Practise_Your_Grammar_With_Answer_Key

["5. You are very hungry but you haven't got anythingto eat.This is your first day at school.so you don't know wherethe canteenis. What do you sayto your classmate? ? 6. You are at the doctor'soffice and you aregoing to havea minor operationtomorrow. You want to learnif you can havebreakfastin the morning.What do you sayto your doctor? 1. You havejust found a cat in the gardenand you want to bring it home. What do you sayto your mother? ') 8. You havecalled your dentist.You are talking to his secretaryand you want to make an appointment o seehim at 3.30 on Monday.What do you sayto her? 9. You are invited to a party but you haven'tgot anythingnice to wear. You know that your older sisterhasjust boughta dress.What do you sayto her? ') 10. You are in the library to do your homework. You needto take photocopiesbecause you cannottake someof the books out. There is an elderly lady at the receptiondesk andthereis alsoa photocopymachine.What do you sayto her? ? C. OBLIGATION AND NECESSITY\/ PROHIBITION \/ LACK OF NECESSITY I. Complete\/ rewrite the sentencesusing the structuresof obligation, prohibition and lack of necessityand the cluesif givenin their correctforms. Mrs.Riggsis talkingto Betty,thebaby-sitter. Mrs.Riggs Come Betty. I'd like to introduceyou to my children. This is Bob, and t h a t ' sL u c y . Betty Hi, children.I'm Betty.We'll spenda few hourstogethertonight. Bob&Lucy Hi, Bettyl Mrs.Riggs Listen, Betty. There are some things that I'd like you to remember.We don't smokein the house. Beny I understandM,rs.Riggs.I (1) smoke. Mrs.Riggs Please,give the children their dinner at 8 o'clock. Don't forget, Bob (2) drink his milk beforehe goesto bed. Betty ( 3 ) washthe dishes,Mrs. Riggs? Mrs.Riggs No, you don't. Our maid is goingto do thattomorrowmorning. *** 145","4. You canreturnthebook later. thebook now. lneedto) 5. Don't give this informationto anybodyelse. this informationto anybodvelse. You 6. You cancomehomelatelit'sall right You don't 7. It isn'tnecessaryfor you to finish the reportthis afternoon. this afternoon. You 8. It isn'tnecessaryto wear a tuxedoto the wedding. You 9. Students: to bring our dictionarieseveryday?They arevery heavy. Teacher : I'm afraidyou do. You must alwayshavethem with you. 10. A : The grassin the gardenis overgrown. We haven'tcut it for ages. B : Yes,it really to be cut. I L You canenterthat restauranwt ithout wearinga tie. to enterthatrestaurant. You don't 12. It isn'tnecessaryfor you to cometo the office on Saturday. You 13. You arenotallowedto enterthebuildingwithouta visitor'spass. to enterthe buildins. (get) t4. A CanI borrow thecarthisevenine? drive too fast. You rememberbeins fined for B Yes,but you speedinglastweek,don't you? 1 5 .A Wherehaveyou been? I've beenwaiting out in the cold for almostan hour. B Sorrv. but I had a f-lattvre on the wav so I c h a n g ei t . 146","16. It is not necessartyo book a room. Thereis 17. It is necessaryfor you to bring the reporton time. You the report on time. 18. You worried so much aboutyour gradesbut it wasn'tnecessary. You II. Fill in the blanksusingthe correctforms of the words in the box. Usethem only ONCE. need had better supposedto ousht should l. He can't seethe blackboard.He wearhis eve-slasses. 2. We not climb anyhisher.It canbe dangerous 3. A restaurant to be cleanandneat. look after the garden because we have hired a 4. You gardener. 5. The doctors are startwork in the Health Centreat 9.00 in the morning. III. Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the modals in the box and the verbs in brackets.Usethem only ONCE. have to must need l. I (go) to the bookstoreas a friend of mine offeredto buy me the readingbook, so insteadI went back to the classroom. 2. That traffic sign meansdrivers (exceed)the speedlimit whiledrivingin town. 3. We (stop)for sometime on the way to istanbulbecause therewas an accident. IV. Complete the sentencesbelow by using the correct forms of the modals in the box and the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. You can use a modal more than once. must haveto need should l. He (buy) any furniture becausehe rented a f u r n i s h e df l a t . 2. You (argue)with thepolicemanwhen he gaveyou a fine for speedingN. ow, he is takingyou to court. t11","3. Although it was Sunday yesterday, I got up early because I (take)my motherto the airport . TA. Hospitals have put new signs on their walls. According to these signs you (use)mobilephoneswhen you arein a hospital. 5. You (come)to my houseyesterdayafternoonto bring thetestresultsA. nitahadalreadysent hemby e-mail. D. ADVISABILITY \/ EXPECTATIONS \/ CRITICISM AND REGRET I. Rewrite the sentencesusingshould,oughtto or had betterin their correct forms. l . I regretnot tellingmy fatherabouttheparty. Z. If I wereyou, I would inform him aboutthe problems. 3. It is wrong of you to leavea room without sayinggood bye. 4. It was wrons of her to crossthe streetwithout lookins at the traffic lishts. 5. It will be betterif vou don't mentionthe matterwhen Tom is aroundbecausehe reallv eets angry. II. CriticiseTom for the thingshe hasexperiencedrecently. TOM YOU Ycsterdamy y roomwasin a mess. Wcll. you Everything was lying around. When my mother came in, she trippedandtell over. I got a terriblegradeon rny maths cxam and daddy is reallyupset. 148","Last weekend,I went to a disco without telling mum and I met a friend of aunt Sally's there. Now. I'm worried and I have nightmares. III. Readthe letter which wassentto Doctor Sun'shealthcolumn in the paper and his responseT. hen write down what the patientshould\/ ought(not) to do. DearDoctor Sun, Your illness is called gittgivitis and often the build-up tartar on the teeth I have an awful problem. My gums have causesthis. Your dentistcan remove beensoreand rcd. You can't imaginehow tartar when you have a check-up. I1' ditllcult it is to eat something.Whetr I you want to have healthY gums. touch my gurns,they bleed.I am terrified dental care is essential. Blushing at the thought of seeinga dentist.That's your teeth 3 times a day for at least2 why I haven't been to a dentistfor more minutes is very important. Don't than l0 years. forget untreatedgingivitis can lead to lossof all the teeth. gum Eg:You should \/ ought to see dentist. I 3. aA. 5. IV. Readeachsituationand write a sentencewith had better. 1. Yourdaughtewr antsto wearherhigh-heelesdhoesto schoolY. ou thinksheshouldn'dt o that.Whatdo yousayto her? Your friend wantsto invite Tom to a party.You think he shouldn'tdo that.What do you sayto him? t49","3. Your unclehasbeenill for sucha long time. You think he shouldseea doctorright away. What do vou savto him? 4. You aregoing to drive to London.You think you shouldbuy somepetrol beforeyou go. What do you sayto yourself? 5. Mary wantsto play the guitar late at night. You know that the neighboursnexr cloorwill be annoyed.What do you sayto Mary? V. What advice might you give to a friend who l. seemsvery unhappy? 2. eatstoo much? 3. is planningto live in Japan? 4. hasn'tbeenableto sleepwell for a long time? 5. spendsa lot of money? 6. hasiustmissedthebus? 7. hasn'tbeento the dentistfor nearlya year? 8. often forgetsto take his driving licencebeforehe drives to work? 9. feelsterriblyill? 10. is planningto go to a restauranwt hich is usuallycrowded? 150","E. MISCELLANEOUS I. Mark the bestchoice. 1. A: Why areyou homesoearly? B: I this afternoon. a) needn'thaveworked c) didn'thaveto work d) oughtnot to work b) shouldn'thaveworked 2. The sky is grey and therearelots of clouds.It's going to rain tonight.In that case.we havethepartyin thegarden. a) can't c) oughtnot b) mustn't d) don'thaveto 3. The personyou saw having dinner with Mary last night Jack. a) can't havebeen c) mustbe b) can'tbe d) canbe 4. I'm sure Sue was at home last night. You - her twin sisterSally at the concert.They look very alike. a) musthaveseen c) may see b) shouldhaveseen d) couldn'tsee 5. Mmm ...,this cakeis deliciousS. usan it from a pastryshop.I know shecan'tbakeat all. a) musthavebought c) couldn'thavebought b) may buy d) mustbuy 6. Ir was a big mistaketo leavethe childrenalonein the playground.Thank God they're fine,but they hurt themselves. a) can'thave c) might b) couldhave d) mustn'thave 7. Last week in the final exam, our teachersaid she trustedus and left the classroom. We easily,but we didn't aswe arehoneststudents. a) could cheat c) were cheating b) cheated d) couldhavecheated 8. I havehad my hair cut weeksagobut I just didn't havetime. a) must c) can b) ought d) should 9. I have no idea where Charlesis. He in the living roorn,or perhaps he'sin the kitchen. a) might sit c) might havesat b) might be sitting d) might havebeensitting 10. The televisionwe havejust bought isn't working. It during r51 production. a) canbe damaged c) shouldhavebeendamaged b) musthavebeendamaged d) mustbe damaged *>k*","PaulandMary haveheardsomenoiseand they are looking out of the window. Paul : Look! Therearesomemen in uniform in front of our buildine. Mary T h e y( 11 ) be firemenor policemen.I ( 12) s e et h e r n clearly. Paul T h e y( 13 ) policemen.There is a fire engineby the corner. Mary And I smellsmoke.There(14) be a fire somewherein the building. Paul The smokeis comingfrom thethird floor. The fire (15) there. Mary C o m eo n ,w e ( 1 6 ) loseany moretime.Let's getout of here quickly. 13. a) can'tbe b ) m u s t n ' tb e I l. a) would 12. a) can't c) musthavebeen d) canhavebeen b) will b) mustn't c) may c) shouldn't d) haveto d) needn't 14. a) can 15. a) shouldn'tstart 16. a) rnightnot b) must b) might not havestarted b)mustn't c) might c) couldstart c) tnaynot d) may d) must havestarted d ) d o n ' t h a v et o il. Fill in the blanksusingthe correctforms of the modalsin the box. You can usethen.r more than once. should can have to Before you go to a Mediterranean country in the summer, you (1) reservea room weeks before you go becausethousandsof people visit thesecountriesduring the summermonthsand it is very difficult to find a room in a shorttime. It is alsoa sood ideatcr reserve plane tickets. You (2) have a passport because you (3) entera foreign country without one. When you arrive at a hotel. vor-r (4) fill in a form. It is a rule.A hotel hasmany otherrules;for exampre. you(5) takeyour cat or dog with you to the hotel room so leaveyour pet at home. Usually,you (6) pay for children under 5 and for children between5 and 12 you pay half price. At the hotel'srestauranyt ou (7) pay aftereachmeal.If you like, you (8) pay for your mealslater,when you areIeaving. 152","ilI. Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the modals in the box. Use each onlv ONCE. have to can must ought to The following are someflight safetyrules.Eachpassengeirs askedto obey them beforethe planetakesoff. You (1) take hand luggagewith you on the plane.But pleasedon't take more than one piece,becausethere is very little spacein the cabin for extra baggage.There are cupboardsabovethe seatsfor your hand luggage.However. ),ou (2) putit thereY. ou maypreferto usethespaceunderyourseats. Pleaseremember:You (3) smokeon theplane.Not evenin the toilets Always returnto your seatswhen the \\\"fastenyour seatbelt\\\" sign is on. We also have one piece of advice.As you know, we servealcoholicbevera-eedsutittc thc flight. It is betterif you don't drink too much. So, you (4) l i m i t the number of your drinks. This wa.vyou will be able to act more quickly in caseof itn emergency. IV. Complete\/Rewrite the sentencesusing the modals in the box oNCE. l. I couldn't leavemy room in a messwhen I was a child. my roomwhenI wasa child. 2. ls it all right if I borrow your Pen? your pen? 3. I am not busyat themoment,so you don't haveto go. as long as yor.rlike. I am not busy at the moment;you A: I phonedyou at nine yesterdaymorning and got no answer. B: I in the gardenbecauseI plantedsomeflowers all mornlng. 5. Today thereisn't a cloud in the sky. I think it is going to be a beautifulday so you your umbrellawhen you aregoing out. 6. lt was a mistaketo arguewith him in front of so many people. You with him in front of somanypeople 1 .j5","V. Complete\/Rewrite these sentencesusing modals. l. You and your friends went to a popular restaurantand couldn'tfind a table as it was very crowdedinside.Now you regretthe fact that you didn't reservea table.What do you say? We a tablebeforecomin-qhere. 2. Theyhad time to warn us aboutthe stormbut thev didn't. They 3. Sue : Dad, can you lend me f20? I boughta new dressyesterday,and now I haven't got anymoneyleft. Father: You all your rnoney on a dress.I'm sureyour mum will get angrywith you when shefinds out. 4. A: Did you hearme comein Iastnight? B: No.I asleep.I was tired and I went to bed early. 5. It was a stupidthing to cheatin the exam. You 6. He had enoughtime to haveanotherdrink, but he went homeinstead. He anotherdrink, but he went homeinstead. 7. I regretnot telling him the truth aboutthe accident. I 8. Fredahad a lot of moneyto buy a largehousebut shedecidedto buy a small flat instead Freda 9. A : Where arethe keysto the attic? B : On theshelfin thekitchen. A : No, they'renot. B : But I rememberputtingthem there. A : Well, they'renot on the shelf.Where can they be? B : They by Jack becausethere was nobody else at home. Why don'tyouaskhim? 10. Whenwe wereatprimarvschoowl e a bottleof milk anda sandwichat 10.00o'clockeverymorning. I 1. Tina is not in her office. Perhapssheis in the cafeteria. Tina in the cafeteriabecausesheisn't in her officc. 154","| 2. Las't month, we went to Egypt. On the morning of our ilght when we woke up we saw that everywherewas coveredwith snow.We couldn't take out our car so we had to take a taxi to the airportnot to missthe plane.It costa fortune.When we arrivedat the airportwe learnedthat our flight was cancelled. We a taxl. 1 3 .A I had my umbrella when I cameout but I haven'tgot it now. B I'm not surebut you it at work or on the bus. 1 4 .A I saw a snakenearthe river vesterday. a snake.There aren't any snakesin B You thispartof thecountry. 1 5 .A I left my bicyclehereandnow it's gone. B Don't worry. I saw it while coming home andput it in the garagebut it . Be careful. 1 6 .A Perhapshe droveback. that.He doesn'thavea car. B No, he 1 7 .A That carpetwas madeentirelyby hand. B :It a long time to weave. 18.A I sawAnn in thelibraryyesterday her.She'sstill abroad. B : You 19. I wonderwho broke the wineglass?It the cat for shewasout all day. 20. Bill neededsomemoneyso he had to sell his car.A few dayslaterhe won a lot of moneyfrom the lottery.He hiscar. zt. A (I) a seatbelt? B Yes,I'm afraidso. It's the law and anywayit will protectyou in an accident. 22. A Did you driveto California? B Well, we had enoughmoneyto fly so we there. 23.A Mum, the saltto me? B Sure. Hereyou are. 24. A Is your kneeanybetter? B I'm afraid not. Dr. Williams says I footballfor anothertwo weeksunlessI receiveheattreatment r)-)","25. Secretary: earlytoday? I sotne moneyfrom my bankaccount. Manager : I'm sorry.but thatisn'tpossible. 26. A : Are you ready? B : No. I am gettingdressed. A : You'd better hurry. If we don't leave the house in five minutes, we a taxi to thetheatre. 156","7.THE PASSIVE 7.1SIMPLE PRESENTAND CONTINUOUS Change the following into passive.(Use the given clues or different verbs where necessary) l. Theysellfurniturein thisstore. in thisstore. 2. The living room is going to be beautiful.They areredecoratingit. at themoment. The living room 3. They publishthe nationalnewspaperins Britaineveryday. The nationalnewspapers 4. Everyyearhundredsof peopledie in traffic accidents. in traffic accidents. Everyyearhundredsof people 5. Theypublishthisjournal monthly. Thisjournal 6. Somebodycollectsthe bottlesat the weekend. The bottles 7. Anne : (BMWs \/ produce)in Germany? Jane : Yes. That'swhy they arecheapertherethanin the U.S' 8. They arepulling down the old churchin the square. The old church 9. In this part of the country , frequentstormsdamagemany buildings every year. every year. (get) 10. Therearetwo men following us. two men. 11. They announcethe time of the weekly meetingson Mondays. The time of 15'7","7.2SIMPLE PAST AND CONTINUOUS but I havecome anywaty. A. Changethe following into passive. l. They didn't inviteme.but I havecomeanyway. I 2. They interviewedthe applicantsyesterday. The applicants 3. Someonebroke the mirror lastnisht. The mirror 1. Someonecleanedthe windows at the weekend. The windows 5. They repairedthe f-encefalling apart. The fence 6. I felt asif someonewas watchingme. I felt asif I B. Fill the gapswith the correct forms of the verbs. A : How is your sisterT. im? B : Sheis in hospitalat themoment. A : What's the marterwith her? B : While shewas walkingdown the srreets. he( I ) (run over)b1, a car. The gameof croquet (2) (invent)in Francein the l3th century.Toclay however,it (3) (play) everywhere,from the United Statesto India and Australia. Everyday hundredsofpeople (4) (kill) in car accidentsb. ut Leslie and her daughtersare amongthosewho (5) ( b ct I u c k l t o b e r r l i cr . L e s l i e( 6 ) (drive)on a windingmountainroadyesterdayafternoon when she suddenly(7) (lose)the control of the cur. The eur (run) off the roadfalling into a river. Leslie anclher two daushters (tt) (9) (wear)theirsearbeltsso thev( 10) (in.iule) r58","verv seriouslyby the fall. They wantedto leavethe car but they couldn't becausethe water outsidewas too cold and too fast for safeswimming. Another driver who saw the accident informed the police immediately. Special rescuers and a truck (ll; (call) to pull the car out . It took two hoursto pull Leslie and her daughtersout of the water. Then, they (12) (fake) to hospitalfor a check-up. Leslieand her daughtersare at home now. They (13) (try) to overcomethe shockof the accident. Two days ago a robbery took place in * ,n\\\" largestbranchesof a famous bank. The \\\"\\\"\\\" r o b b e r y( 1 4 ) (deal) with successfullydue to the bank manager who(15) (push)the alarmbuttonunder his deskcalmly, while he let one of the threerobbers(16) (open)the safeoppositehim. At the time,the otherrobbers( l7) (point) their guns at the customersthzrl were extremelyfrightened.They didn't know that the police were on their way to the bank and would arrivesoon.The robbers(18) (arrest;as soon as thcy (l9) (leave) the bank. In this way, all the money which they (20) ( s t e a l()2 1 ) ( s a v e ) . T h eb r a v eb a n km a n a g e r r)1 t (reward) by the insurance company tney (23) (lose)so many millions.Now many banksare planningto organizecourseswheretheir managerscan learnwhat to do in caseof emergenoy *** Every day. a lot of road accidents(24) (happen)due to r,arious reasonsM. ost of theseaccidents(25) (cause)by carelessdriving or bad weather conditions. Two days ago. a car accident on Abbey Road (26) (report) to the police. A resclre helicopter (21) (send)to the sceneof the accidentimmediatelyA. ccordinsto rhe peoplewho witnessedthe accident,the driver of one of the cars (28) (go) much fasterthan the speedlimit when it (29) ( c r a s h i)n t o anothercar comingfrorn the otherdirection. Luckily, the drivers of the two cars (30) (kill). However, they (31) (injure) badly. Today, two days after the accident.the two driversare still in hospitalunder medicalobservationand with the help of the doctors.they (321 (try) to recoverfrom the shockof the accident. 159","Sixty-five million years ago a large meteor, about 10 kilometers wide, (33) (drop) on earthat a speedof thousandsof kilornetersper hour. Millions of tons of dust rose into the sky. The temperatureof the earth increasedabout 5 or 6 degreesCelsius.Becauseof the changein temperaturen, early seventypercentof life on E,arth (34) (destroy). 35. This town has suffereda greattragedy.Ten people (kill) in a huge e x p l o s i o ny e s t e r d a ym o r n i n g . 7.3 PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE A. Change the following into passive. 1. They have redecoratedthe town library. The town library 2. Has anyoneansweredyour questions? 3. Thev'vecleaned the gardencompletely. The garden 4. Peoplehaveproducedmore and more advancedcomputerssincethen. More and more advancedcomputers 5. They havereducedthe price of cars. The price of cars 6. Have the membersof the football federationannouncedthe exact time of the match? by the membersof the footbali federation? 7. This room doesn'tneedcleaning;somebodycleanedit a shorttime ago. This room (already) 8. I havetypedthe lettersbut not the report. I havetypedthe lettersbut the report (yet) B. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 'Good eveningladiesand gentlemenT. his is the 7 o'clocknews: S w e d i s hp o l i c e( l ) (ust \/ announce)that five paintingsby Picasso Q ) (steal)fiom Stockholm'sModern Museum.The paintingswere valued by experts at about f.40 million. The police believe rhar the,v 160","(3) (take) early on Saturday evening. but for some reason the museum's burglar alarm (4) (work) at the time and the thefi Monday morning. The police (s) (discover) until (6) (investigate) the crime since then. but they ( 7 ) (find) any cluesyet.' The face of the earth (8) (shape)by man as well as the nature.In the last50 years,manygreatdams (9) (build) on the world's rivers and many lakes (10) (form'). The Kariba Dam. which (11) (complete) in 1960, and the Volta Dam, which (12) (finish) in 1966,are two of the biggestin Africa. Thanks to these dams,thousandsof squaremiles of dry land (13) (make) fertile and e n o u g h e l e c t r i c i t y( 1 4 ) (generate)for new industriesand millions of homes. 'Good eveningladiesand gentlemenH. ere is the six o'clocknews: In the lastfew days,uncontrollablefires ( l s ) (burn) thousandos f square miles of trees in the South of France and the beautiful forests in the area (l 6 ) (destroy) completely. Last night, the fires (17) (reach) the most popular holiday resort of South France. The touristswho (18) (sleep) in their rooms at the time (l9) (rescue)by the membersof the rescueteam.' 7.4PASTPERFECTSIMPLE A. Rewritethesesentenceussingthe passivevoice. 1. Theytoldusthatthepolicehadcaughthemurderer. 2. When we returnedhome.we found that someonehad brokeninto our flat. 3. By the time Suegot here,we had sold all of the second-handbocks. t6l","4. Beforethe GreenPeacemembersarrived,peoplehad cut down the pine trces. 5. When Martha's mothercamein, shenoticedthat somebodyhad cookeclthc clilner-,cleaned thekitchenandlaid therable. 6' The burglaropenedthe door and walkeclin silentlyassomebodyhad left rhe fronr door unlocked. 7' By the time I got to class,the teacherhad alreadygiven the writing sectionof the mid-terrn. 8. By the time shewas 20, her parentshad given her everypossibleadvanrage q she wentto thepostoffice afierherfatherhadwrittenthe letter. 10. After thejanitor hadphotocopiedsomeexercisest.he teacherwent to the classroom. ts.Fill in the blankswith the correctforms of the verbsgivenin brackets. r (1) (have) an amazingexperiencelast week. I was very concernedwhen I receiveda telephonecall from the police station.When I went there, I was told that they ( 2 ) (recover)my bike which (3) (stole)l0 yearsbefore.I wasa universitystudenthenandI hadto work for my living.Havingworkedfor a long time in a cat6as Ir part time waiter.I t4) (finally\/savee) noughmoneyto buy the bicyclewhich I ( s ) (look)forwardto buying.AfrerI (6) (btrv)it. il wir: lr sl'elt pleasureto ride it to school.To cut a long storyshort,I (7) (ride)it for a couple of days,trying ro be as carefulas I could when it (g) (steal).Gettingour of the restauranwr here I worked, I couldn't find my bike. I seemto rememberhaving locked it but looking back, I really don't know. I mav have forgotten to lock it. As soon as I ( 9 ) (realize)it wasn'twhereit (10) (leave),I went to the nearest police stationto report the theft. The police officer who dealtwith me was very kincland he 162","wrote a report and told rxe they would contactme if they (I l) (have)any news.No needto say.my bike was neverfound. At first I was in a completeshock but as the time passed.naturally I forgot all about this incident. After a lO-year interval, when thev (t2) (phone)from the police station,imagine what a surpriseit was to hear t h a tm y b i c y c l e( 1 3 ) (find). I went to the police stationas soon as I cor-rldI. (14) (tell) that the thief (I 5) (ust\/ arrest) and he (l6) (take) the police to the garagewhere he kept the stolengoods.Arnong thosewas my bicycle.There was a srnallpieceof paperon eachitem with the name and the addressof the owner so the oolicewere ableto contactme. 7.5 FUTURE A. Changethe following into passive. l^ The managerwill probably givethe speech. The speech 2. Theywill tellyou in advance. You 3. Theywill hirea woman. A woman 4. The hospitawl ill sendhis wife thebill nextweek. The bill Hiswife 5. Someonewill showyou whereto stay. You 6. They will haveflnishedthe roof by Monday. The roof l . S h ew o n 't havefinishedthe storvuntil Fridav. The story 8. Theirinsurancceompaniys goingto pay7}Voof thebill. l}Vc of thebill 9. Who areyou goingto invite? Who 163","B. Mark the bestchoice. 1. A : Is thereany newsaboutthe taxes?Is the governmentgoing to abolishthem? B : No. Unfortunately,taxes . On the contrary,the Prime Minister saysthey will increasethem. a) ivill be abolished c) will abolish b) won't be abolished d) will haveabolished 2. They havepromotedJohnbut he _ more. a)will bepaid c) won't bepaid b) will pay d) won't pay 3. The decoratorssaythe downstairsrooms by Friday. a) will bepainted c) will havebeenpainted b) will paint d) won't bepainted 1. If vou interruDal\\\"sain.vou c) will havebeenpunished a) will punish d) will havepunished b) will bepunished 5.He-intojailunlessheproveshisinnocenSeSoon. a)will beput c) will havebeenput b) will put d) will beputting 7.6 MODALS A. Fill the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs. Planners(l ) (decide)tomorrow whether the office (2) ( s h o u l d\/ b u i l d ) . 3. We wouldlike thereport (revise). 4. Don't chew thesepills. They (must\/ take)rvith water. 5. A : The grassin the gardenis overgrown. We haven'tcut it for ages. B : Yes,it really (need\/ cut). 6. A new road (haveto \/ build) to solvethe traffic problem 2 yearsago. B. Changethe following into passive. 1. No onecanusethattypewriter. 2. They couldn'tseethe ship. 164","3. Peoplemustn't park their carshere. 4. Thevshouldn'dt ismisJsim. 5. They had to answerall the questions. 6. Somebodymust haveeatenall the food. 7. Somebodymight havestolenyour car. 8. You can't takethesebooksout of the library. 9. You oughtto repairthatTV set. 10. Somebodyhasto takethesearticlesto the publisher. I 1. You needn'thavecalledthedoctor. 12. Thev shouldhavecheckedthe results. 13. We might invite a few reportersto the party. 14. You could havefinishedthe reportby now. 15. He may havelostthepaperson theway to school. 7.7REVIEW OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVEVOICE Completethe conversationsbelowusingthe givenclues. A. A : Haveyouheardabout heaccident?Two carscrashedeeulythismorning. B : Oh,really?(l) (it \/ happen) r65","On thecornerof Kings RoadandElm Street. B (2) (anybody\/ injure) A Yes. one of the drivershit a ten-year-oldgirl who was crossingthe street B Oh,poorlittlegirl! (3) (she\/ take) To the Royal Hospital. Luckily, her conditionis not very serious. B Oh,good. (4) to leavethe hospital? (she\/ allow; In a f-ewdays. to thepoliceyet? B (s) (accident\/ report) Yes, a patrol car arrivedat the sceneof the accidentimmediately. B. 'Good morning, this is the eight o'clock news. The public librarl, ( l ) (breakinto) by somevandals.The incidenthappenecllate last night.In the studiotodaywe haveMiss Wayne,the headof the library.' Presenter : (2) (anything\/ steal), Miss Wayne? Miss Wayne : No , but they damagedsomeof our most valuablebooks. Presenter : (3) thepolice? Miss Wayne : My secretarydid. When she cameearly this morning, she saw that the vandals ( 4 \\\\ (throw)all thebooksout of theirshelves. Everythingwas on the floor. C. Severavlillageisn Scotlan(dl) (cut) off for threediivsdue to a snowstonl. T h c 's n o w s t o r m( 2 ) (start)on Saturdayat 4 p.m. Since then. threepeople (3) (lind) dead. To make things worse, food supplies (4) (run) out quickly. It is predictedthat they can only last a couple of days.Fortunately.somefood (5) (drop) by a helicopterlarertoday.People ( 6 ) (already\/warnb) y the police to avoid the area. 166","8. CONDITIONAL SENTENCESAND WISHES 8.1TYPE O Fill in theblankswith the correctformsof the verbsin brackets. I . Don't trv to oDenthe coverif the machrne ( w o r k) . 2. You know that she getsupsetif you (treat)her like a child.So why do you keepdoingthis? 3. A: I'm collectingpicturesof Ricky Martin. If you (see) one in the magazineyou'rereading, please ( c u t )l t o u t for me. B: Okay. 4. If you needfurther information,please (call)4,1425 25. 5. The museum attendantsnever tlett peoplein if' tlrcl (have)a ticket 6. Don't interrupthim if he (work). 7. Ifyou ( p r e s s t)h i s b u t t o n ,t h e m a c h i n e (s t a f t) . 8. Newspaperis a good insultrtor[.f you (wrap)a hot panot food in newspaperi,t (keep)heatin andcold out. 9. (take)a pain killer if you (have) a sore w11st. 10.If you (peel)the vegetablesand put them in the refri-eeratort.hey ( l o s e )t h e i r v i t a m i n s . 8.2TYPE 1 A. Fill in the blankswith the correctforms of the verbsin brackets. l . S h ew i l l c a l ly o u i f s h e (need)any advice. 2. He canonly comeif themeeting (take)placeon a Friday 3. If you don't passtheexam, (take)it again'\/ (lose)our way if 4. Let's keep to the main road. We we (not). 5. He will only get therein time if he (leave)right now. 6. If the companydirector (increaseo) ur salary.we'li resign. 7. If I seePeter this afternoon,I t t e l l t h i m a b o u tt h c goodnews. t6l","8. During the exam, don't spendtoo much time on a single question.Go on to the next questionif you (be)sureof the answer 9. I'm studying for the proficiency exam. It's on Monday. If I (passi)t, I (take) my friends out for a drink 10.We (go) to the beachif it (be) warnt urid sunnytomorrow. ( c o m e )h e r ef o r I l. I hopethe museumis open.If it is closed,we nothing. 12. A: Why areyou leavinghomeso early? B: Becausief I (leave)home early,I ( b e )l a t el o r work. 13. If theguestsdon'tcome,we (cook)all this food for nothing. B. Completethe sentences. eg. I am late. If I can find a raxi, I will ltef to work on time. l. I am tired.If I go homeeariytonight, 2. I am excited.If I can buy ticketsfor the concert, 3. I am angry.If I seehirr again, 4. I am happy.If he visitsme today, C. Rewritethe sentenceswithout changingtheir meanings. l. Thereis a chancethatI will seehim today.In thatcaseI will tell him to call you. If fl (happen) 2. Thereis a chancethathe will comeheretomorrow;thenI will give him your message. '{h.rPPtt 3. Thereis a chancethatshewill leaveschoolearly,thenshewili go shoppingwith her mother. ,h.pp\\\"t r68","8.3CONDITIONALS WITH UNLESS Rewrite the follorving usingunlesswithout changingtheir meanings. 1. If you don'tlosepoints,you'll win. Unless 2. lf you ieaveat once,I won't call the police. Linless 3. The bomb will explodeif they don'tdestroyit. Unless 4. If shegetsa visa,she'llbe allowedto enterthe country. unless 5. I can readthe subtitlesonly if I wear my glasses' unless 6. Shecannotborrow a book if shedoesn'thavea library ticket' Unless 7. If you don'tgo homeearly,your motherwill getangry. Unless 8. If Mark apologizesI, will forgive hirn. Unless 9. I don'tthink I'll be ableto solvethis problemwithout your help. U n l c - syso u this problem. 10. If Bob doesn'tpractiseregularly,he won't passthe driving test. unless I l. We can catchthe schoolbus only if we leavenow. We unless 12. You canreturnthis productonly if you bring the receipt. You unless 8.4POSSIBILITY WITH IN CASE A. Fill the gapsusingif or in case. I get hungry. 1. I'm takingsomesandwichewsithme 2. Peopleinsurethcirhouses they catchfire. 3. You'll becaught you breakinto thathouse. 4. The alarmclock will eo off yousetit properly. 5. I've boushtsomefood vour friendsstavr,vithus for lunch. r69","6. Sheis packingsomeaspirins the sungivesher a headache 7. I'll swim I canfind a swimsuit. 8. He's playingtennisthisafternoon theweatherisn't snowy. 9. Go and seethe doctor you don't feelwell. 10. Finishthereporttoday you don't havetime tomorrow. I l. I'll give you my mobile-phonenumber you needto get in touch with me during the race. more guestsarnve. 12. Buy two extrabottlesof wine 13. You'd betterleaveten minutesearly_-- thereis a lot of traffic. B. Rewrite the following using in case.Do not changethe meaning. l. Don'tmovehim.His lesmavbebroken. 2. Buy somecandlesbecausetheremight be an electricitycut. 3. Take somecashwith you becausesomeshopsmight not acceptcreditcards 4. I am going to insurethe video camera.It might get stolen. 5. I remindedhim aboutthe invitationbecauseit was possiblethat he would forset to sencilt. 6. Drive carefullvbecausethe road might be icy 7. Don't forget to lock all the doors and windows as there rnay be burglars in the neighbourhood. B. Perhapswe will get thirstyso I will preparesomelemonade. 9. You may needto contactme, so I'll give you my phonenumber. n0","10. Arrange health insurancebefore you start working abroad. You might need medical treatment. 1L Susanshouldtype the letternow becauseshemight not haveenoughtime lateron. 12. You shouldhavea sparetyre becauseyou might havea puncture. 13. My alarmclock may not go off so I havephonedthe wake-upservice. 8.5CONDITIONALS WITH PROVIDEDAND AS LONGAS Rewritethe following without changingtheir meanings.Usethe givenclues. I . You can't akeoutthisbookif youdon'tfill outa fonn. (provided) 2. Shewill haveto repeatthe courseif shedoesnot studyregularly. (aslong as) 3. I won't be ableto getthereon time if you don'tgive me a lift. (provided) 4. Inflation ratewon't decreaseif the governmentdoesn'ttake appropriatemeasures. (provided) 5. Yourparentswon'tforgiveyouunlessyouapologizefor whatyouhavedone (providing) 6. You won't be allowedin if you arenot registered. (aslong as) 1. I will lend you my lap top but you shouldpromiseto useit carefully. You can (provided) 8. They won't takethejumper back unlessyou show them the receipt. ( a sl o n g a s ) 171","9. You cannotimproveyour techniqueasa violinist unlessyou attenda master'sclass. (provided) 10. You can't take thesepills if you drink alcohol. (providing) 8.6TYPE 2 A. Rewrite the sentenceswithout changingtheir meanings. L Becausiet is raining,we cannoht avethepartyin thegarden. If 2. Travel agentsreceivefree air tickets.Unfortunately,I'm not working at a traveiagenrs. If 3. He is not hereat the momentso he cannothelp us. If 4. I don'thavehis phonenumber.so I can'tcall him. If 5. I won't invite Sally to dinnerbecauseI don't know her well enough. If 6. He takesa shortholidayashe doesn'tearnenoughmoneyfor a longerone. If 7. Sheisn't in our classso I don't know her name. If 8. I can't go out with you becauseI must cleanmy roorn. If 9. I won't invitehim to my partybecauseI don't like him. If 10. They won't interviewyou for thejob becauseyou don't speakEnglish. If I I. I can'tgo on the excursionasI haveto work at the weekend. If li2","B. Write a pieceof adviceusingy'. thedoor to strangers. 1. My adviceto you is not to openthe door to strangers. IfI 2. My adviceto you is to askhim for a promotion. IfI 3. Mv adviceto vou is to book a room. IfI 4. My adviceto you is to take notesduring the lectures. IfI 5. My adviceto you is to keepthe milk in the refrigerator. IfI 6. My adviceto you is to attendthe classesregularly. TfI 7. My adviceto you is not to go out with sucha rude man. IfI C. Fill in the blankswith the correctforms of the verbsin brackets. I. 1. I havecrossedthe Atlantic Oceanseveraltimes,however,alwaysby plane.Being a businessmanI, am always on a tight schedule.If I (be) so busy,I (book) a voyageon a transatlanticliner or cruiseship. But I'm afraidthiswill alwaysremaina dream. 2. A: I hatemyjob! (hate)it, B: Well,why don'tyou changeit? If you really (look for) anotherone. 3. A: Canyou helpmewith thisreport? (help)you if I (be). B: Sorry,I ambusy.I 4. I haveto work about80 hoursa week.If I (have)more time, I (start) taking tennis lessonsat the sports club. Bul unfortunatelIy'm toobusy. 5. Why don'tyouaskBill about hejob?I amsurehe (accept)it if he (offer). 113","II. A I am going away to the seasidefor a few days. Would you like to join me? B I (la) fioin)youif I (lb) (have)so muchwork to do, but I haveto finishit. You know,therearelotsof burglariesthesedays. You should be careful. Are you friendly with the people next door? If I (2a) (be)you, I (2b) (ask)themto keepaneye on my housewhile I'm away. A Thanksfor remindingme. I 'll do that beforeI (3) (leave) B When will you be back? A I'm hoping to get the 9 o'clock train on Sunday morning. but if I (4a) lmiss)it. I (4b) (give) you a ring. B I (s) (be) at the stationto meetyou. 8.7TYPE 3 A. Tick (rz) the sentenceswhich are true. l. If Johnhadstudiedh. ewouldn'thavefailedhisexams. n lonnstudied. n u\\\" failed hisexams. n lonndidn'tsrudy. n u\\\" didn'rfail hisexams. 2. If thecarhadn'thada puncturew, e wouldhavecaughthetrain. ! fn\\\" carhadapuncrure. I W\\\" caughthetrain. n fn\\\" cardidn'thavea puncture. I W. missedthetrain. 3. If thatdresshadn'tbeensocheapJ, anewouldn'thaveboughtit. n rne dresswascheap. n Jan\\\"boughitt. n rn. dresswasn'ct heap. n Janedidn'tbuyit. 4. I would havetidiedthe living room if I hadknown you werecoming. n I knew you werecoming. ! I uoieotheliving room. fl f OlAn'tknow you were coming. n I didn't tidy the living room. 5. If Rosehadn't had a hole in her tooth,shewouldn't haveseenthe dentist. ! Rosedidn't seethe dentist. I Sfrehad a hole in her tooth. ! Rosesawthe dentist. n Sft\\\" didn't havea hole in hertooth 174","B. Rewrite the sentencewsithout changingtheir meanings. 1. He missedhisplanebecausheedidn'twakeup on time. hisplane. If 2. We were late to the meeting.Therefore,the chairmangot angry with us. If 3. They gaveyou thejob becauseyou got the highestscorein the exam. If 4. I was very nervousbecauseI lost the car keys. If 5. Johndidn't seethe red lieht so he crashedinto a car. John 6. He workedtoo fastso he madea lot of mistakes. He 1. Petercamehome very latelastnight.Thereforehis wife got angrywith htm. If 8. Carol trippedover a stonebecauseshewasn'tcareful. If C. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Here is the storyof a disasterA. ship sankin the Caribbeanbecauseof a storm 1. If the captain (be) more careful, the ship (sink). 2. More people (survive; if there (be) morelife boats. 3. If somepassengers (be able to) swim. they (drown). 4. If there (be) such a bad storm. fewer people (die). t15","8.8 MIXED CONDITIONALS Rewrite these sentenceswithout changing their meanings. L The studentsattendedall the classesand worked very hard so their English is much better now. If 2. He can go to schoolby car sincehe was given a car by his parentslast month. If 3. Atattirk fought againstthe enemiesand founded the Turkish Republic. Therefore we are able to live in a democraticcountry. If 4. He drank too much at the party and drove home. He is in hospital now becauseof a car accident. If 5. The villagersdidn't use any fertilizersto enrich the soil. Now they don't have a sood harvest. If 6. JackaskedJessieto marryhim 20 yearsagobut sherefusedN. ow sheis still single. If 7. He losttheopportunityof doinghisMaster'sdegreeabroadT. odayhe hasdifficulty in findinga goodjob. If 8. I am not happysinceI didn't choosethe professionI wanted. If 9. Sheis havinga hardtimethesedaysbecausesheneglectedto studyregularly. If 10. You didn't setthe alarmclock lastnight.That is why I am lateto school. If 8.9WISHES A. Completethe sentencesusingthe givenclues. * PRESENT l. It is a pity I can'tgo to thediscotonight. I wish 2. I want to seehim more often but I can't. I wish 3. I livein a suburbof AnkaraandI don'tlikethis. i wish 116","4. It is apityMaryis nothere. I wish 5. My husbanddoesn'tknow how to dance. I wish 6. My parentsaren't here. I wish 7. You can't cometo our 25thanniversary. I wish 8. I amnotlisteningto thenews. I wish 9. Shehasgot a lot of freckleson her face. Shewishes 10. Johnmakesa lot of mistakes. He wishes * PAST I l. You didn'twaitfor meyesterdamy orning. I wish 12. My brotherdidn't take me to the cinemaat the weekend. I wish 13. Shedidn'ttell methetruth. I wish 14. I couldn'twakeup earlytodaY. I wish 15. My fathersoldhiscar. I wish 16. My upstairsneighboursaremakinga lot of noise.I wantthemto stop. I wish 17. My brotherwhistlesall thetime.I hatethis. I wish 18. I smokea lot. I know this is bad for my health. I wish t'77","19. The telephoneis ringing.I am reallyexhaustedI. want someoneto answerit. I wish 20. My elderbrotheris veryuntidy. I wish B. Fill in the blankswith the correctforms of the verbsin brackets. l. Where'sJanet?I wish she (arrive)soon,becauseI don't want to missthebeginningof themovie. 2. I wishyou (smoke)so much. 3. Your friends have savedsomemoney to go on holiday. You regret the fact that you have spentall your savingson an expensivecomputer.What do you say? I wishI (buy)thisexpensivceomputer 4. I had a fight with my girlfriend Ann last week. I was wrong, but I didn't apologize.Ann doesn'twant to seeme any more.I'm very sorrynow. (apologize)to Ann. I wish I 5. Samis talking to his brotherWilliam on the phone. Sam : We wishyou (come)to New York for the New Year'sEve. The restof the family will all be here. William : I know, but I haveto work not only on the day of theNew Year buf alsothe day after that becausethere may be problems with the computer system of the company. 6. Teacher : I wish you (wnte) your names on your homework.I don't know which is which. 7. A : IwishI (be) in Hollywood. Then I could meerall the film stars. B : And I wish you (daydream). Get on with your work Otherwisew, e will neverfinishthisproject. 8. I wishyou (pay) more attentionto what you are doing. You nearlvhit mv finser with the hammer. 9. I wish my roommate (talk) so much. He spoilsmy concentration. 178","C. Mark the bestchoice. l. A : Haveyoueverbeento Hawaii? B : No, butI wishI it is too expensive.I can neverafford rt. a) had c) were b) did d) would 2. I wishI like a bird. It must be greatfun. a) couldfly c) hadflown b) flew d) were flying 3.Mygradesareusuallyverypoor.IwishI-bettergrades. a) would get c) couldget b) canget d) get 4. The conferenceroom is usuallyhot and humid; I wish the meeting lna coolerroom but the secretarvsavsit is the onlv availablenlace. a) will be held c) would be held b) couldhold d) washolding 5. UnfortunatelyI havegot to leaveearly.I wish I early. a) left c) didn't haveto leave b) hadto leave d) couldn'thaveleft 8.10REVIEW OF CONDITIONALS A. Complete\/Rewritethe following without changingtheir meanings. l. Unlessit is cheapI, won'tbuyit. If 2. The one thing I've alwayswantedis a red sportscar. I wish 3. I do not know many peoplehere. I wish 4. Unlessyou finish your homework,I won't takeyou to the cinema. If 5. If you don't clearthetableaway,I won't let you go out. Unless 6. Hernumberis notin thephonebook,soI can'tphoneher. If 7. Brendaisn't in classbecauseshemissedthebus. If Brenda ll ()","8. She'supsetwith you becauseyou didn't phoneher lastnight. If 9. I am angry with you becauseyou didn't tell me the truth yesterday. If 10. Whatwould you do if you win the lottervon the New Year's eve? Suppose 11. If by any chanceyou find my keys,could you let me know? If youhappen 12. From her voice,I'd saysheis angry. It sounds 13. The room is cold becauseyou left the window open. If 14. I am not tired todaybecauseI didn't go to bed latelastnight. If 15. Tom feelssick becausehe atetoo much lastnisht. If 16. I regretbreakinghis heartlastnight. If only 17. The kidnapperswon't kill the hostageif you pay the ransom without informing the police. P r o v i d e dt h a t B. I. Fill in each blank with an expressionfrom the box. Use each only ONCE. Thereare more expressionsthan you need. soasto provided unless suppose in spiteof in case otherwise l. Precautionswere taken the demonstrationsot out of control. 2. The witnessobjectsto appearingin court he is given proper protectionby the police. 3. The sick cattle were kept separatefrom the herd preventthe disease from spreading. 4. Hurryup. you mightmisstheplane 180","5. A : Don't wastetime looking for that map B: we loseour way,do you know how muchtime we will w a s t et h e n ? il. Filt in each blank with an expression from the box. You need to use them more than once. unless in case provided that supposi l. I don't ar.rticipate any difficulty in arriving in Athens by Tuesday the ferriesrun to the schedule. 2. I will stayhereduringthe holiday I saveenoughmonev to go somewherein Europe. 3. You'd bettercarry a first-aidkit any unexpectedeventsoccur. 4. He won't agree to drop legal proceedings against the ma-{azine the editorpublishesa formal apology. 5. it was possiblefor you to travel anywherein the world. where would you go? 6. I decidedto book a room in advance the hotel is full at the weekend. 1. I don'tmind your goingout with Martin in theevenings you comehomebeforemidnisht. III. Fill in eachblank with an expressionfrom the box. You needto usethem more than once. unless aslonqas Gemmais phoningMartha to seeif shewantsto go campingwith her. Gemma : Hi, Martha.I'm going campingthis weekend.Would you like to come'l Martha : Jerry's invited me to a party on Saturday night, so I can't come ( 1 ) I sayno to Jerry.Whereareyougoing? Gemma : To Fistral beach.We'll have a greattime, (2) it rainsof course.I canpick you up at about8.30on Saturdaymorning Martha : That soundslovely! I'd love to come (3) you promlsenot to drive too fast. Gemma : I promise.But what aboutJerry? I canthink of a goodexcuse Marrha: oh. I thinkit'llbeoK (4) r8l","C. Mark the bestchoice. I live with somerelativesof mine. I can't saythat we get on very well. They don't let me invite my friendsover, and don't really careaboutmy problems.SometimesI wish I _( 1)_ live with them.If I _(2)_ an apartmentof my own, I guessI _(3)_ much happier.But unfortunatelyI, can't afford one. 1. a) won't 2. a) have 3. a) wouldbe b) don't b) would have b) will be c) didn't c) had c) amgoing to be d) couldn't d) willhave d) won't x** 4, IfI about his intentions last week, I would have acted differenilv. a) know b) hadknown c) would haveknown d) kneu, I didn't have time to study ChapterTwo in ijn,rro., book. I -(5)- ihe p,ofessor I'll geta low grade. doesn'taskquestionsfrom that chapter._(6)_, 5. a) hope 6. a) Otherwise b) wish b) However c) expect c) Therefore d) want d) Moreover 7. Do whatI say b) if you wantto getthesack. d) unless a) in case c) aslong as 8. We'll missthebus we hurryup. c)unless a) otherwise b) if d) if only D. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. It'sstormyoutsideandI'm alonein thehouseI. wishmy parents(1) (be) here. r (2) (be) so frightenedthen. xxx 3. Joe : Whattimeis it? Mary : It is 8.30. Joe : 8:30!But that'stoolate.Themeetingstartsat 8:30.If I don'tgetthereon time,I (look for) anotherjob pretty soon. t82","A Don't you live in Tokyo anymore? B No, I don't.I've comebackto settledown in my hometown.It's beentwo months already. A I thoughtyou had a successfubl usinessthere.That'swhat Mike said. B No. that'snot true. If I (4a) (have) a good businessin Japan,I (4b) (be) hereright now. 5. Small shopsmay disappearunlesstheproposal (put) into effect. r83","9.NOUNCLAUSES a finc tit thc office 9.I REPORTED SPEECH A. Change thesesentencesinto reported speech. A tAXI l. Policeofficer: \\\"Mr. Barnabv.you'llhavero pay a fine of i50, \\\" The police officer told f50. 2. Secretary: \\\"Mrs. N,{eadorvlisiisn'tlefi the o{fice yet.\\\" - l ' h es e c r e t a r ys a i d_ yet. 3. Anne to her mother: \\\"We hadto takea taxi home.\\\" Anne told home. 4. David : \\\"We are havingour houseredecorated.\\\" Davidsaid 5. Susanto Frank: \\\"You will haveto geta visafor your daughter.\\\" S u s a nt o l d 6. Mr. Kite to his secretary: \\\" I haven'tchangedmy mind.\\\" Mr. Kite toid 7. Bill to his mother: \\\"I don't wantto helpvou with thehousework.\\\" Bill told 8. \\\"I didn't haveenoughtirneto takethe book back to the library\\\", saidRobert. Robertsaid 9. \\\"I'll postthelettersfor Vou.John,\\\"shesaid. S h et o l d 10. \\\"Don't makethe samemistakeagain!\\\"he saidto me. He told | 1. \\\"Why don'twe havedinnertogether'Jh\\\"e saidto nie He invited 12. \\\"If I wereyou, i would tell themtherruth.\\\"he saidto me. Fleadvised 13. \\\"I left my umbrellaherethismorning.\\\"saidMary. Marv toid the shooassistantthat lE.l","14. \\\"We don't want a recentgraduzrte,s\\\"aidthe interviewer The interviewertold me that 15. \\\"I'r,edrunkall my milk,\\\" saidthelittleboy. The littleboi'saidthat 16. Johnto his wife : \\\"You neverrememberto takea map when we setoff on ajourney.\\\" J o h nc o m p l a i n e d on aJourney. 17. \\\"l w,illcall you assoonasI arrivehome,\\\" he saidto her. He told 18. Charles: \\\"I r.von'ftbrsiveyou,Marv-.\\\" C h a r l e st o l d 19. Secretary: \\\"I will finishtypingthelettersin l0 minutesM. r. Johnson.\\\" The secretarytold NIr. Johnson 20. Boss : \\\"Don't usethe office phonefor your personalcalls,Jack.\\\" The bosswarned 21. \\\"Don't forgetto buy somebread,Paul.\\\"saidhis mother. His motherreminded 22. \\\"If I werevou. Linda, I wouldn'ttakethejob,\\\" saidMary. I v l a r ya d v i s e dL i n d a 23. \\\"Don't leavethe lightson.\\\" Shewarnedthem 24. \\\"I won't fcrgetthemeeting.\\\" I prornised 25. \\\"Wouldyoulike to cometo my birthdayparty?\\\" He invitedher 26. \\\"Don't be stupici!\\\" Shetold me 27. \\\"You shouldstopsmoking.\\\" The doctor advisedmy father 2 8 . \\\" I ' 1 1p h o n et h ep o l i c e l \\\" N 4 ys i s t e rt h r e a t e n e d 29. \\\"Can rvecook therneal?\\\" We offered ll35","B. Completethe sentenceussingthe words in the boxes. I. explained advised denied suggested admitted romised ratulated warned l. \\\"All right, it is true.I setthe houseon fire,\\\" saidMartin. Martin 2. \\\"Why don't we go to the new Italianrestaurant?s\\\" aidVanessa. Vanessa 3. \\\"I'll definitelyhelp you with the housework,mom,\\\" saidMary. Mary 4. \\\"You've finally passedyour driving test,Frank.Well done!\\\" saidClaire. Claire II. apologized provided discouraged confused ished tulated l. Kate realizedsheshouldhavereturnedthe book earlierand said\\\"sorry\\\". thebook earlier. 2. Paul advisedme not to apply for thejob at the supermarket. for the job at the Paul supermarket. 3. My friendsweredelightedthatI hadwon thetennismatchandphonedme to expresstheir feelings. My friendsphonedmeand winnins the tennismatch ilI. reminded advised invited threatened denied comolained romised admitted 1. \\\" Linda, would you like to havedinnerwith me?\\\" saidMike. Mike 2. \\\" All right, it is true,I was nervousbeforethe performance,\\\"the leadingactor said. The leadinsactor 3. \\\" Do not forget to bring the doctor'sreporttomorrow,Mary,\\\" saidthe teacher. The teacher 4. \\\"I will takeyou to thepark on Saturday,children,\\\"saidTom. Tom 186","w. Persuaded denied accused asked forbade The museumdirectorto the reporters:\\\"You can'ttakepicturesof the paintings'\\\" The museumdirector 2 . The secretaryto Mr. Dove: \\\"Could you dictatea bit more slowly, please?\\\" The secretary 3. Tommy toLiz \\\"You weretheonewho brokethevase!\\\" Tommy 4. Rogerto his parents\\\":Why don'tyoubuy yourticketsin advance?\\\" Roger Fill in the blanks with the re verbs in the box. asked suggested warned explained told advised reminded Mrs. Welch was at the doctor'soffice yesterdayS. he(1) him that she hadn'tbeen feeling well recently.The doctor (2) her to roll up her sleeveand took her blood pressureH. e (3) that shehadn't beenfeeling well becauseof her high blood pressureH' e (4) her to cut down on salt. He (5) that she should so on a diet. He (6) her that she might make herself seriously ill. He also (7) her that shewas not a young woman any more. VI. Choosefrom the verbsin the box and report usinghe or she.Useeachverb only ONCE. admit introduce complain apologise accept suggest greet interrupt refuse explain offer tell ask 1. \\\"Actually, I don't haveenoughto pay the bill.\\\" 2. \\\"Let's meetin my flat tomorrow.\\\" 3. \\\"Have you everbeento Britain?\\\" 4. \\\"The troubleis that our sonneverdoeshis homework.\\\" 187","5. \\\"MissBrown,thisis MissWhite.\\\" 6. \\\"Readthe questionstwice. and don't write in the margin.\\\" 1. \\\"I'm sorryI didn't bringthebook with me.\\\" 8. \\\"Trustme.I'll payyou backnextweek.\\\" 9. \\\"No. thanks,I don't like ice-creamat all.\\\" 10. \\\"Would you like to havelunchwith me today?\\\" I 1. \\\"My difficulty is I can't understandwhat this sentencemeans.\\\" 12. \\\"Good morningMary, niceto seeyou.\\\" 13. \\\"All right,I'll takethepresent.\\\" 14. \\\"But listenGeorge....CouldI just saya few wordson this subject?,' C. Change the following questions into reported speech. 1. Jack: \\\"Does sheknow how to type?\\\" Jack askedme 2. \\\"How long is Janetgoingto staywith you?\\\" Paul wantedto know 3. Maryto Tim : \\\"Doesyourbrotherknowme?\\\" Mary askedTim 4. \\\"Did youfinishyourterm-papeorn time?\\\" My motherwantedto know 188","5. Susan: \\\"Paul,is yoursisterin my brother'cslass?\\\" class. SusanaskedPaul 6. Tom : \\\"Which airlinecompanyareyou goingto fly with?\\\" with. Tom askedus 7. Paulato Jane: \\\"Has he beenbrought to hospitalby ambulance?\\\" to hospitalby P a u l a a s k e dJ a n e ambulance. 8. Mary to Billy : \\\"How often doesyour sistertake you to the cinema?\\\" Mary wantedto know 9. \\\"Has Janeboughta presentfor the childrenyet?\\\" David asked 10. Maryto Bill : \\\"WherecanI buy theconcertickets?\\\" the concerl Mary asked Bill tickets. I l. \\\"How old areyou?\\\" Mr. FraseraskedMartin 12. \\\"Do you reallyspeakArabicandJapanese?\\\" Mr. FraseraskedMartin 13. \\\"Do you gojogging at the weekends?\\\"sheasked. She askedme 14. \\\"Will youbeat homethis weekend?\\\"he askedMary. He askedMary 15. Jill : \\\"Are you going to wear your white dressto the party,Barbara?\\\" 16. Interviewe:r\\\"How longdid youworkfor IBM, Mrs.Jackson?\\\" 17. \\\"Are you leavingfor Paristomorrow,Janet?\\\" Alex asked 18. David : \\\"How much do I haveto pay?\\\" David wonders 189","D. Put the following indirect sentencesinto the direct sentenceform. a dog in the l. Janediscoveretdhatherbrotherwashidinga dogin thebasement. Jane to her friends : \\\" basement.\\\" 2. Richardsaidhe had alreadyhad lunch. Richard: \\\" 3. Martin wonderedwhen he would find ajob. ?\\\" Martin thought. 4. Robertsaidhe wasgoing to visit his friendsin Italy in the summer. .\\\" saidRobert. Jerrytold Mrs Atwood thathe had On\\\"nedthe managerand they were waiting for the driver , then they would leave the o\\\"ff*i\\\"c0e,. She said that before the driver had left. he had reportedenginetrouble,so he might be late. TheDialosue: Jerry : (5) the managerand (6) for the driver.then(7) the office. Mrs.Atwood : Well,before(8) (e) enginetrouble. sohe mieht be late. *** 10. The teachertold us not to be discouragedandpromisedto help us with our studies. The teacherto us: \\\" I 1. Davidsaidhewasleavingfor istanbutlhatafternoon. \\\" saidDavid. ,\\\" saidSamantha. 12. Samanthasaidthat shewouldn't be home at five o'clock 13. Mr. Wilson saidthathe and his wife had neverbeenabroad. Mr. Wilson said\\\" 9 . 2 T N D T R E C TQ U E S T I O N S dinner yet. A. complete or rewrite the following.use the clueswheregiven. 1. \\\"Havetheyhaddinneryet? I'm notsure 2.A: Jacklives? B : No, I don't.But we canfind his addressin the phonebook. t90","3.A Have you seenmy keys? (be). B I haveno idea 4.A What areyou lookingfor? (put) them. B My eyeglassesI.can'tremember 5 . A Excuseme. could vou tell me I can get to the zoo? B : By underground.Take the yellow line to GreensGarden. 6. I doubtif he (be ableto see)again.He'shad five surgeries on his eyes,but with no luck. 7. Doesthisbusgo to Manhattan? Couldyou tell me 8. I am not sure.He may not comeback home I doubt 9. A : Did Martha havethe car repaired? it reoaired.Shehasn'ttalked B : Idon'tknow to me aboutthat. 10. Will it besnowytoday? I wonder B. Circle the correctanswer. 1. A : I've calledPeterfive times already.He seemsto be out. I wonder where B : Maybe he'sat his parents'house.Have you tried calling them? a) hehasbeen c) heis b) hashe gone d) is he going 2. I can'trememberif - him to comeearly' a) I told c) I hadtold b) did I tell d) hadI told 3. Do you know what ? I haveto call him urgently. a) is his telephonenumber c) his telephonenumberis b) was his telephonenumber d) his telephonenumberwas 4. He treatedme badly throughoutthe holiday.I wonder why - so. a) did he do c) he haddone b) he did d) hadhe done 5.AlexhasgotlotSofthingstodo.Idoubtif-theworkintime. a) will hefinish c) he finishes b) canhe finish d) he canfinish t9l","9.3NOUN CLAUSESBEGINNING WITH QUESTION WORDS A. Rewritethe followingusingwhat. eg. I needa good sleep. Ll\/hat f need is a good sleep. 1. Thechildrenlovebuildinesnowmen. 2. The mosquitosbotherme. 3. His strangeattitudesulprisesme. 4. I haveto make a plan. 6. I like spaghetti. B. Changethe following questionsinto noun clauses. l. Wheredid Sallygo? Do you know 2. Whenareyourparentsarrivingat theairport? Pleasetell me 3. Whichtraindid theytakero New York? I can'tremember 4. Whose sharesare these? I don'tknow 5. What do theysay? I can't hear 6. Who is theownerof thehouse? Can you tell me 192","7. How manypeoplewerethereat themeeting? Shewantsto know 8. How old do thestudents tartschoolin yourcountry? Do vouknow 9. How far is it from Edirneto Kars? Can you tell me 10. Why do peopleneedto tell lies? Do youknow 9.4NOUN CLAUSESBEGINNING WITH THAT A. Rewritethe sentencetso introducenoun clauses. l. Therewasvery little petrolin thecar.I wasnot awareof that,so on the way to Kansas the car suddenlystopped. I wasn't 2. Bill told a lie.That mademe angry. The fact that 3. ShelackedthenecessarqyualificationsD. ueto thatshewasn'tacceptedfor thejob. Dueto 4. He madethe samemistaketwice. That is unforgivable. The fact that 5. Theyaccusedus of committinga crime.Thatsurprisedus. The fact that 6. It is obviousthat he doesn'tknow manners. That 7. It is a factthatwaterboilsat 100'C. That 8. Mary hasn't beenableto makereliablefriends.That's apparent. It 9. Pollutiondiminishetshequalityof ourlives.Thatis a facthardto deny. That 193","10. Many peopleliving in Antalya speakGermanquite well. When I first visitedAntalya, I wassurprisedby that. WhenI I 1. Shelied abqutit. That's what botherseverybody. The fact that 12. Tim tore my grandmother'santiquetablecloth.That isn't very important. The fact that 13. That automobilehas the best brake systemof any car manufacturedthis year. I am impressedby that and would definitelyrecommendthateverybody buy that make. Iam 14. Janelost our ticketsto the cinema.Thereis nothingwe can do aboutit. Thereis nothing 15. It rarelyrainsin Antalya.He seemssurprisedto discoverthis. He 1 6 . S h eh a d n ' tcalledon her family. Her family laterunderstoodwhy. Her family 17. Shedidn't evenapologisefor her latearrival.This mademe really angry. a)The fact b) What 1 8 .T h echild shouldbe sentto live with her grandparentsT. his was thejudge's view. a)It b) Thejudge'sview 19. He managesto broadenhis students'horizonisn everyrespectI. just don't understand how he doesit. a)I b)How 20. Childrennowadaysspenda lot of moneyon junk food. This is my opinion. a) It b)My opinion 2 I . The studentwas destinedfor a brilliant career.This was obviousto her teachers- a) It was b) That 194"]