Practise_Your_Grammar_With_Answer_Key

8.3CONDITIONALS WITH UNLESS 1. you losepoints,you will win 2 you leaveat once,I will call the police 3. they destroythe bomb, it will explode 4. Shewon't be allowedto enterthe country...shegetsa visa 5. I can'treadthe subtitles...wI earmy glasses 6. shehasa library ticket,shecannotborrow a book 1. you go home early,your mother will get angry/yougo home late, your mother won't get angry 8. Mark apologizesI, won't forgive him 9. help (me),I won't be ableto/cannotsolve 10. Bob won't passthe driving test...hepractisesregularly I 1. can't/ won't be ableto catchtheschoolbus...weleavenow 72. can'treturnthis product...youbring the receipt 8.4 POSSIBILITY WITH IN CASE A. 8. if l. in case f . if 2. in case 10. in case 3. if 11. in case 4. if 12. in case 5. in case 13. in case 6. in case 7. if B. l. Don'tmovehim in casehis leg is broken Don't move him in casehe hasa brokenleg 2. Buy somecandlesin casethereis an electricitycut 3. Take somecashwith you in casesomeshopsdo not acceptcreditcards 4. I am going to insurethe video camerain caseit getsstolen 5. I remindedhim aboutthe invitationin casehe forgot to sendit 6. Drive carefullyin casetherpadis icy i. Don'tforgetto I lock all the doorsand windows in casethereare You should(rememberto) | burglarsin the neighbourhood You shouldn'tforget to I 8. I will preparesomelemonadein casewe get thirsty 9. I'll give you my phonenumberin caseyou needto contactme 10. Arrange health insurancebeforeyou startworking abroadin caseyou need medical treatment 1l. Susanshouldtype the letternow in caseshedoesn'thaveenoughtime lateron 12. You shouldhavea sparetyre in caseyou haveapuncture 13. I havephonedthe wake-upservicein casemy alarmclock doesn'tgo off 8.5 CONDITIONALS WITH PROVIDED AND AS LONG AS 1. You cantakeout this book provided(that)you fill out a form 2. Shewon't haveto repeatthe courseaslong as shestudiesregularly 3. I will be ableto get thereon time provided(that)you give me a lift 4. Inflation rate will decreaseprovided (thaQ the government takes appropriate measures 5. Your parentswill forgive you providing (that)you apologizefor what you havedone 345

6. You will beallowedin aslongasyouareregistered 1. borrowmy laptopaslongasyou(promiseto)useit carefully 8. Theywill takethejumperbackasrongasyoushowthemthereceipt 9\" Youcan(only)improveyourtechniquaesa violinistprovide(dthai)youattenda master,cslass 10. You cantakethesepillsproviding(that)youdon'tdrinkalcohol 8.6TYPE 2 A. 2I . it,wasn'/t yeren'trainingw, e could/ wouldbeableto havethepartyin thegarden I l w e r eI a r r a v eal g e n r I lcould owt eIrewI ohrekirne(gaatttahtermavoemal egnetn)h,te'scoI 3. he )\" t lwoul dre c e i v ef r e ea i rt i c ke t s I dhelpus l*url ul 4. I had his phonenumber,I would be ableto / could call him 5. I knew Sally well enough,I would invite her to dinner 6. he earnedmore/enoughmoney,he would takea longerholiday 1. shewere/ was in our class,I would know her name 8. I didn't haveto cleanmy room, I could go out with you 9. I liked him, I would invitehim to my party 10. you spokeEnglish,they would interviewyou for thejob 11. I didn't haveto work at the weekend,I could/ would be ableto go on the excursion B. 1 wereyou,I wouldn'topen a wereyou, I'd askhim for a promotion L. wereyou,I'd book a room A wereyou, I'd take notesduring the lectures T. wereyou,I'd keepthemilk in therefrigerator 6 . were you. I'd attendthe classesregularly 1 wereyou, I wouldn't go out with sucha rudeman C. II. I. 1 . w o u l dj o i n . . .d i d n ' th a v e 2. were...wouldask t . wasnot / werenot...wouldbook 3. leave 2 . hated...woulldook for 3 . would/ couldhelp...weren/'twasn't 4. miss...will give 4 . had...would/ couldstarr 5. 'll be 5 . would accept...wa/swereoffered 8.7TYPE 3 A. 1. Johndidn't study./Hefailedhis exams. 2. The car had a puncture./We missedthe train. 3. The dresswas cheap./Janbeoughtit. 4. I didn't know you werecoming./Ididn't tidy theliving room. 5. Rosesawthe dentist./Shehad a hole in her tooth. 346

B. 1. he hadn'twokenup late,he wouldn'thavemissed he hadwoken up on time,he wouldn'thavemissed 2. we hadn't beenlateto the meeting/wehad cometo the meetingearly/ontime, the chairman wouldn't havegoVgottenangrywith us 3. you hadn'tgot(ten)the highestscorein the exam,they wouldn't havegiven you thejob 4. I hadn't lost the car keys,I wouldn't havebeenso nervous 5. wouldn't havecrashedinto a car if he had seenthe red lights 6. wouldn't havemadea lot of / so manymistakesif he hadn't worked too fast 1. Peterhadn't come homelate,his wife wouldn't havegot (ten) angrywith him 8. If Carol had beencareful.shewouldn'thavetrippedover a stone C. l\" hadbeen...wouldnh'tavesunk 2. wouldlcouldhavesurvived...hadbeen 3. hadbeenableto...wouldn'ht avedrowned 4. hadn'tbeen...wouldhavedied 8.8MIXED CONDITIONALS l. the studentshadn't attendedall the classesand worked hard. their Enelish wouldn't begoodnow 2. he hadn'tbeengivena car by his parentslastmonth,he couldn't/ wouldn't be ableto go to schoolby car 3. Atatiirk hadn't fought against he enemiesand foundedthe Turkish Republic wouldn't be ableto I live in a democratic ountry couldn't 4. he hadn't drunk too much at the party and driven home,he wouldn't be in hospital now 5. the villagershad used somefertilizersto enrich the soil, they would have a good harvest 6\" Jessiehadn't refusedJack'spropasal,shewouldn't be singlenow 7. he hadn't lost the opportunityof doing his Master'sdegreeabroad,he wouldn't have difficulty in finding a goodjob 8. I had chosenthe professionI wanted,I would be happy 9. she hadn't neglectedto study regularly,she wouldn't be having a hard time these days 10. If you hadsetthe alarmclock lastnight,I wouldn't be lateto school. 8.9 WISHES A. t. I couldgo to thediscotonight 2. I could seehim more often 3. I didn't live in a suburbof Ankara/ I lived in the centreof Ankara 4. Mary/shewas/werehere 5. my husband/heknew how to dance 6. my parents/theywere here 7. you could cometo our 25tl'anniversary 8. I waslwerelisteningto the news 9. shedidn't haveany freckleson her face 10. he didn'tmakesomanymistakes I l. you had waitedfor me yesterdaymorning 317

12. my brother/hehad taken me to the cinema at the weekend 13. shehadtold me the rruth 14. I hadwokenup earlytoday 15. my father/hehadn't sold his car 16. my upstairsneighbours/thewy ould stopmakingnoise/ they weren't making noise 17. my brother/hewouldn't whistleall the time 18. I couldstopsmoking 19. somebodywould answerthe phone 20. my elderbrother/heweren't/wasn'tso untidy B. c. l. wouldarrive l. a 2. wouldn'tsmoke 2. a 3. hadn'tbought 3. c 4. hadapologized 4. c 5. couldlwouldcome 5. c 6. had written 7. were...weren'dt aydreaming 8. paid 9. wouldn'ttalk 8.10REVIEW OF CONDITIONALS A. l. it isn't cheap,I won't buy it 2. I had a red sportscar./I could afford/buy a red sportscar 3. I knew many/more/alot of peoplehere 4. you don't finish your homework,I won't takeyou to the cinema 5. you clearthe tableaway,I won't let you go out 6. her numberwas/ werein thephonebook, I could/ would be ableto phoneher 7. hadn'tmissedthebus,shewould be in class 8. you had phonedher lastnight,shewouldn't be upsetwith you 9. you had told me the truth (yesterday),I wouldn't be angry with you 10. you won thelotteryon theNew Year'sEve,what would you do 1l. to find my keys,could you let me know 12. asif / asthoughsheis angry 13. you hadn't left the window open,the room wouldn't be cold 14. I hadgoneto bedlatelastnight,I would be tiredtoday 15. Tom hadn'teatentoo much lastnight,he wouldn'tfeel sick 16. I hadn't brokenhis heartlastnight 17. you pay the ransomwithout informing thepolice,the kidnapperswon't kill the hostage B. u. ilI. I. 1. providedthat I . unless 2. unless 2. unless l. in case 3. in case 3. aslong as 2. unless 4. unless 4. aslons as 3. soasto 5. Supposing 4. Otherwise 6. in case 5. Suppose 7. providedthat 348

C. 5. a D. l\" c 6. a 1. were 2. c 7. d 2. wouldn'tbe 3. a 8. c 3. will / may / might haveto look for 4. b 4. hadhad...wouldnb'te 5. isput 9.NOUN CLAUSES 9.1REPORTED SPEECH A. 1. Mr. Barnaby (that)he would haveto pay 2. (that)Mrs. Meadowshadn'tleft 3. her mother (that) they had had to take 4. (that) they were having their houseredecorated 5. Frank/ him (that)he would haveto get a visafor his daughter 6. his secretary(that)he hadn'tchangedhis mind 7. his mother(that)he didn'twant to help her with the housework 8. (that) he hadn'thad enoughtime to take the book back to the library 9. John (that)shewould post the lettersfor him 10. me not to makethe samemistakeagain I 1. me to havedinner(together) 12. me to tell them the truth 13. shehad left her umbrellatherethatmorning 14. they didn't want a recentgraduate 15. hehaddrunkallhis milk 16. that she/hiswife never rememberedto take a map when they set off 17. her (that)he would call her assoonashe arrivedhome 18. Mary (that)he wouldn'tforgive her 19. (that)shewould finish typing the lettersin l0 minutes 20. Jacknot to usethe office phonefor his personalcalls 21. Paul/ him to buy somebread 22. not to takethejob. / that she(shouldn't)takethejob 23. not to leavethe lights on 24. notto forgetthemeeting 25. to his birthdayparty 26. not to be stupid 27. to stop smoking I that he should stop smoking 28. to call thepolice 29. to cook themeal B.I. 1. admittedthat he had setthe houseon fire admittedsetting/ having setthe houseon fire 2. suggested(our / us) going to the new Italian Restaurant suggestedthat we (should) go to the new Italian Restaurant suggestedthat we went to the new Italian Restaurant 3. promisedher (mother)that shewould (definitely)help her with the housework promisedto help her motherwith the housework promisedher mother to help her with the housework promisedthat shewould help her motherwith the housework 4. congratulatedFrank on havingpassed/ passinghis driving test 349

il. 1. apologisedfor not returning/ havingreturned 2. discouragedme from applying 3. congratulatedme on III. f . invitedLinda ro havedinnerwith him invitedLinda to / for dinner 2. admittedthat he had beennervousbefore the performance adminedhaving beenI being nervousbefore the performance 3. remindedMary to bring the doctor'sreportthe next day / the following clay/ tomorrow 4. promisedthe childrenthat he would takethem to the park on Saturday promisedthat he would takethe childrento the park on Saturday promisedto takethe childrento thepark on Saturday IV. 1. forbadethe reportersto takepicturesof the paintings 2. askedMr. Dove to dictate(more)slowly 3. accusedLiz of breakingthe vase 4. suggestedthat his parents/ bought(should)buy rheirticketsin advance V. 5. suggested 1. told 6. warned 2. asked 7. reminded 3. explained 4. advised vI. 1. He admittedthat he didn't haveenough(money)to pay the bill 2. He suggestedmeeting I that they met / should meet in his flat tomorrow / the next (following) day 3. He askedif I had everbeento Britain 4. He complainedthat their sonneverdid his HW 5. He introducedMiss Brown to Miss White 6. He told us/themto readthe questionstwice and not to write in the margin 1. He apologisedfor not bringingthe book with him 8. He promisedto pay me backthe following week 9. He refusedthe ice-cream 10. He offeredto havelunchwith him thatday 11. He explainedhis difficulty 12. He greetedMary 13. He acceptedthepresent 14. He interruptedGeorge C. 1. if / whethersheknew how to type 2. how long Janetwas going to staywith him. 3. if / whetherhis brotherknew her (or not). 4. if / whetherI had finishedmy rerm-paperon time (or not). 5. if / whetherhis sisterwas in her brothers. 6. which airlinecompanywe weregoing to fly 350

7. if / whetherhe had beenbrought 8. how often his sistertook him to the cinema. 9. (me,him, her,etc.)if / whetherJanehad boughta presentfor the childrenyet. 10. whereshecould buy 11. how old he was 12. whether/ if he (really)spokeArabic and Japanese(or not) 13. if / whetherI wentjogging at the weekends(or not) 14. if / whethershewould / was going to be at homethis / that weekend 15. JillaskedBarbaraif/whethershewasgoingtowearherwhitedresstotheparty 16. The intervieweraskedMrs. Jacksonhow long shehad worked for IBM. 17. Alex askedJanetif / whethershewas leavingfor Paris the next day/ the following dayI tomorrow(or not) 18. how muchhe hasto pay D. 1. My brotheris hiding 2. I havealreadyhad lunch 3. Whenwill I find ajob 4. I am goingto visit my friendsin Italy in the summer 5. I havealreadyphoned 6. we arewaiting 1. we will leave 8. thedriverlefi 9. he reported 10. Don't be discouragedI,'11help you with your studies/I promiseto help you with your studies/I promise(that)I'll help you with your studies 11. I'm leavingfor lstanbulthis afternoon 12. I will notlwon'tbehomeat five o'clock 13\" I and my wife haveneverbeenabroad g.2INDIRECT QUESTIONS A. l. iflwhetherthey havehad 2. Do you haveany ideawhere/ Do you know where/ Do you rememberwhere 3. wherethey/ your keys/ the keys are 4. whereI put / haveput 5. how 6. will be ableto see 7. whether/ if this bus goesto Manhattan 8 if / whetherhe'll comeback home 9. whetherI if shehad 10. if it will be snowvtodaY B. 2.a 3. c 4.b 5.d 35r

9.3NOUN CLAUSES BEGINNING WITH QUESTION WORDS A. 1. What thechildrenlove is building snowmen 2. What bothersme is the mosquitos 3. What surprisesme is his strangeattitude 4. What I haveto make is a plan 5. What worriesme is his seriousdisease 6. What I like is spaghetti B. 1. whereSallywent 2. when your parentsare arriving at the airport 3. which traintheytook to New York 4. whosesharestheseare 5. whattheysaid 6. who the owner of the houseis 7. how many peopletherewere at the meeting 8. how old the studentsstartschoolin your country 9. how far it is from Edirne to Kars 10. why peopleneedto tell lies 9.4NOUN CLAUSES WITH THAT A. 1. aware of the fact that there was very little petrol in the car, so on the way to Kansasthe car suddenlystopped 2. Bill told a lie mademe angry 3. the fact that shelackedthe necessaryqualifications,shewasn't acceptedfor thejob. 4. he madethe samemistaketwice is unforgivable 5. they accusedus of committinga crime surprisedus 6. he doesn'tknow mannersis obvious 7. waterboils at 100'C is a fact 8. is apparenthat Mary hasn'tbeenableto makereliablefriends 9. pollution diminishesthe quality of our lives is a fact hard to deny speak 10. first visited Antalya, I was surprisedby the fact that many people living there Germanquite well I l. shelied aboutit is what botherseverybody 12. Tim tore my grandmother'santiquetablecloth isn't very important 13. impressedby the fact that that automobile has the best brake system of any car manufacturedthis year and would definitely recommendthat everybody buy that make 14. we can do about the fact that Janelost our tickets to the cinema 15. seemssurprisedto discoverthat it rarelyrainsin Antalya 16. laterunderstoodwhy shehadn't calledon them 17. a) that shedidn't even apologizefor her late arrival made me really angry b) mademe really angrywas the fact that shedidn't evenapologisefor her late arrival 18. a) was thejudge's view that the child shouldbe sentto live with her grandparents b) was that the child shouldbe sentto live with her grandparents 19. a) just don't understandhow he managesto broaden his students' horizons in every respect b) he managesto broadenhis student'shorizons in every respectis somethrngI don't understand 20. a) is my opinion that childrennowadaysspenda lot of moneyon junk food b) is that childrennowadaysspenda lot of moneyon junk food 352

21. a) obviousto her teachersthat the studentwas destinedfor a brilliant career b) the studentwas destinedfor a brilliant careerwas obviousto her teachers 22. deplorethe fact that old-agepensionsarequite low at every occasion 23. she knows how to deal with such difficult situationsindicates that she is quite experienced 24. reilly angered the teacher was the fact that he didn't even apologise for his rude behaviour 25. a) the parents'point of view that the child should be sentto a private schoolto get a goodeducation U; polnt of view was that the child should be sentto a private school to get a -qood education 26. saysin public doesn't coincidewith what he does B. l. I am surprisedthat you think my brotheris a dull personto get marriedto Z. The fact that you haveacceptedhis proposalmeansthat you will have to settledown in a foreigncountry 3. I refusedto believethat he had told me the dateof his arrival 4. She insistedthat I (should)check again to seethat the plane arrived at midnight despitethe fact that I had alreadyassuredher that it did 5. Beforebuying that dress,you shouldmakesurethat it is the right size 6. The fact that one is ignorantof the rulesis not an acceptableexcuse 9.5 USING _EVER WORDS 1. Whoeverdirectedthis film is not good 2. He is 18 now so he cango whereverhe likes 3. Whateveris in thatbox is makinga very funny noise 4. Peoplealwayswant more,howeverrich they are 5. Howeveryou travel,it'll takeyou at leastthreehours 6. There are 2 different computerprogrammesand you can use whichever you want to writeyourreport 7. Whateverproblemsyou have, you can alwayscometo me for advice 8. Whoeverphonedjust now was very polite 9. WheneverI seeyou, I feel nervous 10. Whateveryou do, I'll love You 9.6USING THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN NOUN CLAUSES 1. know 5. be controlled... eliminated 8. bepermitted 9' beallowed 2. take 6. be 10' studY 3. be named 7. return 4. bepostponed 10.ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 10.1NON-DEFINING A. 1. I live on Main Street,which is the noisieststreetin this neighbourhood. Z. The Edinburgh Zoo, which is 5 km west of the city centre, has Scotland's biggest collectionon animals/ The EdinburghZoo, which has Scotland'sbiggestcollectionof animals,is 5 km west of the city centre 3. Alice, who is the most successfubl usinesswomanin town, is the owner of a food company / Alice, who is the owner of a food company,is the most successfulbusinesswomanin town 3s3

4. , whose father is also an athlete,rankedfirst in the race 5. , who I boughtthis watchfor, is my bestfriend 6. , who prescribedmedicinefor my sorethroat,works for the city hospital/. who works for the city hospital,prescribedmedicinefor my sorethroat 1. , who I havebeensharinga flat with for two years 8. , which I had spenthundredsof dollarson, crashedinto a treeduring its first flight f . is much saferthanNew York. whosecrimerateis climbing fast 10. , where thousandsof touristsspendtheir vacationseachsummer,is a holiday resort/ is a holidayresort,wherethousandsof touristsspendtheir vacationseachsummer 11. His grandfathercanrememberhis youth, when therewere no televisionsor computers 12. We like going to the mountainsin winter, when thereis a lot of snow 13. My parentscelebratetheir weddinganniversaryin June,when they got married 14. , whosedeathis still a mystery,hasneverlost her popularity 15. Touristslike Turke!, wherethereis plenty of sunshine 16. You'll enjoy yourselfin London, wheretherearelots of interestingplaces 17. , whosenovelsaresold all over the world, usedto be my high schoolfriend 18. will be at the studentcentre,wherethereis a swimmingpool B. S u g g e s t e dp a r a g r a p h PabloPicassow, ho was born in Barcelonain 1881.was a greatSpanishartist./ PabloPtcasso was a greatSpanishartist,who wasborn in Barcelonain 1881.In the be-einningh.is work was influencedby other artists.Then he developedhis own style of painting. which consistedof picturesof thepoor in variousshadesof blue.In the following years,Picassowas influencedby the ideasof C6zanne,whose techniquewas considerablydifferent from his. After World War II, he moved to the southof France,where he createdmany paintingsand sculpturesuntil hrs deathin 1973. C. l. who(m) we haveknown sincewe first met on an excursionin Paris 2. which was quite closeto the city centre 3. when therewere a lot of touristsin the city 4. where/ in which therewere no bathrooms 5. which was extremelydistasteful 10.2DEFINING 5. a J. c A. 1. d 2.b6.d 3. c 4.b B. 1. AlexanderBell was the man who inventedthe telephone 2. Marilyn Monroe was the actresswho starredin 'GentlemenPreferBlondes' 3. RoaldAmudsenwas the explorerwho first reachedAntarctica 4. Yuri Gagarin was the astronautwho madethe first spaceflight 5. Indira Gandhiwas thepoliticianwho becameIndia's first woman prime minister 6. AlexanderFlemingwas the man who discoveredpenicillin 7. A thermometeris somethingthat / which measurestemperature 8. A microscopeis somethingthat/ which makessmallthingslook big 9. A telescopeis something thatI which helpsyou seedistantobjectsnearer 354

10. A speedometeirs somethingthat/ which measuresspeed 1I . A radiator is something thatI which heatsrooms 12. A compassis something thatI which showswhereNorth is I 3. A camerais something thatI which takespictures 14. A calenderis something thatI which shows what the dateis C. 1. Jim haschosenthe topic which / thatI wantedfor my researchpaper Z. Can you recommenda car which / that canbe usefulin this mountainousarea 3. The ieport which / that shegaveat the meetingcauseda greatdeal of discussion 4. we stoppedour car at a placewherewe could seethe coming carswell 5. Fruitjuice which / thathasartificialcolour and sweeteneirs dangerousfor children 6. Did you enjoythemoviewhich I thatl hadrecommended 1. Over thereis the woman whosehusbandyou met yesterday g. Do you know the man who i that thejury gavethe first prize to g. The tie which / thatI boughtlastweekwasa horriblecolour 10. The peoplewhosehousewe went to were very nice 11. The book whereI found thatquestionis missingfiom the library 12. I didn't haveany knowledgeof computersuntil I took the new coursewhich / that the departmentoffered this term 13. The womanwhosesonyou met is my teacher 14. Coachesalwayslook for playerswho / that shouldbe strongand fast 15. Do you know the girl who / thatI gavemy booksto earlier 16. The gradewhich / thatI receivedin my reportpleasedme 17. The town wherewe spentour honeymoonwas reallybeautiful 18. This is a well-built truck which / that will saveyou money 19. The professorwhosecourseI'm takinggiveshard tests 20. The agencywherewe boughtour ticketshasgonebankrupt 2l . That man who / that I complainedto aboutthe food is the manager/ That man is the managerwho / that I complainedto aboutthe food 22. Ihelped the peoplewhosecar had broken down 23\" Thereis a shopnearbywhereyou canbuy postcards 24. Shetook me to the shopwhereshebuys her clothes 25. Bill met his fianc6in the pub wherestudentsoften go 26. We havea neighbourwhosedog barksall day 21. The man whosecar my father wantedto buy was on holiday 28. Do you know a gooddiscowherewe cango duringthe weekend 29. They'll meetus at the restauranwt hich / that is acrossthe streetfrom the library 30. I want to introduceyou to a famouswriter whoselastbook was a bestseller D. 2 . A consumeirs a personwho / thatbuysor usesany serviceor product 3 . A hospitalis a placewhereill peoplearelooked afterby nursesand doctors 4 . A paringknife is a tool which / that you peel vegetableswith 5 . A hammeris a tool which / that you I usefor fixing nails fix nailswith E. l . which / thatthe doctor gaveher 2 . who / that was allergicto foods and chemicals shetalked to had the sameproblems 355

3- The specialistwho / that she went to found out that she was allergic to things she ate. breathedand touched 4- Sheavoidsmany thingslike cigarettesmokeand chemicalsin food which / thar makeher ill 5. Shesharesher housewith somefriendswho / that understandher problem and trv to helo her 6. Becausethejobs which / thatinteresther a lot arein London 10.3OMISSION 1. The soupI hadfor lunchwastoo salty 2. The waitresswho / that servedus dinnerwas friendly 3. I havea classwhich / that beginsat 8 a.m. 4. I don't know themanwho / thatis talkingto Mary 5. My daughteraskedme a questionI couldn't answer 6. The peopleAnn is visitingnow live on Elm Street 7. All of the people I askedcan come to my party 8. The studentswho / that cameto classlatemissedthe quiz 9. I know a man who / that doesn'thaveto work for a living 10. I didn't know any of the peopleJohninvited to his party I 1. A lion is an animalwhich / thatlivesin Africa 12. The market I usually go to hasfresh vegetables 13. Where canI catchthe bus which / that goesdowntown 14. I had a good time on the trip I took to GlacierNationalpark 15. The notesI borrowedfrom you helpedme a lot 16. The personwho / that is sitting at that desk should help you with your problem / The personwho / that shouldhelp you with your problemis sittingat that desk 17. The planeI'm takingto Denverleavesat7 p.m. 18. Shelost the pen sheborrowedfrom me 19. Here'sthe brochurewhich / thatgivesinformationaboutholiday resorts 20. The police arrestedthe girl I usedto work in the sameoffice with yesterday 10.4REDUCTION 1. , the headof the ophthalmologydepartmento, peratedon my mother'seye 2. , one of the most importantuniversitiesin Turkey, was founded in 1956 / , foundeclin 1956,is one of the most importantuniversitiesin Turkey 3. arestandingon the bridgeconnectingthe two continents 4. carriedout on EskiqehirRoadmay causetrafficjams 5. usedin the bank robberyhasbeenfound 6. surroundingthe palaceis full of tropicaltrees/ full of tropicaltrees,surroundsthe palace 7. exhibited in the Louvre really attractedthe attentionof the public 8. livesin a flat lookingout on a square 9. driving the lorry hasjust passedhis driving test 10. city of Turkey, known for centuriesfor its history,has alwaysbeenthe centreof Anatoliancivilizations 11. moulded into shape when heated,is an artificial substanceI , an artificial substancei,s mouldedinto shapewhen heated 12. , valued throughoutthe world, are made by hand over a long period of time / , madeby handover a long period of time, arevaluedthroughoutthe world 13. beingpunishedareall boys 14. fond of peopleboastingall the time 15. havesomegeographicaflormationsrangingfrom soft hills to jaggedcliffs J)f)

10.sUSING EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY 1. He boughthis daughtefsomebooks,most of which were aboutgardening 2. of the peoplewho takeour languagecoursearesuccessful 3. the peoplewho appliedfor thejob werequalified 4. grammaticalcontrastsbetweenEnglish and Arabic, the most noticeableof which is in word order 5. wrote a lot of books,two of which areOliver Twist and the Tale of Two Cities 6. studentsm, any of whom play basketballa. revery energetic 1. hastwo pairsof jeans,both of which needcleaning 8. , someof whom were studentsp. rotestedthe war 9\" hasjust inheriteda lot of money,a linle of which will go to the orphanage 10. we went to the villageto visit my friend's family, all of whom welcomedus 10.6NOUN+OF WHICH 1. I haveboughta camera,the flashof which is portable 2. In the bedroom,thereis a wardrobe,the doorsof which slide 3. He hasa bicycle,the wheelsof which arecolorful 4. The instructorhas assignedstudentsa paper.the aim of which is to seethe levelsof the students 5. She is smoking a cigarette,the smoke of which disturbsthe other passengersin the compartment 10.7PRONOUNS USED AS THE OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITIONS I. 1. The restauranto which we went yesterdaywas spacious 2. I'll neverforget the day on which you proposedto me 3. This is the safein which they keeptheirjewellery 4. I met the man from whom I receiveda letterthe otherday II. (Part A) 5. , for whom I boughtthis watch,is my bestfriend 7. , with whom I've beensharinga flat for two years 8. , on which I had spenthundredsof dollars,crashedinto a treeduring its first flight 10. , in which thousandsof touristsspendtheir vacationsis a holiday resort/ is a holiday resort,in which thousandsof touristsspendtheir vacations 15. Touristslike Turkey, in which there'splenty of sunshine 16. You'llenjoyyourselfinLondoninwhichtherearelotsofinterestin-eplaces 18. will be at the studentcentre.in which thereis a swimmingpool (Part F) 8. Do you know the man to whom thejury gavethe first prize 1l. The book in which I found thatquestionis missingfrom the library 15. Do you know the girl to whom I gavemy booksearlier 17. The town in which we spentour honeymoonwas really beautiful 20. The agencyfrom which we boughtour ticketshasgonebankrupt 21. That man is the managerto whom I complainedaboutthe food 23. Thereis a shopnearbyfrom which you canbuy postcards 24. Shetook me to the shopfrom which shebuysher clothes 25. Bill met his fianc6in the pub to which studentsoften go 28. Do you know a gooddiscoto which we cango duringthe weekend 35'7

10.8REVIEW OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSES A. 1. whosenamecomesfrom a smallvillagein Greece 2. where there was a war betweenthe Greeksand the Persians 3. who doesn'tearnany moneyfrom sports 4. which usuallycosta lot B. 1. StarTrek, which is a popularTV serialmadein the 1960's,is aboutthe adventuresof a spaceship and its crew 2. The University of California conducteda study that tested22 smells like vanillin and vinegaron volunteersfrom differentcountries 3. Every summer,hundredsof studentstry to find job opportunities,most of which are seasonawl ork usuallyconnectedwith tourismand agriculture 4. My eldestsister,whoseability to play the piano is unbelievablew, ill be performingat the presidentiapl alacenext Saturday 5. The hotelwherewe wantedto staywas fully booked 6. The biggestrestauranitn the town, which we often go to, is nearthe seaside 1. Nigel Kennedy is one of the few classicalmusicianswho interpretVivaldi's 'Four Seasons'w, hich hassold more than250.000copies,successfully 8. Alexandria,which is the secondlargestcit)' in Eg)'pt,was built by Alexanderthe Great on the site of an old fishing village,which had a small harbourthat was shelteredby the islandof Pharos 9. The classroomwe hold our lessonsin is very cold and dark 10. Rice,which we usuall.vservewith meat,is an importantfood in my country 1l. Johntravelledtwenty milesto visit his sister,which was thoughtfulof him 12. The studentsthe administrationhave chosenfor the quiz show are excusedfiom classes today C. l. I metat thepartylastnightwasa 2. whosehousehad beenvandalisedwas takento hospital 3. we had to write was completedin threehours 4. I lentyou waswrittenby a friendof mine 5. which / that can be washedin the dishwasher 6. Picassocreateda lot of paintings,which art criticshighly valuetoday 7. Mr. Bailey hired yesterdaycan type 70 wordsper minute 8. readthe book their teacherhadrecommended 9. five yearsin the schoolwherethereusedto be only girls 10. paintingson exhibitionat the Louvre Museum,someof which areworth millions of dollars 1l. for whom the governmentconstructedhouseswere thankful 12. arefull of plankton,most of which areconsumedby fish 13. dealingwith differenttypesof friendshipis really interesting 14. whosesisterworked in the bakerygaveme piano lessons 15. the peoplewho cameto the interviewgot thejob 16. her a gold chestthe top of which is coveredwith diamonds D. 5. whose E. 1. which 6. where l. who/ that 2. who 7. whom 2. which / that 3. when 8. why 3. where 4. that 4. which / that 5. which 358

F. 10.d 19.b 1. b ll. d 20. c 2.a 12.b 21. b 3.c 13.c 22. d 4\"d 14.d 23. a 5.b 15.c 24. c 6.c 16.c 25. d 7. c 11.d 26. c 8.a 18.c 27. c On 11.PARTICIPLES A.I. tiring 6. surprising rI. 1. 1. freshlymade surprised 7. excited Z. confusing 8. annoying 2. recentlymarried 3. tired 9. frightening/ frightened 3. well-paid 4. disappointed 10. broken 4. poorly illustrated 5. IIr. IV. 1. lasting 1. terriblYdrawn 2. broken 2. widelYknown 3. lit / lighted 3. recentlyoPened 4. frightening 4. well done B.I. 1. b 2.b 3. d II. 1. Not knowing his room number,I askedthe receptionist. 2. Havingdrunk too much,hefelt sick. 3. Having finishedall the housework,shewent to her neighbourfor a cup of coffee 4. Not knowing what to do, we decidedto ask for someadvice 5. Going down the stairs,he trippedand brokehis leg He trippedandbrokehis leg goingdown the stairs. 6. Having bookedour seatsfor the concert 1. Having beenwarnedaboutthe high taxes 8. Having done somewindow-shopping,we decidedwhat to buy 9. Not knowingwhatto say,I just smiled. 10. Not beinga good player,he didn't havea chanceof winning the tennistournament. I 1. Having cleanedthe living room, I startedtidying up the kitchen. 12. Not beinginterestedto seewhat would happen,I left the meetingearly. Not interestedto seewhat would happen,I left the meetingearly. 13. Having witnessedthe crime,he was expectedto give evidencein court. 14. Tourists intending to spend their holiday in Malta are advised to make early reservations 359

III. 7. accompaniedi beingaccompanied 1y. l. written 8. fascinating 1. protesting 2. Havingreserved 9. known 2. performecl 3. Seeing 10. amazing 3. il\"O 4. havinghad I 1.exhausted 4. parked 5. believing S. done 6. slamming 6. raken 1. hiding 12.GERUNDSAND INFINITIVES I2.I ALLOW - MAKE - LET l. He wasn'tallowedto go out 2. wasallowedto comehome 3. mademe go for a run / mademe run 4. makesme 5. didn'tlet me visit/ didn'tallow me to visit 6. makesTom do his homework 1. weren'tallowedto 8. don'tletmegrow 9. makeus stay 10. They / The teachersdidn't let us listento We weren't allowedto listento I l. Are we allowedto takephotographs 12. mademe comehome. 13. areallowedto walk around 14. makesus speakEnglishin class 15. aren'tallowedto work 16. letuswrite 17. doesn'tlet me keep 18. (has)let the secretarytake 19. (has)madethe driver pay a fine 12.2ENOUGH AND TOO (...TO) A. 4. enough B. 1. too 5. too 1. Therearetoo many 2. enough 6. enough Z. thereis too much 3. many 3. Therearen'tenoughrooms C. 1. Sheisn't old enoughto travelalone 2. light enoughfor me to carry 3. too difficult for me to solve 4. too hot for thebabyto drink 5. My car is not old enoughto be considereda classic 6. The text is too difficult for the new studentsto understand 1. doesnot eatenough 8. isn'tcomfortableenough (for me) to sleepin 9. was too difficult (for the children/ them)to do 10. He is cleverenoughto understandwell I l. Theseclothesaretoo old (for me) to wear 12. He is too afraidto tell herthetruth 360

13. The man is stupidenoughto believeyou 14. The storyis shortenoughto readin one lesson I5. That man is too tall for her to dancewith 16. The film is too frighteningfor childrento watch 17. The teacherspoketoo fastfor us to understand 18. The wind is strongenoughto blow the roof off 19. courageousenoughto be a mountaineer 20. is not tall enoughto becomea model 21. wastoo steepfor the old farmerto climb 22. lt's not warm enough(for us) to havedinneron the balcony We can't havedinneron the balconybecauseit's not warm enough 23. She didn't walk / wasn'twalking fastI quickly enoughto catchup with them / so she couldn'tcatchup with them She couldn't catch up with them becauseshe didn't walk / wasn't walking fast / quickly enough 24. The ice is thick enough(for us) to walk on D. La : 5. A +.L 5.c 12.3FORMS OF USED TO A. 1. They usedto live in a smallhouse,but now they live in a big flat 2. They usedto havea dog,but now they don't 3. Mr. Black usedto be a farmer,but now he's a salesman 4. They usedto eathealthyfood, but now they eatunhealthyfood 5. Their sonAndy usedto be very lazy at school,but now he's hardworking 6. Mr. Black didn't useto smoke.but now he smokesa lot 7. Mrs. Black didn't useto be fat. but now sheis very fat 8. They usedto enjoy life, but now theydon't 9. Andy didn't useto like school,but now he does 10. Mrs. Black usedto be a housewife,but now sheis a typist B. 1. Theredidn'tuseto be 2. am usedto eating only vegetablesand fruit 3. (have)got usedto wearing / usedto dislike wearing 1. didn'tuseto dyeher hair 5. am not / haven'tgot usedto cyclingto school 6. am usedto speaking 7. Theredidn't useto be an art gallerynearmy flat 8. Thereusedto be a cinemaon the Main street 9. didn'tuseto be cheap/ inexpensive/ usedto be expensive 10. Thereusedto be a few shoppingcentresin Ankara 361

C. l. will getusedto thenoise 2. is usedto living 3. am usedto him/hisbeing 4. isn't usedto gettingup 5. didn't useto be 6. usedto go 1. am not usedto eating 8. is not usedto drinkins 9. got usedto 10. shegot usedto 12.4CAUSATIVE VERBS A. l. have/ get my coatcleaned 7. do you have/ get your teethchecked 3. hasn'thad / got the centralheatinginstalledyet 4. have/ get it cleaned 5. had/ got your eyestested 6. Have you had/ got it / your house(re) decorated 7. havelget my blood pressuretaken 8. had/ got my stomachX-rayed 9. have/ get your housepainted 10. alwayshavemy car washed I 1. haveherhair done 12. I haveI getmy car serviced(at the garage)everysix months I take my car to the garageevery six months to haveI getit serviced 13. arehaving/ gettingthe leak in our roof repairednow arehavingsomeworkersrepairthe leak in our roof now / aregettingsomeworkersto repairthe leakin our roof now 14. haveI get your childrenentertained 15. haveour teacherexplainthe causativesagain/ get our teacherto explainthe causatives again B. 1. (has)got Tom / him to washthe car 2. had their weddingphotographstakenat a photographicstudio 12.5VERBS OF PERCEPTION 1. snoring 10. reading 18. stop 19. yell 2. practicing I l. flying 20. getout 21. enter 3. steal...leave 12. moving 22. ring 23. burning 4. win 13. crawl...fall 24. knock 25. break 5. open 14. sing/singing 6. shout 15. sleeping 1. playing 16. playing 8. fall 17. comins 9. trickling 362

12.6REVIEW OF GERUNDSAND INFINITIVES A. 5. b 1. d 7.d 2.c6.c 3.b 4.b B. I. 5. cutting/ to becut 9. to buy l. beingchanged 6. to get 10. to make 2. to take 7. telling/ havingtold 1l. to enter 3. meeting 8. taking 12. taking 4. watching il. 19. to meet 38. nnglng 1. buying 20. to understand 39. to bring 2. crying 21. decide 40. beingtold / to be tolt- 3. covering 22. being 41. giving 4. going 23. to stop 42. to stay 5. painting 24. seeing +^ aJ . to do 25. to take 44. doing to bepainted 26. puttingoff 45. looking 6. to fill 27. getting 46. helping 7. to find 28. trying 47. staying 8. to help 29. to rush 48. worry 9. publishing 30. to cut 49. to practise 10. to let 31. hiking 50. taking 11 . b e i n g 32. topay 51. to go 12. to write 33. walking 52. getting 13. owning 34. notfinding 53. take 14. buying 35. calling 15.to know 36. to reach 16. being 37. leaving 17. to buy 18. spending C. 1. for making/ to make 2. use/ good cornplaining(aboutthe room service) 3. for drawing straightlines/todraw straightlines 4. useit for correcting/useit to correct 5. selling/havingsold his car 6 . p l a yt e n n i st h a ns w i m 1. point (in) applyingfor thisjob unlessyou haveall the necessaryqualifications 8. his/ him takingme to theairport 9. of doing betterwork 10. takingthe train / thatthey (should)take/tookthe train I l. people(from) takingthe drug 12. worrying aboutmy examresults(althoughI'm sureI'll pass.) 13. is no point (in) takinga shower 14. He didn'tuseto drink / He usednot to drink 15. isn'tgoodatcooking 363

16. I can'tafford (to buy) thisjacket 17. herbookslying around 18. at writing computerprograms 19. can't standpeople/ people'sinterruptingme while I am working 20. remindedRobert to lock the door 21. spentthreehourscleaningthe house D. 5. of working l. of stealing 6. like doing 2. for shouting 7. of/ aboutspending 3\" for being 8. to going 4. (from) resigning 13.CONNECTIVES 13.1EXPRESSING CAUSE AND EFFECT USING SO / SUCH ... THAT l. I was so worried aboutmy examsthatI decidedto stayat home and study 2. a silly excusethat I didn't acceptit 3. was suchan interestingbook thatI finishedit in one day 4. a hardworkingstudent/persotnhathe neverfails his examinations 5. was such a successfulperformancethat the audienceapplaudedfor fifteen minutes 6. He was so successfulthat he graduatedin only three years 1. wassuchbadnewsthat 8. so deliciousthat sheatethreepieces 9. sucha densefog thatthe driverscouldn'tseeanything 10. was sucha dull party that the guestsleft early 11. was driving so fastthat he couldn'tstopat the red light 13.2EXPRESSING PURPOSE USING SO THAT, IN ORDER TO AND BECAUSE A. 6. becauseI 1. becauseD 7. sothatB 2. sothatA 8. sothatH 3. sothatF 9. becauseE 4. becauseC 10. becauseG 5. so thatJ B. 1. they do not / won't leavefingerprints 2. you don't / won't feelhungryduringtheexam 3. shouldhandlethe saucepancarefullyso that your handdoesnot / won't get 4. her husband'ssuddendeathMrs. Williams had a nervousbreakdown 5. bring excitementinto their lives 6. I didn't tell him the restof the storyso asnot to causeany trouble 7. Strictmeasuresshouldbe takenso asto preventoverhunting c. 1. Be quiet so that I canhearwhat Sharonis saying 2. Last week Mary and Janehired a babysitterso that they could go to a dinner party 3. YesterdayI put the meat in the oven at 5:00 so that it could / would be readyI I could eatit by 6:30 4. She casheda cheque yesterdayso that she would have I had enough money to go shopping 364

5. They hurriedsothattheywouldn'tbe I weren't latefor themeeting 6. We lockedthedoor sothatwe could/ would be safe 7. I speededup so that I could overtakethe car in front of me 8. Standup so that I can seeyou 9. Pleaseturn up the radio so that I can listen to the news too 10. The governmentpulled down the old blocks of flats so that they could build the new ones 11. Anne tied a string aroundher finger so that shedidn't / wouldn't forget to take the books shehad borrowed back to the library 12. AII motor vehiclesshoulduseunleadedpetrol so that the air pollution can be reduced 13. Turn down the music so thatthe baby doesn't/ won't wake up D. 4. thegroupis very popular 5. breathcigarettesmoke Suggestedanswers 6. I don't haveenoughtime 1. makesomearrangements Z. Doctors/Dentistswear masks 3. it would be easierto reachthe otherside E. Suggestedanswers f . in order to live a quiet life when he retires so that he could escapefrom the city life becausehe likes beingon his own 2. in order to becomean actress so that shecould be successfulin her career becauseshelikes acting 3\" in orderto starthis own business so that he could look after his grandchildren becausehe had had a heartattack 4. in orderto be healthy so that shecould run faster becauseit was bad for her health 5. in orderto learnhow to useit so that he can surf the internet becausehe likes playing computergames 14.EMPHATIC STRUCTURES 14.1CLEFT SENTENCES A. 1. was Van Gogh thatpaintedthe \"Sunflowers\" 2. I can'tstand is (thefact) thatDavid neverapologizesfor his mistakes I can't standabout David is (the fact) that he never apologizesfor his mistakes 3 wasn't until I got to the bookstorethatI realizedthat I didn't haveany money 4. that I like aboutBennetton'sadvertisementiss that they raiseawarenessaboutglobal issues 5. wasBob Marley who/thatsang\"Exodus\" 6. that I hate about computersis that they rarely work properly 365

B. Instead of 'that' it is possible to use 'who' or 'which' in some casesbut it is an informal usageso we prefer 'that'. l. he wantsis to getmarried 2. was Kate that wore her bestdressto the party lastnight 3. was her bestdressthat Kate wore to the party lastnight 4. wasto thepartythatKate wore herbestdress 5. was lastnight that Kate wore her bestdressto the party 6. makesthejob interestingis the closecontactwith the customers 7. I want is tenminutes'rest 8. I saw was somethingvery appealing 9. stoppedus was his inconsistency 10. I don't understandis why he boasts I f . is not Dorothy that is the manager;it's Mary 12. wasn'tmy pursethatI lost;it wasmy creditcards 13. isn't EuropethatI havebeento; it is India 14. isn't engineeringthathe is studyingi;t is economics 15. isn't I / me thatis crazy;it's you 16. is not encouragemen(tthat)you need;it's determination 17. is not you thatsheloves;it's Bill 18. I needis a pen 19. I like is the way shetreatspeople 20. Ihate is his attitude 21. keepsme fit is jogging 22. is aftera war that childrenusuallysufferthe most 23. wasin LondonthatI first sawthefilm which won two Oscars 24. reallyinspiredme to startwriting a new book was talking to Smith 25. wasBill thatbrokethenewsto me 14.2INVERSION 6'7.. norI neitherwill nor/ neitherdoes A. 1. sowas 8. Nor / Neitherdo 2. Sodo 3 . s oh a s 9. sowill 4. nor/ neithercan 5. Nor i Neitherhave 10.nor/ neitherdo B. C. 8.d l . D i dy o u ?I d i d n ' t . 2. Doesshe?I don't. 1n Oo 3. Haveyou?I haven't. 4. Will they?I won't. z. t) 1 0 .c 5. Did you?I didn't. 3. d 11.b 6. Had they?I hadn't. 4.b 1 2 .a 1. Are you?I'm not. 5.d 1 3 .d 8 . C a n ' ty o u ?I c a n . 6.c 9. Wasn'the?I was. 7. c D. 1. Were they to enactthat law , therewould be a chaos. 2. Were the police to havefound out , you would really havegotteninto trouble./ Had the police found out, you would really havegotteninto trouble. 366

3. Shouldyou becomeawareof anything, let me know. 4. Shouldhe havestolenanything,he will haveto be fired' 5. Had I known the truth,I would haverejecteddoing it. 6. Had Bill not droppedhis keys,he would havemanagedto enterthe house. E. 1. did thepolicedoubthis innocence. 2. will I investin that company. 3. shouldwe constructmore factories. 4. has(so much) environmentapl ollution takenplace. 5. hasso much snow fallenhereduring winter months. 6'7.. were theremore rabiescasesthanin this industrialcity. making workers redundantcan we savethe factory. 8. haveI encouragedpeopleto exhibit offensivebehaviour. g. did the colonel help to plan the curfew but he also supportedthe idea of Coup de'etat. 10. enactingnew laws nor by freezingpriceswill the prime ministergain popularity I 1. had they finishedtheir work when the visitorsarrived 12. do theytell us whatis goingon 13. had sheenteredthe room thanshewas told aboutthe bad news 14. I wastold did Irealize his absence 15. his motherwaswatchingme theboy 16. did I realizethat I had forgottenmy briefcaseat home 17. haveI beensubjectto suchan indecentassault 18. had I switchedon the TV thanthe lights went out 19. was Mary late,but shealsohad left all the documentsat home 20. haveI heardsucha faulty statement 21. readingthe criticsdid I understandthe hiddenmessagein the film 22. doesit matterto me what peoplethink of my attitude 23. shouldyou invite him again 24. did the studentdo his homework 25. doesan individualseizean opportunitylike the one that Tom has 15.GENERAL REVISION I5.I CLOZE TESTS Iz 5. His l.listening 6. any 2.fot l. Were 7. Who 3.everY 2. didn't 3. came l. To 4. Our 2. from 3. wearing 34. 5. the 4. how 6. at 1. do 7. knitting 2. walking 3. do 4. instrument 361

5 0 1 by 6. takes/lasts 1. a 7. arrive/am 2. some 2. reliable 8. safe 9. crowded 3. any a expensive -l- 4. faces A costs/is 5. many 5. slow z 6. with 1. which/ that l. who 8. don't/ won't z. prefers/ goes 9. can J . ought/ have 10. on aA. travel 5. will g 6. will / to 7. better 1. leaves 8. are 2. arrives 9. has 3. gets 10. biggest/ largest 4. cheaper 5. costs/ is 2 5. many 6. always l. went/ was/ ate 7. on 8. takes 2. had / orderedI ate 3. was 4. enough/ much 10 1. has 7. don't 8. uncle z. There 9. to 10. don't a in/on 11. live / are J. 12. only 4. between 5. there 6. isn't 11 t2 l. in 1. playing 2. faces 2. score/get 3. view 3. boring/dull 4. try 4. do 5. fit 5. going 13 l4 1. deals 2. earn 1 . howeve/r as 5. on 6. excursion J. promoted 2. on 7. local 8. souvenirs 4. repair/ mend/fix a refund 5. lost/ left J. 6. for 7. get T/1. receipt 368

15 l. borrow any served 2 . return much get/go J. pay book/reserve ordered/had/ate /1 receiveJ enough/much bill T. more 5. dial 18 Lon 6 . engagedb/usy 2. al 3. who 17 4.a 11. an 5. rold 12. his l. made 6. It 13. While/ When 7. Although 14. After 2. had 8. because 15. gaveI gotI bought 9. enough 16. became 1 whenever 10. which 17. called J. 18. with 19. where aA. allowed 20. songs/ music 5. During 6. except 19 ll. out 1. most 12. earnings/ profits/ income 2. spent 13. Despite 3. up 14. have/ need 4. do 15. unless 5. in 16. like/ enjoY/ Iove 6. herself 17. Having 1. persuad/econvince 18. for 8. when/ once/ after 19. out 9. well 20. so 10. while 2l 20 l. made 1 does 2. during/ on L. the 3. until 3. doors 4. did 5. with +/ . up 6. while 5. having 7. on 6 . busy/ engaged 8. for 369

1',' 11.we 12. that/ which l- where 13. called 2. oldest 14. with 3. lot 15. example/ instance 4. high 16. used 5 . for 17. than 6. have 18. unless 7. yet 19. are 8. by 20. them 9. how 1 0 .A s / S i n c e / B e c a u s e 23 5. after 10. that l. since 6. how I 1. where 2. of 7. to 12. During 3. for 8. still 13. for 4. which 9. to 14. whose 24 7. with 15.neither 8. under 1 6 .w i t h l . with/ about 9. of 1 7 .u n a b l e 10. in 1 8 .l a t e r 2. whose I 1. about 1 9 .l e t 3. in 12. about 20.until/ till /1 where 8. to 5 . AS 9. best 6. live 10.nothing 11 .c o s t )< 12.afford 1 3 .t o o k i. which 1 4 .c o u l d 2. due/ owing 3. Although/ Though 4. allow/permit 5. with/ having 6. most 7. they 26 11. of 12. a l. how 13. with 14. something 2. none 15. so 16. both which / that 17. off 4. this/ it 18. until/ till 5. used 19. may/ might/ could 6. about 20. many 7 . When / After 8. before/ previously 9 . much / far 1 0 . such 370

27 1l. Having 12. While l. to 13. If 2. out 14. in 3. awful 15. broken 4. because/ as/ since 16. finally/ eventually 5. in 17. After 6. over 18. down 7. of 19. unless 8. angrily / threateninglY 20. have 9. off/out 10. able 29 30 1. for/ to 28 2. far 1. defined 3. SupposeS/ upposing 2. concerned 1. situated/ located 4. on/ upon 3. example/ instance 2. with 5. (a)round 4. well 3. between 6. up 5. such 4. interested 7. of 6. addition 5. mind 8. with 7. exemplified 6. However 9. sight 8. Although 7. the 1 0 .d o w n 8. preparing/ cooking/ making 9. to 10. Despite 31 10. example/instance 19. about 1. to 11 . h a d 20. to 2. the 12. today 21. the 3. world/earth 13. However 22. ago 14. their 23. lived 4. or 15. discovered 24. of 5. journeys/voyages/triPs 16. history 25. distance 6. are 17.is 18. not 7. First 8. which/that 9. did 15.2MULTIPLE CHOICE TESTS I 13. c 25. a 14. d 26. d l. b 15. c 27. b 16. a 28. b 2. d 17. c 29. d 18. a 30. b J. a 19. a 31. a b/1 20. d 32. c 21. b 33. a T. 22. d 34. b 23. d 35. c 5. 24. c 6't.. 8. b 9. a 10. a 11. b 12. b 371

) r2. b 23. a 24. b td 13. c 25. b 14. b 26. c 2.a 15. a 27. a 3.c 16. d 28. c 4.d 11. c 29. a 5.a 18. d 30. d 6.b 19. c 3r. d 7. c 20. d 32. b 8.a 21. b 33. a 9. c 22. b 10. d 20. d ll. a 11. d 21. b 12. a 22. c I 13. b 23. b t4. d 24. c 1. d 15. c 25. a 2.c 16. a 26. c 3.d t7. b 27. d 4.a 18. a 5.a 19. b 17. a 6.c 18. c 7. b 9. c 19. b 8.c 10. b 20. a 9.c 11. d 21. c 12. c 22. c r0. b i3. b 23. a 14. a ! 15. d t9. b 16. b 20. d 1. a 21. a 2.b 10. d 22. d 3.c 11. b 23. a 4.b 12. a 24. d 5.c 13. d 25. b 6-1..b d t4. d 26. d 8.a 15. c 16. c b t7. d a 18. c b b a b a

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t4 15. a 28. a l\" b 16. b 29. b 2.d 17. c 30. a 3.a 18. c 31. b 4.b 19. a 32. c 5.c 20. b 33. b 6.c 34. d 1. b 2r. d 35. c 8.d 36. a 9.a 22. d 37. d 10. c 23. b 38. c 11. d 39. c 12. a 25. d 40. d 13. b 26. a 14. d 2',7. a 20. a 21. c t5 10. d 22. b lc ll. c 23. d t2. b 24. c z.a 13. a 25. c 14. a 26. a 3.c 15. c 27. d 4.d 16. d 28. c 5.b 17. c 29. d 6.b 18. b 7. c 19. b 8.d 9. c 375