CONSOLIDATED QUESTION BANK New

61. Hypermetropia which cannot be corrected by the ciliary muscle tone is called[c] a].Facultative hypermetropia b]. manifest hypermetropia c]. absolute hypermetropia 62. After prolonged near work, the distance object appears blurred. This is known as[c] a].Presbyopia b].myopia c].Pseudomyopia 63. In regular astigmatism, if one focus is in front of the retina and the other behind the retina, it is known as……… [A…]…… Astigmatism a].mixed b]. compound myopic c]. compound hypermetropia 64. In myopia patient the eye ball will be ____[a]_____. a]. Long b]. Short c]. Elliptical 65. Person with myopia is said to ___[b]____ sighted a]. Far b]. Near c]. Field 66. ---- result from normal biological varation in development of eye[a] a].simple myopia b].pathological myopia c].congenital myopia 67. Condition of myopia which is rapidly progress ...... [b]....... a].simple myopia b].pathological myopia c].congenital myopia 68. pseudo myopia occurs due to excessive accommodation and----[a] a].spasm of accommodation b].insufficiency of accommodation c].Illsustained accommodation 69. What is Presbyopia?.......[a]…… a]. Lens lose it ability to focus objects b]. Loss of cornea’s ability to flatten c].Loss of vision in the eye 70. At what age do people find out the signs of presbyopia? …..[c]…… a]. 21 b]. 15 c]. 40 71. Spectacle power in glaucoma patients changes very often why? [B] a]. The extra ocular muscles cannot rotate b]Constant pressure on ciliary muscle ,accommodation failiare c]. The lens becomes stiff 72. Trifocals are also known as _____[b]______. a]. Reading glasses b]. Progressive glasses c]. Monovision glasses 101

73 . Temporal crescent is seen typically in (c) a) Astigmatism b) Hypermetropia c) Myopia d) None of the above 74. A newborn is invariably (a) a) Hypermetropic b) myopic 75. If the parallel light rays get focused in different focal point the condition is called ___[c]_____. a]. Presbyopia b]. Myopia c]. Astigmatism d]. Hypermetropia 76. Myopia is easily corrected by ____[a]_______. a]. Concave lens b]. Convex lens c]. Plano lens d]. Bifocal lens 77. __[d]______is an age related Refractive Error a]. Myopia b]. Hypermetropia c]. Astigmatism d]. Presbyopia 78.In hypermetropia parallel rays of light from infinity comes and focuses ____[b]_______. a]. in straight line with the retina b]. behind the retina c]. on the retina 79. Refractive error measurement is written in _[c]__ unit. a]. Millimeter mercury (mmHg) b]. Prism c]. Diopter 80. What causes difficulty in reading? ……[c]….. [a]. Hyperopia b]. Myopia [c]. Presbyopia 81. In Index Hypermetropia, corneal refractive index is _____[c]________ a]. less than 1.47 b]. less than 1.38 c]. less than 1.37 82. The size of the image seen by convex lens will be _____[a]________. a]. Larger than the normal b]. Smaller than the normal c]. Medium 83. The main symptom of hypermetropia is difficulty in _____[a]________. a]. Close work b]. Distance work c]. Object look smaller than the normal 84. People with Hypermetropia can experience ____[a]_______. a]. Blurred vision b]. Blindness c]. Scotoma Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

85. Normal eyeball size at birth is ____[c]______. a]. 24mm b]. 20mm c]. 16mm 86. Due to _____[a]_________ at birth all new-borns will have hypermetropia. a]. small eyeball size b]. large eyeball size c]. normal eyeball size 87. Which lens is used for Hypermetropia correction? ……[b]….. a]. Concave b]. Convex c]. Cylindrical lens 88. Donders formula is ___[a]_____. c]. TH=MH=LH a]. Rx =MH+1/3 LH b]. MH=FH=AH 89 .Abnormal curvature of the cornea is called as ___[c]_______. a]. Regular Astigmatism b]. Indexed astigmatism c]. Corneal Astigmatism 90. What is regular astigmatism? …..[b]…… a]. Change in refractive power from anterior to posterior b]. Change in refractive power from one meridian to another meridian c].Change in refractive power from lens to cornea 91. What is with the rule astigmatism? ……[b]…… a]. Horizontal meridian is more curved than vertical meridian b]. Vertical meridian is more curved than horizontal meridian c].Both meridians are at right angles to each other 92. In _____[b]_______ the horizontal meridian is more curved than the vertical meridian a]. With the rule astigmatism b]. Against the rule astigmatism c]. both 93. Against the rule astigmatism is also known as __[b]___ astigmatism. a]. Equivalent b]. Inverse c]. Contrast 94. What is Sturm’s conoid? [A] a]. Series of image with two meridian b]. Series of lines with one surface c].Series of angles in opposite sides 95. What is irregular astigmatism? …..[a]…. 103

a]. Irregular corneal curvature b]. Irregular eye ball c]. Irregular index 96. One of the symptom of astigmatism is ___[b]_______. a]. Vomiting b]. Torticollis c] . Anemic 97. The following tools are used in evaluation of astigmatism …….[a]….. a]. Keratoscope, retinoscope, Maddox rod b]. Slit lamp, OCT, Topcon c]. Direct ophthalmoscope, slit lamp, Indirect ophthalmoscope 98. One of the treatment for astigmatism is _____[c]_______. a]. Jackson cross cylinder b]. Bio microscope c]. Spectacle correction 99. Similar to grey hair and wrinkles, presbyopia is a symptom caused by the natural course of __[c]______. a]. Developmental biology b]. Human development c]. Ageing 100. The type of lens used for correction of regular astigmatism includes ____[c]____. a]. Biconvex lens b]. Biconcave lens c]. Cylindrical lens 101. In compound hypermetropic astigmatism ___[b]______. a]. Both the foci are infront of retina b]. Both the foci are behind of retina c].One focus is infront and one focus is behind the retina 102. Blurring of vision for near work occurs in __[c]________. a]. Hypermetropia b]. Presbyopia c]. Both a and b d]. None of the above 103. Which part is the most powerful Refractive medium of the eye? [B] a]. Lens b]. Cornea c]. Retina 104. The treatment options to correct refractive errors ___[C]______. a]. Spectacle b] Lasik c] A,B Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

105. Which refractive error is caused due to age? ……[c]…… a]. Astigmatism b]. Hypermetropia c]. Presbyopia d]. Myopia 106. ___[a]____ is one of the causes of refractive error. a]. Change in axial length b]. Improper food habits c]. Lack of exercise d]. Walking to long distance II.FILL IN THE BLANKS 1.When principal meridians are not at right angles, it is called--------- [bi-oblique astigmatism] 2.Pathological myopia results in degenerative changes in the …………………[retina] 3.--------- is used to calculate the correction of hypermetropia. [Donder’s formula] 4.Axial myopia is due to increase in the ……Length of the eye ball.[axial] 5.……… hypermetropia is corrected by normal physiological tone of the ciliary muscle.[latent] 6.The clear image of maximum distance from the eye is called ………[far point] 7.For patients suffering from …Distant objects appear blurred and near is clear (myopia) 8.Progressive loss of the …………of the lens is known as presbyopia (focusing power) 9.The technique of using rigid contact lenses to change the shape of the cornea is called ……………… (Ortho keratology) 10.Astigmatic fan is used to detect the …of the astigmatism (axis) 11.Excessive strain of the ciliary muscle can correct.……Hypermetropia (facultative) 12.Hypermetropia far point is _______________.[beyond infinity] 13.In --------Parallel rays of light are brought into focus in front of the retina when accommodation is at rest [myopia] 14.In Compound hypermetropia astigmatism-the two foci are found ------ the retina [behind] 15.------------Results in degenerative changes in the retina [pathological myopia] 16.To treat ------- knowledge of working distance is essential [presbyopia] 17.[ Lenticular astigmatism ]………. is due to variable refractive index of the lens in different meridian. 18. [ Corneal astigmatism ]………. is due to abnormalities in curvature of the cornea. 105

19.Give an example for oblique astigmatism ------------------ [120 to 150 and 30 to 60] 20.Pathological myopia is rapidly------&------visual acuity[progressive &subnormal] 21.High myopia causes---[retinal detachment] 22.How many types of acquired myopia are there ----[3types] 23.-------- [Astigmatism] arises when one of the patients eye’s has different powers in different axis. 24.Uncorrected Hypermetropia leads ----- [eso deviation] 25.A----- lens is mounted in an aperture in the Placido’s disc.[ convex] 26.The patient complaint defective vision , it may be due to ----------[refractive error] 27.Myopia other name ……… [short sightedness] 28.[Axial Myopia] . …… it is due do increase in the length of eye ball 29 . Axial Myopia example…… .[ buphthalmous ] 30 . Refractive error Due to increase in curvature of the cornea is called …….. [Curvature myopia ] 31.Curvature Myopia example [keratoconus & megalo cornea] 32.Changes in the refractive index of the lens result in ……..[Index Myopia] 33.Index Myopia example ………. [ Incipient cataract] 34.Refractive error Due to anterior placement of lens called ………..[ positional Myopia ] 35.Night Myopia other name ………[twilight myopia] 36 .Myopia symptoms:………, [ blurred Vision for distance ,Eye strain ,Close work abits] 37 .Myopia is easily corrected by…….. [concave lens & contact lens] 38.Myopia surgical treatment:.......... [LASIK & PRK] 39.The power of a contact lens in myopia is ………[ less than] of spectacle 40.Myopia was first defined by ……….[ kepler in year 1611] 42.The eye ball is longer in………[ Myopic patient] 43.………[ Induced Myopia] is seen in after glaucoma operation 44.Myopic Fundus shows……… [ Tigroid & Myopic crescent] 45.The degree of space myopia due to this condition is never more than …….[-0.75 -1.50DS] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

46.Primary open angle glaucoma is common association with…… [ Myopia ] 47.Complication of myopia is … [ Retinal Detachment ] 48.Foster fuch’s spot in retina is seen in …… [ high myopia ] 49.Far point of myopia is …….. [ finite point in front of the eye ] 50.Congenital myopia is usually diagnosed by the age of ……. [ 2 – 3 years ] 51.Congenital myopia may be associated with other congenital anomalies such as….. [cataract, micro ophthalmus, aniridia& megalo cornea] 52.In simple Myopia fundus is normal but rarely temporal ……[ myopic crescent ] may be seen 53.In myopic eye cornea is………. [large& AC is deep] 54.Degenerative changes in retina & choroid are common in ………. [ pathological myopia] 55.False myopia other name is …….. [ pseudo myopia] 56.Properties of concave lens …….. [ Thin in center , thick at periphery , Object appears minified , Produces virtual , erect /diminised image ) 57.Myopia causes: [ Axial curvature, index, positional myopia ] 59.Parallel light rays brought in to the focus in front of the retina is called … [myopia] 60.Asthenopioc symptoms in myopia is due to …...... [ convergence insufficiency and exophoria ] 61.The most common type of myopia which results from the normal biological variation in the development of the eye is ……. [simple myopia ] 62.Other names for Pathological myopia are …….. [Degenerative myopia & progressive myopia, Anterior subluxation of lens ] 63.Acquired myopia occurs due to ….. [Nuclear sclerosis increases ,Increase in curvature of cornea ] 64.False appearance of myopia is called …….. [ pseudo myopia ] 65.This type of myopia occurs when the individual has no stimulation for distance fixation ………. [ space myopia ] 66.RK expension ? Radial Keratotomy 67 .PRK expenson ? Photo Refractive Keratectomy 68.ICR expension ? Intra Corneal Rings 107

69.PIL expension ? Phakic Intraocular Lens 70 . Night blindness may be complained by very high myopes having marked ……[chorea retinal degenerative changes ] 71.Visual field contraction & ring scotoma may be seen in…………[Pathological myopia , aphakia patient t] 72.In myopic pt the posterior segment of the sclera is…… [ thin] 73.Tigroid fundus is also present in case of ………… [choroid sclerosis & retinal atrophy & pathological myopia ] 74. The lens is a ……… [ Biconvex form.] 75.Near sightedness is an error of visual focusing that makes ……… [distant objects appear blurred] 76.Simple myopia up…….. [ 0 – 6.0 DS below ] 77.Pathological myopia is above ……. [ – 6.0 DS ] 78.About 1mm shortening of the anteroposterior diameter of the eye results in [ 3.0 DS ] of Hypermetropia. 79.About 1mm increase in radius of curvature resukts in ........of Hypermetropia [ 6.0 DS] 80.Diabetic myopia occurs due to a decrease in the ……… [ refractive index of cortex ] 81.Surgical over correction of Hypermetropia results in …….. [ consecutive myopia ] 82.This myopia is present at birth and may be unilateral or bilateral ……. [ congenital myopic 83.Astigmatism defined by ……….. [ Isaac neurton year 192 F ] 84.One meridian has power, other meridian nil,……… [ cylinder lens] 85.Cylindrical lens invented by ………. [ airy Cambridge ] 86.List Any two Astigmatism symptoms ……. [ headache, eye strain ] 87.surgical treatment for astigmatism ………. [ PRK, lasik, astigmatic keratotomy ] 88.Astigmatism is a condition of refraction, where the …………..[ point focus ] of light cannot be formed upon the retina 91.Astigmatic refractive index causes……… [ cataract ] 92.Retinal causes for astigmatism is …………. [ oblique placement of macula ]which is seen occasionally Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

93.Astigmatism types……….. [ regular, irregular astigmatism ] 94.Regular types………. [ refractive & physiological astigmatism ] 95.Refractive astigmatism types ……….. [ simple, compound, mixed astigmatism] 96.Physiological astigmatism types…….. [ with the rule astigmatism, against the rule astigmatism, oblique astigmatism, bioblique astigmatism ] 97.……. [ Jackson cross cylinder ] used for cylinder power & axis verification 98……….. [ Stenopic slit, astigmatic fan ] used for cylinder axis verification 99.How many cylinder lens in trial set …… [ 80 ] 100. In. …….. [ Oblique astigmatism ] principle meridians are at right angles, but are not vertical and horizontal 101. When principle meridians are not at right angles but crossed obliquely …… [ Bi – oblique astigmatism ] 102. [ Circle of least diffusion ] …….. is formed when rays refracted by both meridians have equal and opposite tendencies 103. Irregularities in the …….. [ curvature of the cornea ] cause irregular astigmatism 104. Tools used in evaluation of astigmatism any two ……….. [ keratometry, jackson cross cylinder] 105. [ Astigmatic fan ] …….. is a construction of vertical lines at a different meridian from 0 to 180 degrees 106. The cross cylinder is a…….. [ sphero – cylinder lens] 107. [ Placido’s disc] ……… is a flat disc bearing concentric black and white rings 108. A……… [ convex lens ] is mounted in an aperture in the center of the placidos disc 109.Other name of stenopic slit ………. [ enlargement of the pinhole ] 110. Stenopic slit width …….. [ 1mm & length 15mm ] 111.For Regular astigmatism which contact lens treatment used …… (toric lens – prism balastic lens) 112. For Regular astigmatism which optical treatment spectacle….. (concave – convex cylinder lens) 113.Irregular astigmatism treatment …….(Hard / semisoft contact lens) 114.Against the rule astigmatism other name…….[ inverse astigmatism] 109

115. When the vertical meridian is more curved than the horizontal meridian this is known ……….. [ as with the rule astigmatism] 116. When the horizontal meridian is more curved than the vertical meridian. This is known as ………. [ against the rule astigmatism ] 117. Distance between these two focal lines is known as…… [ focal interval] of strum 118.Here the rays are focused on the retina in one meridian and infront the retina on the other meridian………. [ simple myopic astigmatism] 119. Here neither of the two foci lies upon the retina but are placed behind it. It is known as………. [ compound hypermetropic astigmatism] 120. One focus is in front of and the other behind the retina, so that the refraction is hypermetropic is one meridian and myopic in the other.This is called ……………………. [ mixed astigmatism ] 121....... is the pint where the more clear image is formed ( Circle of Least diffusion ) 122. The parallel rays come to the retina. One focused on the retina, and other one focused in behind of the retina is called ……… [ Simple Hypermetropic astigmatism.] 123.Astigmatism is type of refractive error where the refraction varies in …………………[ different meridians] 124. 41.50 x 43.50 @ 150 ……………. [ with rule astigmatism] 125. 48.00 x 42.00 @ 130 ............... [ .against rule astigmatism ] 126. Cylindrical lenses ranges from ………….. [ 0.12 D to 6.0 D ] 127. In cylindrical lens……… [ axis] meridian is indicated by……….. [ special marks ]and comes without handle for easy rotation. 128.Hypermetropia defined by……… [ Kestner in 1755] 129. ……….. [ Facultative hypermetropia] can be corrected by accommodation 130……….. [ Absolute hypermetropia ] cannot be corrected by accommodation 131.The parallel rays come to the retina. One focused on the retina, and other one focused in front of the retina is called …….. [ Simple myopic astigmatism.] 132. Total hypermetropia =……. [ latent + manifest hypermetropia] 133. Absence of crystalline lens in the eye is called … [ aphakia] 134. ………… [ Positional hypermetropia] may be occur due to posterior subluxation of lens Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

135.Clinical types of hypermetropia is pathological…[ Hypermetropia and simple hypermetropia ] 136. Donders formula TH= ……….. [ MH+1/3 LH] 137. Fogging method used to indentify the…… [MH] 138. ESo with hypermetropia will be given……. [full correction] 139. Exo with hypermetropia will be given……. [under correction] 140. [ Latent ]… hypermetropia is corrected by normal physiological tone of the ciliary muscle. 141. The Hypermetropia that is not corrected by the normal physiological tone of the ciliary muscle is ………. [ manifest hypermetropia]. 142.[ MH+1/4LH]………… formula is used for head ache with asthenopia problem patient. 143. [MH+1/3LH] ………..formula is used for actual amount of hypermetropia. 144. [MH+LH]………… formula is used for hypermetropia with esotropia patient. 145. [ MH+1/2LH] ………. formula is used for headache with reading difficulty. 146. The oblique placement of macula will be produce ……… [ retinal] astigmatism. 147.Horizontal astigmatism means …….. [ 180º±30º ] 148. Both parallel rays are focused in front of the retina,….. [ Compound myopic astigmatism.] 149. Two parallel rays are come to the retina. One ray was focused in front of the retina, and other one was focused behind the retina is called ……. [ mixed astigmatism.] 150. Axial hypermetropia example …….. [ microphthalmus] . 151. Index hypermetropia ,………… [ aphakia, cortical cataract] . 152. [The types of hypermetropia ] ……is congenital, acquired, simple. 153.[ LH,MH]……….. are the types of accommodative hypermetropia. 154. [ FH, AH ] …………. Are the types of manifest hypermetropia. 155. the symptoms of hypermetropia are ………. [ headache, blurred vision, defective near vision]. 156. Small cornea, small eye ball, shallow anterior chamber , smallest discare the signs of the ………… [ hypermetropia ]. 111

157. Complication of ……….. [ hypermetropia ] is amblyopia, accommodative convergent squint, closed angle glaucoma. 158. Treatment of hypermetropia ………. [ Spectacles / Contact lens /Surgery – hypermetropia ]] . 159. Clinical types of hypermetropia are…….. [ pathological, simple, acquired ]. 160. The other name of hypermetropia ……… [ long sight] 161. Posteriorly placed crystalline lens causes …….. [ positional hypermetropia ] 162. Consecutive hypermetropia means………. [ pseudophakia with under correction ] 163.At birth , eye ball is relatively short causing ...... [ Hypermetropia of +2.0ds -+3.0ds ] 164. If Hypermetropia patient sees Red colour image clearly we have given the.... [ over correction.] 165.If Myopia patient see clearly in Green colour image we given the ……….. [ over correction.] 166. [ Pathological hypermetropia] ………. result due to either congenital or acquired condition of the eye ball. 167.[ Hypermetropia ] ………. means when parallel rays of light from infinity are focused beyond the retina when accommodation is at rest. 168. ----------------is the treatment of hypermetropia [convex lens ]. 169. ------------------ cannot be corrected by accommodation [absolute hypermetropia] 170. In myopia patient normally see … [ Red colour image ] clearly 171. In hypermetropia patient normally sees ………. [ Green colour image.] clearly 172. Simple myopia is due to normal ……….. variation in the development eye [biological]. 173. curvature myopia example ----------------------[keratoconus and megalocornea]. 174. Twilight myopia other name ------------------------[night myopia]. 175.Index myopia example ---------------------[incipient cataract]. 176.-----------------myopia due to hereditary [pathological]. 177. Types of astigmatism -----------------------[ 3] . 178.[ Presbyopia ] …………is an age related progressive loss of the focusing power of the lens 179. Myopia other name -------------------[ short or near sightedness]. Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

181.Types of myopia ................... [4]. 182. Axial myopia example----------------- [ buphthalmos] . 183. The increase in 1mm of axial length causes -----------of myopia [6D] . 184. Simple myopia other name --------------------- [ near sightedness]. 185. The different between the lines in astigmatic fan is ……. [ 10°] 186.Pathological myopia causes ---------------[degenerative changes in retina]. 187.Pathological myopia other name ---------------------[ Progressive / Degenerative Myopia ] 188.The peripheral thickness of cornea is…….. [ 1mm ] 189. The cornea is ……… [ _Convex ] Form 190.Myopia treatment --------------- [ Concave Lens ]. 191.In myopic patient the eye ball is --------------- [larger]. 192.AC is deep in ----------------- [ myopia]. 193. The cornea diameter is…….. [ 11mm to 12mm ] 194.Myopia various types ---------------- [4]. 195.PVD abbreviation --------------------.[ Posterior Vitreous Detachment ] 196.Myopia patient will have ------------------glaucoma [open angle]. 197.Index myopia example ----------------------.[Incepient cataract ] 198.Surgical over correction of hypermetropia is ------------------[Consective myopia ] 199. The lens thickness is …….. [ 4.0mm.] 200.Myopia complication ---------------- [retinal detachment]. 201.Myopic fundus ----------------[ Tigroid fundus ,temporal crecent , degenerative changes ] 202.[ Strums conoid ] ……… is a series of image formed by astigmatic surface 203. The posterior curvature of lens is…….. [ 6.0mm 204.Myopia far point -------------------- [Finite point in front of eye ] 205.Congenital myopia is associated with ---------------- [Convergent squint]. 206. Write about the type of astigmatism is the curvature at .............. K1 = 8.2x180* , K2 = 7.9x90* [ Against the rule astigmatism.] 113

207. Write the corneal diopter for cylinder -3.25 х 150°…….... [ K1 = 41.0 х150°, K2 = 44.25 х 60°] 208.Write the corneal diopter for cylinder -2.50 х 75° …… [ K1 = 39.50х165°, K2 = 42.0 х 75°] 209. Write the corneal diopter for cylinder +3.25 х 150° …[ K1 = 44.25х150°, K2 = 41.0 х 60°] 210.Axial hypermetropia example ----------------- [microphthalmos]. 211.Index hypermetropia example -----------------------. 212.Types of hypermetropia are------------------------------- [3]. 213. Write about the astigmatism is the Diopter at K1- 46.0 х180,K2- 42.50х90[4.50x90,+3.50x180]..........[against rule astigmatism] 214.----------------- types of manifest hypermetropia [2]. 215.Headache, blurred vision, defective near vision, over eye strain are the --------------- hypermetropia [manifest]. 216. [ Oblique astigmatism ]………… is principle meridian are at right angle but not vertical and horizontal. 217. [Bioblique astigmatism ]………. principle meridian are not at right angle but crossed obliquely. 218.Write about astigmatism in the diopter is K1 = 42.75х180, K2 = 48.25 х 90 ……….[-5.50x180 (or) +5.50x90] 219. Write about the types of astigmatism is the curvature at K1 = 7.8x180*, K2 = 8.3x90*………… [ With the rule astigmatism ] 220.---------------- can be corrected by accommodation [facultative hypermetropia]. 221.----------------- cannot be corrected by accommodation [absolute ]. 222. Cornea may be slightly-------------------. 223. [ MH + 1/3LH ]………formula is used for actual amount of hypermetropia. 224. Horizontal astigmatism means ……… [ 180°, ± 30° ] 225.Vertical astigmatism means ……. [ 90°, ± 30°] 226.[ With the rule astigmatism] …….means vertical meridian is more curved than horizontal meridian. Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

227. [ Against the rule astigmatism]………is Horizontal meridian is more curved than vertical meridian 228.The human eyes do not refract the light rays correctly on the retina resulting in Blurred vision. 229. The Donders formula is …….. [ MH + 1/3LH.] 230.[ Emmetropia] ……….is a normal refractive condition of the eye. 231.The Rays are focused either in front of (or) behind the retina, it is termed as….[ ammetropia.] 232. Steep cornea means Diopter of the cornea…….. [ above 46D] 233. Flat cornea means Diopter of the cornea……. [ below 40D] 234. Steep corneal curvature of the cornea is……….. [ below 7.4mm.] 235.[ Nuclear] …….cataract produced index myopia. 236. The parallel light rays focused in front of the retina is called…… [ Myopia. ] . 237.The parallel light rays focused behind the retina is called…… [ Hypermetropia]. 238.The parallel light rays focused at different focal points is called ……. [ Astigmatism.]. 239. ……..[ Axial myopia]causes increase in the anterio-posterior length of the eyeball. 240.Positional myopia is due to……. [ Anterior displacement] of lens. 241. In myopia patient commonly presents with …… [ Exophoria.] 242. [ Axial Hypermetropia]……… causes is decrease in the anterio posterior length of the eyeball. 243.In hypermetropia patient commonly presents with......[ Esophoria. ] 244. [ Hypermetropia, congenital myopia] ……. is present at birth. 245. Myopia is easily corrected by …… [ Concave lens.] 246. Myopia complication is………. [Retinal Detachment, Vitreous degeneration.] 247. ……….[ Open angle glaucoma ] is seen in commonly in myopia patient. 248.[ Space myopia]……….occurs when the individual has no stimulation for Distance fixation. 249………. [ Night Myopia ] the eye has difficulty seeing in low illumination even though day time vision is normal. 115

250. Pseudo myopia is due to ........... accommodation [ Excessive ] 251. Refractive index of the Cornea is ………. [ 1.37.] 252. Refractive index of the cortex of the lens is……… [ 1.38 ] 253. Refractive index of the air is………. [ 1.0 ] 254. Refractive index of the water is………. [ 1.33 ] 255. Refractive index of the Diamond is ……. [ 2.5 ] 256. Refractive index of the nucleus of the lens is ……. [ 1.40 ] 257. Refractive index of the aqueous and vitreous is…….. [ 1.33] 258. In flat corneal curvature of the cornea is …….. [ above 8.4mm.] 259. The lens and cornea is……… [ Refractive medium.] 260. ………. [ Anterior surface] of the lens is accommodation part. 261.Corneal ectasia will produce…….. [ Acquired myopia.] 262. Normal axial length is ……… [ 23.0mm to 24.5mm.] 263. Normal corneal diopter is…….. [ 43D to 44D ] 264. Normal corneal curvature of anterior surface …… [ 7.8mm.] 265. Normal corneal curvature of posterior surface…….. [ 6.5mm ] 266. The central thickness of cornea is…….. [ 0.5mm ] . III.Unscramble : 1 REHEIORPYMTPA - HYPERMETROPIA 2 MUCOPDON - COMPOUND 3 CEMRTIPOME - EMMETROPIC 4 LUENUAQ - UNEQUAL 5 INERFD - FRIEND 6 LIMINLUATNE - ILLUMINATION Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

7 IAPIDLOHOR - DUOCHROME 8 APILOYPO - POLYOPIA 9 REDDORSIS - DISORDERS 10 EIADSES - DISEASE 11 ERIANT - RETINA 12 OCINDTNOI - CONDITION 13 STROHENSIGTHSS - SHORTSIGHTNESS 14 LGSIONESHSGNT - LONGSIGHTNESS 15 ROIPAMEAT - AMETROPI 16 HENBID - BEHIND 17 RINTOTN - INFRONT 18 ALIAX - AXIAL 19 OITPIOLANS - POSITIONAL 20 REUVTCUAR - CURVATURE 21 NRAEICSE - INCREASE 22 NDEIX - INDEX 23 HECGAN - CHANGE 24 RENTIROA - ANTERIOR 25 EPRSNTE - PRESENT 26 IULARLATNE - UNILATERAL 27 AIRABLTEL - BILATERAL 28 PSLIEM - SIMPLE 29 OREUPXEO - EXPOSURE 117

30 SUPEYOMIAODP - PSEUDO MYOPIA 31 AHADEACH - HEAD ACHE 32 TNESAINOPC - ASTHENOPIC 33 HINTYOAINMP - NIGHT MYOPIA 34 HLITG - LIGHT 35 UTNISQ - SQUINT 36 SUNATSYGM - NYSTAGMUS 37 AEPRYBOISP - PRESBYOPIA 38 SSDDITGUEN - GIDDINESS 39 LARPELAL - PARALLEL 40 MADACTNOICMOO - ACCOMMODATION 41 ORIEPTRSO - POSTERIOR 42 GENLHT - LENGTH 43 RSHTORE - SHORTER 44 TLFREAT - FLATTER 45 SUNEULC - NUCLEAS 46 NCEAOR - CORNEA 47 MCEPLOX - COMPLEX 48 OITTYILM - MOTILITY 49 UAOLRC - OCULAR 50 AGINSIMNTMLE - MISALIGNMENT 51 TAENLT - LATENT 52 AIMNESTF - MANIFEST Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

53 ACLATIEAFVT - FACULTATIVE 54 MRTNIETTITE - INTERMITTENT 55 EORTHRHIAOE - HETEROPHORIA 56 ROETHOTIARPE - HETEROTROPIA 57 TREHPOIRAPY - HYPERTROPIA 58 VAEQNTLEUI - EQUIVALENT 59 ALTHOGPAOLIC - PATHOLOGICAL 60 CLCICYPLOEG - CYCLOPLEGIC 61 JEVESUCTBI - SUBJECTIVE 62 DEPLAMTUI - AMPLITUDE IV. TRUE OR FALSE 1.Refractive Errors Are the Most Common Eye disorder And Not A Diseases (True) 2.A Refractive Error Means That The Shape Of The Human Eyes Do Not Refract The Light Rays Correctly On The Resulting Clear Vision (False) 3.Emetropia Is A Normal Refractive Condition Of The Eye In Which The Parallel Light Rays from Infinity Come To A Focus Exactly On The Retina Without Any Accommodation Changes (True] 4. The Rays Focused In front of The Retina is called the Hypermetropia (False) 5.The Rays Focused Behind The Retina is called the Myopia ( False ) 6.Myopia Is Called as Nearsightedness (True) 7.Curvature Myopia Is Due To Increase In The Antero Posterior Length Of The Eyeball ( False ) 8.Index Myopia Is the Change Of Refractive Index In The Lens ( True ) 9.Positional Myopia is Due To Anterior Placement Of Lens ( True ) 10.Myopia patient having POAG glaucoma (True) 119

11.Distance Decreases With Increase In The Degree Of Myopia ( True ) 12.The Near Object Is Focused Without An Effort Of Accommodation in myopia ( True ) 13.Congenital Myopia Is Present At Birth And May Be Unilateral Or Bilateral ( True ) 14.Space Myopia Occurs When The Individual Has No Stimulation For Distance Fixation ( True ) 15.Exo with hypermetropia will be given full correction (false) 16.Retinal Atrophy In The Macula Cause Loss Of Peripheral Vision ( False ) 17.Myopia Is Corrected with Convex Lenses ( False ) 18.Orthokeratology [Ortho – K] Uses Rigid Contact Lenses ( True ) 19.Corneal Astigmatism Is The Result Of Abnormalities Of Curvature Of The Lens ( False ) 20.Presbyopia Is Age Related Progressive Loss Of The Focusing Power Of The Lens (True) 21.The positional hypermetropia may occur due to posterior subluxation of lens ( True) 22.The parallel light rays brought to focus behind the retina is called myopia ( false) 23.Presbyopia is a refractive error(False) 24.In general, during refraction right eye is tested first [ True ] 25.. In LASIK an excimer laser is used to reshape the lens [ False ] 26.Near visual acuity is measured using Snellen’s chart [false] 27.Vertex Distance is measured using a PD ruler (False) 28.A decrease of 1mm in axial length produces a hypermetropia of 3.0 D (True) 29.If rays falling on retina come from infinity, the patient has normal vision. (True ) 30.One eye No PL and other eye have 6/6 vision, can get 40% concession ( false ) 31.Pseudo myopia occurs due to excessive convergence ( False ) 32.The posterior lens surface has a large radius of curvature than the anterior lens surface(False) 33.Astigmatism causes the person to see a distorted image – (True ) 34.Unifocal is a single vision spectacle – ( True ) 35.Jaegers is the one type of near vision chart ( True) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

V.MATCH THE FOLLOWING - Present at Birth - Eye Disorder 1 Congenital Myopia - Normal Eye 2 Refractive Error - In front Of the Retina 3 Emetropia - Behind the Retina 4 Myopia - Myopia 5 Hypermetropia - Anterior Posterior Length 6 Shortsightedness - Curvature of the Cornea 7 Axial Myopia - Change of Refractive Index 8 Curvature Myopia - Anterior Placement of Lens 9 Index Myopia - Exophoria 10 Positional Myopia - Degenerative Change in the Eye 11 Convergence - Degenerative Change in Retina 12 Simple Myopia - Corneal Ectasia 13 Pathological Myopia - False Appearance 14 Acquired Myopia - Headache 15 Pseudo Myopia - Asthenopic Complaints 16 Night Myopia - Day time Vision Is Normal 17 Night Myopia - No Stimulation for Distance Fixatio 18 Night Myopia - Close Working Habits 19 Space Myopia - Myopia 20 Myopia - Jaege 21 Near Object Clear - Refractive Power 22 Near Visual Acuity 23 Refraction 121

24 Myopia - Retinal Examination Loss of Central Vision 25 Retinal Atrophy - Concave Lens Contact Lens 26 Myopia - Orthokeratology Lasi 27 Myopia Treatment - Short Wave Length Of Light Younger People Affected 28 Myopia Surgery - Hypermetropia 1.37 29 Myopia - 1.38 1.4 30 Night Myopia - Micropthalmous Usually High Above +10 31 Night Myopia - Hypermetropia Convex Lens 32 Decreases Curvature Of Myopia - RX=MH+1/4LH RX=MH+1/2LH 33 Corneal Refractive Index - RX=MH+LH Lenticonu 34 Cortex Refractive Index - Oblique Placement of Macula With Rule 35 Nucleus Refractive Index - Against Rule Keratometer 36 Congenital Hypermetropia - Spectacle Astigmatism 37 Acquired Hypermetropia - 38 Prolonged Close Work - 39 Hypermetropia - 40 Asthenopic - 41 Reading Difficulty - 42 Esotropia - 43 Lenticular - 44 Retinal Astigmatism - 45 Minus Cylinder 180 - 46 Minus Cylinder 90 - 47 Curvature of the Cornea - 48 Concave, Convex Cylinder - Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

49 Jackson cross cylinder - Power and Axis Cylinder Lens 50 Stenopic Slit - 51 Keratoplasty - Principle Axis 52 Presbyopia - 53 Inability of Focus near Point - Conical Cornea 54 Normal Reading Distance - 55 Near Vision Correction - Focusing Power of Lens 56 Axial myopia - 57 Manifest hypermetropia - Presbyopia 58 Torticollis - 33cm to 40cm Age, Job, Working Distance Length of the eyeball Donder’s formula Imaginary line crossing the lens optic center VI.CORRECT SENTENCE 1.A cylinder has maximum power in a direction parallel to its axis Answer: No power. 2.Congenital anomaly like microphthalmos will result in congenital myopia Answer: Congenital hypermetropia. 3.Increase in add power greater than 0.5 D is difficult to tolerate. Answer 0.75 - 0.5Ds. 4.In hypermetopia far point is before infinity. Answer: Beyond . 5.Irregular astigmatism principle meridional are at right angles. Answer: Are not at right angles. 6.Only myopia can be corrected by LASIK. Answer: myopia and hypermetropia VII.GIVE THE REASON 123

1.Why is concave lens given for myopic patient? To decrease the power of the eye and to focus on the retina because concave lens has negative power . 2.Why After surgery pinhole visual acuity is measured ? To assess the vision status. 3.Myopia patients have clear near vision why? No need for accommodation. 4.Presbyopic patients prefer to read in bright light . Why ? pupil constricts and depth of field increases. 5.The refractive index of a medium is always greater than one Speed of light in air is maximum. 6.Concave lens is used to correct myopia To diverge rays and focus on the retina. 7. Hypermetropic patient has difficulty in doing prolonged close work. More accommodation for near work . 8.Vision will not improve for uncorrected Ammetropia. Why? To correct the refractive error. 9 .For astigmatism, the axis must be refined first To determine the correct prescription . 10.Myopia is a risk factor for retinal detachment Large eye ball. 11. How we see objects? The image is focused sharply on the retina. 12 . Unifocal is a single vision spectacle This type of spectacles is mostly used for distance vision or near reading work. VIII. Explain the following disorder 1.Myopia Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

It is one of the refractive error & it makes distant objects appear blurred. 2.Axial myopia Increase in the anterio-posterior length of the eyeball. 3.Curvature myopia Increases in curvature of cornea or one or both the surface of the lens. 4.Index myopia A change of refractive index in the lens result in index myopia. 5.Positional myopia This is due to anterior placement of lens. 6.Congenital myopia This myopia present at birth &it may be unilateral or bilateral. 7.Simple myopia It is the common type of myopia. It result from the normal biological variation in the developmental of the eye. 8.Pathological myopia This myopia subnormal visual acuity persists even with correction &there are degenerative changes in the retina. 9.Acquired myopia This is due to exposure to various pharmaceuticals, increase in glucose level ,nuclear sclerosis,and increase in the curvature of the cornea. 10.Night myopia It is due to increase in sensitivity to the shorter wave length of light and difficulty seeing in low illumination. 11.Space myopia It occurs when the individual has no stimulation for distance fixation. 12.Hypermetropia It is one type of refractive error,Difficulty with near&distant object appear blurred. 13.Axial hypermetropia 125

When the anterior or posterior length of the eyeball is shorter than normal. 14.Curvature hypermetropia When the curvature of the cornea or lens is flatter than normal. 15.Index hypermetropia When the refractive index of the media is less than normal. 16.Astigmatism Astigmatism is a type of refractive error where the refraction varies in different meridians. 17.Regular astigmatism The astigmatism is regular when the refractive power changes uniformly from onemeridian to another. 18.With the rule astigmatism When the vertical meridian is more curved than the horizontal meridian. 19.Against the rule astigmatism The horizontal meridian is more curved than the vertical meridian. 20.Oblique astigmatism When principle meridians are at right angles ,but are not vertical &horizontal. 21.Bi-oblique astigmatism When principle meridians are not at right angles but crossed obliquely. 22.Presbyopia It is an age related progressive loss of the focusing power of the lens. 23.Congenital myopia Present from birth,Unilateral or bilateral. 24.Simple myopia Most commonDue to variation in the anatomy of the eye,Required power increases gradually until adult hood No degenerative changes. 25.Pathological myopia Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

Rapid progressionLow VA , even with correction,Degenerative changes. 26.Acquired myopia Due to exposure to drugs, increase in glucose, nuclear sclerosis etc. Corneal degeneration 27.Pseudo myopia Due to excessive accommodation,Causes headache and aesthenopia complications. 28.Night myopia Deficiency of dim vision ,Due to increased sensitivity to shorter wavelengths. 29.Space myopia No stimulation for distant vision. VIII.ENGLISH TO TAMIL 1 Time Consuming Process - தநரம்எடுக்கும்சசயல்முளற வழங்கப்பட்ைது 2 Presented - ேரநிளல பல 3 Standard - பரிந்துளரக்கப்படுகிறது முடிவிலி 4 Multiple - ளகபிடித்ேது பின்வருைாறு 5 Prescribed - இளணயாக மூல 6 Infinity - ேரம் கண்ைருத்துவர் 7 Hand Held - சோைக்கநிளல சோளலதநாக்கி 8 Following - 9 Parallel - 10 Source - 11 Quality - 12 Ophthalmologist - 13 Early Stage - 14 Telescope - 127

15 Acuity - கூர்ளை 16 Vision - பார்ளவ 17 Lens power - சலன்ஸ்சக்ேி 18 Eye - கண் 19 Object - சபாருள் 20 Letter - கடிேம் 21 Clear - சேளிவாைது 22 Distinguishably - தவறுபாடு 23 Specified - குறிப்பிைப்பட்டுள்ளது 24 Distance - தூரம் 25 Medial - இளைநிளல 26 Sharpness - கூர்ளை 27 Discrimination - பாகுபாடு 28 Central vision - ளையபார்ளவ 29 Clarity - சேளிவு 30 Peripheral vision - புறபார்ளவ 31 Standard - ேரநிளல 32 Chart - விளக்கப்பைம் 33 Independently - சுேந்ேிரைாக 34 Normal - சாோரண 35 Separate - ேைி 36 Angle - தகாணம் 37 Minute - நிைிைம் 38 Perfect - சரியாைது 39 Requires - தேளவ 40 Factors - காரணிகள் Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

41 Light sense - ஒளிஉணர்வு 42 Colour sense - வண்ணஉணர்வு 43 Universally - உலகளவில் 44 Test - தசாேளை 45 Legible - சேளிவாைது 46 Principles - சகாள்ளககள் 47 Diminishing - குளறந்துவருகிறது 48 Picture - பைம் 49 Shape - வடிவம் 50 Size - அளவு 51 Square - சதுரம் 52 Meter - ைீட்ைர் 53 Ray - கேிர் 54 Parallel - இளணயாக 55 Purposes - தநாக்கங்களுக்காக 56 Reflect - பிரேிபலிக்கவும் 57 Plane mirror - சவற்றுகண்ணாடி 58 Room - அளற 59 Breadth - அகலம் 60 Length - நீளம் 61 Level - நிளல 62 General - சபாது 63 Illumination - சவளிச்சம் IX.ANSWER BRIEFLY 1.What is the name of the technique which uses rigid contact lenses to change the shape of the cornea? 129

Answer: orthokeratology 2.What is hypermetropia? Answer: An error of refraction in which parallel rays of light from infinity come to focus behind the retina. 3.What is with the rule astigmatism? Answer: The vertical meridian is more curved than the horizontal meridian 4.Presbyopia: Answer: Loss of accommodation power due to aging problem. X.Draw the following diagrams 1.Draw about myopia. 2.Simple myopic astigmatism. 3.Illustrate different types of astigmatism with diagrams. 4.Draw about hypermetropia. 5.Simple astigmatism. 6.Compound astigmatism. 7.Mixed astigmatism. 8.Strums conoid . XI.2MARKS 1.Define myopia 2.What is the aetiology of myopia? 3.What is the optical condition of myopia? 4.What are the clinical types of myopia 5.What are the symptoms of myopia? 6.Write about the investigations for myopia 7.What are the complication of myopia? 8.Write about the management of myopia Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

9.What is the surgical treatment of myopia? 10.What is hypermetropia? 11.What is the optical correction for hypermetropia? 12.Waht are the types of hypermetropia 13.What are the symptom of hypermetropia? 14.Define total hypermetropia 15.What are the complication of hypermetropia? 16.What is the treatment of hypermetropia? 17.Define astigmatism? 18.What is aetiology of astigmatism? 19.What are the types of astigmatism 20.What is simple astigmatism? 21.What is compound astigmatism? 22.What is mixed astigmatism? 23.What are the symptom of astigmatism? 24.How to evaluate the astigmatism? 25.Write about astigmatic fan? 26.What is the use of Jackson cross cylinder? 27.Write about steno pic slit? 28.Define placido disc? 29.What is the treatment astigmatism? 30.Write about presbyopia 31.What are the risk factor of presbyopia? 32.What are the signs &symptoms of presbyopia? 33.Write about the treatment of presbyopia? 34.What is the other name of the hypermetropia? 35.What is the latent hypermetropia? 131

36.What is presbyopia 37.What is Astigmatism? 38.What are the symptoms of astigmatism? 39.What is the other name of the oblique astigmatism? 40.What is the other name of the against rule astigmatism? 41.What is symptom of presbyopia? XII.5 MARKS 1.Explain about myopia &optical correction ? 2.Explain about clinical types of myopia 3.Explain- hypermetropia 4.Explain presbyopia 5.Explain astigmatism 6.Explain strums conoid 7.Explain Sturm’s conoid with a neat diagram 8.Explain myopia definition, causes, symptoms, types and management 9.Types of astigmatism? 10. Clinical types of myopia? XIII.JUMPING WORDS D-S-RD-RS E--ET-O-I- 1. DISORDER ACC-MM-D-T-ON 2. EMMETROPIA A-TER--OS-ER--R 3. ACCOMMODATION E-OP-O--A 4. ANTERO POSTERIOR CO-G-N-T-- 5. EXOPHORIA B-O-O-I--L 6. CONGENITAL V-R-A-IO- 7. BIOLOGICAL DE-E-E-AT- 8. VARIATION 9. DEGENEARTE Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

10. PATHOLOGICAL P--HO-OG-C-- 11. CURVATURE C-R-A-UR- 12. PSEUDO P-E-D- 13. STIMULATION ST--U--L-T-ON 14. TENDENCY T-ND--CY 15. ILLUMINATION I--UMI-AT--- 16. FLOATERS F-OA--E-S 17. FLASHING LIGHTS F-A--ING L-GH-S 18. NUCLEAR SCLEROSIS N-CL--R SCLE--S-S 19. HYPERMETROPIC H-P-R-ET-OPI- 20. MICROOPTHALMAS M-CR--PTHAL-A- WORKSHEET: 1.What are the causes of pseudo myopia? 2.Which myopic produces no stimulation for distance fixation? 3.What is the normal size of eyeball at birth? 4.Presbyopia causes blurring of near vision. Why? 5.What is the other name of night myopia? 6.Write about the acquired myopia types: 7.Gives the example for: 1.Axial myopia 2.Curvature myopia 3.Index myopia 4.Positional myopia 8.Which glands inflammation causes the astigmatism? 9.Which age congenital myopia diagnosed ? 10.What is the causes of astigmatic refractive index error? 11.What is the causes of astigmatism curvature error? 133

12.What is the causes of astigmatism centering error? CHAPTER - 5 ANISOMETROPIA, ANISEIKONIA & AMBLYOPIA Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

CHAPTER - 5 ANISOMETROPIA, ANISEIKONIA & AMBLYOPIA Anisometropia: Aetiology Vision status Clinical types Clinical test and results FRIEND TEST Worth Four Dot Test Treatment Optical Surgery Aetiology 135

Clinical types Symptoms Testing Space eiknometer Rule of thumb Treatment Amblyopia: Mechanism Characteristics Types Treatment Follow up I.ABBREVATIONS: Worth Four Dot Test WFDT Intra Ocular Lens IOL Diopter D II.CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER 1. Anisometropia is One Of the..[a].... Defect A] Binocular Optical B] Uniocular Optical C] A,B 2. Anisometropia Arises due to Difference In Refractive Error Between...[b]... A] One Eye B] Two Eye C] A, B 3. A Small Degree Of Anisometropia occurs Commonly When There Is A Small Amount Of....[c].. A] Refractive Error B] Myopic Error C] Astigmatic Error Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

4. 1 Diopter Difference between the Refraction of the Two Eyes results in eye difference ...[b].. Between The Retinal Image A] 1 % B] 2 % C] 3 % 5. Etiological typs of anisometropia .....[c]...... A]CongenitalAnisometropia B]Acquired Anisometropia C]A, B 6. Anisometropia Occurs Due To Differential Growth of the...[c].... A] One Eye Ball B] A, B C] Two Eye Ball 7. What is the Reason for Acquired Anisometropia...[c]….. A] Uniocular Lens Removal B] Trauma to the Eye C] All of The Above 8. Vision Status in Anisometropia can be . ...[c]..... A] Binocular Vision B] Alternate Vision C] All of The Above 9. Binocular Vision Is Present In...[b]..... Degree of Anisometropia A] High Degree B] Small Degree C] Low Degree 10. AnisometropiaOf About.]b]......can be Tolerated Depending the Individual A] 1.D to 4d B] 1.5d to 3d C] A, B 11.Patient will have Monovision if One Is Emmetropic Or Hypermetropic And Other Eye is .[b]... A] Astigmatism B] Myopic C] A, B 13.Monovision The Refractive Error Is High in One Eye Compared To The Other Then High Degree Refractive Error Eye Receives Continuously...[a]... Eye A] Blurred Image B] Lear Image C] Double Image 14. The Eye Receiving Blurred Image Is Suppressed And Develops..[b]..... A] Anisometropia B] Amblyopia C] Aniseikonia 15. One of the Clinical Types of Anisometropia....[c]. 137

A] Congenital B] Vision Status AnisometropiaC] Compound Anisometreopia 16. Simple Anisometropia One Eye Is Myopic And Other Eye is [c]........ A] Astigmatism B] Hypermetropia C] No refractive error 17. Compound Anisometropia.....[a]... Have Refractive Error A] Both Eyes B] One Eye C] A, B 18.Aniseikonia is due to-------- [ D] a. Chromatic aberration b. Spherical aberration c. Blur circles on the retina d. Unequal size of retinal image of both eye 19. Mixed Anisometropia The Refractive Error is One Eye in Hypermetropic And Other Eye is ..[a].... A] Myopic B] Hypermetropia C] Emmetropia 20. Mixed anisometropia is Also known as….[c]…..... A] Simple AnisometropiaB] Mixed Anisometropia C]Antimetropia 21. Compound Astigmatic Anisometropia Both Eyes have astigmatism but of ...[b]….... Degrees A] Equal B] Unequal C] A, B 22.In correction of more ametropic eye-------------is quite helpful. [b] A]glass B]contact lens C]none of the above 23. Clinical Test of Anisometropia….[c]... A] Friend Test B] WFDT C] A, B Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

24. The Word Friend is Illuminated With..[b].... Color A] Yellow, Blue B] Red, Green C] Green, Pink 25. Red and Green Goggles Are Placed In..[b].. Of The Eye A] Back B] Front C] Between 26. If the Patient Reads Friend has …[b]...... Vision A] Uniocular Vision B] Binocular C] A, B 27. The Patient First Read, FIN And Then Red Then Has....[a].. Vision A] Alternating Vision B] Monocular Vision C] Binocular Vision 28. WFDT Test is Similar To the..[a]... Test A] Friend B] Duo chrome C] A, B 29. WFDT Test Has..[c]...... Dots A] Five Dot B] Three Dot C] Four Dot 30. WFDT Test Consist Of Colors..[A] A] Red, Green, White B] Green, White, Blue C] A, B 31.When They See Five Lights, Two Red Lights And Three Green Lights, It Indicates....[b].... A] PolyopiaB] Diplopia C] A, B 32.In Anisometropia Surgery is indicated in ........[c] A] Aadi Surgery B] TKP C] Unilateral Aphakia 33. Refractive Corneal Surgeries are done for.... [C]. A] Myopia B] Hypermetropia C] A, B 34. Treatment of Anisometropia......[a] A] Contact Lens B] Occlusion Glass C] A, B 139

35.Implanting intra ocular lens for unilateral aphakia is the ---[B]---treatment for anisometropia A] Optical B] surgical C] investigation 36.If the size &shape of the images of two eyes are unequal ,the optical defect is known as [B] A]AnisometropiaB]AniseikoniaC]Amblyopia 37. Anisometropia of about ____[a]____is tolerated depending upon the individual sensitivity A]2.50-4.0D B]2-4D C]3D 38. ......... occurs when oen eye is emmeteropic or moderately hypermetropic and other eye is myopic [b] A]Binocular vision B] alternate vision C]Uniocular vision 39.Occlusiontherapy is -------- [b] A]Patching the affected eye B]patching the normal eye C] alternate patching of both the eyes 40. In small degree of Anisometropia with difference as high as 2.5D, Binocular vision is ---- ------ [B] A] impossible B] possible C] nothing 41. Latent hypermetropia is detected when following mydriatic is used ----- [c] a) Adrenaline b) phenylephrine c) cyclopentolate d) atropine 42.Refractive errors in the children should be---------------------[b] A]partially corrected B]Fully corrected C]Under corrected. 43.One eye is normal and other eye is very high that patient had which vision……. A]Binocular vision B]Alternate vision C]Uniocular vision Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

44. Difference in 1D between the two eyes gives a discrepancy of % in size of the image----- ------------- [C] A]5% B]3% C]2% D]none of the above. III. TRUE OR FALSE 1. Amblyopia can often be reversed if detected & treated early-(True) 2. Stimulus deprivation amblyopia means uncorrected refractive error (False) 3. Uncorrected astigmatic refractive error results in strabismus amblyopia (False) 4. Occlusion is the one of the treatment of amblyopia eye (True) 5. Amblyopia can be treated by surgical correction (False) 6. In occlusion therapy the good eye is patched (True) 7. Stimulus deprivation amblyopia can be due to corneal opacity (True) 8.Each 1 diopter difference between the refraction of the two eyes causes 2% difference between the two retinal images [ True ] 9.If One eye myopic and other eye is Hypermetropic it is called simple anisometropia [ False ] 10.Anisometropia is one of the uniocular optical defects. (True] 11.Anisometropia is one of the refractive errors. (True) 12. Retinal aniseikonia due to any retinal odema causes separation of retinal elements [True] 13.Anisometric amblyopia occurs in an eye having a higher degree of refractive error than the other eye ( False) 14. An anisometropia of about 4D to 5.5D is tolerated depending upon the individual [False ] 15. Aniseikonia of 3% or more becomes clinically significant [ True ] 141

IV. FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. The squinting of the eye causes .......amblyopia (Strabismic amblyopia) 2. Higher degree of refractive error causes .......amblyopia (anisometropic amblyopia) 3. Bilateral uncorrected high refractive error causes............ (Ametropic amblyopia) 4.Theamblyogenic age is before ........ ( 7yearof age) 5.Other name of Atropine therapy ........ (Penalization) 6.Atropine acts by ......... (Paralyzing accommodation) 7.Occlusion is depending upon the age of the patient &......... (Type &severity of the amblyopia) 8.Full time occlusion ratio is.......... (3:1) 9.In FRIEND test, if a patient reads either FIN or RED, he has ………vision[Alternate vision] 10.Full time occlusion is 3 days occlusion to normal eye and one day/days occlusion in the ---------------[amblyopic eye] 11. For patients suffering from anisometropia, the best treatment is -------[ contact lens ] 12.For a patient suffering from …… the size and shape of images of the two eyes are unequal ( aniseikonia ) 13. A child with decreased vision in squinting eye is due to -------[ amblyopia]. 14.In occlusion therapy the ------ eye is patched [good] 15.In FRIEND test, if a patient reads either FIN or RED, he has -------- [uniocular vision] 16.Ptosis can result in ………………………… ………amblyopia ( stimulus deprivation ) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

17. Difference of refractive error between 2 eyes greater than 2D is called as ----------------- [Anisometropia] 18. -----------------------is the treatment of amblyopia ( Occlusion , Atropine theraphy ) 19.Binocular vision in which the images are of unequal size or shape is called … ...............[ aniseikonia.] 20.Opticalaniseikonia may occure due to …….. [ inherent or acquired anisometropia ] of high degree. 21. Aniseikonia aetiology can be divited into …………. [ optical, retinal, cortical ]aniseikonia 22. Clinical types of aniseikonia are ……… [ symmetrical, asymmetrical ] 23. The difference in the shape of the images is called………. [ asymmetrical aniseikonia ] 24. Symptoms of aniseikonia………. [ asthenopic, disturbuness of binocular vision] 25. Measurment of aniseikonia …….. [ spaceeikonometer, rule of thumb ] 26. It is a condition where refraction of two eyes is unequal---------------------- (Anisometropia). 27.Unilateral aphakia is best corrected by IOL implanation the treatment of……………… … [ opticalaniseikonia ] 28. [ Contact lens ]…………… are a better choice than spectacles for correcting anisoetropicaniseikonia 29.Aniseikonia of ………. [ 3% ] or more becomes clinically significant 30. -------------is reduced vision in a normal anatomical eye. (Amblyopia) 31. Aniseikonia means…………. [ unequal image size and shape ] 32. --------------,-------------is the testing of aniseikonia ( Space eikonometer, Rule of thumb ) 33. The difference is greater in one meridian compared to the other it is called…… [ meridional ] 143

34. Aniseikonia symptoms any two ……… [ headache, asthenopia, photophobia vertigo, diplopia ] 35. -------------- colour letter is their FIN( Green ) 36.In Aniseikonia is the difference in image size will be about……. [ 1.5% ] per diopter of anisometropia 37. Treating the cause will correct aniseikonia in ……………[ retinalaniseikonia ] 38. Retinal aniseikonia is due to widely seperatedarangements of the ……… [ visual elements] 39.Ametropic amblyopia example _______ ( Right Eye 5/60 with +7.0ds 6/36 nip , Left Eye 4/60 with +8.0ds 6/36 nip ) 40. Any ………… [ retinalodema ] causes seperation of retinal element 41.---------------is the mechanism of amblyopia ( Abnormal binocular interaction ,Vision deprivation ) 42. Decreasing vertex Distance decreases the magnifying effect of……… [ plus lens ] 43. The anterior focal point of a typical eye is located about………. [ 15.7mm ] infront of the cornea 44. Knapp's law is difficult or impossible to apply clinically in ………… [ aniseikonia ] types of refractive error 45. A condition where refractioon of two eyes is unequal----------------------(Anisometropia). 46.Anisometropia of more than --------------------(2.5D) is clinically significant 47. Anisometropia of more than ---------------(0.25D) is scientifically significant. 48 .Anisometropia causes----------------( Amblyopia ) 49 .In FRIEND test , FIN are written-------------- color.(Green) 50.Binocular state of vision may be assessed by either -------------- (Friend test orWorth four dot test) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

51. In the presence of Binocular single vision patient will read ---------------------(Friend)at once. 52. In the presence of uniocular vision patient will persistently read either ....( FIN or RED.) 53. In the presence of alternate vision patient will reaad-----------(FIN) at one time and -------- --------(RED) at once. 54. Patient seees three green lights and two red lights alternately, it indicates presence of ----- -------------------(alternating)vision. 55.The corrective spectacles can be tolerated upto a maximum difference of---------------- (4D). 56 .Intra ocular lens implantation is treatment of choice for----------------(uniocular Aphakia.) 57.The ocular images are unequal in size (OR)shape (or)both is called ----------------- (Aniseikonia). 58.-------------------(cortical aniseikonia) implies symmetrical. -------------------(simultaneous) perception inspite of equal size of images formed on the two retina. 59..Aniseikonia clinical types divided into ----------and ------------(symmetrical and asymmetrical) 60.----------------(symmetrical) Aniseikonia is the difference in the image size perceived each eye 61 [ .Asymmetrica ] ………..Aniseikonia is the difference in the image shape perceived in each eye 62. Clinical types of aniseikonia -------------,----------------aniseikonia( Symmatrical , Asymmatrical ) 63. Symptoms of --------------------------(Aniseikonia) can be grouped as Asthenopic symptoms, disturbances of Binocular vision, spatial disorientation or Disturbances in Depth. 64. The degree of aniseikonia can be exactly measured with the help of an instrument called-- --------------------(Space Eikinometer). 145

65. Rough estimate of degree of Aniseikonia can be made by the -----------------(rule of thumb). 66.( Amblyopia / Squint ).--------------this occurs due to inherent or acquired anisometropia of high degree 67.Aniseikonic spectacles are difficult to make and ----------------------(expensive). 68.-------------------------------(Cortical aniseikonia) is very difficult to treat. 69.-------------------(contact lens) are a better choice than spectacles for correcting Anisometropic aniseikonia. 70.Fundus is normal. But vision is not improvement it is called--------------------(Amblyopia). 73.Abnormal binocular interaction, Vision deprivations are mechanism of ….. [ amblyopia]. 74.Amblyopic characters ………….. [ Reduction of Visual acuity, Eccentric fixation, crowding phenomenon.] 75.Strabismic amblyopia is seen in unilateral………… [ constant squint.] 76. Srabismic amblyopia commonly present in…….. [ Esotropes.] 77.Anisometropic amblyopia occurs if one eye has ……… [ a higher degree of refractive error ] than the other eye. 78…………… [ Anisohypermetropic amblyopia ] occurs if power difference is more more than 2D – 3D . 79. [ Anisomyopic amblyopia] …………. Is seen if power difference more than 5 D. 80.Ammetropic amblyopia occurs in bilateral ……. [ uncorrected high refractive error.] 81.Ametropic amblyopia occurs in Hypermetropia if power is more than…….. [ +5D ] 82.Ametropic anblylopia occurs in myopia if power is more than………. [ -10D ] 83. -------------this occurs due to differential growth of the two eye balls ( Congenital anisometropia ) 84.Causes of Stimulus deprivation amblyopia ………… [ Ptosis,Corneal opacity, Cataract] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

85. Meridonial amblyopia occurs in…………. [ uncorrected astigmatic refractive error. ] 86. Meriditional amblyopia always present in……… [ Bilateral.] 87. Amblyopia patient have a better prognosis when treated……… [ before 5 years.] of age 88.Critical period of Visual development is………… [ 1 week – 4months.] 89.Visual plasticity is from……. [ birth to 7 years ] of age. 90. Extended plasticity more than……… [ 10 Years of age.] 91.Treatment of Amblyopia is ………. [ Refractive correction,Occlusion therapy, Atropine therapy.] 92.[ Direct patching] ……….. is used for total occlusion. 93.Cello tape (or) Ground glass over the normal eye is used for …… [ partialPatching.] 94. Full time occlusion ratio is…….. [ 3:1 ] 95.In [ Atropine theraphy]………. Uses topical 1% atropine dilate pupil and paralyse of accommodation 96.Anisometropia is one of the…………. [ Binocular optical defects.] 97.An etiology of anisometropia can be ………… [ Congenital, Developmental & Acquired anisometropia.] 98. Acquired anisometropia: ………… [ Uniocularaphakia, Trauma to the eye, inadvertent surgical treatment of refractive error are the causes if acquired anisometropia.] 99. Developmental anisometropia occurs due to ……….. [ differential growth of the two eye balls] 100. Visual status in anisometropia is ……………. [ Binocular vision, Alternate vision, Uniocular vision.] 101. Clinical type of anisometropia is ………… [ Simpleanisometropia, Compound anisometropia, Mixed anisometropia, Simple astigmatic anisometropia, Compound astigmatic anisometropia, Mixed astigmatic anisometropia.] 147

102. One eye myopic and other eye is hypermetropic is called ……… [ Mixedanisometropia.] 103. Other name of mixed anisometropia is ………. [ Antimetropia.] 104. The BSV is assessed by …………….. [ FRIEND Test and worth four dot test.] 105. If patient says five lights seen in worth four dot test. So patient having ….. [ Diplopia.] 106. Best treatment for anisometropia is ………….. [ Optical – Contact lens, Occlusion therapy, Anisometropic spectacle and surgical treatment. ] 107. Unequal image size and shape is called ………… [ Aniseikonia.] 108. [ Opticalaniseikonia and Retinal aniseikonia] ………… are the causes of aniseikonia. 109. [ Opticalaniseikonia ] …………… due to inherent or acquired anisometropia of high degree refractive error. 110. One eye is emmetropic or moderately hypermetropic and the other eye is myopic is called ----------------[ Alternate vision ] 111. [ Symmetrical ] ……aniseikonia is the difference between the image sizes of two eyes. 112. [Asymmetrical] …………… aniseikonia is the difference between the image shapes of two eyes. 113.[ Headache, Asthanopia, Photophobia, Nausea, Vertigo, Diplopia ] …………….. are the symptoms of aniseikonia. 114. Aniseikonia tested by ………… [ Spaceekinometer, Rule of thumb.] 115. The degree of aniseikonia is exactly measured by……….. [ Space eikonometer.] 116.Treatment of aniseikonia is ………… [ Contact lens, Aniseikonic spectacles.] 117. ---------------is the best choice for anisometropia. (Contact lens) 118. --------is a condition in which the size and shape of images of the two eyes are unequal ( Aniseikonia ) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

119.Vision status in anisometropia can be ------------,------------------,-------( Binocular , Uniocular , Alternate vision) 120.The visual status is assessed by using either --------------,-----------(Friend , Worth 4 dot) V. GIVE THE REASON 1.Ptosis causes amblyopia. 2.Anisometropia is one of the binocular optical defects .Why? 3.Differentiate between the refractive error in both eyes VI. UNSCRAMBLE - ANISOMETROPIA - ERROR 1 IAOAIERTOMSP - DIOPTER 2 REORR - REFRACTION 3 OREIDTP - MYOPIA 4 CEARFINROT - CONGENITAL 5 YMIPOC - ACQUIRED 6 NLOCEGIATN - UNIOCULAR 7 REAIQDCU - REMOVAL 8 OLNRCIUAU - BINOCULAR 9 OAELRVM - DEGREE 10 IROBLCANU - EMETROPIA 11 EREGDE - ASTIGMATISM 12 RAMIOPMETE 13 GATMASITSIM 149

14 GIAEM - IMAGE 15 ORNEIAVNIS - NEARVISION 16 REFTIREVCAREROR - REFRACTIVE ERROR 17 AIEGLRBURDEM - BLURRED IMAGE 18 RECAL - CLEAR 19 ALIMBOAYP - AMBLYOPIA 20 IEOINKAICAN - ANISEIKONIA 21 EDLAUO - DOUBLE 22 REHEIORPYMTPA - HYPERMTROPIA 23 MUCOPDON - COMPOUND 24 CEMRTIPOME - EMMETROPIC 25 LUENUAQ - UNEQUAL 26 INERFD - FRIEND 27 LIMINLUATNE - ILLUMINATION 28 IAPIDLOHOR - DUOCHROME 29 APILOYPO - POLYOPIA 30 REDDORSIS - DISORDERS 31 EIADSES - DISEASE 32 ERIANT - RETINA 33 OCINDTNOI - CONDITION 34 STROHENSIGTHSS - SHORTSIGHTNESS Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore