Practise_Your_Grammar_With_Answer_Key

23. I first saw the film which won two Oscarsin London. It 24. Talking to Smith really inspiredme to startwriting a new book. What 25. Bill brokethenewsto me. It l4.2INVERSIONS was Harcy.' A. Agreewith the following. eg: 'I wasn'f amazed-' 'Nor/Neifher l. Thechickenwasbad.and t h ew i n e . Z. 'Marvlookstired.' you. 3. The bike hassot two wheels.and the motorbike. 4. Penguinscan't fly, and ostriches. 5. 'Johnhasn'tleft.' I.' 6. Jenniferwon't be hereon time. and her friends. 1. My motherdoesn'tlike coffee,and my father. 8. 'I don't like goingto discos.' my sisterandJane.' 9. The president will fly to America and the I ice- oresident. 10. Nobody smokes in our family and the mernbersof R o g e r ' sf a m i l y . B. Disagree with the following. eg: We didn't speak Turkish in class. Didn't you? f did. 1. We usedto eatin the cafeteria. 2. Tom's mothermakeshirn drink milk beforehe soesto bed. 3. I havepaidthebill. 245

4. The childrenwill eo to bedearly. 5. We had to sweepthe leavesout of the garden. 6. Rita and Rogerhad forgottento lock the front door 7. We areeatingpizzatonight. 8. I can'tgo outtonight. 9^ Johnwasn'ttakinga photograph. C. Mark the bestchoice. 1. Rarely a propersentencebefore he is two yearsold. a) makesa child c) doesa child make b) a child speaks d) a child makes 7. dustpansandbrushes. b) The ceilinghung a) Hungon theceiling d) Hung theceiling b) On theceilinghung 3. The police saidthat the man was extremelydangerousand that on no account a) he shouldbe approached c) he shouldn'tbe approached b) he be approached d) shouldhe be approached 4 . that everyoneleft the auditorium. a) He spokemonotonouslyso c) Monotonouslydid he speak b) So monotonouslydid he speak d) Did he speakso monotottously 5. , thatpart of the city wouldn't havebeenflooded. a) Were precautionstaken c) If precautionswere taken b) If precautionshad taken d) Had precautionsbeentaken I would neveragainneedto worry .0\"\", ;.;ture! -(6)- needto borrow rnoney from friends on any account,and still less_(7)- on the favoursof rich relatives!On the contrary,underno circumstance_s(8)_ on anyperson.But _(9)_ atthetime that my luck wassoonto change. 246

--(10)_ come into the money when the sharesfell drasticallyon the Stock Exchange.--( I 1)---_ to enjoy my wealththan I was againreducedto my former state of poverty. I waited in vain for the sharesto regain their former value' but never _(12)_ that feeling of suddenfortune. -_(13)- that money alone does not leadto happinessand successa, nd thinking back over this episodein my life, I rarelywish thatI werea miln of fortune. 6. a) Would I not 7. a) would I be dependent b) Would I b) I wouldbedePendent c) I wouldnot c) dependenwt ould I be d) I would d) dependenIt would be 8. a) I would feel financiallydependent 9. a) littledid I know b) financiallydependenwt ould I feel b) did I know little c) dependenwt ould I feel financially c) littleI did know d) would I feel financiallydependent d) I did know little 10. a) HadI scarcelY I l. a) I no soonerhadbegun b) ScarcelyI had b) No soonerhad I tregun c) I hadscarcelY c) No soonerdid I begin d) Had scarcelYI d) I no soonerbegan 12. a) againwas I to exPerience 13. a) Did I realiseonly aftervearsof hardwork b) was I to exPerienceagain b) I did realiseonly afteryearsof hard work c) I was to exPerienceagain c) Only afteryearsof hard work I did realise d) againI was to exPerience d) Only afteryearsof hard work did I realise D. Rewrite these sentenceswithout changing the meaning' eg. I have never heard a weakerexcuse! Never have I heard a weaker excuse, 1. If they were to enactthat law, therewould be a chaos' 2. If thepolicehadfoundout,you would reallyhavegot into trouble. 3. If you shouldbecomeawareof anything,let me know' 4. If he hasstolenanything,he will haveto be fired' 5. If I had known the truth,I would haverejecteddoing it' 6. If Bill had not droppedhis keys,he would havemanagedto enterthe house 247

E. Answer the following questions emphatically, making the necessary changes in the sentences. l. Is it true thatthe police sometimesdoubtedhis innocenceof the murder'l Not for onemoment 2. Is it possibltehatyou will investall your moneyin that companyagain? Neveragain 3. Do you believewe shouldconstructmore factoriesin this district? On no account 4. Is it true that environmentapl ollution hastakenplacebeforethis decade? Not until thisdecade 5. Is it likely that suchquantitiesof snow haveoftenfallen hereduring winter months'J Rarely 6. Do you think therewere more rabiescasesin this part of the country than in that industrial city? Nowhere 7. Is it your opinion that we can save the factory by other means than rnaking rvolkers redundant? O n l yb y 8. Would you sayyou havein any way encouragedpeopleto exhibit offensivebehaviour'l In no rvay 9\" Is it true that the colonelhelpedto plan the curfew and did not supportedthe idea of coLrp d'etat? Not only 10. Do you think the prime ministerwill gain popularityby enactingnew laws and fieezing prices? Neitherby ll. They had hardlyfinishedtheir work when rhe visitorsarrived. Hardly 12. They scarcelytell us what is going on. Scarcely 13. Shehad no soonerenteredthe room thanshewas told aboutthe bad news. No sooner 248

14. I realisedhis absenceonly afterI was told aboutit. Only after t5. The boy waswatchingme behindhis mother. Behind 16. I realisedonly thenthat I had forgottenmy briefcaseat home. Only then I 7. I haveseldombeensubiectto suchan indecentassault. Seldom 18. I had no soonerswitchedon the TV than the liehtswent out. No sooner 19. Mary was not onlv late.but shehad alsoleft all the documentsat home Not only 20. I've neverheardsucha faulty statement. Never 2 1. I understoodthe hiddenmessagein the fihn only afterreadingthe critics. Only after 22. It matterslittle to me what peoplethink of my attitude. Little 23. You shouldnot invite him againunderany circumstances. Underno circumstances 24. The studentnot oncedid his homework. Not once 25. An individualrarelyseizesanopportunityliketheonethatTomhas. Rarely 24.)

15.GENERAL REVISION I5.I CLOZE TESTS Fill in eachblank with oNE word. contractionsare consideredasoneword. I you at the meetingyesterday? go there. Bill: (1) Jim No,I (2) Bitl why not? Jim Well, two policemen(3) to my houseyesterdayafternoonand they took me to thepolicesration. B i l l The police station?Why? Jim I don't know. They asked me a lot of questionsabout my neighbour Mr. West (4)--- flats are on the samefloor. (5) flatis opposite my flat. B i l l Whatkind of questionsdid the policemenask? Jirn \"Do you know Mr. West?\"\"Hashe got (6) sistersor brothersin thts town?\" \"(7) visits him at the weekend?\"You know. questionslike that. B i I I That'sstrange.Very strange. z A Can you tell us aboutyour hobbies,Mr. Holmes? B Well, I spendmost of my free time (l) to classicaml usic.I find themusicof Mozart veryrelaxing. A Whataboutsports? B : Oh, I'm quite lazy.so I don'tdo much sports.I sometimesgo (Z) swim, but that'sall. I'm more interestedin socialwork. however.In fact. I'm an adviser for a self-helpgroup. We meet (3) two weeks with the foreign studentson our campusto discusstheir daily problems A And whatabout... I A What do you (l ) in your sparetime? B I enjoy(2) a lot, so I usuallygo for a walk in the forestwhen I'm free.Also, I (3) a lot of reading,especiallydetectivestories.I think they arevery interestingand help me to relax when I'm on the bus returninshonteiiom work. 250

A : Do you PlaYa musical(4) B : Yes, I do. I can play (5)-----_.-.---- piano' Actually' I'm quite good (6)-playirrgit.We'vegotapianoinour|ivingroomandlpractise wheneverI can. A : D o y o ul i k et 7 ) for example,thingslike sweatersand cardigans for your children? B : No. I don't,becauseI don'tknow how to do that.I alwaysbuy sweatersfor them\" ! protect myself (2) the sun, I started (1) ( 3 ) lons-sleevedshirtsever sinceI read an afticle aboutthe big hole in the ozonelayer.The article mademe realize(4) seriousthe situationrs. L Teresa : Mario, how do you get to work everymorning? Mario : Well, I Prefertravelling( l) train becausefirst of all. trains are alwayson time ro th.y are(2)-. And also,I can afford the fare because trains aren't very (3)-' It ( 4 ) onlyabout$2 on weekdaYs. Teresa : But trainsstopat everysinglestation,don'tthey? Mario : Yes, they do indeed. That's why they cannot speed up and so they are (5) . The journey (6)--------.----------_- about l'5 hours l ..r*,rr. z:o r*itrr \\1) a t w o r k a t 9 : 0 0 .B u t t h c y s c c n rt L ) havealmostno accidentsso they are(8) Teresa : It must be difficult to find a seatduring the rushhour. Mario : Yes, theYare a bit (9) . but I think the train is the cheapest. safestand most comfortableway of travelling' 9. pen and (2) paper,but he doesn'tneed books. He n e e d s( l ) (3) 4. My room west,soit'ssunnYall afternoon. 5. She'sgot too friends so shespendsall her time with them, which meansshecan'tstudYat all 251

7 Adventuretravelis travelyou canexperiencewith all your sensesT. he adventuretravelleris a person(l) independentmodes of transport that enable him/her to go where and when s/he pleases. The adventure traveller often \\2) travelling alone. If you travel alone. ,yoll ( 3 ) to be very independent and self-sufl'icient. If yolr (4) with another person, make sure you choose your l,r-iencl carefully. In remote places you (5) probably be the focus of interest. so make sure you are always patient with the local people. Travelling (6) a guide will lead you inro a new excitin-gworlcl (7) you mightmisson your own. If youcycle,you (8) haveto carry a heavypack on your back.you putyourthingsin thepannierof the bicycle.You cango grearer (e) foot, but at a speedthat enablesyou to seeirncl d i s t a n c e st h a n ( 1 0 ) d i s c o v e ra r o u n d . g DearKate. I finally havethe informationwe needaboutour trip to Montreal.Now we have to decideif we shouldtakethe train or the bus.The bus ( t ) at 8 : 3 0i n t h e morning and it (2) in Montreal at 5:35 p.m. every day. The rrain ( 3 ) to Montreaal t 9 p.m.. A return ticket on thebusis (4) thana train ticket.The bus ticket (s) $105 and the train $120 but I expect the train ( 6 ) be more comfortable.And also the food service on the trarn is (7) thanit is on thebus. We also have to decide where to stay in Montreal. There(8) severalkinds of placesto stayin. We can stayat a bed and breakfastor at a hotel suchas the Centre International.The Centre International(9) got 200 roorns and 5 different restaurantsI.n fact, it is Montreal's(10) hotelwith so manyrooms. Pleasecall or write soonto let me know what you think. Your friend. Carla. 252

