CONSOLIDATED QUESTION BANK New

• E chart • Landolts broken ring chart • Mutiple picture chart In Children • Cake Decoration • Teller Acuity Charts • Allen Picture Chats • Sheridan Gardiner test • Keelers Prefertial looking Test • Cardiff Charts I.ABBREVIATION 1 VA - Visual acuity 2 OD - Ocular dexter 3 OS - Ocular sinister 4 CC - Cum correction 5 PH - Pinhole 6 PR - Projection of rays 7 PL - Perception of light 8 FCF - Finger counting close to face 9 NOPL - No light perception 10 OKN - Opto Kinetic Nystagmus. 11 PLT . - Preferential Looking Test 12 TAFC - Two Alternative forced choice. 13 OPL - Operant Variation test. 14 TAC - Teller Acuity Chart 15 VER - Visually Evoked Response 16 MT - Matching Test 51

17 VO - Vanishing Optotype 18 HM - Hand Movement 19 SGT - Sheridan Gartiner Test 20 APC - Allen Picture Card 21 CC - Cardiff Card,Cross Cylinder 22 ETDRS - Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Of Study 23 PVA - Pinhole Visual Acuity 24 LBRC - Landolt’s Broken Ring Chart 25 MPC - Multible Picture Chart 26 CD - Cake Decoration 27 OKN - Opto Kinetic Nistagmus II.CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER: 1. Acuity of vision is defined as the power of the eye to see a... [A]........ Object A] Smallest B] biggest 2. Visual acuity is the medical term for...... [B]......... Of vision A] Dimness B] sharpness 3. It deals with the sharpness of discrimination of central vision rather than the extent or......... [B]…….of Vision A ] Clarity, central B] clarity, peripheral 4.Vision should be tested with and without glasses on a.... [A].... Chart A] Snellens B] Ishihara chart 5.Visual acuity Should be tested......[A.]............ independently Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

A] Each eye B] both eye 6. A normal eye can easily distinguish two points separated by an angle of..... [B]....... To the eye A] two minute B] one minute 7. Perfect acuity of vision requires two other basic factors the.......... And.........[B]. A] Contrast & color sense B] light & color sense 8. The..... [A]..... is used almost universally in testing the acuity of vision A] Snellens chart B] Keller acuity chart 9.The chart consists of Snellens.... [A]...... Specially formed letters of the alphabet arranged in rows of decreasing letter size A] Optotypes B] cryotypes 10. The Chart consists of a series of letters of diminishing size as seen in the...... [B].... A] Letters B] pictures 11. Each Letter is of such a shape that it can be enclosed in a.......... [A]..... A] Square B] perpendicular 12. The size of the square is. [B]......... Times the thickness of lines composing the letter A] Four B] five 13. The Square subtends an angle of...... [B]..... Minutes at a specified distance A] Four B] five 14. The Snellens charts should be test at a distance of......[B]. ……….. A] 4m or 16 feet B] 6m or 20 feet 53

15. The rays of light from that distance are parallel for... [B]..... Purposes A] Theoretical B] practical 16.This test could be carried out in a room with a length of.......... And a breath of minimum....[A]. Meters A] 3m, 1 1/2 m B] 6m, 2 m 17. The general illumination of the room should not be less than..... [B]..... The illumination of he chart A] Two – sixth B] one -fifth 18. The chart could be placed above the patients....... [B]..... A] Face B] head 19. The patients look at a... [B]... Hung on the opposite wall A] Chart B] mirror 20. First letter is at..... [A]........ Distance A] 60meters B] 6 meters 21.Second line is at.... [A]....... Distance a] 36m B] 24m 22.Third line is at... [B]........ Distance A] 36m B] 24m 23.Fourth line is at..... [A]...... Distance A] 18m B] 9m 24.Fifth line is at... [A]........ Distance Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

A] 12m B] 9m 25.Sixth line is at... [A]........ Distance A] 9m B] 9cm 26.Seventh line is at...... [A]..... Distance A] 6m B] 9m 27.Eighth line is at... [B]........ Distance A] 36m B] 5m 28.Visual acuity type....... [A]... A] Near visual acuity B] field of visual acuity 29.Distant Visual acuity chart in adults..... [B].... A] Landolt broken ring chart B] Snellens chart 30.Distant visual acuity checked in illiterates patient by……[A]......... A] E- chart B] log mark chart 31 In 6 month babiesvision is tested by [A] A] Cake decoration B] ETDRS 32.Trial set consists of......... [A] A] Trial frame B] E- chart 33.Visual acuity is recorded as a ……[B]…… A].value B].fraction 34. Patients who wear glasses or contact lenses may be tested with and without..[B]....Correction 55

A] Physical B] optical 35. Test and record the vision in each eye separately, beginning with the..[B]... Eye A] Left B] right 36.Along with these two tests be also contains picture test type or...... [B]... Can be successfully used in small children aged 4-6years A] new York light house B] Jorgen hand test 37.For Preschool children vision test is done by ... [B].... Test A] Cardiff card B] Allen picture card 38....... [B].... Test was previously done in children with low vision or amblyopia A] Becle Collins picture B] new york light house 39.There are only.... [A]......... Symbols in flash card A] 2 B] 3 40...... [B].... Test was previously used for handicapped people with low vision A] Cake decoration B] miniature toy test 41.Allen used... [B]..... Sets of miniature objects A] 3 B] 2 42........Ivory balls of...... Inch to one and half inch diameter sizes are rolled and Spinned to a distance of 20 feet[a] A] 5, 1/2 B] 7, 1 43. Small colored sweet balls of... [A]....... Diameter are used to decorate cakes A] 1mm B] 0.1mm Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

44.[B]...... Old children can pick up small objects and eat A] 6 month old B] 12 month old 45.The test is then repeated with only... [B]..... Sweet sugar balls after covering either eye alternatively A] 2-3 B] 1-2 46. Ability to see the sweet indicates the vision of..[B].... At the testing A] 6/36 B] 6/24 47. Principle of keelar acuity test.... [B]...... A] Matching test B] preferential looking 48. The. [A]....sits comfortably on the mothers lap A] Child B] cake 49.The child is shown a coarse grating card at..[B]...... Cm A] 48cm B] 38 cm 50.The examiner looking through a...... [B]..... Make decision as to whether the child is loo king at the grating A] light B] peephole 51. Principle Of Cardiff visual acuity test is.... [B]..... A] Preferential looking B] vanishing optotype 52.Cardiff cards have.... [B]...... Shapes A] 7 B] 6 53. The picture is positioned either at the................. Or............... Half of a card [B] 57

A] Side – side B] top – bottom 54.The cards are calibrated to given visual acuity of equivalent of 20/20 to 20/200 at..... [B].... Viewing distance A] 1meter B] 3 meter 55. The examiner watches the ------ [B] towards the shape A] Hand movement’s B] eye movements 56. Cardiff card the child is looking at the......... [B]... A] Size B] shape 57. The test is performed at 1meter distance but altered to..[B].... If the child is unable to see he fist card A] 1 1/2 meter B] 1/2 meter 58. Principle of matching test...... [B]. A] Vanishing opt type B] Sheridan Gardiner test 59. This test uses letters which children can recognize and copy at a ………[B].............. A] Later age B] early age 60. The Letters are used and are shown to the child one at a time on ……...[B]................ A] Twist test B] flip card 61 ........ [B]...... Is the most accurate of the illiterate vision test in children? A] Torch examination B] Sheridan Gardiner test 62. For practical considerations the normal reading distance is.....A].. A] 33 cm B] 40 cm Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

63. The first near vision test of this kind was suggested by....[B]..... A] Fonda in 1953 B] jaeger in 1867 64. The.... [B].. Card has print samples of different sizes A] Snellen’s B] jaeger 65. The jaeger card is held at... [B].... cms A] 33 cm B] 32 cm 66. The pinhole disc is a small.... [B]....... Disc A] Square B] circular 67. Pinhole with a small central opening that reduces the peripheral rays and allows the central rays to reach the......... [B]. A] Macula B] retina 68. This opaque disc has..... [B]... Hole in the middle A] 2mm B] 1.32mm 69. .......[A]..... Hole actually reduces visual acuity due to diffraction A] A 0.55 mm B] a 0.65mm 70........[B]........ Pinhole is the best A] 1mm B] 1.32mm 71. The pinhole permits the most... [B]..... Rays to enter and provide a good A] Peripheral B] central 72.In VA measurement, if a patient is able to say from which direction the light comes in, it is recorded as [B] 59

A]. Inaccurate PR B]. Accurate PR 73.......[A]..... Serves to differentiate visual loss caused by refractive errors or from poor vision resulting from diseases of the eye A] Pinhole B] near vision 74. In any ....[A].vision will not improve when pin hole is placed infront of the eye. A] disease of eye B] refractive error 75. The color of any object is determined by the wave length........ Or.....From the surface [A] A] Reflected or emitted B] refracted or reflected 76....... [B]..... Light is a mixture of wave length of the visible spectrum A] Red B] White 77.Sensitive to light of short wave length .................. [B] A] Red B] Blue 78.Sensitive To light of middle wave length [ A]......... A] Green B] Blue 79..sensitive to light of long wave length .... [B]...... A] Green B] Red 80. Congenital color vision defect occurs if a... [A].... Is absent A] Cone pigment B] Rods pigment 81. The X chromosome carries the.[B].... Pigment gene Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

A] Green B] Blue 82......... Of men........ Women have a defect of the red / green system [A] A] 8% & 0.5 % B] 5% & 0.8 % 83. Acquired Optic nerve diseases tend to cause... [B].... Defects A] Blue – Green B] Red – Green 84. Acquired retinal diseases tend to cause... [A]..... Defects A] Blue – Yellow B]Blue-Red 85....[A]...... Test used for color vision A] Ishihara B] Snellens chart 86. Patients with... [A].... Defects cannot distinguish the numbers and the figures A] Pinhole vision B] Color vision 87. Evaluation of color vision is done with..... [B]... Color plates A] Isochromatic test B] pseudo isochromatic test 88. If the patient is unable to read last two lines, the visual acuity is [B] A].6/9 B]. 6/12 89. The visual acuity of a patient is 6/36. He will be able to read the first [A]…… Lines in Snelln’s chart A]. 2 B]. 3 90.-------- chart is used for illiterate patient.[B] A]. Cardiff B].E-chart 91. Cardiff card is used at ____ [c] 61

A]3cm B] 33cm C]50cm 92.If patient‘s visual a cuity is recorded as 6/24, he can read [b] A]. first two lines B]. first three line C]. first line only 93. Visual acuity is a measure of -----[C] ------ sense A].light B]. Colour C].A,B 94. In Cardiff visual acuity test, the cards are held at a distance of [A] A].1m B].66cm C].25cm III.FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. Visual acuity is recorded as a............. [Fraction method]. 2. The normal visual acuity is............ [6/6/]. 3. Flash card test p gives very approximate estimate of visual acuity for........... [Near]. 4. ..................Is a small circular disc with a small central open [pinhole]. 5. ----------is suitable for literates above 6years [Snellen chart] 6. Visual acuity 6/24 means, the object seen by the patient at6m. Can be seen by a normal person at a distance of------ [24m] 7.………… Test is based on preferential looking [Keeler acuity] 8. Snellen chart is accurate for literate patients above …………….. Years [6years] 9.Snellen chart each letter is such a shape that it can be enclosed in a …… [square] 10.New york light house flash card test in children with….(amblyopia and low vision) patient 11. If a patient is unable to read the first line in Snellens chart and reads only two letters in the next line his visual acuity is recorded as ……… [6/9-2] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

12. D-15 test is used to identify ……… Deficits [colour vision] 1. …plates are used to assess colour vision [Ishihara ] 14. Other name of Keeler acuity test is ….. [preferential looking test] 15. --------is accurate for literate patients above six years [Snellens chart] 16. Visual acuity 6/24 means, the object seen by the patient at … [6m] ……. can be seen by a normal person at a distance of ……[24m] 17. If unable to read last four lines then visual acuity is---- [6/24] 18. ---test can be successfully used for the age group 3 to 4 years [Allen picture chart] 19. -----test gives very approximate estimate of visual acuity for near [Flash card] 20. Small coloured sweet balls of-----diameter are used to decorate cakes [1mm ] 21. ------ is used to check the visual acuity of children [ Cake decoration] 22. ------ children can pick up small objects [12month] 23. -------test is based on the principle that a child prefers to look at pattern and plane surface [Keeler acuity] 24. The child is shown a coarse grating card at ---- distance [38cm] 25. The cards are calibrated to give visual acuity of equivalent of-----to -----at I meter viewing distance [20/20 to 20/200] 26. The examiner watches the eye movements towards the----- [Shape] 27. The letters VTOHXAU are used in------test [Sheridan Gardiner test] 28. Sheridan Gardiner test is most accurate of the------- [Illiterate] vision test in children 63

29.First test the visual acuity in ……………eye (defective ) 30. First ..... was suggested by jaeger in 1867 [Near visual acuity test] 31. ---- permits the most central rays to enter and provide a good image [Pinhole] 32. The colour of any object is determined by the -------emitted or reflected from the surface [Wave length] 33. A--------defect occurs if a cone pigment is absent or if there is a shift in its spectral sensitivity [Congenital colour defect] 34. The -------carries the blue pigment gene [X-chromosome] 35. Acquired retinal disease tends to cause ------defect [Blue yellow] 36. Optic nerve or retinal disease cause defects in------- [Colour vision] 37. Evaluation of colour vision is often performed with------ [pseudo isochromatic colour plates] 38. The 15-hue test, or Farnsworth munsal 100 hue tests provides a more precise determination of ------- [colour vision defect] 39. Standard visual acuity is tested for----- [Snellens chart] 40. Acuity vision is defined as---- [power of the eye] 41. cardiff card used in which age group of children----[2-3years] 42. Ratio of speed of light in air to the speed of light in the medium is called----- [refractive index.] 43. Visual acuity is the medical term of ………[Sharpness of vision.] 44. The acuity of vision is tested by ……[snellen’s Chart.] 45. Snellens chart invented by ……….[Herman Snellen’s ]in the year of…………..[ 1862]. Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

46. The formula for measuring v/a is arc(x)/letter sizex100 = 1\\12 x 57.3 47. Distance visual acuity seen in ……….[6M or 20 Feet.] 48. Near visual acuity checked at………..[33cm.] 49. Snellens chart general illumination ………..[19 foot candles.] 50. Snellens letter constructed that angle of ……….[1°] is formed. 51. Vision test conventionally seen in ……………….[Right Eye.] 52. Types of visual acuity …………….[Distance, Near, Pinhole Vision]. 53 .In lliterate patient we use …[ E charts multiple picture] charts. 54. The size of the square is……….[ Five times] thickness of this compassing the letter. 55. The square sub stands an angle of………….[ Five minutes] of the specified distance 56. Anomalous …. means Partial Blindness. 57. The cubical width size of minimum …………… [1 1/2M.] 58. The Snellen’s chart is used almost……[ universally testing] the acuity of vision. 59. The letters are so constructed that the angle of……[ One minute] formation. 60. The chart could be placed above the patients…………….[ head.] 61. Anopia …… means Total blindness. 62. Cover the patients eye with an………..[ occluder] or the…….[ palm] of the hand. 63. If the patient could not recognize light it is recorded as ………..[NOPL.] 64 Record the acuity value for each eye separately… [ with] and … …[without] correction. 65. Pinhole test is required if the Pt visual acuity is …… [less than 6/6.] 65

66. Pinhole test used to examined (or) differentiate poor vision caused by………… [ refrative error] or due to …………[any eye disease.] 67. Normal visual acuity is……….[ 6/6]. 68. Visual acuity is record as a ……….[fraction.] 69. The patient is unable to read 2 letter of the last line if should be indicates as………[ 6/6-2]. 70. If the patient is unable to read last three line the V/A………….[6/18]. 71. Snellens chart is useful and most accurate in...[ illiterate ]people above the age of ………..[6yrs.] 72. The …………[land off] broken ring test is used in .....[illiterate] people. 73. Other name for Snellens chart is ………[Albini.] 74. Cardiff visual acuity tests is called as ………[vanishing optotypic.] 75. Keelar acuity test is also known as ………..[ Preferential looking test.] 76. The child is shown a coase grafting card at………..[ 38cm.] 77. The card all calibrated to give vision of equivalent of …………..[20/200-20/20] at 1meter viewing distance. 78. Abilities to see the sweet in cake decoration indicates the vision of………..[ 6/24] at the testing distance. 79. Sall coloured sweet ball of ………[1mm diameters] are used to decorate cake. 80.…………[Fooks symbols] test was familiar geometrical design as test targets. 81. The flash test is done at a fixed distance of……….[ 3.6Meter.] 82. Keelar card used in………….[ 38cm] distance. Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

83. Cardiff card used in……….[ 50cm or 1M] distance. 84. Minimum visible, Resolution, Recognation, Hyper visual acuity are ....... of visual acuity. 85. Hyper acuity other name is ……[Vernier acuity.] 86. Factor affected in V/A is classified as ……….[ stimulus related ]and…………[ observer related.] 87. Tritanopia means Blue colour deficiency. 88. Each square subtends an angle of ....[5] minutes at a specified distance 89. 6/18 converts into feet…………..[20/60 fee]t.Arc (x) formula………..[letter size x 100/12x5snellen] 90. Near vision chart other name ………….[jaeger chart] 91. Protanopia means Red colour deficiency. 92. Detection acuity test is the ability to detect ……….[smallest stimulus] without recognizig correctly. 93.Deuteranopia means Green Colour deficiency. 94. Measurement of V/A in above 5yrs and children and adults………….[Snellens] test and….[LAN dolts] test. 95. Measurement of V/A in below 2yrs children Illiterate………..[ E- cut out ]test and ……….[Tumbling E chart, Isolated hand figure test, S.G.Chart.] 96. Vision test in 2 to 3yrs ….[dot visual acuity] and win test…………[miniature toy] test. 97. Vision test in 6 – 12 months……….[marble game] test and……[ Sheridan’s ball test.] 98. Measurement of visual acuity for near is done by …… [Jaggers chart, Roman test, Snellens chrt] 99. Jaggers chart test near V/A invented in the year ……….[ 1867] 67

100. The distance central V/A in adults tested by…………[Snellens test types.] 101. …………….[Snellen’s chart] is used almost universally in testing the acuity of vision 102. The rays of light from that distance are…………(parallel) for practical purpose 103. The general illumination of the room should not be less than…………[onefifth] the illumination of the chart 104. There are……………[7 lines]in there snellen’s chart 105. E chart, picture chart, landolt’s chart, broken ring chart is used in…………..[illiterates] people 106. Landolt’s broken rigns chart other name …….[“c” chart] 107. Cake decaration, Teller acuity, Allen picture, SG chart, Cardiff used in……..[children] 108. SG chart definition ………..[Sheridian Gardinel chart] 109. HM abbreviation ……….[Hand movement] 110…………[PL]means perception of light 111. Fixatioin and following of the light is useful for ………[3 – 6 months] child 112. Forced choic perfrention is used for……….[6 – 12]month child 113. [Landolot broken test]…………. useful in age above 4 to 6 years 114. [Allen picture chart]………. is in 3 to 4 years at 3 meter 115. [New york light house flash test]……………. was previously used in low vision or amblyopic a children 116 .New york light house test is done at……………….[ 3.6 meter] 11. Small colored sweet balls………………[ 1mm] diameter are used to decorate cakes Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

118. cake decoration is useful for …………………[12 – 24 month] child 119. Cake decoration indicate the vn……….[ 6/24] 120. Keeler acuity card at………………[ 38cm] 121.Keeler acuity test other name………………..[preferential looking test] 122…[Sheridian gardiner test]6 meter or 3meter most accurate of the illiterate vn test in children 123.Visual acuity is the……[ medical term] for sharpness of vision 124.……[Vision ]should be tested with and without glasses on a standard chart 125……[Snellens’s char and ETDRS] char is distant visual acuity charts in adults 126. Cardiff card, Keelar acuity chartis used for ….[3 to 3 years ]child 127. Pictures chart, SG chart, Matching chart is used for……[3 – 5 years] child 128. The snellens’s chart is used to above……….[ 5 year] child 129.……[Cardiff visual acuity] test other name vanishing optotype this distance at 1 meter 130 .Sheridian gardiner test other name ………….[matching test] 131.[The colour vision test]….other name is pseudo isochromatic test 132. Deuternopia is ………..[green] colour deficiency 133.protonopia is ………..[red ]colour deficiency 134.Chromosome blue pigment gene ……[8%] of men 135.……..[0.5%] women have a defect red & green system 136. Deuternomaly which occur of men …[5%] and……[ 0.3%] of women 137. Optic nerve (or) retinal disease may also causes defects in…………..[colour vision] 69

138. Visual acuity is recorded as a …………..[fraction] 139. [Albini and landlot's broken ring chart]……is use ful in age group above 4 to 6 year and illiterate people 140. [Mininature toy]……….test was previously used with handicapped children and low intelligence patients 141.perfect acuity of vision required two other basic factors ………..[light & colour sense] 142.[Crowing card, single card] is the types cambridge card 143.The… [nodal poin]t means the optic center of the eye ball 144.The size of the cone is……….[0.004mm] 145.The vision drum illimination is………..[120 wats] 146.BSV 3 grades………..[fusion, stereopsis, simultaneous perception] 147.OS means……….[ocular sinister] 148.OD means……….[ocular Dexter] 149.FM …………..[Farnsworth Munsell] (100hue test) 150.Snellens’s chart other name is…..[ reversible chart] 151. The standard of visual acuity is based on ………[visual angle 1’] 152.Principle of visual acuity is…………. [ 1 big square is divided into five small squares. ] 153.……………[Visual acuity ]is tested in 6m or 20 feet. 154. ……… is measured in fraction.[visual acuity] 155. Patient sitting height is …………………..[equal] to vision chart. 156. If patinet reads the first line of Snellen chart, his vision is…………[ 6/60.] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

157……[ Nodal point ]is situated in 7.1mm behind the cornea which is posterior to the lens. 158. In the Snellens chart, the size of the letter is ……times the thickness of lines composing the letter (five) IV.TRUE OR FALSE 1.Vision Should Be Tested With and Without Glasses on a Standard Chart (True) 2. Visual Acuity Is the Physical Term For Sharpness of Vision 5feet (False) 3. Each Eye Should Be Tested Indepently (True) 4. The Acuity of Vision Is Tested By Standard Vision Chart Known as Etdrs Chart (False) 5. Perfect Acuity of Vision Requires Two Other Basic Factors the Light Sense and Contract Sense (False) 6. The Snellens Chart Is Used Almost Universally In Testing the Acuity of Vision (T 7. The Size of the Square Is Five Times the Thickness of Lines Composing the (True) 8. The Snellens Chart Should Be At a Distance of Three Meters or Twenty Feet (False) 9. The Rays of Light from That Distance Are Parallel For Practical Purposes (True) 10. The Chart Could Be Placed Above the Patients Eyes (False) 11.Fifth Line Is At 6meters Distance (False) 12. Snellen Chart Is Used For Distance Visual Acuity Chart in Adults (True) 13. In Illiterates Patient Used For ETDRS Chart (False) 14. The Size of the Letter in Each Row Should Be Clearly Legible At a Graded Distance to a Person with Normal Vision (True) 71

15. Patients Who Wear Glasses or Contact Lenses May Be Tested With and Without Optical Correction (True) 16. The Normal Vision Is 6/12 (False) 17. If They Can Read Only the First Two Lines the Visual Acuity Is 6/36 (True) 18.Snellens Chart Is Useful and Most Accurate In Literate People above the Age of 6years (True) 19.Test of Albini and Landolt Broken Ring Test Is Most Useful In Age Group above 4-6 Years and In All Illiterate People (True) 20.The Pre School Vision Test or the Allen Picture Card Test Consist Seven White and Blue Cards (False) 21 .New york Light House Flash Card Test Was Previously Used with Children with Low Vision or Amblyopia (True) 22. Miniature Toy Test Was Previously Used With Handicapped Children and Low Intelligence Patients (True) 23. Ivory Ball Test -5 Ivory Balls of 1/2 Inch to One And Half Inch Meter Size Are Rolled and Spinned To a Distance of 20 Feet (True) 24. Small collard Sweet Balls of 2mm Diameter Are Used to Decorate Cakes (False) 25. Twelve Months Old Children Can Pick Up Small Objects and Eat (True) 26. Preferential Looking Test Is Based On the Principle That A Child Prefers to Look At Pattern and Not Plane Surface (True) 27. The Child Is Shown a Course Grating Card at 38cm (True) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

28. The Cardiff Vision Card Have Six Shapes Which Are Recognizable Positioned Either at the Top or Bottom Half of a Card (True) 29. The Child Is Comfortably Seated the Cards Are Presented At Eye Level at A Distance of 1 Meter (True) 30. Matching Test Uses Letters Which Children Can Recognize and Copy at an Early Age (True) 31. Sheridan Car diner Test Is the Most Accurate of the Illiterate Vision Test in Children (True) 32. Near Vision Is The Power Of The Eye To Clearly See And Distinguish Smallest Object Or Letters From A Normal Reading Distance ( True ) 33. Normal Reading Distance Is Considered To Be 40cms (True) 34. The Test of This Kind Was Suggested By Jaeger in 1867 (True) 35. The Pinhole Disc Is a Small Central Opening That Reduces the Peripheral Rays and Allows the Central Ray to Reach the Retina (True) 36. An 0.666mm Hole Actually Reduces Visual Acuity Due To Diffraction (False) 37.1.32mm Pinhole Is the ideal pin hole size(True) 38.The Standard Trial Pinhole Is 1mm in Size (True) 39.In the Latter Condition Vision Will Not Improve When a Pinhole Disk Is Placed Before the Eye (True) 40. Acquired Optic Nerve Diseases Tends To Cause Red and Green Defects (True) 41.Where the patient complaint is particularly of defective left eye vision in which case the right eye assessed first(False) 73

42. Allen picture card is used for adult patient (False) 43.EDTRS chart is used for 2years children (False) 44.Pinhole test is conducted if the patient visual acuity is less than 6/6 (True) 45.The near vision should be checked with & without glass (True). 46.Record the near acuity value for each eye separately (True). 47.Triton color defects are more common (False). 48.When the patient complaint is particularly of defective left eye vision in which case the right eye assessed first(False) 49.Allen picture card is used for adult patient (False) 50.EDTRS chart used for 2years children (False) 51.Pinhole test is conducted if the patient visual acuity is less than 6/6 (True) 52.The near vision should be checked with & without glass (True). 53.Record the near acuity value for each eye separately (True). 54.Triton color defects are more common (False). 55.Keeler acuity test is based on the principle of preferential looking test (True] 56.Protonopia means shift in the sensitivity of green. ( False) 57.Sheridan Gardiner chart is used to test visual acuity in adults. (False) 58.The snellen chart should be at a distance of eighteen feet -False 59.Normal reading distance is 40cm - True 60.Correct PG centering is to the avoid prismatic glass -True 61.Small colored sweet balls 0.5mm diameter are used to decorate cakes- False Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

V.MATCH THE FOLLOWING - Illiterates - Sharpness of vision 1 Broken ring chart - 6m or 3m 2 Visual acuity - Each eye separately 3 Snellens chart - Adult 4 Vision examination - Month baby 5 Snellens chart - Refraction 6 Cake decoration - Trial set 7 Trial lens - Low vision 8 Trial frame - 1mm 9 New york light house flash card - 38cm 10 Cake decoration - Vanishing optotype 11 Keeler acuity test - Sheridan Gardiner test 12 Cardiff visual acuity - Matching card 13 Matching test - 40cm 14 Illiterate children - Central rays 15 Near vision - 1mm 16 Pinhole - Ishihara chart 17 Standard pinhole - Blue pigment 18 Colour vision 19 X-chromosome VI.UNSCRAMBLE WORDS 1 ESZI - SIZE 2 RSEACFU - SURFACE 3 ARLSETFO - FLOATERS 4 TORRNEAI - ANTERIOR 5 AINERDG - READING 75

6 EEERTNFT - DEFFERENT 7 RNELHIDC - CHILDREN 8 OOSSNICMP - COMPASSION 9 ECAILS - SPECIAL 10 SSSSAENI - ASSESSING 11 RRNNIGGAA - ARRANGING 12 ERUMBN - NUMBER 13 TTAPENI - PATIENT 14 OELYLW - YELLOW 15 MIHEEESHPR - HEMISPHERE 16 IIAASBLDGN - DISABILING 17 EERGN - GREEN 18 DRE - RED 19 EERTUDIONA - DEUTERNOPIA 20 IIRENATTOP - TRITENOPIA 21 OOORPTNMLAG - PROTONOPIA 22 NETHLG - TRIANOMALY 23 OOOSEMHCRM - CHROMOSOME 24 NETHLG - LENGTH 25 UTREIXM - MIXTURE 26 ECJOBT - OBJECT 27 IIONTOSP - POSITION Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

28 EEERPSPC - PRESENCE 29 LLPPIURAY - PUPILLARY 30 TAIDNECS - DISTANCE 31 EEAARGV - AVERAGE 32 MSALEPS - SAMPLES 33 ESNL - LENS 34 ROPO - POOR 35 RECNLAT - CENTRAL 36 NHIPOEL - PINHOLE 37 AGIDENR - GARDINER 38 IILLRETTAE - ILLITERATE 39 TTMIPORNA - IMPORTANT 40 RUSTUCTER - STRUCTURE 41 COSEKR - SOCKER 42 OONURTC - CONTOUR 43 RAMINGS - MARGINS 44 APLPERABL - PALPEBRAL 45 EYEABSESL - EYE LASHES 46 AANSL - NASAL 47 ONCUNJITCAR - CONJUNCTIVA 48 EEDNDRSS - REDNESS 49 LLILESCOF - FOLLICLES 77

50 SIDACHGEA - DISCHARGE 51 OOMTBT - BOTTOM 52 ACLIRENTAED - CALIBERATED 53 OLOIKGN - LOOKING 54 NAHIDACP - HANDICAP 55 OOMILTUABE - AUTOMOBILE 56 EIVNKS - KNIVES 57 ONOSPS - SPOONS 58 EEEDVLDOP - DEVELOPED 59 OOORCINDTAIN - COORDINATION 60 IONCS - COINS 61 OIBKC - BLOCK 62 ORVIY - IVORY 63 AAPPRXIOTEM - APPROXIMATE 64 ISETAMTE - ESTIMATE 65 ALBL - BALL 66 NNIPSED - SPINNED 67 IIINNGFCAT - SIGNIFICANT 68 SOSRGLY - GROSSLY 69 EESWTLLABS - SWEET BALLS 70 IIECONDS - DECISION 71 OEPPEL - PEOPLE Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

72 IRNG - RING 73 RCODIENTI - DIRECTION 74 ITECPUR - PICTURE 75 JGNESOR - SJOGREN 76 SFLLSUUYCECSC - SUCCESSFULLY 77 MYLSOSL - SYMBOLS 78 NEMNRA - MANNER 79 NEELLN - SNELLEN 80 RDWGIAN - DRAWING 81 EEPHTONE - TELESCOPE 82 RMOSHE - HORSEMAN 83 TEYDDERA - TEDDYBEAR 84 BYAAOIMLP - AMBLYOPIA 85 ETIGEOLCRM - GEOMETRICAL 86 AGTRET - TARGET 87 WRADN - DRAWN 88 OODENW - WOODEN 89 PINEDRT - PRINTED 90 PIEEPGN - PEEPING 91 ECKA ECDOITNROA - CAKE 92 UMBINGTL - DECORATION 93 MDRU - TUMBLING DRUM 79

94 ANUCRATEIC - INACCURATE 95 IIRETONDC - DIRECTION 96 TAREAUCC - ACCURATE 97 NAERIEMX - EXAMINER 98 CAFOINTR - FRACTION 99 NBLEUA - UNABLE 100 ILRTEATE - LITERATE VII.JUMPING WORD - VISUAL ACUITY - PRINCIPLES 1 V-S-A-L AC-ITY - SQUARE 2 P-IN-IPLES - ILLUMINATION 3 S-U-RE - ADULTS 4 I- -U-I-A-ION - CHILDREN 5 —U-TS - TRAIL FRAME 6 _H-L-REN - RETINOSCOPY 7 T-AI- F-A-E - MIRROR 8 _A-I-OS- -PY - DISTANCE 9 .-I—OR - RECORDED 10 D-I-T-N-E - FRACTION 11 R-C-R-ED - PICTURE 12 F-A-T-ON - FLASH CARD 13 P-C-U-E - UMBRELLA 14 F-A-H C-RD - INTELLIGENCE 15 .-MB-E- -A 16 .-NTE- -IGEN-E Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

17 D-A-E-ER - DIAMETER 18 D-C-RA-ION - DECORATION 19 P-E-E- -NTIAL - PREFERENTIAL 20 P- -PH-LE - PEEPHOLE 21 V-N-S-ING - VANISHING 22 M-T-H-NG T- -T - MATCHING TEST 23 E-AI-A- -ON - EXAMINATION 24 P-P-LS - PUPILS 25 I-S-RUCT - INSTRUCT 26 P-N-O-E - PINHOLE 27 C-L-UR V-S-ON - COLOUR VISION 28 SU- -ARY - SUMMARY 29 E-A-U-TION - EVALUATION 30 P-O-O-OPIA - PROTONOPIA 31 S-N-ITI-TY - SENSITIVITY 32 C-R-M-S-ME - CHROMOSOME 33 O-T-C N-R-E - ISOCHROMATIC 34 P-A-ES - PLATES 35 I-J-RY - INJURY 36 I-F-C-ION - INFECTION 37 R-D-ESS - REDNESS 38 C-R-F-LLY - CAREFULLY 39 I- -I- -R-T- - ILLITERATE 40 .- -IPC- -D - FLIPCARD 41 A- -ES- -ENT - ASSESSMENT 42 - -A –T - CHART 43 -R-C-D-R - PROCETUR 81

44 L- -D-L-T - LANDOLT 45 C- -D-F- - CARDIFF 46 T- -B- -NG - TIMBLING 47 D-C-M- - T - DOCUMENT 48 .-L- -N - ALLEN VIII.THE ACTION OF AN INSTRUMENT / TEST IS GIVEN. IDENTIFY THE INSTRUMENT / TEST 1.Checking the preferential looking capability of children – Keeler acuity test 2.The cards are presented to the child at a distance of 1m. When the child identifies the shape, next card is shown - Cardiff VA test 3.Name the chart used for measuring vision in illiterate patient.- Tumbling E chart 4.A patient is not able to read last four lines in the Snellen chart. What is his visual acuity – 6/24 5.A patient is not able to see the torch light ,how to document the visual acuity? - NOPL 6.It is the ability of a person to distinguish an object or letters who rays are parallel and where no accommodation is required - distance visual acuity. 7.This is consists of seven black and white line drawing of birth day cake,telephone ,horseman,teddy bear,automobile, house and tree - Allen picture chart. Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

8.The child ability to see the sweet indicates the vision of 6/24 at the testing distance -cake decoration. 9.What are the colours sensitive to cones in the retina? ( blue, green, red ). 10.Expand ETDRS - Early treatment for diabetic retinopathy study. IX. GIVE THE REASON 1. E chart is suitable for illiterate patients Patients have to identify only the direction 2.Why vision test is measured 6 meter distance? At 6 meter the rays of light are parallel and appear to be coming from infinity. 3.What is visual acuity ? Visual acuity is the medical term for sharpness of vision 4.what is the principle of snellens chart? In Snellens chart the size of the square enclosing a letter is five times the size of the lines. 5.Why testing v/a in 6m? Because parallel light rays come from 6m. 6.Visual acuity right eye is tested first .Why? The right eye is tested conventionally first 7.E chart is suitable for illiterate patients? Patients have to identify only the direction 83

8.what is the purpose visual acuity? Sharpness of vision 9.How will you check vision for 3 to 6 months baby? Fixation and folowing of light. 10. How will you measure v/a in 6 to 18 months? Forced preferential looking 11 .Which chart is commonly used in testing visual acuity? Snellen chart is used almost universally in testing the acuity of vision. 12.Who invented snellens chart? Snellen’s chart is invented Hermen’s snellens. 13. Snellen chart is kept at which distance? & Why? The snellen’s chart should be at a distance of six meter or twenty feet. The rays of light from that distance are parallel for practical purpose. 14.How many lines are there in snellen’s chart? 7 lines in there snellen’s chart 15. What are the types of visual acuity? Types of visual acuity distance visual acuity, near visual acuity, pinhole visual acuity. 16. What is the other name of ‘c’ chart? Landorlt’s broken rings chart is other name of the c chart. 17. What is the visual acuity cards used in children? Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

Cake decaratioin, Teller acuity, Allen picture, SG chart, Cardiff used in children 18.What is SG chart? SG chart definitioin sheridian Gardianel chart. 19. What is abbreviation of PL, HM, PR? PL- perception of light HM – Hand movement PR – Projection of light 20.What is normal visual acuity? Normal visual acuity 6/6 21. What are the various chart used at various ages to assess vision? Landolt broken test useful in age above 4 to 6 years. Allen picture chart is in 3 to 4 years. 22.What are uses of SG test? Sheridian gardiner test 6 meter or 3meter accurate of the illiterate vision test in children. 23. What is the pathology in congenital colour vision defect? Congenital colour vision defect occurs if cone pigment is absent. 24. Which lens is used in colour vision patient? X chromosome is used in colour vision patient. 25. What is the specific test for congenital red green defect? Ishihara pseudo isochromatic test plates specific test for congenital red green defects. 85

26.Define abbreviation OD? OD abbreviation Ocular Dextra. 27.What is abbreviation OS? OS abbreviation Ocular senistra. 28.Define abbreviation FCF, NOP? FCF – Fingure counting close to the face NOPL- No light perception 29.IPD – abbreviation? IPD – Inter pupillary distance 30 .Who invented near visual acuity? Near visual acuity chart invented by Jaeger in 1867. 31.What is normal reading distance? Normal reading distance 33cm. 32. What are the charts used for illiterate people? E chart, picture chart, Landolt’s chart, broken ring charts is used in illiterate’s people 33.What distance keeler acuity card is kept? Keeler acuity card at 38cm. 34. What is the other name of keeler acuity test? Keeler acuity tests other name preferential looking test. X.ENGLISH TO TAMIL Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

1 VISION - பார்ளவ 2 DISTINGUISH - அளையாளம் காணு 3 SPECIFIC - சிறப்பு 4 WITHOUT GLASSES - கிளாஸ்கள் இல்லாைல் 5 ILLUMINATION - ஒளியூட்டுேல் 6 CHART - விளக்கப்பைம் 7 INDEPENDENT - சுேந்ேிரம் 8 ANGLE - தகாணம் 9 FACTORS - காரணிகள் 10 REQUIRE - தேளவ 11 LIGHT SENSE - ளலட்சசன்ஸ் 12 COLOUR SENSE - வண்ண உணர்வு 13 TEST - தசாேளை 14 PRINCIPLE 15 SERIES - நியைம் 16 SQUARE 17 ABILITY - சோைர் 18 PROCETURE 19 BINOCULAR - சதுரம் 20 CAKE DECORATION - ேிறன் - சசயல்முளற - சோளலதநாக்கி - தகக் அலங்காரம் 87

21 POSITION - நிளல XI.2 MARKS 1.Define visual acuity? 2.What is the principle of Snellens chart? 3.How many types of visual acuity? 4.Write about different vision chart used at distance? 5.Define-cake decoration? 6.Define preferential looking test? 7.Write about Cardiff card ? 8.Write about the Sheridan Gardiner test? 9.Write about the pinhole visual acuity? 10.Write about the torch light examination? 11.List the steps to measure distant visual acuity for adults? 12 How to measure the visual acuity? 13.Difference between allen card and snellen’s chart? 14.Define FCF? 15.Define PL? Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

16.What are the charts used forNV? 17.What is the other name of keeler acutiy test? 18.What is SG chart? 19.What is the normal visual acuity? 20.What are the Type of colour vision ? [pg 21] 21.What are the type of visual acuity affecting factor? [ pg 41] 22.Difference between the stimulus and observer related factors? [ pg 42] 23 .Difference betwwen the snellen’s and landolt’s test type?[ pg 43] 24.Difference between the physical and physiological factors?[ [g 41] 25.Define the landolt drum test ?[ pg 48] 26.How many type of validating the test ? [ pg 58] 27.Define the dot visual acuity? [ pg 46] 28 .Define light home picture cards? [ pg 46] 29.Define the broken wheel test? [ pg 45] 30.Define the tumbling E- chart ? [pg 45] 31.Dtfference between the sheridian gardiner HOTV test and ball test? [pg 45,46] 32.What are the type of contrast sensitivity? [pg 50] XII.5 MARKS 1.Explain about the type of visual acuity? 2.Explain about the step –by-step –procedure vision assessment? 89

3.Explain about the interpretation of visual acuity? 4.How assess the visual acuity in children? 5.Explain the colour vision? 6.Describe vision assessment in children of different age groups? 7.How to measure the contrast sensitivity?[ pg 50] 8.Define the colour vision? [pg 20] 9.List of the types of distance acuity chart? [pg 20] 10.Visual acuity equilants in different notations? [pg 45] 11.Define the OKN test ? [pg 47] 12.Define the contrast sensitivity? [pg 50] XIII.DRAW THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAMS 1.Sheridan Gardiner chart 2.Cardiff acuity card 3.Keeler acuity card 4.Draw the optical potential acuity meter GIVE THE DOCUMENTATION FOR THE FOLLOWING OBSERVATIONS 1. A patient reads seven lines using right eye and is able to see the light only ,using left eye. A patient reads 4 lines using the right eye and 2 lines using the left eye The same patient reads 6 lines using the right eye and 4 lines using the left eye, with a glass Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

A patient reads top letter only using the right eye and counts fingers at 2m with left eye , with and without glasses A patient counts the finger at 1m using the right eye but able to detect hand movement only close to face RE: 6/6 LE: PL+ RE: 6/18 LE: 6/36 RE I glass : 6/9 LE : LE I glass : 6/18 RE I glass : 6/60 LE with and without glass : 2/60 RE : 1/60 & FCF The following table gives the VA values for different patients. Interpret the values given Visual acuity Meaning 6/6-2 Unable to read 2 letters of the last line 6/24 Unable to read the last four lines 6/60 Unable to read even the first line CF3 Counting fingers at 3m No PL No perception of light 91

WorkSheet 1. How do you the near vision? 2. Why are we using 1.32 mm pinhole? 3. How to check visual acuity in children? 4. Why 6/6 is considered the normal visual acuity? 5. What is the use of X chromosome lens? 6. Which test gives the accurate vision in children? 7. What is the other name of landolt’s broken ring chart? 8. Forced choice preferential looking test is used in which patients? 9. E Chart is suitable for uneducated patient. Why? 10. Write about the protonopia: 11. Why are we taking 40 cm as reading distance? 12. What is the principle of keeler acuity test? 13. Acquired optic nerve disease causes which colour defect? 14. Why are we testing visual acuity with and without glasses? 15. Other name of the Snellen’s chart? 16. Patient’s sitting height shout be equal to the Snellen’s chart. Why? 17. Write about the two basic factors needed for perfect visual acuity of vision? 18. What is the meaning of 19 food candles in refraction cubicle? 19. Which instrument allows only the central rays to pass through it? 20. Isihara pseudo is chromatic test is used in which patients? Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

CHAPTER - 4 REFRACTIVE ERROR CHAPTER - 4 REFRACTIVE ERROR 93

Myopia Aetiology Optical condition Clinical types of myopia Symptoms Tests Complications Managements Hypermetropia Optical condition Types of hypermetropia Clinical types Effect of accommodation On hypermetropia Astigmatism Symptoms Presbyopia Treatment Scientific correction of hypermetropia Complication Aetiology Types Sturm’s conoid Symptoms Tool’s used in evaluation of astigmatism Causes, indications, risk factors Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

Abbreviation Signs and tests 1.TH Factors affecting close work 2.LH Variations of accommodation with age 3.FH Evaluation and treatment 4.AH - Total Hypermetropia - Latent Hypermetropia - Facultative Hypermetropia - Absolte Hypermetropia 95

