ao $eBpaaa 1944 roja 6bia M. H. roabflOaaT, CbiBuiHft AO BOHHhi pejKHecepoM EspeficKoroTeaipa b KaeBe, aemepaHbiue (1932 — 1938 roAti) — pewHecepoM uuraHCKoro TeaTpa «Pombh» b MocKBe’2. 3ro pa- OOTHHKBbICOKOfl KyAbTypbl, CIDHpOKHMXyAOWeCTBeHHHMKpyr030p0M HXOpO- uihm 3iiaHHeM cueiiu, ho H3.1HU1H6 yBJiexaiouuifiCH BHeuiHeil noxa3Hofi ie- aTpaabHOCTbio, MeaoApaMaTHHecKHMK aijKpexTaMH, nuuiHOH oficraHOBOM- HOCTbK). B CBoe BpeMfl cepbe3iiofl KpRTHKe dnaa noABepriiyra ero pafioTa b uu- raHCKOM TeaTpe, ho Te we ouihOkh oh lacraiHo npHHec c co6ofi h b Ka3ax- craH. Oh HeAociaTOflHo cwraacH c TBopxecKOii HHAflBHflyaabHocTbio axiepa, lioAHHHBAero cbohm pewHccepcKHM yKa3aHHHM, b nocTaiiOBoiHoft pa6oTe rnea He ot HauHOHaabHofi cneuHipHKH KOJiaeKTHBa, a ot coficTBeHHoro pewHccep- cKoro 3aMbicrra. PafloTa ToabA&naTa b Ka3axcKOM AxaAeMHwecxoM rearpe Hueer cboh noJiowHiejibHbie u oTpHuaTWibHbie cropoHU. npHBAeKaa b roAH boAhu BBaxynpOBaHHUx reaTpaabHux padOT- hhkob, ynpamiemie no A&naM HCKyccTB pecnydAHKH He npoaBHjio b to we BpeMfl AOCTaTOHHOrO BHHMBHHfl KCBOHM HaUHOHa.lbHblM pewHccepcKHM K3A\" paM. npeAUAyuiHfl cesoH 1940/41 roAa noKa3aa ycneniHyio padoiy Kanawa BaAbipOBa b aoawhocth xyAOWecTBeHHoro pyKOBOAHTeaa TeaTpa. OAwaKO BMecro Toro, 'ito6u no.Tflepwarb nepaoro pyxoBOAHTejw TeaTpa H3 cpeAU caMoro KOJUieKTHBa, ofiecnewHB eMy noMomb onuraoro xoircyabTaHTa-npo- cjjeccHOHaaa, pyKOBOACTBO nonuio no ahhhh HaHMeHbuiero conpoTHBJieHHH a nepeAaao pyxoBOACTBo TeaTpOM npHraamemioMy co cropoHU pewnccepy. He noflynwH AoCTaTowHofi noAAepwwi a MOAOAbie pexHccepu-Ka3axH, HeAaBHo npHCTynwBuiHe k padoie b Teaipe— Acxap ToKnanoB h Aydaxap HcMaw.iOB. C TeieimeM BpeMeiiH b hx TBopiecTwe odnapywnaxcb ireKoropwe caadbie cropOHbi, ecTecTBemihie aah pewHccepoB, HCAaBHO okohhhbiuhx ywedwoe 3aBeAewwe: HeAOCTaTOK npaKTiiwecKHx waBbiKOB pafioru c axiepoM, neyneiiHe nOACKa3aTb axTepy npaBHAbiiufi mctoa C03Aanwfl o6pa3a. 9 th He- AOCTaTKH liaiHHaWIJJH.X peWHCCepOB UOXIIO dhlAO yCTpaHHTb, OKpyWHB hx onuTHbiMH KOHcyabTaHTaMH-neaaroraMH, raydwe BTAHyB hx b TBopwecxyio WH3Hb TeaTpa. OAHaxo ynpaaaeHHe h 3Aecb hc npOHBiiao AOCTaToiHofl qyT- B pe3y;ibTaie AesneabHocTb ToxnaHOBa h HcMaHaoBa Ha axaAeMHie- cxofl cuene nomaa Ha cHHweHHe. riocae opraiM3auHH Ka3axcxoro TeaTpa aah Aeiefi h lOHoinecTBa o6a nepenwra b ero xoflaeKTHB: HcMaHAOB b roAu BoilHbi — axrepoM, ToxnaHOB nocae 1950 roAa pewHccepoM. 217

H3 Bcex nara pecnyfinHKaHCKHX apaMaraHecKHX leaipoB CpeaHeB A3hh Kasaxcioift AKaaeMBaecKHS Teaip apaMbi Han6oaee umpoxo pa3BepHya bcbo- hx nocTaHOBKaxTenaTHKy BeaHxoB OreiecTBeHHofi boAhu. flo xoaua 1942ro- aa oh nocTaBHa lerupe cnexTaxJia HauHOHa.ibiioit apaMaiypnin aa bobhhus ieMU k aHTHiJiafflHCTCKyK) nbecy Opwapiixa Bo-ibipa «ripoi{)eccop MaMJiox>. «npoijieccop MaMJioK* 6ujt ncpaofl nocTaHOBKoii HOBOro xyaowecreea- Horo pyKOBoaHTena M. H. Po^uC-iaTa. CneKxamib raeBiio pHCOBaa Mpamyra o6CTanOBKy WH3HH b ipauiHCTCKoiS TepMaHUH, aiuraoM HaiwoHanbHoB jute- KpiiMiiHauuH. Boabuioft ictkocth jocthmh ocHOBHue o6pa3u cnexTam. Kanan BaaupoB nepeaaa SnaropoacTBo, necTHocTb h npiiHuiimiaJibHocTb npocpeccopa MaM.ioxa. 3pinensi pacnojiarana k ce6e ywe caMaa ero bhbiij* iiocTb: BbicoKHii no6, o6paiineHHu8 ceaOBaThiMH, oiKHHyTbiMHM3aa Boaoca- mh, yMiibie, rpycTHo-HacMeui.'iHBbie wa3a, nyuiHCThie Marrae ycu. rioiiiiOH npoTHBonoJioscHocTbio eMy 6bra flOKTop-ij)arimcT reawiax b hc- no.iHeiiim IllaxeHa AfiMaHOBa: Tynofl h 6e3flyniHu8 (panaTHK, npHBUKiBHH lie paccyxmaa Bbinojmsrrb npHKa3u (piopepa. Iloa ero 6eauM aoktopckhm Xa.'iaTOM BHACH CbLl KOpH'IHCBNii (jjaWKCTCXHB MyHAHp C &ieCTafflHMHnyro- BHuaMH h axce-nhOaHTaMH. CyxocTb, 6e3*H3HetiHocTb ero aima noAiepsa- Baan tohko noacrpHHteHHhie ycHKH, raaaxo npHAiuaHHuS npo6op. 3pirrejib HtHaBHAM Teabnaxa, xoraa b pa3roBope c MaM.TOXOMoh no-BoeHHOMybh- TarHBaaca, me.iKa.1 KafiayKaMH h Bbi3binaiome noAHHMaa cbo8 ci3k. OaHOBpeMeHiio c nocranoBKoB cneKranjia «ripo4>eccop MaM.ion» T«aip npncTyna.i ywe k pafiore Haa nbecaMH HaimoHaabHofi apaMarypraii Ha reMU BofiHbi. Bmvme iiohhtho, n o h TeaTp, Tax we, ran h apaMaiyprn, He cpa3y liamea npaBHawibiR nyn> k pa3peuieHHio srofi TeMaraxH. B noiicnax oh hciih- iaa paa cpuBOB h MacTH'iHux aeyaaq. riepBoft nocTaHOBKoii Ka3axcKoro AxaaeMKqecxoro Teaipa apasiH Ha TeMbi OTeaecTBeHHoft boBhu 6«jia nbeca MyxTapa Ays30Ba «Cuh cararra* («B aac HcnbrraHH8»), noxasaHHaa 3pHTemo b ahh oKTafipbcm npa3AHHK<» 1941 roaa (pewHCcep Acxap ToxnaHOB, xyaowHHK 3 . B. MapHOMCxaS). IlocTpoeHa «CbiH cararra* no to8 we ciowenroft cxeMe, n o Hpa3o6paa- Hue Bbiine nbecu cpeaHea3Harcxnx apaMaryproB Tex aeT. Ho npoioBeaeiiHe MyxTapa Ay330Ba BbiroaHO OTamaerca umporofi TCMaTHHecxoro oxBara, doraTCTBOM iiaefluoro coaepwaHiia: aBTOp crpeMHtca npoHHXHyTb b cmmcji npoHcxoaanwx co6hthB, Hafira hx 3axoHOMepHocn> h BHyrpeHHioK) CBa3b. Abtop npoBOAHrb nbece Haeio nepa3pbiBHofi cbsot (JipoHra h rana bo6- me8 (5opb6e c BparoM, noxa3UBaeT neofixoaHMOCTb hx coraacoBaHHbix yea- jih8 aaa aocrHweKHH no6eau. B nporaBonoaowHocTb pa3o6paHHUw BUiae nbecaM, rae ranoBbie cueHU orpaHHiHBaaHCb npoBoaaMH Ha ippoHT, asrop «Cuh cararra> 3HaqaTeabHoe BHHMaHHe yaeaaeT repoii'iecxofi pa6ore tm» 218

Ha noMomb (fpcmry. flan sroro oh H36Hpaer mcctom aeficraHH nbecu Kapa- raHay c ee yronwruMH uiaxiaMH. KpacHofi HHTbio >iepe3 bck> nbecy npoxojHT Mucab: b CTpanmue ahii BOfillH, B THJKKHfl iac KClTblTaHHHqeaOBeX 0CB06O)KflaeTCB OT MIVTO'leS >KH3* hh, nepeposcaaercsi, npociieTatiercn, craHOBm-cs cnocodmJM iia noflBnr. 3ry Mbicjib BbicKa3HBaet b caMOM 4>nuaae mecu anpenTop max™, rae pa3BH- BaeTCH ochobhoo aeflcTBHe: «Bce, hto Haawiao CHapyjKH, — Menomiue hh- Tepecu, noBccaHeBHbie apm™, — Bee cmuto, othwcho sthm aiieM, h nepea Haum npeacTaa neaoBex BUcoaoro aocroBHcma... yimaHTe, xaxoB hcmhc- ahmuB nepeBaa 3aaiTypMyeT oh». Ilbeca MyxTapa Ay330Ba noKa3UBaeT, xax stot «qeaoBex Bucoxoro aoc- TOHHCTna* uiTypMyei «HeMHCAHMufi nepeBaas, cnaqaaa b npomBoacTBeH- hom Tpyae, a 3aieM b doeBofi oCcTaHonxe, Ha ([ipoHte. HocHTeaeM arax TeM HBaaeTca oaaH 113 raasHux repoeB nbecu — Ep- 6oa flaTOB, KaparaHaiiiicKtiB niaxTep. He cayaafiao aBTop Tax Ha3Baa CBoero repoa. «JIaT> — huh orua — 03iiaaaeT «nocaeAHHfi saBero, nocaeauaa npea- CMepTHaa Boaa. «Epdoa» 03naaaer «6yab MywecTBeiiHUM*. H cuh c aecibio HOCHT3T0 HMH. HrpaxjinHft poab Epdoaa flatOBa )Karaa Ory36aeB ocodemro xopom b xapTHHax MHpHoro Tpyaa, na xaparaHaHiicxoB uiaxxe. Oh noaBaaeica sa cueHe HenocpeacTBeHiio nocae inecTHaanaraqacoBoa cm€hu, 3a xoTopyio ao- dnacs pexopauoft iibipadoTXH, yciaaufi, roaoAHuB, ho yaoBaerBopeiiHuS oaepjxaiiHOH nodeaofi. M htkhm kimopom HanoaHaeT axrep ax>dnMyio neceH- xy EpSoaa, xoropuB Ha 9tot pa3 BocneBaeT cbiTHufi odea, cboio Merry b tot MOMesiT. CaeayxnnHe xapraHH noxa3UBax>T Epdoaa Ha (fpoHTe: 3aecb oh — CecCTpaimiuH, HenoxoaedHMuB 6oen. IIphhhb nocae paneKHa CBoero naqaab- HHxa komanaoBaHne Haa apmiaepniicxHM ahbh3hohom, on yMeao ordHBaeT H3THCK Bpara. B nocaeaitefi xapTimc Kaparanaa no paano y3HaeT o ero Ha- rpawaciiHH. C yxoaoM Epdoaa HaroBa Ha tppoHT BucoxHe Tenmu padora Ha uiaxre He CKH*aioT«f. 3 tot MoweiiTaaeT aBropy B03M0*H0CTbnoxa3aTb, xax «b iac HcnbiTaHHH* noBumaeTCH co3HaTeabHocn> ocraBniHXca na niaxTe, xax b hx cpeae powaaerca BooayuieaaeHHe, jxawaa TpyaoBoro noaBHra paan cxopefi- niefi riodeau Haa BparoM. flpyrae padowe, oco3HaB 3ob crpaHH, ciaHOBSTCH iia Mecro Epdoaa, imepean Bcex — cTapnx uiaxTep TaHexe: orpoMHUM rpy- aoBUM HanpaxteHneM oh nepexpuBaer pexopaHyio BupadoTxy Epdoaa. 3a hhm caeayiOT jkchu maxTepoB, XaaeH n Mapnam— ace coceaxn, xoropue ao boBhu duan npHMepHUMHaoMoxo3aflxaMH, a nocae np«3UBa cbohx My»efi B apMHK) 33MeHHJlHHX Ha np0H3B0ACTBe. Hx C0CTH3aHHHB K0.1KHXOCTpOTaX npexpacHO irepeaaBaan Cadnpa MafixaHOBa b poan Mapnarn h Paxwa Oc- naHOBa (KoflaydaeBa) b poaH XaaeH. OcodeHHo noaHoxpoBHufi odpa3 do- eBofl, noaBH*HoB uiaxTepxH, ropaio npHHHMaiomefi x cepany Bee npoHexo- 219

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B cbok>oqepeab h IIIapmeH Ha tppoHTe occanaeT ce6a iiotomkom Manaca, nepea KoropuM ueAbsn ce6a ypoHHTb. Oh HeoaHOKpatHO iiHTiipyeT H3 caoero iiauHona.ibHoro snoca, HanpHMep: «Bpara m u nonanitM hc xywe, mom cxa- sowufi Manac*. C boS nyaeMer oh Ha3biBaeT «AK-KOAbTe», KaK b anoce Ha- 3UBaaocb cKa3oiHofl cH.abi pywbe MaHaca. B crapHHHOM anoce repoio 3a'iacTyio tiphxoahtch oanoMy bbcth <5opb6y c uejtoit apMHefl, noeewflan. ueayio cTpaHy, npHieM hcxoa 6oh peuiaerca no- bahhkom Meatfly npeAtioAHTensiMHAByx aarepeft, 33bhcht ot chau, aobkocth repost, buhocahbocth kohh, KpenoCTH opyatHst. Tax, HanpHMep, b Ka.saxcKoB nosMe «Ep-CaHH» repofi oattii CeCTpeneTHO ECTynacTb 6htbj' c HecMeTHUMboSckom Ka.’iMUKOB, oSpamaeT b fiercreo npo- cnaBaeHBUx 6aiupoB. Totho Tax we h Ep-TapruH oahh BUcrynaeT b noxoa npoTHB KajiMbtKOB, ySHBaeT hx cH.ibiiefltiiero CaTbtpa, oflHHHafluatb AHefi 6e3 nepefluiuKH BefleT 6oft c ccmhtuchhhum bohckom h HCTpeGaaeT Bcex BparoB. «BaTUp —3T0 HOCHTeJIb B OflHOM 06pa3e MOIUH KOAJieKTHBa*,—TaK xapaKTepn3yeT aimnecKoro repon HCCJieflOBaTeJib Ka3axcKoro repoHHecKoro snoca axafleMBK A. C. OpAOB7’- noflo6Haa TpaKTOBKa coBpeMeHHOro repon b n.iane .lerCHflapHoro dara- nunpa, coBpeMeHHoft boBhu — b iuiaHe snHiecKHx 6oraTMpcKHx 6htb xapaicrep- Ha He TOJibKO Ay330Ba h He toabkob roflu OTeieCTBeHnofl bohhu, hoflfla BceB ApaMaryprHH CpcAHefi A3hh. Otv TeHfleHHHio HeTpyAHO noAMenrrb h npocaeflHTb bo mhoi-hx nbecax Ka3axcKoft flpaMaTyprHH. HanpHMep, cneKTaiuib «TyHrHcapuH» 3aKaHinBa;icst 6htboh Mewfly no- BcraHuaMH h xapaTeabHUM otphaom, TpaKTOBaitnoH KaK pha noeAHHKOB Mewav bowahmh o6ohx Aarepeii, npmeM KawflOMy AefiCTByiomeMy JtHuy b iiTofl CiHTtie nofloweHOcpawan>cn c hpothbhhkom oahoixi c hhm «paHra»: cTa- pHKTaiteKe y6HBaer axcaKajia Kuflbip6aH, iiaHfionee stpKyio tfmrypy b narepe peaKUHH. ripcflBOAHTeflb noBCTaimeB JKatfrac npHueAHBaeTca b HaiaabHHKa KapareAbHoro oTpHfla, ho ne ycneBaeT BhicrpeAHTb... A BCKope caMOro >KaH- Taca cpawaeT nyflefi onHTb-TatcH He phaoboh conflar, a 6paT BOAOCTHoro yn- paBHTeAH, AHflep CaflcKoro Aarepa. IloflHHTb pywte «ne no iHtiy* hhkto He Aep3aeT. B HCTOpnaecKOM cneKTaKAe «HcaTaft — MaxaMfieis hcxoa Chtbh boc- ctbbuihx Ka3axoB c KapaTCAbiibiMoTpaflOMpa3pemaercfl nepecrpeAKoii Mew- Ay BOWfleMBOCCTaHHHHcaTaeMHHataAbHHKOMUapCKHXBOfiCKnOAKOBHHKOM TaK we pHcyeT 6oeBue 3nH30AH h Myxrap Ay330B b naece «Cuh caraT- Ta». HanpHMep, b rperbeB KapTHtte cneKtatcia «Ha6AK>flareAb», chahhihS Ha coCHe, nepeflaeT cboh BnenaTAeHHH ot pa3urpuBaiomeHCH 3a KyAHcaMH 6ht- bh: «HaBCTpeny yflapHAa rpynna flaioBa... Bpe3aAacb CTpeMHTeAbHO. BnepeflH — .flaTOB: KOAeT, 0T6pacuBaer... CBepKaiOT caCAH BparoB, ohh pe- 221