9 The RedPepper The Red Pepperis a very good restaurant.You find delicious food there and the p r i c e sa r er e a s o n a b lIe(.l ) therewith a friend of mine lastweek. We (2) lamb with fresh vegetablesand a salad. The lamb (3) very good but there wasn't (4) oil and vinegaron the salad,so I askedthe waiter to bring somemore oil and vinegar.For dessert we had a wonderful piece of chocolate cake. There were too ( 5 ) customersbut becauseit is a largerestauranwt e found a table by the window.It is (6) open so you can go thereat any time of the day. Also it's very convenientas it is near the city centre.You can go there (7) foot.It (8)-_ only a few minutes. l0 Newarkis a small collegetown of about 26 residents.The university campus is in the center of the town and many of the residents are students. Newark ( l ) a lot of facilitiesfor the students.(2) are many c6fes;studentscan go to thesec6fesin the evenings.The most popular otle is (3)- Main Street. It's called CSfe Brew Ha Ha. lt's ( 4 ) Pizza Grotto and The Buttery Restaurant.In the center of the town, (5) is a large departmentstore and some small shops lbr general merchandise. such as clothing, school supplies etc. Newark (6)_ near the seacoastso studentshave to take a bus to go to the beach.The journey takes about 2 hours. Actually students(7) often go to the beachfor swimming asthere'sa very big swimmingpool on the campus Mvt8) Martin is my mother'selder brother. He's my favourite among my mother'sfamily. Martin is rnarried(9) Linda.Martin andLinda(10) have any children. I often visit thern becausethey ( l l ) in a housequitenearours.I reallyenjoybeingwith thern 1 2 . My sisterdoes not like wearing a skirt. She wearsit on special occassions uchasweddingsor formal meetings. 253

l1 the country. His house of a lovelypark. My brother lives in a detachedhouse (l) ( 2 ) westandhasa (3) Beforeyou buy a dressit is betterto (4) it on. The sizemay not be right and in thatcaseit will not (5) you. l2 PeoplespendtheirfreetimedoingcertainactivitiesT. heseactivitieschangedependingon the interestsof people.My brother,for example.enjoys(1) c o m p u t e rg a n r e s .H e spendsmost of his tirne in front of the computertrying to (2) the highest points.I can'tunderstandwhat is so interestingaboutcomputergames.I personallythink they are very (3) . I prefer doing other things in my sparetime. For instance.I ( 4 ) a lot of reading.I alsolike (5) for a walk. especiallyat t h ew e e k e n d s . l3 My brotherrs a waiterin a MexicanRestauranHt.e (1) with customers. Althoughhe doesn't(2) muchmoney,he likeshisjob very much.He erpects hewill be(3) to headwaiter. t<** I'm a mechanic.I can (4) all kindsof cars.I (5) m y . j o bt w o s e v e r ajlo b s monthsago andI haven'tfound a new one yet.I haveapplied(6) andif I'm luckyI'll (7) oneof them. l4 Mary Goldmanstartedworking as an administrativesecretaryat the White House. Due to her positionat work, shecannotdress(l) shelikes.Shehasto be nrim and properand wear smartskirts,jacketsor dresseseveryday.Last week.Mary went shoppingand spen$t 500(2) new clothes.When shegot home. sherealizedthat one of the skirtsshehad boughthad a stainon it. Mary took the skirt back to the shopthe next clay Sheaskedfor a (3) , but the shopassistanrtefusedto give her moneyback becauseMary had lost her (4) . Mary did not sayanythingas sheknew it washerfault,not the shopassistant's. >r** Sting,who was (5) holidaylastAugust,cameto Istanbulwith his familr and the membersof his band.They wantedto seethe beautifulsightsof the city so theyjoined an (6) round Istanbul, which was specially organised for a<A

them.They alsohad a chanceto tastethe delicious(7) s p e c i a l t i e ss u c h as gigkebaband mantr.Stingand someof the peoplein the group bought carpets.rugs or lucky charmsas (8) to help them rememberthe days they spent in Istanbul. 15 MiddleEastTechnicaUl niversityhasgotoneof thelargesltibrariesin Ankara.Unlessyou becomea member. you are not allowedto ( 1) booksfrom the librtrry. They let you keep a book for two weeks.If you don't (2) it aftertwo weeks.you aremadeto (3) a fine. If you want to makea call from a public phonebox, all you needis a phonecardor coins. First you pick up the (4) and insert your card or coins. Therr ( 5 ) the numberand wait for the Dersonto answer.Sometimesthe line may be (6) becausethe person is talking to somebodyelse. In that case.you will haveto try again. t6 Tonight Linda and Tom are going to celebratetheir third anniversaryL. inda wants to cook somethingspecial.Her friend hasgiven her a recipef or Lusagneul.fonto . At the mornent. she is in the kitchen putting the ingredientstogether.She has flour, mushroorns,ground meatandonions.Linda needsthreeeggsbut therearen't (l) eggs ln the fridge so she hasto go to the market.Lasagneal Jbrno is (2) hot. That'swhy she'llprepareit an hour beforeTom comeshome Linda hooesit will be deliciousandTom will like it. This morningtherewastoo (3) traffic on Main Streetso it took Bob one hour to (4) to work. When he enteredhis office, Bob saw that his bosswasangry >kt<* Mest is one o[ the most popular restaurants in Ankara. You hzive to ( 5 ) a tablebeforeyou go there;otherwise,you may have difficulty finding a place.Last night we went thereto celebrateour friend'sbirthday. We (6) Frenchsaladand steak.The steakwas deliciousbut there w a s n ' t( 7 ) saucefor the salad so we askedthe waiter to bringus somemore.Everythingwas greatuntil we askedfor the (8) . It was too high. I don't think we'Il go there again. It was much (9) expensivethanwe had expected. 2.55

t7 I don'twant to rememberthe daysI spentat the boardingschool.Every morning the teachers (1) us get up at six and run five kilometres.Afterwards. all the pupils ( 2 ) to take a shower.Although the teachersencouragedus to cliscussour problemswith them(3) we wanted,we were never (4) to c o m p l a i na b o u t a n y t h i n g . A coupleof yearsago,we were tlying to the HawaiianIslandswhen we had a narrowescape-\" r 5 r our flight, we hit a storm and the plane was shaketrfbr aboLitfivc minutesE. verybody.(6) for me, was so lrightenedthutthel weresclcr.rrrrirrg. The pilot said that the engine had stoppedand the plane was out of control.Luckilv, thc enginestartedand the pilot managedto land the planesafelvat the airnort. 18 CatStevenws asborn(l) Iuly 21, 1948.in London.He was verv good ( 2 ) music and in his adolescencehe becamemore and more attractedto the rock and roll music. He beganto work in nightclubsin London as a singer.One day he caughtthe attentionof a professionaml anager(3) worked for a very well- known record company called 'Decca'. After a short time, Stevens sicned (1) recordingcontractwith the company.Decca saw Stevensas a pop artistand (5) him that he would be more popularif he recordedson-esfor teenagersH. is first album.MatthewrLndSon,was releasedin 1967.(6) becamevery popular and sold very well. (7) this was fbllowedbv more successesS. tevensbegan to feel unhappy with his work. He wanted to record songs for grown-ups,but his companywantedhim to continuerecordingsongsfor teenagersI\"n 1968. Stevenshad to stayin hospital(8) of tuberculosisH. e stayedthereuntil he was healthy(9) to leave.When he got out of hospital,he decidedto stopperformingas a musician,but two yearslaterhe reappearedT. his time he had a diff'erent style. His 1970 album, Tea for the Tillerman, became his first golden album. (l0) includedthe classicsWild World andFather and Son.Critics wrore thathe was (11) excellentsinger.A live radio concertin Los Angeles i n c r e a s e d( 1 2 ) popularity in the United Srares.In the mid-1970's Stevens'spersonallife startedto c h a n g e .( 1 3 ) h e w a s s w i m m i n g ,h e n e a r l yd r o w n e d .( 1 4 ) this event, Steven.sdecided to serve God. His older brother(15) him a copy of the Koran to read.ln l97l , Stevens choseIslamashis religiona n dh e ( 1 6 ) aMuslim. Today Cat Stevens is (11) Yusuf Islam. IS married ( l 8 ) four children.He lives in London, (19) he ownsa MuslimschoolT. here he composesreligious (20) and writes poemsfor thepupils. 256

L9 Melinda and Linda are perfectexamplesfor middle-agedwomen who think it is too lateto start their own business. Melinda Mercury used to be a housewife but now she owns one of the (l ) successful businesses in England. Melinda had ( 2 ) 20 yearsof her life on routinehouseworkwhen shedecidedto set ( 3 ) her own business.She did not want to (4) houseworkfor the rest of her life. She had an interest(5) c o o k i . n g ,s o shedecidedto open a restaurantH. owever,sheneededa partnerbecauseshedid not have enoughmoneyto do thisby (6) . She askedher friend Linda. who had just retired,to work with her. At first Linda did not want to risk her pensionmonev.but Melinda managedto (7) her friend to get into businesswith her. They fbund a nice little place in the city centreand openedtheir restaurant.In the begrnning Melinda did the cookins and Linda servedthe customersb, ut (8) the news about the quality of the food servedin the restaurantgot round, the place became filled with customers. Their restauranwt as a (9) -known place,and they hired a waiter and a cook but after a (10) they neededmore peopleto work for them.Their little restauranturned(11) to be a quite profitableone, so they openedanotherrestaurantin the suburbs.Now their restaurants headthe list of the most popularrestaurantsin London. Melinda and Linda are very rich. Both of them have bought expensivehousesand cars with their (12) from the restaurant.(13) the enormousamount of monev they have made,Melinda and Linda still continueto work in their first restaurant.\"We have many peoplewho work for us,so we do not really(14) to work here.but I come hereeveryday (15) I am awayon holiday.I ( l6) betng here. (I7) established my own business. I now work (l8) fun,\" saysMelinda. Linda comesto the restaurantfor a different reason.Shesays.\"I am afraidfhateverythingwill get (19) of controlif I don't come here every day. This place is (20) valuableto me that I cannotlet anythinghappento it.\" 20 L a s tm o n t hI ( 1 ) ajourney to Cyprus.I got on the boat from Mersin. I had broughta good book with me and was looking forward to readingit (2) thejourney. Everythingwent fine (3) a womanand 6 childrencameand 25'l

sat next to me. The children were very noisy. I (4) my best to put Ltp the children beganto fi-sht.I (s) all the noise,but after a (6) looked at their mother and said \"Could you pleasetell your childrento stop making so much noise?I cannotconcentrat(e7) my book\". The womanlookedat me anclsaid. \" I amnotresponsib(le8) theiractionsbecausetheyareuot mv childrenl' 2l DearCarol. Sorryfor not writing earlier,but I was very busy at work. As you know, the companyI work with(l) a lot of businessin (2) Arab Ernirates. so I travel a lot. I like my new job because I spend most of rny time out of ( 3 ) . You know, asI wasbrought(4) on a tarm. I don'tlike sittingin anoffice all day. Not (5)- found a flat yet, I cannotgive you a regular address.but mv phonenumberat work is 8428190.You might havedifficulty in reachingme becausethe line is usually(6)_. I'll write againsoon. Love, Mike 22 Tropical rain forestsare locatedaround the equator,(1) temperiltures are around 35\"C all year round. The largestrain forestsare in Brazil. Zaire, and Indonesia. Although it is not one of the largest. the rain forest in Sarawack is the ( 2 ) one in the world. Accordins to what the botanistsestimated. this rain forestis 10 million vearsold Rain forestsmake a lot of things possiblefor mankind. They help us control the world's climate.In the rain forests,it rains a (3) and the temperaturesare a l w a y s( 4 ) . Becauseof the heat,the rainwaterevaDoftiteisnto the air- this meansthe rainwateris recycled.Rain forestsalso provide shelterfor many tribal people who have called the rain forests their home (5) h u n d r e d sa n d thousandsof years.Furthermore.rain forests(6) a much wider varietyof plantsand animalsthan anywhereelsein the world. There are even plants and animalstn the rain foreststhat have not been discovered(7) Many of the plantsin the rain forestsareusedfor makins medicine(8) t h et r i b a lp e o p l ei n t h el a i n forestsand the scientiststhroushoutthe world. The tribal people living in rain foresrsknow (e) to find and use wild plantsto make medicine.(10) theyhavevaluableknowledgeof the plantsin the rain forests,the tribal peoplehavetaughtus 258

about many of t h e m e d i c i n e s( 1 1 ) use today. Most of the medicines \\12) aregiven to patientsto fight heartdiseaseand treatcancerareobtained from rain tbrestplants.Aspirin originally camefrom the rain forests.A certaintype of flower. (13) the 'rosyperiwinkle'.helpstreatchildrenwith Leukemia,a kind of cancer.Rain forestsalso provide people (14) materialsfor hundredsof otherproducts.For ( 15) , the glue on an envelopeand in shoescomesfiom tropicalplantsin rain forests. In the past,rain forests( I 6) to cover 147oof the Earth'sland but now they coverless(17) 6 o/o.Most of the rain forests have been destroyedin the last 50 years.In fact, rain forestsare disappearingat a frighteningspeed:I 50 acresper minute.Therewill be no rain forestsin the future ( 18) we take precautionsto save them. If all the rain forests (19) destroyed. many tribal peoplewill haveto move into cities.They will alsobe made to live in apartments or flats,which are totally differentfrom their own naturalenvironmentin the rain forests.As it will probably be very difficult for these people to survive in cities, filost of (20) mav die and if thev die. their valuablerain forestculturewill be lostforever. 23 About a year ago.I had a bad quarrelwith my father,and we havehardly spokento eachother 0 ) then. It all began becausehe did not approve (2) m y goin-eout with Martin, who he thoughtwas not suitable(3) me at all.I told him that he had no right to interferewith my personal ife, (4) madehim even more furious. A few months (5) the quarrel, I discoveredthat Martin was seeinghis ex-girl friend. As I was heartbrokenat not having beentold about this, I decidedto put an end to our relationshipN. o matter(6) hardhe tried.Martin was unable to persuademe (7) carry on seeingeachother.I (B) haven'ttold my fatheraboutthe breakup eventhoughI phonedhim recentlyto wish hirn a happy birthday. I was planningto apologize(9) him for what I had said as I now realizethat my relation with Martin was not worth breakinemv father'sheart. However. he soundedso cool on the phone (10) I didn't feel like continuins the conversationauv longer. We had a lovely time touring the United Stateslast year. We landedat Kennedy Airport and went first to Manhattan.(1I ) we stayedin the Hilton Hotel on Sixth Avenue. (12) our stay,we visitedthe MetropolitanMuseum. One day we took a boat alongthe HudsonRiver andcruisedaroundthe ManhattanIsland.After we stavedin New York i l3) a week, we flew to Denver to see the Rocky Mountains. (l4) w i l d e r n e s sf a s c i n a t e dm e . 259

24 Henry Adams is probablythe luckiestpersonI know. I normally envy very few of my friends job becauseI'm happy(l) what I do, but Henry Adams is one of thoserare people(2) job I would like to havemyself.Henry had alwaysbeeninreresred ( 3 ) animals.That'swhy he studiedto be a vet. when he finished university. he went to London, (4) he looked after domestic animals such (s) cats and dogs. As the job did nor (6) up to his expectations,he gave it up and found a better one in a game reserve in America ( 7 ) the help of one of his professorsat university.Now he is responsibleIbr theprotectionof speciesthat arein dangerof extinction. When Linda Brown's new Polo Classicbroke down on D-10 Highway last week. she immediatelycalled the car company.Since her car was (8) g u a r a n t e e .s h e was expectingto have it repairedfree (9) charge.The person on the other side of the line couldn'tunderstandwhat she was trying to say.Thinking that the breakdown was partly due to Mrs. Brown's fault, the companyrepresentativerefuseclto nreether clailn (101 full and hung up without botheringto listento further expranationM. rs. Brown was so furious(l l) the way shewas treatedthat she wrote a letterto the Polo Companyand complained(12) the representativeshe had talkedto on thephone. )< Euthanasiat,he practiceof killing someonepainlesslyin order to relievetheir suff'ering.is actually one of the most difficult problems facing societiestoday. The worcl 'euthanersia'. ( l ) comesfrom Greek,literallymeans'gooddeath'. Today a lot of people are in comas(2) to accidentsor incurable d i s e a s e s .( 3 ) most of these patients have no chance ro recover completely, doctors and nurses are trying to keep them alive because laws do pot (4) doctorsto end the lives of suchpatients.However. the supportersof euthanasiaclaim that patients(5) incurablediseasesshould have the right to die for the fbllowing reasons: The first and(6) importantreasonis that the patientshaveno hopeof recovery.In other words, (7) can never lead normal lives. The second reasonfor euthanasiais that patientsare in unbearablepain and euthanasiaseemsto be the o n l ys o l u t i o n( 8 ) end their pain. In additionto this, the fact that the families of the patientssuffer from sadnessshould also be kept in mind. Thesefamilies try to do their (e) to keep the patientsalive but unfortunately (10)-..------------.-_-_- 260

can be done to help them recover from a fatal illness. Apart from these. the ( l l ) of medical treatmentof terminally ill patientsis extremelyhigh and most familiescannot(12) to continue to pay for such a treatment fbr long. The caseof Karen Ann Quinland in 1975 in the United Statesdrew the attentionof the whole world to euthanasiaT.his 2l-year-oldyoungwoman(13) s o m ed r u g s with alcoholand slippedinto a coma which she (14) never recovertrom Karen responded(15) to light nor to sound. She was beirig kept alive (16) the help of a breathingmachine.Karen'sparentsvisitedher every day even though s h ew a s( 1 7 ) to seeor speakto them. It was verY difficult for the Quinlands to see their beloved daughter in a coma. Three months ( 18 ) . Karen'sfatheraskedthe doctorsto turn off the machine.However. rhe doctorsrefusedto do this, sayingthat such an act would be a kind of murder. The father thenaskedthe court to (19) their daughterdie. After a long struggle,the court gave permlsslon to turn off the breathingmachine.Karen did not die immediately.She remainedin a coma(20) herdeathin JulY1985. 26 Therewasgreatpublicintereswt hen a big holemysteriouslayppeareidn themiddleof a field. Army mechanics,geologistsand engineerswere called to explain (1) it had got there.They offered various explanationsbut (2) of thern was sureaboutthe real cause.The field was an old battlefield so oneof thepossibilitiewsas that the hole might have beencausedby the explosionof a bomb (3)------ had been buried under the ground for many years.However, it was not possibleto prove (4) A 'simple' but highly improbable explanation was offered by a man who (s) to work for NASA. He had retired a few years eatrlierand he claimed to be well-informed (6) 'flying saucers'- strangeobjects fiom outer space. he saw the specialmarks on the soil near the hole' he said that a (7) flying saucer had visited the Earth. He claimed to have seen similar marks ( 8 ) . He addedthat he had also seenholes causedby bombs but they were (9) smaller. A bomb, he said, couldn't hltve opened (10) a big hole in the ground. In additionto this. the leaveson some bushesnearbyhad turnedyellow because(11) a strangehot gasrvhich had come from the saucer.Even (12) small tree some wav off appearedto have burnt slightly.The small piece of metal found tn the hole provided the man 261

(13) proof thata strangeobjecthad beenthere.According to the man. it was quite clearthat creaturesfrom outerspacehad been circlingthe Earthwhen (14) went wrong. They had been forced to landin a field (15) that they could repair the damage.Therefbre. (16) the hole and the strangemarks had been causedby the f-lvinc saucer.The hole had been causedwhen the saucerstruck the earth, while the stran.qemarks nearbyweremadewhen it took (17) again.This, saidtheman.wasthe best explanation( 18) a betterone was found. The rnan'sexplanirtion sound nonsense to you. However, there are a great (1e) peoplewho believethatflying saucersvisit our planetregularly. (20) 27 Last Friday I was supposed(l) go to a wedding,but I spentthe whole eveningtrappedin rny car instead.I started preparingfor the wecldingvery early that day. As my only dressfor such an occasionhad worn (2) , I went shopping.I spent a(n)(3) lot of money to buy a new dress.Then I went to the hairclresser's when I arrivedhome, I put my new dresson and I lefi the houseearly (4) the weddingwas at a churchin a nearbytown. I waswalking(5) thedirectionof my carwhen I saw a dog runningin the street. It looked very threarening.It first knocked(6) sornegarbagecans and then headedtowards me. Not knowing what to do, I stood there for a I'ew seconds.Thcn I startedrunningto my car.I was aware(7) the dangerbehindrne.so I ctLrickll got into the car and locked the doors. The dog was outsicle, looking ar me (B)--. I waved at the angry dog and it backedaway a few steps.so I thought I was ready to set (9)- on my long drive. but unfortunately,althoueh l rriecl severaltimes,I wasn't(10) t o s t a r tt h e c a r . ( 1 1 ; Ieft rnv phonebook at home,I didn'thavethemechanic'pshonenumberwith rne.( l2) I was trying to startthe car, the dog cameback.It was standingright next to rny door. so lt was impossiblefor me to get backhometo pick up my phonebook.(13) the dog hadn'tbeenso near,I would havetakenthe risk. Therewasn'ta singleperson(14) sight,and I satin the car helplesslvfbr some time. Then I rememberedthat I had my mobile phone with me. I imrnediatelycallecl Chris.a good friend,and told him thatmy car had (15) down andthatI had been taken hostageby an angry dog. My frienclpromisedto come and help rne. I waited and waited for what seemedto be hours. When my fiiend (16) ltrnved, the ciotl was still there. It startedrunning towards rny friend as soon as he opeled his cloor (t7) severalunsuccessfual tterxpts,he gave up. He called me and saicl.',1 don'twantto let you (18) , but I cannothelp you (19) that dog is takenaway.You will (20) to wait until I find someonewho is briive enoughto do this!\" 262

28 Janesharesa housewith anothergirl. The housetheylive in is (l) hilltop,so it hasan excellentview of the city. Janeand her friend get on (2) eachother very well. The houseworkis sharedequally (3) the two girls. Janeis very (4) ln trylng new reclpes,so she doesthe cooking. Her fl'iend has to do the cleaning.She doesn't(5) sweepingand dustingthe house becauseshethinksthis is mucheasierthancooking.\"(6) hardltry,lcannot cook,\" saysJane'sfriend. YesterdayJanehad to go to (7) hospitalto visit her grandmother,so shenevergot round to (8) dinner.When her friend arrivedhome.shewiis disappointednot (9) find anythingto eat. (10) her hunger,shewaitedfor Jane 29 I s w e a l t he s s e n t i a(l ) h a p p i n e s sW?e l l ,a s( 2 ) asI'm concernedt,he answerts definitely 'No'. (3) I suffer frorn a fatirldiseasc. In thatcase,will moneybring me happinessO? f coursenot. ln my opinionhappinessdepends m a i n l y( 4 ) healthratherthan wealth.When you are healthy.therets ncr r e a s o nw h y y o u s h o u l d ng' te t( 5 ) thedifficultiesin lif-e. After shebroke (6) with her boyfriend,my daughterLiz got in the habit (7) srnoking cigarettes.In the beginning, I thought it was her way of c o p i n g( 8 ) sadnessbut when I realized that she had become a chain smoker.I decidednot to let her smokewhen shewas with me. However,I knew that as soonas I wasoutof (9) shewould light a cigarette.No matterhow hard I tried. I couldn'tpersuadeher to cut (10) on smoking. Now. Liz is seein-9n psychologiswt ho I hopewill helphergive up this badhabit. 30 A new breed of women, called\"supermoms\",is becoming abundant.A supermommay be (1) as a woman who works while raising tamilies. The typical supermomis mainly (2) with managing her family. For ( . 3) _ she makes day-care and preschool arrangements as (4) as organizingafter-schooel vents(5)____ as the cinema,football school and birthdayparties.She keepsthe houseclean and well stockedwith food. 263

The typical supermomalso has a position of responsibilityat her place of work. She is often requiredto spendlong hours and make importantdecisions.In (6) theseresponsibilitiess. he managesto sparetime for some activities.These activitiescan be ( 1 ) by playingtennis,taking coursesat the local communitycollege and seeingher friendsoccasionally(.8) the work load shetakesseents almostimpossibleto dealwith, the typicalsupermomhandlesit well. 3t In the opinion of many Americansand Europeans,we only beganto really explore our world in the sixteenthcentury.According (l) thesepeople.the sailorsof ( 2 ) ancientworld did not exploredistantparts of the ( 3 ) - - - _ _ , they did not have the necessaryknowledge (4)_ skills for lon-usea (5) . However. the people who have this opinion (6) forgettingtwo importantfactsof history. (7) sometimesearly scientistshad an idea (8) was correct. but scientists in later centuries (9) not believe it For (l0; a b o u2t 7 0B . C . ,a G r e e ks c i e n t i s( 1t 1 ) an ideawhich w ea l lb e l i e v e( 1 2 ) : The earthmovesaroundthe sun. ( 13) for the following 1.600yearsscientistds id not believethis.In (14) oplnron. the sun clearlymoved aroundthe earth.They ( I 5)_ the truth againonly in the f i f t e e n t hc e n t u r y ! The secondfact of (16) that many peopleforget ( 17)_-- t h i s :A n c i e n td o e s1 1 8 ) mean primitive. To illustrate.the ancientEgyptians knew a lot of things (19) the stars; they used this knowledee (.20) find theirway across(21) oceansT. wo thousandveals t1) I a Greek scientistwho (23) in Egypt calculatedthe distancearoundthe earth.The results(24) his calculationswere closeto the r e a l( 2 5 ) which we know today! So the ancientshad a greatdeal of scientific knowledge. 264

15.2MULTIPLE CHOICE TESTS Mark the bestchoice. I than the small letters.At schoolthey Childrencan write the capitallettersmuch -(l)- _(2)_ to use pens; i.e., their teachersmake them -(3)-- pencils until they becomereallygood at writing. I . a) easier 2. a) don'thave 3. a) use b) moreeasily b) oughtnot b) to use c) easily c) don'tneed c) using d) easy d) aren'tallowed d) to using I always go to the supennarketon Fridays -_(4)_- I have time to do other things on Saturdaysand Sundays.Another reasonwhy I avoid going to the marketat the weekendis that it's usuallyvery crowded-(5)-. 1. a) in case 5. a) weekends b) sothat b) too c) otherwise c) then d) therefore d) also A: -(6)-? c) When do you wearties d) Were you wearinga tie at worK B: Only while I'm attheoffice. 6. a) How oftendo you weara tie b) Whendid you lastweara tie A: I boughta tarantulayesterday. B: Their'repoisonous.aren'tthey? A: Not all of them.Most speciesarenot dangerousto humans.Their poison is -(7)- to kill anyone. 1. a) too strong c) not strongenough b) nearlystrongenough d) as strongas 8. I joined a bird-watchingclub six months ago. We organisetrips to different parts of the country-(8)- in orderto studybirdsin thewilderness. a) in two weeks'time c) sincethe secondweek b) everytwo weeks d) two weekslater When I was a teenagerI, spentmost weekends-(9) for our neighboursupstairs.They paidme $10 eachrimeandI couldbuy _(10)_ I likedwith thismoney. 9. a) babysitting 10. a) whatever b) to babysit b) however c) on babysitting c) wherever d) babysit d) whenever 265

A : The most dangerousanimalsof the animalkingdom aremosquitoes. B : You meanthosesmallinsects? A: Yes,-(11)_- that causemalaria- a terribleillness.About a rnillionpeopledie becauseof _( l2)_ every year. I l. a) insect 12. a) theyareill b) the ones b) thisillness c) i n s e c t sw h i c h c) illness d) theone d) they becorneill DearAlex. I'm sorrythatI won't be ableto meetyou at the airporton Tuesday I _( I 3)___ ml, car servicedthat day. I won't be at home either.as I have an importantrneetinsin the afternoon.But it isn't difficult to reachmy housefrom the airport._(14)_ vou havc too much luggage.you can take the underground.It's cheap,fast and reliable.But if you have a lot of luggage,take a taxi. By the way, I haven'tgot a sparekey. so I'll leave _( I 5)_ underthe doormatfor you. Seeyou soon, Robert 13. a) havebeenhaving 14. a) Although 15. a) some b) will havebeen b) Because b) that c) amgoingto have c) In spiteof c) mlne d) will haveto d) Unless d) theother Sometimespeoplemake a decision _(16)_ c o m p l e t e l y_ ( 1 7 ) _ _ _ their lives. NicholasRose,for example-, (18)_ a journalistfor fourteenyearsbut at the ageo1'36 he gave up his job at The Sunday Telegraphto write fiction- stories and novels. After -(19)- almostall his savingsin the bank,he realizedthat he neededrnoneyto pay rhe bills. so he starteda fish shopdowntown.Now. however,this shop takesall his time and cnergy andhis novelsremainunwritten. Nicholassays:\" I rememberthe days-(20)_ worked at The StmduyTelegraph.I was up at 8:00 a.m.,wore cleanclothesand smelledof aftershaven, ot of fish. What'smore, I always had the chanceto write a few lines -(21)- the coffee or lunch break. Now all that -(22)-. I don't haveany sparetime any longer.| _(23) up at six ro prepure thefish for saleby 7:30.When I finish work at 8:00p.m.,I'm usually_(24)__ ro wrire anything.I've done everythingI can to make the businessworkl but even now I'm earnin-eless than half my salary as a journalist. Obviously, my decisionto leave my job at The Sundut, Telegraphwas a bad one.\" 266

r6. a) that t]. a) upset l8 a) was b) hasbeen bt . which b) isupset c) is c) upsets d) will be d) whichit d) will haveupset 19. a) spending 20. a) thathave 21. a) while b) he spends during c) spent b) whereI b) when d) to spending c) which c) between d) whenI d) 22. a) waschanged 1.J. a) havebeen 'tA a) astired as b ) havebeenchanging b) will be b) very tired h a s b e e nc h a n g e d c) was c) too tired d ) haschanged d) mustbe d) tiredenou-eh The Yanomami Indians are a group of people living in the tropical rainforestsin northern Brazil. They live in farnily groups in srnall cottages.They depend on zigriculturefor therr survival.They usepoisonousarrows,which aretools usedfor -(25)-_. They alsocatch fish in the rivers.The YanomamiIndians-(26)- in theserainforestsfor over 10.000 vears.However,todaythey arein dangerof losingtheir land and culture. Dr. JosePereirais a doctor with the Brazilian Indian agency.He is the only doctor in the area who is trying to help the 35,000Yanomami.He is speakingto a newspaper eporteraboutwhat is happeningto theseIndiansat the moment. Dr. Pereira : They -(27)- healthy people, happy and always smiling. before stranserscame to their land to look for gold. Today, there are people -ittl- for gold everywhere and these people are poisoning the Indians' rivers with Mercury (Hg). They are cutting down the trees in thc rarnforestsT. hus, more and more land is becomingdan-geroums alarialswiilllp- l a n d . I l l n e s s e ss u c h a s m a l a r i aa n d t u b e r c u l o s i s- ( 2 9 ) - - moreoftenthan everbefore.Their childrenaredying and this is not their fault. Reporter : As a doctor,what kind of difficultiesareyou dealingwith? Dr. Pereira : Our medical suppliesare very limited. -(30)- quinine - rr specirl medicineto cure malaria- we have no other medicine.The lack of proper injectionsandpills causesmany unnecessardyeaths. 25. a) hunting 26. a) will beliving 27. a) l-tavebeen b) hunters b) areliving b) usedto be c) to hunt c) lived c) are d) to hunting d) have beenliving d) would be 28. a) to look 29. a) is seen 30. a) Exceptthat b) looking b) haveseen bt Apart ft'orn c) for looking c) will haveseen c) Besides d) theylook d) areseen dl In rdditiorr 261

Reporter : You work under very difficult conditions.Wouldn't you like to leave this placeand work in a clean,well-equippedhospitalinstead? Dr. Pereira : No. I'd rather-(31)- here.Thesepeopleneedprof'essionahl elp. you see,I'm the only doctor here.I only wish the agency_(32)--_ more doctorsto this area. Reporter : Is thereany crime amongthe YanomamiIndians? Dr. Pereira : Casesof violent crime were uncomtnon in this neighbourhoodbefore the arrival of the gold-hunters.However, in nine months this year there have alreadybeen 363 violent deaths.I -(33)-- this numberwill continue to increasein the nearfuture. Reporter : What do you think will happento the YanomamiIndiansin the nearfuture? Dr. Pereira : Most Indiansdon't know what to do. Many have stoppedgrowing crops. so food hasbecome6carce.If thereis no food, thereis no reasonto stayhere.of course.Some are leaving their villages.It's sad to seethat happening,but I believemost families-(34)- their villagesby the enclof next year. Those who chooseto stay will suffer. If a solution_(35a)_ ro rhis problem,the remaining Indians_(35b)_ very soon.\" 3l. a) stay 32. a) send 33. a) expect b) to stay b) will send b) hope c) staying c) wouldsend c ) d o n ' tw a n t d) would stay d) weresent d) thought 34. a) will leave 35. a) won'tbefound.......disappear b) will haveleft c) will beleft b) wasfound.......woulddnis'tappear d) areleaving c) isn'tfound.......wdililsappear d) wouldbefound.......aredni'st appeanng ) The holes in Swiss cheese-(l)- by bacteria.These are not the kind of bacreria _(2)_ makeyou sick but they aresafe_(3)_. l. a) havemade 2. a) that 3. a) theone b) weremade b) and b) one c) make c) when c) ones d) aremade d) so d) theones In the town whereI live, it is very hot in the summerand in the eveningsnobody wantsto stay at home. We have a specialsummercinema and we -(4)_ go there. Sometimesthe film is not very goodbut we do not_(5) 268

4. a) might 5. a) mind b) must b) watch c) never c) enjoy d) often d) hate Mina Trenton ran away from home when she was about 16 becauseher parents did not _(6)_ her to go out in the evenings.Mina is 18 yearsold now. After _(7)_ two years away from her parents,she thinks there is no place like home. She wishes she _(8)_ there, but her parents are still angry with her. If they forgave her. she _(9)_ back home. 6. a) make 7. a) spent b) allow b) hasspent c) need c) spending d) let d) hasbeenspending 8. a) were 9. a) went b) is b) will go c) canbe c) would go d) hasbeen d) wantsto go Mrs. Mills spends too much money _(10)_ clothes. She does not really them. Yesterdayshe saw a beautiful _(11)_ new clothesbut she _(12)_ It wasjust the right sizebut it was coatin a shopwindow. Shewent in and_(13)_. moneywith her. very expensiveM. rs. Mills did not have_(14)_ 10. a) in 11. a) need 12. a) hasbought b) for b) want b) lovesbuying c) with c) wear c) enjoysshopping d) on d) have d) affords 13. a) c h a n g e di n t o 14. a) some b) put on b) enough c) triedit on c) too much d) wore it d) little The great new year dinners that we -(15)- have are one of -(16)- memoriesof my childhood. My mother startedcooking early in the morning. All our relativesjoined us that night. My sisterand I loved thosefamily dinnersbecausewe could soto bed (11) we liked. 15. a) usedto 16. a) happierthan 17. a) laterthan b) used b) happier b) anyway c) haveused c) happy c) whenever d) w e r e u s e dt o d) thehappiest d) aslong as 269

There are -(18)- carsin Britain today than therewere a few yearsago.The total numberof carsin Britain is about 11,000,000T. he traffic goeson increasingall the time and the roads of most big cities _(19)_ by a slow moving procession of cars _(20)_ the rush hours. 18. a) bigger 19. a) is blocked 20. a) while b) few b) haveblocked b) when c) less c) areblocked c) until d) more d) havebeenblocking d) during Since their introduction to economy as a meansof exchange,credit cards _(21)___ money becausethey are very convenientfor both the buyer and the seller.__(22)__. creditcardsarenot real money:they arequite valuelessin themselves. 21. a) replaced 22. a) Therefore b) havereplaced b) However c) havebeenreplaced c) Fortunately d) werereplaced d) Although Joe Fortunate had a terrible day yesterday.He _(23)_ for work early but hrs car _(24)_ on the way. He called a mechanicto _(25) He _(26)__ ro wait for the mechanicfor 4 hours and he was late for work. In the evening,when he arrivecl home, he couldn't find his keys so he decidedto enter the house from the window. He -(27)- into the house when a policemansaw him. He _(28)__ Joe fbr breakinginto his own house. 23. a) setoff 24. a) crashedinto 25. a') repair b) s e t t l e dd o w n b) brokedown b) haveit repaired c) c a r r i e do n c) speededup c) repairingit d) took up d) sloweddown d) hasrepairedit 26. a) ought 27. a) wasgetting 28. a) wasarresting b) o u g h tn o t b) hasbeengetting b) wasarrested c) had c) got c) arrested d) did not have d) hasgot d) hasbeenarrested Scientistspredictthat therewill be big changesin the world's climatein the future.By the year 2030,all the ice at the poles-(29)- and the sealevel will be fifty centimetershigher. For this reason,city plannersare planning to build walls around the cities _(30)_ therearefloods. 29. a) will havemelted 30. a) because b) is goingto melt b) unless c) will melt c) sothat d) will bemelting d) in case 270

A: -(31)- l a s tw e e k e n d? B: My grandmotherS. heis very old and shecan'tgo out. 31. a) Who visitedyou b) Where were you c) Where did you go d) Who did you visit A: -(32)-? B: In Switzerland. 32. a) Where were watchesmade b) Where do they make the world's bestwatches c) Which countrymakesthe bestwatches d) Who makesthe world'sbestwatches A: How many letters-(33)- sinceyou left home ? B: Only two. 33. a) haveyou written b) h a v eb e e nw r i t i n g c) do you write d) were written l Julia is an 8-year-oldgirl with beautiful long straighthair, but she doesn'tlike her hair becauseit is not curly.Shesays,\"I wish I -(1)- curlyhair\". 1. a) have b) wouldhave c) will have d) had In the UK young people-(2)- to work part time, but they -(3)- have permissionfrom their parents. 2. a) allow 3. a) don'thaveto b) arenot allowed b) don't needto c) areallowed c) ought d) do not allow d) must Bob and I live in the sameblock of flats.My flat is on the sixth floor and Bob's is on the secondfloor. Our flats are very convenient,but they are a bit noisy becausethey are on a main street.Bob's flat is worse than-(4)-- becauseit is just -(5)- a pub wherethereis alwaysloud music. 2ll

4. a) mine 5. a) above b) me b) between c) I c) across d) my d) along There are two kinds of sleep;deep sleepand light sleep.Peoplereach the stateof deep sleep very -(6)-. -(7)- the period of deep sleep,people do not dream. They dream when they arein the period of light sleep. 6. a) easier 7. a) While b) moreeasily b) During c) quickly c) After that d) quicker d) Then Janewoke up with a terrible cold yesterdaymorning. Her doctor examined her and prescribed somemedicine. He told her to stay in bed for threedays.Unfortunately, shehas an important meetingwith her boss this afternoon.If she _(8a)_ a cold, she_(8b)_ the meeting.She is going to call her bossand ask him to have the meetingnext week. She hopes t h a ts h e_ ( 9 ) _ by then. 8. a) wouldn'thave...attended 9. a) will be recovering b) had ...wouldn'tattend b) is going to recover c) didn'thave...would attend c) will haverecovered d) would have...didn'tattend d) is recovering The effects of stresson man _(10)_ for many years. The result of the studies _(l 1)_ that our bodiesreactwhen stressfulsituationsoccur_(12)_ 10. a) hasbeenstudied ll. a) show 12. a) often b) havebeenstudied b) areshowing b) any longer c) havebeenstudying c) to show c) always d) wasstudied d) shows d) already The town's-(13)- sportsclub closeddown last week. Six months ago, the ownersof the building wantedto increasethe rent. -(14)_ the managementof the club tried to cover this increaseby putting up entrancefees,this was not successful_, (15)-- at a specialmeeting last Friday they decidedto closethe club. 13.a) big 14. a) Exceptthat 15. a) as b) biggest b) However b) but c) bigger c) In spiteof c) so d) bigenough d) Although d) because After retiring from the film industry, Howard Hughes, the American film producer, _(16)_ completelyon his own. He _(17)_ all day in bed _(19)-- films. He didn't leavehis house_(19)_ his deathin 196l. 272

16. a; lived 17. a) was spending b) lives b) usedto spend c) haslived c) spend d) hasbeenliving d) had to spend 18. a) watching 19. a) from b) watched b) until c) watch c) since d) waswatching d) where Monica's car broke _(20)- yesterday morning. She called a mechanic to _(Z9_. The mechanicsaid, \"Unlessthere-(22a)- a big problem with your car,it _(Zzb)_ readytomorrow.\" This morning the mechaniccalledMonica and said,\"Your car is ready.You canpick it up -(23)- you like.\" 20. a) out 21. a) haverepairedit b) up b) haveit repaired c) off c) be repairing d) down d) repair 22. a) will be...is 23. a) wherever b) isn't..w. ill be b) any time c) is...will be c) aslong as d) will be...isn't d) whatever peoplemust have certainqualitiesto go on jungle expeditions,-(24)- tiring and dangerous.First, they should be strong and healthy. Next, they should be good at _(zs)-food becausethey cannotcarry-(26)-food in thejungle' Finally, they shouldknow -(27)- in a team. 24. a) are 25. a) finding b) whichtheYare b) find c) whichare c) to find d) they are d) found 26. a) lots 27. a) working b) many b) work c) much c) to work d) some d) how to work tIt . A groupof peopleare visiting an art exhibition. Somepeoplecannot seesomeof the able to see pictureson display.If they had hung the pictures lower, people themproperly. a) wouldbe b) willbe c) would havebeen d) are 2. He hasto work hard evenat weekends, ? c) hashe a) hasn'the b) doesn'the d) isn'the 213

3. A woman who is overweightis visitingher doctor: Woman : \" Can I losefive kilos in one week?,' Doctor : \"In fact,I reallydon'tknow _ losethatmuch in one week.,' a) whethercan you b) thatyou can c) whetheryou can d) how muchcanyou I didn't listento the lecturercarefullylast week. Now I haveto preparea proJecton the same subject and I don't have -(4)- notes becausethey are incomplete. I wish I -(5)_- more attentionto the lecturer. 4. a) any 5. a) paid b) enough b) waspaid c) much c) hadpaid d) a lot d) waspaying 'Scandal'is an exciting film. It raisesinterestingquestionsabout a _(6)--_ scandalin politics. The film shows a seventeen-year-olsdhowgirl. Christine Keeler. She begins her relationshipwith the governmentminister,John Profumo. It is a(n) _-_(7)-- terriflc film andyou _(8)-- irl 6. a) shock 7. a) very B. a) shouldn'tmiss b) shocking b) quite b) shouldn'thavemissed c) shocked c) slightly c) missed d) shockingly d) absolutely d ) a r e n ' mt i s s i n g The driver swervedto avoid the car that pulled out of a side road, but he was too late. If he -(9)- quicker to swerve,he -(10)- straight into the back of rhe orher car. -(l I )-, he _-(1 2)- his seatbelt and nothinghappenedto him. 9. a) was 10. a) wouldn'tcrash b) hadn'tbeen b) wouldn'thavecrashed c) hadbeen c) would crash d) is d) would havecrashed I l. a) Surprisingly 12. a) is wearing b) On thecontrary b) hadworn c) On theotherhand c) waswearing d) Fortunately d) worn Lady shoppersat a large shoppingmall in Florida openedtheir handbagsfor a fun surveyand someof the things insidewere really strange.InsideShirley Amendola'sbag therewas one of her baby teeth. \"I had plannedto put the tooth in my safe-deposibt ox at the bank\" saidthe 30- yearold medicalassistant.\"I didn't go to the bank that day andI _(13)--- thetooth in my purse over the Iast few months. Inside Phyllis Moloney's handbagthere was an electronic 274

Spanishlanguageinterpreter.\"I got it for Christmaslast year. I just think it's handyto have it there _(14)_ somebodysays somethingin Spanishto me.\" Sue Moore had three differentpursesinsideher handbag.\"Al1 I really needis inside_(15)_ purse. The two otherpursesaremuch smallerand can hold only money.\" 13. a) had carried 14. a) in case 15. a) bigger b) havebeencarrying b) sothat b) asbig as c) am carrying c) otherwise c) toobig d) hadbeencarried d) because d) thebiggest Errolis on duty at the police station.A man arrivesin a hurry. Man I've lost my laptopcomputer. Has one beenhandedin ? Errol No, sir, it hasn't._(16)- did you loseit? Man JustafterI left homein ChesterStreetthis mornins. Errol _( l1)_ laptop was it? Man It wasa Macintosh. 16. a) How far 17. a) What rnakeof b) How long ago b) How expensive c) How long c) Whose d) How often d) What kind 'My nameis Jim Shelleyand I am an addict.' With thesewords I beganto solvethe problem. the problem of my telephoneaddiction. I think I startedsocially - a few calls each day. I _(18)_, make calls,ring peopleup - talk, talk and talk. And it beganto affect my work. I was spendingall of my lunch time phoning. During the day I would disappearfor a quick call. One night I found it impossibleto sleep,thinking I could hear the phone ringing downstairs. I jumped out of bed and then discoveredit _( 19)_ at all. Things were so bad I often rangpeopleand asked_(20)_ to ring me. I had a businessand a privateline _(21)_. And one day I hit my supervisorwith the phone. Of course,I lost rny job. Finally. the police caughtme destroyinga phone box _(22)_ my lastf.l coin andI was orderedto seea psychiatrist.It's severaldayssinceI useda telephone.I alsotry not to watch TV becausetherearealwayspeopleon it -(23)- phonecalls. 18. a) am usedto phoning 19. a) d i d n ' tr i n g b) amphoning b) h a d n ' tr u n g c) usedto phone c) hadrung d) havephoned d) was ringing 20. a) themif theyhadtried 21. a) installing b) hadtheytried b) was installed c) if they havebeentrying c) installed d) them they were trying d) wasinstalling 215

22. a) which take 23. a) making b) where it was taken b) made c) that had taken c) make d) thatwastaking d) wasmaking 5 Good studentsusually have good study habitsand know _(l)_ their time efficiently. Some find it helpful to draw up a five or six-day programmeeach week. Of course,one cannot always keep to such a plan; unexpectedthings often happen but still, such a plan m a k e s_ ( 2 ) _ aboutwhat we oughtto do during the week. l. a) organizing 2. a) usthink b) how to organize b) think c) to organize c) to think d) how organized d) usto think Although Maria has beenattendingan English coursefor six months,she still hasproblems expressingher opinions in the target language.She knows the grammar rules very -(3)-, but shecannotspeak -(4)- the other studentsin class.That'swhy her teacheradvisedher to attenda conversationclub, which will enableher to practicespeaking. 3. a) goodenough 4. a) fluently b) well b) asfluently as c) good c) morefluentlythan d) well enough d) themostfluently Next week I'm planning to go to the village where I _(5)_ up. I _(6)-- my good-old friends since I graduatedfrom high school, so I wonder whether they will recognizeme or not. I'm really looking forward to meetingthem again. 5. a) usedto grow 6. a) haven'tvisited b) had beengrown b) hadn'tvisited c) grew c) haven'tbeenvisiting d) wasgrown d) didn'tvisit Have you evertried askingpeoplefor directions?I had to go to London on businessrecently, and I soon realizedthat I -(7)- a streetmap. -(8)_ I followed the directionsof passers-byI, got lost. Then, I decidedto take a taxi. After all, London taxi drivers have to passa test on their knowledge of its streets.But I couldn't find one. They had all simply vanished.In the end, I went up to the first tourist I saw and asked_(9)_ their tourist map. 1. a) mustbuy 8. a) Whenever 9. a) whetherI can look at b) shouldhavebought b) However b) themto look at c) needto buy c) Wherever c) if I couldlook at d) couldbuy d) Whatever d) whereI could look at 216

Mrs. Winnifred Weaverhasbeeninvolvedin politicsever sinceshewas a student.Shejoined the Labour Party when shewas at school.If shehadn'tmet Harold Wilson at a conferenceat Hull University25 yearsago, she-(10)- a successfuml emberof the parliamentnow' Despiteher busy life, Mrs. Weaver-(11)- severalinfluentialbooks aboutthe political systemin Britain. Thesedays she-(12)- on her latestbook, which is a collectionof her memories. 10. a) wouldn'thavebeen i 1. a) writes 12. a) is working b) isn't b) haswritten b) works c) can'tbe c) will havewritten c) hasbeenworking d) wouldn'tbe d) hasbeenwriting d) has worked Sally is working on her term paperand Lisa entersthe room' Lisa : Hi Sallyl What areYoudoing? Sally : Well, I'm still working on my term paperwhich is due for tomorrow. Lisa I see.That meansyou don'thavetime to help me with my homework, _( l3)-? Sally Not at the moment.WhY? Lisa Actually, I have a few questionsto ask you about my own term paper but slnce you arebusyworking on yours,I can ask someoneelse' Sally Is it urgent? Lisa Not really. mine by then,so we can Sally Why _( 14)_an hour later?I will -(15)- spendthe restof the eveningworking on yours. Lisa That'sa good idea.SeeYouthen. 13. a) h a v ey o u 14. a) won't you come 15. a) finish b) d o n ' ty o u b) can'tyou come b) be finished c) c) aren'tyou coming c) havefinished d) h a v e n ' tY o u d) don'tyou come d) befinishing do you Last spring we rented an old manor housethat had been built on the site of an ancientbattle groundwherethousandsof men aresupposedto havedied.We didn't believethe ghoststories which the housekeepetrold us' on the Monday of the secondweek' I _-(16)- in the middle of the night by the terrible screamsand moanscoming from the basement.We went downstairs where the screamswere even louder. Terrified, we ran all the way to the village _(17)_ at a hotel. The next day the housekeepertold us that the screamswhich we heardwere the ghostsof the soldierswho died fighting. We didn't sleepin the houseagain.It was certainly-( 18)- experienceI had everhad' 211

16. a) hadwokenup 17. a) thatthenight wasspent b) wokenup b) which we spentthe night c) waswokenup c) we spentthe night d) had beenwoken up d) wherewe spentthe night 18. a) the most frightened b) a frightening c) the most frightening d) more frightenedthan any Samand Linda aretalking aboutthe receptionthat they haveto attend. Linda I reallydon'tfeellike goingto thereception. Sam -(19)-. I wishI -(20)- Mr. Brown aboutour plansfor thisevening earlier,but it is too latenow. Linda It'sOK. Do you know how long_(21)_? Sam Not more thantwo hours.Why? Linda I thoughtmaybewe could still go to Mark's party after the reception. Sam That'sa good idea,but I think it will be tiring to go from one placeto another,and I haveto get up early tomorrow morning.I'd rather_(zz)_back homeafter thereception. 19. a) I don't 20. a) could tell b) Neitherdo I b) told c) Ido c) would tell d) SodoI d) hadrold 21. a) the receptionwill last 22. a) to go b) hasthe receptionlasted b) went c) the receptionhaslasted c) going d) will the receptionlast d) go SomehowI always have problemswhen I go away on holiday. This year I got food poisoningthe day I arrived.It must have beenthe fish I ate at the hotel that evening.It took me most of the first week to recover. By the time I felt better, the weather -(23)-, but I was determined to go sight-seeingand do some swimming. -(24)-, none of the museumswere open, as there was a stnke, and it was far -(25)- to go for a swim. I'm surer _(26)_myself more if I had stayedar home. 23. a) hadchanged 24. a) Luckily b) waschanged b) Eventually c) didn'tchange c) Recently d) wasn'tchanging d) Unfortunarely 218

25. a) colder 26. a) enjoyed b) toocold b) couldenjoy c) very cold c) hadenjoyed d) cold enough d) would haveenjoyed 6. Luna is talking to her daughterEmma. Luna You heardme call you,-(1)--, Emma? Emma No, mom. Sorry,just let me finish this chessgame. Luna How long_(2) Emma For aboutan hour, mom. That'sall. Luna Emma, you are spendingtoo much time -(3)- to beatthe computerat chess!I think you shouldbe awareof the fact that you haveotherresponsibilities both at homeandat school. l. a) don'tyou 2. a) didyouplay 3. a) trying b) hadyou b) areyouplaying b) to try c) didn'tyou c) haveyouplayed c) for trying d) wereyou d) haveyoubeenplaying d) try Growing older makespeoplemore consciousabouttheir health.This is certainlytrue for me. When I was young, I used to smoke three packs of cigarettesa day. I would start every morning lighting a cigaretteand coughing.-(4) I walked up a flight of stairs.I would have to stop halfway up to take a rest.After I got married, my wife insistedthat I shouldgive up smoking.Shetold me that I _(5)- long enoughto seerny children grow up so I quit smoking.That was twenty yearsago and I -(6)- even a single c i s a r e t t es i n c et h e n . 4. a) However 5. a) wouldn'tlive 6. a) haven'tbeensmoking b) Whenever b) hadn'tlived b) hadn'tsmoked c) Whatever c) didn'tlive c) wasn'tsmoking d) Wherever d ) w a s n 'lti v i n g d) haven'tsmoked I havebeenbusy with my examsover the lasttwo weeks.They areover now, thank goodness, and I can relax for a while and write lettersto all my friends.I -(7)- the resultsby the time my parentscomeback from Parisso I'm keepingmy fingerscrossed.On their return I want to give them the good news. I shouldget at least65 on all my finals -(8)- I will not haveto attendthe summerschoolthat lastsabouttwo months.Actually, everythingis my fault. If I -(9a)- a bit harder during the first semester,I --(9b) anythingto worry aboutnow. 219

'1. a) will havelearned 8. a) otherwise b) will belearning b) exceptthat c) am learning c) unless d) will havebeenlearned d) sothat 9. a) studied... wouldn'thave b) had studied... wouldn'thavehad c) had studied... wouldn'thave d) studied... do not haveto have Mary, who hasjust returnedfrom her holiday in Greece,is talking to her friend Sally on the phone. Sally When did you come back from Greece?I called you severaltimes the other day but therewas no answer. Mary Well, I cameback yesterdaymorning. Sally I see,so how was it? Mary To tell the truth it was a disaster.I wish I _(10) your advice.You Sally suggestedthat I shouldgo somewhereelsebut I insistedon going there. Why? Was it thatbad? Mary Actually it couldn't be worse. The hotel _(11)_ at was horrible. The Sally rooms were extremely small and there was no hot water so I had to take a shower Mary with cold water every single day. To make things worse, one of my suitcases _(12)_ on my first day at the hotel. Oh really? Actually,I _(13)_ the hotel as soonasthingsstartedgoing wrong but as I _(14)_ all the moneyin advance,I didn't want it to go ro wasre. Sally Well, I'm really sorry that your holiday was so bad.Anyway, althoughit was a bad one,just put it down to experience. 10. a) took I 1. a) I stayed 12. a) stole b) could take b) thereI staved b) hadstolen c) had taken c) whereI stayed c) wasstolen d) would take d) wasthatI stayed d) had beenstolen 13. a) mustchange 14. a) waspaying b) shouldhavechanged b) waspaid c) hadto change c) havebeenpaying d) neededto change d) hadpaid 280

Helenis talkingto herroommateCarol. Helen : I haveanimportanet xamtomorrow. Carol : -(15)-, but I reallydon'tfeel like studyingW. hy -_(16)-- to thecanteento havea sandwich? Helen : Are youkidding?Do youknowhowmanychapter-s(17) study? Carol : Well,it is thesamewith me,butwe'lljust sittherefor half anhouror so. Helen : Carol,thereis no wayyou canmakeme-(18)- theroomevenfor half anhour. I -(19)- here.I wantto startstudyingrightaway' Carol OK. ThatmeansI'm goingby myselfthen'If anyone-(20)--' could youpleasetellthemthatI'll bebackin halfanhour? 15. a) Ido 16. a) aren'twe going 17. a) do I haveto b) SodoI b) can'twe go b) I haveto c) Neither haveI c) don'twe go c) s h o u l dI d) I have d) shouldn'twe go d) I can 18. a) to leave 19. a) 'll be stayinghere 20. a) is calling b) left b) 'm allowedto stay b) will call c) leaving c) 'd ratherstay c) calls d) leave d) can stay d) needsto call When I first met Nguyen, it was probably nine or ten weeksafter his arrival in Los Angeles. and he _(21)-- very lonely at the time. We immediately becamefriends but it was difficult ro communicatewith him ashis English wasn't-(22)- to havea long and stimulatingconversationI.n the following months,Nguyen'sEnglish improved and he learnt how _(23)_ with all rhe difficulties of living in a large city like Los Angeles. Actually, at my age I don't make friends easily but I considerNguyen one of my close friends.I think he is -(24)-person I've evermet.I'm quite-(25)- that he likes spending such a lot of time with an old lady like me. Nguyen is kind and c o n s i d e r a t e ._ ( 2 6 ) _ he comes from a culture that is so alien to ours, we can understandeachother very well. And I love having a young personaround;the excitement andoptimismis reallyheartening. 21. a) usedto feel 22. a) goodenough 23.a) is to cope b) wasfeeling b) asgoodas b) canhe cope c) hasbeenfeeling c) toogood c) to cope d) had felt d) good d) he coped 24. a) the most honest 25. a) surprising 26.a) Although b) very honest b) surprisingly b) Despite c) more honestthan c) surprise c) Apart from d) the honest d) surprised d) Becauseof 281

7 The bestholidayof my life was a holidayI (1) in Turkey when I was twenty Three of my friends from university (2) to Turkeyand(3) me to accompanythem. I had very little moneyso, beforeuniversityfinishedfor the summerbreak,I worked every eveningin a pub (4) I could earn (5) on the holiday. l. a) hadhad 2. a) weregoing 3. a) explained b) washaving b) went b) told c) had c) had beengoing c) offered d) havehad d) hadgone d) invited 4. a) so as 5. a) moneyenoughto go b) sothat b) too muchmoneyto go c) in orderto c) enoughmoneyto go d) because d) somuchmoneyfor going Yesterdaymorning Sueparkedher car on a road that didn't have any parking meterson it. To hersurpriseb, y thetimeshe (6) to her car,therewas a parking meternext to it. Someone(7) a parking ticket on the windscreenand the wheels of her car ( 8 ) ! Then shesaw a policeman(9) the street.He cameun to her and askedif the car (10) to her. When sherepliedthat it did, he told her rharshe (11) her car therefor so long and that shehad to pay the ticket... 6. a) returned 7. a) wasplaced b) had returned b) placed c) had beenreturned c) had beenplaced d) wasreturned d) hadplaced 8 . a) had beenclamped 9. a) crossed b) clamped b) wascrossing c) had beenclamping c) crossing d) wereclamping d) who crossed 1 0 .a) had belonged I l. a) s h o u l d n ' tl e a v e b) s h o u l d n 'bt e l e a v i n g b) belonged d) belonging c) wasbelonging c) shouldhaveleft d) shouldn'thaveleft It was a Friday night. Megan caughtthe nine o'clock train from Oxford to London. She sat oppositea man(12) in gray. Sincethe man (i3)_ her, she was able to seehis face very clearly. The next morning Megan bought a newspaperand saw the photographof the sameman on the front page. He was reported(14) a wofftan on a train afterstealingher moneyandjewellery! 282

12.a) wasdressing 13. a) wasfacing 1 4 . a ) h a v i n gk i l l e d b) was faced b) to havekilled b) dressing c) faced c) to kill c) dressed d) facing d) killing d) was dressed : Why did Mr. HigginsshoutatJuliea few minutesago? : B e c a u s e( 1 5 ) the smokingban in the office, she(16) all morning.He warnedher a few times but shedidn't listen. What'smore, althoughshe should know that she mustn't use the office phone for her privatecalls, shecalled her husbandfour timesthis morningl If she(17) a little bit more attentionto theofficerules,Mr. Higgins(18) at her andshe(19) f--l s o a s h a m endo w . 15. a) regardlessof 1 6 .a) kept smoking 17. a) h a d b e e np a i d b) despiteof b) k e e p ss m o k i n g b) hadpaid c) though c) is alwayssmoking c) would havepaid d) despitethe fact that d) alwayssmoked d) would pay 18. a) wouldn'tshout 1 9 .a) wouldn't b) hadn'tshouted b) doesn't c) wouldn'thaveshouted c) didn't d) didn'tshout d) couldn't Everyyearthereare changesin climatein differentpartsof the world. Someof thesechanges occur(20) naturalcauses. However, someothers(21) bv air pollution. To illustrate, burning oil and coal in transport and factories often (:22) air pollution, increasingthe level of carbondioxide in the atmosphere. An increasein the proportionof carbondioxide in the atmospheremight in turn bring abouta rise in atmospheric temperature, and the ice at the north and south poles (23) melt. If this (24) . the sealevel (25) , causlng floods in many parts of the Earth. Therefore, it is necessary that urgent steps (26)_ in industrializedcountries to avoid the disastrouseffects of global warming. 20. a) eventhough 2t. a) caused a) lead to 23. a) could asa resultof arecausing b) resultsfrom b) should b) in spiteof b) arecaused c) resultin c) must c) in orderto c) causing d) leadsto d) usedto d) d) ')A a) happens 25.a) rose 26. a) be taken b) happened haverisen taken c) will happen b) will rise b) will be taken d) would happen c) would berising c) mustbe taken d) d) 283

A : I read an article about mountaineering the other day. I'd no idea that it was (27) popularsportor that(28) peoplewereinvolvedin it. B : Yes.but on the other hand it requires a lot of strength and courage. Moreover. it's (2e) for many peopleto takeup asa hobby. : Well, I don'tthink I'm (30) to climb mountainsmyself, but I wish I ( 3 1) 27. a) so 28. a) sucha lot 29. a) too dangerously b) s u c ha so a lot b) so dangerous c) so much b) suchmany c) too dangerous d) such c) so many d) so dangerously d) 30. a) c o u r a g e o u se n o u g h 31. a) could b) very courageous b) would c) too courageous c) were d) enoughcourageous d) did g I'm not an irresponsiblegrandmotherb, ut I want my grandchildrento have a good time with me. We enjoy breaking the rules when we are together.For example,they _( I )_ sray up as long as they wish when they arein my houseand they find it great._(2)_ there is anyonewho wouldn't do suchfavoursto kids to seethem happy. l. a) don'thaveto 2. a) I wonderif b) let b) I wantto ask c) areallowed c) I haveno ideaif d) can d) I'd like to know I shouldadmit-(3)- mostjealousof is that my sisterdoesn'tput on weight no matter how much she eats.I, on the other hand,gain a kilo if I even smile at a bar of chocolate.I -(4)- losingweightin manyways,but all in vain.I wish I _(5)_ s o m e r h i n gt o speedup my slow metabolism. 3. a) thatwho I am 4. a) looked forward to 5. a) would havedone b) being b) considered b) coulddo c) that I am c) tried c) haddone d) that what I am d) thoughtof d) did Yesterdaya 60-year-oldwoman was reported-(6)_ arrestedfor shoplifting. There were-(7)- stolenitems in the elderly woman'splace that the police couldn'topen the door for half an hour. once they were inside,they found f3,000 worth of goods_(g)_ over the past l0 years.The police _(9)_ six hours_(9)_ three vanswith the stolenproperty. 284

a) to be 7. a) hardlyany b) thatshehadbeen b) very few c) to havebeen c) nearlyall d) thatshewas d) somany 8. a) wasstolen 9. a) took ...for filling b) thewomanhasstolen b) needed... filling c) the woman had stolen c) had ...to fill d) the woman stole d) spent... filling The greatextinctionsof the past,somescientistsclaim, -(10)- by cometsor asteroids _(11)_ into Earth. In 1996, an asteroidpassedby and -(12)- it missedthe earth by only a million kilometersthat astronomerswere able to detectit. Scientistssay we _(13)_ that lucky next time. According to an Austrailan astronomer,that particular asteroidcould have arrived six hours earlier and he saysif that (14)-, the resulting explosionwould have been-(15)- powerful as the one that all of the U.S. nuclear weaponscould produce. 10. a) mustbe caused I l. a) hadcrashed 12. a) by thetime b) might havebeencaused b) thatcrashed b) assoonas c) shouldbe causing c) which werecrashed c) it wasonly when d) couldhavecaused d) crashed d) until 13. a) maynotbe 14. a) happened 15. a) muchmore b) aren't b) hashappened b) quite c) unlikelyto be c) happens c) less d) probablywon't d) had happened d) twice as Tricia and Andrew are the first peopleto sign up to -(16)- after their death,in a new sciencecalled'cryonics'.They want --(17)- back to life in 2100 as they believethe way of life -(18)- completelyby then.Andrew sayshe'd -(19)- to be around in the2100sso thathe -(20)- throughspace. 16. a) gettheirfrozenbodies 17. a) to be brought b) havebeenfrozen b) thatthey bring c) maketheir bodiesfreeze c) to bring d) havetheir bodiesfrozen d) that they arebrought 18. a) will bechanging 19. a) rather 20. a) can travel b) will havechanged b) better b) wouldtravel c) will be changed c) like c) travelled d) will havebeenchanging d) bother d) hadtravelled I hate the popular press _(21)- people's privacy. In the last two weeks there _(22)_ a lot of publicity about the huge compensation-(23)- to a pop stnger after he proved that a newspaperhad madeuntrueclaims abouthis personallife. The singeris 2tt5

one of thoselucky peoplewho has-(24)- moneyto takethe necessarystepsfor justice to be done.Otherwise,he -(25)- the f30.000 neededto take the newspaperto colrrt. The singersaidhe --(26)- to get on well with the pressover the pastf'ewyears.bur rhe news that appearedin the paper was the last straw. \"I hope. from now on. pressmernbers _{27)_ people'sprivatelives,\"he added. 21. a) b e i n gi n v a d e d 22. a) was 23. a) t h a tg a v e b) to invade b) h a sb e e n b) r . v a sg i v e n c) invading c) usedto be c) w h i c h w a sg i v i n - { d) thatit invades d) hadbeen d) given 24. a) enough 25. a) s h o u l d n ' th a v e a f f o r d e d b) somuch b) didn'tafford c) too much c) wouldn'tafford d) sucha lot of d) couldn'thaveafforded 26. a) had beentrying 21. a) respect b) tried b) will berespected c) hasbeentrying c) arerespecting d) wastrying d) respected 2 SandymeetsPauline.a friend fiom school,at a cinema: sandy : Hi, Pauline.what areyou doinghere? I thoughtyou (1)__ ar rhrsrirne of theday. Pauline : Yes, but I've takenthe day off just to relax a bit. Actually,Im planningro tluii soon. Sandy : Really?Why? Pauline : Well, I've beenhavinga difficult time at work recently.Last month they hireda new secretaryw, ho is a realnuisance.To beginwith, shewasn,t(2)_ togetthejob.(3)-this,they-eaveherthejobsinceshe'sthenieceo1. Mr. Johnson.the owner of the company. To make things worse. the director-s. Mr. Trent andMr. Swan,who areexpectingto be promotedsoon,-qavetny of'fice to her! They're (1)---_-.--- inconsideratepeople that they off-erecl (5)-uSethedarklittleofficeattheendofthecorridor| Sandy : How awfull You must hatethe new secretary. Pauline : well, she'sa bore. She'salways(6)___-.-_ aboutherself. what's more.she speaksandlaughs(7)-feelyoureardrumswil1burst!idon'tthinkI'1l be able to put up with all this any longer;(8)----_ I'm thinking about quitting. I wish I (9)-_-_--- thejob advertisemenitn the pirperlastvcar! Il' I (10)-- collegero work in thisjob, I (11)-=--_ my degreeanclI ( l2)-=-- working in a much betrerjob now. If I ( I 3)______ born a g a i nI, ( l 4 ) t h e s a m er n i s t a k e s ! 286

a) shouldhaveworked 2. a) qualified a a) Regardless b) shouldn'wt ork -l- b) In spiteof c) shouldwork c) Becauseof d) shouldbe working b) enoughqualifications d) With a view of c) muchtoo qualified d) nearlyqualifiedenough .t. a) such a) thatI could 6. a) talks b) meto let b) keepstalking b) so c) to let me c) talking c) too d) lettingme d) keeptalking d) somany a) so loudly thatyou 8 . a) asa resultof 9 . a) didn'tsee b) wouldn'thaveseen b) muchtoo loudlyto b) yet c) hadn'tseen d) couldn'tsee c) loudlyenoughto c) because d) sucha loud voicethatyou d) that'swhy 1 0 . a) left I 1. a) wouldget 12. a) arr not b) h a d n ' tl e f t b) would havegotten b) would be c) didn'tleave c) hadgotten c) w o u l d n ' tb e d) had leti d) have alreadygotten d) were 13. a) hadbeen 14. a) would nevermake b) were b) d i d n ' tm a k e c) am c) won'tmake d) will be d) h a d n ' tm a d e Llst Friday, Julia (15)--- at the shop windows to buy a new coat when she (16)_ that she61)_ all the money she had so she decidedto get some rnoney frorn her bank account. When she got to the bank. there r.vereabout ten people (18)--- in a queue,(19)_-- for their turn. All ol a suddetr,three men (20)_ with shotgunsrushedinto the bank. Their faces(21)---- with black masksT. herewascompletesilencein thebankfor a secondT. hen ... 15. a) looked 16. a) realizing 11. a) hadspent IB. a) hadstood b) looking b) realized c) waslooking c) wasrealizing $) rvasspending b) stood d) h a sl o o k e d d) hasrealized c) spent c ) w e r es t l n di ns d) hadbeenspent d) standing 19. a) werewaitittg 20. a) armed 21. a) werecovered b) hadwaited b) werearmed b) covered c) waiting c) armlng c) werecovenng d) waited d) hadarmed d) hadcovered Two junior studentsat collegearetalking at the cafeteria: A : Guesswhathappenedin thechemistryclassthismorning. B : Jackwaslateagainl 281

A : Correct!Halfway throughthe class,therewas a loud knock on the door of the auditorium. Prof. Brown, who had beenlecturingon cell division enthusiasticallys,aid \"Come in\". The dooropenedandJackasked(22)-himin.Prof.BrowngotVeryangryandtold (23)-outsidetilltheclassfinished.However,Jackinsistentlytriedtoexplain thathiscar(24)-downonthewaytothecampuSandapologized (25)-solate.Surprisingly,asympatheticsmileappearedonProf.Brown'sface and sheurged(26)_ in. 22. a) the professorfor letting z). a) thathe mustwait 24. a') broke b) the professorif shewould let b) him thathe hadwaited b) hasbroken c) to let c) him to wait c) wasbreakin-e d) that the professorwould let d) to him thathe shouldwait d) hadbroken 25. a) the professorfor he was 26. a) to him coming b) for being if he came c) to be b) thathe would come d) thathe hadbeen c) him to come d) Forests,which are amongthe Earth'srichestnaturalresourcesa, re essentialfor a variety of life forms. Unfortunately, they are shrinking fast. Various factors like man'sefforts to make fields areknown(27)-theprocesscalleddesertificationquitealongtimeago'Certain meaSureShavealreadybeentaken(28)-Stoporslowdownthisprocess.A|lthe same, unless stricter regulations are introduced by governments, the Earth's forests (29)-completelybytheendofthenextcentury.Therefore'it'sundeniablethatthis v i t a l i s s u e( 3 0 ) _ urgenrly. 27. a) to be starting 28. a) with theaim of b) starting in orderto c) that they started b) for the purposeof d) to havestarted c) in order that d) 29. a) likely to be cleared 3 0 . a) be considered b) mightbe cleared to be considered c) willprobablyclear b) b e i n gc o n s i d e r e d d) couldbeclearing c) to consider d) 10 to wait, but I hopeshehastime to seeme afterher meeting. I don'tmind -(1)- 1. a) askingher b) her asking c) asking d) beingasked 288

There is no doubt that supermarketsare very convenient. To begin with. they are cheap- Productsin local groceryshopscan be twice -(z)-those in big supermarkets.Shoppers also like supermarketsbecausesupermarketssave -(3)- to severaldifferent shops in order to buy different products. It's very quick and easyto drive to the supermarketand pick up everythingyou need. It's not surprising,then, that some shoppersbelieve it is -(4)- making the effort any more to walk round the busy city centrewhen the nearestsupennarketis only a shortdrive away. 2. a) more expensivethan 3. a) them from going 4. a) wasteof time b) asexpensive b) from themgoing b) no pointin c) thepriceof c) them to go c) not worth d) the value of d) them go d) not a good idea It's true that money doesn'talways bring happiness. My friend Jonathan-(5)- whateverhe wanted from his parents. He was lucky becausehe had a rich father and on his eighteenthbirthday he -(6)- a car. He became-(7)- excitedwith his new presentthat he decidedto go out and celebratein a bar. He got drunk and was on his way home in his new car when the police stoppedhirn. Jonathanwas testedfor alcohol and he had -(8)-. That was two years-_(9)-- and now he is still waiting to get his l i c e n c eb a c k . 5. a) usedto getting 6. a) wasgiven 1. a) quite b) usedto get b) gave b) so c) wasusedfor getting c) wasgivento him c) such d) was usedto get d) gaveto him d) too 8. a) taken awaYhis licence 9. a) already b) to take awaYhis licence b) before c) his licencetakenawaY c) after d) takenhis licenceawaY d) ago It can be difficult to choosethe right career,especiallybecausesomepopularjobs are less attractivethan they first appear. For example,-(10)- young peopledreamabouta careerin modelling. However, they rarely understand-(ll)- to be a professional model. Exotic imagesof models in newspapersand magazinesencourage_-(12)- photographsro modellingagenciesin the hope of becomingthe next Cindy Crawford. Only a few are able to find work and they are often surprised by the nature of the work. _(13)_ early in the morning day after day in all kinds of weatheris especiallytiring. Job satisfactionis not guaranteed.It depends-(14)- get on with their colleagues. The rnodellingworld is full of ambitiousand selfish people. In an environmentwhere peopledon'thelp _-(15)-, life canbe tough. The moneyis usuallygood.but it cannot 289

go on forever. Unlessa model hasearnedenoughto retire-_(16)-_ time sheis thirty. she -( I 7)- discoverthat shehasfinancialworries. Somemodelsfind that rhey_-( I B)___ a differentjob for all thoseyearswith usefulqualificationsand experienceat the end of it. 10. a) mostof 1 1 . a) that they like b) a lot b) theywould like c) many c) whatit is like c) hardlyany d) what to like 12. a) their sending I J . a) Getting up b) themro send b) By gettingup c) thatthey send c) When theygetup d) themfor sending d) Ifthey getup 14. a) thattheycan 15 a) by themselves b) theirability to b) by eachother c) whetherthey can c) themselves d) how canthey d) eachother 16. a) for a t7. a) might b) by the must c) after a b) can't d) at the c) would d) I8. a) s h o u l dd o b) c o u l d h a v ed o n e c) n e e d n ' th a v e d o n e d) may be doing The governmentis reported-(19)- permissionfor an extensionto London's Gatwick Airport. This is good newsfor internationatlravellersand people_(20)_ theresinceit will protectjobs. However,it is -(21)- to be popularwith residentsin the surroundin-q area- the governmentplans also includepermissionfor additionalnight flights. A group o1, residents called the 'Keep Gatwick Quiet' organisation has accused the government -(22)- the promises-(23)- while it was trying to win supportfor its election campaign. A spokesmanfor the residentsassociationsaid, \"I am --(24)_furious that the governmenthas lied to us. We can'ttrust the politiciansafter this.\" Gatwick was chosen instead of Stansted.London's third airport. -(25a)_ disadvantageof buildin-srhe extensionat Stanstedis -(25b)- poor transportconnectionsto the centreof London. Work will begin this year and the extensionis expectedto _(26a)_ over threeyears -(26b)-. The constructionprogrammewill -(27)- delays in some evening flights in the first half of next year. 290

19. a) to give 20. a) t h e Yw o r k b) that it gave b) that worked c) to havegiven c) working d) that it had given d) worked 21. a) unlikely 22. a) not keePing b) uncertain b) to keep c) probablynot c) for keeping d) bound d) of not keePing 23. a) to be made 24. a) absolutely b) it made b) fairly c) that havebeenmade c) very d) who madethem d) far 25. a) The ...having 26. a) take...to build b) The ...thatit has b) need... building c) Another ... having c) spend... building d) Another...thatit has d) have...to build 27. a) o r i g i n a t ei n b) be dueto c) leadto d) be causedby ll There _(l)_ many road accidentssince yesterday'sheavy snow. Early last night two motorists _(2)_ seriousinjuries in an accidentinvolving three vehicles. Mr. Ray Amberly from Newden-(3)- alongPyke Road at 90 kph when he -(4)- the van behind his car driven by Mr. JosephBrown, moving out to overtakehim. Mr. Amberly braked slightly in order to -(5)- the driver of the van -(6) but insteadof slowing down, his car skiddedon the slipperysurfaceand crashedinto the van. -(7)-, the van was knocked into a third vehicle,coming from the other direction, driven by Mr. Luke Porter. All threevehicles_(8)_ in the collisionand the drivers-(9)- be takento hospital. The police believethat the crashmight -(10)- if the drivers -(11)- morecareful. 1. a) are 2. a) were suffering 3. a) travelled b) were b) hadsuffered b) wastravelling c) havebeen c) were suffered c) hastravelled d) had been d) suffered d) had travelled 4. a) hadnoticed 5. a) make 6. a) pass b) hasnoticed b) get b) passed c) wasnoticing c) let c) passing d) noticed d) have d) to pass 291

7. a) As a result 8. a) haddamaged 9. a) could b) However b) havedamaged b) might c) Although c) weredamaged c) had to d) On thecontrary d) damaged d) should 10. a) havehappened I l. a) were b) not havehappened b) would be c) not happen c) havebeen d) happen d) had been A large British fishing boat, the Red Herring, sank yesterdaymorning after hitting rocks off the southcoastof England. Six of the boat'screw members_( 12)_ swim ashoreanclget help. The authoritieshad a lifeboatteam-(13)- out to searchfor the rest of the crew. When the lifeboat crew returnedto shoreafter rescuingfive survivors, they _(14)_ the authoritiesthat therewere still threemissingcrew members. The survivorsof the shipwreck -(15)- to hospitalin Southamptonw, herethey-(16)- from the accidenr.Air and searescueteamsarecontinuingto searchfor the missingcrew members. 12. a) needed 13. a) sending 14. a) asked b) could b) send b) rold c) wereableto c) was sent c) advised d) would haveto d) sent d) said 15. a) havetaken 16. a.) arebeingrecovered b) had beentaken b) recovered c) had taken c) arerecovering d) havebeentaken d) were recovered The seasall over the world are in danger. They -(17)- with poison:industrial and nuclearwaste,chemicalfertilisersand pesticides.The Mediterraneanis alreadynearly dead; the North Sea is following. If nothing _(18)_ about it, one day soon norhing _(19)_ livein theseas. 17. a) fill 18. a) h a d b e e nd o n e 19. a) would be ableto b) arefilled b) is done b) was ablero c) filled c) weredone c) would havebeenablero d) arefilling d) will be done d) will be ableto Peteraskedhis grandmother-(20)-. She answeredthat shefelt very dizzy becauseshe had forgottento take her pills that morning. She askedhim _(21)_ the pills from rhe kitchen. Moreover,shepersuadedhim _(22)_ his parentsaboutit. ?0. a) how wasshe 21. a) to ger 22. a) rell b) how shewas b) ger b) ro tell c) how had shebeen c) getting c) not to tell d) how shehadbeen d) got d) not tell 'rq)

A judge ordered a 65-year-oldwoman _(23)_ f4,000 damagesto a burglar who -(24)- to break into her house. As soon as Mrs. Lewis heardthe noises,picking up her gun, shewent downstairswhereshe_(25)_ MichaelPhillipsin thehall with a bag full of electricalequipmentand shot him. Fortunately,Phillips sufferedonly minor wounds to his legs. If he had beenseriouslywounded,he _(26)_ in hospitalnow. In the trial, the judge explained that although Mrs. Lewis was defending her own property, she _(21)_ Phillips. LJ a) pay a A a) hastried 25 a) found b) thatshehadto pay b) hasbeentrying b) hadfound c) paying c) hadtried c) wasfound d) to pay d) would try d) had beenfound 26. a) wouldn'tbe 2 7 . a) shouldn'tshoot b) shouldn'thaveshot b) would havebeen c) shouldn'bt e shot c) wouldn'thavebeen d) shouldn'thavebeenshot d) would be t2 Ben Johnson,the Canadiansprinter,won and lost the 100 metresfinal in 1988 Olympics in Seoul in 24 hours. _(l)_ the testsdone after the race showed that he had taken a prohibiteddrug beforethe race. This _(2)_ in his losing his title and the gold medal. _(3)_ people believe that athletesshouldn't take drugs becausethese drugs improve performanceunfairly. Some people said that Johnson_(4)_ have taken drugs because he was an excellentathleteanyway and _(5)_ the race without them. Johnsonwas bannedfrom competingfor threeyears. Peoplewho thought that he was _(6)_ to take drugs alsothoughtthat this ban was-(7)- and that it would be betterif theseathletes were bannedfrom competingfor life. 1. a) Most 2. a) originated 3. a) Hardlyany b) None of b) wasoneresult b) Many c) Very few c) resulted c) Almost no d) All d) led d) Most of 4. a) wasboundto 5. a) shouldn'thavewon 6. a) wrong b) might b) couldhavewon b) no right c) wasn'texpectedto c ) s h o u l db e w i n n i n g c) his own fault d) needn't d) musthavewon d) not to blamefor 7. a) shortenough b) too short c) shorterthan d) not asshortas I like dogsvery much,but I lead-(8)- a busy life that I don'tthink I could sparethe time to look after one, so I have a cat. Cats are _(9)_ to keep becausethey don't demand 293

constantattention. If I -(10a)- a dog,I -(10b)_ worried becauseI couldn'tget home _(ll)_ to take it out for a walk. Dogs are believed_(12)_ good companions,but I think that it all dependson _(13)_ sort of companionyou want, one that keepsyou on the go all the time or one that helpsyou to relax. Somedoctorsclaim that it is _(14)_ to keep a cat if you sufferfrom stressbecauseit enables_(15)_ rid of all your tension. 8. a) so 9. a) mucheasier 10. a) had had...wouldhavebeen b) quite b) easiest b) d i d n ' th a v e . . . w o u l d nb'et c) such c) easierthan c) h a d . . . w o u l db e d) extremely d) moreeasily d) d o n ' t . . . w i lbl e 11. a) on time 12. a) to havebeen 13. a) what b) at the time b) they are b) whether c) for a time c) to be c) d) in time d) being d) that 14. a) worth 15. a) youto get b) no pointin b) to get you c) a goodidea c) you from getting d) wasteof time d) getting you Kilroy's secondday in the army was not much betterthan his first. Once again,the officers madethe recruitsstandin the sun for severalhours. They had no idea _(16)_ it. They were allowedneitherto talk _(17)_ nor to sit down. Next, they were forced to run six miles in the hot sun, which was twice _(18)_ the distancethey had run the previousday. This, of course,was hard work for the recruitswho _(19)_ to doing physicalexercise. Moreover,_(20)_ who couldn'trun fast wererequiredto run an extramile aspunrshment. Then, they were orderedto go to the medicalbuilding, where they had _(21)_ In the afternoon,they were told to do lots of other trivial and tiring things. When, at last.they were allowed to return to their barracks,Kilroy, who hated_(22)_ what to do, was sorry that he_(23)_ tojoin thearmy. 16. a) why they had to do 11. a) oneother 18. a) morethan b) why did they do b) by themselves b) asmuch as c) how long do theyhaveto do c) themselves c) longerthan d) how long they havebeendoing d) to eachother d) lengthof 19. a) w e r e n ' tu s e d 20. a) ones b) wereused b) the one c) didn'tuse c) someof d) u s e dt o d) the ones 21. a) measuredtheir blood pressure b) rememberedmeasuringtheir blood pressure c) their blood pressuremeasured d) their blood pressureshouldbe measured 294