Practise_Your_Grammar_With_Answer_Key

["22. Old- agepensionsarequite low. The opposingpartiesdeploreit at everyoccasion. The opposingparties 23. She knows how to deal with such difficult situations.It indicatesthat she is quite experienced. The fact that 24. 'fhe fact that he didn't even apologisefor his rude behaviourreally angeredthe teacher. What 25. The child should be sent to a private school to get a good education.This was the parentsp' ointof view. a) It was b) The parents' 26. The politician saysone thing in public. He does anotherthing in private.They never coincidewith eachother. What thepolitician B. Rewrite the sentencessubstituting a noun clause for the phrases in italics. 1. I am surprised at your thinking my brother is a dull personto get married to. 2. Your havins acceotedhis proposal means your having to settle down in a foreign country. 3. I refusedto believe hishavine told me the dateof his arrival. 4. The fact o.fhis having learned Enslish at the place where it was actually spokendoesn't imply hisbeine able to speakthe languageperfectly. 5. Beforebuying that dress,you shouldmakesureo-fitsbeins the rieht siz.e. 6. Beins iqnorantof the rulesis not an acceptableexcuse. 195","9.5 USING _EVER WORDS Rewrite the following sentencesusing whoever, whatever, however, whenever, wherever or whichever l. I don't know who directedthis film, but he is not good. 2. He is l8 now so he cango any placehe likes. 3. The thing in that box is making a very funny noise. 4. Peoplealwayswant more. It doesn'tmatterhow rich they are. 5. It doesn'tmatterhow you travel,it'll takevou at leastthreehours. 6. Thereare2 differentcomputerprogrammesandyou canuseeitherof themyou wantto writeyourreport. 7. It doesn'tmatterwhatproblemsyou have,you canalwayscometo mefor advice. 8. The personwho phonedjust now was very polite. 9. Any timeI seeyou,I feelnervous. 10. It doesn'tmatterwhat you do, I'll love you. 9.6USING THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN NOUN CLAUSES Give the correctforms of the verbsin parenthesesS. omeof the verbsare passive. 1. It is importantthat no one else (know) theoperation. 2. Her advisor recommendedthat she (take)someothercourses. 3. He insistedthat the new babv (name)afterhis grandmother. 4.ThesfudentsrequestedthattheteSt-(postpone),buttheinstructordecided againsta postponement. 196","5. It is essential that pollution (control) and eventually (eliminate). 6. Sheaskedthat we (be) sureto lock the door behindus. 7. It is imperativethathisfather (return)homeimmediately. 8. I requestedthat I (permit)to changemy class. 9.MyfrienddemandedthatI-(allow;totakepartinthenegotiations. 10. ProfessorMiller suggestedthatMary (study)harderfor the final exam. 191","10.ADJECTIVE CLAUSBS 10.1NON-DEFINING A. Rewrite \/ Join the following sentencesusing relative clausesand without changing the meaning. l. I live on Main Street.It is the noisieststreetin this neiehbourhood. 2. The EdinburghZoo has Scotland'sbiggestcollection of animals.It is 5 km wesr of the citv centre. 3. Alice is theownerof a food companyS. heis themostsuccessfublusinesswomainn town. 4. Bob rankedfirst in the race.His fatheris alsoan athlete. Bob 5. I boughtthis watch for Pauline.Sheis my bestfriend. Pauline 6\\\" Doctor Jonesworks for the city hospital.He prescribedmedicinefor my sorethroat. DoctorJones 7. This is Tom. I've beensharinga flat with him for two years. This is Tom 8. My first model plane crashedinto a tree during its first flight. I haclspenthundredsol- dollarson it. My first modelplane 9. SanFranciscois much saferthanNew York. New York's crime rateis climbing ftrst SanFrancisco 10. Bodrumis a holidayresortT. housandosf tourists pendtheirvacationisn Bocirunerzrch summer. Bodrum I l. His grandfathercan rememberhis youth.Therewere no televisionsor computersthen. 12. We like goingto themountainsin winter.Thereis a lot of snowthen. 13. My parentscelebratetheir weddinganniversaryin June.They got marriedthen 198","14. Marilyn Monroe's deathis still a mystery.Shehasneverlost her popularity. Marilyn Monroe 15. TouristslikeTurkey.There'splentyof sunshintehere. I 6. You will enjoy yourselfin London.Therearelots of interestingplacesthere. 17. Dorothy Parker used to be my high schoolfriend. Her novels are sold all over the world. DorothyParker 18. The party on Saturdaywill be at the studentcentre. Thereis a swimming pool in it. The partyon SaturdaY B. Write a paragraph about Pablo Picasso by joining the following facts together using relative clauses where necessary. Do not forget to mark the clauses with commas. a) PabloPicassowas a greatSpanishartist. b) He wasborn in Barcelonain 1881. c) In the beginning,his work was influencedby otherartists. d) Then he developedhis own styleof painting. e) His styleconsistedof picturesof the poor in variousshadesof blue. f) In the following years,Picassowas influencedby the ideasof C6zanne. g) C6zanne'stechniquewas considerablydifferentfrom his' h) After World War II, he movedto the southof France. i) He createdmany paintingsand sculpturesin the southof Franceuntil his deathin 1973. Write your paragraPh here. l9L)","C. Below is a story in which all the relative clauseshave been taken out. Fill the gaps with suitable relative clausesusing the sentencesgiven underneath the paragraph. Last year,during our Februaryholiday,we went to Rio de Janeirowith Martin and his v,,if'e. (r, . We stayedat 'Hotel Rio', (2) We arrived at the hotel during the Rio Carnival,(3) . On our arrivalwe had a lot of problems.As therewas a confusionaboutour reservationst,hey had to put us in two small rooms. (4)_ That night rve had dinneratthehotel.Thefood'(5)--.upSetout- stomachsso we spent the next day in our rooms without doing anything. Our vacation becamemuch more pleasanton the third day. We moved to anotherhotel with largerrooms and bettermeals.We alsojoined the carnivalparadeand had a lot of fun. * There were no bathroomsin the rooms. * We haveknown the couplesincewe first met on an excursionin Paris. x It wasreallydistasteful. * Therewere a lot of touristsin the city then. * It wasquite closeto the city centre. 10.2DEFINING A. Mark the choice which best answers the given question: lA Who cheatedyou? B a) The boy sold rnethe fruit which cheatedme. b ) The fiuit which the boy sold cheatedme. c,| The boy who cheatedme sold me the fruit. d) The boy who sold me the fruit cheatedme. 2.A What are the passengerswaiting for? B a) The passengerws ho arewaiting for the train arearriving in 10 minutes. b) The passengerasrewaiting for the train which is arriving in 10 minutes. c) The train is waiting for the passengerws ho arearriving in 10 minutes. d ) The train which is arrivingin 10 minutesis waiting for the passengers. 3.A Which boys did the teachercall? B a) The teacherwho didn't studyenoughcalledthe boys. b) The boyscalledthe teacherwho didn't studyenough. c) The teachercalledthe boys who didn't studyenough. d) The boyswho didn't studyenoughcalledthe teacher. 200","4.A Who was thedirectorangrywith? B a \\\\ The directorwho spoketo the woman on the phonewas angrywith her. b ) The directorwas angrywith the woman who spoketo him on the phone. c ) The woman who spoketo the directoron the phonewas angrywith him. d) The wonranwho was angrywith the directorspoketo him on the phone. 5 . A Which book did the teacherlose? B a) The teacherlost the book which sheborrowedfrom the students. b ) The teacherwho borrowed a book from the studentslost it. \\\\-l The studentslost the book which they borrowed from the teacher d) The studentswho borroweda book from the teacherlost it. 6.A Which scarfdid the little girl wear? B a) The scarfwhich the little girl wore washermother's. bt The little girl's motherwore the scarfwhich shetook from her daughter. c) The scarfwhich the little girl's motherwore was herdaughter's. d) The little girl wore the scarfwhich shetook fiom her mother. 1 . A : Who did the writer eet his ideasfrom? B a) The writer who worked with an old man yearsago got his ideasfrom him. b) The old man who worked with the writer yearsago got his ideasfrom hirn. c) The writer got his ideasfrom an old man who he worked with yearsago. d) The old man got his ideasfrom the writer who he worked with yearsago. B. Match the information given and define people and things using relative clauses. CharlesDickenswas an author. He first reachedAntarctica. AlexanderBell was a man. Marilyn Monroewasanactress. He inventedthe telephone. RoaldAmundsenwas an explorer. ShebecameIndia's first woman prime Yuri Gagarinwas an astronaut. minister. lndira Gandhiwas a politician. He wrote'OliverTwist'. AlexanderFleniingwas a man. He discoveredpenicillin. He madethe first space-flight. Shestarredin 'GentlemenPreferBlondes 201","thermostat t a k e sp i c t u r e s thermometer h e a t sr o o m s microscope showswhereNorth is telescope m e a s u r e st e m p e r a t u r e speedometer showswhat the daters radiator c o n t r o l st e m p e r a t u r e compass m e a s u r e ss p e e d camera helpsyou seedistantobjectsnearer calendar makessnrallthingslook big Example : CharlesDickens ChorlesDickenswos the outhor who wrote 'Oliver Twist'. Example : thermostat A thermostot is somethingthal \/ which controls temperoture. I. 2. -t. 4. 1. u 9. r0. 11. 12. t -). 14. C. Rewrite \/ Join the following sentencesusing relative clausesand without changing the meaning. 1. Jim haschosena topic.I wantedthe sametopic for my researchpaper. 2. can you recommenda car'lIt would be usefulin this mountainousarea. 3. The reportcauseda greatdealof discussionS. hegavethe reportat the meeting. 202","4. we stoppedour car at a place.we could seethe coming carswell there. 5. Fruit juice is dangerousfor children.It hasartificialcolour and sweetener. 6. Did you enjoy the movie?I had recommendedit' 7. Over thereis the woman.You met her husbandyesterday' 8. Do you know the man?The jury gavethe first prize to him' g. The tie was a horriblecolour.I boughtit lastweek' 10. The peoplewerevery nice.We wentto theirhouse' 11. The book is missingfrom the library.I found thatquestionin it. 12. I did not have any knowledge of computersuntil I took the new course. The departmentoffered the coursethis term. 13. The woman is my teacher.You met her son 14\\\" Coachesalwayslook for playersT. hey shouldbe strongandfast. 15. Do you know the girl? I gavemy booksto her earlier' 16. The gradepleasedrne.I receivedit in my report. 17. The town was really beautiful.we spentour honeymoonthere. 18. This is a well-builttruck.The truckwill saveyou money' 203","19. TheprofessogriveshardtestsI.'m takinghiscourse. 20. TheagencyhasgonebankruptW. e boughtourticketsfromit. 21. That man is the manager.I complainedto him aboutthe food. 22. I helpedthe people.Their car had brokendown. 23. Thereis a shopnearbyY. ou canbuypostcardtshere 24. Shetook me to the shop.Shebuysher clothesthere. 25. Bill met his fiancdin the pub. Studentsoften go there. 26. We havea neighbour.His dog barksall day. 21. The man was on holiday.My fatherwanredto buv his car. 28. Do you know a good disco?We cango thereduring the weekend. 29. They'll meetus at a restaurantI.t's acrossthe streetfrom the librarv. 30. I wantto introduceyouto a famouswriter.His lastbookwasa bestseller. D. Write definitionsof the following words usingthe information given.The first one is donefor you. l. chemistry studycharacteristics+composoitfiosnubstances 2. a consumer buyor useanyserviceor product 3. a hospital ill peoplelookedafterby nurses+doctors 4. a paring knife peelvegetables 5. a hammer fix nails 204","Write your definitionshere. l. of substonces. 2. -a )- +A . 5. E. Read the text and answer the questions using relative clauses. Debra Levy is a studentat Oxford Polytechnic.A year ago she was extremely thin' her face was spotty and her stomachwas always upset.Her doctor gave her pills but each new kind only worked for a shorttime. After shetalkedto a friend with the sameproblems,shebeganto think shewas allergicto foods and chemicals.She went to seea specialist.He testedher and found out that she was allergic to things that sheate,breathedand touched' Now Debrais better.Shetakesmedicineand sheavoidsmany thingslike cigarettesmoke and chemicalsin food, becausethey make her ill. Fortunately.she sharesher housewith somefriends. They understandher problem and try to help her. Debrais finishing her studiessoon.Shewantsto get a job and live in London' There area lot of jobs in London and some of them interesther a lot. But she may have problems therebecauseof the Polluted air. 1. What only worked for a shorttime? T h ep i l t s who madeDebrathinkshewasallergicto foodsandchemicals? A friend 3. Who found out that shervasallergicto thingsthat sheate,breathedand touched' 4. What doessheavoid? 5. Who doessheshareher housewith? 205","6. Why doesshewant to live in London? B e c a u s et h ej o b s 10.3OMISSION Rewrite\/.Iointhe following sentencelseavingout the relativepronounsif possible.Do not changetheir meanings. l. ThesoupwastoosaltyI. hadit for lunch. 2. The waitresswasfriendly\\\"Sheservedus clinner. 3. I havea class.It besinsat 8 a.m. 4. I don't know theman.He is talkineto Marv. 5. My daughtear skedme a questionI. couldn'tanswerit. 6. The peoplelive on Elm StreetA. nn is visitingthemnow 7. All of thepeoplecancometo my party.I askedthem. B. The studentsrrissedthequiz.They cameto classlate. 9. I know a man.He doesn'thnveto work for a livins. 10. I didn't know any of thepeople.Johninvitedthemto his party. I l. A lion is an animal.It livesin Africa. 12. The markethasfrcshvegetablesI .usuallygo there. I3. WherecanI catchthebus?It goesdownrown. 206","14. I had a good time on the trip. I took it to GlacierNationalPark. 15. The noteshelpedme a lot. I borrowedthem from you. 16. The personshouldhelp you with your problem.He is sittingat that desk. 17. The planeleavesat 7 p.m. I'm takingit to Denver. 18. Shelostthepen.Sheborrowedit from me. 19. Here'sthe brochure.It givesinforrnationaboutholiday resorts. 20. The policearrestedthe girl yesterday.I usedto work in the sameoffice with her. 10.4REDUCTION Rewrite\/Join the following sentencesusing reduced relative clauses. Use the given clues. l. Doctor Morton is the head of the ophthalmologydepartment.He operatedon my m o t h e r ' se y e . DoctorMorton 2. METU is one of the most importantuniversitiesin Turkey. It was foundedin l9-56. METU 3. The members of Green Peace are standing on the bridge. It cotrnectsthe two continents. The mernbersof GreenPeace 4. The subwayconstructionmav causetrafficialns.It is carriedout on EskiSehiRr oad. The subwayconstruction 5. The car hasbeenfound. It was usedin the bank robbery. The car 6. A largegardensurroundsthe palace.It is full of tropicaltrees. The largegarden 201","7. The paintingshavebeenexhibitedin the Louvre. They really attractedrhe attentionof the public. Thepaintings 8. My languageteacherlives in a flat. It looks out on a square. My languageteacher 9. A man is driving the lorry. He hasjusr passedhis driving test. The man 10. The capital city of Turkey has always been the centreof Anatolian civilisations.lt has beenknownfor centuriefsor its history. The capital I l. Plasticis an artificialsubstanceI.t is mouldedinto shapewhen heated. Plastic 12. Turkish rugs are valuedthroughoutthe world. They aremadeby hand over a long period of time. Turkishrugs 13. The studentsareall boys.They arebeingpunished. The students 14. I am not fond of people.They boastall the time. I am not 15. Many desertshave some geographicafl ormations.They range from soft hills tojag-eed cliffs. Many deserts 10.susrNc ExpREssroNSoF QUANTTTY Rewrite\/Join the pairs of sentencesbelow using relative clauses.Do not change the meaning. 1. He boughthisdaughtesromebooksM. ostof themwereaboutgardening. He 2. A lot of peopletakeour languagecourse.Most of them aresuccessful. Most 3. A lot of peopleappliedfor thejob. Not all of themwerequalified. Not allof 4. There are many grammaticalcontrastsbetweenEnglish and Arabic. The most noticeable of thesedifferencesis in word order. There aremany","5. CharlesDickens wrote a lot of books. Two of them are Oliver Twist and the Tale of Two Cities. C h a r l e sD i c k e n s 6. Mrs.Wand'sstudentsare very energetic.Many of them play basketball. M r s .W a n d ' s 7. Tom hastwo pairsof jeans.Both of them needcleaning. Tom 8. A lot of peopleprotestedthe war. Some of them were students. A lotof people 9. Maryhasjust inheriteda lot of money.A little of it will go to the orphanage Mary 10. Last summerwe went to the village to visit my friend's family. All of the membersof the family welcomedus. Last summer 10.6NOUN+OF WHICH Join the pairs of sentencebselowusingrelativeclausesD. o not changethe meaning. 1. I haveboughta cameraT. heflashof it is portable. 2. In the bedroom,thereis a wardrobe.The doorsof it slide. 3. He hasa bicycle.The wheelsof the bicyclearecolorful. 4. The instructorhas assignedstudentsa paper.The aim of it is to seethe levels of the students. 5. She is smokinga cigaretteT. he smokeof it disturbsthe otherpassengerisn the compartment. 10.7PRONOUNSUSEDAS THE OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITIONS I. Rewritethe following sentenceussingrelativepronouns. egi Sheis the teacher.I havebeenwaiting for her. She is the teocher for whomI hove been woiting. t. The restauranwt as spaciousW. e went to it yesterday. The restaurant 209","2. I will neverforget the day. You proposedto me then. 3. This is the safe.They keeptheirjewellery there. I met the man. I receiveda letterfrom him the otherday. il. (You canalsodo theexerciseisn Part A: 5,7, 8, 10,1 5 ,1 6 ,1 8P a r tF : 8 , 1 1 ,1 5 ,1 7 , 20,21,23,,24,25,2i8n thesameway.) IO.8REVIEW OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSES A. Read the text and complete the sentencesusing who, whose, which, where. Use each only once. The marathonis the most famousrace in the Olympic Games.Its name comesfrom a small villagein Greece.Therewas a war betweenthe Greeksand the Persianstherein the ye:rr490 B.C. When the Greekswon the battle,a soldierran all the way from Marathon to Arhensro tell the good news. When the modern Olympic Gamesstartedin 1896, the or-qaniserksnew thisstory. In the Olympic Gamestoday, the finest amateursin the world come togetherand complcte. An amateuris a sportsmanH. e doesn'tearnany moneyfrom sports.Amateurs,however.have to spenda lot of time preparingfor the games.That's why their governrnenrspay fbr their preparationt,ravelandpocketmoney.Theseusuallycost a lot. The marathonis a famousrace. Marathonwas a small villaee. 3. An amateuris a soortsman 4. The governments pay for the athletes' preparation, travel and pocket money. B. Read the sentencesbelow, underline the relative clause and put commas lvhere necessary.If possibleomit the relative pronouns. l. StarTrek which is a popularTV serialmadein the 1960'sis aboutthe adventuresol'a spaceship and its crew. 210","2. The Universityof Californiaconducteda studythat tested22 smellslike vanillin and vinesaron volunteersfrom differentcountries. 3. Every summer,hundredsof studentstry to find job opportunitiesmost of which are in seasonawl ork usuallvconnectedwith tourismand agriculture. 4. My eldestsisterwhoseability to play the piano is unbelievablewill be performingat thepresidentiapl alacenext Saturday. 5. The hotel wherewe wantedto staywas fully booked. 6. The biggestrestauranitn the town which we often go to is nearthe seaside. 7. Nigel Kennedyis one of the few classicaml usicianswho interpretVivaldi's 'Four Seasonsw' hich hassoldmorethen250.000copiessuccessfully. 8. Alexandria which is the secondlargestcity in Egypt was built by Alexander the Great on the site of an old fishing village which had a small harbour that was shelteredby the islandof Pharos. 9. The classroomwhich we hold our lessonsin is verv cold and dark. 10. Ricewhichwe usuallyservewithmeatis animportanftoodin my country I l. Johntravelledtwentvmilesto visit his sisterwhich wasthoushtfulof him. I 2. The studentswho the administrationhavechosenfor the quiz show areexcusedfrorr c l a s s e st o d a y . C. Rewrite\/Join the following using relative clausesand the clues if given. Put commaswherenecessaryI.f possibleyou can omit the relativepronounsor use the reducedform . Do not changethe meaning. I . I meta womanat thepartylastnight. Shewasajournalist. journalist The woman 2ll","2. The man was takento hospital.His househad beenvandalised. The man 3. We had to write a report.It was completedin threehours. The report 4. I lentyou a book.It waswrittenby a friendof mine. The book 5. You can washsomeplasticbowls in the dishwasherI. want one. I wanta plasticbowl 6. During his lifetime.Picassocreateda lot of paintings. Art criticshighly valuerhose p a i n t i n g st o d a y . During his lifetime, 7. Thesecretarcyantype70 wordsperminuteM. r. Baileyhiredheryesterday. The secretary 8. Most of the studentsreadthe book.Their teacherhad recommendedit. Most of thestudents 9. I spentfive yearsin a schoolT. hereusedto beonlygirlsthere. I spent 10. Therearepaintingson exhibitionat the Louvre Museum.Someof them areworth millionsof dollars. There are I 1. The governmentconstructedhousesfor the refugees.The refugeeswere thankful. The refugees 12. The oceansarefull of plankton.Most of the planktonareconsumedby fish. The oceans 13. The articleis really interestingI.t dealswith differenttypesof friendship. The article 14. A woman gaveme piano lessonsT. he woman'ssisterworked in the bakery. The woman 15. Many peoplecameto the interview.None of them got thejob. None of 16. I gaveher a gold chest.The top of it is coveredwith diamonds. I gave 212","D. Fill in each blank with an item from the box below. Do not use all item more than ONCE. whose why who which where when that whom l. on their fourth wedding anniversary,Rod gave a diamond ring to his wife, Beth. madeher very happy. 2 . Mr. Brown is thinking of firing two of the accountantsin the sales department. keepmakinglots of errorsin the calculations' ['ll neverforgetthe day I first had a date. A This islandis a place you will like verymuch. 5 . Jackieinheritecal fortunefrom her elderuncle wife shehadn'tseenfor years. 6. The two men were aboutto rob the NationalBank when the police found out abottt they were hiding. their plansand caughtthem in the cottage 7. \\\"Mary. I want you to meetMr. Simpson.He is the man on your father operatedyesterdayM. r. Simpson,this is my daughter,Mary' 8. Thereis no reason you shouldn'tgo out for a dinnerwith yourboy friend. E. Write ONE suitable relative pronoun in each blank' MarthaToclclersis one of the people(l)--_- don't like city lif'e.She left London Vearsago. complainingabout the crowd and noise.However, she had to come back last week to live in the flat (2)- she had left years ago becauseher house in the c o u n t r y ,( 3 ) _ shelived for all thoseyears,completelyburnt down in a fire. On her returnto London,shevisitedthe company(4)-had insuredher house in order to reclaim her loss due to the fire. They have agreedto meet her claim in full- ln addition,if shebuys any new furniturein London,they will transport it free of charge. Martha is planningro srayin her flat in London, somepartsof (5)--- is suittrble for usens an art studio,so she'sgoing to redecoratethesepartsfor rent as a studiowith the help of an old friencl.Martha is keenon art so this will help her feelbetteruntil her housein thecoulltlyis rebuilt. 213","F. Mark the bestchoice. l. Shegot a letterfrom the man househer parentsvisitedlastweek. a) who c) whom b) whose d) that 2. The contract the secretarytypedyesterdayhasjust beensigned a)- c) whom b) who d) where 3\\\" SamuelClemens was a famousAmericanauthor.wrote \\\"Tom Sawyer\\\". a) that c) who b) whom d)- 4. He hasstartedwaking up in the middle of the night, ls very strange. a)this c) that b)ir d) which 5. Theeggs for breakfastat the cafeteriawere cold. a) which had c) who I had b) I had d) thathad 6. My sistergoesout with a man in a bank. a) works c) who works b) who he works d) heworks 7. I'm going to call aboutthe advertisement in last night's paper. a) which saw c) I saw b) saw d) thatis seen 8. Do you rememberthe film you about? a) I told c) told b) which is told d) thattold 9. I couldn't understandthe woman the conference. a) that shegave c) who gave b) shegave d) gave 10. I enjoyedthemusic after dinner. a) thatlistened c) thatwe listened b) which we listenedto it d) which we listenedto 1 1 . The people next door arevery friendly. a) who they live c) live b) theylive d) who live 12. Somebodwy ith darkglasses for yououtside. a)whois waiting c) thathe is waiting b) iswaiting d) he is waiting 214","13. Do you know thewoman c) John is marriedto a) who is marriedto d) sheis marriedto John b) that marriedto 14. Thisis TomJenkinsH. is parents in Switzerland. a)who live c) thattheylive b) theylive d) live 15. BrabantIsland, is an inhospitableand violent piece of land nearAntarctica. a) which the researchteamspentthe winter b) that was the winter spentby the researchteam c) wherethe researchteamspentthe winter d) who the researchteam spentthe winter with 16. William Shakespearewas a very famous British playwright. You can see 'Hamlet', is one of his bestplays,at the Adoelphi Theatreuntil next June. a) that c) which b) who d) whose 17. One of the reasons many people move to urban areasis better e d u c a t i o n afl a c i l i t i e s . a) which c) when b) where d) why 18. Her husbandhas a wonderful senseof humour, makestheir times t o g e t h e rr e l a x i n g a n d e n j o y a b l e . a) that c) which b) who d)- 19. The representativeosf the countries unemploymentrates are high gatheredto discusstheir governmentpolicies. a) which c) their b) whose d) these Mark Twainis a writer(20) popularall over the world. His real name was SamuelClemens.Later when he becamea writer. he usedthe name Mark T w a i n ,( 2 1 ) a term usedby river boatmentravelling alongthe MississippRi iver.MarkTwain(22) in a smalltown besidethe Mississippi. In his books he wrote about his childhood experiences (2 3 ) . Oneof hisstories(24) about an ordinary American boy, Tom Sawyer, (25) gettlng lnto troubleall the time. Tom Sawyer'sadventures(26) in a small townbesidetheMississipp(i,27) 2r5","20. a) who arebooksandstories 21. a') thatit was b) wherehe hasbooksandstories b) which was c) whosebooks and storiesare c) who he was d) which hasbooksandstories d) it was 22. a) who grew up 23. a) he neverforgot b) he grew up b) which neverforgor c) wherehe grew up c) who he neverforgot d) grew up d) thatneverforgot 24. a) it is 25. a) hekept b) they are b) kept c) is c) thathe d) that are d) who kept 26. a) which takeplace 27. a) whosechildhoodMark Twain spent b) they takeplace b) who spenrhis childhoocrthere c) t a k ep l a c e c) whereMark Twain spenthis chilclhoocl d) thattheytakeplace d) which he spenthis childhoodrhcre 216","ll.PARTICIPLES A. I. Fill in the blankswith the participlesin the box. UseeachONCE. frightening disappointed surprised tiring tired excited confusing surprising broken frightened annoyin l. Mondaysat work arethe most daysof the week.That'swhy I prefer to go home right after work on Mondays and spend the evening in front of the televisiondoins nothine. 2. He was to seehis teacherin front of him ashe wasn't expectingher 3. My father'sexplanationsare , they arenot very clear. 4. I feel very after giving parties. 5. When Sam learnedthat he could not win a scholarshipto HarvardUniversity,you can i r n a g i n eh o w he was.He hadbeenworking to get it for years. 6. It was to seeher at the market yesterday.I thought he had tnoved to Australialong time ago. 7. My sisteris very aboutthe birth sheis going to give next month. 8 . O u r n e i g h b o u r 'nso i s ei s v e r y downstairs. _ and story,they all got 9. When shetold the childrena didn't wantto go to sleep. 10. We savethe chairaway. II. Fill in the blanks with the phrases in the box. newlyengaged poorly illustrated recentlymarried well-timed freshlymade well-paid colourfullv illustrated recentlYpublished l. Nothing can be more deliciousthan bread. 2. The coupleareon honeymoonat the Caribbeanislands 3. He hasn'tgot any financialproblemsbecausehe hasa job. 4. lt wasa book; therewere very few picturesin it. 2t'7","III. Usethe words in the box to form presentor pastparticiples. frighten behave break last lieht sight l. Most kitchen containersare made of solid rubber becauseit is a long- - for material. z.HowdoyoueXpectmetowalkthatfarwiththis-Ieg? 3. I like December very much becausethe streets are colourfully- - Christmas. 4.Icouldn'tgettosleepforalongtimeafterwatchingthat-film. IV. Match the words in columns A and B and fill in the blanks with the correct participles.UseeachONCE. A B freshly done widely drawn recently known terribly opened welltimed l . T h i si s a map.It's impossibleto find our way with it\\\" 2. It's a fact that television has some harmful eff'ectson children. 3. This is themost pub in town. Let's get in and seewhat it is like. 4. Thisprojectis . Congratulations! B. I. Mark the bestchoice. 1 . awareof thedangerisnvolvedw, e decidedto cut acrosstheforest. a) Havingbeen c) In spiteof b) Not being d) Althoughwe 2. the curtains,I was shockedto seethat my front yard was a mess.A car had crashedinto the garbagebins and therewas trasheverywhere. a) Beingopened c) Havingto open b) Opening d) By opening 3. YesterdayI went to the schoolcafeteriawith my friends.There were other studentstherc 'Bridge'. a) play c) played b) wereplaying d) playing 218","[I. Rewritethe followingusingthe correctparticipleforms. l. As I didn'tknowhisroomnumberI, askedthereceptionist. 2. He felt sick becausehe had drunk too much. 3. Shefinishedall the houseworkand thenwent to her neighbourfor a cup of coffee. 4. We didn't know what to do so we decidedto askfor someadvice. 5. He trippedandbrokehis leg ashe wasgoing down the stairs. 6. We had bookedour seatsfor the concert,so we didn't haveto standin a queuefor hours. ,we didn'thaveto standin a queuefor hours. 7. His lawyer warned Jim about the high taxes,which changedhis mind about buying a n o t h e rv i l l a . , Jim changedhis mind aboutbuying another villa. 8. We did somewindow-shoppingand thendecidedwhat to buy. 9. As I didn'tknow whatto say.I iustsmiled. 10. He didn't have a chanceof winning the tennistournamentbecausehe wasn't a good player. 11. I cleanedthe living room. Then I startedtidying up the kitchen. 12. I was not interestedto seewhat would happen so I left the meetingearly. 13. As he had witnessedthe crime.he was expectedto give evidencein court. 2lL)","14. Tourists who intend to spend their holiday in Malta are advised to make earl\\\\ reservations. III. Changethe words in bracketsinto participle forms. l . Thebook (write) by a friend of mine is in the lisr of besrsellers. (reserve)a table a week in advance,we were seatedimmediately 1 by the headwaiter. 3 . (see)the old man crossingthe street,the driver brakedhard A Martin has startedto work for a company.However,_ (have)his own businessfor many years, he now finds it hard to accept orders frclm another authority. 5. Romeo, (believe)thatJulietwas dead,decidedto kill himself. 6 . Bob, who got extremelyangry at his boss,went out (slam)the door. The presidententeredthe room, (accompany)by his body guards. *>k* Last Friday, our teachertook us to the Natural History Museum. First. we tourecithe ( 8 ) (fascinate)displaysof prehistoricanimals.Then, wc-wenr into the next room, where there were some fossils of the earliest (e) (know) plants. As we went on, ir wus (10) (amaze)to seethe displaysof Homo Sapiens.Althou-ehmy friendsand I were extremely(l l) (exhausta) t theend of the dav, we all appreciatedthe knowledgewe had gained. IV. Change the words in the box into participles. hide perform park protest take tie do I was walking home when I saw a group of people(1) againsthe n u c l e a re x p e r i m e n t s( 2 ) _ in the Pacific Ocean.The spokesmanfor thegroupwasa youngmanwith his hair (3) in a ponytail.He was standingon a bus (4) in the middle of the road. As he was passionatelytalking about the damage (5) by the experiments. otherswere showingphotographs(6) in the testareas.One of them was very touching.it showeda sealion (7) behindarrock in terror. Then the police arrivedto dispersethe crowd asthey 220","12.GERUNDSAND INFINITIVES I2.I ALLOW - MAKE - LET Complete or rewrite the sentencesusing the words given in the box in their correctforms. make let allow L His parentsdidn't let him go out on weekdays. on weekdays. 2. His parentsdidn't mind if he camehome aftermidnight. aftermidnight. He 3. When I wasin the army,I hadto go for a run everymorning. every When I was in the army, they morning. 4. Brian and Robertaretalking abouttheir mothers. Brian : I reallyget angrywhen my mother wear a suit when we aregoing out for dinner with my father'sfriends from work. I think I'm old enoughto decidewhat to wear on formal occasions. Robert: I definitelyagreewith you. 5 . I c o u l d n 'vt i s i t J o h ni n P r i s o n . Johnin prison. 6. Tom canonly go out to play with his friendsafterhe doeshis homework. His mother always before he goes out to playwith hisfriends. 7. The childrenhad to stayin the room for two hours. leavethe room for two hours. The children 8. I'm not allowedto grow my hair long. my hair long. My parents 9. We haveto stayin the office until6 p.m. in theofficeuntil6 p.m. The 10. We couldn't listento rock musicat school' rock musicat school. I 1. Can we takephotographsin the museum? in themuseum? 221","12. when I was a teenagerm, y parentsdidn't let me stayout aftermidnight. When I was a teenager,my parents b e f o r em i d n i s h t . 13. On theplaneyou can walk aroundaftertake-off. after take-off. On theplaneyou 14. We haveto speakEnglishin class. Our teacher 15. You can't work abroadif you don't havea work permit. You abroad if you don't have a work permit. 16. We had to write our term-paperson the computer. our term-papersln pen. Our teachernever 17. I'm not allowedto keeppetsin my flat. petsin my flat. My landlord 18. Secretary : May I takethedayoff, Sir? Mr. Brown : Yes,sure. Mr. Brown the day off. 19. Policeofficer : You haveexceededthe speedlimit. you must pay a fine Driver : Okav.I am verv sorrv The policeofficer 12.2ENOUGHAND rOO G. TO) A. Fill in the blanks with ONE word only. My sister'swedding was a disaster.First of all, she decidedto get married very suddenlyso therewas linle time to plan it properly,but still aboutfifty of her friendscameto the receprion in her studio. We had severalproblemswith the people who organizedthe reception.For instance,there was ( 1) much coke but there wasn't (2) champagnebecausethey had forgottenmost of the champagnebottlesat rhe back of the car My fatherhad to go to the nearestsupermarketto buy some. 3. There were too questronsrn the exam so most of the studentscouldn't finish answeringthem all on time. 222","4. A : Why did they cancelthe boardmeeting? B : Thereweren't peopleto hold the meeting. 5. Tigers are dangerousto keep aspets. 6. Sheis not fast to win therace. B. Complete the sentenceswith the given clues. Mr. andMrs. Hensonwant to move to a new house. Mr. Henson What do you think of the housein GreenStreet? Mrs. Henson Well, it's a detachedhouseand the gardenis lovely, but it's on a main road. ( l ) cars.This can be dangerous (too) for the children.And also (2) nolse. (too) Mr. Henson : You areright dear.What aboutthe rooms? Mrs.Henson: Oh,(3) . It hasgot only (enough) two smallbedrooms.I don't want to live in a smallhouseany more. C. Rewrite the following using the given clues.Do not change the meaning. L Sheis too youngto travelalone. (enough) 2. The box was too heavyfor me to carry. Thebox wasn't (enough) 3. The problemwasn't easyenoughfor me to solve. The problemwas (too) 4. The milk wasn'tcold enough. The baby couldn'tdrink it. Themilk was (too) 5. My car is not very old. It is not considereda classic. (enough) 6. The text is extremelydifficult. The new studentscannotunderstandit. (too) !-!-)","7 . Jeremyeatstoo muchjunk food. h e a l t h yf o o d Jeremy (enough) 8 This bed isn't very comfortable.I can'tsleepin it. This bed (enough) 9 . The exercisewas very difficult The children couldn't do it. The exercise (too) 1 0 .He is quite clever.He can understandwell. (enough) I l . Theseclothesarevery old. I can't wear them. (too) 12. He is afraid.He cannottell her the truth. (too) r 3 .The man is stupid.He believesyou. (enough) I|A.+. The storyis short.We can readit in one lesson. (enough) 1 5 .Thatman is very tall.Shecan'tdancewith him. (too) 1 6 .The film is frightening.Childrenshouldn'twatchit. (too) 1 7 .The teacherspokefast.We couldn't understandhim. (too) 1 8 .The wind is strong.It will blow the roof off. (enough) 224","19. He hasn'tsot much courage.He can'tbe a mountaineer. He isn't (enough) 20. Sheis rathershortso shecan'tbecomea model. She (enough) 21. The mountainpath was verv steep.The old farmercouldn'tclimb it. The mountainpath (too) 22. It's very cold so we can't havedinneron the balcony. (enough) 23. Shecouldn'tcatchup with thembecauseshewalked too slowly. (enough) 24. We canwalk on theice-itis thick. (enough) D. Mark the bestchoice. L I can'tseeyou very well becauseit's dark and thereis light. a) not enough c) more b) too much d) enough 2. Although 3-year-oldTom is too young to school.he pretendsto be a student.Every morning he prepareshis schoolbag and goesto his grandmother,who looks after hirn while his parentsareat work. a) gorng c) to go b) who goes d) isgoing 3. It is to dig the gardentoday. a) too hot c) very hot b) hotter d) hot 4.Whenwe|efttheparty'wewerestillhungrybecausethere-food. a) wasn'tnearlyasmuch c) wasn'tenough b) wastoo bad d) wasa bit 5. He was dismissedashe had arguedwith the bossaboutthe working conditionswhich he thoughtwere- to put up with, evenfor a strongand healthyperson. a) very heavily c) too heavy b) soheavy d) heavyenough 225","12.3FORMS OF USED TO A. The Black family havemoved from Canada to Switzerland.How are their lives different? Use usedto or didn't useto. Switzerland Theylivedin a town. They live in a city. They lived in a smallhouse. They live in a big flat. They hada dog. They don't havea dog. Mr.Black wasa farmer. He's a salesman. They atehealthyfood. They eatunhealthyfood. Their sonAndy was verylazyat school. He is hardworkingnow. Mr.Blackdidn't smoKe. He smokesa lot\\\" M r s . B l a c kw a s n ' tf a t . Sheis veryfat. They enjoyedlife. They don't enjoylife much. Andy didn'tlike school. He likesit now. Mrs.Blackwasa housewife. Sheis a typist. e9. The Blockfomily usedto live in o town, but nowthey live in o city\\\" 1 z. -1 ). A T. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. B . Rewrite the sentenceussingusedto, get usedto, be usedto. l . Therewasn'mt uchairpollution15yearsago. muchair pollution15 yearsago. l . I eatonly vegetablesand fruit. I am accustomedto it. I 3. I dislikedwearinga uniformwhenI firstjoined the army,but I don't mind it any more I a uniform 226","4. My sisterstarteddying her hair after shegraduatedfrom university. My sister when shewas at university. 5. Cycling to schoolis somethingthatI find strange. I 6. Speakingin publicis somethingI alwaysdo. in public. I 7. They havebuilt an art gallerynearmy flat. 8. They havepulled down the cinemaon the Main street. 9. Home computersarenot expenslveany more. in thepast. Home comPuters 10. Therewere a few shoppingcentersin Ankara l0 yearsago' l0 yearsago. C. Completethe sentenceisn a meaningfulway usingthe correct forms of usedto,get usedto andbe usedto. l. Our new neighboursare very noisy.I expectwe but it's very a n n o y l n gn o w . Z. Fred isn't marriedand he doesn'thavemany friendsbut he doesn'tmind it becausehe alone. 3. My husbandstartedto travel a lot after he got a new job. At first I found this quite difficult but now I away. 4. ShelookssleepyS. he soearlyin themorning. 5. There a languagelaboratoryin that school' but thereis one now. 6. WhenI was8. I swimminsbut now I don't. 7. I don't feel well aftera big meal.I somuch. 8. Tim so much coffee.He can't sleepnow. g. We f'elt very sad when our teacher changed at primary school, but soon we thenew one. 10. At first Janedidn't like schoolbut then it. 221","12.4CAUSATIVE VERBS A. complete or rewrite the following sentences(usethe cluesif given). l. Theycleanmy coatatthedry cleaner's. at thedry cleaner's. 2. Howoften you \/ your teeth\/ check)? 3. Winter is around the corner,but Tom (yet\/ the centralhearing\/ insrall). 4. A : I've spilledred wine on my new dress. (clean).I know a _{oodplace B : Don'tworry.You can thatgetsout eventhe most stubbornstains. 5. Has anyoneevertestedyour eyes? Haveyou ever 6. Mary is visitingherfriendMelanie. Mary : Your houselooks wonderful. Melanie: Yes, I have.I paid a lot of money to the decoratorsbut I guessit's worth it. I reallylike thenew look. 7. I amgoingto a doctor. He is goingto takemy bloodpressure. I amgoingto 8. The doctorwantedthe X-ray of my stomachon Saturday. on Saturday I 9. Yourhouseneedspainting. You should 10. I neverwashmy car myself. I (always) 1 1 .M a r yw i l l (herhair\/ do) beforeshegoesto theparty. 12. Itake my car to the garageto be servicedeverysix months. 13. Someworkersarerepairingtheleakin ourroofnow We 14. In mosthypermarkettsh,eyentertainyourchildrenwhileyou'reshopping. In most hypermarkets,you can while you're shopping. 228","15. Ourteacher'dbetterexplainthecausativesagain.Someofuscouldn'tunderstandit. We should B. Completethe sentencesusingthe words in the box. UseeachONCE. have l. Father : Canyou washthecar? I'll give you f 1 to do it. Tom : Oh, all right. Tom'sfather 2. SueandJim'sweddingphotographswere takenat a photographicstudio. SueandJim 12.5VERBSOF PERCEPTION ( s n o r e) Fill in the blankswith the correctforms of the verbsin brackets. l. My grandfatheris sleepingin his bedroom.I can hearhim Z. When we walkedpasthis housewe heardhim (practice)the tlute. 3. I sawher (steal)the goldennecklaceand l l e a v e) the shopimmediately. 4. It was a greatpleasureto seemy uncle (win) the tennismatchlast year. 5. I was frightenedwhen I heardthe door (open)at rnidnight. 6. While I was walking down the street,I suddenlyheardsomeone (shout) 'Help!' '7. As I was runningpastthe tenniscourt,I noticedsomechildren ( p l a yt tennis. 8. Theysawher (fall) into thelake. 9. I feelthedropsof sweat (trickle)down my back 1 0 .I s a wS u e (read)mv lettersin my bedroom. I l. Bird watchers observe wild birds (fly) in their natural surroundings. 12.I feltsomething (move)on my neckandscreamed. 13. We watched a caterpillar (crawl) up the leg of a chair and (fall)down. 22r)","14. N{y cat 'Pussy'enjoyslisteningto me (sing)a songbcforeit titlls asleep. ( s l e e p) o l l 15. When I got homelateat night,I found my youngersister the sofa. )F ,< t< Lasi Mondav I was sitting on my balcony and watching sorne chilclren (l6) (play; hopscotcli in the garden when I noticed a car ( 1 1) (come)down the road and flB) (stop)on thc.other side. just oppositemy house.There were three men in the car. I hearclone ol' theln (1 e ) (yell)for help.ThenI sawanotherone (20)___ (serour)o1 the car and (2I ) (enter)our building.Suddenll,I heard rnv cloorbell (22) (ring) and smelrsomething(23) ( b u r r r ) .I g o t i n t o panic ancl thought that I shouldn't open the door. But then I heard ' nrnci-,o.lr t14t (knock)on thewindow and(2-5) t h l c u k) i t That'sallI canremembewr.henI openedmy eyesI wasin hospital. 12.6REVIEW OF GERUNDSAND INFINITIVES A. Mark the bestchoice. l. Joanneforbadeher youngerbrother herroom a . )e n t e r i n g c) notto enter d) to enter b) thathe wouldn'tenter 2. Many parentsdon't approveof their children h o m ea f t e rm i d n i g h r . a)to comlng c) coming b) come d) to come 3. The salesmanshowedus t h e w a s h i n gr n a c h i n e . a)for using c) theworkingof b) how to use d) to work 4. A razoris somethingthatyou usefor c.)to shave a) shave d , ts h a v i n gi t b) shaving ? 5. A : What wouldyoulike B : White wine.please. c) a drink a) drinking d) drink b) to drink 6- Jamesis very proud of his father,who was the first person frorn a universityin hisfarnily. a) -qraduating c) to -qraduate b) thathavegraduated cl)havin-eto graduate 230","1. Alrhoughhe had a fight with Michelle earlier,Joshis still hoping to her b a r b e c u ep a r t y . c) for beinginvited a)heis invited b) to havethe invitation d) to beinvited B. Fill in the blanks using either the gerund or the (to) + infinitive fbrms. I. l. I don'trnindmy office (change). 2. I forgot (take)the booksbackto the library today. 3. You know me. However,I don'tremember ( r n e e t )y o u 1. I'll never forget (watch) the sunsetover Lake Victoria. It rvas wonderful. 5. Call me wheneveryou think the grassneeds (cut). 6. I calledMum on our way to Michigan, when we stopped (get) someoetrol. 7. I haveneverregretted (tell) the truth. 8. If you calt't concentrateon your work anymore, try - (take)a shower.That rni-ehht elp. 9. Remember (buy) the ticketsbeforethey are sold ot-tt. 10. My instructoradvisedme (make)a list of the new vocabularl itemseveryday. I l. I had to finrshnry drink in the hall astheydon'tallow people- (enter) thecinemawtth beverages. i2. We decidedto sellthe pianoasmy daughtc'srt' opped t t a k e )p i a n o lessolts vcilrs ilgo. TI. I. I wastold thatthecarwasn't wortlt (buy) becauseit was vervold. 2. Thereis no point rn (cry) over the accidennt ow. You shouldn'ht avedrivenwhile you weredrunk' -1. Don't throw away thosegift wraps.You can usethem for ( c o V e)r v ( ) u r books. -1. A : Arnold doesn'twzrnt o comervithus. He doesn'tfeel like (gtt) out today. B : That'sokal'.He canjoin us anothertime. l3l","5. We'veboushta new house.It's in very good conditionexceptfor the garage,which needs (paint). 6. A: How did you manageto get hereso fast? only stopped B: we skipped lunch and drove past alr the restaurants.we (fill) thetankat a gasstation. *** DearAunt Mary. Finally,I've managed(7) (find) someonewho is genuinelyinterestedin the research that I'm doing. The biology professors at my university are all too busy ( 8 ) (help) me. They are only concernedabout (9) (publish) their own material.ProfessorGreenberg,from Boston College.however,took m1 researchvery seriously.He evenoffered(10) (let)me userhefacultvlab fbr my experimentsY. ou know, that'sactuallyagainstthe rules.They do not permit studentsf1om other universities to do experiments in their labs. I really appreciate him ( l l ) (be) so involved in my project.He supportsme in whateverI do ancl hasencouragedme ( l2) (write) about the resultsin next month'sissueof S c i e n c eM a g a z , i n e . . . Many peoplemust havedreamedof (13) (own) a small housein a foreisn country.Others,with even bigger ideasand a lot more money, may even have consiclered (t4) (buy) hotels. In any case, it is absolutely essential (l5) (know) a greatdeal aboutthe value of property-otherwise the buyer may be at the mercy of dishonestagents. Some tourists, however, are so foolish that nothing can prevent them fiom (16) (be) cheated.About 3 years ago a Japanesetourist attempted (l7) (buy) the Collosseumin Rome. His agentstold him rharthe buildine was in needof repairbut it was well worth (18) (spend)money on a buildinglike that.Theyrooka deposiot f 200,000liretandtoldhim that they would complete thearrangementthsateveningT. hepoorJapanesteouristagreed(19) (meet) themat a certainhotelthateveningbut,of coursetheynevercame. *** 232","Maria and Sally aretalking on thephone. Maria Oh, I forgot to tell you. Janet'ssuddenlygot married. Sally Oh, nol Not to that dreadfulman shewas going out withl His nameis Peter,isn't it'l Maria Yes, that'sthe one,I'm afraid. Sally That's awful. What a huge mistake she'smade! It's simply impossible for me (20) (understandw) hat made her (21) (decide)to do a crazything like that.Can you imaginehow terrible(22) (be) marriedto him would be? Maria I couldn't even begin to imagine it. Actually, I did my best (stop) her. I told her months ago to stop (23) (see) him, but she stubbornly refused ()4\\\\ (take)my advice.You know how head-strongsheis. (2s) Sally I certainly do. You are not the only one who tried to save her from disaster.I Maria myselfurgedher severaltimesto considerat least(26) (put off) (21) (get) marrieduntil they knew eachother better.Now it has turned out that I wastedmy time. When Janetmakes up her mind. it isn't worth even(28) (try) to changeit. Well, shechose(29) (rush)into thisridiculousmarriase insteadof listeningto us. Now she'lljust haveto live with the consequences. **>k Jackboughtthis lovely new housein the woods.Sincehe hasrefused(30) (cut) down any trees,there are no pavedroadsgoing to his house.Therefore,visiting him means (31) (hike) at leasttwo hours in the ruggedcountryfrom the station.However. I like Jack,so I finally madeup my mind (32) (pay)him a visit.I didn't mind (find\/not) him at home.It (33) (walk) so far but I dreaded(34) was no use (35) (call) him becausehe never answers the phone. I a t t e m p t e d( 3 6 ) (reach)him by (37) (leave)messageson his answeringmachine.Did he acknowledgethem?No! At any rate,one day I decidedto take a chance.To this day, I still remember(38) (ring) the bell all out of breathand the relief I felt when I saw Jack with a glassof cold beer in his hand.Jack, as cheeky as ever, said,\\\"Heybuddy,I hopeyoudidn'tforget(39) (bring)somesnacks.\\\" *>k* 233","DearMaria, I know you hate (40) (tell) what to do but I just can'thelp (41) (give) you a few words of advice before you leave for England. I think the first thing for you to do when you get thereis to find a nice family (42) (stay)with. When I was in England,I realizedthat while some families allow their guests(43) (do) more or less what they want, othersmay insist on their (44) (do) all sortsof houseworkin addition to (45) (look) after the kids. As the programof rhe English course thatyou'regoing to attendwill probablybe very loaded,you won't be ableto spenda lot of time 146) (help) the family with the housework. This is why I want you to consider(47) (stay) with the Jacksons.in Wimbledon. Mrs. Jacksonis a wonderful person.If you can get a room there,you needn't(48) (worry) aboutanything!During my stavwrth them. I really had a good time. Mrs. Jacksonwill help you a lot with your homework. and I'm sureyou'll get a lot of chance(49) (practisey)ourEnglish. Well, that'sall I want to tell you for the time being.I hopeyouwill makethebest of your stayin England.Hope to hearfrom you soon. Roberto **>k Why do you look somiserable? I've beenon a diet for a week andI haven'tbeenableto loseany weight so farl A Why don'tyou try (50) (take)someexercise?Your houseis closeto a park so it'sa goodidea(51) (go)jogging thereeverymorning. B My doctor has suggestedthe samething but I loathe (52) (get)up earlyin themorning! n Well,if I wereyou,I'd (53) (take)my doctor'sadvicemoreseriouslv! LJ+","C. Complete the sentencesusing the clues if given. A : What is this stranseinstrument? (make)holesin paper. B : I guessit'ssomethingused(1) 2. Alice is unhappywith the room serviceat the hotel.Shewantsto complainaboutit to the porter.You know that this won't solvetheproblem.What do you sayto her? It'sno to the porter. 3. You draw straiehtlineswith a ruler. A ruleris used 4. Barry is at a stationery. Barry : I want to buy somethingwhosenameI do not remember.It is a white liquid in a smallplasticbonle.We mistakes. The stationer : I see.I guessyouwantTipp-ex.Hereyouare.It is $3. 5. Simonwisheshehadn'tsoldhiscar. Simonregrets 6. I like playingtennismore than swimming. I'd rather 1. It's no useapplyingfor thisjob unlessyou haveall the necessaryqualifications. Thereis no 8. I'm grateful to him becausehe took me to the airport. I appreciate 9. William can do betterwork. William is capable 10. 'Weshouldtake the train'.saidSue. Sue suggested 11. Despitethe new law, peoplewent on takingthe drug. The new law didn'tprevent 12. I'msureI'll passb, utI'm stillworriedaboutmy examresults. I can'thelp I 3. Don't takea showerbeforeyou go jogging; it is pointless! beforeyou go jogging There lJ)","14. He starteddrinking afterhe got the sack. beforehe sot the sack. ( u s e dt o ) 15. My fathercannotcook well. My father (goodat) 16. I don'thaveenoughmoney,so I cannotbuy thisjacket. (afford) 17. Mary doesn'tput her books away. Mary leaves (1ie) 1 8 . I d o n ' tk n o w h o w to write computerprogramswell. I'm notverygood 19. Peopleinterruptme while I am working. I hateit. I (can'tstand) 20. \\\" Don'tforgetto lockthedoor, will you?\\\" Alicesaidto Robert. Alice (remind) 21. It took her threehoursto cleanthe house. She (spend) D. Fill in the blanks using the words in the box. Don't forget to make the necessary changes. be do resign work shout spend steal Her boss.Mr. Rodgersa, ccusedMary (1) money fiom the safe. However, when the real thief was caught,he felt sorry (2) at her in front of her colleagues. No matter how many times he apologized (i) so rude, Mr. Rodgers could not prevent Mary (4) 236","Being an assistant manager is a difficult job. I'm really tired r S r till 7 p.m. during the week, arrangingmeetings.writing reports and dealing with customers. SometimesI even go to the office at weekends Nowadays,I'm so exhaustedthat I do not feel (6) anything. I havealwaysdreamt(7) mv summerholidav in Hawaii. Yesterdaywhen my husbandcame home with two plane tickets to Hawaii, I couldn't believeit. To tell the truth, it was the bestsurpriseI had ever had.You just cannotimagine how much I'm looking forward (8) there.I'm happy that finally my dreamwill cometrue. 231","13.CONNECTIVES 13.1EXPRESSINGCAUSEAND EFFECT USINGSO\/ SUCH... THAT Rewritethe following without changingthe meaning.Usethe clueswheregiven. l. I wasworriedaboutmy examsI. decidedto stayathomeandstudy. (so\/that) 2. His excusewas silly . I didn'tacceptit. He madesuch 3. The book was very interestingI. finishedit in one day. It (such\/that) 4. He is very hardworking,so he neverfails his examinations. He is such 5. The performancewas very successfuland the audienceapplaudedfor fifteen minutes. t,. 6. He was a very successfusl tudent.He graduatedin only threeyears. (so\/that) Martha startedcrying. 7. Hearingthe bad news,Martha startedcrying. It (such\/that) 8. The cakewas very delicious.Sheatethreepieces. The cakewas (so\/that) 9. Therewas a very densefog. The driverscouldn'tseeanything. It was (such\/that) 10. The party was very dull so the guestsleft early. It (such\/that) I l. He was driving too fast. He couldn'tstopat the red light. He (so\/that) 238","13.2EXPRESSINGPURPOSEUSING SO THAT,IN ORDERTO AND BECAUSE A. Usebecauseor sothat andmatch the letterswith the numbers. eg. We had to use candles becauseK. l. Johnis goingto Paris Z. The army is changingsomerules 3. The parliamentpasseda new law 4. Mary got a newjob 5. Richardhasboushta dishwasher 6. Susanhassot contactlenses '7. We haveto learnEnglish 8. I am trying to savemoney 9. Sallywent shoppingyesterday 10. We plantedsomerosesin the garden A. Women can becomesoldiers. B. We canget a betterjob. C. Shewasn'thappywith her old one. D. He wantsto practicehis French. E. She wanted to buy a new dressfor the party. F. Governmentofficeswon't wastemoney. G. My motherlovesthem. H. I canbuy a new carnextyear. L Shecan't useglassesin thelab. J. His wife won't haveto spendso much time in the kitchen. K. The electricity went off. B. Complete\/ Rewrite the following without changing the meaning. Use the clues where given. l. As they do not want to leavefingerprints,mostthieveswear gloves. Most thieveswearglovesso that 2. EatsomethingO. therwiseyoumightfeelhungryduringtheexam. Eat somethinsso that 3. You should handle the saucepancarefully becauseotherwiseyour hand might get burnt. burnt. You (sothat) 239","4. Mrs. Williams had a nervousbreakdownbecauseher husbanddied suddenlv. Becauseof 5. Peopledo bungeejumping asa way of bringing someexcitementinto their lives. Peopledo bungeejumpingsoasto 6. I didn't tell him the restof the story.I didn't want to causeanv trouble. (so asto) 7. Strict measuresshould be taken so that rare speciesare not overhunted ( s oa st o ) C. Rewrite these sentencesusing so that. l. Be quiet!I wantto hearwhatSharonis saying. 2. Last week Mary and Janehired a baby-sitter.They wanted to be able to go to a dinner party. 3. YesterdayI put the meatin the oven at 5:00. I wantedit to be ready by 6:30. 4. She casheda chequeyesterday.She wantedto make surethat she had enougli monev to go shopping. 5. They hurried.They didn't want to be latefor the meeting. 6. We locked the door. We wantedto be safe. 7. I speededup. I wantedto overtakethe car in front of me. 8. Standup. I cannotseeyou. 9. Pleaseturn up the radio.I want to listento the news,too. 240","10. The governmentwantedto build new blocksof flats.Therefore,they pulled down the old ones. 11. Anne tied a string around her finger becauseshe didn't want to forget to take the booksshehad borrowedbackto the library. 12, All motor vehiclesshoulduseunleadedpetrol so asto reduceair pollution. 13. Turndownthemusicbecaustehebabyis sleeping. D. Completethe sentences. 1. Theyarrivedearlyin orderto 2 . in ordernot to catchgermsfrom their patients. 3. We decidedto build a bridge so that 4. We had to book ticketsfor the performancebecause 5. We've installedcleanair equipmentso asnot to 6. I'll get to the point straight-awaybecause E. Give reasonsusingin orderto, sothat and because eg.Janesoldher car and bought a bicycle in orderto savemonev. sothatshewouldn'tsetstuckin traffic iams. b e c a u s ep e t r o lb e c a m ev e m e x o e n s i v e . 1. Peterboughta housein the country 2. Mary decidedto join a dramaclub 3. Bill decidedto retireearlY 241","4. Joannestoppedsmoking 5. Vince wantsto buy a comDuter aAa","14.EMPHATIC STRUCTURES 14.1CLEFT SENTENCES A. Rewriteeachremark asa cleft sentenceU. sethe words given. 1. The\\\"Sunflowersw\\\" aspaintedby VanGogh,notby Gaugin. , notGaugin It 2. David neverapologizesfor his mistakes.I can'tstandthat abouthim. What 3. I got to the bookstoreandthenI realizedthat I didn't haveany money. It (until) 4. Bennetton'sadvertisemenrtasiseawarenesasboutglobalissuesa, ndI like that. The thing 5. \\\"Exodus\\\" was sungby Bob Marley, not by Geldof. , notBob Geldof. It 6. Computersrarelywork properly,which I hate. The thing B. Rewrite the following statementsby changing the focus of information in each so that the focus is on the underlined section. 1. He wantsto -qetmarried. What 2. (41e wore her bestdressto the party lastnight It 3. Kate wore her bestdressto the party lastnight. II 4. Kate wore her bestdressto the party lastnight. It 5. Kate wore her bestdressto the party lastnight. It 6. The closecontactwith the customersmakesthejob interesting. What 7\\\" I only want l0 minutes'rest. All 243","8. I sawsomethingvery appealing. my creditcards. What ; it'syou 9. Hisinconsistensctyoppeuds. What 10. I don't understanwd hv he boasts. What I l. Dorothyisn't themanagerM; ary is. It 12.I didn'tlosemy purseI; lostmy creditcards. It I 3. I haven'tbeento Europe;I havebeento India. It 14. He isn't studyingengineeringh;e'sstudyingeconomics It t5. I am not crazytyou are! It 16. You don't needencouragementy;ou needdetermination. It 17. Shedoesn'tloveysu; shelovesBill. It I 8. I needa pen. What 19. I likethewayshetreatspeople. What 20. I hatehis attitude. What 21. Joggingkeepsmefir What 22. Chtldrenusually suffer the most after a war. It 244"]