ihhah orfMTbCH, oTCTynaa, ho onenxenbi... TnrpoBHM npuxKOM noMjna flaroB cTapuicro oipimepa. Cjiomack Bpar, noAiiann pyan, caanacb*... Ho b nocTBHOBKe pewHccep Acaap ToanaHOB cTpeMMca npanaTb 6oe- BbM3IIH30AaMGOACe pCa.HICTHHeCKHHXapaKTep, npH6jlH3HTb HXKCOBpeMe*- HUM yCAOBHHM BOHHbl, HCrlO.Tb3yfl 1W STOrO TOXHHKy cuellbl, npoxeaTopu, cBeTOBue h luyMOBtie sipipeKTU. Ha BpamaiomeMca apyre enema coopyxcaa 6una HaK-iOHiian naomaiuca, H3o6paxaBuiaa npuropox c yapuraaMH Ana ny- aeMeTOB h opyAHfi. Bofiubi 6exaAH b HacrynneHiie no cxaiy, nphiras no cry- neHbKaM — kbmhbm, aapafiaanncb no canoHy xojiHa, nana.ia, caaTbiBanacb bhh3, npnxaaHCb b ynpoMnue yronan, cpeAH TpaBM h KycrapHnna. flaHaMHay 6on ycHAHBan nepe6eraiomHfi cbct npowenropoB, B3pHBU n rpoxoT. V 3pH- tmb co3iMBajiocb y6eflHT6iibHoe BnenaTaenne fionbinoro OTpaaa, HAymero b nacTyiMenne. He orpaHHiHBmHCb b csoefi m>ece aicryanbHbiMH ofimecraeHHbiMH npo<5- neMaMH poxAemia TpyaoBoro 3HTy3na3Ma n BoeHHofi AofoiecTK, Myxiap Ay- 330b caen nyjKHNM BHecrn b «Cuh cararra» eme oany ciO/Keniyio ahhbio HHTHMHO-ceMeSHoro nnana. Ha3WM, jijiii, coKpameHHo, Ha3 — Mojioaaa, anraBnaa xenupnia, xa- pypr b KaparaHAHHCKofl Oonbiimie, c HaaanoM boAhw ompaBJiaerca Ao6po- BOJibHo na ippoHT. B rocnmanb, we Ha3 pa6oTaei, nonanaer Taxeao paHe- hhh Mafiop Hyp.iaH, ee Myx, c KoropbiM OHa pa30iunacb Hecaonbao actaa- sax. Ha3 ne no CBoefi bhhc ona3AbiBaei caenaTb nepeamsanae npoBB, a Hyp- nan yMiipaer na ee pyaax. IlepeA ero cMepTbio fibiBinne cynpyrn npHMHpaioT* ca: b BejiHKaii «aac HcnuTanaib OTnaAaioT XHTeficane MeAoaa, pa3ne.WB- nine 6.ih3khx no cyuieCTBynioAefl. IlepeA orapaBneHiieM na ippoHT Ha3 3aaBnaeT Apy3baM: cKax npaaaxa sto penieHne n aana roroBHTbca b nyTb, qyBCTByao, aro cepAUe 6yAK>6a o6- peno Kpbuiba—Bnepaae b xmhh. Bee npexoAamee, Menoan o6aAeaaoS KH3HHKaa-TOoromnn, HcnapHAHCb, KaK6yATOTonbKorenepb HaiHHafoaoctk- ran> 3peaocTH h Kaaoro-TO npocBeineHna*. 3to «npocBeweH«e> Ha3 He- nocpeACTBenHo nepeKAHaaerca co cnoBaMn AHpemopa max™ o po«Aeaa» leAOBeaa Bucoaoro AOCTOHHCTBa: sto tot x e «ieMbtcAHMbiS nepeBa.i>, to®- ko b ARqHoii, naTHMHofl xh3hh OTAeAbHoro aenoBeaa, 3axBaKennoro boaobo- POTOMB08hU. HAea MopaAbHo-sTHaecKoro npocBCTAeHna aeaoBeaa nepeA ahuom BeAH- anx co6htb®—caiia no ce6e3HaaHrenbHa, OAHaaokohkpcthu®3na30A, Haao- ropoM noaa3aH0 stonepepoxAemie, cahuikom Menoa, CyAHnaeHa cnyaaea A-19 reponaecao® nbeca, orpannaen y3KHMH npeAenaian oaho®ceMbn. Co3Aaerca BneaarAeHne, aro rpaHAnoanbie co6uthh boShu npnBeAn a HaaToxauM pe- ayAbTOTaM: a npaMHpeHHto AByx noB3AopnBmnx cynpyroB. OxpblB 3T0TO 3DH30Aa OT OCHOBHO® TeMaTHaeCKO®AHHHH IlbeCbl «®e ycyryCnAH aarepbi, aoTopue CBoeS nrpofi HOAaepaHBaAn ceMeSHO-AHpaaec- rae, a ae repoHaecaHe mothbu.

y MaJimte IUaMOsoS, arpasmeA poAb Ha3, xoporno h acicpeHHC npossy- naJia apaMaTHiecKHe MecTa poah. C TAyGoxoA cepAemiocTbio, b mhtko Aapa- • aecKHx TOHax aeaa Ha3-lllaMOBa pa3roBop co CBoefi ao'iepbio Para, paccKa3hi- Baaa eft o5 OTue HypaaHC, 3aaBAHAa o cbogm peuicHna OTKa3aTbca ot hoboto Opaxa, noraepTBOBaib cbohm caacrbeM paAH ciacTba aoaepa. y nocTeaa yMH- paiomero Myka Ha3 ropaao nepewHBa.ia rope btophhhoA, a 6e3B03Bparaoii, pasoyKH c hhm. MeHee yaajiacb apTHCTKe citeiiu BWcoKoro o6mccTBeHHo- ro natpoca. Jle6ioTHpoBaBmaH b stoh nbece Moaoaaa axipaca IUcwmaH}KaHaap6eKO- Ba C03AaJia oSaareabiiuS o6pa3 Pam, jkhbch, iioabhjkhoAAeByuiKH - noApocr- xa, HamAa b poah Maoro noAKynaiomax orreaKOB a noApoGHOCieft. Ho poAb Pam coBceM ywe b cropoHe ot BoeHaofl TeMaTBKa a Aaaa cneKTaK.no roAb- ko paa npoHHKHOBeHHUx aapaaecKax caea. CneKTamib «Cbia cara-rra* b ueAOM npeAcraBAHA coGoA CAoxwoe npoTa- BopeiHBoe HBJiCHHe, b kotopom Hepa3puBHo nepenAeTaAHCb noaowiiTe-ibHue a oTpHuaTwibaue qepni. CneKTamib AaaeKo oronieA ot iwaicaTHoA cxeMbi a xpoHBKaJihaocTB nep- Bbix araTOK Ha BoeHKbie TeMbi. Oh 3aTparHoaA cepbe3Hbie TeMbi, BbiABHiiy- Tue bohhoA, xoth a He BcerAa npaBHAbHO ax pa3pema.11. Oh bhamhach Ten- aotoA o6pa30B, HHTepecoM k BHyTpeHHeMy MHpy aeAOBeKa. Ho 3Ta ncaxo- AoraHHoCTb cneKTamiH AocrarHyra nyTeM HenpaBOMepHoro noAiepKHBaHaa CeMefiilO-OhITOBbIX MOTHBOB B IlbeCe, npH3BaHH0ft peraaTb npoS.neMbl UIHpOKO ofiiuecTBemioro mama. OcnoBHoe BHHMaaae 3paTeJia b cneicraKAe Ghao aan- paBAeHO Ha crpaASHan Ha3, HameAUieA h BHOBb noTepaBraeS nywa, Ha Mea- m Pam o npHMHpeHaa poAHT&nefi. Sthmh HecxoAbxo MenoApaMaTHaecKHMH 3nH30ABMH 3acJi0Heiibi repoanecxHe tcmu TpyAa b Tbuy a 6oeBoAaoGaccth Ha HacKOAbKO TpyAiia 6wia 3aaaqa C03Aa-rb noAHOueHHbiA, hacAho Ha- cumeHHbifi cneKTawib aa TeMbi boAhbi, Teaip yGeAHACfl npa AaAbHeAmeA cbo- efi paSore b 3tom n.iane. K MaflcKHM npa3AHBK3M 1942 roAa fibuia noeraBAeHa rraeca Ca6aTa MyKaaoBa «)KeHrHC 5Kbipbi> («riecHb noGeabis, pewuccep Acxap ToKnaHoa, xyAoacHBK P. Pacnonos). Ilbeca sra noK33biBaeT naTpHOTaaecKaft noA-bev b lOiiomecxoA cpeAe b momcht HanaJia boAhh, yqaerae naoHepoB b oGmeM ae- jie GopbGa c BparoM, ocoGeHao b napTH3aHCK0M abhjkchhh. OcHOBHbie AeAcTByicmae ahim «>Kennic *bipbi» — naoHephi: Ka3ax AA- Aoc a pyccxaa AeiioiKa HaTama. Ohh oGytaAHCb BMecre b OAeccxoft koh- cepBaTopaa, GewaAB npa npa6Aii»eHHH neMyeB, nonaAH b napTM3aacKaA or- paA a npaHHAH yiacTHe b ero AeAcTBaax. CeflijiyAAa TeAbrapaeB a IIIoAnaH }KaHAap6exoBa jkhbo, c otohmcom curpaAH AAAOca h HaTamy, GbiCTpo a totho BbmoAHSAii napTB3aHCKae 3a- AanHH, c 3aAopHo no6AecKHBaiomHMii rAa3aMa ompaBAHAacb Ba pa3BeAKy. B nbece Bpar Gwa npeAcraBAeH HacnwibKo rAyntjM, hto nHOHepaM He co-

cran.in.TO HHxaxoro Tpyaa npoBecra ero. nosroMy nocrynra flereS HeyCeaa- TCAbHbl. OcwibHbie Aeficmyionme .iHtia — nHOHep&i, naprcnaHbi, paneHbie— noKa3aiiw 6e3HHX0ft «MaccoBxofi», Kan ruiaxaTHbift (|)oh ana raaBHux re- poeB. Teaip He caeaan nonhiTKH owHBHTh hx anna h HHAHBHayaAH3HpoBaTb xora 6u rpHMOMurn koctiomom. 6 06B nepBoii h nocaeaHefi xaprHHax Ha cueHe noa&muiCH /l*aM ya h - pama.ica k mioncpaM c HacraB.ieHHeM, B pb3bhthh aeficTBHa oh He nparn- 6Ma.i HHKaKoro yiaCTHH. Ero ciawiHas 4>nrypa Hy*Ha Su.ia Tearpy, ito u noxaaaTb ejimoayimie Tpex noxo.ieHHfl Ka3axcKoro Hapoaa b hx OTHomemH K COfibITHHM BOHHbl. 3ia nocraHOBKa, HOCHBinaa xapaxrep anrrairaoHHOro naanara, rrarepec- 6na Kax nonhmca co3«aib cnexiaxAb Ha BOeHHyio Teiayaaa lOHOinecKoS ayAH- tophh.Ho b cnemxae He hao HaefiHOHraytSmiu, oh He ofiorautaarearp HOBblMH 06pa3aMH. IlojiHoueHHoro pa3peoieHHH BoeHHofi Tens Ka3axcxHii AsaaeMHiecKHS reaTp apaMu aoShach Toabxo b ciioeBcaeayxmseH nocTaiiOBXe,iHaMuc reap- AHscbi» («rBapflHn iecTH»). Ilbeca BTa HanacaHa MyxiapOM Ay330BbiMb coaBTopcTBe c AnbXfanapoM AfimueBbiM h noeraBaeHa k 25-aeraio OKraSpb- 3cKofi peBoarouHH (pewHccep M. H. roabafiaaT, xyaoJKHHK 3. B. Hapaoii- ckhS,KOMno HTop 0. A. CaiiflJiep)5*. B oTJiHiHe ot apyrHx nporaBeaernrii xa3axcxofi apaMaryprim Boeraoro EpeMeHH, b ocHOBe nbecu jicwarnoaaHHHue HcropnaecKiiccoCnthh. Ilbecbi o flo&necra 6ofiuoB-xa3axoB Ha (jjpoHTe, noaBHBiuHeca ocenuo 61941 ro.ia, He HMeaa (fcaxTHxecxoS ochobu. Ohh npeaBocxHmaaH co uraa h 3ByaaaH exopeeKax npH3UBx ornpasaaBUiHMca na (ppoHraofi/iecTHOapart- ca c sparoM. Ho y*e x xoHuy roaa ao Ka3axaaiia aouiaH paaocraue Bee- th o hoaahhhom repo«3Me, npoaBaeHHOM B0HHaMH-xa3axaMH «a ijrpoirrax OieaecTBeHuoS boShh. B repoHiecxoS ofiopone M ockbu npHHtma.ia yaacrae 316 crpeaxoBaa aHBH3Ha, cipopMHpoBaHiiaa b Arura-Are h HMeBiuaa b CBoeM cocraBe3Haia- TeabHoe KoamecTBO xa3axoB. 3ra aHBH3Ha c rewepaaoM H, B. naixpH-roBUM 6bo raane ctoSko orpawa.ia HarHCK Bpara h HaHOCHaa einy Taweaue KOHtp- yaapu. Bca crpana y3Haaa o noaBHre 28 ohuob stoS aHBH3HH, xoTopue y aepeBHH /lyGoccKooo Ha BoaoxoaaMcxoM HanpasaeHHH 0Tpa3MH HanicxHe- 6MeaxHx TaHKOB. 3BaHHa Fepoa CoBercxoro Cox>3a ua yaocroeH TyaereH 6 3ToxTapoB— aBioMamHK, norK mnii noa M ockboS. noaymiB npHxa noa- aepwaTb Haciyrueime CBoero Saiaabona, on yniHuiaeiiHo npiiBaex Ha cefix Becb oroHb npoTHBHHxa h ueHoS *H3hh noMor 3aBoesaTb nofieay. OcoOeHHo oraHHHaocb b ahbh3Hh naiKpiiaoBa noapa3aeaeHHe, xoropHM xoMaimoBaa CTapimfi aeSrenaHT Baypawaii MoMbim-yabi. nan. pa3 ero oxpy- *aa« HacrynaBUiHeneMeuxHe Boflcxa h narb pa3 ohobhxoahaoH3oxpyrxeHHa HBHOBb CTaHOBHAOCb Ha OfiopOHy MOCKBU. 224

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aa-uiieHiueM nopy^aeTca KowaHaoBaiiHe noaitoM. Ho aBTopu H3MeHWiHero hub, Ha3Baa ero HaMbic-yau, a «Kanbic» no-Ka3axcKH 3iiaiHT «iecrb». BuBe/ien b nbece n Tynereii ToxiapoB, ho ero «d«orpa(}iHH»nepejana ae Bnonae tohho: asTopti npo«3BoabHO nepeBejiH ToxiapoBa b 6aiaabOH Ha- MblC-y^U, B KOTOPOM OH He COCTOJUI. feHepaji namjwaoB —oaho hs ueHTpaabHftx flefiereyiomHx ami naecu. Oh noKasau m onuTHbift, BayMiKBuft naiaabHHK, Koropa# ropaio 3a6ornr- ca o BociiHTaiiiiH BBepeHHoS esiy jhbiohh,uevras nooHsrrb ee Momb «ao CKa30iHoro BeaHTOSi. IlpH btom oh yratbiBaeT MHOroiiauHOHajibHuS cociaa .1HBH3HHH BHHMaTC.IbHOBraflflbIBaCTCfl B .IHUa HOOTHeHHblX. B3aHMOOTHO- rneHHa nmepaaa riaii(|>HaoBa h HaMbic-yau, 3adoTa renepaaa o BOCMTamur CoeBOro ayxa b daia.ibOHe HaMbic-y.m— ochobhoS aoweiHbifi joea nbeca. B repomeCKofi ponn renepajia PlaHitwaoBa Kaandex KyaHbnnnaeB erne pa3 nojTBepAHJi pa3HOCTopoHHocTb CBoero HcmiioaHTeJibHoro aapoBaHHS. riaHijiiMOB KyaiiaiuinaeBa— HacToauiHA repoft bmhkoi'i bohhm, fiMbiaoif McaoBeK, cnocodHufl pyxoBOAHTb apMiiefi h Becra ee k nodeae. Xapaiciep ero pacKpuT MHororpaHHo: noaKOBoaeu Ha noae doa, noamiwHud, sHepraiHuS, nojiHUHoraa; BayMiaBuft apaier, cociaeaaiomHS y Kapiu naan oaepeaHoro MaHeBpa, c THweao noHiiKiueftroaoBoiinoa raeiOModypeBaiomHXeroKoaeda- hhh h onaceHaB; 3adoT.iHByft HanaabHHK, nopUBHCto onvcKawiaaSca Ha no- acHii oKoao paneitoro, npocTo h iienpHHyaaeHHo deceaywiaafi c doSnauHi Beceaaifi, HCKpaiaaiica aodpoayuiHUM cuexoM yiacTHHK Ka3axcitoii irapynnw c decdapMaxoM. Ecrt b ero poa« h aapmecKHe siecia, HanpHMep, b cae- He c aoaepbio, npiimeatucfi iiaBecTHTb orua b noMewemiH mrada. flo cBeaeHHa renepaaa aoxoaHT,ito oaHH H3 daraabOHroixKOMamwpoB, HaMbic-yau, srapynina bohhckhS ycTaB: xoraa daTaabOH Haxoaaaca b oxpyxe- hhh, HaMbic-yau de3 cyaa pacr.rpeaaa B3BoaHoro KOMaHanpa, oxa3aBinero- ca TpycoM. TeHepaa aoaweii HaKa3aTb HaMuc-yau 3a HapymeHHe ycraaa. Ho oh He pydHT c naeia, a CTpeMHTCHnoHBTb, new Bbi3Ban siot npoaynos H K3K H3de*aTb HOBTOpCHHH T3KHX npOCiynKOB B dyayUKM. 3PeHepaa euacHaer, hto HaMUC-yau— deccipauiHbiH KOMaHaup, ropx- iHft,noaabiH ByBCTBa OTBercTBeiiHocrH a BBepeumjii eny daTaabOH. Ho ob CBoenpaBeH, HeBbiaepwaH. He xaaaraocn. Han 3aoiS yMucea npHBean ero K HapyuieiiHio yctaea, a HeBepiioe npeaCTaBaeroie 0 cbohx npaBax np» ca- mom ropmeM *eaaiiKH yKpenHTb doesoS avx daraabOHa. PeHepaa riaa- $HaoB npHHHMaer Taxoe peiuemre: OTcrpaHHTb Hawbic-yau ot KOMamoBa- hhb,ho b to we BpeMfl B3HTb daTaabOH nos CBoe junnoe iiadaioaeHHe, ny- TeM BocnirraTeabHod padoiu npeBpaniTb ero b odpa3uoooe BOHHCKoe bob- pa3aeaeHHe. 1Bo BTopoS KapraHe riaHi))HaoB Bbi3UBaeT k cede HaMbic-yaa h floaro- c HM deceayeT. CcpaeniocTb reHepaaa npoH3Boanr na HaMbic-yaw ray6o- Koe BneBaTaeHHe. HaMbic-yau ue,UHui5, nenocpeflCTBemibiii HeaoBeK. Cypo- BocTb Han HecnpaBeaaHBOCTb Moran du o3aodHTb h OKoiiqareabHo norydait- 22C

ero, a Tenepb oh CTaHOBHTCH npejjaHHhui flpyroM renepaaa riaHtjHMOBa, 6e33aBeiHUM HCnoAiWTeaeM ero 6oeBux aaaaHufi. riaHipiuioB BoccraKaum- 6BaeT HaMuc-y.ibi KOMaHAHpoM 6aTaju>0Ha h tvt * e nopy>iaeT eMy otbct- ciEeHHijfl yqacTOK o opoabi. HaMMC-yjiu KnaHercB ywepeTb, ho He OTCTy- B cncxraKJie Kanan BaaupoB pHcyer HaMbic-yjihi ropaiHM, nopuBHCTUM, crpeMHTenbHbiM. B pa3roBope c reHepanoM oh CAepwraaeT cefia, ho 3pHTejib HyecTByeT, ksk b HeMBee KHnHT, Ka*Aoe MFHOBeHHe oh mojkct floftra a o 6yp- HOii BCnbllUKH. Oco6eHHo 3anoMHHaeTcn HaMHC-yjin b cuene 6oa. PaHenufl, oh Bepeit CBoefl loiaTBe: He xoieT noxmvTb non* 6htbu,He xoneT nepeaaTb apyroMy KOMaHaoBaHHe. O h to naAaeT ot 6o.ih,to onsm. BCKaKHBaeT, supuBaeTca hs pyx noaaepJKHBaiouiHX ero Meacecrep. CTpcMjieHHe onpaBaaTb AOBepne reHe- pana IIaHij)HAOBa onaTb npHBOjurr ero x nporaBopeaHK) c bohhckhm ycTaBOMv 3O h TpeSyeT, no6bi aoktop aejiaa eMy nepeBH3xy Ha none 6oa, a npH 0Txa3e — Spocaerca BAoroHxy a aoxTopoM c peBQAbBepoM b pyxe. HaaHiiaeTca nepeBH3xa. TIaotho CTHCHys 3y6bi, nepeHocirr Ha.wbic-y.iM 6ojib, onaTb npanoAHHMaerca h totob BCxoiiiTb npa H3BecraH, n o noflamieH- Hbifl eMy aeflTeHaiiT 5KaH(5o30B nonaji b naeii. riocae nepeBH3KH Hawbic ho HceaaeT hh MHHyTbi OTAOXHyTb, nopuBHCTO BCTaer h ,noAAepwHBaeMuft c AByx CTopoH, yapewaaeTca Ha xoMaHAHbifl nyHKT. B AaabHeflmeM HaMbic-yjibi CTaHOBHTCH BepHUM tiomouihhkom reHepaaa IlaH^HaoBa b ero BocnHTareabHoii pafiore. O h TpefioBaTeaen k cbohm hoa- miHeHHUM, cpcjii KOTopux xpynHHM naaHOM noxa3aHH ABoe: jiefireHaHT }KaH6030B h aBTOMaTHHK TyjiereH ToxTapoB. B HcnojiHeHHH JKarnu Ory36aeBa )KaH6o30B — AoOaecTHbift coBeT- CKHii oijiHuep, CeccrpaHiHbiii b 6010, HenoKo.ne6nMhifi Ha (fauiHCTCxoMAonpoce b n.neny, naxoA'iHBufi h ocTpoyMHbift b OTBeTax<j)auiHCTaM.C Apyrofl CTOpoHbi, }Kan0o3OB— HOCtiTcab AHpH'iecxHX mothbob b nbece. Oh 6li.1 paHeH H oc- Taaca npH OTCTyn.ieHHH Ha nojie 60a. Ero cnacjia, BUHeca Ha cbohx iuieaax, KOMCOMOAKa HHHa, AOHb MeCTHOFO napTH3aHa. H3 3T0fi BCTpetll B03HHKJIH HX B33HMHaa JHOSOBb. Pojib TyaereHa ToxTaposa c HenoAAeAbHWM iomopom, yBaeaemieM h hc- KpeiiHOCTbra Hrpaa KaMa/i KapMucoa. Ero TyjiereH — Beceabiax - 3aTe0HHK, neBea h fiajiaryp, .iioShmcu Bcero OaTa.uoiia, HenocpeACTBeHHbifl, c bhctum, xax y pefieHxa, cepaueM. B Haiaae iibecu TyjiereH ToxTapoB xa*eTca 6e3- 3a6oTHHM. Ero Ma.io HHTepecyeT noaojueime Ha cjipoiiTe; mhcjih BHTaiOT erne rAe-TO okojio poAHoro ay.ia. Ha.vibK-y.ibi yAaerca nocreneiiHO pa3(5yAHTb b HeM ayBCToo bohhckoh aecra. ToxTapoBy A3H0 nopyaeime: npHBecTH H3 He- npHaTeJibexoro jiarepa «a3bixa». Ty.iereH Becb yB.ieien 3tii\\i 3aaaHHew. Ho yBAexaeTca on cuopTHBiio, He 3aAyMN8aacb. aah aero Hy*eH 3tot «H3biK». Bot Ty.ieren B03BpamaeTca c rayfioxoff pa3BeAKH, Bo.ioaa aa cofiofi Ha apxane iwcimoro Henna. Ha ero JiHue TopiKecrByromaa y.iuOKa, Koropaa cMe-

asetcs BupaaeiiHesi TpeEorH npH MucaH, mto HeMeu 3auoxcs. TpeBOxmo h HeTepnwiHBO topmoiuht TyaereH iueHHoro,aepraer ero 3a hoc,3a ynra, ei- 6Ba MOweT floxuaTbCB, Koraa, HaKOHcu, ocbo o«btch aoktop,3aHBTuS nepe- 6BH3KOH HaMHC-yau. HaKoneu, HeMeu uieBeaHTCfl, h Torua uiupoKas yjiu Ea CHOBa 03apaeTjihuo TyaereHa. O h cajuics c bhhtobkoh b pynax cTopoxtHTb n.ieHHoro, ne cnycKaa c Hero raa3, xoth HeMeu eae w h b h aaaeK ot nonunoi ■CewaTb. npexpacHo pa3pa6oiaHa axrepoM h peueBas ciopoHa 3toh cueiiN, Bbipa3HTe.3bHwh apKO iiauHOHajibHu neByuc-npoTSJKHuehhtohbuhh eroB03- raacoB inyMneims, ropaocra, Bocropra. KapMucoB b nepBux cueHax aaeT noHHTb 3puTe.no, uto ana TyaereHa pa3Beana — TOJibKo cnopT, wpa. Ho nocac fieceau c HaMuc-yau 3HaueHHe bohhh CTaHOBHTCHeMy noHSTHUM, a caM oh b nocaeaHeii cuene uiTypMa ne- MeuKHX no3HUHHBupacraeT b noa.iHHHoro repos, co3HareabHO JKepTsyioiue- ro »H3Hbio paau BbinoaHeHHs CoeBoro 3aaaHHs. TeMa BOcnmaTeabHofl pa6ora b apwuH, reMa powueuns HecoKpyniH- moh mouih IlaHtpHaoBCKOH aHBH3HH, HecoMHeHHO, 6uaa pacxpuTa h b nbece, B «HaMuc TBapaHscu* Ka3axcKH8 Tearp fiaHxte, ueu b apyrux cnes- Taitm, noaouiea k npaBaHBOMy noKa3y (jipoHia OTeuecTBemoS boShh. Ilpn 3T0Mb 3namiTe.ibHoii Mepe 6bia npeoaoaeH HeaociaTOK (fnt3KyabTypHO0noi- roTOBKii, KOTopbiu pawee CKa3UBaacs bo mhothx cnemioisx Tearpa, Awe- pa, yuacTBOBaBiuue b MaccoBHX cueHax, h aKiepu cpeaHero noKoaeaus,hc- noaHSBUiHe TaKue ponu, xau )KaH6o30B nan TyaereH ToxiapoB, noKa33JiHb ■caewax cppoHTa xopomyio BoeHHyio BbinpaBKy, yMeHbe ofipaiuaTbca c opy- Toabuo HeKoropue aKiepu CTapuiero noKoaemts HecxoabKo orciaBa- au b 9tom OTHouieimn. flawe KaaHfiex KyaHbiuinaeB He Be3ae uyeciBOBa/i cefis cboSouho b MyHaHpe namjmaoBa. Ha o6cy*aeHHH cnemaKas noc.it npeMbepH K). A. 3aBaacKHB 3asBHa, mo KaaHdexy naao npeoaoaeTb 3iy TpyaHocrb: «coBMecTHTb BoeiiHyio BbinpaBKy h BHyTpeHHioio CBo6oay». He aocTHr conepuieiiCTBa h BaaHpoB: era HaMuc-yau xoana nyib-uyib Bpa3Bax- xy. Caafio yaaacs o6pa3 KOMaHaupa mwiKa MvnpoBa Cepiie KowawKyaoBy. Hefioabiuoro poCTa, KopeHadufi, aofipoayuiBoro miaa apmcr Tiuefflociapaa- cs npHaaTb ce6e coauanyio ocaHKy, ero noxoaxa 6uaa cuopee KaimmeMZ, ucm SHeprH'ina, nuuiHue ycu BurasaeaH sbiio npHicaeeHHUMH k aaaexo se BOHHCTBeHHOMy.iHuy. A6HKen XaceHOB b poaH reHepaaa apMHH HanoMHaaa BnmecKoro 6arupa. K H3o6paweHHio (pauiHCTOB cneirraKab noaouiea npaBHabHO, npencraBHB Bpara cuabHUM, wecroKHM. B craHe (pauiHCTOBnan6oaee yaaieH 6hia noaKOBHHK 4>oreab b Hcnoaae- hhm UIanena AfiMawoBa. 06pa3 6ua caeaaH ocipo, 6e3 KapiiKarypHOCTH h HawHMa, Haodopor, axrep noauepKHBaa BHeuiHioio KoppeKraocn, <t>orea«, H3UCKaHH0CTb M3Hep, BHaOUieHRyiO, BblXOaCHHyiO BHeiUHOCTb sroro Heueu- 228

Koro o<t>Huepa b SaecTHiueM MyHaape c aKCeabdamaMH. Ho b to ace BpeMst 6pe3KHe MepTbi anua, XMypufi B3rjraa H3-noa HaBHcumx poBefl, rjiyfioirae MopmiiHbi, npoao.iwaioui.He jihhhio Hoca, nepeKouieHHuft pOT c KpenKo cwa- ibiMH rySaMH — Bee sro BbiuBJituto cyxocrb h SeccepaeiHe noaxoBKHKa, no.i- HOe OTcyrcTBHe 'le.iOBeiHOCTH b ero xapainepe. 3BepcTBa Haa n.ieHHUMii He bojihvtot ero, HaoOopoT, aocTaBJisuoT eiuy iiacaawaeHHe. riepea 3pHTeaeM <t>orenb nouBJisuica b aByx cuenax: cHanaaa — HaaMeH- Hbiti h caMoyBepeHHbifl — oh aonpaniHBaa n.ieHHoro >KaH6o30Ba, 3aTCM, B3H- thh b naeu, MpaiHbift h y6HTUii, caM nonaaaa Ha aonpoc k XaH6o30By. CneKTaxab «HaMuc rBapanacho cTaBH.i h pa3peuiaa cymectBeHHyio npoOaeMy yKpenaeHHH CoeBoil ao&iecra na (JipoHTe. OcnoBHoe BHHMaHHe b Hen yaeaeHo WHBOMy neaoBeKy Ha (ppoHTe, c ero ropaneft nioOoBbio k PoaH- ne, c ero repomecKHMH noptJBaMH, co BceMH ero 3a6oraMH h BOJiHeHHHMH, 6h TOJibKO BxopocreneHHoe 3HaieHiie hmbjih aTa.ibHue citeHu. HaKonen, sto fibia Bhipa3HTeJibHbift HauHOHaabHbiii cneicramib, nocKoabKy oh npaeaHBo pH- 6coBan HauHOHa.ibHue xapaKTepu, BCKpHBaa nCHxoaorwo K33axcKoro Bonna, nonaBmero b o cTaHOBKy (ppoHra. B npoTHBonoaowHocTb 3T0My, TeMa HanpaweHHoro rpyaa b m a y Ha 6cueHe Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa Tan h He no.iyMH.ia cepbe3iioro pa3BHTH9. 3 toS Tewe uaa nocBHUieHa nbeca Ajibwanapa ACHiuesa, HOCHBinan BHaiaae Ha3BanHe «CTpaniHbie rocm*, ho 3areM nepeHMeHOBaHHaa a «Ku- 6parbi.ibiK», mto 3H3MHT «BaHTejibHocTbs. CraBHa cneKTaioib pewHccep Ay a- KHp HcMannoB. OaHano Ha oSmecTBeimoM npocMOTpe b Hio.ie 1942 roaa 6uan 6OTMeieHbi KpynHue HeaocraTKH h b nbece, h b nocraHOBKe. Bo BTopofl peaaic- uhh cneKTaiciib ua BhinymeH ToabKO b KOHue 1942 roaa, ywe nocae npeMb- epbl «HaMHC TBapaHHCbl*. 6/IpaMaiypr noaowKa b ocHOBy aoweTHofi aiiHHH m>ecu BpeaHTeabcxyio pa ory HeMeuKHX mnaoHOB, dpohhkuihx Ha oaHH «3 BoeHHbix 3aBoaoB Ka3ax- cTana. B nepBoii peaaKUHH nbecu noxowaeims sthx umHOHOB 33HHMa.iH oc- HOBHoe Mecro h 33c.iohh.ih o6pa3H noaowHTeabHux repoeB coiwaaHCTHHCCKO- 6ro rpyaa. flpH nepepaSorKe nbecu neiirp bhhmbhhh ua nepeneceH co «crpaixiHux rocTefi» na OaHTeabHocrb cobctckhx rpawaaH b may, mto no- naeKao 3a coQoii h ynoMHHyioe ywe H3MeHeHHe Ha3BaHHH nbecu. fleiicTBHe nbecu pa3BepruBaeTC8 b ropnoM pafloHe Ka3axciaHa, rae 06- HapyweHH 3aaewa ueimux MeraaaoB. 3aecb iiaMeuaercH nocrpoHica BawHoro BoeHHoro 3aBoaa. 3HTy3HacTaMH cTpoHreabCTBa b nbece noKa33HU HHweHep Aii6ac, ero aoib Aiima h cuh ApucraH, paneHufi Ha ippoHTe. H m .npoTHBonocTaBaeH ao- aupb, XBaciyH h nycTouejiH /Kapiudaii, h b cypoBue aHH bohhu He MeHH- joiuhS CBoero o6pa3a w h 3h h . /IerKOMucjiHeM JKapTufian naib3yioTCH BparH: HeMeuioie rnraoHu, npo- 6HHKUiHe b KaaaxcraH noa BHaoM SBaKyHpoBaHHUx. Cpeau hhx Moaoaaa weH- uiHHa, Bbiaaiouiaa ce a 3a Haaio BypMeHKO, aenyrata BepxoBHoro CoBeTa 229

yupaHHU. Om jiobko onyiuBaeT )KapTbi6aa, aeaaeT ero Hrpyuixofl a cbohx pyxax. CeB<j>ynaa TeawapaeB TpaKTOBaa )KapTbi6aa b rinaae xaoyHaau h y»- pnaca b HeyMepeHHbia komh3M. 3aMeiaHH!i Ha nepBOMoSmecTBeHHOMnpoc- Moipe necKoabKOyMepaaH ero nun, ho Bee we He npiiBMH b mhhctbo c <&■ LUHUxapaKTepoM cnexiaxaa. BHemiiocTb )KapTu6aa Cuaa nojqepKHyro KOMHina: oh oqem> ioh, cob- ceM noflpocroK, xpyraue raa3a, pacraiiyrufi poT, H3-noa xenxH, cjreHHyioB Ha33TU/I0K, TOpqHTKHOKBOHOC. TpyAHo nOBepHTb, HTO3T0 Cepbe3HU0 cneuH- aaHCT-reoaor, npopa6 reoaoropa3seaoBHoft rpynnu. flBHraeTCa )KapTbi6afl iiapoKaro KOMHqecxoS noxoaxoB— MeaxHMH majKKaMH, Ha cornyThix xoaeHax. B nrpe oh rpHMacHHiaer, xaonaeTce6ano ,i6y, Bpamaer raaaaMH, BociuiHHaeT to HcnyraHHO, to Bocropweimo: «o8- (5ofl». MHorjia ero Hrpa o6pameua npaMOb 3pHieabHbiSaan: 6pocHBpenjiaxy, amep oTBopaMHBaerca ot CBoero napruepa h cmotpht npaMO b ny&mxy. Bo BpeMa riepBofi BCTpeiH c HaaeS BypMeHKO )KapTbi6a5 3acraBaer B H3yMHeHHH H BOCTOpweHHOpaCCMaTpHB3er ee, TO1KOSHKOBHHHyK) HTpyill- ay. 3areM npaxopauniBaerca, oTpaxaBaeioa, nonpawiaeT rancryx. ripe*® 'ICMiioparb pyxy, naxiCTHa aaaoiib Hflonro Tper eeo Spam B nepBOM Bapiiame nocraHOBKH )Kapru6a0 coBceM no-aercKH Ben ceoa b (pHiia.ibHoA cueHe, nocae apecTa hiiihohob. Oh onpoMerbio Bneran b koh- saTy, 6pocaacHHa aHBaH, 3apuBaaca c roaoBoS b noayuiKHh fioaraa Horaai b B03ayxe, Kax Hanpoxa3HBiuHH hikojibhhk. nocae oficyxaeHHa nocraaoB- ihhk npHHy*aeH 6bia cymecTBCHiio H3MenHTb siy MH3aHCueHy: )Kapra6ai MeaacHHo Bxoaiu b KOMHary, noHypuB u CMyiueimuB, 6ecouibHo onycaaaci Ha CTya y caMoro Bxoaa, noroM fipocaaca Ha xoaemi nepea AfifiacoM, yaw- ana o npomeHim. Ho Bee cypoeo OTBopanHBaaiicb ot Hero. npKMHTHBHO oSpHCOBaHH B CHeKTaiUieH HeMeUKHemnHOHbl. Ohb nocw- hhho orJiaabreaioTCHno cropoHaM, raHHCTBeHHOHienqyrcn Meataycollofi,npa- HHMaiOTHaCTOpOJKeHHbie n03H. HenpoayMaHHOCTb o(ipa30B, noBepxHocTHhie npaeMbi aereKTma h xao- VHaau CHH3IUH xyaowecTBeiiHyio h Haefiiiyio uemiocrb cnexTaxaa. ,fla*e cneKTaicab «Cuh cararra*, npn Bcefi anpanecxofi hhthmhocth CBoefi ochob- hoBciowerHofl hhhhh, Beewe cepbe3Hec TpaxTOBaa tcmu couHaaiicnwecKoro rpyaa b aHH boBhu, qeM cneiwaabHo nocBaiueHHbiB sthu reuau «Kupa- C 1943 roaa b pa6oie Ka3axcxoro TeaTpa no co3aaHHio cneKTaxaefi aa axryaabHbie TeMUHa6a»aaeTca aocaanoe 3aTHuibe. B ce30He 1943/44 roja Teaip He nocraBKa hh oaaoro cnexTaxaa Ha tcmu coBpeMeHHofi wh3HH. He BHecaa hoboio b pa3pa6orxy BoeHHoB TeManixH h nbeca «KbwanTan Kiumui» («06aaweHHuB Men.), xora HanacaHa oHa 6uaa b unoroo6enaio- meM corpyaHHqecTBe MyxTapa Ay330Ba h TaOHra MycpenoBa. «KfcJHanraH kbi-iuiuj, noaofiHo «rnapaHH qecra*, noBecTByer o noaBH- 230

Tax 8 rBapaeflCKOH ahbmhh hmbhh renepajia IlaHcpwiOBa. Ho BMecTO noA- ahhhoh BCTopiiH b nbece noKa3aHw BhiMNin.ieHHbie repoH h BhiMbmiAeHHhie •coSuthh, npHTOM Majio y6eAHTeAbHbie. fleficTBHe nbcchi pacTHHyro Ha Hec- KOJibKO.ieT h oxBaTHBaeT nepHoa c Haiaaa bohhhi ao b3hthh BepAHHa. FepoH tibecbi — pyccKHii h Ka3ax — ak>6ht OAHy AeayuiKy. Flo npnxo™ aBTopoB Bee Tpoe nonaaaioT Ha (JipoHT b OAHy aacTb. 3aecb MOAOAbie AefiTenaHTbi 6oe- BbiMH noABHraMH CTpeMHTCH 3aB0eBaTb cepAue AeByuiKH. CoBepmeKHO omobhaho, hto MOTHBHpoBaTb BOHHCKyio AofiaecTh repoeB 8 rBapAeiicKoft ahbh3hh copcbhobbhhcm B.iio6aeHHhix ctojib we HeyMecTHO, Kan HCKaTb KOpHH STOii AOGiieCTH B CTBpUHHOMSnOCe, B BelUHX CHax HAHBOCnOUH- H3HHax o KoCaanAbi h MaHace. B nbece 6ha h APyroiS arnnoA. HecxoAbKO HanoMHHaBuiHfi CHTyaunio H3 «rBapAHH iecTH»: oaho H3 AeficTByiomHx ahu na $poHTe 6e3 cyaa yGnaaeT npeaaTeAH, ero BpeMeuno orcTpaHaioT ot aoawhocth, Kan h HaMuc-yau. Ho btot anH30A tenepb 6ha pa3BepHVT MeHee coaepwaTeAbHo. CneKTaKAb «KbmanTaH kmauhi* 6ua noarOTOBAeH k XXV-AeTHio Kasax- tKofl pecnySjiHKH h noxasaH 3pHTeAio b HosSpe 1945 roaa. Ho no HaeftHOMy coaep*aiiHio oh abacko ycTynaa nocraHOBKau BoeKiiofi TeniaTHKH 1941—42 roaoB. Biopyio 3naHHTCAbHyio ahhhk) b penepTyape Ka3axcnoro AKaaeMHiec- «oro TeaTpa 3a roau bohhu cocraBASAHnbccbi (froAbKAopHo-HCTopHHecKoroco- AepacaHHH, npoaoAHcaBiuHe oiiwt, CTOAb yaaiHo HaiaTuS cnexTaKAHMH «HcaTafi — Maxain6eT» h «Ko3bi-Kopneiu —• BaaH-CyAy*. 3Ta ahhhh Ha Ka3axcKofi cueHe He CAyiafiHa, nocKOAbxy h b apyrex Ha- nHOHaAbHhix TeaTpax CoBercKoro Coio3a, ocofieHHO b TeaTpax Cpeaneft A3HH, b tot HCTopniecKHS nepHOA 0Ha HMeaa 3HaiHTeAbnoe pa3BHTHe. Hmchho b roAH BOHHbi nocTaBAeHbi 6biAH nbechi «MyK3HHa» XaMiiaa AAHMA*aHa, «fljKaAaAerAHii» Maxcyaa UIeflx-3aae, «HaBOH» yftryna h IteaT CyATaHo- sa b y36eKHcraHe, «KypMaH6ei» KacbiMaAbi /BKaiiTMiieBa, «^F*aHUA» Ky- fiaHbmSera MaAHKOBa h A.MaHKyaa KyrryGaeBa b Kaprn3nn, «TaxMOC Xoa- weHTCKHS* MyxaMea*ana KacbiMOBa h CyATaHa CaHA-MypaAOBa, «Moa- HaAHBblH UHpiOAbHHK* RiKaMJia HxpaMH B TaAWHKHCTaHe, «MaXTVM-KyAH» BepAbi KepfiafiaeBa, «rep-orAbi» Aia KayuiyroBa, *KeMHHe» Ba3apa A.MaHO- Ba b TypKMeHHH... Cnem-aKAH (poAboopHoro coAepwaHHa BnoAHe 6mah VMecTHbi b toam BeAHKoB OTeiecTBeHiioii boBhu, KorAa iiamucTCKHe noAiHiua, BTopriuneca u npeAeAhi CoBercxoro Coi03a, BapBapCKH rpoMHAH na.MHTHHKH cxapHHbi, npoHBAHAH HeHaBHCTb h npeHe6pe*eHHe k HauHOHaAbHUM KyAbrypaM h cok- pOBHHia.M HapOAHOro TBOpweCTBa. FloCTHHOBKaMH CpOAbKAOpHblX nbec HaUHO- HaAbHbie TeaTpbl B npOTHBOBeC 3TOMVABMOHCTpHpOBHAH GoraTCTBO H MHOro- 231

rpaHHOcn. cbohx HauHoiia.ibHwx KyjftTyp, Gepewaoe oi CoBercKoS cTpaHbi k xyaoxtectBeHHOMy Hacneawio HapoaoB. K 3T0My Haflo£o6aBHTb, wo (jjo^bmiopuo-HCTopH'iecKaa nbeca Ha aauH- oHa.ibHofl cueHe aaBaaa MaTepaaa ana repoHKo-naTpHorHiecKoro cneKTaiwa. Beamus OreHecTBeHHaa BOiiHa oGocTpuaa tyBCTBOcoBeratoro naTpHOTOMa, nauHOHa.ibHOH ropaocra. narpnoTHMecKHft noateii B036yaHU b HauHOHa®- hux pecnyfijinnax ocofibifi HHtepec k HCTopmecKHMcyabGaM CBoero Hapoaa, k npom.ibiM sianaM ero repomecKOH Gopb6bi c sparoM, yrpoxaBumM awa- BHCHMOCTHPoAHHU. BupaxemeM coBeTCKoro naTpnorH3Ma Gu.ih cneicraKAH o HapoAHtix repoflx npouiaoro, o aoSaecTHux noaxoBOAUax, 3aiuHiuaBiiiHx poaHyio 3eu- aio ot Bpara. Tax nouBHAHCb Ha pycatoft cueHe cneKTaitim o (peubAnapina- ae Kyry30Be, reHepaaHcciiMyce CysopoBe, aaMHpaae HaxHMOBe, Ha yupa- hhckoh cueHe—o Boraane XMeabKHUKOM, Ha cueHe TeaTpoc CpeuHea A3hh — o MaxtyM-KyJiH, AjiHiuepe HaBOH « t. a. Ha Ka3axcKoii cueHe awnui <j>oabKaopHoro penepTyapa Hauauach c nbec couHaabiio-fitJTOBoro couepxaHHH, HanpaB-ierntbix npoTHB tcmhux nepe- xhtkob npomaoro, ho BcaeA 3a rest Taxwe npHofipeaa repoiiKO-narpHOTH- uecKHfi xapaKTep, aupawaa Hueio 6opb6u napoaa c uyxeaeMHiJM BparoM, nanaBUiHM Ha ero poflHHy. K Hauajiy ce30Ha 1941/42 roaa b nopnjieae reaTpa 6nao m nbecu (poJibKjiopnoro coaepwaiiHfl: apanta raffirra Mycpenoaa «AxaH-cep3 — Ax- toktu* h KOMeaHH-CKa3Ka UJaxMeTa XycaHHOBa «Aauap-Koce>. B aaue hoboio xyaoxeCTBeHHoro pvKOBOAHTeaa M. H. roabA&iaia 3?a jihhhh npKo6peJia aKTHBHoro CTopoHHtiKa. B Ka3axcKOM Teaipe 6um B03Mo*HOCTb co3uaib Ha (fo^bK-iopHOM MarcpHaae npHnoAHHTO-TeaTpa- JiH30BaHi(ue, oGcraHOBOHHbie cnewaiuiH, Korophie Moryr yBueib sparex* CorarcTBOM xpacoK, KpacoTo® My3bira, ahhbmhkoB MH3aHCuen. IIosTOiiy, npeuociaBHB cbohm accHdeHiaM paGory aaa 3ao6oAKeBHo8 bochhoB Telia.- THKofi, ToisnaHOBy—Haa nbecaMH «Cnh carana* h «JKeHrac xupM>. HcMaHAOBy—Haa nbecoiS «KbiparuabiK», loabAGaar B3nac« craBHTi o6e cpoaboopHbre nbecu.

cpe.au aHTepaTypoBeaoB ao chx nop BeayTca cnopu o MHp0B033peiiHii' A btop nbeCH rafinr MycpenoB caMOCTOHT&nbHo pa3peuiHJi stot Bonpoc. O h paccMaipHBaer AxaHa xax nporpeccHBHoro nosra h aeateas, xax ry- 6MaHHcra, Bpara HCJiaMa, BCTynaiomero b cxBarey c ero caywiiteaiiMH. no ero MH HHK), AxaH cflftnaaca CTpauCTByiomHM nosroM noc-ae Toro, nan pa30- sapOBaacH b MycyjibMaiicxoS peJinriiH, nonaa (Jia/ibiiib h OTCTaviocrb ee cay- xcmeaeft. Her comhchhh, hto aBTOp b nbece HecKOJibKO ycHJiHJi aHTHpeJiH- 6rno3iibie HacTpoeHHH Axana, npHflaa eMy aepTH yKTapa npoTim Hcaavia. 3to 3aocTpeHHe o6pa3a paflH Go.ibuieii hpkoctii m>ecu, paan Goaee lerao- ro BbiaeaeHHa ee ockobhoB naew nan KawercH Bnoime npaBOMepuHM. OcHOBHbiM npoTHBHHKOM AxaHa b iihece npeflCTasaen rjiaBa MecTHofi MeieTH xa3peT Hayan, aaabHHg poACTBeHHHK Axana, BJiacToJnofieu, Aepwa- LHHH nos CBOHM BJlHHHHeM BCIO OKpyry. B 3TOH MeUeTH, yneHHKOM KOTOpOH COCTOHT AxaH, H HaHHHaeTCH ACftCTBHe CneKTEKAB. 6H a cneHe — TaHHCTBeHHbiii noxyMpax. B rxy HHe — bxoa b MeaeTb, Bopora H3 THKeabix HceJie3Hbix npytbeB, yrproMbic, aaBHimie. 3a pemetKofi — nearo Bpoae BHyrpeHHero ABopHxa Meacm B ueirrpe ero MepuaeT caafibifl oroHex. Boxpyr orna — recHoe xoxbuo xcuieHonpexxo- HeHHbix $Hryp, to otBeuiHBaKiinHX hok hohu, to noxaqHaaioiUHxca BnpaBo h B-’ieBO noA MOHOTOHHoe 3ayHbiBiioe neHHe. 3 to yaeHHXH xa3pera pa3yqn B310T MOJIHTBy. BHe3anHo THmnBy npope3aeT pe3KHfi, HeroAyxmiHfi B03raac: «Xa3peT! 51 Tpe6yio cnpaBeAXHBOcra!»— h Ha cueHy crpeMHrejibHo B6eraeT AxaH, B3BOJIHOBaHHblft H B03MymeHHblfl. Oh TOJlbKO HTO 6bUI CBHfleTeJieM CTpaUl- Horo 3A0ABHHHH. Xa3peT npHXa3aJl CpOCHTb HCHBOfi B MOrHAy CBOK) M.iaA- uiyx) jxeHy Map3Hio, npoBHHHBUiyx>CH To.ibxo b tom, hto ona nexa rpeiimue MHpcxne necHH... 3riojma ApaMaTH3Ma Berpeia Axana c xa3peroM, hx cnop o Map iie,. 6Ao b o a h m h B ofiowx ao SoJibuioro 3MOKHoiiajibnoro naxaxa. Ho AxaH we m o - JKeT Ao HTbCH HH CnpaBeAJIHBOCTH, HH MHJIOCepAHH: HayaH HeyMOJIHM s CBOeM CypOBOM npHrOBOpe. flOTpHCeHHblfi HCeCTOKOCTbK) peAHTHH, AxaH TyT *o peuiaeT nopBaib c Hefi. Hah Hanepexop none xa3peTa, oh cnacaeT Map- 3HK) ot CMepTH: nepeoAeB Moxoayio xceauuMy MaxbanxoM, ycTpaHBaeT ee- 8nofier H3 Metera. 3a-reM h caM c B03rxacoM «ripoma , aa\\» naBcerAa no- KHAaer MeteTb. B-ropaa xapraaa nepeHOCHT 3pHTexa b aom AxaHa. Jlexa Ha Marxofi TaxTe, onepuiHCb Ha noAyniXH, AxaH ueHHXOM norpyweH b TBopaecTBO — coaHHaeT HOByx) necHio. C Goxbmofl coGpaHHocrbio npoBOAHT 3Ty cueny IUaxeH AftMaHOB, Hcno.iHax)mnH poxb AxaHa. BHHMa-rexbHO npacxyuiH- EaeTCH oh x MeaoAHH, xo-ropyro Haarpueaer Ha AOMfipe, cHaaaxa HeyBe- peHHo, pofixo, hotom Bee TBepwe h onpeAexeHHefi. M uoib 3aHHTa powAaro- iue&cH b nywe MexoAHefi.

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r.ivCoKoe HCKpeHHee BOAHeHHe oxBaTUBaao ero npn cToaxHOBeHHH c uaps- 1UHMH B 5KH3HH3AOMH HaCHAHCM. Tperaa xaprana HanHHaeTCH nepea 3anaBecoM mohoaotom KoHKaa, ot- ca Axtokth. Pojib 3Ty nrpaa Cepxe KoxaMxyaoB, co3aaBaa HCKAiotHTeab- Hbifi no apKocra o6pa3 jKaaxoro, 3a6aioro crapHKa, oGhiho pacTepaHaoro, CecnoMouiHO o3Hpaiomeroca no cropoHaM. Ho b arofi aapraHe KoHxafl b xopomeM HacTpoeHHH. Ero caMo.noGHra abctht nepcnexraBa nopojuiHTbca •co 3narabiM JKajiMynaHOM; KpoHe roro, oh noayqHa or xteHHxa b noaapox HOBHfi xaaaT, xpacHuft c 30aotom. C rayiiHM caMoaoBoabHHM bhaom Koh- 6Kafi chaht na aBancHeHe, ninpoxo paccraBHB Horn, o MaxHBaa noAoaoM py- OaxH cboh BcnoTeBoiHfi * hbot. Ha roaoBe y Hero Bbicoxaa Koanaxoo6pa3- • Haa rnanxa, Korapyio CTapHK to HaABHraeT Ha caMbie GpoBH, to ahxhm yaapoM Kyaaxa craaKHBaeT Ha 3araaoK. FopaeAHBO npoxawHBaeTca oh b •CBoeM hobom OAeaHHH, noAXBaraB noau xaaaia h noaGpacuBaa hx, Kan nyuiHCTbiB xboct. HamiHaioTca npHroTOBaeHHa x tok>. U,epeMOHH0Me0CTepoM na CBaabGe, aanpaBHaoS Hrp h yBeceaeHHfi BbicrynaeT 3Aecb Cepaa.’ibi, roace host h ne- neu, ho, b nporaBonoaoacHOCTb AxaHy, nosT 6ecraaaHHbifi, neBeu 6e3roao- cbifi. 3 to 03ao6aeHHbifl HeyAaaHHx, cboahuwB aHHHue ciera, Meaxaa, 3a- BHcrauBaa ayuiOHxa noa Macxoft Beceaofi npHBeraHBocra. KaMaa KapMU- cob cbirpaa siy poab c oGuhhoB aah Hero aeTxocrbio. B ueHTpe BHHMaHHa coGpaBUiHxca Ha rofi — HeeecTa Aktoktu, HeBe- ce.iaa, 3aayM>iHBaa, h jkohhx JKaaMyxaH, TopjxecrayiomHfi noGeay. H3 HecxoabXHx axrpHC, npoGoBaBuiax roTOBHTb poab Axtokth, Haa- ayraiHX pe3yabTaTOB aoGnaacb Moaoaaa, HeaaBHO npHHHTaa b Tpynny TeaT- pa lUoanaH )Kanaap6eK0Ba. OHa curpaaa Axtokth AHpHiecxH-npoHHKHo- EeilHO, C HCXpeHHHM HVBCTBOM. Xoporn Gua h EaioGafi yMyp3axoB b poan )KaaMyxaHa: iiacToauiHii «Tope» — Geaaa xocra, noTOMOx MHHrHC-xana, BucoxoMepHufl, 3anociHBUii, HanuweHHHfi, Heaoerymibiii, cxpwBaiomHfl noa bhcluhhm GaaropoacrBOM no- poiHOCTb HH3KOH, kophctoawGhboh avhjh;HeaapoM 3tot Tope Toraac noiuea na CAeaxy c xa3peroM h co CBoeft coaecTbio, 3a6na Map3HK>, eaBa AHUib xa3peT nooGemaa enty b atenu xpacaBHuy A xtokth. CpeaH rocrefi Ha Toe ocoGerao BHaeaaercH rayxoHeMofl cwaai Baay- aH, o6Ha<eHHH0 npnpoaofi Goabiuoii peGeHox. y Hero — He3ao6HBoe, iHcroe •cepaae. Ho, OTropowcHHuS CBoefl rayxoTofi or oGiuecTBa, oh naoxo pa36n- paercH, rae aoGpo, rae aao. KaanGex KayHHoinaeB c HCxaioiKTeabHofi bh- pa3HTeabHOcn>io Hrpaa ary rpyaHyio GeccaoBecnyio poab, apxofi mhmhkoh nepeaaBaa BHaaaae rpareaHio oahhokoh, noqra nepBo6HTBoft ayuiH, a 3a- TeM nocreneHHoe poacaeiiHe b Heft uiHpoxHx HeaoBeaecxHx lyBcra. Kax peGeHox, paayercfl BaayaH, nonaB Ha rofi, waaHO cTpeMHTCH no- •HHTb cmhca Bcero, mto Boxpyr Hero npoHexoaHT. floarafi npHcraabiiufi B3raaa ero ocraHaBAHBaeTCH to Ha oahom, to Ha apyroM H3 npHcyrcrByio- 235

iuhx. To oh CopMoieT hto-to npo ce6a, meBejiH BbinaneHHHMH ryfiaMii, to pa3pa*aeTC9 HeowHAaHHHM, 6e3 bkahmoh npHHiiHtj CMexoM, orphiBHcruM naK naiueab hah BCX^HnuBame. HHorja oh rpy6oBaro 3aHrpuBaer c Ae- BvuiKaMH- Monaer oahy H3 hhx AOM6pofl no crmne, AeAaeT crpauiHoe ah- uo, 6pocaacb hx aobhti>; h paAOcrao xoxo'ier, KorAa AeByinKH c BH3roM pa36eraiOTCH. OcTaBuiHCb oahh, c AOMSpoS b pyxax, BanyaH ropecrno nepexcHBaeT cbok) r.'iyxoiy h owyjKAeiiHOCTb. ripHrayBuiHCb yxoM k AOMSpe, ociopowHo KacaeTca erpyn, ctymiit naabuaMH no Ky30By... HHiero He cjihuiho. Tor® c oTHBHHHeM xsaiaer ce6g 3a yxo h, kbk 6vato oropBaB ero, fipocaer Ha 3etuiro. Hanpa*eHHOCTb cueHHiecKoro aeiiciBHa 6ypno HapaCTaeT, xoraa b pa3rape toh 3a cueHofi pa3AaeTCa 6oApan necHb Axana, h cau host, ospy- weiiHHfi noHHTaTeAHMH, noBBaaeTCH cpeAH rocrefi. CaeAyeT ero BCTpeia c Aktokto. Hanepexop o6uiaio, Axan cxie-io noAXOAHT k HeBecre h 3aKAio- MaeT ee b o6t>hthh, B036y>KAaH 6yp» neroAOBaHHH cpeAH npHCAHHceKHUX KCHtixa. Ha3peBaiomyio ccopy npepuBaeT npHxoA HayaHa, Koropufi rowe BHe ce6a ot meBa, bhah, n o btot neiecTHBeu erne pa3 craHOBHTCa eMy no- riepeK nyra. Xa3peT npoKAHHaeT Axana, oCwrenaa ero BparoM HCAaMa. Tama OTiuaraBaeTCH or iiero. OahiiokhA, ho He caomachhuP, b roPACAHBoS no3e ctoht AxaH, rorAa Kax bch Macca rocTefi, onacAHBO norAHAUBaa Ha Hero, *Merca b ApyroM yrAy. H TOAbKo rpo3H3a (jmrypa xa3pera c aahhhhm nocoxOM b pyxe, ko- TopHM oh HHorAa B3MaxHBaeT, B03BbimaeTca HaA TonnoS. B btot Mo.iieHT npoHCxoAHT HecAHxairaoe Hapyuieirae uiapHaTa. AktoK' to, bhah OAHHoaecrBo B03.no6AeHHOro, b CTpacTHOM nopaiBe 6pocaercn K HeMy. Pyica 06 pyxy, MeAneHHhiMH, pobhhmh maraMH ohh yxoAaT c toh, b TAyCnHy cueHH, Aawe He orAHAHBaacb Ha noTpaceHHyK) Toany. PoAHTeAH Aktokto b oTaaaHHH, npaieM 06a pearapyioT coo6pa3HO CBoeMy xapaKTepy. CAa6oBOAbHbifi, CecnoMoujHHft KoHxafl nwraeica npHA- th Ha noMonib k AoiepH, ho, He Aoiiia Ao Hee, ofipamaeTCa b eropoHy Axa- Ha, nacKaKHBaa Ha Hero ksk 3aA0pHnft o6mnnaHHtJH neryx. OKpywaioiaHe noAXBaTOsaioi crapaxa noA pyKH, h nopuB ero Tyr we racHer, fieccHAHe CKa3biBaerca bo bcbx abhwchhhx, B3rAaA pacTepaHHO yapeMAaerca Ha xa3peTa, moah o nomaae. Man> Aktokto, flaMeAH, c BonAeM ahkoto owaa- HHa Spocaerca BCAeA3a yxoAamefi Aoaepbio, ho, bhah nHeraocTb cbohx npH- 3hbob, c pnAaHHeMnaAaeTHa 3eMAto. IlocAe yxoAa Aktokto caMoyBepeHHufi paHbuie JKaAMyKan BHe3anH0 TepaeT roAOBy, CaMOAiofinio ero HaHeceH HecAbixaHHuft yAap. CaeAyiOfflaa KapTraa noKa3biBaeT ero noAaBAeHHUM, OKOHaaTeabHO 3amkhvbiuhmca b ce- 6e. IlocAe ocKop6AeHHa, Koropoe HaHecAa eMy Aktokto, X(aAMyxaH CTa- HOBHTca eme wecne, HanpaweHHeft, kok 6vato HeyaaHa b wrami cobcbm CBeAa ero cyAoporoS. B nrore o6pa3 mwiyiaAca MpaiHufi h 3AOBeiua0.

06B BTOT THWejIUH flJlH >Ka.'MVKaHa M M HT Ha nOMOIUb eMy npnxo- jiht xa3peT, H3BoporjiHBuii yM Koioporo npHflvMbiBaeT y*e HOBbie iiojuioctii 6 6 8h anofleswHH, amiib u noBepHyn> xoa co uth b cbokj noab3y. ripH coaeft- ctbhh CepaajiH o h 3anyrHBaeT A ktoktu:earn OHa He OTCrynHTCH ot Axa- 6 6 0306aa, tot yaer y m poacTBeHHHKaMH KajiMyxaHa. PaaH cnaceiiHa B JH - 6vieHHoro A ktoktu aaer coraaCHe Ha pan. O&bacHeHHe c aoiepbio nocae ee yxoaa c toh — ayiuiaa caeHa b pan« /IaMeau-PaxHH KoftqyfiaeBoft. M att noHHMaeT, <m> Span c )Ka;iMyKaHOM ne npHHecer aoiepa ciacrbs. HcKpeHHe nepeaaeT apracTKa rope MaTepii, npHHywaeHHOH npoTHB boah aaTb (SaarocaoBeHHe Ha 3tot Span: cae3u rpa- aoM KaTHTCa H3 ee raa3. 006 006Co3aaHHbi8 KofinyfiaeBofi o6pa3 He OAHOKpacoieH. Ona bhocht b Hrpy H AHpH3M, H MHTKHft MMOp, C eHH B paUjeHHH C pofilCHM MyjKeM: KoH- xaft hbho noSaHBaeTca rpy6oBaTO-ao6poayunibix okphkob (SoftKoft, Hanopn- 66■croft .flaMeau, oh 6oh3hhbo npnceaaeT, wajwo y HHT hto-to naaKCHBUM jKaaoOHbiM roaocoM. OropieHiie KoHKaa oaHaxo 6uerpo npoxoaHT, xoraa Aktoktu aaer coraacHe Ha 6pax. BunaraB rpyab, ciiOBa noaxBaTHB C3aan xaaar, oh to- ponaHBO flexor onoBecTHTb Hapoa o npoao.meiiHK toh. CaeHa flpaKocoieTaHHH — uaiifloaee 3axBaTbisaioutaH h HanpflxeHHaa 3b cneKTaicjie. HaanHaeTCH OHa b TopxecTBeHHOM, npHnoaHHTOM pHTMe, a 1KCTOpbiM, oaHaKO, yxe CKpHBaeTCH TpeBOra npeaiyBCTBHe bo3moxhoto cKaHaaaa. 3a hcbhcokhm ctoahkom nocpeaHHe caeiiu pacnoaaraercH xa3- per. BHa ero rp03eH h HenpeKJioHeH, naabiiu HepBHO nepeflnpaiOT aeTKH. O koao xa3pera — TiueayoiHaH (jiHrypxa KoitKaa, CHaamero c pa3HHyrbM pTOM h noiminbiBaiomero xhakvio OopoaeHKy. O h riaoxo pa3finpaeTca b TOM, MTO npOHCXOAHT BOKpyT, H C TpeBOTOfi nOMHAUBaeT TO Ha JKeHHXa, TO aa HeBecTy, HaxoAsnilHXCH b pa3Hux yraax cuenu. 6Xa3per jiarocuoBJiHer CBHiaeiiHyio aamy: ee AoaxKbi npHryflHTb xe- 6hhx h HeBecTa b 3HaK toto, n o ohh CBH3b!BafOT cefla V3BMH paKa. Cep- aaau, BunoaHaa cho xhuS CBaaeflHuft uepeMoiraaa, noaHOCHT aaiiiy >Kaa- MyxaHy, KOTopufi peuiHTeabHO omHBaeT taotok. Ho xoraa aarna nonaaaer b pyKH A ktoktu, HaerynaeT MHHyTa MyiHTeabHoro KoaeflamiH. My3biKa BTopraeTCH b aeftcTBHe. lloa Taxeaue aracopau A ktoktu npHnoaKHuaeTca 6co CBoero Meaa h npoTHTHBaer aarny npaMO b 3pirreabHUfi 3aa, KaK u cnpamHBaa coBera, MeaaeHHO noaxoaor k rpynne noapyr h b TOCKe KJiaaer roaoBy Ha rpyab oahoS H3 hhx, c TpeneroM B03BpamaeTca Ha CBoe Mecro 3OKoao MaTepH h roraa ToabKo noaHOCHT aamy k ryflaM. HanpaxeHHO cae- aht npHcyTcrayiomHe a ee ABHxeHHHMH. Komcaft Becb BUTHTHBaerca no nanpaBaeHHW k Heft, noayoTKpuruft por ero hto-to inenaer. KaK H3BaaHHe 3acrua Haa Toanoft xa3per: OKaMeHeBuiHft B3op ero yerpeMaeH npaMO ne- pea cofloii. B 3tot mht HanpaweKHyio THUJHHy npope3aeT pe3KHft Bosraac: «Ocra-

HOBHtecb!*. 3 to B03raac AxaHa, erne pa3 npHineamero, itoGu pa3pymnn> Gpax. Ho ywe no3AHO. MmiyTa xcaeGaiiHa npoiuaa, Aktoktu peuiHTeabHO iibmHBaer poxoBofi nattHTOK, h miaaa co 3bohom najaer H3 ee pyx. Tenepb o»a npHHaaaewHT Myxy... HanpaxemiaH THimraa cpa3y CMeHaerca oGihhm uivmom h ABioneimeM. Ha nepBufi nJiaH Buerynaer KanMyxaii. FIoqyBCTBO- BaB cefifl XO3HHH0MnOAOXCHHH, OH npHK83UBaeT CBOHMApy3bHM (cpO* mix h BaayaH) BUTOHKHyrb boh h H36im> Axana... Boabmofi xyAOxecTBemiufl TaKT npoaBHJi pexHecep, nepeHeca H36)ie- irae AxaHa sa xyaHCU. npexpacHaa pexHCcepcxaa HaxoAKa—B03Bpame- HHe Ha cueHy Ba.iyaHa nocae pacnpaBU c AxaHOM. MeaneuHO, Taxeao ne- pecrynaa. ABHxerca BaayaH H3 rayGiiHU Ha aiiaHCueiry, B ero pyxe pa36H- Taa aosiCpa c oSopBaimbiMH crpyHaMH. floaro, HenoABnxHO cmotpht ray- xoHeMoii raram- b npHTeawiuft 3aa, xax Gu saaaBaa cede Bonpoc: qro a Haaeaaa, paaii aero? B ero HenoBoporaHBOM M03ry poxAaxjTca mkhc-to iioBhie Mbicaa. Hmciiho c 3Toro MOMeHTa HaaHHaeTca ero npocBeraerae, ero BHyTpCHHHH nepeaoM. Pa3flyMbe Baayana —MOMenr Taxeaoro saraniba —onaTb CMeHaercH 6ypiibiM BcnaecKOM cTpacTefi. PacnpaBa c AxaHOM pa3Ba3biBaei pyitH Ax- tokth. Tenepb eft nciero GoaTbca. THeBHo, nopuBHcro cpusaeT oHa c ce6* c3aae6Hbiii yGop h GpocaeT ero k noraM XaaMyxaaa. Ho, Bumre CBameH- HbiH HanHTOx, Aktoktu TeM caMUM OTAaaa ceGa b noaHyK) coficmeHHocTb Myxa. Tot BnpaBe Aeflan. c Hefi, nro yroAHO. >KaaMyxaii noab3yeTca sthst npaBOM, htoCu OTOMCTHTb Aktoktu: AapHT ee Ha 3a6aBy AaxoMy BaayaHy. Hcxaio'iHTeabHo ravGoxo iipoboaht KaanGex KyaHuumaeB nocaeayxi- rayio cueHy. Cnaaaaa BaayaH Re noiiKMaeT, aero ot Hero xotht: HeAoyneK- ho cmotpht to Ha XaaMyxaHa, to Ha AeByuixv. 3areM ao ero co3Haraa jo- xoaht caeaanHufi eMy noAapox, h paAOCTb 03apaer ero anuo. C xhbothhm BonaeM 6pocaeTca oh BcaeA sa yGeraxiuiefi AeByinxofi. Ho BApyr TOHxaa, H3HiUHaa (purypa MaabqHxa-noapocTxa Gpocaeica eMy nonepex Aopora. 3 to MapsHs, Bee eme nepeoaeTaa b Myxcxofi koctiom. OHa crapaieabHO ofitHCHHeT Baayawy: tu xoTea HMeTb peSeHxa, bot He6o TeGe nocuaaeT Aoib, yxaxHBaa ee, xax cneaeHyTOro MaaAeiraa... C HeAoyMeiiHeM mbto- pxer BaayaH ee xecT—yxaHHBamie pe6eHxa, h BApyr awiio npocBeraaeTM, 03apHHCb AeTCKii HaHBHoa, AoSpoB yauGxofi. Marxo Geper auiaq Ha pyx» Aktoktu h onycxaeTca c HeB Ha xoaeHH; onaceHne npHHHHHTb eB Goab rpyGuM npHKocnoBemieM, aacxa h HexuocTb npomcuBaioT ero HacxB03b. OcraHOBHBuiiiHca B3ra»A ycrpeMaen BAaab, noBepx paaoB 3pHTeaefl, ryGu uieBcaaTCH, xax GyATO npoiraHoca aacxoBue caoBa. 3pwreab bhaht, xax poxAaerca rayGoxoe qeaoBeqecxoe qyBCTao b arofi ahkoB ao toto nyine. TopwecTByn no6eAy, Map3Hn cpuBaeT c roaoBu rnanxy, h qepnue xo- Chi GaecrauiHMH 3MeaMit paccunaioTca no ee nacqau. «Map3Hn!»— pa3- Aaerca B03raac. BHe ceGa ot rHeea h H3yMaeHHa caeAHT xa3peT 3a arofi cueHofi.Oh He 238

mo* ct flonycTHTB, itoGh nee hhqtojkhuc aeByoiKH BceHapojHO HacMesHHCb 3Haa h um.O h npHKa3HBaeT cxBaTHTb oGeax. Ho Tenepb y hhx ecTb rpo Huif 3amHTHHK b jiiiue Banyana. BupBaB c nopHexi noflBepHVBmeeca nos pyuw aepeBo, ca/iaa rpo3Ho 3aMaxHBaeTca h m .Hapoa b CTpaxe SpocaeTca Ha3aa, ruiOTiibiM noayKoabiioM cwHMaacb BOKpyr MpauHoro OTBepHVBineroca xa3- pera. 3 to9 MH3aHcaeHoii mojkho 6biao Ghi h 3aKOiWHTb cneKraioib: cyabfia repoeB aocTaioiHo onpeaeanaacb. Tanas kohhobkq h HCTopHsecKH 6una Cu npaBHabHoft: Aktoktm Ha caMOM aeae He noriiOjia b MaioaocTH, nan H3o6- pa*aeT nbeca. OHa nepewHjia AxaHa h yatepjia b iviyGoKoA crapocni, yate b XX Bene. Ho asrop csen Gojiee npaBHiibiibiM npHBecTH nbecy k Tparnie- cKofl pa3BH3Ke. O h aoOaBaa eme nsrryio KapraHy, rae noKa3aHa raSesb Ak- toktli. Axan ocBo6o*aaeT ee ot no3opHoro croaBa, k KoropoMy npHKOBaa> ee X^aaMyKan, ho b momcht GercTBa hx HacTHraeT norona. HtoOh cnacra Axana, KoropoMy rpo3HT annaa pacnpaBa, Aktokth KOHiaeT * h3hl caMO- y6HfiCTBOM: npOH3aeT cefie cepaae KHHJKaaosi. HaeftHoe coaep*aHHe cneKTamia BecbMa 3iiaiHTem>H0. B HeM npoTH- BonocraMeHu asa MHpa, asa aRTaroHHCTHHecKHX MHpoB033peHna.* c oaHoii CTopoHU— MeieTb, ee MepTBHiune oGpaflbi h 3aK0Hbi, noaaBasiouuie qeao- Bexa, caenoe npemioHeime nepea aBTOpareTOM Kopana; c apyrou — CBCTJiaa. ryMaHHCTOqecKas nponoBeab CBo6oaHO0, paaocTHofl jkh3hh b ApyxcGe c HayKOH H HCKyCCTBOM. Ha mece TaGirra MycpenoBa bbho aaMeruo BjmaHHe wiaccHiecwnV apaMaTypraH. A p a u a m M 3aecb aoBeaen ao Bbicniero HanpaateiiHs, koto- poro eme He 3Haaa Ka3axcKaa jpaMaryprHa, 06pa3 BaayaHa, Kan sto npH3Haer caM MycpenoB, naneaH o6pa30M KBa3HMoao H3 «CoGopa HapajK- CKofl GoroMaTepH*. ApaMaTHiecKHM HanpsaceimeM nbecu Bocnoab30Baaca pexuccep, hto- Gbi nocTpoKTb Ha cueHe poMaHTHiecKHH cneKTaioib c pe3KHMH KowjwiHicra- MH. 3T0My 3aMbicay Bnojme oTBeaa.iH aeKOpaiiHH, BbinwiHeHHbie xyaowHH- kom 3. B. HapHOMCKHM. K BocnpHBTHio cneKTaKJia 3pHTeaa noaroTosaaa cnennaabHUfi 3aHaBec, BunoaHeHHbiii b cepeGpHCTbix TOHax, c orpoMHbiMH cpHrypaMH Axana h A ktoktu Ha <J>oHe Boaoaamero ccwiHua. AeKopamm HanHcama Gujih MacaaHUMH KpacxaMH, ito npHaaBaao h m apKocrb h bh- CTOTy TOHa. B cueHax na otkpmtom B03ayxe ocHOBy oipopM-iemia coCTaBaaa CT3HOK, cywaBimiitat k rayGHiie cueHU h noKpurafl a p m u kobpom 3eaeHH. Ha HeM nosBaaaHCb cKynue, aaKOHHBHue aeraan: npmopoK c aaxabiMH aepeBuaMH, ooto H3 Koropux Bhipbreaji c KopueM BaayaH b cnene toh; hc- KpHBJieHiioe, MOBemee aepeBo, k KOTopoMy npHBs.auBaioT Ha no3op A ktok- My3biKa C. H. IHaGe-ibCKoro, BBeaeHHaa bo MHonie cuchbi, noAiepKH- Baaa HanpaxenHOCTb fleficTBHH. Bo BcrynaeiiHH k cneKTamiio Gh ah Hcnoab- 239

soBanu flBe necHiicaMoro Axana: «IUHaep» («riyThi»)—ray6oKOapaMara- ■iccKaa, h «CupuM6er» —.inpHtecKaa. 06a iianeBa HeojwoKpaTHo iiobto- pwiacb: «UlHjep» —b TparejwftHNx Mecrax (AxaH npowiHHaer Meien), «CupHM6eT>—b .lapHiecKiix (AxaH c apy3bSMH noHBJiHerca sa CBa»6e). JIchtmothbom Aktokth caywHAH .iHpHiBCKHC HapoaHue necHH, HHOrfla HOB- TopaBuiHCca: HanpHMcp, cueHa Koae6amiii Aktokth Ha CBaae6H0Mroe h cueHa CMepTHconpoBOwaaaHCb oaiioft h toh we Hapoanog MeaoAHefl. IlepejioMHue momchth aeftcraHa h MOMeHTU Han6oabuiero smouho- HaabHoro HanpaweHHH 6uah nofliepKHyTH hctkhmh MH3aHCU6HaMH h 3a- MCaaeHHHMH pHTMaMH. My3UKoS h MH3aHcu6H0H, pe3KHMpa3aeaeHHeM aegcTByiouiHx ;mu aa ase Bpawae6Hue rpynnu orreneH b cneKTaMe momcht yxoaa Axana a Aktokth c toh, nocae toto, mk xa3peT o6t>hbha ero BparoM HcaaMa. Pa3- aynbe Aktokth—BHnHTb hah hot CBameHHyio nauiy —pa3Biiro b aeayn naiiTOMHMHyio cueHy. Kohcu toS we KapTKitu (Banyan 3aMaxHBaer«* ae- peBOM Ha npn&mwaiomHXCH Bparoii) nocrpoen kok wmafl nanopaMa, 3a- cTHBuiaa ao 3aKpbfTHH3aHaBeca. B MaccoBux ciicuax pewuccep He HHaHBHaya.noHpoBaa oTaeabHue <}ih- rypa, oh paccMaTpHBa.i Toany Kax eaHHoe ueaoe, WHBymee oahhm nopu- Tara k TeaipaaMaiiHH ocaaaaacb TaKwe b whbotihchoh rpynnHpoBKe $nryp, b ycaoBHHx, cHMMerpHHHHX MH3aHCUcnax c raaBHog $HrypoS b ueiiTpe. B ueiirpe cueHH ctoht AxaH, npHHHMaa (bo Btopofi Kaprone) no- aapKH or apv3efl h noTHTaTeaefl. B neirrpe BCTpeaaiOTCH AxaH h Aktokth p. Kaprane npepsaHHoro toh. CHMMerpHraa h ycaoBHO noBepHyra ahuom k 3pHTe.n0 cneHa BeHaaHHH, c xa3peroM nocpea»iie, rpynnofl weHHxa caeaa h rpynnofl HeBCCTH cnpaBa. Pobhhm B38oaoM, oahoB AHHHefl, luaraa b oa- hom pHTMe, HaciynaiOTHa AxaHa npecaeflOBarean b (paiiaac nbecu. Hx 2bh- weHHa opraiiH30BaHHH h KpacHBH, ho coBceM He cooTBercTByior Tewnepa- Memy h nopuBHCTOCTH, CBoflcTBeHHUM HaiiHOHaabHOMy xapamepy icasax- CKoro Hapoaa. TaKoe nocrpoeme MaccoBux cuen npnaaao cnem-awno MOHyMemaab- HOCTb, 3pe.THmi(yiO BHpa3HTe.lbH0CTb, flpKVK) TCaTpaabHOCTb, HO, c apyrofl cropoHH, 0T2a.TH.T0 ero or HapoAHoro 6uTa, BHecao onepHyio ycaoBHOCTt b KapTHHH WH3HH cTaporo Ka3axcKoro ayaa, ohohao HauHOHaabiiufl xa- paKTep cneKTawra. B cneKTaxab BBeaeso mhoto HapoiHHx Hrp, Chtobux o6pnaoB: moaht- Ba y-ieHHKOB xa3pera, noaHecemie noaapKOB Axany, CBaae6nufl toS c ero HrpaMH h BeniaabHbiM nepeMOHHaaoM, o6aaieroie Aktokth b no3opHy» oneway. 3th o6paau yaa'iHo BnaercHH b ream. nbecu. He oropBaHH or AeHCTBwi, Hao6opoT, caywaT noaumeHHio ero 3MounoHaabHofi BHpa3HTeab- HOCTH, BHHBaeHHK) B3BHMOOTHOUieHHfl MeWAy AefiCTByK3WHMH AKltaMH. Oa- HaKo noaanu ohh b HecxoabKO OTBaeaeHHOMCTHaH30BaHH0MBHae, nocrpoe- 240

hh CKopee ksk 3peAHinHO yBJieKaTWibHwe HHTepMeAHH, a He waHpoBbie xap- THHhl fibITa. B HHX Ma.TO flblTOBOS, STHOrpaCpH'ICCKOR AOCTOBepHOCTH, HeT rex 3aMeManyibHux HenoBTopHMHX noApoflHocrefl, Koropue Tax BcxpuBaiOT CCOfleKHOCTH HaiTHOHaJlbHOfl JKH3HH H nCHXOJIOTHH. OOmecTBeHHOCTb pecnySjiHKii OTMeTH/ia Taxixe HexoTopuS otxoa nbecu ot HcropH'iecKOH npaBflbr b oflpHCoaxe snoxH. B Ka3axCTaHe cnywHTMH HWiaiua 33HHM3JIH noAHKHeraoe noJioweHHe no othoiuchhio k poAOBoii apx- CTOKpaTHH. HenpaBHJihHO b nbece xa3peiy HayaHy npnaaHa flwibmaa miacTb, hcm Tope }KajiMyKaHy. C apyroa cropoHbi, h Axan He 6bui thkhm hpocthum npoTHBHHKOM hc- jiaMa, Kax oh oflpucoBaH b nbece, ero AenTejibHocrb npoTexa-Ta b pauxax liCJiawa; oh He BcrynaJi b xohiPjihkt c Mc'iexbio, He * e r xopaHa. CooCpa3H0 C yX333HH0H XpHTHXofl TeaTp npH B03o6H0B,TeHHH CneKTaK- jih b 1944 roay BHec b Hero cymecrBeHHbie nonpaBKH. B noBofi pejWKUHH chhtu HaH6oJiee pe3KHe floroflop>iecKHe peiHHKH h nocrynKH AxaHa. Xa3- peT HayaH oxapaKTcpH30BaH He TOAbxo Kax cayjKHTeab HCJiaMa, ho h xax xpynHuB ipeojaa, raasa poAa. Cooflpa3no c sthm H3MeHena a ero BHeui- HOCTb: oxaaAHCTefl craaa 6opo.ua, pocxoniHefl napneBbifl xa/iaT. HanpaweiiKbiS xpaMaxH3M, poMaHTHiecxaa npHnoAHsrrocTb, npxaa TeaTpaaH3auHH oSyanoBHAH ycnex cnexTaxjia «Axan-cep3— Axtoktus y HauHOHaJibHoro 3pHTMH. B Teieiixe psma aex oh 6u.x oahhm H3 caMbix ak>- Chmux Ha cu.eHe TeaTpa. Tojibxo B03HHKwaa b 1950 roxy aHcxyccaa o ca- mom AxaHe, o ero M«poB033peHHH no6yAiuia TeaTp CHHTb cnexTaxab c pe- nepTyapa. BTopaa (poabKJiopHaH m>eca, nocTaBaeHHaa pexaccepoM M. H. Tojiba- SjiaxoM Ha cuene AxaAeMHxecxoro TeaTpa b Aexaflpe 1942 roAa,— «AjiAap- Koce* UJaxMera XycaHHOBa — HanncaHa no MOTHBaM xa3axcxwx napoAHbix cxa30x. Tepofi ee — Awap-Koce — oahh H3 caMbix apxnx h nonyaapaux o6pa30B ycTHOro TBopaecTBa xa3axcxoro Hapoaa, 6ah3Xh0 no CBoefi cym- booth x Xoiuxe HacpeMHHy, HcyHbiBaioiHHfi eecejibiax h 3aTeflHHK, ocTpo- <:.tob, yweioiHHS BunyTaTbca H3 Aiofloro 3aTpyflHeHHfl, OAypaaHTb Jiiofloro flan h Aawe xana. H mh ero Miioro3HaniTeJibHo. «Avwap» — iuiyT, oflMamuHK. «Koce» — fle3fiopoAbift. AxcaxaAu — «6e3iue 6opoAhi» nojib30BajiHCb b Mycy-ibMan- cxofi cpeAe no'ieroM, HaoflopoT, x flesflopoAUM He flu-xo yBaweHHH. Ho no- AoSho TOMy, xax pyccxaft HBaHyuixa-Aypaxox nopoS oxa3bfBanca yMnee caMoro uaps. Tax h 3tot «6e3flopoAbifi iMyr» 3aiacryio nocryna.i cnpa- fieA-THBee, lecxiiee noiTeHHoro «axcaxaaa», t. e. crapua c ceAoii flopoAoS, Hanflo.xee yBawaeMoro lejioBexa b flaScxo-iJieoAajibHofi cpeAe. B cxa3xax ofl AAAap-Koce bubbhach HapoAHufi npoTecr dpothb babcth HMyfflHx h floraThix. B cxa3xax AjiAap noxa3aH BocHTeaeii HapoAHoro K>Mopa, HapoAHoS

My.apocTH, 3auiHTiiHKOM HHTCpecoB deaHOTU. Oh Bceraa npoiHB wajpiux n KopucTCUiiofiHBbix, Ha CTopoHe caadux h yrHereHHUx. B fiojibiuHHCTBe Ka3axcKMX Hapoanax cxasox Aaaap-Koce npeacraMea b cpeae Ka3axcKoro ayaa, b ctwikhobchkh c mccthum paswiipcBUJHM da- eM. OflHaKO cymeCTByioT ck33kh, b Koiopux Aaaap CTaiiKHBaerca c caMoS BcpxyuiKoi'i (JieoaajibHoro odniecrea, c cyaraKaMH h x3hom. Hmchho siy (JieopaJibHo-xaHCKyio cpeay B3Ha aBTop b ocHOBy CBoeS nbecu, pacciHTUBaa iipHjaib sthm 66jibUiyio ocTpoTy h Macurradaocib apaMaimecKOMy KOH^wiHKTy, ddabniyio Teaipa.ibHocTb h odcraiioBOTHOCTb cneKraxaio. Aaaap-Koce h era Bo3.no6.ieHiiasi Kapaaiaiu cayqaftiio nonaaaK>T s xaHCKHfi aBopea, rae hx nosmaemie ncpeBopauiiBacr bcio M3iib BBepx anoM. B Aaaapa Baiodaaerca Alencay — ao'ib xaHa. Kpacoroii Kapamam iiaeHeHbi h jkchhx MeHCJiy, cyataH Cupaax, h crapniHii Bii3Hpb xaaa lllo- pasK, h, HanoHeu, caM xan. MeucJiy, weaaa mdaBHTbca or xpacaBOfi conepmua, aacaataBaeT Ka- paiuaui b TeMHHuy. Ho xan npHKa3biBaer nepeHecra Kapauiaui b cboBabo- pea. Aaaap Bcioay caeayeT 3a caoefi HeBecTofi. nepeoacsuiHCb uaroM-Boa- oiefiHHKOM Sa»ya*-Maa*ya*, oh noxHiuaeT Kaioia y lUopawca h npo- HHxaer b TSMHHoy. flepeoaeBUiHCb wemutmoH, oh ycrpaiiBaerea cayacaH- koS bo flBopue. KoH'iaeTcs m>eca ten, hto oaypaieiiHHii xan cast m m Aaaapa Ha Kapaaiaui. Beceaaa, ocrpoyMHaH xoMeaHB XycaHHOBa aaaa no3MOWHocrb reaTpy co3aaTb cneKiaiuib onpo carapHiecioiH h b to we Bpena doapuS, oimnui- CTHaecKHfi, HtraiteymepiKaaioiuHii. Ho dbiaK b nocTaHOBKe h apyrmue HeaocraTKH. M. H. ToabafiaaT odernaa b btom cnemKae BbinBim. CBoeodpa3HNe ocoderaociH email Ka3axcKoro Tearpa, oaHaKO 3iy 3aaasy He BanoxaHJi. Ero nocraHosKa HanoMHHaeT, c oahoS cTopona, 9K3oraxy cxa30K <Tucma h oaiia H0ib», c ycaosHbiM CTMH.ioBaHHUM Boctokom, c apyrofi —maas- HHCKyio KOMeaHio c ee dyijapoimocrbio h (fiapcoBhiMH npneMauH. Ha caeHe noHBH.racb b aexopauHax 3. B. HapHOMcxoro MaccHBffie KaMeiiHbie daaiHH xaHCKoro aBopua, ayryHHue peiuemH, iiMeiomae inaiio odiaero c xapaarepoM apxHTeKTypiibix naMHTHHXOB Ka3axcnoit CTenH, Kpa- coqHbie, necTpue kocttomu npnaaBaaH npa3,iHH'iHbiii Biia a nwiuHocn. no- craHOBKe, ho aaaexo yeofla.m b CTopoHy or Ka3axcKo# xch3hh. B cnexraxae duao MHoro «y3biKH » neHHfl (xoMnosurop 0. A. Cam- aep). riea napoa npK BCTpeie c AaaapoM, b neceHHofi (jiopMe Meacay 3a- aaBaaa aarajKii Aaaapy, anpa'iccKiie neceHKH HcnoaHnaa Kapaaiaui. My- 3uxa rpoTecKOBo-KOMHxecxoro xapamepa conpOBowaaaa nexoTopue bhxo- ah aeficTiiyioimix ana h naHroMiiMHiecKHC caeHu, ho ohh HanoMHHanH daaembie HarepMeaaH H3 MoabepoBcxofi Koueaun h He HMeaw Haaero od­ iaero CKH3Hb» xa3axcxo# CTenH. 242

HcnOJIHHTMH OCHOBHhIX pOAeS B 3TOM CK33O1H0M CneKTaiOie C03flaJlH Bbipa3HTe.ibHue, TmarenbHO OTflenaHHbie o6pa3U, ho TaiOKe He bo Been cm- TaJiHCb c HauHOHajibKWM xapaicrepoM Ka3axcKoro (poAbKAopa. A.wap-Koce b HcnoAHeHHH UlaKeHa AfisjanoBa Gahctha 3aaopoM, iomo- 6.1pOM, njieHSUI oSaSIHHl'M, CBOfiOAOfi H H3blCKaH110CTbK) JBHJKeHHft. Ho OH U cjihidkom MHroK, HinejiJiHreHTeH, yromeH, no cpaBHeiiHio c A.’wapoM-Ko- cc HapoAiibix cKa30K, KOTopuft pucyerea 3na>iHTeAbHO npomc, rpySoBaTefi. B lieKOTopbix cueHax, ocodeHHo b cueHe ncpeoaeBaHHH b HawyAw-MaA- wya*, aiaep HanoMHiia.i TaiiueBaJibHoft noBKOCTbio a b h wchhh He to <J>paH- 6uy3CKoro CxaneHa, He to HTaAbHHCKoro TpyipipanbAHHo. y-roH>ieHHO H3HUiHa bbia Kapauiam b HcnoAHeHHH IJJoanaH )KaHflap- CeKOBOfl. Ona HanoMHHajia CKopee npHBUKuiyio k pockohih xancKyro aoib, 6HeM aeayuiKy H3 Hapofla, conpoBoaoiaioiuyio AflAapa b ero CKHTaHiiHx no CTena, Ha cnHHe Bep JiiOAa (Tax noaBAiuiacb ona b nepBoft KapTHHe cnex- B ocrpo caTHpHiecKHX TOHax, b rpoTecKOBoii KapHKaType 6ujih nepc- Aaiiu o6pa3u xaHCKoro ABOpua. ripHAypROBaTbifl, rjiyxoBaTbiii xaH (Cepxe KowaMKyaoB) — to HanbiineHHbiit, to hoxotahbo CeraroiUHii m&/tkhmh iuajKKaMH 3a Kapamaui, to cnoTbixaiouiHficH h non™ Ha aeTBepeHbKax xa- paOKarowHflcH Ha cboA TpoH... McHcay fPaxHH KofiayGaeBa) c ahuom, noAHbiM xax Ayna, c bucoko B3AepHyTbiMH pacKocbiMH 6pobhmh, rjiynaa, KaiipH3HaH, BH3TJIHBaH... ToACTHH, HenOBOpOTAHBhlfi BH3Hpb UIopaHK (KaJIll- 6ex KyaHbmmaeB), to yroAAHBO CKJioHHBtiiHftcH nepeA xaHOM, to hwako pac- TcpaHHbifl noA rpaAOM HacMeineK Ajiaap-Koce, TO npowopjiHBhiii, waano BbUIH3bIBaiOULHfi OTpOMHyH) KaK KOTejI MHCKy C IUIOBOM... 3 aH0CHHBHll cyJl- 6iaH ChipASK (KaNiaa KapMbicoB) — weimx Mencay, KHaamaiiCH cbohm 3BaHiieM, ho He ;iemymHfi yMOM, caobho hhahAckhh neryx, nporyAHBaiomHft- ch no cueae c lienoMepno aah hho® ca&fleft... Bee 3th o6pa3bi cooTBeTcrayioT Ayxy napoAHoft ck33kh. Ho h b hhx 6KpHTHKa OTMCTHAa HapvuieiiHe HCTopHiecKoii npaBAbi: ijieoAaAbHbie npa- BHT AH npeACTaBAeau CecnpocBeTHO TynuMH, CMemHUMH, h o a k h n h , He BCKpbITU XHTpOCTb, KOBBpCTBO, XeCTOKOCTb, npHCyiAHe K33axCKHM XaHaM, 6cyATaHaM, rope. Ha o cy)KAeHHH cneKTaKAH, eme ao efo OKOHHaTc.ibiioro peAaimipo- b3hhh (b aBryCTe 1942 roAa), (mieuemj h tioAOJKHTe-'ibHbie a orpnuaTe-ib 6Hue ero cropoHbi. B HeM CAafio nepeAaH xapaxiep napoAHoft ck33kh, po- 6eaAHCb b TAa3a CyipipoHHbre MecTa. Pextaccepy h a o npcAAOweno Aopa- Goran. nocTnaoDKy, h TOAbKO nocAG sroro ee BbinycTHAH Ha cuciiy. Kax cneKTaKAB HfH3HepaAOCTHbiS, Bece-ibift, npa3AHHHHbifl, «AAflap-Ko- ee» no.'ib3onajica ycnexoM y HaunoHaAbHoro 3pHTeAH, xoth He nepeAaA xa- paKTepa napoAHoft cxa3KH. 4B cneAyroiiwe ce30Hbi Tearp npoAOAHcaA paGoTy HaA >o.ibKAopHo-nc- TopHaecKHM penepTyapoM, bo3o6hobhb ABe paHee HieAHiHe nbeebi: «Ko3bi- 243

Kopnern— BanH-Cyjiy» (Maft 1943, pewnccep Ay6aKBp HcManaoB) h «Eh- •hhk —Ke6ex» (ipeiipa.'ib 1944, pewaccep Acxap ToxnaHOB). K 9T0My BpeMeHH Teaip ywe oco3Han ofimyio reH^cimiiio coBercxoro Teatpa npmiaBaTb (JioabKJiopHhiM cneKTawiHM repoHxo-naTpHonraecxH# xapaicrep. iibecu eAxaH-ceps— Aktoktu® h «Aaaap-Koce» Hecaii meg co- naajibiioit h aHmpc.TOrno3Hoil 6opb6ti, comiaabHue npoiHBopeiHH 6nan noaiepKHyTbi b nbecax «Ko3bi-Kopneur — BaaH-Cyay» h «EHanx—Ke6ex» b nepBOHa>iajibHoil hx noctaHOBKe. Ho tenepb, np« bo3o6hobjkhhh 3thx nbec, pewHccepu crpeMHaHCb npHaarb hm repoHKO-naipaorHBecKHii one- non, bhcctii b hhx mothbu 6opb6u Hapo.ua c qyxe3eMitaMH, yrpoxcaiouuiBH 6 3ero poaHHe. B nocTaHOBKe Ay axHpa HcuawioBa «Ko u-Kopnern— Ba«H-Cyay» 6 6Koaap TpaKTOBaH nax 4y»e3e,veu, mnajiexa npHCbiBim# b xa3axcxH# aya, roTOBufl He To.ibKO 3axBBTHTb chjioii HeBedy h Ta yHU Kapa aa, ho h 6pa3opHTb crpany. OflHaKo 3Ta TpaxTOBKa pexnccepa, HaBeHHHas Hexoro- pbiMH BapaaiiraMH no3Mu, npon3Bo.iii.ia ijiaabiUHBoe, iiey eaHTcnbnoe Bne- \"ameHHe, nocKoabxy nbeca He jaBa.ia ocHOBaHHii k H3o6pa*eHHio Kona- pa HH03eMHbIM 3aXB3TliHK0M. B nbece «Ewihk— Ke6ex» (pexoiccep ToxnaHOB) Taxste 3a3ByiaaH ho- thbh 3amHiu pofliwu ot Hanaacnira coceaefl-BparoB. HoarreaeM 3T0# HfleH 66ua A6u3 b ero hobo® TpaxTOBxe. BMecro uiaMaHa-npopHuaiena c ko h- 3om,paaeHHeM h 6eCH0BaHHeM, xoropuMH npociaBHaca b stoh po.in Earo- 6a# yMyp3ax0B, Tenepb Ha cneiie noHBnacx b iicnoaiieimH KanaHa Baau- pOBa ceaoBaachi# Myapeu-OTmeabHHX, HacraBHHK MoaoaewH. Oh nocToaHHO BHymaeT npae3>xaiouiHM k HeMy 6arapaM h 6h8M Mbicab o tom, kto xa3axH mojikhu npcxpaTHTb Mewpoaoiibie cxaoxH, cnao- THTbca BoeaHHo aaa omopa BHeuiHHM BparaM (awyHrapaM). Ho h b siom cnexTaxae narpiiOTHiecKaa Hjea He erana peHipaabHO#, nocxoabxy He iia 6«e# cTponaacb cana nbeca. Euie 6oaee ycHaH# hho 3aTpaieno TeaTpoM, aTo6a noaiepxHyTb re- poHKo-naTpHOTHaecxyio naeio b nocraHOBxe caeayiome# ipo.ibKaopKoS nbecu —«JKoMapmin kh3omh» (amapb 1945), xoth h b sto# nbece co- OTBeTcreywinero MaTepnaaa He 6uao™. ribeca «)KoMaprTbin xHaeMH> («Kosep )KoMapTa») HanncaHa apaMa- TyproM A6aHabao# TawnfiaeBbiM h pewaccepoM T. PomaaeM, xoTopH# c naaaaa Bofliibi pa6oraji b AaMa-AniHcxo# KHHocTy/uM, a b 1943—44 ro- flax CTaBiia xHHoxapTHHy «A6a#». Poraajib noacxa3aa Tawn6aeBy Mbicab B3HTb b ocHosy nbecu apMflH- cxyio HapoaHyio cxa3Ky «AHam», ocHOBHaa wen xoropofi — 3HaneHHe co- 3aaaTeabHoro Tpyaa b jkh3hh napoaa. 6 6 0 3FlO3aHMCTB0BaB H3 apMHHCKO# CKa3KH CIOWeT, aBTOpbl nbecu OCHOBa- Teabito ero nepepa oraaH: nepeHecaH aeAcTBue b o cTa« Bxy Ka axcTana, npmaaH KOH$aiiKTy naTpHOTHiecxH# orreHox.

Ohh Aajw repoHM Ka3axcKHe aMesa. BaraaaH npeBparaacn b OaThi- pa JKonapra, AHaar — b Ka3axcKyio flCByuiKy HecBeAbay. BMeero wpe- uob c ax TaancTBeHUbiM KanHiueM na cueae noaBHJiacb (fcaHTacnmecKae cymecnia aasaxcaux HapoAHUX CKa30K — xe3TupHaKB, o6opothh c mba- nbiMH KorraMH, KaK BaMiwpbi cocymwe <ieviOBe‘iecKyio apoBb. Ochobiioh tc- ►:oft nbecu crajia 6opb6a repoeB c we3TbipnaKaMH, npaaeM noa sthm ooa- 6 6pa3yMCBaAacb GopbCa coBeTcaoro aapoAa c 4>auiHCTCKHMH a3BepraMH. UapcTBO JKe3TbipaaKOB bwo o pacoBaHO'B cncKTaoe b ycjioBHUX, Aawe CHMBOAHiecKHX Toaax. XyAOJKHHK 3. B. HapHOMCKHft npHAajI ABOpuy We3TbipHaK0B M'paiHhlfl, AaBnuiafi xapaKTep: TeMHue 3aJibi c naccHBHUMH cboa3mh a KOAoaaaMH, 80Ji0Tbie CTyneHH, xycKJibiii or&necK Mepuaiomero Merajma; b opHaMeHTe CTeH H KOAOHH — npHSyAJIHBUe 3Mea, KpOKOAHJIfal, APaKOHbl. CaMH >Ke3TbipHaKH B 3T0M ABOppe BbirJIHAe.Hl KaK IpaHTaCTHHeCKHe, ycTpauiaiomae cymecTBa c 3acTbiBmHMH jinnaMH aCTyKaiioB. B pa3pa6oTKe ax rpHMOB peiKHCcep T. PouiaAb a ero accacreHT Ay6aKap HcMaiuioB ac- xoahah or xapaicrepa He to KHTaftcKHx apbkohob, ae to SyAflaficKax Macon. JlBHraABCb JKe3TbipHaKH pe3KHMB OTpUBHCTblMH TOAHKaMH, nOXOAKa HX Ha- noMHHaaa yTpapoBaHao qeKaimyio MapuiapoBKy rawepoBCKax bohck. 6CpeAH hhx BocceAaaa, KaK KaMeiiHuft acTyKaH, uapima TayxapTac (Ca apa MaitaaHOBa). XojiOAHaa a 6e3AyumaH, oHa ae roBopiuia, a «Bema- ;ia» MOHOTOHHHM, 3arpo6HMM tojiocom. IlepeA Heii npecMUKaaca BH3apb 6As3 (IUaKCH AftManoB). 3 tot nepcoHaw c rpOTecKOBO-ycJiOBHbiM rpaMOM mji oa h h m H3 naHOojiee yaaqHbix b cneicraKJie, OTJiaqaACH tohkoR h npo- AyMaHIIOfi Hrpofi, OTTOqeHHHMH ABHWeHHHMH, Bbip83HTeAbHblMH HHTOH3AH- Mnpy xoaoahoto o6MaHa a CeccepAeqHoft wecroKocra b CKa3Ke 6nji npoTHBonocTaBAeH mhp TpyAa a qenoBeqHocTB. Ero npeACTaBJBuia b ochob- hom JKoMapT a HecBeJibaa. KanaH BaAMpOB C03Aan >Ko.MapTa npocriiM a qeJioBeqHMM, ho He itoahhji o6pa3 Ha AOiiwuyio HAefiHyio Bbicory, nopoft urpa.i H3A!iume paccyaoMHO, ypaBHOBemeHHO, xojioaho. Boaee npHMeKaTeAbHUM noJiyuwcH b cneKTamie ofipa3 HecBejibAU. XaAHiua ByKeeBa ySeAHTeJibHO noKa3aJia npeBpameHHe newho ft, jiHpaqe- cKoft AeoyiuKH b MywecTBeHHyio wenmHHy-6aTupa, HAywyro Ha 6n?By e We3TbIpH3KaMH, HT06bl 0CB060AHTb nJleHHOTO JKOMapra. OAHaKO b acjiom nonunca aBTopoB h pewHccypbi nepeHecTa HapOAHyio caa3Ky b qywepOAHyio aah Hee oficTanoBKy, HacuTHTb cioweT HAeaMH, op- raHHiecKH c hhm He CBH3aHHbiMH, 0Ka3ajiacb HaAyMaHnoft 3aTeeft. Mnorae noApofiHocra nbecu ocrajmcb qywAu HaiwoHaJibHOMy apHTeaio. KoBpo- TKaHne, CTO.ib pacnpocTpaneHHoe Ha KaBKa3e hah b TypKMeHHH, BOBCe He 3pa3BHTo b KasaxcTaHe. Eme Conee crpaHHO fiu.io BHAOTb, qro sthm wen- ckhm awiom anHMaerca Ka3axcKHii Camp. 06pa3 JKoMapTa nosTOMy bw- tahabji Ha cueHe (}>a;ibmHBO. 245

)Ke3TbtpH,1KH, XOTfl H 6bUIH B3HTH 113 K33aXCK0r0 HaUHOHajIbBOro (pMbKJiopa, npHoSpe.™ b nbece He cBOfidBeHHue hm lepra. B CKa3xe ohh 6 6hbahmtch Bceraa noojHHOHKe, r«e-HH6yflb b r-nyxoM, yejuweHHOM Mecie, b o6pa3e xewHMUi, o oJibmaiomeS h ry amefl MywiHHy. Tan we He onpaBAaHa MaTepHaaoM cicaaKH nonura npiiAan nbece repoHKO-naTpHOTHaecKHH xapawep. He 6ujio hhk3khx ocaoBanHfi Tpaicro- naib 6opb6y c we3TbipHaxaMH KaK repomecKyio 6opb6y iiapoaa 3a He3a- BHCHMOCTb pOAHHH. )Ke3TfjpHaKH He 6bUlH HyWe3eMU3MH. OHH 3aMaAMH JKoMapTOM, ho He HanaaanH na poAHyio 3etuiio, He yrpowajin ne3aBiicn- MOCTH CTpaHH. Eme MeHbiue ochob3hhh BH.ieTb b co6hthhx nbecu npsM.vio nepeom- Ry c coBpeMemiocTbK). B CKa3xe b a.i-aeropmecKoi! (JiopMe nporaBonoc- TaaTOHH MHp co3HAaTeHbHoro ipyaa h 3Aoe uapcTBO CeccepaeiHoS sKCiwy- aranHH. Ho TpyAHO fibuio owHAaib, hto 3a sthmh ckssobhumh o6pa3aMH spHTeab yBHAHT 6opb6y coBetCKoro HapoAa c qepHUMH ch/i3mh ipauiiBMa. G miukom oiAaaeHHo 6bino cxoactbo MewAy hao^ohoao6ho0 TayxapTac ii raTAepOBCKo® TepMaHHefi. Bor >KoMapT nonaAaei b ruieH k *e3TupHa- KaM, Tayxaprac 3BepcKH o6pamaeTCH c hhm, a 3aiCM BUHywAaeT ero Titan KOBep... HeywejiH sra cuenu momh nepemiHKaTbCH b co3H3hhh 3pHT6Mco 3BepcTB0M neMeuKHx 33XB3THHKOB? Bot HecBenbAa BbiaynaeT b noxoA Ha we3iupHaK0B... Pa3Be b stom noxoAe ecTb hto-ah6o o6iaee c CobctckoS Hey6eAHTejibHUM KaweiCH nosTOwy yreepwAeHHe KpHTHKa M. Keapo- soft b ra3eie «Ka3axcraHcitaH npaBAa*™, qro nbeca noKa3hraaer MywecTBO, croSKOCTb, OTBary cunoBeii Ka3axcKoro napoAa, iiotomkh Koropux Boioior Ha (jipoHTe c qepHhiMH ciuaMH 4>auni3Ma. 3paTejib BHAea b HeM He nepe- KAHMKy CCOBpeMeHHOCTbK), a TQAbKO BOJIlIiefiHyiOCKa3Ky C yCJIOBHUMH, CHM- BOAHHeCKHMH (JlHrypaMH H3 UapCTB A06pa H 3Jia. «KoBep )KoMapTa» npoAepwajica Ha cueae nonropa ce30Ha. riocae nocraHOBaeHHH UK BKIT(6) ot 26 aBrycra 1946 roAa o penepiyape apa- MamqecKHX TearpoB aficTpaitTHOCTb h HAefinan 6eAHOCTb nbecu crajra oco- 6e»HO 3aMCTHu. C nem o b 6m chht c penepiyapa. Oieayromaa nbeca (poJiboopHo-HCTopHqecKoro coaepwaHHH b penep- Tyape AKaaeMHqecKoro Tearpa, «KapaKHnqax Ko&iaHAu» MyxTapa Ays- 30Ba, BuroaHo oMHiaeTCH ot «>KoMapTTUH KHJieMHt npewae Bcero noa- JIHHHOfi HapOaHOCTbK). B OCHOBy ee IIOJIOWeH CTapHHHUfi Ka3aXCKHfi 9D0C, oahh H3 AiofiHMeAoiHX b HapoAe. 6 6naTpHOTHHeacan HAex 3to(1 nbecu opraHHqecKH BurexaeT H3 caHoro coAepwaiina anoca, nocKtwibxy b HeM HAer peab o opb e KofijiaHAU, bow- ah KapaKHnqaxoB, c qywe3eMHUMH 3axB3TqHKaMH —K3bui6acaMH, Ha- nasuiiiMH Ha CTpaHy. KapaKHnqaKH — sto oaho H3 iueMeH, BOiueAiHHx 8 sTHHqecKHi cocraa Ka3axcKoro HapoAa. K3un6acaMH (xpacHUMH roJioaa- 346

mh) b crapHHy xa3axH HaauBaAH oaerux b xpacHbie iuanKH BOHHOB-rBap- fleiiaeB HpaHCKoro maxa. «KapaxHniaK Ko&naHAbi* nocTaaneH AxaAeMHiecKHM TeaipoM Apasiu b anpeae 1946 roAa, t. e. n o im Hepe3 roA nocne OKOimaHHa Bofinu” . Ho saAywaHa h iianucaHa nbeca 3HaniTe.ibHo paHboie, no CBoeft HanpaBAeHHO- cth OHa uejiHKOM othochtch K BoeiiiibiM roAaw: b hch BonJiomena repoiiKo- narpHOTH'iecKaa TeMa, BOJiiiOBamuaa teaip eu;c c 1942 roAa, ho ne pa3pe- uieiiHaa TorAa liotOMy, hto He Cu;io cooTBeicrByiomero ApaMaTHiecicoro MaTepHaAa. OSmecTBeHHOCtb pecnyCAiiKK Bee sth ro.ibi c HHTepecoM cneAHAa 3a paSoToii ApaMaTypra. Eme b 1942 roay nbeca o6cy>KAaaacb b Coxae nH- raTejreii, a pyKOBOAHteAb reaipa hm. MoccoBera K). A. 3aBaACKiifi co6h- paaca ee craBHTb. Vripaiuemie no a&abm ncKyccrB Ka3axcraHa H3Aano npnKa3 0 nbece «Ko6AaHAbt», onyfi.'iHKOBaHHbifi 10 HioAH 1943 roAa, c noapofiiibiMH yxa3a- hhhmh h aBTOpy h TeaTpy. KoCnaHAbi aoajxch 6bm> HapoAHbiM repoeM, narpHOTOM poahhh; npn>mna 6opb6u xannaxoB c K3UJi6acaMH — He ceMefi- Has ccopa H3-3a AOByuiKH Kopncn, a 3axBaTHHiecKHe crpra.ieHHn xa«a K3UA6acoB Ko6uktu h ero 6anjpoB. OcHOBHaa 3aAaia TeaTpa — co3Aan. CneKTaKAb, C03ByHHbIH COBpeMeHHOCTH. B TaKOM HM€HH0 HanpaBAeHHH AO- pa6aruBa.i b Aa.ibHeftuieM ApaMaTypr cboio nbecy. Ko&aaHAH — BepHMii cuh CBoero napoAa, 3amHiuaeT ero HHTepeeu, KOHeiHO, b paMKax poAOBoro oSwecraa. Oh hact b toxoa He aah rpa6e- wefl hah 3axeaTa nywnx 3eMeAb, a aah 3amnra poahhh ot nanaBuiHx Ha nee iywe3eMneB. H3MeKeiibi b nbece, no cpaBHeHHio c snocoM, poACTBeiuibie oTHome- HHH Meawy KotnaH H KopTKOfi, a BMeCTe C TOM H MOTHBHpOBKa KOHCpAHK- ta . n o Ays30By, Kopnca — aohb KiinnaKOB, *eHa Ko&raHAbi, KoxaaH — KOAAyHbH, COOfilUHHUa X8Ha KoSbIKTbl, 3aXBaTHBUiaH B nAeH KopTKy H Apy- thx KHnsaKCKHx AeByuieK. Ha stom 3axBare h 3aBB3biBaercn kohcPahkt nbecbi. HanncaA nbecy Ay330B Se-iUM cthxom, o6pa3Hu.M hsukom, xopoiuo nepeAaroniHM Ay* HapoAHoro snoca. no 3aKAK>MCHHio HccAeaoBaTCAefl, anuiecKHe CKa3aHHH 0 Ko&iaHAbi or- iiochtch k XV Beny, nepHOAy (JiopMHpoBaHHH Ka3axcxoK KapoAKOcm Ho 3BTOp He CTpeMHACH KOHKpeTH3HpOB3Tb 3nOXy, nOCKOAbKy C'IHTa.1 B03M0W- 06HUH pa3BHTb TeM.V 3aiAHTbl PoAHHbl Ha OTBAeWHHO CKa30HHbIX C blTH!IX. O h oraec epeMH aohctbhh b AOMycyAbMaHCKyio snoxy, nona3biBasi rania- kob orHenoKaoHHHxa»ifl. C TaKHX * e no3Hiwfl noAoin/w k nbece pewHcee- 3pbi H. C. LUreim h KanaH BaAwpoB, xorAa npH coachctbhh xyAowHiixa 3. B. 4apHOMCKoro B3MHCb a nocTaHOBKy. 6 6Kaic b o6pa3ax, Tax u b otpopM-aeHHH ohh non.'tepKmam meto repoH- qecKofi opb bi napoAa, ho TpaxTOBOAH coCuthh b AereHAapHo-snHHecKOM, a He KOHKpeTHO-HCTOpHieCKOM nAaHe. 247

B cnexTaxae pe3Ko nporaBonocraMeHo CBeTaoe, repoinecKoe, Hecy- mee cnpaBeaaHBOCTb uapciBO KtunaxoB h rporecKOBo-KapiixaTypHoe, noa- Hoe mo6u h KOBapcrBa uapcTBo K3bi.i6acoB, HocHTaaeS 3aa h ymereHHJi. Haxaao cnexTaxaa pa3urpuBaeTCa b uapcrae xoaayHbH Kowiait, xyaa HanpaBiiaca KofiaaHau c ueabio oCBofioAHTb njieHHbix KHniaxcKHX «esy- 111 \"\"Ha ciiene — amore cxaau rje-ro b ropax, Ha crpamHofl noao6aaqHoS BbicoTe, b uapcTBe xoaayHbH Koioian, BepHoi! coofimKHitti K3bia6accxoro xaHa. npa CBepxaHHH mojIhmh, noa pacKain rpoMa n rpoxoT opxecrpa ck>- aa BpbiBaeTCH Samp KoSaaBAu co cbohm HepasayqiiuM cnynmKOM a apy- roM KapaMaHow. Ko6aaHau b noaMe — TsatMOBecHUH, npocTOBaTU®, Heaaaerafi 6a- THp. B nbece, h ocoGemio b cnexTaxae, b HcnoaHeHHH IilaKena Ai'iHaHo- 3Ba, Kofi-iaHau o6aaropoxeH, oayxoTBopeH, noica3aH co3naieabHUM 6op- uom a poaHHy, 3a cnpaBeaa«BocTb, HapoaHUM repoeM h b o w m . Cm- hhh,aoBKHH, c oTKpMTUM qeaoM h jiyqHCTHMH raa3aMH npeacTaeT OH ne- pea 3pHieaeM b cBeraoM KpacHBOM oaemiHH Ka3axcKoro 6aTHpa, b uiaeMi h KMbqyre, c 6aecTHmiiM uihtom b pyxax. y Hero ynpyraa noxoaxa a*n- rirra, npHBHKuiero cxaxa-rb 6e3 ceaaa Ha Heo6i>e3XieiiHOM none. B 3HaiHTeabHo® Mepe H3MeHeH Taxxe TearpoM, no cpaBHeHHio c sno- com, h o6pa3 KapaHaHa. B nosMe sio xaaHbro, 3aBHCTaHBhrfi, apaqaHBid, 3aH0C'iiiBUH, He Bceraa hckpchkh® 6arap. Ha caeae, b HcnoaneHHH CeS- ipyaau TeabrapaeBa, KapaMaH npeBpanuca b BepHoro cnyrHHxa KoftiaH- flu, noiTH opyweHocna, Hewo Bpoae Canqo riaHca npa iloH-Knxore. Po- hh rietpywHo h TpyMHo, xoropue 3th aBa ax-repa hciiojihhhh He3aaoaro ao Toro b cnexTaxae «yxpoiueHHe CTpoimiBOH», HecoMHeHHO cxa3aaHCb Ha TpaKTOBKe B3aHM00TH0uieHH® KoSaaHAH h KapaMaaa. KapaMaH co3iiaeT npeBoexoaerso Ko6aaHau xax 6arapa, oh BCioay yerynaer eMy aopory, ho 8 to x e BpeMH cmotpht Ha coChthh 6oaee ipe3- bo,npoMHiecKH, HHoraa yMepaer cjihoikom 6e3paccyaHbie ero nopueu, npe- aocreperaeT b cayqae onacHOcm 06pamaeicfl KapaMaH k Kofiaanau c aer- Koh ycMeiHKO®, ODHTb-TaKH HanoMHHaxnneS ycMenmy CaHio Ilanca; ho HHoraa kphmht Ha Hero, xoraa 6arap chhuikom HeocropoxeH. KofiaaHau npHHHMaeT sto Kax aoaxHoe, jiacxoBHM, yMHpoTcopmomuM B3opoM cmot- Pht Ha sepHoro apyra. CaM KapaMaH ire pBercH b 6ofl, cxopee —oh ipy- coBax, aerxo ofipamaeica b fiercTBO. Toabxo b momcht nofieau oh ofipe- Taer yBepeHHoerb u craHosHTca b ropaeaHByx), cauoaoBo/ibHyio no3y. Ha rnyM, noaHjrrbiH KofiaaHAH b aaaexoM ropHOM vme.ue, bh- xoaHT caMa BaacTHreabHmia sthx mcct, xoaayHbH KoxaaH. B ncnoaHemut

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