สวดมนต์ฉบับอเมริกา

maggārammaṇā dhammā maggahetukā dhammā maggādhipatino dhammā. uppannā dhammā anuppannā dhammā uppādino dhammā. atītā dhammā anāgatā dhammā paccuppannā dhammā. atītārammaṇā dhammā anāgatārammaṇā dhammā paccuppannārammaṇā dhammā. ajjhattā dhammā bahiddhā dhammā ajjhattabahiddhā dhammā. ajjhattārammaṇā dhammā bahiddhārammaṇā dhammā ajjhattabahiddhārammaṇā dhammā. sanidassanasappaṭighā dhammā anidassanasappaṭighā dhammā anidassanāppaṭighā dhammā. 75) Vipassanā-bhūmi-pāṭho Pañcakkhandhā rūpakkhandho vedanākkhandho saññākkhandho saṅkhārakkhandho viññāṇakkhandho. dvādasāyatanāni cakkhvāyatanaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ sotāyatanaṃ saddāyatanaṃ ghānāyatanaṃ gandhāyatanaṃ jivhāyatanaṃ rasāyatanaṃ kāyāyatanaṃ phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ manāyatanaṃ dhammāyatanaṃ. aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo cakkhudhātu rūpadhātu cakkhuviññāṇadhātu sotadhātu saddadhātu sotaviññāṇadhātu ghānadhātu gandhadhātu ghānaviññāṇadhātu jivhādhātu rasadhātu jivhāviññāṇadhātu kāyadhātu phoṭṭhabbadhātu kāyaviññāṇadhātu manodhātu manoviññāṇadhātu. bāvīsatindriyāni cakkhundriyaṃ sotindriyaṃ ghānindriyaṃ jivhindriyaṃ kāyindriyaṃ manindriyaṃ itthindriyaṃ purisindriyaṃ jīvitindriyaṃ sukhindriyaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ somanassindriyaṃ domanassindriyaṃ upekkhindriyaṃ saddhindriyaṃ viriyindriyaṃ satindriyaṃ samādhindriyaṃ paññindriyaṃ anaññataññassāmītindriyaṃ aññindriyaṃ aññātāvindriyaṃ. 62 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

cattāri ariyasaccāni dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ dukkhasamudayo ariyasaccaṃ dukkhanirodho ariyasaccaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ. 76) Mahāpaṭṭhāna Hetupaccayo ārammaṇapaccayo adhipatipaccayo anantarapaccayo samanantarapaccayo sahajātapaccayo aññamañña- paccayo nissayapaccayo upanissayapaccayo purejātapaccayo pacchājātapaccayo āsevanapaccayo kammapaccayo vipākapaccayo āhārapaccayo indriyapaccayo jhānapaccayo maggapaccayo sampayuttapaccayo vippayuttapaccayo atthipaccayo natthipaccayo vigatapaccayo avigatapaccayo. 77) Pabbatopama-gāthā Yathāpi selā vipulā nabhaṃ āhacca pabbatā samantā anupariyeyyuṃ nippothentā catuddisā evaṃ jarā ca maccu ca adhivattanti pāṇino khattiye brāhmaṇe vesse sudde caṇḍālapukkuse na kiñci parivajjeti sabbamevābhimaddati na tattha hatthīnaṃ bhūmi na rathānaṃ na pattiyā na cāpi mantayuddhena sakkā jetuṃ dhanena vā tasmā hi paṇḍito poso sampassaṃ atthamattano buddhe dhamme ca saṅghe ca dhīro saddhaṃ nivesaye yo dhammacārī kāyena vācāya uda cetasā idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti pecca sagge pamodati. 78) Ariyadhana-gāthā Yassa saddhā tathāgate acalā supatiṭṭhitā sīlañca yassa kalyāṇaṃ ariyakantaṃ pasaṃsitaṃ saṅghe pasādo yassatthi ujubhūtañca dassanaṃ adaliddoti taṃ āhu amoghantassa jīvitaṃ tasmā saddhañca sīlañca pāsādaṃ dhammadassanaṃ anuyuñjetha medhāvī saraṃ buddhāna sāsananti. Abhidhammas 63

79) Dhamma-niyāma-suttaṃ Yaṃ ve nibbānañānassa ñānaṃ pubbe pavattate tasseva visayībhūtā yāyaṃ dhammaniyāmatā aniccatā dukkhatā ca sabbesaṃ ca anattatā tassā pakāsakaṃ suttaṃ yaṃ sambuddhena bhāsitaṃ sādhūnaṃ ñāṇacārena yathā buddhena desitaṃ yoniso paṭipatyatthaṃ taṃ suttantaṃ bhaṇāmase. Evamme sutaṃ. ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi bhikkhavoti. bhadanteti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. bhagavā etadavoca. ---stop--- uppādā vā bhikkhave tathāgatānaṃ anuppādā vā tathāgatānaṃ ṭhitā va sā dhātu dhammaṭṭhittā dhammaniyāmatā sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti. taṃ tathāgato abhisambujjhati abhisameti abhisambujjhitvā abhisametvā ācikkhati deseti paññapeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti. uppādā vā bhikkhave tathāgatānaṃ anuppādā vā tathāgatānaṃ ṭhitā va sā dhātu dhammaṭṭhittā dhammaniyāmatā sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhāti. taṃ tathāgato abhisambujjhati abhisameti abhisambujjhitvā abhisametvā ācikkhati deseti paññapeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhāti. uppādā vā bhikkhave tathāgatānaṃ anuppādā vā tathāgatānaṃ ṭhitā va sā dhātu dhammaṭṭhittā dhammaniyāmatā sabbe dhammā anattāti. taṃ tathāgato abhisambujjhati abhisameti abhisambujjhitavā abhisametvā ācikkhati deseti paññapeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti sabbe dhammā anattāti. idamavoca bhagavā. attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. 64 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

80) Tilakkhaṇādi-gāthā Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti yadā paññāya passati atha nibbindati dukkhe esa maggo visuddhiyā sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhāti yadā paññāya passati atha nibbindati dukkhe esa maggo visuddhiyā sabbe dhammā anattāti yadā paññāya passati atha nibbindati dukkhe esa maggo visuddhiyā appakā te manussesu ye janā pāragāmino athāyaṃ itarā pajā tīramevānudhāvati ye ca kho sammadakkhāte dhamme dhammānuvattino te janā pāramessanti maccudheyyaṃ suduttaraṃ kaṇhaṃ dhammaṃ vippahāya sukkaṃ bhāvetha paṇḍito okā anokamāgamma viveke yattha dūramaṃ tatrābhiratimiccheyya hitvā kāme akiñcano pariyodapeyya attānaṃ cittakkalesehi paṇḍito yesaṃ sambodhiyaṅgesu sammā cittaṃ subhāvitaṃ ādānapaṭinissagge anupādāya ye ratā khīṇāsavā jutimanto te loke parinibbutāti. 81) Paṭiccasamuppāda-pāṭho Avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā saṅkhārapaccayā viññānaṃ viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso phassapaccayā vedanā vedanāpaccayā taṇhā taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ upādānapaccayā bhavo bhavapaccayā jāti jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanas supāyāsā sambhavanti. evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Abhidhammas 65

avijjāyatveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho saṅkhāra- nirodhā viññāṇanirodho viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho phassanirodhā vedanānirodho vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho bhavanirodhā jātinirodho jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanati. evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. 82) Buddha-udāna-gāthā Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā yato pajānāti sahetudhammaṃ. yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā yato khayaṃ paccayānaṃ avedi. yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa vidhūpayaṃ tiṭṭhati mārasenaṃ sūrova obhāsayamantalikkhanti. 66 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

83) Bhaddeka-ratta-gāthā Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ yadatītampahīnantaṃ appattañca anāgataṃ paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ tattha tattha vipassati asaṃhiraṃ asaṅkuppaṃ taṃ viddhā manubrūhaye ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve na hi no saṅgarantena mahāsenena maccunā evaṃ vihārimātāpiṃ ahorattamatanditaṃ taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti santo ācikkhate munīti. 84) The Death Paṃsukula Aniccā vata saṅkhārā uppādavayadhammino, uppajjitvā nirujjhanti tesaṃ vūpasamo sukho. Paṃsukula Aciraṃ vatayaṃ kāyo paṭhaviṃ adhisessati, chuḍḍo apetaviññāṇo niratthaṃva kaliṅgaraṃ.    Abhidhammas 67

CHAPTER 6 SUTTAS

85) Dhammacakkap-pavattana-sutta Anuttaraṃ abhisambodhiṃ sambujjhitvā tathāgato paṭhamaṃ yaṃ adesesi dhammacakkaṃ anuttaraṃ sammadeva pavattento loke appaṭivattiyaṃ yatthākkhātā ubho antā paṭipatti ca majjhimā catūsvāriyasaccesu visuddhaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ desitaṃ dhammarājena sammāsambodhikittanaṃ nāmena vissutaṃ suttaṃ dhammacakkappavattanaṃ veyyākaraṇapāṭhena saṃgītantambhaṇāmase. Evamme sutaṃ. ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṃ viharati isipatane migadāye. tatra kho bhagavā pañcavaggiye bhikkhū āmantesi. dveme bhikkhave antā pabbajitena na sevitabbā yo cāyaṃ kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogo hīno gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasañhito yo cāyaṃ attakilamathānuyogo dukkho anariyo anatthasañhito. ete te bhikkhave ubho ante anupagamma majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. katamā ca sā bhikkhave majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. seyyathīdaṃ. sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. ayaṃ kho sā bhikkhave majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Suttas 69

idaṃ kho pana bhikkhave dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ. jātipi dukkhā jarāpi dukkhā maraṇampi dukkhaṃ sokaparidevaduk- khadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā appiyehi sampayogo dukkho piyehi vippayogo dukkho yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā. idaṃ kho pana bhikkhave dukkhasamudayo ariyasaccaṃ. yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobbhavikā nandirāgasahagatā tatra tatrābhinandinī. seyyathīdaṃ. kāmataṇhā bhavataṇhā vibhavataṇhā. idaṃ kho pana bhikkhave dukkhanirodho ariyasaccaṃ. yo tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo. idaṃ kho pana bhikkhave dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ. ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. seyyathīdaṃ. sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. ---stop--- idaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananus- sutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ pariññeyyanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ pariññātanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. idaṃ dukkhasamudayo ariyasaccanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhasamudayo ariyasaccaṃ pahātabbanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. 70 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhasamudayo ariyasaccaṃ pahīnanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. idaṃ dukkhanirodha ariyasaccanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhanirodho ariyasaccaṃ sacchikātabbanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhanirodho ariyasaccaṃ sacchikatanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. idaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ bhāvetabbanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ bhāvitanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi ñāṇaṃ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi. yāvakīvañca me bhikkhave imesu catūsu ariyasaccesu evantiparivaṭṭaṃ dvādasākāraṃ yathābhūtaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ na suvisuddhaṃ ahosi. neva tāvāhaṃ bhikkhave sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho paccaññāsiṃ. yato ca kho me bhikkhave imesu catūsu ariyasaccesu evanti parivaṭṭaṃ dvādasākāraṃ yathābhūtaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ ahosi. Suttas 71

athāhaṃ bhikkhave sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho paccaññāsiṃ. ñāṇañca pana me dassanaṃ udapādi akuppā me vimutti ayamantimā jāti natthidāni punabbhavoti. idamavoca bhagavā. attamanā pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanduṃ. imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne āyasmato koṇḍaññassa virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi yaṃkiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbantaṃ nirodhadhammanti. pavattite ca bhagavatā dhammacakke bhummā devā saddamanussāvesuṃ etambhagavatā bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasminti. (stop ) bhummānaṃ devānaṃ saddaṃ sutvā cātummahārājikā devā saddamanussāvesuṃ. cātummahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ saddaṃ sutvā tāvatiṅsā devā saddamanussāvesuṃ. tāvatiṅsānaṅ devānaṃ saddaṃ sutvā yāmā devā saddamanussāvesuṃ. yāmānaṃ devānaṃ saddaṃ sutvā tusitā devā saddamanussāvesuṃ. tusitānaṃ devānaṃ saddaṃ sutvā nimmānaratī devā saddamanussāvesuṃ. nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ saddaṃ sutvā paranimmitavasavattī devā saddamanussāvesuṃ. paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ saddaṃ sutvā brahmakāyikā devā saddamanussāvesuṃ etambhagavatā bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasminti. 72 C H A N T I N G  B O O K ---stop---

itiha tena khaṇena tena muhuttena yāva brahmalokā saddo abbhuggacchi. ayañca dasasahassī lokadhātu saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi. appamāṇo ca oḷāro obhāso loke pāturahosi atikkam- meva devānaṃ devānubhāvaṃ. athakho bhagavā udānaṃ udānesi aññāsi vata bho koṇḍañño aññāsi vata bho koṇḍaññoti. itihidaṃ āyasmato koṇḍaññassa aññākoṇḍaññotveva nāmaṃ ahosīti. 86) Anattalakkhaṇa-suttaṃ Yantaṃ sattehi dukkhena ñeyyaṃ anattalakkhaṇaṃ attavādāttasaññānaṃ sammadeva vimocanaṃ sambuddho taṃ pakāsesi diṭṭhasaccāna yoginaṃ uttariṃ paṭivedhāya bhāvetuṃ ñāṇamuttamaṃ yantesaṃ diṭṭhadhammānaṃ ñāṇenupparikkhataṃ sabbāsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsu asesato tathā ñāṇānusārena sāsanaṃ kātumicchataṃ sādhūnaṃ atthasiddhatthaṃ taṃ suttantaṃ bhaṇāmase. Evamme sutaṃ. ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṃ viharati isipatane migadāye. tatra kho bhagavā pañcavaggiye bhikkhū āmantesi. rūpaṃ bhikkhave anattā. rūpañca hidaṃ bhikkhave attā abhavissa nayidaṃ rūpaṃ ābādhāya saṃvatteyya labbhetha ca rūpe evaṃ me rūpaṃ hotu evaṃ me rūpaṃ mā ahosīti. yasmā ca kho bhikkhave rūpaṃ anattā tasmā rūpaṃ ābādhāya saṃvattati na ca labbhati rūpe evaṃ me rūpaṃ hotu evaṃ me rūpaṃ mā ahosīti. vedanā anattā. vedanā ca hidaṃ bhikkhave attā abhavissa nayidaṃ vedanā ābādhāya saṃvatteyya labbhetha ca vedanāya evaṃ me vedanā hotu evaṃ me vedanā mā ahosīti. yasmā ca kho bhikkhave vedanā anattā tasmā vedanā ābādhāya saṃvattati na ca labbhati vedanāya evaṃ me vedanā hotu evaṃ me vedanā mā ahosīti. Suttas 73

saññā anattā. saññā ca hidaṃ bhikkhave attā abhavissa nayidaṃ saññā ābādhāya saṃvatteyya labbhetha ca saññāya evaṃ me saññā hotu evaṃ me saññā mā ahosīti. yasmā ca kho bhikkhave saññā anattā tasmā saññā ābādhāya saṃvattati na ca labbhati saññāya evaṃ me saññā hotu evaṃ me saññā mā ahosīti. saṅkhārā anattā. saṅkhārā ca hidaṃ bhikkhave attā abhavissaṃsu nayidaṃ saṅkhārā ābādhāya saṃvatteyyuṃ labbhetha ca saṅkhāresu evaṃ me saṅkhārā hontu evaṃ me saṅkhārā mā ahesunti. yasmā ca kho bhikkhave saṅkhārā anattā tasmā saṅkhārā ābādhāya saṃvattanti na ca labbhati saṅkhāresu evaṃ me saṅkhārā hontu evaṃ me saṅkhārā mā ahesunti. viññāṇaṃ anattā. viññāṇañca hidaṃ bhikkhave attā abhavissa nayidaṃ viññāṇaṃ ābādhāya saṃvatteyya labbhetha ca viññāṇe evaṃ me viññāṇaṃ hotu evaṃ me viññāṇaṃ mā ahosīti. yasmā ca kho bhikkhave viññāṇaṃ anattā tasmā viññāṇaṃ ābādhāya saṃvattati na ca labbhati viññāṇe evaṃ me viññāṇaṃ hotu evaṃ me viññāṇaṃ mā ahosīti. ---stop--- taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vāti aniccaṃ bhante. yampanāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti. dukkhaṃ bhante. yampanāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ etaṃ mama esohamasmi eso me attāti. no hetaṃ bhante. taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave vedanā niccā vā aniccā vāti aniccā bhante. yampanāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti. dukkhaṃ bhante. yampanāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ etaṃ mama esohamasmi eso me attāti. no hetaṃ bhante. taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave saññā niccā vā aniccā vāti aniccā bhante. yampanāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti. dukkhaṃ bhante. yampanāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ etaṃ mama esohamasmi eso me attāti. no hetaṃ bhante. 74 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave saṅkhārā niccā vā aniccā vāti aniccā bhante. yampanāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti. dukkhaṃ bhante. yampanāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ etaṃ mama esohamasmi eso me attāti. no hetaṃ bhante. taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vāti aniccaṃ bhante. yampanāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti. dukkhaṃ bhante. yampanāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ etaṃ mama esohamasmi eso me attāti. no hetaṃ bhante. tasmātiha bhikkhave yaṅkiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yandūre santike vā sabbaṃ rūpaṃ netaṃ mama neso- hamasmi na meso attāti. evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. yā kāci vedanā atītānāgatapaccuppannā ajjhattā vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikā vā sukhumā vā hīnā vā paṇītā vā yā dūre santike vā sabbā vedanā netaṃ mama nesohamasmi na meso attāti. evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. yā kāci saññā atītānāgatapaccuppannā ajjhattā vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikā vā sukhumā vā hīnā vā paṇītā vā yā dūre santike vā sabbā saññā netaṃ mama nesohamasmi na meso attāti. evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. ye keci saṅkhārā atītānāgatapaccuppannā ajjhattā vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikā vā sukhumā vā hīnā vā paṇītā vā ye dūre santike vā sabbe saṅkhārā netaṃ mama nesohamasmi na meso attāti. evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. yaṅkiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yandūre santike vā sabbaṃ viññāṇaṃ netaṃ mama nesohamasmi na meso attāti. evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Suttas 75

evaṃ passaṃ bhikkhave sutvā ariyasāvako rūpasmiṃpi nibbindati vedanāyapi nibbindati saññāyapi nibbindati saṅkhāresupi nibbindati viññāṇasmiṃpi nibbindati. nibbindaṃ virajjati. virāgā vimuccati. vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamīti ñāṇaṃ hoti khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātīti. idamavoca bhagavā. attamanā pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinnaduṃ. imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne pañcavaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsūti. 87) Āditta-pariyāya-suttaṃ Veneyyadamanopāye sabbaso pāramiṃ gato amoghavacano buddho abhiññāyānusāsako ciṇṇānurūpato cāpi dhammena vinayaṃ pajaṃ ciṇṇāggipāricariyānaṃ sambojjhārahayoginaṃ yamādittapariyāyaṃ desayanto manoharaṃ te sotāro vimocesi asekkhāya vimuttiyā tathevopaparikkhāya viññūnaṃ sotumicchataṃ dukkhatālakkhaṇopāyaṃ taṃ suttantaṃ bhaṇāmase. Evamme sutaṃ. ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā gayāyaṃ viharati gayāsīse saddhiṃ bhikkhusahassena. tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi. sabbaṃ bhikkhave ādittaṃ. kiñca bhikkhave sabbaṃ ādittaṃ. cakkhuṃ bhikkhave ādittaṃ rūpā ādittā cakkhuviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ cakkhusamphasso āditto yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ kena ādittaṃ. ādittaṃ rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ jātiyā jarāmaraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittanti vadāmi. 76 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

sotaṃ ādittaṃ saddā ādittā sotaviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ sota- samphasso āditto yampidaṃ sotasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. kena ādittaṃ. ādittaṃ rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ jātiyā jarāmaraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittanti vadāmi. ghānaṃ ādittaṃ gandhā ādittā ghānaviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ ghānasamphasso āditto yampidaṃ ghānasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. kena ādittaṃ. ādittaṃ rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ jātiyā jarāmaraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittanti vadāmi. jivhā ādittā rasā ādittā jivhāviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ jivhāsamphasso āditto yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. kena ādittaṃ. ādittaṃ rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ jātiyā jarāmaraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittanti vadāmi. kāyo āditto phoṭṭhabbā ādittā kāyaviññānaṃ ādittaṃ kāyasamphasso āditto yampidaṃ kāyasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. kena ādittaṃ. ādittaṃ rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ jātiyā jarāmaraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittanti vadāmi. mano āditto dhammā ādittā manoviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ mano- samphasso āditto yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati Suttas 77

vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. kena ādittaṃ. ādittaṃ rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ jātiyā jarāmaraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittanti vadāmi. ---stop--- evaṃ passaṃ bhikkhave sutvā ariyasāvako cakkhusmiṃpi nibbindati rūpesupi nibbindati cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmiṃpi nibbindati. sotasmiṃpi nibbindati saddesupi nibbindati sotaviññāṇepi nibbindati sotasamphassepi nibbindati yampidaṃ sotasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmiṃpi nibbindati. ghānasmiṃpi nibbindati gandhesupi nibbindati ghānaviññāṇepi nibbindati ghānasamphassepi nibbindati yampidaṃ ghānasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmiṃpi nibbindati. jivhāyapi nibbindati rasesupi nibbindati jivhāviññāṇepi nibbindati jivhāsamphassepi nibbindati yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmiṃpi nibbindati. kāyasmiṃpi nibbindati phoṭṭhabbesupi nibbindati kāyaviññāṇepi nibbindati kāyasamphassepi nibbindati yampidaṃ kāyasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmiṃpi nibbindati. 78 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

manasmiṃpi nibbindati dhammesupi nibbindati manoviññāṇepi nibbindati manosamphassepi nibbindati yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmiṃpi nibbindati. nibbindati virajjati. virāgā vimuccati. vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamīti ñāṇaṃ hoti khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātīti. idamavoca bhagavā. attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanduṃ. imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne tassa bhikkhusahassassa anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsūti.  Suttas 79

CHAPTER 7 RELIGIOUS ACTIVITES FOR BHIKKHU

88) Cloth Marking Before bhikkhus make use of any cloth to make robes, they must make bhikkhus on the cloth to avoid abusing the monastic discipline. Cloth marking is to make a dark dot which measures about 0.3 cm in diameter at any one cornor of the cloth with a colored pen which does not come off easily. Due to the fact that cloth was rare to find and highly chest, Lord Buddha allowed all bhikkhus to do some marking on the cloth to reduce its value so that it will not be desired by any culprits. The colors of the marking allowed by the Lord Buddha were blue, Black or mud-like color. Cloth marking procedure is as follows; 1. The cloth neat and sit side legs. 2. Join hands together at chest level and then pray “Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa” (3 times) 3. Catch a cornor of the cloth 4. Hold a pen to write down on the cloth and rotate the pen to the right. then repeat the following: Imaṃ pindukappaṃ karomi. (mark 1st dot) dutiyampi imaṃ pindukappaṃ karomi. (mark 2nd dot) tatiyampi imaṃ pindukappaṃ karomi. (mark 3rd dot) Once the marking has been done, there is no need to do it again even when the mark has disappeared through washing. Present practice is to mark each robe with a spot, rotating the pen 3 times clockwise to trace a small circle and repeating the above formula once for each circuit. Initials or name may be added as further means for identification. Religious activites for Bhikkhu 81

89) Cloth Adhiṭṭhāna In the early period the Lord Buddha allowed the Buddhist bhikkhus to traditionally use only 3 pieces; the outer robe, over a robe and inner under robe, each 1 piece. Later the Buddha saw that the bhikkhus needed to use more robe so. He allowed bhikkhus to use rains-cloth, bhikkhu-seat, handkerchief and requisite cloth such as sleeveless one-shouldered singlet cloth, bhikkhu’s bag, cloth sling for alms-bowl, breast-cloth, hand-cloth and etc. After these fabrics were added marks, they will be blessed. Blessing is a way to determine which piece of fabric is used as a cloth. The blessing is as follows; 1.The cloth neat and sit side legs. 2.Join hands together at chest level and then pray “Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa” (3 times) 3. Right hand rubbed to outer robe and turns right (clockwise) is a 3 circle around along with say prayers following; First rubbed and said, “Imaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ adhiṭṭhāmi.” Second rubbed and said, “dutiyampi imaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ adhiṭṭhāmi.” Third rubbed and said, “tatiyampi imaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ adhiṭṭhāmi.” 90) Relinquishing from Use How to withdraw the relinquish to do as follows; The blessing fabric, the bhikkhus can be used correctly according to the Vinaya but whenever they needed to change a new fabric or to take out 82 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

of using as determined cloth. The bhikkhus must bring the piece of cloth that always comes to relinquish to pray before. How to withdraw the pray to do as follows; 1.Join hands together at chest level and then pray “Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa” (3 times) 2.Right hand rubbed to outer robe turn left hand and rotate (counterclockwise) is a circle 3 around and along with says prayers following; First rubbed and said, Imaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paccuddharāmi Second rubbed and said, dutiyampi imaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paccuddharāmi. Third rubbed and said, tatiyampi imaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paccuddharāmi Remark: Other requisites which must be determined for use include the following seven categories: For words of resolve for other requisites, replace the word saṅghāṭiṃ in the formula above with the Pāli words below; uttarāsaṅgaṃ over robe antaravāsakaṃ sleeveless one-shouldered singlet cloth pattaṃ alms-bowl parikkhāracolaṃ Requisite cloth; such as sleeveless one- shouldered singlet cloth, bhikku’s bag, cloth sling for alms-bowl, breast-cloth, hand-cloth and etc. mukhpuñchanacolaṃ handkerchief vassikasāṭikaṃ Bathing Robe (for the annual rain retreat) nisīdanaṃ bhikkhu-seat Religious activites for Bhikkhu 83

91) Vikappaṃ : Sharing Accessory Ownership With the exception of determined pieces of cloth, any piece of cloth larger than four by eight inches which may be made up into a robe is called an accessory cloth. As stated above, an acces- sory cloth (or bowl) may be kept by a Bhikkhu for no more than ten days. If he wishes to keep such an item without using it for an extended period of time, he may share the right of ownership. This is called Vikappaṃ. Ownership may be shared with a novice but is more commonly shared with another Bhikkhu. 1.The bhikkhu both form the cloth to fine and kneel sit facing each other. 2.Join hands together at chest level and then pray “Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa” (3 times) 3.The bhikkhu who want to do “Vikappa” bring all fabric cloth placed on the arms which join hands together. First case; cloth only 1 piece then say; Imaṃ cīvaraṃ tuyhaṃ vikappemi. dutiyampi imaṃ cīvaraṃ tuyhaṃ vikappemi. tatiyampi imaṃ cīvaraṃ tuyhaṃ vikappemi. Second case; cloth more than 1 piece then say; Imāni cīvarani tuyhaṃ vikappemi. dutiyampi imāni cīvarani tuyhaṃ vikappemi. tatiyampi imāni cīvarani tuyhaṃ vikappemi. Remark: If the bhikkhu who make “vikappa” has more bhikkhuhood life(senior), should change word “tuyhaṃ” be “āyasmato” 4.Send all the clothes in the hand to the bhikkhu, another one 5.Bhikkhus, another one receiving cloth placed on their arms are pay obeisance. Anyway, says as follows No. 92 84 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

92) Suspending Sharing Ownership If robes have already been shared by Vikappaṃ, but they are needed by one bhikkhu for wearing, the words of suspending sharing should be used as follows: For a senior bhikkhu sharing: Imaṃ cīvaraṃ mayhaṃ santakaṃ paribhuñja vā visajjehi vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karohi. dutiyampi imaṃ cīvaraṃ mayhaṃ santakaṃ paribhuñja vā visajjehi vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karohi. tatiyampi imaṃ cīvaraṃ mayhaṃ santakaṃ paribhuñja vā visajjehi vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karohi. For a junior bhikkhu sharing: Imaṃ cīvaraṃ mayhaṃ santakaṃ paribhuñjatha vā visajjetha vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karotha. dutiyampi imaṃ cīvaraṃ mayhaṃ santakaṃ paribhuñjatha vā visajjetha vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karotha. tatiyampi imaṃ cīvaraṃ mayhaṃ santakaṃ paribhuñjatha vā visajjetha vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karotha. Remark: If referring to two robes change “Imaṃ cīvaraṃ” to “Imāni cīvarāni ” and “santakaṃ” to “santakāni ” 6. Send all the clothes back 93) Giving up the Cloth Three robes; outer robe, over robe and under inner robe if already blessing calls “hold-fabric” which to be kept close at the time, the dawn was up for train bhikkhus to consciousness and have bhikkhu’s sense of duty(samaṇasaññā). Otherwise; fabric care not to damage if any piece away from themselves than an arm’s length while the time dawn coming up then an ecclesiastical offence Religious activites for Bhikkhu 85

1.Two bhikkus, are properly dressed in robes, kneel down facing each other. 2.Join hands together at chest level and then pray “Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa” (3 times) 3.The bhikkus that lack the vinaya then take the fabric placed on the arms clasped his hands if the fabric only one to said; Idaṃ me bhante cīvaraṃ rattivippavutthaṃ, aññatra bhikkhu- sammatiyā nissaggiyaṃ, imāhaṃ tuyhaṃ nissajjāmi. dutiyampi idaṃ me bhante cīvaraṃ rattivippavutthaṃ, aññatra bhikkhusammatiyā nissaggiyaṃ, imāhaṃ tuyhaṃ nissajjāmi. tatiyampi idaṃ me bhante cīvaraṃ rattivippavutthaṃ, aññatra bhikkhusammatiyā nissaggiyaṃ, imāhaṃ tuyhaṃ nissajjāmi. Remark: 1. If the bhikkhu who forfeits the cloth is more senior than the recipient change the word “Bhante” to “Āvuso” and “tuyhaṃ” to “āyasmato” . 2. If referring to two robes change idaṃ...cīvaraṃ to imāni... dvicīvarāni. 3. If referring to three robes change idaṃ...cīvaraṃ to imāni... ticīvarāni. 4. The lack bhikkhu must send all the fabric to another. 5. Bhikkhus, one receiving cloth then put it at the side of himself. 6. The confession of an offence the lack owner bhikkhu must do the confession of an offence as follows no. 96. 7.The bhikkhu says the word back to send cloth fabric all night as follows no. 94. Retuming word as follows the next one and then send all cloth pack. 94) Returning Word Imaṃ cīvaraṃ tuyhaṃ dammi dutiyampi imaṃ cīvaraṃ tuyhaṃ dammi tatiyampi imaṃ cīvaraṃ tuyhaṃ dammi. 86 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

Remark: 1. If the bhikkhu who is given the cloth is more senior than the recipient change the word “tuyhaṃ” to “āyasmato”. 2. If referring to two robes change idaṃ...cīvaraṃ to imāni... dvicīvarāni. 3. If referring to three robes change idaṃ...cīvaraṃ to imāni... ticīvarāni. 8. Bhikkus, one receving clothes then determine again as follows no. 89. 95) Giving up the Atireka Cīvara For a senior bhikkhu recite : Idaṃ me āvuso cīvaraṃ dasāhātikkantaṃ nissaggiyaṃ imāhaṃ āyasmato nissajjāmi. dutiyampi āvuso idaṃ me cīvaraṃ dasāhātikkantaṃ nissaggiyaṃ imāhaṃ āyasmato nissajjāmi. tatiyampi āvuso idaṃ me cīvaraṃ dasāhātikkantaṃ nissaggiyaṃ imāhaṃ āyasmato nissajjāmi. For a junior bhikkhu recite : Idaṃ me bhante cīvaraṃ dasāhātikkantaṃ nissaggiyaṃ imāhaṃ tuyhaṃ nissajjāmi. dutiyampi bhante idaṃ me cīvaraṃ dasāhātikkantaṃ nissaggiyaṃ imāhaṃ tuyhaṃ nissajjāmi. tatiyampi bhante idaṃ me cīvaraṃ dasāhātikkantaṃ nissaggiyaṃ imāhaṃ tuyhaṃo nissajjāmi. Remark: 1. If referring to two robes change idaṃ...cīvaraṃ to imāni... dvicīvarāni. 2. If referring to three robes change idaṃ...cīvaraṃ to imāni... ticīvarāni. 3. It must use returning word as follows no. 94. Religious activites for Bhikkhu 87

96) The Correcting of Offences A bhikkhu who wishes to confess a light offence should arrange his robe over his left shoulder (leaving the right shoulder open), dressing in the same style as the other bhikkhu, and on the same level and piece of floor as that bhikkhu. Firstly, the āvuso confesses his transgressions, by kneeling in a bowed position respectfully before his bhante who is kneeling upright. With both bhikkhus holding their hands in the prayer position in respect, the bhikkhu makes known his wish to confess the offence. If he can recollect the offence specifically, he should first tell it to the other bhikkhu in his own language. This prevents bhikkhu who have the same offence from confessing together. He then recites the traditional Pāli passages for confession. Although the formula for confessing light offences admits a fair amount of variation depending on whether one or more offences of a particular class are being confessed together, and whether the offences deal with one or more rules the blanket form of confession is the one first learnt by new bhikkhu, as it is used on every Uposatha day to clear oneself of any offence, witting or unwitting, before listening to the recital of the Pāṭimokkha. Āvuso : sabbā tā āpattiyo ārocemi.(3 times) sabbā garulahukā āpattiyo ārocemi. (3 times) ahaṃ bhante sambahulā nānāvatthukāyo āpattiyo āpajjiṃ tā tumha mūle paṭidesemi. Bhante : passsi āvuso tā āpattiyo. Āvuso : ukāsa āma bhante passāmi. Bhante : āyatiṃ āvuso saṃvareyyāsi. Āvuso : sādhu suṭṭhu bhante saṅvarissāmi. dutiyampi sādhu suṭṭhu bhante saṃvarissāmi. tatiyampi sādhu suṭṭhu bhante saṃvarissāmi. 88 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

Āvuso : na punevaṃ karissāmi. Bhante : sādhu. Āvuso : na punevaṃ bhāsissāmi. Bhante : sādhu. Āvuso : na punevaṃ cintayissāmi. Bhante : sādhu. (Āvuso end) Then the roles are swapped with the bhante confessing his transgressions, although they remain seated in the same fashion. Bhante : sabbā tā āpattiyo ārocemi.( 3 times) sabbā garulahukā āpattiyo ārocemi. (3 times) ahaṃ āvuso sambahulā nānāvatthukāyo āpattiyo āpajjiṃ tā tuyha mūle paṭidesemi. Āvuso : ukāsa passatha bhante tā āpattiyo. Bhante : āma āvuso passāmi. Āvuso : āyatiṃ bhante saṅvareyyātha. Bhante : sādhu suṭṭhu āvuso saṃvarissāmi. dutiyampi sādhu suṭṭhu āvuso saṃvarissāmi tatiyampi sādhu suṭṭhu āvuso saṃvarissāmi Bhante: na punevaṃ karissāmi Āvuso : sādhu. Bhante : na punevaṃ bhāsissāmi Āvuso : sādhu. Bhante : na punevaṃ cintayissāmi. Āvuso : sādhu. (Bhante end) Religious activites for Bhikkhu 89



ORDINATION PROCEDURE (UKĀSA STYLE) Circumambulation of the ordination hall The ordinand should shave his head, his beard, his armpits and his eyebrows, cut his fingernails and toenails. Dressed smartly, wearing his ceremonial Nāga clothing, he should circumambulate the ordination hall by the right (clockwise) 3 times in procession. His hands should be in the gesture of prayer, clasping between his palms a bouquet comprising three lotus flowers, three sticks of incense and one candle all bound together. The ordinand will need three such posies during the course of his ordination 1. for the circumambulation; 2. to pay homage to the Buddha image in the ordination hall and; 3. to be placed on the lid of the bowl when requesting dependence (Nissāya). Form a line, following the instructions, in the walk way north side of the chapel by ordinal number. Starting on the right with the ordinand with the most seniority. Try to keep 1 metre between each row throughout the procession, and stay level with those in your row. During the first circumambulation of the ordination hall, the ordinand should meditate upon the virtues of the Lord Buddha, by chanting the chant (Itipi so)which will be played over the loud speaker too, during the second circumambulation recollect the virtues of the Dhamma and during the third circumambulation, the Religious activites for Bhikkhu 91

virtues of the Saṅgha. Walk calmly with your eyes looking down, keeping a pure and virtuous mind and visualize a clear bright crystal ball floating in the center of your body. After the third circumambulation, ordinands should enter the ordination ground row by row and line up according to the rehearsed arrangement, to pay homage to the ordination ground. When all arrive, the M.C. will signaltopassthebouquettothefront row tobeplacedonthegiventrays. 97) Paying Homage to the Ordination Ground and Chapel (Sīmā-buddharūpa-vandanā) After the third circumambulation, light the candle and incense at the front ordination ground boundary, bow 3 times then stand to chant homage to the ordination ground boundary: Ukāsa vandāmi bhante, sabbaṃ aparādhaṃ khamatha me bhante, mayā kataṃ puññaṃ sāminā anumoditabbaṃ, sāminā kataṃ puññaṃ mayhaṃ dātabbaṃ, sādhu sādhu anumodāmi. --- Kneel down and hold hands in a gesture of prayer --- Sabbaṃ aparādhaṃ khamatha me bhante. --- Bow once--- Ukāsa dvārattayena kataṃ, sabbaṃ aparādhaṃ khamatha me bhante. --- Bow once, and then stand up--- Vandāmi bhante, sabbaṃ aparādhaṃ khamatha me bhante, mayā kataṃ puññaṃ sāminā anumoditabbaṃ, sāminā kataṃ puññaṃ mayhaṃ dātabbaṃ, sādhu sādhu anumodāmi. --- Kneel down and bow down 3 times --- 92 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

98) Requesting the Going-Forth (Pabbajjā) When ordinands return to the chapel they will line up according to the instructions, the lesser numbers on the left side and the greater numbers on the right side. When they are ready the last ordinand will give the signal to kneel down. Ordinands on the left should place the robes next to their left knee. Ordinands on the right should place the Robes next to their right knee. Ordinands bow 3 times to the principal Buddha image (led by selected ordinands). Sit side-ways waiting for the upajjhāya. When the upajjhāya arrives, ordinands should sit on their knees with a gesture of prayer. The upajjhāya will light the candle and pay homage to the Triple Gem, the ordinands repeating after the upajjhāya. When the upajjhāya sits on the seat, the selected ordinands should present him with the offering and a tray of bouquets, then lead all ordinands to bow 3 times to the upajjhāya. Ordinands pick up the Triple Robes and hold it on their forearms with their palms in the gesture of prayer. Stand up and prepare for Requesting the Going-Forth (pabbajjā). Ukāsa vandāmi bhante, sabbaṃ aparādhaṃ khamatha me bhante, mayā kataṃ puññaṃ sāminā anumoditabbaṃ, sāminā kataṃ puññaṃ mayhaṃ dātabbaṃ, sādhu sādhu anumodāmi, ukāsa kāruññaṃ katvā, pabbajjaṃ detha me bhante. --- kneel down and hold hands in a gesture of prayer --- Ahaṃ bhante, pabbajjaṃ yācāmi. dutiyampi ahaṃ bhante, pabbajjaṃ yācāmi. tatiyampi ahaṃ bhante, pabbajjaṃ yācāmi. Religious activites for Bhikkhu 93

sabbadukkha-nissaraṇa-nibbāna-sacchikaraṇatthāya, imaṃ kāsāvaṃ gahetvā, pabbājetha maṃ bhante, anukampaṃ upādāya. --- 3 times --- sabbadukkha-nissaraṇa-nibbāna-sacchikaraṇatthāya, etaṃ kāsāvaṃ datvā, pabbājetha maṃ bhante, anukampaṃ upādāya. (For a refuge from all suffering, for the attainment of Nibbāna, please Sir, encourage me by accepting my triple robes so that I may ordain.) --- Repeat the above bracketed verse 3 times--- 99) Mūla-kammaṭṭhāna (Basic Meditation Subject) After requesting the going-forth, the ordinands place the Triple Robes back to its position (according to No. 98). Then, the ordinands sit on their knees. The selected ordinands lead to bow 3 times and sit down with their legs folded to one side, with their hands still in the same gesture. The upajjhāya instructs the applicant in the Triple Gem, advises him to develop conviction in it as his Refuge and reminds him of the purpose and benefits of ordination. After that he teaches the applicant the five basic meditation subjects of meditation, and after explaining their meaning and the purpose of contemplating them, recites them in the forward and reverse orders. The applicant repeats them after him word by word as follows: kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco (anuloma) taco dantā nakhā lomā kesā (paṭiloma) 94 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

After taking meditation instruction, the applicant should kneel up and walk on their knees toward the upajjhāya in two rows, and allow the upajjhāya to take the shoulder cloth (Aṅsa) from the robe bundle and put it over the applicant’s head. The applicant should bend and extend his right arm forward in order to let the Aṅsa fall into its place. The applicant should then extend his forearms towards the upajjhāya in order to receive the rest of the robes bundle. He should then back out from the assembly on his knees, stand and leave the chapel to the place prepared for changing. Do not remove the Aṅsa! There will be 2 plastic bags, one for the shirt and another for the belt and robes. There will be bhikkhus helping the ordinand to put on the robe, after they had put on the robes ordinands return to chapel for Taking Refuge and Ten Precepts. 100) Taking Refuge and Ten Precepts (Saraṇa-sīlayācana) Taking Refuge and Ten Precepts is the request for the refuge in the Triple Gem and accepting Ten Precepts for study and practice. The Ten precepts are training rules which help us to maintain proper bodily action, verbal action and ideal conduct of our mind. The number of ordinands in each group will be set by the instructor, depending on the total number of ordinands. Ordinands return back into the ordination hall in group, each ordinand should walk on their knees to the ācāriya seat. Then stop 2 feet from the offering cloth. The first set of ordinands will present the upajjhāya and ācāriya with alms-bowl and make five-point prostration to him three time before requesting the Refuges and Precepts with the following words: Religious activites for Bhikkhu 95

Ahaṃ bhante, saraṇasīlaṃ yācāmi. dutiyampi ahaṃ bhante, saraṇasīlaṃ yācāmi. tatiyampi ahaṃ bhante, saraṇasīlaṃ yācāmi. After this request, the ācāriya will give the Refuge and Precepts, starting with homage to the Triple Gem which the applicant will repeat after him 3 times. Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa. (3 times) The ācāriya says either : yamahaṃ vadāmi taṃ vadehi. The ordinand responds : āma bhante. The ācāriya then gives the refuges and Precepts and the ordinand repeats after him, verse by verse : buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi. dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi. saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi. dutiyampi buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi. dutiyampi dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi. dutiyampi saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi. tatiyampi buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi. tatiyampi dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi. tatiyampi saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi. The ācāriya will say either : tisaraṇagamanaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ. The ordinand responds : āma bhante. He should chant the Ten Precepts after the ācāriya verse by verse, as follow: 1. pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 2. adinnādānā veramaṇī, sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 3. abrahmacariyā veramaṇī, sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 96 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

4. musāvādā veramaṇī, sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 5. surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī, sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 6. vikālabhojanā veramaṇī, sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 7. naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā veramaṇī, sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 8. mālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanṭṭhānā veramaṇī, sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 9. uccāsayanamahāsayanā veramaṇī, sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. 10. jātarūpa rajata paṭiggahaṇā veramaṇī, sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi. imāni dasa sikkhāpadāni samādiyāmi. (3 times) The new novice should bows 3 times, and collect the offering cloth. This is the end of procedure for Taking Refuges and Ten Precepts. Next step, novices should prepare to receive the bowl from their guardian and relatives. 101) Requesting Requesting Dependence is to request for a dependence on the upajjhāya, his guidance, his protection, his teaching and his education. In mass ordination the ordinands will be allocated different times of day, those who must wait for others to ordain first will be able to rest and meet relatives at this time. When it is their turn, their batch of sets of 3 novices will enter the chapel. 1. When novices enter the chapel, they will form a line, consisting of 3 novices, the most senior will be on the left. This we will call a set. Each set will sit on their knees and place the bowl in front of their left knee, if sitting on the left of the Chapel, Religious activites for Bhikkhu 97

or on the right if sitting on the right. The selected novice will lead bowing 3 times, then sit side-ways waiting for the upajjhāya and Saṅgha if they have not arrived yet. 2. When the upajjhāya and the Saṅgha enter the chapel, (novices will sit on their knees in the gesture of prayer) the upajjhāya will light the candle and the incense. He will lead the novices to pay homage to the Triple Gem. The novices should repeat after him. Then, the upajjhāya and the Saṅgha will sit in their position. Selected novices will lead to bow 3 times. 3. At first 3 novices will pick up the bowl, stand up, and walk toward the ordination platform. They should climb on to the platform with their left knees and walk on their knees up to where the upajjhāya is seated. The novices will offer the upajjhāya their bowl with bouquet placed on the lid of the bowl (one at a time by seniority). Then back away 2 steps and bow 3 times, kneel before the upajjhāya with hands in a gesture of respect. Then chant the following: Ahaṃ bhante, nissayaṃ yācāmi. dutiyampi ahaṃ bhante, nissayaṃ yācāmi. tatiyampi ahaṃ bhante, nissayaṃ yācāmi. upajjhāyo me bhante hohi. (3 times) The upajjhāya chants Novice responds paṭirūpaṃ. sādhu bhante. opāyikaṃ. sādhu bhante. pāsādikena sampādetha. sādhu bhante. 98 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

The applicant chants the following 3 times: Ajjataggedāni thero, mayhaṃ bhāro, ahampi therassa bhāro. --- 3 times and bow down 3 times --- 102)  Contemplating on the Use of Receiving Bowl and Robes Novices walk on their knees up to the upajjhāya until their knees touch the bowl. They should kneel with their hand in a gesture of prayer, their back straight, and their eyes looking downward. Now the upajjhāya tells him his own name and the novice’s (Pāli) name. The novice should respond, then continue by acknowledging his requisites with the words, “āma bhante,” as follows : The upajjhāya chant Novice responds ayante patto. āma bhante. ayaṃ saṅghāṭi. āma bhante. ayaṃ uttarāsaṅgo. āma bhante. ayaṃ antaravāsako. āma bhante. The upajjhāya will put the strap of the bowl over the head of the novice and requests him to retire to a point outside the assembly. At this moment, novice will insert his left arm into the strap so the bowl will hang on his left side and each novice with his hand in a gesture of respect then back away (on his knees) until they reach the edge of the plat-form by their. Using their right leg climb down from the platform, then turn around and walk toward the place which is marked by a special piece of cloth (intended as the standing place of the two examining bhikkhus). The novice is to stand facing the assembled bhikkhus, hands joined in the gesture Religious activites for Bhikkhu 99

of respect, one foot from the cloth. Care should be taken by the novice to go round this cloth and not to tread on it. The second and the third novices follow the same procedure. 103) Examination Outside the Saṅgha The pair of bhikkhus who will examine the ordinand will inform the assembly of examination of the novice and then move to where the novice is standing to ask as to any obstructing circumstances to ordination. When the novice is asked he should respond as follows : The upajjhāya chant Novice responds kuṭṭhaṃ. natthi bhante. gaṇḍo. natthi bhante. kilāso. natthi bhante. soso. natthi bhante. apamāro. natthi bhante. manussosi. āma bhante. purisosi. āma bhante. bhujissosi. āma bhante. anaṇosi. āma bhante. nasirājabhaṭo. āma bhante. anuññātosi mātāpitūhi. āma bhante. paripuṇṇavīsativassosi. āma bhante. paripuṇṇante pattacīvaraṃ. āma bhante. kinnāmosi. ahaṃ bhante ...(1)... nāma. ko nāma te upajjhāyo. upajjhāyo me bhante āyasmā ...(2)... nāma. 100 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

Then the two officiating bhikkhus return to the assembly and calls the ordinand into the assembly with the word, “Āgacchatha”. 104) Requesting Ordination (Upsampadā) When the two officiating bhikkhus have finished chanting the set of ordinands approaches the assembly (without stepping on or over the standing cloth of the two officiating bhikkhus), climbing on to the platform with their left knees and walking on their knees, stop between the first pair of bhikkhus, and prostrate himself 3 times before the upajjhāya. During the prostration, the nearest bhikkhu to him holds the bowl-strap to prevent the bowl from falling forward. After this the applicant, kneeling down, utters the following passages asking that he shall be ordained. Saṅghambhante, upasampadaṃ yācāmi, ullumpatu maṃ bhantesaṃgho, anukampaṃ upādāya. dutiyampi bhante saṅghaṃ, upasampadaṃ yācāmi, ullumpatu maṃ bhante saṅgho, anukampaṃ upādāya. tatiyampi bhante saṅghaṃ, upasampadaṃ yācāmi, ullumpatu maṃ bhante saṅgho, anukampaṃ upādāya. --- Bow down 3 times --- The novices then make their way into the assembly near to the upajjhāya . All novices walk by their knees between the two officiating bhikkhus and sit on their knees in front of the upajjhāya, and hold their hands in the gesture of respect. Then the Ordination Religious activites for Bhikkhu 101

Teacher will chant. The two officiating bhikkhus will then examine the novice as to obstructing circumstances again and the ordinand should respond in the same way as before (see Step 104). After the process of examination, the upajjhāya chants the motion for the acceptance of the ordinand as a bhikkhu 3 times. The words, “Evametaṃ dhārayāmi” mark the end of the admonishment and the point where the ordinand is fully accepted as a bhikkhu. The novice should keep his hands raised in a gesture of respect and listen to the clearing of ‘obstructing circumstances’ until the end of the proceedings before responding with the words “āma bhante” and bow 3 times. This is the end of the ordination ceremony. The new bhikkhu should take his offering cloth and bowl to an appointed place outside the assembly in order to receive the offerings prepared by relatives, supporters and well wishers. Offering should be received from women by having the offerings placed upon the offering cloth, and received directly from the hands of men. Caution! Do not return into the ordination ground during the following ordination ceremony, wait until all are over and then all ordinands will join together for listening to the instructions for new bhikkhus given by the upajjhāya. 105) Verse for Requesting for Forgiveness Ukāsa, all of us assembled here on this day, bow in fare- well to mother and father, brothers and sisters, and all amongst the Buddhist congregation here, so that we may take ordination: 102 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

Throughout immeasurable aeons that we have been born and reborn in this cycle of existence, if we have trespassed against any of you –with or without your knowledge, intentionally or without intention, that we can recall or that is without recall -throughout innumerable lifetimes or in this present lifetime: May all assembled here, forgive us our trespasses, that we may be pure in ordination and unblemished in our Brahmafaring in our pursuit of Nibbāna in this lifetime Informing the Saṅgha of the ordinand’s examination When the ordinand have finished the Requesting ordination. Then the upajjhāya will chant to the Saṅgha. For example the ordinand will be named “sobhaṇo”. 106) Verse for Informing the Saṅgha of the Ordinand’s Examination Idāni kho āvuso (bhante) ayaṃ obhāso nāma sāmaṇero mama upasampadāpekkho upasampadaṃ ākaṅkhamāno, saṅghaṃ yācati, ahaṃ sabbamimaṃ saṅghaṃ ajjhesāmi, sādhu āvuso (bhante) sabboyaṃ saṅgho, imaṃ obhāsaṃ nāma sāmaṇeraṃ, antarāyike dhamme pucchitvā, tattha pattakallattaṃ ñatvā ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena ṭhānārahena upasampādemāti, kammasanniṭṭhānaṃ karotu. Among bhikkhus assembly hold hands in a gesture of prayer and respond “sādhu” and then the upajjhāya or ācariyas call the ordinands by āgacchatha. The ordinands crawl on knees to middle of Saṅgha, kneel down and hold hands in a gesture of prayer. Religious activites for Bhikkhu 103

107) The Announcement Examination of the Applicant to the Saṅgha Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ obhāso, āyasmato sobhaṇassa upasampadāpekkho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ obhāsaṃ antarāyike dhamme puccheyyaṃ. 108) Verse for the Announcement Examination of the Applicant to the Saṅgha Suṇāsi obhāsa, ayante saccakālo bhūtakālo, yaṃ jātaṃ taṃ pucchāmi, santaṃ atthīti vattabbaṃ, asantaṃ ntthīti vattabbaṃ, santi te evarūpā ābādhā (Ask) kuṭṭhaṃ…pe... ko nāma te upajjhāyo, (answer) natthi bhante…pe... upajjhāyo me bhante āyasmā sobhaṇo nāma. 109) The motion and the 3 Announcements Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ obhāso, āyasmato sobhaṇassa upasampadāpekkho, parisuddho antarāyikehi dhammehi, paripuṇṇassa pattacīvaraṃ, obhāso saṅghaṃ upasampadaṃ yācati, āyasmatā sobhaṇena upajjhāyena, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ saṅgho obhāsaṃ upasampdādeyya, āyasmatā sobhaṇena upajjhāyena, esā ñatti. suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ obhāso, āyasmato sobhaṇassa upasampadāpekkho, parisuddho antarāyikehi dhammehi, paripuṇṇassa pattacīvaraṃ, obhāso saṅghaṃ upasampadaṃ yācati, āyasmatā sobhaṇena upajjhāyena, saṅgho obhāsaṃ upasampādeti, āyasmatā sobhaṇena upajjhāyena, yassāyasmato khamati, obhāsassa upasampadā, āyasmatā sobhaṇena upajjhāyena, so tuṇhassa, yassa na khamati, so bhāseyya. 104 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

dutiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi, suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayaṃ obhāso, āyasmato sobhaṇassa upasampadāpekkho…pe... so bhāseyya. tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi, suṇātu me bhante saṅgho… pe... sobhāseyya. upasampanno saṅghena, obhāso āyasmatā sobhaṇena upajjhāyena khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ, dhārayāmi. (…pe... request the complete paragraph as a the first time) 110) Verse for Informing the Saṅgha of the Ordinand’s Examination for Two Ordinands According to the proper acceptance procedure, the upajjhāya may take up to three ordinands in a single proclamation. However the vibhatti (case ending) and vacana (speech) of this chanting will change according to Pāli grammar. For example the ordinand will be named “puṇṇo” and “subho” and the name of upajjhāya is sobhaṇo. Proposal of saṅgha resolutions for the upajjhāya Idāni kho āvuso (bhante) ayañca puṇṇo nāma sāmaṇero, ayañca subho nāma sāmaṇero, mama upasampadāpekhā, upasampadaṃ ākaṅkhamānā, saṅghaṃ yācanti, ahaṃ sabbamimaṃ saṅghaṃ ajjhesāmi, āvuso (bhante) sabboyaṃ saṅgho, imañca puṇṇaṃ nāma sāmaṇeraṃ, imañca subhaṃ nāma sāmaṇeraṃ, antarāyike dhamme pucchitvā, tattha pattakallattaṃ ñatvā, ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena ṭhānārahena upasampādemāti, kammasanniṭṭhānaṃ karotu. Among bhikkhus assembly hold hands in a gesture of prayer and respond “sādhu”and then the upajjhāya or ācariyas call the ordinands by āgacchatha. The ordinands crawl on knees to middle of Saṅgha, kneel down and hold hands in a gesture of prayer. Religious activites for Bhikkhu 105

111) The Announcement Examination of the applicant to the Saṅgha Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayañca puṇṇo ayañca subho, āyasmato sobhaṇassa upasampadāpekkhā, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ puṇṇañca subhañca antarāyike dhamme puccheyyaṃ. (The ordinands respond one by one) 112) The Announcement Examination of the Applicant to the Saṅgha Suṇāsi obhāsa, ayante saccakālo bhūtakālo, yaṃ jātaṃ taṃ pucchāmi, santaṃ atthīti vattabbaṃ, asantaṃ natthīti vattabbaṃ, santi te evarūpā ābādhā? (ask) kuṭṭhaṃ…pe...ko nāma te upajjhāyo, (answer) natthi bhante…pe... upajjhāyo me bhante āyasmā sobhaṇo nāma. 113) The Motion and the 3 Announcements Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayañca puṇṇo, ayañca subho, āyasmato sobhaṇassa upasampadāpekkhā, parisuddhā antarāyikehi dhammehi, paripuṇṇamimesaṃ pattacīvaraṃ, puṇṇo ca subho ca saṅghaṃ upasampadaṃ yācanti, āyasmatā sobhaṇena upajjhāyena, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho puṇṇañca subhañca upasampādeyya, āyasmatā sobhaṇena upajjhāyena, esā ñatti. suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayañca puṇṇo ayañca subho, āyasmato manussanāgassa upasampadāpekkhā, parisuddhā antarāyikehi dhammehi, paripuṇṇamimesaṃ pattacīvaraṃ, puṇṇo ca subho ca saṅghaṃ upasampadaṃ yācanti, āyasmatā sobhaṇena upajjhāyena. saṅgho puṇṇañca subhañca upasampādeti, āyasmatā manussanāgena upajjhāyena. yassāyasmato khamati, puṇṇassa ca 106 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

subhassa ca upasampadā, āyasmatā sobhaṇena upajjhāyena so tuṇhassa yassa na khamati so bhāseyya, dutiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi, suṇātu me bhante saṅgho, ayañca puṇṇo, ayañca subho, āyasmato sobhaṇassa upasampadāpekkhā,…pe... so bhāseyya. tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi, suṇātu me bhante saṅgho,… pe... so bhāseyya. upasampannā saṅghena, puṇṇo ca subho ca, āyasmatā sobhaṇena upajjhāyena, khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmi. (…pe... request the complete paragraph) 114) The Upajjhāya’s Words of Orientation for Newly Ordained Bhikkhus Tāvadeva chāyāmetabbaṃ utuppmāṇaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ divasabhāgo ācikkhitabbo saṃgīti ācikkhitabbā cattāro nissayā ācikkhitabbā cattāri ca akaraṇīyāni ācikkhitabbānīti hidaṃ upasampadāya pacchimakiccaṃ bhagavatā vuttaṃ tandāni mayā te upajjhāyena satā tadācikkhanena anukātabbaṃ hoti tante sakkaccaṃ sotabbaṃ. The new bhikkhus respond “āma bhante” and then the upajjhāya gives the next admonition (1) piṇḍiyālopabhojanaṃ nissāya pabbajjā tattha te yāvajīvaṃ ussāho karaṇīyo atirekalābho saṅghabhattaṃ uddesabhattaṃ nimantanaṃ salākabhattaṃ pakkhikaṃ uposathikaṃ pāṭipadikaṃ. The new bhikkhus respond “āma bhante” (2) paṃsukūlacīvaraṃ nissāy pabbajjā tattha te yāvajīvaṃ ussāho karaṇīyo atireka-lābho khomaṃ kappāsikaṃ koseyyaṃ kambalaṃ sāṇaṃ bhaṃgaṃ. Religious activites for Bhikkhu 107

The new bhikkhus respond “āma bhante” (3) rukkhamūlasenāsnaṃ nissāy pabbajjā tattha te yāvajīvaṃ ussāho karaṇīyo atirekalābhovihāro aṭṭayogo pāsādo hammiyaṃ guhā. The new bhikkhus respond “āma bhante” (4) pūtimuttabhesajjaṃ nissāya pabbajjā tattha te yāvajīvaṃ ussāho karaṇīyo atirekalābho sappi navanītaṃ telaṃ madhu phāṇitaṃ. The new bhikkhus respond “āma bhante” (5) upasampannena bhikkhunā methuno dhammo na paṭisevitabbo antamaso tiracchānagatāyapi. yo bhikkhu methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevati assamaṇohoti asakyaputtiyo. seyyathāpi nāma puriso sīsacchinno abhabbo tena sarīrapandhanena jīvitu evameva bhikkhu methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevitvā assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo. tante yāvajīvaṃ akaraṇīyaṃ. The new bhikkhus respond “āma bhante” (6) upasampannena bhikkhunā adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ na ādātabbaṃ antamaso tiṇasalākaṃ upādāya. yo bhikkhu pādaṃ vā pādārahaṃ vā atirekapādaṃ vā adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādiyati assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo. seyyathāpi nāma paṇḍupalāso pandhanā pamutto abhabbo haritattāya evameva bhikkhu pādaṃ vā pādārahaṃ vā atirekapādaṃ vā adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādiyitvā assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo. tante yāvajīvaṃ akaraṇīyaṃ. The new bhikkhus respond “āma bhante” (7) upasampannena bhikkhunā sañcicca pāṇo jīvitā na voropetabbo antamaso kunthakipillikaṃ upādāya. yo bhikkhu sañcicca manussaviggahaṃ jīvitā voropeti antamaso gabbhapātanaṃ upādāya assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo. seyyathāpi nāma puthusilā devadhā bhinnā appaṭisandhikā hoti evameva bhikkhu sañcicca manussaviggahaṃ jīvitā voropetvā assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo. tante yāvajīvaṃ akaraṇīyaṃ . 108 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

The new bhikkhus respond “āma bhante” (8)upasampannena bhikkhunā uttarimanussadhammo na ullapitabbo antamaso suññāgāre abhiramāmīti. yo bhikkhu pāpiccho icchāpakato asantaṃ abhūtaṃ uttarimanussadhammaṃ ullapati jhānaṃ vā vimokkhaṃ vā samādhiṃ vā samāpattiṃ vā maggaṃ vā bhalaṃ vā assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo. seyyathāpi nāma tālo matthakacchinno abhabbo puna viruḷhiyā evameva bhikkhu pāpiccho icchāpakato asantaṃ abhūtaṃ uttarimanussadhammaṃ ullapitavā assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo. tante yāvajīvaṃ akaraṇīyaṃ. The new bhikkhus respond “āma bhante” and the Kneel down and bow down 3 times. Remark: 1. The new bhikkhus more than two request “te” change to “vo” and “tante” change to “taṃ vo” 115) Requesting Forgiveness Bhikkhus : there pamādena dvārattayena kataṃ sabbaṃ aparādhaṃ khamatu no bhante. Senior Bhikkhu : ahaṃ khamāmi, āyasmantehipi me khamitabbaṃ. Bhikkhus : khamāma bhante. For only one requesting bhikkhu Bhikkhu: there pamādena dvārattayena kataṃ sabbaṃ aparādhaṃ khamatu me bhante. Senior Bhikkhu: ahaṃ khamāmi, āyasmantāhipi me khamitabbaṃ Bhikkhu: khamāmi bhante. Remark: therepamādena:Forseniorbhikkhuswhohave10vassaorhighly but for bhikkhus in general : āyasmante pamādena Religious activites for Bhikkhu 109

116) Start of Vassa Vow (Bhikkhus officially take a vow to undertake a 3-month retreat during the rainy season) Imasmiṃ āvāse imaṃ temāsaṃ vassaṃ upemi. dutiyumpi imasmiṃ āvāse imaṃ temāsaṃ vassaṃ upemi. tatiyampi imasmiṃ āvāse imaṃ temāsaṃ vassaṃ upemi. 117) Sattāha Wording Sattāhakaraṇīyaṃ kiccaṃ me atthi tasmā mayā gantabbaṃ imasmiṃ sattāhabbhantare nivattissāmi 118) End of Vassa Vow (Bhikkhus officially take a vow to be each other's Kalayanamitra after the rainy season retreat) Saṅghambhante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṃ āyasmanto anukampaṃ upādāya passanto paṭikkarissāmi. dutiyampi bhante saṅghaṃ pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṃ āyasmanto anukampaṃ upādāya passanto paṭikkarissāmi. tatiyampi bhante saṅghaṃ pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṃ āyasmanto anukampaṃ upādāya passanto paṭikkarissāmi. 110 C H A N T I N G  B O O K

Yo kho Vakkali, dhammaṃ passati, so maṃ passati. Yo maṃ passati, so dhammaṃ passati dhammaṃ hi passanto, maṃ passati, maṃ passanto, dhammaṃ passati. Behold Vakkali, whoever sees the Dhamma is said to have seen me; whoever sees me is said to have seen the Dhamma. It is true, Vakkali, a person who sees the Dhamma sees me; a person who sees me sees the Dhamma.” Religious activites for Bhikkhu 111