CONSOLIDATED QUESTION BANK New

II.CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER 1.Contraindication for contact lens use is [c] A]Albinism B]Nystagmus C]dry eyes 2.Soft contact lenses are fitted larger than ........ diameter for[b] A]Sclera B] Cornea C] a,b 3.Soft contact lenses are made up of ……[b]........ material A] hydrophobic B]hydrophilic C]gas permeable 4.Myopia can be corrected by........[b]........ A] base in prism B]contact lens C]retina laser 5.Contact lenses used for pthisical eye are called.......[a]...... A]prosthetic lenses B]special lenses C]therapeutic lenses 6.Give an example of orthoptic use of lens-----[a] A]Amblyopia B]albinism C]myopia 7.soft lenses are made up of ---[a]-------materials A]silicone B]butylstyrene C]cellulose acetyl butyrate 8.--- [a]---patient should not use contact lens A]bullous keratopathy B]amblyopia C]Ptosis 9.The power of a contact lens for myopia is ……[c]…..than that of spectacle A]Equal to B]More than C]Less than III. FILL IN THE BLANKS 1.......is smallest,leastvisible for correcting refractive error [Contact lens] 2. Contact lens to correct the.............[ refractive error] 3. A majority of people use contact lens For ........ ( Cosmetic Purposes ) 4. Contactlens Inventor ......... ( Leonardo Da vinci ) 301

5.......Produced an unique contact lens to correct Keratoconus (Zeis) 6.Willium feinbloom an american used plstic...... (Corneal Contact Lens ) 7. Trial lens aurthor .......... ( 1929 Heine ) 8.soft contact lens which is madeup of ...... ( hydrophilic material ) 9. Advandage of Contact lens ...... ( good cosmetic appearance ) 10.Myopia is ......... indication of contact lens use ( optical ) 11.Aniseikonia is ........ indication of contact lens use ( orthoptic uses ) 12.Albinism is ..... indication of contact lens use( special uses ) 13.Bullous keratopathy is ....... ( Therapeutic indication ) 14.Pthisical eye is the ........ indication ( prosthetic uses ) 15.Dry eye is the ...... ( contra indication ) 16.Soft contact lens are ........ contact lens ( flexible ) 17.Soft contact lens are made up ...... ( hema ) 18.Soft contact lens are more comfortable than rigid lens because of their soft qualities and their ability to ..... ( flex on blinking ) 19.Advandage of soft contact lens ...... ( less glare and photophobia ) 20.Semi soft contact lens are ....... lens ( gas permeable ) 21.Semi soft contact lens are made of .............. ( oxygen , carbondioxide ) 22.Material of semi soft contact lens ....... ( Cellulose Acetyl Butyrate ) 23.Advandage semi soft contact lens ...... ( longer wearing time ) 24.Hard contact lens is made up ...... ( pmma ) 25.Hard lens provides oxygen only by means of the .... ( tear push up ) 26.Stages of Fitting producers ....... ( 5 ) 27.Normal keratometer value ........ ( 44.0 d to 45.0 d ) 28.HVID ........ ( horizontal visible iris diopter ) 29.How many steps of insertion and removal for soft contact lens.....(12) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

30.Remove the lens for cleaning and........ ( sterilizing ) 31.Hold the upper lid by the index finger and the lower lid by the middle finger...... technique (scissor) 32.Care and maintence can prevent potentials sight........ infections (destroying) 33.Low add for near vision means ……[below +1.75ds] & high add for near vision means ………[above+1.75ds] 34.Multifocal lens near vision lens available in………[ low add,high add] 35.After cleaning the lens should be...... (rinsed) 36.The rinsing procedure helps to remove the loosened........ and some microorganisms. (deposits) 37.Disinfecting storageare....... types (two) 38.Thermal disinfection should be placed in the case with....... saline solution) 39.The lens heated to.... degree for ... minutes (70 -80, 10 – 20 ) 40........ based solutions are used for disinfection (hydrogenperoxide) 41.This is reasonably effective within....... minute (10 – 15 minute) 42.These disinfecting solution are also used for (storage) 43.Hypoxic related problems such as........(cornealedema, spk) 44.Allergic related problems include..... (hyperemia) 45.Care andmaintence......... steps (15) 46. …...... was first conceived by leonardo de vinci [contact lens] 47.............permit oxygen to diffuse in and co2 to diffuse out [gas permeable lens] 48.In keratometry, the cornea acts as a …............[ convex mirror] 49.For corneal protection after surgery............can be used[contact lens] 50.Soft contact lenses are fitted larger than the corneal diameter to maintain good ………and ………( centration, stability ) 51.Silicon acrylate is used for making …........contact lenses ( semi-soft ) 52.Diameter of soft contact lens should be.........[1.5mm]more than the limbus. 303

53.Group 4 type of lens is ……….[high water & ionic (accvue lenses)] 54.Semi soft contact lens is called...............[gas permeable lens] 55.Irregular astigmatism can be corrected by.....................[ contact lens] 56.Contact lens invented by………. [leonardo da vinci] in 1508 57.The first plastic corneal contact lens was introduced in 1947 by ……….[ kevin touhy.] 58.Group3type of lens is ……[low water & ionic (pure vision)] 59.Types of contact lens are ....[soft hydro gels, gas permeable lens (rgp), and hard contact lens.] 60.Material of soft contact lens is………[hydraxy ethyl metha acrylate] 61.Advantage of soft contact lens is ………[less glare and less photophobia] 62.Other name of semi soft contact lens is ………..[rigid gas permeable] 63.Material of semi soft contact lens is……….[cellulose acetyl butyrate] 64.Gas permeable lens in a spheric form can correct……… [up to 5 diopters of astigmatism.] 65.Hard contact lens is made up of………[ poly methyl metha acryl ate.] 66.[oxygen permeability]……….. of hard contact lens is almost nil. 67.Fitting steps ……..[keratometry value, corneal diameter, power, base curve] 68.Minus lenses become……….[ less] minus when changed from spectacle to contact lens. 69.Plus lens become ……….[more ]plus when changed from spectacle to contact lens. 70.Main types of soft contact lens are ……….[.optical, therapeutic, and cosmetic.] 71.Soft contact lens correct……….[ small amount] of astigmatism. 72.[less than 50%.]....... of water content is the low water content. 73.[more than 50%] ………of water content is the high water content. 74.[keratoconus and irregular astigmatism]……can correct by rgp lens. 75.Advantages of contact lens are……… [magnification, decreased peripheral & chromatic aberration, increase the size of visual field.] 76.Indications of the contact lens is ……….[.optical, orthoptic, special uses, therapeutic,prosthetic, surgical.] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

77.Contraindication of contact lens is ………[.dry eye, uncontrolled diabetic, pterygium.] 78.Advantages of soft contact lens are …………[comfortable, long time use, less glare,photophobia.] 79.Group 2 type of lens is ……[high water & non ionic (sl 59,sl 66)] 80...............described a method of fitting contact lens since1929[Heine] 81................produced a fitting set of contact lens for used to correct ……….[keretoconus since 1920] 82.The Rohm and Hass company introduced …......... (Transparent methyl methacrylate) 83.The first plastic corneal contact lens was invented by …....since 1947 [Kevin Touhy] 84.Group 1 type of lens is……… [low water & non ionic (optima 38,traditional)] 85.The advantage of contact lens is decreased......... ( Peripheral and Chromatic aberrations ) 86.The indication of the contact optical uses for to treat ….... , …........ [Hypermetropia,Myopia] 87.Special indication of contact lens is to correct........, ….......... [Aniridia,Albinism] 88.Thrapeutic uses of contact lens is......... , …....... , …............. [Bullous keratopathy,Corneal ulcer] 89.After refractive surgery contat lens is used for ....... ( Corneal protection ) 90.Prosthetic uses of contact lens.........., …........ [Pthysical eye , Coneal opacity] 91.Contra indication of contact lens..........................[Dry eye,lid problems,Blepharitis] 92.There are ....... type of lens ( 3 ) 93..................is flexible contact lens composed of either hydrogel or silicon material[Soft CL] 94.Soft contact lens made of …...............[HEMA] 95.Semi soft contact lens is called also …..................[Plastic] 97.Semi soft contact lens is made up of.................[CAB,Silicon acrylate] 305