I.CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER 1.... [A]..... is the most common eye disorders and not a diseases a] Refractive error b] myopia 2.... [B]...... Is a normal refractive condition of the eye? a] Ameteropia b] emmetropia 3. The rays are focused in front or behind the retina then its termed...... [A]. a] Ameteropia b] emetropia 4.Short sightedness is called as [A] a] Myopia b] hypermetropia 5.Long sightedness is called [B] a] Myopia b] hypermetropia 6. Myopia is one type of........ [A]. a] Refractive error b] disease 7. The parallel rays are brought into focus in front of the retina is called.... [A]...... a] Myopia b] hypermetropia 8...... [A]........ Is an error of visual focusing that makes distant objects appear blurred a] Near sightedness b]Long sightedness 9. Increase in the anterior posterior length of the eye ball... [A].. a] Axial myopia b] positional myopia 10. Increase in the curvature of the cornea [B] a] Axial myopia b] curvature myopia 11. The curvature increase of 1mm causes refractive changes of [A] a] 6d b] 1d c] 10d 12. A change of refractive index in the lens results in [A] a] Index myopia b] curvature myopia c] axial myopia 13.This is due to anterior placement of the lens..... [A].... a] Positional myopia b] curvature myopia c] axial myopia Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

14...[A]....... Is present at birth a] Congenital myopia b] curvature myopia c] axial myopia 15. Congenital myopia may be...... [C]....... a] Unilateral b] bilateral c] a & b 16....... [A]... Is the most common type myopia a] Simple myopia b] curvature myopia c] axial myopia 17. The power of glasses increase usually during the years of. School and colleges and remains same[a] a] Simple myopia b] curvature myopia c] axial myopia 18. The myopia which occurs due to variations in blood glucose level.......[A]..... a] Acquired myopia b] curvature myopia c] axial myopia 19..... [A]...... Type of myopia is any degenerative changes in the eye a] Pathological myopia b] curvature myopia c] axial myopia 20. [A]........ Type of myopia which is called false appearance of myopia a] Pseudo myopia b] curvature myopia c] axial myopia 21. Pseudo myopia it could causes [A] a] Severe headache with asthenopic complaints b] vomiting c] double vision 22... [A]........... The eye which has difficulty seeing in low illumination a] Night myopia b] curvature myopia c] axial myopia 23 . What is normal vision? …..[B]….. a]. Ametropia b]. Emmetropia c]. Myopia 24. Night myopia is due to increases in sensivity to the......... [A] a] Shorter wave length of light b] longer wave length of light c] a & b 25... [A].... Type of myopia which has no stimulation for distance fixation a] Space myopia b] curvature myopia c] axial myopia 26. Bilateral congenital myopia may be associated with...... [A]. a] Squint b] amblyopia c] nystagmus 97

27..... [A].... Type of patient with close working habits a] Myopia b] presbyopia c] hypermetropia 28... [A]....... Patches in the macula causes loss in central vision a] Retinal atrophy b] retinal pigments c] retinal detachment 29. Symptom of person with near sightedness..[B]....... a] flashing of light b] headache c] giddiness 30. Refractive surgeries are recommended for persons aged between …[A]….. a] 20 & 40 years b] 15 & 35 years old c] a & b 31. The parallel rays of light which focus behind the retina is known as ……[C]……. a] Myopia b] presbyopia c] hypermetropia 32....[A]...... Is due to increase in the length of the eye ball a] Myopia b] presbyopia c] hypermetropia 33.Flattening in corneal curvature causes ........ [ C] a] Myopia b] presbyopia c] hypermetropia 34 . Shot-silk retina is seen in (a) a) hypermetopia b) myopia c) presbyopia d) none of the above 35.....[A]..... anterio posterior length of the eyeball is shorter than normal a] Axial hypermetropia b] curvature hyperopia c] index hyperopia 36.Normal axial length....[B]..... a] 25 mmm b] 23mm c] 24mm 37. A decrease of 1mm in axial length produces a hypermetropia of ….[B]…. a] 6ds b] 3ds c] 7ds 38. In curvature hypermetropia curvature of the cornea is…..[A].... Than normal a] flatter b] shorter c] less then 39. An increases of.... in corneal curvature causes hypermetropia or myopia of…[C]..... a] 1mm & 3ds b] 2mm & 6ds c] 1mm & 6ds Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

40. Index hyperopia is caused by deficient refractive power in the .......[C]..... of eye. a] Index b] flatter c] media 41. Corneal refractive index [C] a] 1.38 b] 1.40 c] 1.37 42. Refractive index of the cortex of lens [A] a] 1.38 b] 1.40 c] 1.37 43. Refractive index of the nucleus of the lens [C] a] 1.38 b] 1.40 c] 1.40 44. Types of hypermetropia [A] a] 3 b] 2 c] 1 45. When parallel rays of light is focused in front of retina, it is known as [A] a] Myopia b] Hypermetropia c] Presbyopia 46. In farsighted eye the shape of the eye ball will be ____[b]______. a]. Long b]. Short c]. Elliptical 47. Keratomiluesis can be done to correct [D] a]. myopia b]. Regular astigmatism c]. hypermetropia d]. all 48. The type of lens used for correction of regular astigmatism includes ( c) a) biconvex lens b) biconcave lens c) Cylindrical lens d) none of the above 49. Pseudopapillitis is seen in (a) a) hypermetopia b) myopia c) presbyopia d) none of the above 50. Which hypermetropia is corrected by normal physiological tone of the ciliary muscle….[C]…. a]. Total hypermetropia b]. Manifest hypermetropia c]. Latent hypermetropia 99

51.When the curvature of the cornea or lens is flatter than the normal, the person suffers from[c] a]. Myopia b]. presbyopia c]. hypermetropia 52. If the horizontal meridian is more curved than the vertical meridian, it is known as[b] a]. with the rule astigmatism b]. against the rule astigmatism c].Oblique astigmatism 53.When the refractive power changes uniformly from one meridian to another it is known as ………astigmatism [A] a]. regular b]. irregular c]. oblique 54. The power of the cornea is [C] a]. 18 D b]. 60D c].40D 55. When ciliary muscles contract, the lens focuses ..................... objects [B] a]. distant b]. near c]. Finite 56. The principal meridians of an astigmatic patient are 60° & 120°. It is known as[c] a]. Regular astigmatism b]. Irregular astigmatism c]. oblique astigmatism 57. Incident parallel rays come to a focus posterior to the light sensitive layer of retina in (c) a) aphakia b) hypermetopia c) Both of the above d) none of the above 58. Indistinct distant vision is seen in (b) a) presbyopia b) myopia c) hypermetopia d) none of the above 59. The diameter of an ideal pinhole is[c] a]. > 2mm b]. < 1mm c]. 1.32mm 60. Cylindrical lenses are prescribed for ………[c]……………… patients a]. Myopic b]. Hypermetropia c]. Astigmatism Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore