CONSOLIDATED QUESTION BANK New

22 SS - SEIDEL’S SCOTOMA 23 SPCS - SUPERIOR PARA CENTRAL SCOTOMA 24 RNS - ROENNE’S NASAL STEP 25 BS - BJERRUM’S SCREEN 26 TC - TRAQUAIR CONCEPT 27 MS - MACULAR SPARING /MACULAR SPREADING 28 OC - OPTIC CHIASMA 29 HFA - HUMPHERY FIELD ANALYSER 30 DAS - DOUBLE ARCUTE SCOTOMA II. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER 1. Who invented Visual Field Invented ?[A] A] Cuighet B] Traquir C] Landolt 2. The intraorbital length of the optic nerve is ----[D] A] 1 mm B] 5 mm C]10 mm D]25 mm 3. How Many Parts In Visual Pathway ? A] 4 B] 6 C] 3 4. Loss Of Vision In The Opposite Half Of Visual Field A Condition Known [A] A] Hemianopia B] Homonymous C] Quandranopia 5. Central Field With ......Radius Of Fixation ?[A] A] 30 B] 330 C] 370 251

6. Portion Of Peripheral Fields Radius Fixation ? [B] A] 340 B] 330 C] 370 7. Blind Spot Other Name [A] A] Physiological Blind spot B] Beidels Scotoma C] A, B 8. Normal Visual Field corresponds to the region [A] A] Optic Nerve Head B] Optic Tract C] Optic Radiations 9. Blind Spot Fixation Distance ? [B] A] 17 B] 15 C] 20 10. The Normal Measurement Of The Blind Spot ? [A] A] Horizontal 5.5 Mm Vertical 7.5 B] Vertical 7.8 C] A , B 11. The End Organ In Neutral Epithelium ? [C] A] Rod B] Cones C] A,B 12. The First Order Neuron ? [A] A] Bipolar Cells In the Inner Layer Of The Retina B] Lgb C] A, B 13. The Second Order Neuron ? [B] A] Inner Layer Of The Retina B] Ganglion Cells Layer C] A , B 14. Campimetry is used to measure -----[D] A] Squint B]angle of deviation C] Pattern of retina D] field charting 15.Central field of vision is limited up to-----[B] A]20° B] 30° C ]40° D]50° 16. Non Seeing Area Told By Patients Called [A] A] Positive Scotoma B] Nagative Scotoma C] Bjerums Scotoma Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

17. NonseeingArea Seen By Examiner Called [B] A] Positive Scotoma B] Negative Scotoma C] Bjerums Scotoma 18. Scotoma May Be ? [C] A] Both Eye B] One Eye C] Unilateral Or Bilateral 19. Line Connection Point Of Equal Visual Sensitivity ? [A] A] Isopter B] Optic Nerve C] Chiasm 20. Reduced Visual Sensitivity [B] A] Positive Scotoma B]Scotoma C] Bjerums Scotoma 21.Loss Of Either Superior Or Inferior Field Nasal to The Physiological Blind Spot [A] A] Altitudinal Haemianopia B] Homonymus C] Congruous 22. Defect In Same Side Visual Space In Both Eye Is Called [A] A] Homonymous B] Congrous C] Incongrous 23. TraquirDefinition Of Visual Field Is ? [A] A] Island Of Vision B] Traquir C] Chiasma 24. The Visual Field Optic Disc Corresponds to ? [B] A] Scotoma B] Blind Spot C] Isopter 25. In Visual Field Testing, if The Fixation Point is Not Seen is Called [A] A] Central Scotoma B] Quadranopia C] Ceco Central Scotoma 26. The Field Defect Close To But Not Involving Fixation Is Called[A] A] Para Central Scotoma B] Central Scotoma C] Scotoma 27. If optic nerve is damaged , it causes[A] A] unilateral Blindness B] Scotoma C] Visual Pathway 28. Optic Tract lesion Field Defect is[A] 253

A] Homonymous Haemianopia B] Quadranopia C] Isopter 29. Optic Chiasma lesion the field defect is[B] A] Homonymous Haemianopia B] BitemporalHaemianopia C] Congruous 30. The Third Order Neuron[B] A] Optic Radiation B] Lateral Geniculate Body C] Visual Pathway 31. Optic Radiation lesion of The Defect is[A] A] Homonymous Hemianopia B] Bitemporal Hemianopia C] Congruous 32. Glaucoma Field Defect ........Types [C] A] 5 B] 4 C] 9 33. Other Name Of Double ArcuteScotoma ........[B] A] Blind Spot B] Ring Scotoma C] Hemianopia 34. Early Stage Of Glaucoma Field Defect Was ......[A] A] Blindspot Enlargement B] Tubular Field C] Central Scotoma 35. Other Name Of Bjerrum Screen Is ......[A] A] Tangent Screen B] Perimetry C] Aonfrantation 36. Last Stage Glaucoma Field Defect ....[C] A] Scotoma B] Blind Spot C] Tubular Field 37. Example In Kinetic Perimetry ......[B] A] Central Screen B] Bjerrum Screen C] Peripheral Field 38. How Many Types Of Perimetry .........[B] A] 5 B] 2 C] 3 39. AmslerGrid Is Invented By ........[A] A] MaricAmsler B] Traqiar C] Landolt Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

40. AmslerGrid Determines the .......[A] A] Central Scotoma B] Ring Scotoma C] Tubular Field 41. How Many Types Of Perimeter[A] A] 2 B] 7 C] 8 42. Explanation Of Led [A] A] Light Emitting Diodes B] Light Equar Depression C] a,b 43. Positive Scotoma Example [A] A] Central Scotoma B] Isopter C] Ceco Central Scotoma 44. Negative Scotoma Example [B] A] Central Scotoma B] Blind Spot Enlargement C] Scotoma 45. Peripheral field of vision is tested by----[C] A] Bjerrum’s screen B] snellen’s chart C]Perimeter Dindirect ophthalmoscope 46. Basic Defects in Visual Field are[C] A] Depression And Scotoma B] Contraction C] A, B 47. How Many Colors are in used in cf stick [A] A] 4 B] 7 C] 3 48. For testing neuro patient the color used is[A] A] Red B] Green C] Blue 49. For Retina Patient testing Color used is[B] A] Red B] Green C] Blue 50. For Glaucoma Patient Testing Colour used is[C] A] Red B] Green C] Blue 255

51. Nasal Step Scotoma Invented by[B] A] Landolt B] Roenne C] Traquir 52. Glaucoma Field Defect Last Stage [B] A] Roenne B] Tubular Field C] Central Field 53. Enlargement of the blind spot occurs in------[A] A] papillodema B] papillitis C] retrobulbar neuritis D] glaucoma 54.InVisual Pathway, The Second Order Neuron Is [B] A]Neural Epithelium B]Bipolar Cells C]Ganglion Cells 55.TheSuperior Side Of The Normal Monocular Fields Corresponds To [C] A]100o – 110o B]50o - 60o C] 60o – 70 O .56. Any Defect In The Chiasma Will Lead To Vision Loss In[C] A]In Macula B]In Any One Of The Eye C]Temporal Side Of Two Eyes 57.The Point Where Nasal Fibres Cross Is Known As [C] A] Visual Cortex B] Lateral Geniculate Body C] Optic Chiasm 59.WhichType Of Scotoma Defect Is Involving The Fixation---[B] A.CentralSecalScotomaB.Central Scotoma C.Ring Scotoma 60.HowMany Radians Are There In The Tangent Screen? [A] A] 24 B] 26 C] 22 61. Bjerrum Chart Is Used To Measure ____ [A] A] Central 30 Degree B] Peripheral 30 Degree C]Both A And B 62. How Many Circular Stitches Will Be There In Bjerrum’s Screen? [B] A] 4-5 B] 6 – 7 C] 7-8 Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

63. The Location Of Blind Spot From Central Fixation Point Is ____ [C]Degrees A] 30° B] 10° C]15° 64.Scotopic vision is due to ------[B] A]Cones B] rodsC] Both D] none of the above 65. The Target Size Varies From ____ To ____ [A] A] 1mm To 50 Mm B] 100 Mm To 500 Mm C] 1000 Mm To 2000 Mm 66.Vision is grossly reduced in---- [A] A] papillitis B] papillodema C] pseudopapillitis D] all of the above 67. What Colour Of Object / Stimulus Can Be Used For Normal Patient? [C] A] Blue B]Red C]White 68. Sudden loss of vision occurs in the following except----[B] A]retrobulbar neuritis B] papillodema C] CRAO D] CRVO 69. Ring scotoma is seen in ----[ D] A] papilloedema B] macular odema C]CRAO D]retinitis pigmentosa 70 . In anterior ischaemic opticneuropathy the charateristic defect is –-----[A] A] altitudinal field defect B] central scotoma C] centrocaecal scotoma D] nasal step 71. Damage In The Rods And Cones Will Affect ….. [A] 257

A]ColourSensitivity B]Shape C]Image Size 72. Rods Are Responsible For ______ [A] A]NightVision B]Daylight Vision C]Both Night And Daylight 73. Cones Are Responsible For ____. [B] A]NightVision B]Daylight Vision C]Both Night And Daylight 74. The Colour Of The Central Fixation Point Is _________. [A] A]White B]Green C]Black 75. Bjerrum Screen Can Be Cleaned Using __________[B]. A]WetCloth B]Soft Brush C]Sterile Cloth 76. Bjerrum Developed From ________. [A] A]Capimeter B]Goldman Perimeter C]Hess Chart 77. Bjerrum Helps To Find ______________ Vision. [A] A]MonocularVision B]Binocular Vision C]Double Vision 78. Bjerrum Has ______ Meridian. [A] A]360 Degree B]90 Degree C]180 Degrees 79. The Trainee Should Stand _____________ Side During The Bjerrum Examination. [A] A]Temporal B]Nasal C] Middle 80. Target Object Should Not Be ______________. [C] A]Faded B] Damaged C]Both 81.TheLesion Before The Optic Chiasm Will Be _________. [A] A]. Monocular B].Binocular C].Unilateral 82. The Lesion After The Optic Chiasm Will Be _________. [B] A]. Monocular B.]Binocular C.]Unilateral Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

83. The Lesion At The Optic Chiasm Will Be _________. [C] A.]Monocular B].Binocular C].Bitemporal hemianopia 84. Lesion On Right Optic Nerve – Condition Is ___________. [A] A.]Right Anopia / Right Eye Blindness B].Left Anopia/Left Eye Blindness C]Quadrantanopia 85. In Visual Pathways The Temporal Field Of Vision Represents The [B] A.]Temporal Retina B].Nasal Retina C].Both 86. Definition Of Visual Field Is ___________. [C] A]. Island Of Sea In Vision Of Darkness B]. Island Of Vision In The Land C.]Island Of Vision In The Sea Of Blindness 87. The Nerve Fibres Are Formed In ___________. [C] A]. Ganglion B].Epithelium C.]Nerve Fibre Layer 88 . All of the following field defects are characteristic of glaucoma except -------[D] A]arcuate scotoma B] ring scotoma C] baring of blindspot D]binasal quadantropia 89. Retina after death becomes -------[B] A]transparent B]white C] black D]red 90. What Is Absolute Scotoma? [C] A]. Objects Very Blurred Like Dim Light B].Clear Light Seen C.]Nothing Can Be Seen 91.Lesion of the optic tract causes -----[A] A] homonymus hemianopia B]bitemporal hemianopia C] binasal hemianopia D] ipsilateral blindness 259

92. What Is Positive Scotoma? [A] A.]Patient Complaints Of Non-Seeing Area B]. Examiner Detects The Defect C]. Total Blindness 93. What Is Negative Scotoma? [B] A.]Patient Complaints Of Non-Seeing Area B]. Examiner Detects The Defect C]. Total Blindness 94. Central Field Loss Occurs With__________. [C] A.]Retinal Detachment B].Retinitis Pigmentosa C].Age-Related Macular Degeneration 95. Loss Of Peripheral Vision Leads To ___________. [A] A]. Tunnel Vision B].Half Of Vision Loss C].Cataract 96. The Visual Field Defects Are Classified According To ______. [C] A]. Laterality B].Equality C].Both 97.InRing Scotoma Visual Field Defect _________.[B] A.]The Central Macular Is Totally Damaged B]. The Fixation Area Is Encircled C]. The Blind Spot Is Enlarged 98. If The Fixation Area Is Affected It Is __________. [C] A]. Peripheral Scotoma B].AngioScotoma C].Central Scotoma 99. If The Scotoma Is sickle Shaped It Is __________. [B] A]. AngioScotoma B].Seidel”s Scotoma C.]Roenne’s Nasal Step 100. If The Entire Visual Field Is Affected Leaving Away The Macula The Condition Is _______. [B] A]. CecalScotoma B].Macular Sparing C].Both 101. The neuron of the first order in the visual pathway lies in which layer of retina------[D] A] Inner plexiform B] outer plexiform Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

C] Optic nerve fiber D]none of the above 102. Lesions of partial lobe _______. [C] A]. BitemporalHemianopia B].BinasalHemianopia C].Quadrantanopia 104. Lesions Of Optic Nerve Will Lead To ________. [B] A]. Contra Lateral Scotoma B].IpsiLateral Scotoma C].Temporal 105.TemporalSide Is __________. [B] A.]Towards Nasal B].Towards Ear C.]Combined Both 106. Nasal Side Is __________. [B] A]. Towards Ear B].Towards Nose C].Combined Both 107. Highest vision resolution is seen in -----[ B] A] Macula lutea B]fovea centralis C] Optic disc D]ora serrata 108. Second order neurons in the optic pathway are present in ----[B] A] Superior colliculus B] retina C]Medial geniculate body D ] lateral geniculate body 109. Optic disc corresponds to -------[B] A] Macula lutea B] blind spot C]Fovea D]rods & cones 110. Central Is The Portion Of The Visual Field Within __________. A.] 60 Degree B].30 Degree C]. 90 Degrees 111. The Visual Field Defect Is Due To ___________. [C ] A]. Peripheral Field Loss B].Central Field Loss C].Both 261

112. The Peripheral Visual Field Is More Than The Central Visual Field In________[B] A.]Humans B].Birds AndAnimals C].Both Of Them 113. Macula Is The Small Area At The ________________Of The Retina. [A] A]. Center B.]Left C].Right 114. Loss Of Vision In A Quarter Visual Field Is ______ [C] A]. Scotoma B].Homonymous C].Quadrantanopia 115. Complete Visual Field Defect Is __________ [B] A]. Isopter B].Anopsia C].Hemianopia 116. Affecting The Same Part Of The Visual Field Of Each Eye Is [B] A]. Scotoma B].Homonymous C.]Quadrantanopia 117. `Ipsi‘Lateral Defect Means _____________. [C] A. ]Defect On The Opposite Side B]. Defect On The Superior Side C]. Defect On The Same Side 118. Lesion Over Right Or Left Optic Tract Leads To ________[A]. A.]Homonymous Hemianopia B].Hemianopia C].Superior Quadrantanopia 119. Lesion In The Superior Meyer’s Loop Leads To ________.[C] A]. Homonymous Hemianopia B].Hemianopia C].Superior Quadrantanopia 120. Lesions Of The Parietal Radiations Lead To ________[A] A]. Inferior Quadrantanopia B].Hemianopia C.]Superior Quadrantanopia 121. Occipital Lobe Lesions Lead To _________. [C] A]. Central Field Loss B]Homonymous Hemianopia C].Total Blindness 122. The total length of the optic nerve is Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