98.Hard contact lens is made up of......................[PMMA] 99.Hard contact lens is called also.............[non gas permeable] 100.RGP abbreviation …..................[Rigid gas permeable] 101.Types of fda group classification………[ group 1, group 2, group3& group 4] 102................aberration is there in plus lens[Chromatic lens] 103.Multifocal contact lens having two dimensional vision is............... [Distance,near] 104.The types of prosthetic lens is...................[4 ] 105........................is the types of “d” grade contact lens[Prosthetic] 106.Full of brown colour, centre plane is the types of..............grade contact lens [Type C] 107.“b” grade contact lens is ….................[Therapeutic lens] 108.....................grade contact lens is full of black colour[Type D] 109.The treatment of corneal ulcer is....................[Bandage contact lens] 110. …...........contact lens is used rp patient & colour deficiency patient [X-Chrome colour ] 111. ….....................lens is the tri curve lens ( Rose K ) 112.Rose k lens is used for …...............[Keratoconus] 113.Colour contact lens can be used in which patient .....( Phtisical , Corneal opacity ) 114.BCL abbreviation is …...............[Bandage contact lens] 115. …..........used for glaucoma, corneal ulcer patient 116.Who invented contact lens&which year...................(leonardo da vinci 1508) 117.HEMA expansion....................(hydroxy ethyl metha acrylate) 118.Which materiyals used in semi soft lens...........(cellulose acetyle butyrate) 119.Contact lens is a….............................(thin plastic waper) 120.Hard lens wearing time..........................(8 hours per day) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

121.Soft lens to correct …...................astigmatism.(below 1.00cyl) 122.Disposable introduced in …...............year.(1987) 123.Types of toric contact lens...................(front ,back ,bi toric) 124.What is piggy pack method &which pt advised piggy pack lens............(soft over semi soft&keratoconus pt over irritation complaint) 125.What is multifocal lens......................(dist, intermediate&near vn) 126.Monthly disposable contact lens cost.....................(845/-for 41/2 months) 127.PHMB………[poly hexa methyl bigumid] 128.Which pt used semi soft lens...............(keratoconus &above 3.00cyl) 129.RGP expansion....................(Regid gas permeable) 130.Soft lens fitting steep k .................(add 0.8mm) 131.GPC expansion....................(gaint papillary conjunctivitis) 132.BCL expansion.................(bandaged contact lens) 133.Colour vision deficiency pt advised …..............lens(x chrome lens) 134.Which lens used corneal opacity pt................(prostheticlens) 135.Rose k lens make......................curved(tri) 136.Who invented soft contact lens ………[Otto Wichterle] 137.Which instruments is used to measure corneal curvature…….. [keratometer] 138.Types of contact lens ………[soft, semi soft, hard] 139.What is HVID ……….[Horizontal Visible Iris Diameter] 140.Expand HEMA…….. [Hydroxyl Ethyl Metha Acryl ate] 141.Which types of manufacturing methods reduced thickness………[spin casting] 142.Hard lens material ……..[PMMA-poly methyl metha acrylate] 143.-6.00/-2.00*180 spherical equalent is ……….[.-7.00 ds] 144.Expand bcl………..[bandage contact lens] 145.Manufacturing methods ………[lath cutting ,spin easting,cast moulding] 307

146.Which lens we will give in astigmatism pt…….[ toric] 147.Thermal disinfection is heated……[. 70-80] degree celsius 148.Expand cab-……..[cellulose acetyl butyrate] 149.Soft lens adaptation time ………[10-15 minutes] 150.Semi soft contact lens adaptation…….. [30 minutes] 151.Soft lens wearing time………[10-15 hours] 152.Soft lens material ………[hema] 153.Semi soft lens given by…….. [keratoconus ]patients 154.Which lens we will give in presbyopic pt ……[multifocal, bifocal] 155.Corneal CL material ………[PMMA] 156.Which patients we will give prosthetic cl corneal ……..[opacity, leucoma] 157.[1948-kevin touchy]……… devoloped first corneal cl 158.Which are the most common deposits found in soft contact lens ……[protein, lipid] 159.What is the character having soft contact lens ……….[good flexible] 160.Conventional lens………[ material hydroxy ethyl metha acrylate, poly macon] 161.Conventional lenses wearing schedule ……….[10 to 12 hours / day] 162.Conventional lens power available in ………[..(±0.50 to ±30.00 ds)] 163.Conventional lens complications ……..[spk,keratitis] 164.Problems of conventional lens …….[.more deposit] 165.Disposable lenses lanched in……….. [1987 ,1 to 2 week s ] 165.Hydranate material minimizes ……[.less protine deposite] over contact lens 167.Daily disposable lenses lanched in ……….[1990] 168.Disadvantages of monthly disposable lenses.................... [up to -15.00ds&-2.75dcyl] 169.Disposable means ………[use & throw lenses] 170.SCL expansion………. [ scleral contact lens] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

171.Fitting procedure……….. [corneal coverage , centration,lensmovement, comfort, vision] 172.Who is describe the concept of contact lens ……[leonardo da vinci] 173.Steep fit is…….. [vision clears after blink] 174.Flat fit is ……….[vision blurs after blink] 175.[Multifocal contact lens]……… is power changes gradual from center to edge of the optic zone 175.Extended wear contact lens uses …………[excellent oxygen permeability,bandage contact lens theraphy ] 176.CL uses ……….[cosmetic ,sportic activities therapeutic uses] 177.Hard CL material……….. [poly methyl metha acrylate] 178.Semi soft CL material……..[cellulose acetyl butyrate fluro silicon] 179.Soft CL material……..[hydroxy ethyl metha acrylate silicon polymers] 180.[soft contact lenses ]……..are the most popular type of cl used now a days 181.Advantages of soft cl……….[. better vision ,good comfort, easier to fit,suitable for most of the patients] 182.Contact lens Diameter should be selected ….. more [1.00 to 2.00mm] than corneal diameter 183.SE expansion ……[spherical equivalent] 184.Soft lens base curve add ……[1.00mm] in average 185.K-reading or add……..[0.2mm] with flatter k-reading in RGP lens 186.RGP lens good oxygen permeability than……..[ soft lens] 187.RGP lens used in special corneal condition like……..[ keratoconus high &irregular astigmatism] 188.RGP lenses advantages …………[increased comfort,excellent long term comfort,reduced corneal edema,spectacle blur &over wear syndrome] 189.The base curve of the initial lens should be slightly steeper than the flattest meridian ………[RGP]lens 190.CL advandages…….. [field of vision is good,decreased abberations ,no diplopia] 191.CL special uses …………[nystagmus,albinism,aniridia] 309

192.Contact lens optical indications ……….[.hypermetropia, myopia,aphakia,astigmatism,keratoconus,presbyopia] 193.Contact lens orthoptic uses…….. [anisekonia,anisometropia,amblopia(occlusion)] 194.Contact lens therapeutic uses ………[bullous keratopathy,cornealulcer] 195.Contact lens advantages…….. [less glare & photophobia] 196.RGP permeability of ……..[ Oxygen more ] than the other lens 197.contact lens shoud be changed in ……….[daily] wear contact lens 198.If the lens is not used daily solution should be changed once in……… [two days] 199.The lens should not be kept with out solution because it will get…………[ dried &the lens will be ruind] 200.Multifocal cl available power……[+0.50to+6.00ds&-0.50-9.00 ds] 201.While wearimg the lens avoid sitting under the………. [fan orwindy places] 202.While traveling………. [plain glass or sun glass] should be worn over contact lens 203.The lens case should be washed……….. weekly &should be changed ………[once in three months] 204.Contact lens complications allergic related problems include …………[.hypermia , sterile infiltrates &gaint papillary conjunctivitis] 205.Types of prosthetic contact lens …………[.type a,type b,type c,type d] 206.……… lens are used to correct myopia [Ortho k lens] 207.Keratoconus best option ……….[semisoft contact lenses] 208.Keratoconus advanced treatment ………[.rose k ]contact lens 209.Toric contact lens is made by ………[.prism ballast] 210.Polaxamine material minimizes ……[less lipid deposite ] over contact lens 211.TBE expansion – …….[.Tetra Butyl hydoxy cyclo hexyl methyl methacrylate] 212.Taco test means ……….[correct position checking method] 213.Soft lens solution available in ………….[.renu multi plus, renu sensitive,bio true,complete] 214.Renu multiplus containe………..[polaxamine,hydranate] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

IV.TRUE OR FALSE 1.Contact lens correct the higher degree refractive error only(false) 2.Contact lens used for cosmetic purpose only(false) 3.The contact lens need not be kept in a solution for shorter durations (True) 4.Contact lens is used for refractive correction only(false) 5.Dry eye patient used for contact lens(true) 6.Soft contact lenses are fitted larger than the corneal diameter. (True) 7.The power of a contact lens in higher than glasses for a minus lens.(False) V.UNSCRAMBLE - VISIBLE 1 ILISBEV - INTEGRAL 2 CCSEITMO - LEONARDO 3 DEOOANRL - CHROMATIC 4 AOICMHRCT - ORTHOPTIC 5 OOTTCIHPR - ANIRIDIA 6 AAIIIDRN - COLOBOMA 7 OOOAMLEB - THERAPEUTIC 8 CUITEPETHRA - PTHISICAL 9 IITPHSALC - OPACITY 10 ICAPOYT - PROTECTION 11 OOCTTENRPI - BLEPHARITIES 12 IIEPHBASTLR - HYPHEMA 13 AYMHEPH - HYDROGEL 14 GRODYHEL - FLEXIBLE 15 LLEEIXBF - SILICON 16 IILONCS - POLYMERS 17 ERSMYIOP - MATERIAL 18 AARETIML - OPTIMUM 19 MMPUITO - PHOTOPHOBIA 20 PPHHOOOBIAT - PERMIABLE 21 EECAMBLPR 311

22 LLICREAG - ALLERGIC 23 IIDNAERM - MERIDIAN 24 RAYTMOETK - RAYTMOETK 25 EMROEV - REMOVE 26 SNEIR - RINSE 27 RDEMTEIA - DIAMETER 28 HDEMTO - METHOD 29 GHDIALNN - HANDLING 30 PSOMSREC - COMPRESS 31 NSCOTOUI - SOLUTION VI.Explain following 1.Definition of contact lens 2.History of contact lens 3.Advantages of contact lens 4.List the type &materials of contact lens 5.Define soft contact lens 6.Advantages of soft contact lens 7.Define semi soft contact lens & its materials 8.Advantages of semi soft contact lens 9.Define hard contact lens 10.Define scissor technique 11.On what basis is diameter of a contact lens determined by HVID? 12.In Push-up test for assessing the tightness of the lens, 100% represents : 13.What all characteristics should a well fitting soft lens show? 14.What parameter needs to be changed to make a steep fit lens flatten? Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

15.Name one external ocular factor which will not have an influence on lens fit? 16.visibility tint in a soft contact lens is for: 17.What is considered a normal blink rate? 18.Blepharitis is an inflammation of which ocular adenexa? 19.What is the average amount of overnight corneal edema in normal eyes without contact lenses? 20.Which slit lamp technique is best for observing endothelial blebs? 21.Which slit lamp technique provides the best view of corneal neovascularisation? 22.A patient has a spectacle refraction of –9.00 D at a vertex distance of 12 mm. If we wanted to fit this patient with contact lenses, what back vertex power (BVP) would be required for the contact lens? 23.Who is said to be the first person to describe the concept of a contact lens? 24.Who invented soft contact lenses? 25.Which manufacturing method is normally used for low volume production and custom- made soft contact lenses? 26.What is the most important reason for a soft contact lens to show adequate movement on the eye? 27.A patient has a horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID) if 11.5 mm. What total lens diameter would be MOST suitable when fitting this patient with soft contact lenses? 28.What are the characteristics of a soft contact lens fit that is too tight 29.Name the characteristics of FDA classified group 2 materials. 30.Hydroxyl Ethyl Methacrylate(HEMA) belongs to which FDA group classification 31.According to FDA, a soft contact lens material with 45% water content is classified as 32.Which is the most preferred contact lens manufacturing process employed for disposable contact lenses? 33.Which instrument is used to measure corneal curvature? 34.EOP in contact lenses stands for: 35.Dk in contact lens terminology stands for: 36.Which modality approves contact lens wear for up to 30 days without removal? 313

37.The cells of which corneal layer are tightly joined together and serve as a natural barrier towards microorganism invasion to the cornea? 38.A slit lamp biomicroscope is mainly used to see which segment of eye? 39.write advantages of direct ophthalmoscope over indirect ophthalmoscope 40.Which instrument is most important for fitting soft contact lenses? 41.Holden-Mertz (1984) criteria states that the minimum Dk/t required for extended wear is: 42.Holden-Mertz (1984) criteria states that the minimum Dk/t required for Daily wear is: 43.What are advantages of cast molding manufacturing method? 44.Dk value of a material is defined as: 45.If a trial lens shows no significant post blink movement, what should practitioner do first? 46.Which lens factor will not influence lens fit? 47.Which parameter changes will make greatest impact on tightening a lens fit? 48.An ideal fitting soft contact lens should show which objective and subjective attributes? 49.What contact lens power is closest to the ocular refraction of patient whose spectacle refraction is –6.00/-2.25 x 180? 50.Which is general health condition and associated treatments which can influence contact lens wear? 51.Tear break up time is an Invasive or non-invasive test? 52.Anterior-posterior diameter of normal adult human eyeball is: 53.Tear flow is aided by which ocular mechanism? 54.The refractive power of an emmetropic eye is about: 55.At birt the eye is usually myopic/ hypermetropia/ astigmatic or presbyopic? 56.1 mm decrease in the axial length of eyeball leads to hypermetropia of ? 57.In against the rule astigmatism, which principle meridian is more curved? 58.Accommodation is maximum at which age? 59.What are the disadvantages of a lens with greater central thickness? 60.What are disadvantages of soft contact lenses over RGP lenses? Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

61.According to rule of thumb, how much increase in base curve is needed if we increase Diameter of lens by 0.5 mm to keep the fit same as before? 62.What is the MOST important reason for wanting a lens to show adequate movement on the eye? 63.which is the most dangerous but rare complication of contact lens wear? 64.Disposables and PRP lenses 65.Which is the most preferred contact lens manufacturing process for disposable lenses? 66.The technology that represents a balanced integration of lens design, material properties and manufacturing process to achieve simplicity in lens fitting or refitting, with a single fitting parameter is called? 67.The first disposable lens launched in the year 1987 had which replacement schedule? 68.Basis the replacement schedule, which modality is not in the modality classification category of soft contact lens? 69.What is the single limitation of disposable/planned replacement lenses compared to conventional lenses? 70.What are advantages of UNIFIT technology? 71.What are the key characteristics in the design of SL 59 lenses? 72.The biggest advantage of UNIFIT technology to practitioner is ? 73.What are characteristics of Hilafilcon B material? 74.Which modality of disposable/Planned replacement lenses is the Best for occasional lens wearer? 75.What is advantage of UV protection with contact lenses? 76.patients who can benefit with Daily Disposable lenses are: 77.What is the average amount of spherical aberration reported in general population at 6 mm pupil size? 78.Which Daily disposable lens brand available in India has anterior aspheric optics to correct spherical aberrations? 79.Who all are ideal candidates for disposable lenses? 80.Native proteins in tears turn to denatured proteins due to exposure of which environmental factors? 315

81.Which contact lens wearing modality is best for person who has swimming as recreational sports? 82.Smooth transition between central curve and peripheral curve in soflens 59 is due to these design characteristics? 83.Which properties of soft contact lenses increase with increase in minus power? 84.What are the reasons for reduced visual acuity with over use of conventional lenses? 85.Which is the most common deposit found in hydrogel (soft) contact lens? 86.Which of the following FDA group of soft contact lens classification show minimum deposit on them? 87.Which of the following FDA group of soft contact lens classification show maximum protein deposits on them? 88.with equalized mass distribution design feature, soflens 59 is very suitable for new contact lens wearer because: 89.the moisturizing effect of solens daily disposable lenses is due to : 90.which of the following brands of daily disposable lenses available in India does not have a moisturizing ingredient in it? 91.name materials used in manufacturing of daily disposable lenses available in India. 92.which deposits on soft contact lenses do not originate from tear film? 93.all the daily disposable lens brands belongs to group IV of FDA classification EXCEPT: 94.which of the soft contact lens replacement schedule does not require any form of lens care and maintenance? 95.which of the soft contact lens replacement schedules would be MOST suitable for a patient who has a histoy of contact lens induced papillary conjunctivitis(CLPC)? 96.Model Questions for Module 4 97.Toric Soft Lenses 98.if one line image focuses on the retina while the other is formed in front of the retina, which type of astigmatism does it represents? 99.best spherical correction means: 100.if one line image focuses in front of the retina while the other is focused at back of retina, which type of astigmatism does it represents? Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

101.regular astigmatism refers toe the condition when the two principle meridians are: 102.prism ballast stabilization is based on which principle: 103.thinning of lens on superior and inferior areas is feature of which toric lens stabilization design? 104.soft toric lens markings is used to assess: 105.LARS rule in toric soft lens fitting stands for: 106.which toric lens manufacturing technique is BEST with regards to lens reproducibility? 107.what is the water content of soflens toric lenses? 108.which material is used in manufacturing of soflens toric lenses? 109.how much is the angular difference between two laser markings on soflens toric lenses? 110.soflens toric lenses belongs to which group as per FDA classification? 111.as per classification by magnitude, moderate astigmatism is represented by? 112.which edge design of soflens toric lenses facilitates smooth lens lid interaction? 113.consider a soft toric lens with a minus cylinder at axis 145. The steeper meridian of this lens will be at: 114.which strengthening monomer is added to soflens toric lens to enhance tear strength:? 115.what is the corneal astigmatism of an eye with the following keratometry readings: 7.63 mm (44.25 D) alnon 140 axis and 8.28 mm (40.75 D) along 50 axis. 116.a patient’s right eye has ocular astigmatism at axis 15. A trial contact lens placed on the eye rotates 10 degrees clockwise. What cylinder axis should be ordered for the final lens? 117.lens orientation and stabilisation with prism ballast toric soft lenses is achieved primarily through: 118.a toric soft contact lens with a BVP of –2.25/-2.50 x 45 has its greatest thickness in which meridian? 119.uncorrected astigmatism is far more likely to be acceptable by the patient if it is in: dominant eye/non-dominant eye? 120.a loose fitting soft toric lens will show which characteristics? 121.to get axis of the final lens, amount of rotation has to be added or subtracted according to LARS rule from: 317

122.what features of Lo-Torque design results in excellent rotational stability of soflens toric lenses? 123.which feature of Lo-Torque design imitates reverse geometry? 124.what factors play a important role in soft toric lens stability on the eye: 125.what is the procedure of transposition? 126.what is dynamic stabilisation technique? 127.which type of astigmatism shows an increase with increasing age? 128.a patient’s left eye has a spectacle refraction of –3.50/-1.50 x 160. A toric soft lens placed on this eye rotates 15 degrees anticlockwise. What cylinder axis should be ordered for the final lens? 129.a patients right eye has a spectacle refraction of –4.00/-1.75 x 20. A toric soft lens placed on this eye rotates 10 degrees clockwise. What should the cylinder axis of the final toric soft contact lens be? 130.what kind of astigmatism does this patient have if his spectacle Rx is –5.00/-2.00 x 80 degrees and keratometery values of 44.00/43.50 @ 90 degrees? 131.what is the water content of soflens toric lenses? 132.Lo-Torque in soflens torics means? 133.soflens torics is available in which base curves? 134.Diameter of soflens torics? 135.Model Questions for Module 5 & 6 136.Contact Lens care and Maintenance 137.Which 5 microorganisms are part of the standard set of microorganisms to test biocidal efficacy of multipurpose contact lens solutions (MPS)? 138.FDA does not require biocedal efficacy against which microorganism? 139.which contact lens care solution attribute do most Eyecare practitioners consider most important? 140.according to testing standards for biocedal efficacy of disinfecting solutions, what is the minimum log reduction required in cell numbers for FUNGI? Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

141.according to testing standards for biocedal efficacy of disinfecting solutions, what is the minimum log reduction required in cell numbers for BACTERIA? 142.which contact lens wear modality is not at reason for using contact lens care solution? 143.in a contact lens care solution, what is the role of surfactant? 143.in a contact lens care solution, what is the role of disinfectant? 144.what are the key factors for deposit formation on lens surface? 145.what are the disadvantages of hydrogen peroxide disinfection system? 146.what is the use of rewetting drops in contact lens wear? 147.the film produced by bacteria to protect the host cell and trap nutrients is called as ? 148.name the test to ensure the lens is correct side out? 149.at what temperature the contact lens solution be stored? 150.what is the function of hydranate in renu multiplus solution? 151.what is the function of DYMED in renu multiplus solution? 152.what is the function of Polaxamine in renu multiplus solution? 153.what action would you take for a contact lens with jelly bumb deposit? 154.heat based disinfection system uses heat in range of ? 155.what are normal adaptive symptoms of contact lens wear? 156.in contact lens induced papillary conjunctivitis, what changes you will see in upper tarsal conjunctiva? 157.which CL wear modality involves maximum risk of corneal infections? 158.pseudomonas aerigenosa is a bacteria/fungi/virus/protozoa? 159.what is the most common complaint of patient with CLARE (contact lens induced acute red eye)? 160.which contact lens complication is also called as 3 am syndrome? 161.what are the ocular signs seen in a patient who exhibits solution sensitivity? 162.which contact lens solution has least soaking time?FDA test required for a solution to be standard of NO RUB regimen is called? 319

163.what are the correct ways to manage case of solution sensitivity? 164.write 5 DO’s of contact lens wear? 165.write 5 DON’T’s of contact lens wear? VII.5MARK 1.Indication and contraindication of contact lens 2.explain about soft contact lens fitting 3.Insertion &removel for soft contact lens 4.Insertion&removel of hard contact lens 5.Care &maintenance of RGP lens 6.Care &maintenance of soft contact lens 7.Explain in detail about contact lens types and its maintenance. 8.Give indications and contraindications of contact lens. 9.Soft and hard contact lens advandage and disadvandage 10.Hard contact lens fitting VIII. ENGLISH TO TAMIL: 1. Advantage நன்ளை 2. Mechanism சபாறிமுளற 3. Aberration பிறழ்வு 4. Deposit படிேல் 5. Parameter அளவு 6. Multipurpose பல்தநாக்கு 7. Rinsing கழுவுேல் 8. Centration சசறிவு 9. Abrasion சிராய்ப்பு Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

10. Squeeze சுருக்கி 11. Hydrating நதீ ரற்றம் 12. Optic Zone பார்ளவ ைண்ைலம் IX.JUMPING WORDS: 1 ADVANTAGE - A-VAN--G- 2 CONTACT LENS - C--TA-T L-NS 3 CHROMATIC ABERRATION - CH-OM-T-- A-ER-AT--N 4 MAGNIFICATION - M-GN-F--ATI-N 5 INDICATION - IN-IC-T--N 6 ORTHOPTIC - O-TH--T-C 7 PROSTHETIC - P--STH-T-C 8 ALLERGY - A--ERG- 9 COLOBOMA - C-LO--M- 10 THERAPEUTIC - T--R-PEU-I- 11 KERATOPATHY - K-RATKPATH- 12 SILICON - SI--C-N 13 PERMIABILITY - P-RM--B-LI-- 14 DIAMETER - D--M-T-R 15 BASE CURVE - BA-E C-R-- 321

WORKSHEET 1………………lens does not allow oxygen to pass through. 2……………….allow better oxygen transmission but a cumbersome fitting procedure. 3……………….allow good oxygen transmission and are highly comfortable. 4.The oxygen transmissibility is reduced by increasing the lens…………. 5.The transmissibility is increased by making the lens …………………… 6.The ideal lens for therapeutic purpose is the ……………. 7.Thinner spherical lenses correct less ………….. than standard thicker lens. 8.The amount of base down prism needed is usually ………………. Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

CHAPTER - 12 LOW VISION CHAPTER - 12 LOW VISION 323

Optics of LVA Ocular conditions causing low vision Optical device Telescope Hand magnifier Stand magnifier High plus addition CCTV Non optical device Categories Formulas Evaluation Visual acuity Colour vision Field of vision Refraction Contrast Counselling and guidance Training and practice Prescription I.Abbreviation - Low Vision Aids 1. LVA 2. CCTV - Closed Circuit Television 3. ETDRS - Early Treatment Of Diabetic Retinopathy Study II. Choose the best answer: Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

1. Gerald Fonda coined the term low vision in the year..... a . 1945 b. 1947 c. 1953 2.A person with low vision is one who has impairment of visual functioning even after treatment, surgery or standard refractive correction and has a visual acuity of less than ....... Or field of less than.....degrees a . 6/18 to 10 b . 6/18 to 20 c . 6/18 to 15 3. Corneal degeneration results in a. Low vision b . Astigmatism c . Blindness 4. A person is considered to have low vision when his visual acuity is less than [c] a .6/24 b . 6/36 c . 6/18 5. Conditions where there is not much benefit from low vsion devices are patients who have visual acuity of less than …. [c] a. 1/60 b. 1/120 c.2/60 6. The image formed using a hand magnifier is [c] a. On the retina b. Near the cornea c. At infinity will be 7.if a patient’s best acuity is 6/60, then the required near vision addition …………[b] a.+11.0ds b. +10.0ds c.+9.0ds 8.hand magnifier is at infinity and the emerging rays are [a] a. Converging b. Diverging c. Parallel 9.------- is too high it makes writing difficult[c] a. Low power b. High power c. High power addition 10.the closer working distance can ----[b] a. High illumination b.obstract illumination c. Actual illumination 11. What is the visual acuity for low vision patients? [c] a. 6/6 b. 6/9 c. 6/18 12. _________ is the process of enlarging something only in appearance, not in physical size. [a] a. Magnification b. Minification c. Distortion 13. Reducing the distance of the object is called ________ magnification. [c] a. Angular magnification b. Projection magnification c. Relative distant magnification 14. Low vision is __________. [c] 325

a. Poor vision cannot be improved by spectacles b. Surgery and medicine. C. Both 15. Prismo sphere is useful for __________ patients. [b] a. High myopia b. Macular pathologies c. Advanced glaucoma 16. Increasing the size of the object is called ______ magnification. [a] a. Relative size magnification b. Projection magnification c. Angular magnification 17. Following low vision aid can be given for improving near vision except [a] a. Prismo sphere b. Telescope c. Aspheric glass 18. Expansion of CCTV used in low vision aid clinic is ________. [b] a. Central circuit Tv b. Closed Circuit Tv c. central camera Tv 19. Which one of the following is not a low vision aid? [c] a. Hand magnifier b. Stand magnifier c.Typoscope 20. One of the causes of low vision is _________. [c] a. Transplantation b. Skin color c. Albinism 21. People with this eye condition will get benefitted by optical aids [c] A. Optics atrophy with field defect , advanced glaucoma b. Advanced retinitis pigmentosa with tubular vision c. A,b 22. One of the causes of low vision is [a] a. High myopia b. Age c. Brown / black skin 23. Prismosphere is advised for ______________ [b] a. Vitreous damage b. Central retina damage c. Cornea damage 24. What is the purpose of running light? [c] A. Identify the currency b. Identify the letters c. Vision stimulation 25. What support can rehabilitation provide for low vision patient? [a] a. Motivate and prepare them to better their life b. Advice for surgery c. Provide food for them 26. Prismatic glasses helps to _________________ [c] a. Reduce eye strain b. Focus peripheral vision c. Both 27. Physically disabled people are [b] a. Social people b. Socially isolated c. Social status 28. Rehabilitation is ______________ based. [a] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

a. Patient b. Organ c. Society 29. During rehabilitating a low vision patient, the counselor should watch the _________[a] A. Functional changes b. Family changes c. Body weight changes 30. Low vision is a condition where the medical / surgery will _______[b] a. Bring back vision changes b. Never cure the disease c. Help to improve vision 31. How many types of rehabilitation approaches are there? a. 3 b. 4 c. 2 32. What is vision stimulation? [a] a. Helping to use their vision b. Make them talk c. Both 33. Tick institutional based rehabilitation for low vision patient? [c ] a. Counsel their parents, .orient about special education b. Visual assessment, introducing various visual aids c. A,b 34. Tick the community based rehabilitations for low vision patient? [a,c,h,i] A. Informing about government policies b. Visual assessment C. Providing vocational training d. Introducing various visual aids E. Counsel to accept their condition f. Counsel their parents g. Orient about special education H. Teach them to read and write braille i. Provide low vision certificates 35. What support services do the community based rehabilitation centers provide? [a, d ] a. Get travel pass , scholarships for children b. Give low vision assessment c. Counseling the family and patient d. Pension for elders 36. What is functional vision assessment in low vision patient? [c] a. Stimulate the seeing capacity b. Help to identify things c. Both 37. What is concept development in a low vision patient? [a] a. Correlate the environmental concepts b. Evaluate vision c. Get the government policy III. Fill in the blanks : 1.ocular conditions causing low vision ....... ( Aniridia ) 2. Stand magnifier the image format is before ....... And the ray are diverging ( infinity ) 3. The low vision device provides a magnified ...... ( view of objects 4. They are available as ......mounted ( Hand or spectacle ) 5. Types of telescope ...... (2 ) 327

6. Telescope can be manually adjusted is .....( Autofocus ) 7. Hand magnifier available with different features such as ..... Surfaces ....( Aspheric ,Illumination) 8. Which can be used along with the ..... Glasses or .... Glasses ( Distance , With out ) 9. Hand magnifier are very cost effective portable and useful for ...... Tasks ( Short term reading ) 10 . Patient with …......... Cannot use hand magnifier .( Hand tremors ) 11. Hand magnifier is difficult to use for .....( Prolonged period ) 12. Most stand magnifier are designed for use with a standard ........or .... Glass ( Bifocal , Reading ) 13. Stand magnifier have a .....( Fixed focus ) 14. Stand magnifier are helpful for .... and patient with reduced coordination and ...( Children , Hand tremors ) 15. There are large varieties of high plus spectacle available in convex glasses ... (Convex sphere , Aspheric sphere , Aspheric lenticular ) 16. CCTV full form .......( Close Circuit Television ) 17. CCTV camera that relays a magnified image to a ....... ( Monitor ) 18. CCTV magnification can be adjusted for different .....( Print sizes ) 19. Non optical device is to enhance the use of vision .... Or ...optical aids ( With , Without ) 20. Non optical device how many categories ... ( 7 ) 21. Non optical device facilitate an ..... For efficient functioning ( Environment ) 22. Evaluation of the remaining visual functioning is a key compound to .... Rehabilitation ( Low vision ) 23. Low vision investigation ........( Visual acuity , Contrast ... ) 24. Kestenbaum formula ......( 60/6 = 10 d ) 25. Light house method near vision acuity card is used at .... Distance ( 40cm ) 26. Lot of .... Or practice increases the visually challenged patients ability to reach their goals ( Home work ) 27.The low vision ......... Provide a magnified view of object . ( Optical device ) 28.Advanced -------------with tubular vision will result in low vision [Retinitis Pigmentosa) 29.If a patient’s best acuity is 6/60, then the required near vision addition will be ----- [+10.0d] 30.Snellen’s chart is suitable for literates above ---------(6 years ) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

31.Patients with low vision can use ……………… to view distant objects 32.Patients with VA less than …………… in the better eye are categorized as legally blind ( 3/60) 33.Patients with low vision can use telescope to view------- (Distant objects) 34.If the visual acuity of a low vision patient is 6/60, the near vision addition needed is ……….D ( + 10 D) 35.In simple transposition, algebraic sum of sphere and cylinder is the new ……( sphere ) 36.The three power zones of trifocals a…..( Distant, Intermediate, Near ) 37.Low vision devices are patient who have must not benefit of visual acuity less than ---- visual field----(2/60,10degree) 38.In Hand magnifier image formed at ----(Infinity) 39.Stand magnifier has -----magnification ( Constant magnification) 40.In ------image formed before infinity (Stand magnifier) 41.The -------- (low vision optical devices) provide a magnified view of object 42.High plus addition is available in----- &------ (Convex sphere & Aspheric sphere) 43.Hand magnifier is used for --- (Short term reading) 44.----is used for with and without optical aids (non optical device) 45.---- formula is used in deriving predicted add for low vision patient (kestenbaum formula) 46.How many categories of non-optical device---- (7types) 47.CCTV allow sufficient ----- (reading speed) 48.Magnification can be adjusted for different print size this available in--- (CCTV) 49. Person with low vision means, the vision could be …(below 6/18) 50.For low vision patients the field of vision is ………(less than 20º) 51.…………(Gerald fonda) coined the term low vision in the year ………..(1953 52.Conditions where there is not much benefit from low vision devices, who have a visual acuity is……[ less than 2/60] or…[ a field of less than 10 degree] 53.The image formed using hand magnifier is at ……….[infinity] 54.Patient will use a hand magnifier ……[without a bifocal addition glass] 55.In a stand magnifier the image formed ……[before infinity] 56.Patient using a stand magnifier the …[bifocal addition is necessary] 57.In a stand magnifier the rays are …………[diverging] 58.In a hand magnifier the passing rays are …….[parallel ]and make a point source in retina 329

59.Telescopes available are ……………[hand held telescopes, spectacle mounted telescopes, monocular or binocular telescopes] 60.The disadvantage of hand magnifier are ………. Patients with [ hand tremors] and [ prolonged reader] 61.Types of low vision devices are …………….[optical, non optical and electronic devices] 62.Optical devices are used for ………………[distance and near] 63.……[Telescope ]is used for low vision patients for distance correction 64.Optical device means……….[ using of glass material] 65.Non optical device means …………[without glass material] 66.Stand magnifiers have…………………..[ constant magnification] 67.The high plus spectacles available like……..[ convex sphere, aspheric sphere, aspheric lenticular, aspheric doublet, bifocal, clip on loupes and prismosphere] 68.The expansion of CCTV is ……………[close circuit television] 69.The power of CCTV is ………[64x] 70.1x= …………[4dioptre] 71.………………[Beecher telescope] is used for patients with macular problem 72.……….[Eagle telescope] is used for nystagmus patients 73.………….[Kestenbaum] formula is used in deriving predicted add 74.kestenbaum formula is………….[ Reciprocal of the best visual acuity] 75.The patient visual is 6/36, how much addition you will give by using kestenbaum formula? ……….[6D] 76.In light house method the……..[ letter size] is found on the left side and dioptric add on the right side of the acuity card 77.Example of sensory substitution devices is ……..[Talking watch] 78.Glare, contrast and lighting control devices ………[Typo scope] 79.Estimates of visual loss are measured by visual acuity for……… [ distance, near, contrast sensitivity photophobia, color vision, visual fields] 80.For adult the normal contrast sensitivity is …..[1.68] 81.For children’s the normal contrast sensitivity is ……….[1.80] 82.The ……..[mars chart] is used for near contrast sensitivity 83.The …… [Pelli robson] contrast sensitivity is used for distance 84.CCTV used for………. Reading and writing. 85.……….[Low vision] means less than 6/18 to 3/60 of visual acuity, field of vision less than 10° to 15° Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

86.Low vision invented by …………………[Gerald Fonda in 1953.] 87.Causes of low vision are…………………..[ Macular degeneration, albinism, diabetic retinopathy, etc.,] 88. Examination of the low vision are…………….[ History, refraction, fields, contrast sensitivity, glare test, instructions, trail of low vision devices.] 89.Low vision treatment are…………………[ optical aids, non-optical aids, and electronic aids.] 90.Braselton formula is ……………..[BCVA x 2x] 91.Patient Has vision 3/60 . So we will give ………[20ds for near vision] for that patient. 92.Types of telescope are…………[ Galilean, heparin, eagle bleachers.] 93.Telescope used for………[ Distance vision.] 94.Magnifier used for ………….[ Near vision.] 95.Direct image formation in ………….[Galilean telescope ] 96.Galilean telescope consists of-----[object convex lens, eye piece concave lens.] 97.Galilean telescope is a …………[low power telescope.] 98.Other name of the keplarein telescope is……..[ Astronomic telescope.] 99.Image formation of keplarein telescope is…………[ Inverted viewing.] 100.Beacher’s telescope used for ………[Macula patients.] 101.Example of angular magnification is ……….[Hand magnifier.] 102.Keplarien telescope consists of-----[ object is convex lens, eye piece is convex lens.] 103.Types of magnifiers are …………[six] 104.Eagle telescope is used for …………[Nystagmus patient ] 105.Expansion of ETDRS is… [ Early Treatment Of Diabetic Retinopathy Study.] 106.Expansion of CCTV is…………….[ closed circuit television.] 107.………………[ETDRS ]chart used for LVA patient. 108.……………[64x ]power available in CCTV. 109.Magnifier types are…………..[ stand magnifier, hand magnifier, cutaway. ] 110.Notex, needle threads, independent mobility stick, signature guide, writing guide, illumination these are ------[ Non optical aids] 111.Other name of signature guide is ……………..[Typo scope.] 112.Types of rehabilitation are ……………[Vocational rehabilitation, educational rehabilitation]. 113.…………..[Vertical ]prism used for bar reader magnifier. 114.…………….[Five ]categories of low vision patient. 331

115.Name of the 1 meter chart is………[ August colon Brendan chart.] 116.……………[Base in] prism used by prism sphere glass. 117.……………….[Fresnel prism] used for hemianopia patient. 118.All patients with macula problem uses ……[ prism sphere glass for near vision]. 119.Other name of the note is………………..[ money identification.] 120.The low vision tailor patients uses…[ needle thread for near vision.] 121………………[Three ]formulas are used in low vision patients. 122. 1x = ……… [ 4 diopter] 123. ……………[Yellow] color tint used for albinism patient. 124. Telescope, magnifier, high add spectacles, binocular are the …………….[optical aids]. 125.CCTV can magnify ………..up to 64x. 126.The low power telescopes is………..[ Galilean telescopes] 127.The heavy power telescope is ……………..[keplerian telescope ] 128.Keplerian telescope is available power is………..[ 4x to 15x] 129. Galilean telescope is available power is…………..[2x to 8x] 130.In Galilean telescope the eye piece is …………[concave] object is ……….[convex] 131.In keplerian telescope the eye piece is …………..[convex ]and object also……….[ convex] 132.The angular magnification----[ m=ae] 133.In astronomic telescope the power range is ……………[4x to 15x] 134.Types of total blindness are ….[Economic blindness, social blindness and legal blindness] 135.For economic blindness the vision is………….[ 6/6 to 6/18] 136.For social blindness the vision is ……….[6/18 to 6/60] 137.For legal blindness the vision is below……….[ 6/60] 138.In prismo sphere glass the prism is ……..[base in] 139. For low vision patients we use…………[logarithmic visual acuity] chart 140. The vision is below 3/60 in children’s we advise for ………….[special education] 141. For low vision patients to identifying money which device is used?.....[Notex] 142. . ......... is Prescribed for viewing distant objects at optical infinity .( telescope ) 143.In special school children studying which method is used and what board is used ? ………[Braille method, Braille slate] 144.Expand IBR- …………..[Institution based rehabilitation] 145.Expand CBR – …………..[Community based rehabilitation] Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

146.IBR means ……………[Services offered in an institution] 147.CBR means……………[ Measures taken at the community level] 148.For macular pathologies patients we give low vision device of ……[Prismo sphere,] for better vision 149.In aspherical glass reduces the ……………[spherical aberration] and ……….[minimize distortion] 150.In CCTV magnified image is relayed on …….. ( Camera ). 151. The advantage of CCTV is …………..[wider field of view and high contrast] 152. In Galilean telescopes the image is ……..[erect] 153. In keplerian telescope the image is ……….[inverted] 154.what are the talking products in low vision ………..[telephone, watch, calculator] 155. It can be shown mathematically that……………[ m = fe\\fo.] 156. Astronomic telescope is[ 4x to 15x magnification]. 157.CCTV used for …………….[reading and writing] 158.Low vision aid is a ……………..[magnifying device.] 159.Astronomic telescope is…………… 4x to 15x magnification. 160. Galilean telescope is……………….. [ Low power telescope.] 161.Galilean telescope magnification available ………..[2x to 4x, 4x to 8x.] 162. Weight less telescope is……….[ Galilean telescope.] 163. High power lens introducer---……..[kesterbaum.] 164. [ Galilean telescope] ………….is less expensive. 165.small size of telescope is……………..[ Galilean telescope ] 166.Keplerian telescope is…………..[ convex surface ] 167.. ………………[Keplerian] is a large field of view at a given level of magnification. 168. Keplerian magnification available………[ 4x to 10x, 4x to 15x]. 169. Heavy weight of telescope is …………….[keplerian.] 170. Keplerian telescope image formed regarding on……[ internal re inverting prism.] 171. Beecher telescope used for …………..[macular] problem defect. 172.Eagle telescope used for ……….[Nystagmus ]patient and field of vision loss. 173………….[.Scanning] is a eye movement with head. 174 .in CCTV, black background, ……….[white letters] are seen 175.Low vision aid advantages, ……………….[higher field of vision magnification..] 176.Disadvantages more expensive, electronic things, only near vision. 177. ………[Notex] is a money identification. 333

178.Angular magnification …………..m=ae/ai. 179.It can be shown mathematically that ………….m = fe\\fo. IV. TRUE OR FALSE 1. Ophthalmologist have positive attitude towards LVA (True ) 2. Low vision was introduced by Gerald Fonda 1954 ( False ) 3. Visual acuity less than 6/18 or field of vision less than 15 degree term the point of fixation in the better eye ( False ) 4. The telescope are prescribed for viewing distant object at optical infinity ( True ) 5. Notex is used to write letters (False) 6. Telescope is not available for hand held ( False ) 7. Stand magnifier does not have constant magnifications ( False ) 8. Stand magnifier have a fixed focus ( True ) 9. The high plus addition with close working distance can obstruct illumination ( True ) 10. The function of a non optical devices is to enhance the use at vision with or without optical aids ( True ) 11. A stand magnifier the image formed is before infinity ( True ) 12. Telescope can be manual method ( False ) 13. Telescope helps in viewing distance object ( True ) 14. Hand magnifier used by hand tremors patients ( False ) 15. Stand magnifiers used by tremors patients ( True ) 16. Stand magnifier auto focus ( False ) 17. High plus addition spectacles available ( True ) 18. Closed circuit television reading system provides magnified image to monitor screen ( True ) 19. Kestnbaum formula 60/6 = 10d reciprocal of the visual acuity ( True ) 20. LVA counseling and guidance plays on important in sister understanding ( False ) 21. The non optical devices facilities an environment for efficient functioning ( True ) 22. The non optical devices are 10 categories of devices ( False ) 23. Kestenbaum formula required near vision addition will be +10 ( True ) 24. The near vision acuity card is used at 40cm distance and the patient is given a +2.5 add for light house method ( True ) 25. Illumination is an optic device (False) 26.a lot of home work or practice increase the visually challenged patients ability to reach their goals ( True ) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

27. The refractive error and the terms prescription is longer helpful ( False ) 28. The name of the diseases or condition eye or brain that affected should be explained counseling proper for LVA patient ( True ) 29. Non optical devices are seven categories of devices ( True ) 30. Hand magnifier can use without a bifocal addition glass ( True ) 31.visual acuity in the better eye is less than 3/60 and visual field constricted to less than 10 degree. It is called legal blindness. ( False) 32. The patient have used stand magnifier without bifocal glass [True] 33. The patient have used stand magnifier with bifocal glass [True] 34.The plastic lenses are highly recommended for low vision patient.(True) 35.Dark pencil is a optical aid (False). 36.Walking stick is a non optical aid (True) 37. Signature guide is an optical aid ( True ) V.MATCH THE FOLLOWING - Rehabilitation - Low Vision 1 Low Vision - Ocular Condition 2 Gerald Fonda - Diverge 3 High Myopia - Stand Magnifier 4 Stand Magnifier - With Out Bi-Focal 5 Optics Of LVA - Bi-Focal Addition 6 Hand Magnifier - Magnified Images 7 Stand Magnifier - Auto Focus 8 Optical Device - Reading Task 9 Telescope - Hand Tremors 10 Hand Magnifier - Stand Magnifier 11 Hand Magnifier Difficulty 12 Constant Magnification 335

13 High-Plus Addition - Convex Sphere 14 Cctv - Television Camera 15 Non-Optical Aids - With Or Without Optical Aids 16 Kestenbaum Formula - Reciprocal 17 Optical - Telescope 18 Hand Magnifier - Converging 19 Stand Magnifier - Fixed Focus 20 Non Optical Device - Notex 21 Bar Magnifier - Large Prism 22 Contrast Sensitivity - Without Bifocal 23 Writing Guide - Prismosphere 24 Heplerien Telescope - Vertical Prism 25 Pocket Magnifier - Pelli Robson Chart 26 Relative Size Magnification - Astronomical Telescope 27 Macula Problem Patient - With Bifocal 28 Direct Image - 3x Magnifier 29 Stand Magnifier - Non Optical Aids 30 Hand Magnifier - Galilean Telescope 31 No Perception Of Light - Blind Category 32 CCTV - Projection Magnification 33 Needle Threaded - Non Optical Device 34 Retinitis Pigmentosa - Tubular Vision 35 Monocular Telescope - Optical Device For Distance Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

36 Large Print Books - Relative Size Magnification 37 Stand Magnifiers Peripheral Distortions 38 Prismosphere 39 Magnifier - Minimized 40 Typoscope - Shifts the Scotoma - Angular Magnification - Signature Guide VI. Missing letters: - ILLMINATION - FIXATION 1 _L_UM_NA_ _ O_ - MEDICAL INTERVENTION 2 F_ _AT_O_ - MEDIAL INTERVENTION 3 M_DI_ _L _NT_R_EN_ _ON - ELECTRONICALLY 4 O_T_CA_RO_ _ Y 5 ELE_T_O_ _ C_ _ _ Y VII.Unscramble - Glaucoma - Aniridia 1 AGUALOCM - System 2 AAINIRDI - Environment 3 SSYEMT - Reading 4 NORIVNENETM - Evaluation 5 ADIREGN - Guidance 6 UAVAELION - Light House 7 ECNAGIUD 8 EOUSHHTIGL 337

9 MBACLTENKSE - Kestenbaum 10 ESLILBAT - Guidance VIII. GIVE THE REASON 1.What is the purpose of closed circuit television? 2.What is a carrier lens? 4.Stand magnifiers are useful for children 5.Notex is an non-optical device why? 6. Why should LVA patient using hand magnifier use bifocal glass? IX. TWO MARKS 1.Define low vision- 2.Write about low vision aids. 3. Define low vision 4.Write two near and distance vision aid 5.Write short notes on aspheric lens 6.Who invented low vision? 7.Define low vision 8.What are the causes of low vision? 9.What are the optical devices given for low vision patients? 10.What are the non optical devices for low vision patients? 11.Name the device used for distance vision? 12.Name the device used for near vision? 13.CCTV abbreviation? 14.Write the kestenbaum formula? 15.Write the magnifier types? 16.Name the condition in which patient has overall blurred vision 17.Write the two telescope name? 18.Which patient require slab of prism? 19.Which telescope have convex eye piece, convex object? Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

20.What is the other name of signature guide? 21.What are the categories in low vision devices? 22.Name the conditions in which patient have central vision loss X.DIAGRAM 1.Optical and non optical aids XI.10MARKS: 1.Explain about the low vision aids . XII. ENGLISH TO TAMIL ளகசயாப்ப வழிகாட்டி குளற பார்ளவ 1. Signature guide ஒளியியல் சாேைம் 2. Low vision ளகயால் உருப்சபருக்கி 3. Optical device ஒளியியல் அல்லாே சாேைம் 4. Hand magnifier சோளலதநாக்கி 5. Non optical device ைறுவாழ்வு 6. Telescope உருப்சபருக்கம் 7. Rehabilitation 8. Magnification மூடிய சுற்று சோளலதநாக்கு 9. Closed circuit ேத்துவம் இலக்குகள் television தகாரிக்ளக 10. Physiology ைேிப்படீ ு 11. Goals கருவிழி சிளேவு 12. Required 13. Evaluation 14. Corneal degeneration 339

15. Tubular field குழாய் புலம் 16. Implication உட்குறிப்பு 17. Psychological உளவியல் WORKSHEET 1. Write about the optic of LVA 2. Explain about the light houses method 3. What are the formulae used in predicted add 4. Difference between the hand and stand magnifier. 5. When the patient have BE’S vision 2/60, Which types of aid will you prescribe? 6. The patient has to do more of near work he needs magnifier’s help. So which type of magnifier you will prescribe and why? 7. Why will we use stand magnifier in children? 8. Write about counseling and guidance of LVA. 9. Write about difference between the types of telescope? 10. Write about the advantages of closed circuit television? 11. Write about the advantages and disadvantages of the stand magnifier. 12. Which type of glass will we prescribe for a patient with macular pathology and why: Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

CHAPTER 13 DISPENSING OF OPTICS I.ABBERIVATION - Crown Glass - Flint Glass 1 CG 2 FG 341

3 CN - Cellulose Nitrate 4 SS - Stainless steel 5 GSR - Good Starch Resistance 6 HIL - Hi Index Lens 7 TS - Toroidal shape 8 ZDL - Zeiss Dura let lens 9 AR - Amber Red 10 RP - Retinitis Pimentos 11 PPL - Progressive power lens 12 TL - Tinted lens 13 PL - Photo chromic lens 14 BSG - Boro silicate glass 15 APG - Aluminum phosphate glass 16 TR - Transmittance Range 17 FR - Fading Rate 18 LC - Lens Cent ration 19 PE - Prismatic Effect 20 LC - Lens Cutting 21 RX - Prescription 22 EG - Eye Glasses 23 BF - Bifocal 24 RAP - Reading Addition Power 25 HP - Horizontal Power Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

26 VP - Vertical Power 27 VAP - Visual Axis Distance CHAPTER 13 DISPENSING OF OPTICS II.CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER: 343

1.If the eyepiece focusing is not accurate what will happen during the neutralization …...[B].... A] Break the eyeglass B]Error reading C]The spherical will change to cylinder 2. Refractive prescription is important for ……[A]..... A] Spectacle power B] IOL power C] Corneal curvature 3……[C]…….. Provides information about types of corrective lenses materials used in lens manufacture. A] Optics B] Refraction C] Dispensing of optics 4……[C]……. introduced special optical measurement and proper fitting correction of eye glass A] Optics B] Refraction C] Dispensing of optics 5.Spectacle materials are made from ……[A]…. Different source of materials. A] 3 B] 4 C] 5 6……[A]……….. Is one of the materials used in spectacle lens? A] Plastic B] Water C] Both 7. Glass &plastic material used for …[A]…… A] Spectacle lens B] Trial frame C] Contact lens 8…[B]……. Is semi-precious stone in making lens? A] Rock crystal B] Topaz C] Platinum 9…[B]…..glass is used in the making of bifocal or achromatic lens A] Crown glass B] flint glass C] CR39 10…[B]……..material was replaced by barium crown material& no chromatic aberration A] Crown glass B] flint glass C] CR39 11. Plastic lens made of ……[B]...... Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

A] Barium –crown B] Poly methyl metho acrylate C] Alley glycol carbonate 12. The base curve should have same curvature which coincides with the ……[A]………of the rotating eyeball A] Corneal curvature B] Lens curvature C] Glass curvature 13. How many types of principle eyeglass lenses are manufactured to correct vision……[A]......... A] 2 types B] 3 types C] 5 types 14…[A]..….lens provides correction for only one distance A] Mono focal B]Bi-focal C] Tri- focal 15. …[A]..…is the different lens forms or the possible contours of the lens surface A] Lens form B] Frame form C] Glass 16. All spectacle lenses are meniscus lenses having …....[C]....... A] Concave B] Convex C] Concave- convex 17. Different lens forms have …..[B]......benefits A] Same B] Different C] One only 18. …...[A]......has a complex front surface that gradually changes the lens curvature from the center to periphery A] Aspheric B] Lenticular C] Hi-index 19.Distance between the front of the cornea and back of the lens...[A]... A] Vertex distance B]Focal length C] Lens power 20.There is no jump effect in .....[A].... A] Varifocal lenses B] Trifocal lenses C] Bifocal lenses 21. Back vertex distance is measured using a...[B]..... 345

A] Optician ruler B] Distometer C] Lenso meter 22.For positive powers more than +10.0ds the form of the lens used is ….........[C]......... A] Convex B]Aspheric C]Lenticular 23.D-shaped bifocal segment height was …......[C]......... A]22 to 24mm B]25 to 27mm C]25to 28mm 24.Other name of executive bifocal …......[C]......... A] Flat top B] Cemental bifocal C] Solid bifocal 25.Which lens have large distortion area with little reading area...[B].... A] Soft design PAL B] Hard design PAL C]Solid bifocal 26.[A]....lens have been improved to reduce the distorted area and increasing the reading area A] Soft design PAL B] Hard design PAL C] Solid bifocal 27. Which type of frame has fitted in short corridor PAL lens ...[A]..... A] Smaller frame B] Larger frame C]Any type of frame 28.In ....[A].... such tinted lenses are not suitable A] Higher powered B] Low powered C] Cylindrical powered 29.[A].....absorbs all colors of the visible spectrum A] Neutral Grey B] Pink C] Green 30..........[C]......tint lens will absorb most of UV and IR light A] Neutral Grey B] Pink C] Green 31.[A].....lens has absorb UV light A] Yellow B] Pink C] Green 32.[A]....lens type zone of vision is restricted and the surrounding areas are distorted Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

A] Varifocal B] Tri focal lenses C] Bifocal lenses 33.....[B]....lenses have the ability to change their shade from light to dark and back again when exposed to different sunlight intensities A] Tinted lens B] Photochromatic lens C]Sun glass 34.Anti reflective coating used to......[A]...... A]reduce glare B]Dispensing of optics C]sun glass 35.Comfortable Pantoscopic slit is …...[B].... A] 5-10* B]10-15* C]15-20* 36......[C].... lens has two distance zone A] Vari focal B] Tri focal lenses C]Bifocal lenses 37.Reading segment is a small circle in ….[C]..... A] Vari focal B] Tri focal lenses C] Kryptok bifocal 38....[A]....lens eliminate the peripheral distortion A] Aspheric B] Lenticular C] High plus addition 39.Vertex distance is the between the....[B]..... A]Back of cornea and front of lens B]Front of cornea and front of lens C]Center of cornea and front of lens 40.IPD measurement the instrument used are …......[C].......... A] Pen torch B] Millimeter ruler C]A and B 41.The height of the reading portion of a multifocal lens as measured from the deepest part of the eye wire to a reference point is called the ….[A]...... A] Segment height B] Frame height C] Pupillary distance 347

42.The following statements concerning progressive lenses are true except …..[C]..... A] These lenses are made without a line B] Are considered cosmetically superior to bifocals and trifocals C] These lenses have powers for viewing at only three distance 43.Marking lever is used to mark …........[C]........ A] Orientation of prism power B]Mark axis the cylinder power C] Optic center of the lens 44.Power drum is used to ….....[A]..... A] Determine the lens power B] Determine the axis C] Determine the lens size 45.If the target is displaced upwards from the centre of the crosshair , ... prism is present in the lens .[B] A] Base down B]Base up C]Base left III.FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. Semi-precious stone is one of the ……… Material (Spectacle lens). 2. Quartz is one of the ……media in making lens (Natural media). 3. What is index of crown glass…….. (1.523) 4. What is the index of flint glass material…… (1.620) 5. Flint glass materials were replaced by……Material (Barium crown) 6. The high index glass is named as -------- (Hi dex) 7.Simple transposition are used to convert one form to another + to - ….. ( to reduce the central thickness of lens ) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore

8. High quality bifocal lenses are made from …..Materials (Barium crown) 9. Modern hard resin lens from …..Materials (Allyldi glycol carbonate) 10………gets scratches more easily &do not protect from the eye from UV rays unless properly tinted (Plastic lenses) 11…….lenses get easily broken (Glass) 12. Plastic lenses are hardened by…or ……(Chemical or Heat process) 13.Trifocals have ….. ( Three distant zones ) 14. ------ lenses curved like a meniscus lens (Toric lens) 15. -----is particularly designed to eliminate the peripheral distortion (Aspheric) 16.Who is the inventor of bifocal lens …........(Benjamin Franklin) 17.Other name of kryptok bifocal.........(Cemented bifocal) 18.Other name of D-shaped bifocal............(Flat top) 19.Kryptok bifocal height was................(22mm to 24mm) 20....lens have reduced tendency of scratches (Poly carbonate lens) 21.The.......should not be placed more than 2mm below the lower eyelid.(Reading segment) 22....... will be if produced improper IPD measurement are made in spctacles ( Prismatic effect ) 23.Bifocals have ….. ( Two distant zones ) 24.The material having highest refractive index is....(Diamond) 25.Lenses having the ability to change their shape from light to dark and back are known as.........(Photochromic lenses) 26.A achromatic doublet reduces.........(Chromatic Aberration) 27.Most common defect in dispensing is the …....(Wrong centering) of lenses. 28.…........... lens for distance & near vision (Bifocal). 349

29.….........is designed at the bottom of the lens (Reading segment). 30. All bifocal wearer experiences a …...........(Jumping effect). 31.............is used for making the bifocal segment (Flint glass material). 32.................lens is used for low vision& aphakic patient (Lenticular). 33..............lens front surface gradually changes lens curvature from the center to periphery(Aspheric). 34.Algebric sum of …........... is a new sphere (Sphere&cylinder) 35.In D-shaped bifocal …...........is reduced (jumping effect). 36.…....... lens jumping effect is pronounced (Executive bifocal). 37.( Neutral gray ) has been the most popular tint for sun glasses 38.Executive lenses are very difficult for patient to adapt …... ( to another type of bifocals ) 39.... lens are used for welding , high light & heat situation ( Green tint ) 40...... lens also have physiological effect coolness ( Tinted lens ) 41.progressive lens have the power increasing gradually from the ….. to … ( Distance zone to near zone ) 42.Vari focal lens is called ….. ( Progressive additional lens ) 43.the tinted lens usually reduce the …... ( Actual illumination ) level in the high power lens 44........is darkens when exposed to UV light or blue end of the spectrum ( Silver halide ) 45.,..... gives a good cosmetic appearance ( Mirrored sun glass ) 46.when light passes through spectacle some light rays are reflected by front & back surface of the lens producing … ( Ghost image ) 47...... lens prevent ghost images and only one image is seen ( ARC ) 48.tinted lenses are made of …. which is colored amber to red ( CR 39 ) 49.A shattered …. lens does not have the sharp splinters typical for broken lens ( Hard Resin) Aravind Eye Care System -Coimbatore