A] 2.5 cm B] 3 cm C] 4.5 cm D] 5 cm 123. If There Is A Lesion In The Entire Optic Nerve The Condition Will Lead To _______. A.]Peripheral Defect B].Superior Defect C].Complete Blindness 124. The Lesions At The Optic Chiasm And After Optic Chiasm Will Cause ________. [ B] A.]Monocular Defect B].Binocular Defect C].Total Blindness 125. Hemi Means _________. [B] A.]Quarter B.]Half C].Full 126. Normal field of vision extends on the nasal side to [B] A] 40° B]50° -600 C] 60° D]70° 127. Visual centre is situated in [D] A] Parietal lobe B]frontal lobe C]Mid brain D]occipital lobe 128. Optic nerve extends up to--------[A] A] Optic chiasma B]optic tracts C] latral geniculate body D]optic radiations 129. Visible spectrum extends from------[C] A] 100 – 300 µm B] 300 – 650 µm C] 400 – 700 µm D] 720 – 920 µm III.FILL IN THE BLANKS 1.The Amsler Grid Test, Determines The Presence And Location Of Defects In The……Portion Of The Visual Field (Central ) 2.A Defective Visual Field Surrounded By A Normal Field Is Known As ……… ( Scotoma ) 3..……………………. Is The Procedure Of Estimating The Extent Of Visual Fields.(Perimetry ) 263

4.The Normal Monocular Field In Superior Side------[60degree-70degree] 5.Normal Binocular Visual Field In Horizontal Side----[200degree] 6.Physiological Blind Spot Is Also Called As-----[Absolute Scotoma] 7.BlindSpot Is Located 15degree ------To The Fixation Point[Temporal] 8.The Normal Measurement Of-----In 5.5mm Horizontally And 7.5mm Vertically [Blind Spot] 9.Blind Spot Corresponds To The Region Of The----- [Optic Nerve Head] 10.Traquair’s Definition Of The Visual Field It Is An----In The Sea Of Blindness [Island Of Vision] 11.In visual field the End Organ Is The ------Of The Rods And Cones [Neural Epithelium] 12.TheSecond Order Neurone Is The ------Of The Retina [Ganglion Cell] 13.-----Will Have Same Field Defect Size Regardless Of The Target Size And Brightness [Absolute Scotoma] 14.In ------ the patient has Complaints Of Non-Seeing Area [Positive Scotoma] 15.OpticdiscCorrespondsto----------- [Blind Spot ]Ofvisualfield. 16.WhatIs The Other Name Of Double Arcute Scotoma---- [Ringscotoma/Annular Scotoma] 17.[ Perimetry ]........Is The Procedure To Estimate The Extent Of Visualfield. 18.[ Static Perimetry ] .........The Main Aim Is To Find Out The Threshold Of The Retina At Various Points 19.[ TheVisual Field ] ........ Is That Portion Of Space In Which Objects Are Simultaneously Visible To The Steady Fixing Eye 20.The……… [ NormalMonocular ] Visual Fields Is Slightly Irregular Oval 22.The……….. [ Central Field ] Is the Portion Of The Visual Field Within……… 30º Radius Of Fixation Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

23.The………. [ Peripheral Field ] Makes Up The Remainder Of The Visual Field 24.NormalMonocular Fields In Nasal Side …….. [ 50º To 60º], Temporal Side……..[ 100º To110º] 25.Normal Monocular Fields In Superior Side ……..[ 60º To 70º] , Inferior Side……[ 70º To 80º] 26.NormalBinocular Fields In Horizontal Side……. [ 200º ] Vertical Side………[ 110º ] 27.[ PhysiologicalKblind Spot] ……… Is An Area Of Absolute Scotoma 28.Blind Spot Is Located Approximately …….[15º ] Temporal To The Fixation Point And About…………[ 15º ] Below The Horizontal Meridian 29.The Normal Measurements Of The Blind Spot Is Approximately………. [ 5.5mm ] Horizontally And ……….. [ 7.5mm ] Vertically 30.ExpansionOf AION: ……………[Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.] 31.In Traquair's Concept The Peak Of The Island Represents The Point Of…………. [ Highest Acuity ] 32. The Nomenclature Of Perimetry Are Termed …………… [ Isopters] 33.TheNasal Field Represents The ………… [ Temporal Retina ] And Temporal Field Represents The ……………… [ Nasal Retina ] 34.TheEnd Organ Is The Neural Epithelium Of The …………… [ Rods And Cones] 35.TheFirst – Order Neurone Is The Bipolar Cell With Its Axons In The………….. [ Inner Layers Of Retina ] 36.The………………. [ Second Order Neurone ] Is The Ganglion Cell Of The Retina 37.[Occipital Cortex ]………… Is The Visual Centre 38.TheFibres From The Peripheral Retina Enter The Periphery Of The……….. [ Optic Nerve ] 39.Loss Of Vision In one Half Of The Visual Field A Condition Known As………. [Hemianopia] 265

40. Abnormal Visual Fields …………….. [ Contraction, Depression Scotoma] 41.VisualField Depression May Be Devided Into………….. [ General Depression, Local Depression ] 42.A ……[ Scotoma ] Is An Area Of Partial Or Complete Blindness Within The Confines Of A Normal Or A Relatively Normal Visual Field 43.TypesOf Scotoma ………… [ Absolute Scotoma, Relative Scotoma] 44.RelativeScotoma Two Types……….. [ Positive Scotoma, Negative Scotoma ] 45.Positive Scotoma Example…………. [ Central Scotoma] 46.NegativeScotoma Example …………….. [ Blind Spot Enlargement ] 47.In [Positive]………… Scotoma Patient Complaints Of Non Seeing Area 48.In [Negative]……….. Scotoma Examiner Detects The Non Seeing Area 49.ScotomasMay Be……………. [ Unilateral Or Bilateral] 50.[Absolute ]…………Scotoma Will Have The Same Field Defect Size Regardless Of The Target Size And Brightness 51.[Horizontal Meridian] ………… Through Fixation Which Divides Superior And Inferior Visual Fields 52.[VeriticalMeridian] …………..Through Fixation Which Divides Left And Right Visual Field 53.LineConnecting Points Of Equal Visual Sensitivity Is…………. [ Isopter ] 54.Area Of Reduced Visual Sensitivity Is ………… [ Scotoma] 55.Bjerrum Scotoma Other Name……….. [ Arcuate Scotoma ] 56.[Central Scotoma ] ………… Isdefect Involving Fixaton 57.[Ceco– Central Scotoma ]……… Defect Encompassing The Physiologic Blind Spot And Fixation 58.[Para – Central]………… Scotoma Is Defect Close To But Not Involving Fixation Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

59.[Altitudinal]…………Is Complete Loss Of Either Superior Or Inferiorfield Nasal To The Physiologic Blind Spot 60.[Hemianopia] ………….. Is Defect Respecting The Vertical Meridian 61.[ Quadrantanopia ] …………. Defect Is Respecting The Vertical Meridian Involving Only One Quadrant. 62.[Homonymous ] …………….Defect Occupies The Same Side Of Visual Space In Both Eyes 63.[Congruous ]……………In Bilateral Hemianopic Defects Which Are Essentially Indentical 64.Arteric Aion Rarely Seen………….[Before 40 Yrs.] 65.[Incongruous ]………Is Hemianopic Defects Which Are Not Identical 66.DoubleArcuate Scotoma Other Name ………[.Ring Or Annular Scotoma] 67.UltimatelyAll The Nerve Fibres Are Eventually Destroyed With………..[ No Perception Of Light] 68.Double ArcuateScotoma Leads To………[ Tubular Field Of Vision] 69.Only Paracentral Temporal Island Of Vision Persists ………[.Central Vision] Being Destroyed 70.[Kinetic Perimetry]………….. Is The Stimulus Of Known Size And Luminance Is Moved From Periphery Towards The Centre to Establish Isopters 71.VariousMethods Of Kinetic Perimetry Are …………[Confrontation, Tangent Screen Scotometry, Lister's Perimetry And Goldman's Perimetry] 72.StaticPerimetry Is Superior To The Kinetic Method For ……[Glaucoma Patients ]As It Si More Accurate And Reproducible 73.StaticPerimetry Example ……………[Humphery Visual Fields Analyzer] 74.[Static Perimetry] ………….Is done Either in Photopic Or Scotopic Conditions 75.BjerrumScreen Other Name ………….[Tangent Screen] 267

76.EstimationOf Defects Of Central Fields Using Tangent Screen Is Termed As ……………[Campimetry Or Scotometry] 77.Toxic Optic Neuropathy caused by ........... [Alcohol, Tobacco, Drugs, Nutritional Deficiency.] 78.FixationTargets Should Be Capable Of Variation From…………….. [1 To 10mm] 79.[AamslerGrid ]……………..Test Determines The Presence And Location Of Defects In The Central Portion Of The Visual Field 80.Perimeter Screen May Be Either An Arc Or A Bowl Of A Radius Of …………[330mm] 81.ColourVision Deficiency And Bilateral Centro Cecal Scotoma Seen In………[Toxic Optic neuropathy] 82.LED Expansion………….. [Light Emitting Diodes] 83.AutomatedPerimeters Can Perform Screening And Diagnostic Field Test And Can Use…………….. [Kinetic And Static Methods] 84.[Humphery Field Analyzer]……… has Become The Standard For Visual Field Testing 85.TheTargets Of The Perimeter Consists Of Circular White Discs Of Diameters Ranging From……[1 -10mm] 86.The[Goldmann Perimeter] ……………Is Standardised And Preferable For Glacoma Examination 87.The……..[DematoCampimeter] Is A Recently Developed Visual Field Screening Device 88.AmslerGrid Test The Patient Should Perform The Test Monocularly Always At The Same ……………[16 Inch] Distance 89.FieldDefects In Chiasma …….[.Bitemporal Hemianopia] 90.VisualField Defects In Optictract………..[ Contralateral Incongruous Homonymous Hemianopia] 91.VisualField Defect In Optic Radiation…………….[ Congrous Contralateral Homonymous Hemianopia] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

92.NormalBinocular Visual Fields ……………[ Horizantal 200° And Vertical 130° or 110o] 93.[1 Meter (Or) 2 Meter]…………. Distance Used For Fields Test. 94.PortionOf Central Field With In ………….[30°] Radius Of Fixation. 95.PortionOf Peripheral Field With In …………[330°] Radius Of Fixation. 96.OtherName Of Blind Spot Is………… [Physiological Blind Spot, Absolute Scotoma.] 97.Normal blind spot Corresponds To The Region Of The………… [Optic Nerve Head.] 98.VisualFields Invented By ……..[Traquir.] 99.TheSecond Order Neuron ………[Ganglion Cell with axons in Lateral Geniculate Body.] 100.The End Organ Is Neural Epithelium Of The ………..[Rods And Cones.] 101.TheFirst Order Neuron ……….[.Bipolar Cells with axons in Inner Layer Of Retina.] 102.The Third Order Neuron…………. [Lateral Geniculate Body to Occipital Cortex.] 103.HowMany Parts In Visual Pathway? ……….[Six] 104.LossOf Vision In The Opposite Half Of The Visual Field A Condition Known As…….. [Haemianopia.] 105.SwellingOf The Optic Disc Due To………….[Papilloedma.] 106.VisualField Depression May Be Divided In To………. [ General Depression, Local Depression.] 107.Types Of Scotoma Are…………….. [ AbsoluteScotoma, Relative Scotoma.] 108. PaleDisc Edema Altitudinal Scotoma Seen In …………[AION.] 109.[Relative Scotoma]……….. That Changes With The Target Size And Sloping Borders Indicates Active (Or) Ongoing Field Defect. 113.DefectIn Same Side Of Visual Space In Both Eyes Is Called……….[Homonymous.] 114.Traquir’sDefinition Of Visual Field Is…………[ Island Of Vision.] 269

116.InVisual Field Testing If The Fixation Point Is Not Seen It Is Called……….. [Central Scotoma.] 117.TheField Defect Close To But Not Involving Fixation Is Called………..[ Para Central Scotoma.] 118.If The Optic Nerve Is Defected Field Defect Is………. [Blindness.] 119.If Optic Radiation In Posterior Occipital Lobe Is Defect the Field Defect ………….[Iscontra Lateral Congruous Homonymous Haemianopia with Macular Sparing] 120.Glaucoma Field Defect are ………[9 Types.] 121.OtherName Of Double Arcute Scotoma…………[Ring Scotoma.] 122.NasalStep Scotoma Is Invented By……….[ Roenne.] 123.EarlyStage Of Glaucoma Field Defect is…………[.Blind Spot Enlargement] 124.LastStage Glaucoma Field Defect is ………….[.Tubular Field.] 125.SeverePain, Rapd, Colour Vision Defect Is Seen In………[Optic Neuritis] 126.DefectIn Pituitary Adenoma…………[Bitemporal Haemianopia.] 127.VisualFields Tested By……….[Central Field, Peripheral Field, Confrontation Method, Amsler Grid.] 128.AmslerGrid Is Invented By………[MaricAmsler.] 129.GlaucomaLast Stage Is Called ---------------[Temporal island of vision ] 130…….[4 Colours ]Are Used In Field Test. 131.NeuroPatient Tested By……..[Red Object.] 132.RetinaPatient Tested By………[Green Object.] 133.GlaucomaPatient Tested By………[.Blue Object]. 134.AllPatients Tested By………. [White Object.] 136.[Toxic, Nutritional , Smoking]…….. Patient Affected By Central Cecal Scotoma. Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

138.TypesOfArcute Scotoma Are …………[Superior Arcute Scotoma And Inferior Arcute Scotoma.] III.TRUE OR FALSE 1.TheAmsler grid test, determines the presence and location of defects in the peripheral portion of the visual field -False 2.Bitemporal hemianopia occurs in lesion of optictract.-False 3. The visual field defect occurs due to lesion in the Optic nerve -False 4. In visual fields the superior field image falls on the superior retina and the inferior field image falls on the inferior retina - False 5.The lesions before the optic chiasm causes Binocular vision defect- False 6. Bjerrum screen is easy to maintain -True 7. Bjerrum screen is purely subjective -True 8. There are no photoreceptors in optic never head - True 9. Faded pinheads can be used for examination -False 10. Patient will feel pain during Bjerrum examination. -False 11.In Centro cecal scotoma the blind spot is enlarged and central macular is not affected – False IV.MATCH THE FOLLOWING 1 Amsler’sGrid - CentralScotoma - Bjerrum’sscreen 2 Centralfields - Optic tract - Meyer’s Loop 3 Homonymous - Lateral optic chiasm Hemianopia 4 Quadrantanopia 5 Binasal hemianopia 271

6 Anopia - - Optic Nerve - Mid line Optic chiasma 7 Bitemporal hemianopia - central cecal scotoma - 3cm 8 Optic chaisma - Bitemporal Hemianopia - Central scotoma 9 Amsler grid - Total blind - Bjerrum's screen 10 Optic nerve - Tubular field - Central scotoma 11 Optic neuritis - Blind spot - Bitemporalheminaopia 12 Orbital part - Humphery field anlyser - 330mm 13 Central fields - Island of vision - 60º to 70º 14 Retinitispigmentosa - 70º to 80º - Simultaneously visible 15 Amsler's grid - Rods and cones - Central scotoma 16 Optic disc - Blind spot enlargement - Abnormal visual fields 17 Chiasmal defect - Sector - Goldmannn'sperimetry 18 Acutomatedperimetry - Bjerrum screen - 2 to 3 feet 19 Perimeters - Amsler grid - 1mm 20 Traquair's - Blindspot 21 Superior side 22 Inferior side 23 Visual field 24 The end organ 25 Positivescotoma 26 Negative scotoma 27 Depression 28 Contraction 29 Kineticperimetry 30 Tangent screen 31 Confrontation method 32 16inch 33 Isopter 34 15º temporal Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

35 Occipital cortex - Visual cortex 36 Central scotoma - Involving fixation 37 The central field - 30º radius of fixation V.GIVE THE REASON 1.Why visual field test is important in glaucoma patient? To correlate the anatomical finding with the functional assessment 2.The fovea is always on temporal side of the optic nerve head? The fovea is always on the Temporal / Lateral side of the nerve head of each eye 3. Bjerrum screen is easy to maintain There is no need for sterilization, it is not breakable so easy to clean 4. Bjerrum screen is purely subjective During the examination patient should give right feedback of what they are seeing. Ifthe patient gives wrong feedback then the result goes wrong. VI. 2MARKS 1.What are the three basic defects of visual field? 2.How many types of scotoma? 3.How many types of perimetry 4.Define physiological blind spot 5.Definetraquir concept 6.Write the parts of visual pathway 7.Write about the type of visual field 8.Define contraction 273

9.Define scotoma 10.How many types of scotoma 11.Write about the glaucoma field defect 12.Defineperimetry 13.Write about the confrontation method 14.Write about the tangent screen 15.Define -Amsler grid 16.Write about automated perimeter 17.What is the principle of visual pathway? VII.5MARK 1.Explain about the normal monocular or binocular visual field 2.Explain about the visual pathway 3.Explain about the glaucoma field defect 4.Explained about the perimetry VIII.DRAWING 1. Draw the visual pathway 2. Draw the glaucoma field defect 3.RightTemporalHemianopia 4.Arcute scotoma 5.RE Homonymous Heminopia 6.Macula spring Macula Spiliting IX.ENGLISH TO TAMIL Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

1. Binocular field சோளலதநாக்கி புலம் 2. Principle சகாள்ளக பார்ளவ பரப்பு எல்ளலயில் ஒரு பகுேி சரியாக 3. scotoma சேரியாைல் இருத்ேல் 4. Abnormal அசாோரணைாக 5. Hemianopic ஒரு பக்க பார்ளவ இழப்பு 6. Confrontation தைாேல் 7. Kinetic இயக்கலியல் 8. Sector துளற 9. Blind spot சவற்று புள்ளி 10. Visual pathway காட்சி பாளே 11. Physiological உைலியல் WORK SHEET 1.Write about the basic field defects which we see during visual field testing? 2.Explain about the types of scotoma? 3.Write about any 3 basic terminology in visual field defect? 4.Write about the field defects in lesions affecting various parts of the visual pathway. 5.What are the methods to assess the visual field. 275

6.Explain about the Demato Campimeter. 7.Write about the automated perimetry 8.Write about the types of depression in visual field? 9.Explain about the types of relative scotoma: 10.Write about specific defects suggestive of glaucoma: 11. Which types of glass will we prescribe in a hemianopic patient and Why? 12.What is the reason for bitemporal or binasal hemianopia when a part of chaisma is affected? CHAPTER 10 Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

ULTASONOGRAPHY (A SCAN) CHAPTER 10 ULTASONOGRAPHY (A SCAN) Reflectivity Velocity of sound IOL power with biometry Formula Ophthalmometer Principle Procedure Recording 277

I.ABBREVIATION - Axial Length - Keratometry Reading 1 AL - Intra Ocular Lens 2 KR - Sanders, Retzlaff, Kraft 3 IOL - Amplitude Of Scan 4 SRK - Bio Microscopy 5 A-scan - Anterior Chamber Depth 6 B-scan - Diopter 7 ACD - Meters Per Second 8D - With The Rule 9 m/s - Against The Rule 10 WR - Oblique 11 AR - Mires Clear And Regular 12 OBL - Mires Irregular And Distorted 13 MCAR - Axial Length 14 MIAD - Baush &lomb 15 AL - Posterior Chamber 16 B&L - Anterior Chamber 17 PC - Biconvex Power 18 AC - Posterior Sub Capsular Cataract 19 BC - Posterior Capsular Opacity 20 PSCC - Small Incision Cataract Surgery 21 PCO - Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction 22 SICS - Minimal Incision Cataract Surgery 23 ECCE - Central Corneal Thickness 24 MICS - Partial Coherence Interferometry 25 CCT - Swept Source Optical Coherence Interferometry 26 PCI - Lunar Robatic Lander 27 SSOCI - Limbal Relaxing Incision 28 LRL - Corneal Curvature 29 LRI - Lens Thickness 30 CC - Standard Deviation 31 LT - White To White 32 SD 33 WTW Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

II.CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER 1. When performing a- scan biometry a one diopters IOL power error could result from an axial length [A ] a] 0.33mm b] 0.03mm c] 33cm 2. The strength of an echo is indicated by the height of the spike [A] a] A-scan b] B-scan c] CT-scan 3. Axial length & keratometry formula to determine---(c) a] axial length b] curvature of the cornea c]IOL power 4. IOL replaces natural lens of eye after -----(c) a] a-scan biometry b] IOL power calculation c] cataract surgery 5. Keratometry determines corneal curvature by measuring the size of a reflected ----- [b] a] purkinje image b] mire c] corneal image 6. The first spike represents the probe tip as it comes into contact with the---(c) --- a] aqueous humor b] anterior surface of the lens c] cornea 7. ----axis passes through cornea and retina distance in the normal eye (a) a] optical axis b] visual axis c] reflectivity 8. Corneal compression is due to ---- (b) ---- a] increase the axial length b] decrease the axial length c] increase the corneal curvature 9. Ultra sound travel at high speed through ---[c] -----&materials containing high water content 279

a] cornea &lens b] cornea &aqueous c] water 10. The speed of ultra sound through vitreous is (c) a] 153.3 m/s b] 15.30 m/s c] 1532 m/s 11. Biometric information is fed into the----- [b] ---- to calculate the IOL power a] one formula b] variety of formula c] two formula 12. A Pseudophakia as can measure an eye that (b) a] does not have a lens b] has an IOL plane c] a, b 13. Velocity of sound in cataract us lens is ... (b)... a] 1640m/s b] 1629m/s c] 1532m/s 14. SRK II formula is......... (b)...... a] p= 1336(4r-d)/ (a-d) (4r-d) b] a-(2.5l – 0.9 k) c] a-(2.5l +0.9k) 15. Optical axis of the eye distance from.......... to.... (b).............. a] cornea-lens b] cornea –retina c] lens -retina 16. A normal k-reading value.............[c]........ a] 42.00 to 43.00d b] 42.50to 46.00d c] 43.00 to 45.00d 17. A normal axial length value...........[c].......... a] 24.00 to 25.00 mm b] 23.00 to 25.00mm c] 23.00 to 24.00mm 18. A scan biometry is also called................. [b]............... measurement a] k-reading b] axial length c] IOL power 19. Post lasik patient used formula.... [a]......... Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

a] haggis suite b] SRK- T c] hoffer q 20. Short eye ball used formula..........[c]...... a] haggis suite b] SRK-T c] hoffer q 21. Long eye ball used formula....... [b]......... a] haggis suite b] SRK –T c] hoffer q 22. Velocity of sound cornea...... [a]................. a] 1640 m/s b] 1532 m/s c] 1629 m/s 23. Velocity of sound normal lens........ [b]........... a] 1532 m/s b] 1640 m/s c] 1629 m/s 24. Velocity of sound aqueous.......... [a].......... a] 1532 m/s b] 1640m/s c] 1629 m/s 25. Velocity of sound cataract us lens ..........[c]................. a] 1532 m/s b] 1640 m/s c] 1629 m/s 26. Velocity of sound vitreous................ [a]........ a] 1532 m/s b] 1640 m/s c] 1629 m/s 27. Velocity of sound silicon .............[c]........... a] 1532 m/s b] 1640 m/s c] 900 m/s 27.--- [a]-image avoids problems from eye movements a] double image b] single image c] triple image 281

28.Keratometer measures only the central------- [a] ------ of the corneal diameter a]3mm b] 6mm c] 5mm 29. Optical axis of the eye distance from to.......... [a]............. a] cornea apex fovea b] cornea retina c] cornea to vitreous 30. It measure the size of image reflected from the corneal surface because cornea acts as….. [b]…....... a] concave mirror b] convex mirror c] double prism 31 In a cataractous lens, the speed of sound [a] a] decreases b] increases c]. does not change 32 .for a normal eye, the number of spikes seen in A scan is [b] a]5 b]4 c]3 33. Probe tip at a given frequency of approximately............... [.a]........... a] 10 MHz b] 5 MHz c] 20 MHz 34. Axial length means................ [b]........... a] anterior lens b] axial length c] axis of lens 35.In Immersion mode on gain of spike ........... [c]............. a] 3 b] 4 c] 5 36 In Immersion mode off gain of spike [a]............. a] 4 b] 5 c] 3 37. Keratometry provides an – [b] -- quantitative measurement of corneal astigmatism a] subjective b] objective c] manual Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

38. Keratometry is also helpful in determining the appropriate fitting of----[c] a] contactlens b] cornealcurvature c][a] & [b] 39. The measurement of the curvature of the anterior corneal surface is done by using the first---- [b]- a] central image b] purkinje image c] fleshier ring III. FILL IN THE BLANKS 1.A-scan biometry is called-------- (axial measurement) 2.Axial length measurement is combined with------ (keratometry) 3.-----probe projects a thin sound beam that travels through liquid or tissue (a-scan) 4.-----representing these reflections appear at their corresponding position along the baseline (spikes) 5.------is the distance from the corneal apex to the fovea (optical axis) 6. ------ comes into contact with the cornea either directly or through a liquid method (a-scan probe) 7.-----result in an artificial shortening of the axial eye length (corneal compression) 8.In A-scan biometry, one thin &---- (parallel sound beam) is emitted from the probe tip at a given frequency of approximately 10 MHz 9.------ is essentially consists of a keratometric reading, axial length anterior chamber depth (biometry) 10.Various theoretical formulas derived from the -------optics [geometrical] 11.------is the measurement of a patient’s central corneal curvature (keratometry) 12.Keratometry provides an objective, quantitative measurement of ------- (corneal curvature) 283

13.In Hirschberg test, the angle of manifest squint is estimated from the position of the …………reflection in the squinting eye (corneal) 14.In a keratometer, doubling of images avoids problems from …………….. Movements (eye) 15.In keratometer cornea acts as a------------- [convex] mirror 16.Ophthalmic ultrasonography uses the ------ or ------ [reflection, high frequency] 17.------ to define the outlines of ocular and orbital structure [sound waves] 18.Partial optical coherence tomography is the principle of ---- [a-scan] 19. ------is a one dimensional display [a-scan] 20.Normal BC-power----- [20.0d to22.0d] 21.Normal mode to pseudoapakic mode variation ---- [10mm to 20mm] 22.------myopia patient axial length is normal [lenticular] 23.Cataract with astigmatism patient is advised to use----- [toriclens.] 24.A scan means………. [Amplitude of scan.] 25.……….. [Ultrasonography] uses the reflection or echoes of high frequency sound waves to define the outlines of ocular and orbital structures. 26.Ultra sound procedures are divided into two types ………… [1. a scan ultrasonography 2. b scan ultrasonography.] 27.A scan is a ……….. [One dimensional display ] 28.A scan probe projects a thin sound beam that travels through …… [Liquid or tissue] 29.Optical axis of the eye distance from …… [Corneal apex to fovea ] 30.An ultra sound beam will not pass through in……….. (Foreign body) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

31. Corneas compression caused by excessive pressure from the probe will cause ………..[Artificial shortening] of the axial length. 32.4mm compression error can result in ………. [1diapter] error in the calculated IOL power. 33.Velocity of sound: a]. cornea -1640m/s b] aqueous -1532m/s c].normal lens -1640m/s d] cataractous lens -1629m/s e].vitreous -1532m/s f].aphakic -1532 g.pseudophakic -1548m/s silicon – 900m/s 34.A scan probe tip at a given frequency of approximately …… [10 MHz] 35.Biometry essentially consists of a ………… [Keratometric reading] and ultra-sonic measurement of ……….. [Axial length and anterior chamber depth] 36.Binkhorst formula ……………. [ p=1336 (4r-d)/(a-d)(4r-d) ] 37.Formula ………….. [SRK I, SRK II P= A-(2.5l-0.9k) ] 38.SRK t formula used…………. [Above 22.0mm al ] 39.Hypermetropic over correction …………… [Consecutive myopia] 40.Myopic under correction…. [Consecutive hypermetropia] 41.Silicon oil formula ……………… [0.71 x present axial length] 42.Lasik formula ………………. [Prek – 1.135 (pre k – post k) ] 43.A scan inventer ……………… [Louis kraft] 44.IOL invented by ………. [Harold Ridley] 45.Cataract invented by ……….. [sushruta] 285

46.Tthe central thickness of lens in ………… [3.6mm] 47.Refractive index of the lens……….[ 1.42] 48.ACD normal value is……………[ ac 2.5mm to 3.5mm] 49.Anterior posterior diameter of eye …..[ 23mm vertical, horizontally 23.50mm] 50.The cornea diameter in12mm………[ horizontal 11.5mm vertically] 51. The cornea thickness center ………..[0.50mm ]……….peripheral [1mm]52.The radius of cornea curvature ………………..[7.8mm] 52.The refractive index of cornea………..[1.37] 53.The cornea dioptric power……………[ +43.0ds to 45.0ds] 54.Wrong IOL calculation formula ……………[p-(exert)] 55.Restore is………………… (Multifocal lens) 56.Probe tip rays ……………….[lyzo cryzal] 57.IOL calculation used formula is…………[ SRK I, SRK II, Haigus suit, haffer q] 58.Keratometer size of image depends on ,…………[ the distance of the object 2.the curvature of the cornea] 59.Vertical meridian is more curvature then horizantal is called……………[ with rule astigmatism] 60.Horizantal meridian is more curved than vertical is called………………[ against rule astigmatism] 61.Normal base curve value…………………..[ 7.5] 62.Normal keratometer value…………[+44.0d to +45.0ds] 63.Normal axial length…………………[ 23 to 24mm] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

64.RD patient have ……………………[ decreased axial length] 65.Keratometer measured the ………[ curvature of the central part of the cornea] 66.Keratometer other name………………[ ophthalmometer] 67. Relationship between radius of curvature and dioptric power of the cornea formula-------- ----------(D = n-1/r). 68. Keratometer measures only the……[ central 3mm of the cornea diameter] 69.Flat cornea is………….[ below 40 D] 70.Steep cornea………………………….[ above 50 D ] 71.Above 52……………[ +1.25Ds power is neutrilize add +6.0d] 72.Below 36 ………[-1.25Ds power is neutrilize less -6.0Ds] 73.43.00x180, 45.50x90……[ with rule astigmatism] 74..45.50x180, 44.00x90............................. [against rule astigmatism] 75. Keratometer invented by ..(Hellman von Helmholtz in 1851) 76.Base curve value…………………………[ 6.4 to 9.4] 77.Corneal calculation using radius of curvature formula ….[ D=(n-1)/r] 78.[Increase the axial length]…………… in silicon oil injection patient 79.IOL master company name…………………[ Zeiss] 80.Binkhorst formula…………………… [P=1336 (4r-d)/(a-d) (4r-d)] 81.The normal AC depth is………………………… [2.5mm to 3.5mm] 82.A scan is a…………………….[ contact ]method 83.The model cornea gel is …….[liqyuasonic ultra sound gel] 287

84.[.Von Helmholtz keratometer, javal schiotz keratometer] …………are the types of keratometer 85.[Nikolos mol]…………………are invented the refraction 86.[Susurthur]…………………….discovered cataract 87.[Catoptic image]…………is the 4 circle of keratometer 88. Keratometer measures the refractive status of a very small central area of cornea----------- ------------- (3 to 4mm) 89. CCT abbreviation is………[ central corneal thickness ] 90. The value of k1=43.00, k2= 40.0 and 00000al=21.0 how is it used SRK II formula 91.A-Scan biometry is also called….[ axial length measurement.] 92. Keratometer used to measure the…………[ corneal curvature.] 93. Stony reflections also occurs as the sound beam encounters the posterior lens surface and the ……………………..[retina ] 94. Axis passing through ………..[corneal apex] to the fovea. 95.4mm compression error can result in a……[ 1 Diopter] error in the calculated IOL power 96. In A-scan biometry thin and parallel sound beam is emitted from the probe tip at given frequency of approximately……………[ 10MH] 97. Biometric information is fed into variety of formula to calculate two types………….. [Theoretical formula, Regression formula.] 98. Theoretical formula based on 3 variables, the………………….[ axial length of the eye ball, Keratometry reading, The estimated post-operative AC depth.] 99. Binkhrost formula: …………………[P = 1336(4r-d)(a-d)4r-d).] 100. SRK II formula is…………………..[ P = A-2.5l- 0.9K.] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

101. SRK expansion ……………………..[Sanders Ratleff Kraft.] 102. Other name of Keratometry is………………….[Ophthalmometry.] 103. Keratometry is also helpful in determining the appropriate fitting of……[ Contact lens.] 104. Keratometry determines ………[corneal curvature] by measuring the size of the reflected ……………..[mire.] 105. The radius scale is determined and diopter scale is derived from the radius the formula for surface power……………[ D = (n-1),(n = 1.3375 standardized refractive index of the cornea.] 106. When an object is in front of the cornea a virtual image is seen inside the…………… [Convex mirror.] 107. Velocity of sound in cornea is ………………[1640m/s.] 108. Velocity of sound in Aqueous is …………..[1532m/s.] 109. Velocity of sound in normal lens is …………….[1640m/s] 110. Velocity of sound in cataractous lens is ……………[1629m/s. 111. Velocity of sound in vitreous is …………………..[1532m/s.] 112. Company name of the Pac-Scan machine…[Sonomed.] 113. Company name of the Keratometry ………[Baush&Lomp) 114. The start base curve of K reading is--------------- (6.4 to 9.4) 115. The Velocity of the aphakia eye is------------------------(1532 m/s) 116. The name of the Pac scan company ----------------------(sonomed) 117. The velocity of the pseudophakic eye is ----------------- (1532m/s) 118. The velocity of the cataract eye is---------------- (1629m/s) 289

119. The probe light rays name is -------------(dio crystal electro waves) 120.The other name of the Ascan spike is-------------- 121. The uses of Ascan ----------. --------.(IOL calculation ,AXL measurement) 122 .Against rule Astigmatism example-------------- (45 x 43 180 axis). 123. ----------------the invented IOL (Sir Harold Rudely) 124.With rule Astigmatism example-------------(43 x 45 90 º axis 125. ----------------astigmatism is there in pterygium patient (against rule) 126. --------------, ---------------. -------------is types of IOL (Monofocal, Multifocal, Trifocal) 127. The model cornea gel is used to ------------ (checked calibration) 128. --------------, ----------------is the type of keratometer (Automated, Handheld, and Manual) 129. -------------is the 4 circle of keratometer (mires) 130. In Ascan formula L is the--------------------- (Axial length) 131. SRK II formula P= ------------------- [A-(2.5L-0.9K)] 132. Optical axis of the eye is distance from ---------------- [corneal apex to fovea] 133. Corneal compression caused by excessive pressure from the probe will cause ------------ axial length [short] 134. The standard deviation is ------------------ [below 0.04mm] 135. The range of Keratometer base curve value------------------ (6.4mm) to ------------ (9.4mm) 136. First sensation of the object ----------[cornea] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

diopters). 137. Megalo cornea , keratometer value will be --------------------(High). 138 .Micro cornea , Keratometer value will be ----------------- (Low) 139.Range of Keratometer diopter value-------[(36) to (52) Diopers.] IV.TRUE OR FALSE 1.Ultrasonography DetectS Tumours&Determining The Their Size Of The Eye (True) 2.Ultra Sound Procedure Are Divided Into Three Types (False) 3.Amplitude Scan Is A One Dimensional Display (True) 4.Axial Length Only needed to detect IOL power (False) 5.The Optical Axis Of The Eye Is Distance From The Corneal Apex Of The Choroid (False) 6.Ultra Sound Travels At Different Speeds Through Materials Of Same Densities (False) 7.The Artificial Shortening Of The Axial Eye Length Is A Potential Source Of Significant Error (True) 8.Keratometer Measure The Central 6mm Of The Corneal Diameter (False) 9.Normal Axial Length 25.33mm (False) 10.Regression Formula Of Iol Calculation Is Based Upon The Patient’s Old Glass Prescription (False) 11.SRK-T Formula Is Considered To Be Most Accurate For The Eyes Between 24.00mm To 28.00mm Long (True) 12.The Image Formed By The Keratometer On The Cornea Are Based On The Principle Of Purkinge Samson Image (True) 13.Headaches In The Frontal Area Is Due To Convergence Deficiency [ True] 291

14.Frequency Of Approximately............... [.A]...........Toric IOL Is Preferred For Patients With Corneal Astigmatism –[ True] 15.SRK–Formula Is A Theoretical Formula.-[False] 16.Susurthur discovered Cataract [True] 17.Herold Redly The Invented PAL [False] 18.Ascan Echos; Probe, Anterior Surface Of The Cornea, Posterior Surface Of The Cornea, Anterior Surface Of The Lens, Posterior Surface Of The Lens, Retinal Echos, Orbit Echos [True] 19.Below 36 Is The Keratometer Reading Of Megalocornea [True] 20.With The Rule Astigmatism Is There In Pterygium Patient [False] 21.Varifocal, Single Vision, Bifocal areTypes Of IOL [False] 22. Nikolaos Mol Is Invented The Contactlens [False] 23.Von Helmholtz Keratometer, Javal Schoiotz Keratometer are The Types Of Keratometer [True] V.MATCH THE FOLLOWING - Axial length - IOL power 1 A-scan - A-scan 2 A-scan formula - Cornea to retina 3 Sound beam - A-scan probe 4 Optical axis - Purkinje image 5 Corneal compression - Keratometry 6 Keratometry - Iol power 7 Corneal curvature - Keratometer 8 Binkhost formula - Convex mirror 9 Doubling prism 10 Cornea Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

11 Radius scale - Diopter scale 12 Axial length - Short eye 13 Radius - Measurement 14 Keratometry reflection - Mire 15 ‘A’ constant - 118.5 VI . UNSCRAMBLE - Potential 1 oetaptnil - Compression 2 cmrsinosepo - Significant 3 infcntaiigs - Materials 4 mtrasliea - Vitreous 5 irosvteu - Structure 6 srcuetutr - Theoretical 7 hoetclteria - Calculate 8 cluaeaclt - Estimation 9 tiatnasmao - Regression 10 ersinrgeso - Binkhorst 11 inortbkhs - Purkinje 12 ukneprij - Curvature 13 uratecvar - Standardized 14 tadadiedsnrz - Problems 15 prblmose - Additional 16 aditonldia - Horizontal 17 orzotalnih - Lubricating 18 ubictiglran - Ultrasonography 19 gytluarroosnpha - Axial 20 ixlal - Diopter 21 otptire - Ultrasound 22 sdluonuadr 293

VII.2MARK 1.Write About The A-Scan (Pg 86) 2.How Many Types Of Ultrasonography? 3.Write About The Reflectivity (Pg 86) 4.What Is Optical Axis? (Pg 86) 5.Write About The Complication Of Corneal Compression? (Pg 86, 87) 6.Write About The Speed Of Ultrasound Through The Structure Of The Eye (Pg 87) 7.Define The A-Scan Spike (Pg 87) 8.How Many Formulas Used In A-Scan? (Pg 87) 9.What Is The Use Of Keratometer? (Pg 88) 10.Principle Of The Keratometry? (Pg 88) 11.Principle Of IOL Master? 12.The Value Of K1=43.00, K2=40.00 And Al=21.0 How Is It Used in SRK II Formula? 13.The RX= -2.50ds, RT= -1.0ds And P=+24.0ds How Is It Used Wrong IOL Calculation? 14.The Silicon Oil Injection All Is 30.50mm how is it Used To SRK II Formula What Is IOL Power? 15. The Pre K Is K1=40.50, K2=42.50 And Post k (k1=39.0ds, k2=41.0ds) what is used post lASIK IOL calculation? . VIII.5MARK Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

1.Explain About The Amplitude Of Scan (Pg 88) 2.How To Calculate The IOL Power With Biometry &Formula (Pg 87,88 3.Explain About The Keratometry (Pg 88 To 90) 4.Write About The Step-By-Step Procedure In Keratometry (Pg 89) 5. How To Recording The Keratometry Measurement (Pg 89) 6. Given +1.0 D Sph / +2.0 D Cyl X 180 (+6 Base), Give The Base Curve, Spherical Surface , Power, Cylindrical Surface Power, And The Final Prescription Using Toric Transposition (Pg 105) 7. Explain Documentation Of Retinoscope Values For The Following Diagnosis. LE – Myopia, RE – Compound Myopic Astigmatism BE – Mixed Astigmatism LE – Simple Hypermetropia Astigmatism (Axis 105°), RE – Hypermetropia BE – High Myopia BE- Presbyopia, Different Powers 8. Given +1.0 D Sph / +2.0 D Cyl X 180⁰(+6 Base), Give The Base Curve, Spherical Surface Power, Cylindrical surface power and the final prescription using toric transposition IX. JUMPING WORD - Ultrasonography - Echoes 1 u-tr- -ono- -ap-- - Dimensional 2 e- -o-s 3 d- -en- -on-l 295

4 .-p-k- - Spike 5 a- -li- -d- - Amplitude 6 b- -me- -y - Biometry 7 a- -a- - Axial 8 a- -a-l- -gt- - Axial length 9 .-ea- -re- -nt - Measurement 10 k- - -tom- -ry - Keratometry 11 .-ow- - - power 12 i- -ra- -u-a- - - intraocular 13 .-e-s - lens 14 c- -a- -c- - cataract 15 .-u- -er- - surgery 16 .-ef- -ct- -it- - reflectivity 17 p- -b- - probe 18 s- -n-b- -m - soundbeam 19 p- -k- - - phakic 20 a- -eo- - - aqueous 21 .-n- - ri- - - - anterior 22 s- -f-c-e - surface 23 .-et- -a - retina 24 c- -n- - - cornea 25 o- -ic-la-i- - optical axis 26 a- -x - apex 27 .-o- -a - fovea 28 c-m-re- -io- - compression 29 p-e- -u-e - pressure 30 a-t- -i-i-l - artificial 31 e- -o- - error 32 v-l- -it- - velocity 33 p-r-l- -l - parallel 34 a- -ro-i-a-el- - approximately 35 c- -r- -d - choroid 36 o- -i- -l - orbital 37 d- -p- -r - diopter 38 s- -u-tu- -s - structures Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

39 -he- -eti- -l - theoretical 40 -e- - -ss-on - regression 41 f-r- -la- - formulae 42 g- -me- -ico- -ic- - geometricoptics 43 e- -e-r- -ia - emmetropia 44 b- -k-o- -t - binkhorst 45 .-o-i- -ca- -o- - modification 46 .- -ra- -met-r - - keratometry 47 san- -rs - sanders 48 .- -tz- -f- - retzlaff 49 k- -f- - kraft X.ENGLISH TO TAMIL வசீ ்சு அச்சு நளீ ம் 1. Amplitude தவகம் 2. Axial Length சுருக்கம் 3. Velocity வளளவு ஆரம் 4. Compression ேவீ ிர ஒலி 5. Curvature நிளலயாை 6. Ultra sound ஆழம் 7. Standard அேிக அேிர்வுகளள கூடிய சப்ே அளலகள் 8. Depth சாத்ேியைாை மூலம் 9. Ultrasonography தகாட்பாடு 10. Potential source பின்ைளைவு 11. Theoretical அடிக்கடி 12. Regressions 13. Frequency 297

WORK SHEET 1.How to select IOL power for children? 2.The adult axial length is reached about how many years after the baby is born ? 3.Name of probe is……….. 4.In a short eye ball patient increase of 1mm axial length will be lead to a …. Power change. 5. In a long eye ball patient increase of 1mm axial length will be lead to a …. Power change. 6……….. formula seems to be significantly more accurate for extremely ………. Eye. 7.Hoffer –Q formula …………. 8.What is piggy back lens ? 9.AAL expansion…… 10.TAL expansion …… 11.PACD expansion …….. Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

CHAPTER - 11 CONTACT LENS 299

CHAPTER - 11 CONTACT LENS History Types and materials Advantage and disadvantage Fitting procedure Handling method Care and maintenance Complications I.ABBREVATION: Poly Metha Methyl Acrylate PMMA Hydroxy Ethyl Metha Acrylate HEMA Cellulose Acetate Butyrate CAB Base Curve BC Horizontal Visible Iris Diameter HVID Rigid Gas Permeable RGP Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore