202110245-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G08-PART1

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING 1.2 Terminology 1. Minerals: A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and abiogenic in origin. A mineral has one specific chemical composition represented by a chemical formula, usually has an ordered atomic structure. 2. Underground Mining: We can build underground tunnels to mine minerals that lie very deep. This is called underground mining. 3. Open pit mining: Just making a large pit and keep extracting the minerals is called open pit or open cast mining. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Narrate the difference in requirement of labour in mine while using machines and human labour. [Refer to TB page 74 Q3] A. Machines have reduced human labour in almost all industries and mining is not an exception. A single ma- chine can perform a task which would require many human labourers. For example –In Singareni Coalfields (SCCL), coal is transported through conveyor belts. Earlier, miners had to physically load the coal onto small wagons which carried coal. Now, dumper machines load coal onto the conveyor belts which carry the coal to the ground level. Machines have also made human labourers’ life easy because they require less human labour. However they have contributed in unemployment too. Thousands of labourers became unemployed because they are not needed now. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the para under the heading ‘To whom do the minerals belong’ and answer the following: The minerals do not belong to any particular person but they belong to all people. How do you justify? [Refer to TB page 74 Q5] A. Minerals are natural resources. They usually occur deep in the earth. They cannot be considered anyone’s private property. As no one can claim ownership of trees and plants that cover the earth, in the same way minerals of the earth do not belong to any person or particular group of people. All the things inside the earth and on its surface have been created by nature. All the people on earth have equal access to it without any preconditions. Information Skills Q1. Prepare a table showing different minerals and their uses. [Refer to TB page 74 Q8] SESSION 1. CLASSIFICATION OF RESOURCES: 99

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING A. Mineral Its Uses Iron Ore It is mainly used in steel, pellitization, sponge iron, pig iron industries. Mica It is used extensively in electrical and electronic industry. Lime It is used in cement, carbide, iron and steel, soda ash, chemical, sugar, paper, Stone fertilizer, glass industries. Granite It is used in cutting and polishing industry, decorative panels, monuments, flooring panels. Manganese It is used in potassium permanganate, ferro alloys, iron and steel, batteries, chemicals, ceramic, glass industry. Barytes Barium (extracted from Barytes) are used for industrial and medical purposes. Barytes is also used in drilling deep holes for petroleum and natural gas. Feldspar It is one of the raw materials used in making of glass and ceramic ware (like wash basins etc). Mapping Skills Q1. See the map of Telangana showing minerals in this chapter and identify the minerals found in your district. [Refer to TB page 74 Q4] SESSION 1. CLASSIFICATION OF RESOURCES: 100

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING A. Our state has a rich and wide variety of minerals suitable for specific mineral industries. Telangana state is a house of various minerals, especially coal, iron ore, limestone, dolomite, manganese, quartz, feldspar, clays, barites, uranium, black and colour granites, marble etc. Identify your district in the map above, find out the symbols in your district and note down the names of minerals as indicated in the legend below the map. Telangana is the only state in Southern India that contains vast deposits of coal and is mined by Singareni Collieries Company Limited. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. How are minerals helping the country in development? [Refer to TB page 74 Q7] A. Minerals are helping the country’s development in following ways: • It is helping country in manufacturing sector for creating goods and services. • It helps to generate revenue by exporting minerals which are surplus in country. • It helps in attracting investors across the world to set up industries in country. SESSION 1. CLASSIFICATION OF RESOURCES: 101

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING • It fulfills country’s energy demands. 1.4 Key Concepts i. Environmentalists differentiate between two kinds of resources: renewable and non–renewable. ii. Most minerals are available in limited quantity. These are exhausted when utilized frequently. For eg. coal, copper, iron, gold, silver, mercury etc. iii. Telangana is very rich in mineral resources. It is a large producer of coal, iron ore, limestone etc. iv. Minerals can be taken out for use by humans through a process of mining or digging the earth. v. There are several ways of mining –we can make a large pit and keep extracting the minerals or we can build underground tunnels to mine minerals that lie very deep. vi. Just as we use a well or drill a tubewell to get mineral water, we can drive very deep tubewells to get crude oil or natural gas. vii. Most of the mining practices result in disturbing the surface area, it can mean cutting down forests, destroying fields and habitations, creating large pits or mounds. viii. Mining also pollutes the nearby rivers and water resources, such as tanks, streams etc. ix. Mining employs a large number of people. It thus provides livelihood for nearly ten lakh people in India and over one lakh people in Telangana. x. Minerals in fact do not belong to any particular owner but belong to all people of the country and have to be used in everyone’s interest. SESSION 1. CLASSIFICATION OF RESOURCES: 102

SESSION 2 MINERALS AND MINING – SINGARENI COAL FIELDS: A CASE STUDY 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Renewable resources: A renewable resource is a natural resource which can replenish itself with the passage of time, either through biological reproduction or other naturally recurring processes. 2. Non–renewable resources: A non–renewable resource is one which cannot be reproduced, grown, generated, or used on a scale which can sustain its consumption rate. 3. Coal: Coal is a combustible black or brownish–black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. 4. Barytes: Barytes or barite (BaSo4 ) is a mineral consisting of barium sulphate. The Barytes group consists of barite, celestine, anglesite and anhydrite. 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Draw a flow chart showing the visit to the underground mining. [Refer to TB page 74 Q1] SESSION 2. SINGARENI COAL FIELDS: A CASE STUDY 103

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING A. Q2. Look at the image below. There are two different statements made by two different people. What aspect of mining are they talking about? [Refer to TB page 74 Q6] SESSION 2. SINGARENI COAL FIELDS: A CASE STUDY 104

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING A. In the above picture two persons are talking to each other. Among them one is a common man and another one is a mining contractor. The common man says “we cannot live because of minerals”, but the mining contractor says “we cannot live without minerals”. In this context they made two different statements. The common man suffers a lot because of mining in nearby villages. They face many health problems, livelihood problems, environmental problems. So, he said that he cannot live because of minerals. The mining contractors get more profits by extracting and selling minerals in mines. They get financial benefits out of mining so he said that he couldn’t live without minerals. Information Skills Q1. Create a table to classify major health challenges, precautions and care taken towards protecting mine workers: 1. While working in the mines 2. While being employed. [Refer to TB page 74 Q2] A. While working in the mines While being employed Major health challenges Because of dust, smoke in Other employees are facing the mines, workers frequently health problems like high facing so many health blood pressure, diabetes etc. problems. For example diseases of lungs, kidneys, cancers, heart problems, skin allergies etc. Precautions Mining employees should These employees need not take health precautions. For take any special precautions. example wearing masks, But they have to take gloves and shoes, getting nutritional food. Doing regular health checkups for every 6 physical exercise is important. months / 1 year. Care taken towards protection Safety measures should be Other employees need not taken in the mines to prevent take any precautions while accidents which occur working. Because they work frequently. Wearing helmets in safe places. that can give light. Announcement should be done before conducting blasting in mines. Other safety measures suggested by the security personnel should also be followed. SESSION 2. SINGARENI COAL FIELDS: A CASE STUDY 105

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING 2.4 Key Concepts i. In 1970s the government took over all the mines. It owned and operated most of the mines and sold the minerals to various factories or traders or exported them. ii. A New National Mineral Policy was announced in 1993, and the government allowed private companies to lease mines and operate them. iii. The companies were to pay a royalty to the government for the minerals they extracted and sold. iv. Director General of the Mines Safety monitors the safety aspects and periodical medical examinations. Employees below 45 years will have thorough routine checkups every 5 years. Employees above 45 years will have thorough routine checkups every 3 years. v. Mangampeta is in YSR Kadapa district has one of the largest reserves of barytes. vi. These are extensive coal deposits in the four districts of Khammam, Karimnagar, Adilabad and Warangal. These mines are operated by the Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL). vii. SCCL is currently operating 15 open cast and 35 underground mines in 4 districts of Telangana. viii. Barytes available in the upper layers is of lower grade while those mined from a depth are of higher grade. Quality is determined by the grain size of the stone. ix. Everyday 16,000 tons of waste material and 3,000 tons of barytes are mined and transported. x. It is always a risk to go down as accidents may occur. A tunnel may collapse or get flooded by water or there can be fire and suffocation due to poisonous gases. SESSION 2. SINGARENI COAL FIELDS: A CASE STUDY 106

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Medium grade iron ore a. Vikarabad ii. Float iron deposits b. Karimnagar iii. Low grade iron ore c. Bayyaram Reserve Forests iv. Tan brown granite d. Mahabubabad v. Tandur blue lime stone e. Manchiryal and Peddapalli 2. Match the following. Column B Column A a. Sattupally i. Coal layer ii. Coal drilling area b. conveyor belts iii. Coal c. coal seam iv. Waste material deposited d. JVR open cast mine v. Coal transported e. face 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) Which state is a home of various minerals? CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING 107

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING (ii) Name the minerals found in Telangana state. (iii) Which stone flooring usage is famous in south India? (iv) Where do you find coal deposits in Telangana state? CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING 108

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING (v) Where are uranium deposits found in Telangana? (vi) Expand SCCL. (vii) What is open cast mining? CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING 109

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING (viii) Why do accidents occur in coal fields? (ix) What do you know about underground mining? (x) Write any one facility provided by SCCL for the workers. CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING 110

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) is a shiny mineral. (xii) the government of India took over all mines. (xiii) is used in drilling deep holes for petroleum and natural gas. (xiv) A new national mineral policy was announced in . (xv) is one of the raw materials used for making of glass and ceramic wares. (xvi) The only gold mine in India, the gold field had to be closed done. (xvii) Aluminum is extracted from . (xviii) Barium is extracted from . (xix) Before independence mines were mostly owned and operated by and . (xx) Low grade scattered iron are deposits are in . Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What are the problems of open cast mining? CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING 111

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING (ii) What do you know about the Singareni coal fields? (iii) Why are safety and health checkups required for coal workers? Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Define mineral. How are minerals useful to any state or a country? CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING 112

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING (ii) How do you identify new trends in mining industries? (iii) Can you distinguish between renewable and non–renewable resources of energy with examples? AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Mineral wealth is considered as the property of the government. Support this statement. CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING 113

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on the Telangana map: i. Bayyaram ii. Tandur iii. Sattupally iv. Khammam v. Karimnagar vi. Adilabad vii. Warangal viii. Nalgonda ix. Rangareddy x. Pulicharla CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING 114

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING 115

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING (ii) Study the map and answer the following questions: i) What are the important minerals identified in the above map? 116 ii) In which district do you find all the minerals? iii) In which place is Rangareddy Shabhad store found? iv) Name the minerals found in Medak? v) Name the district where there are no minerals? CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING (iii) Observe the images and answer the following questions. i. Which instrument is seen in the image on the left? 117 ii. What do you see in the image on the right? iii. What are the people doing in the bottom left picture? iv. Where do you find explosives? v. Why do they use this? CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 9. Choose the correct answer. (i) is an example of renewable resource. (B) Manganese (A) Petrol (C) Gold (D) Wood (ii) is an example of non–renewable resource. (A) Wood (B) Plastic (C) Coal (D) Sunlight (iii) Which of the following is a heat resistant mineral? (A) Iron (B) Mica (C) Coal (D) Gold (iv) The mineral used in electrical and electronic industries is (A) Mica (B) Iron (C) Manganese (D) Lime stone (v) The mineral used for making stainless steel utensils is (A) Iron (B) Chrome (C) Manganese (D) Zinc (vi) The National Mineral Policy was announced in the year (A) 1991 (B) 1992 (C) 1993 (D) 1995 CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING 118

CHAPTER 6-MINERALS AND MINING (vii) Singareni Collieries Company Ltd. belongs to the state of (A) Bihar (B) Andhra Pradesh (C) Tamil Nadu (D) Telangana (viii) Where is the Tan Brown Granite deposit in Telangana? (A) Karimnagar (B) Nagpur (C) Chennai (D) Hyderabad (ix) Where is Jalagam Vengal Rao open cast mine located? (A) Khammam (B) Adilabad (C) Warangal (D) Hyderabad (x) Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) was purchased by the Nizam of Hyderabad in (A) 1911 (B) 1845 (C) 1720 (D) 1920 CHAPTER 6. MINERALS AND MINING 119

SESSION 1 7. MONEY AND BANKING 1.1 Mind Map MONEY AND BANKING – MONEY 1.2 Terminology 1. Barter: Barter is a system of exchange by which goods or services are directly exchanged for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money. 2. Forms of money: Money is any object or record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a given socio–economic context or country. Money is in various forms. They are metal coins, paper currency, cheque, credit and debit cards. 1.3 Key Concepts i. In a barter system, goods are directly exchanged with each other without the use of money. ii. In exchange of some goods, problems have been raised in barter system. Hence, the barter system was gradually replaced by metal coins. iii. Over time, people preferred scarce and attractive metals as a medium of exchange. Copper, bronze, silver and gold are durable, can be divided into parts and be carried around. SESSION 1. MONEY 120

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING iv. Minting coins of standard size, weight and purity from the royal mint was started under supervision of the kings. v. In the Roman period “besant”, a gold coin, was the standard currency and in the Mauryan period “pana” a silver coin was the standard currency vi. The early bankers in India such as Jagatseths of Bengal, Shahs of Patna, Arunji Nathji of Surat, Chettiars of Madras enjoyed such wealth and reputation that their receipts — paper money called hundis were accepted throughout the country and outside as well. vii. In 1606, Amsterdam was a major trading centre in Europe. Here, there were 846 silver and gold coins recognized by the government that could be accepted for exchange. SESSION 1. MONEY 121

SESSION 2 MONEY AND BANKING – BANKING 2.1 Terminology 1. Deposits: Deposits refer to the money that people keep in banks. There are different types of deposits. 2. Savings: Savings is income not spent or deferred consumption. Methods of saving include putting money aside in a bank or pension plan. 2.2 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. In what ways have cheques made exchange of money more convenient? [Refer to TB page 87 Q2] A. 1) Cheques are issued to account holders by banks. 2) Account holders use these cheques for their own needs or to make payments to others through cheques. 3) By using these cheques, account holders can make payments without cash. 4) They can organize their financial activities without any difficulty by using cheques. 5) They do not have to go to the bank and withdraw cash to make payment whenever it is necessary. They just need to issue a cheque to pay the amount to any individual or any firm. Q2. Only a part of the total deposits is kept as cash in the bank–safe. Why is this so and how does this benefit the bank? [Refer to TB page 87 Q3] A. A bank is a business enterprise. It has to pay interest to its depositors, pay salary to its employees, has to buy and maintain equipment, pay rent and bear all the cost of running a bank and also make profit. Deposits are the source through which money saved by people comes into the bank. As long as the depositors trust that the bank will pay them their money on demand, people don’t rush to withdraw their deposit as cash. Many people withdraw money at the beginning of the month. If the depositors are farmers, there will be a greater demand for cash during certain seasons (rainy season). Hence over time, banks realized that they require only a small proportion of the deposits so that they can always keep the promise of payment on demand. The trust is maintained if people can withdraw their money as cash or use bank deposits for payments. Q3. If many loans are written off (that is, borrowers are not required to pay back the money) how will this affect the working of the bank? [Refer to TB page 87 Q4] A. Now–a–days governments write off agricultural loans given by the nationalized banks, rural banks and co–operative banks. This means the farmers who borrow the money from the above banks for agricultural purposes are not required to repay the loan amount. This will affect the working of the bank in a negative way. Because of this, banks may fall into losses. If the total loan amount which was written off by the SESSION 2. BANKING 122

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING government is given to the banks it will benefit banks, otherwise it affects the bank’s working. Q4. Can there be any difficulties or disadvantages in keeping money in a bank? Think and write. [Refer to TB page 87 Q1] A. Keeping our savings in a bank is beneficial for us. There is no difficulty or disadvantages in such an activity. Safety and security is guaranteed for our money in a bank and we are also paid some interest on our savings. 2.3 Key Concepts i. In the present system all banks and most of their branches are linked by computers. All deposit holder accounts and their signatures can be accessed by the branches anywhere. ii. In most banks human and manual teller counters are being replaced by the Automated Teller Machine (ATM). iii. Banking activity is being done with computers, internet and other electronic means of communication which is called as electronic banking or Internet banking. iv. In just a few clicks, one can access their account and transfer funds, pay bills etc. People with hectic sched- ules prefer internet banking. v. A fixed deposit or a term deposit cannot be withdrawn from the bank for a fixed period of time. SESSION 2. BANKING 123

SESSION 3 MONEY AND BANKING – LOANS 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology 1. Loan: In finance, a loan is a debt evidenced by a note which specifies among other things, the principle amount, interest rate and date of repayment. 2. Interest: Interest is a fee paid by a borrower of assets to the owner as a form of compensation for the use of the assets. 3. Cheque: A cheque is a document that orders a payment of money from a bank account. 3.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. People have to pay a higher interest on loan than the interest they receive on a fixed deposit for the same time period. Why do you think this is so? [Refer to TB page 87 Q7] A. Usually the rate of interest paid by banks on fixed deposits is less than the rate of interest received by the banks from the borrowers for the different types of loans. So, people have to pay a higher interest on a loan than the interest they received on a fixed deposit for the same time period. It is because the banks have SESSION 3. LOANS 124

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING to meet number of expenses such as paying salary to its employees, buying and maintaining equipment, paying rent and bearing all the costs of running a bank. They have to make profit too. If the rates of interest on loans are not more than the rates of interest on all deposits in the banks, banks will definitely be in loss and they may become bankrupt. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the paragraphs under the header ‘Types of Loans’ and answer the following: what sort of loans are more common in your area? [Refer to TB page 87 Q5] A. The following loans are more common in our area: 1. Home loans 2. Vehicle loans 3. Agricultural loans 4. Gold loans 5. Personal loans 6. Business loans 7. Industrial loans 8. Educational loans 9. SHG loans 10. Marriage loans 11. Loans against property 12.˙Mortgage loans Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Suppose, this year the rainfall is poor and the crop yield is only half as much as was originally expected. Some people say that if this happens the farmers should be asked to pay back only half the amount they have taken as loans. However, other people say that full amount should be repaid, keeping in view the next year’s crop. In your opinion what should the bank do and why? [Refer to TB page 87 Q6] A. 1) If in a year rains are poor, that year is called drought year. 2) In a drought year the crop yield is less than what was originally expected. 3) Some parts of country suffer more and yield of agriculture crops is very less, so the farmers cannot repay their loan amount. 4) So, in this situation, the total loan amount should be written off by the government. 5) In case of partially drought-struck areas, it is better to write off at least half of the total loan amount. 6) It encourages farmers to cultivate crops next year. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Do you feel that the loans taken from SHGs are helpful to the members? How? [Refer to TB page 87 Q8] A. The loans taken from SHGs are helpful to the members in following ways: 1) The members in SHGs get loans from banks on very low rate of interest through the SHG loans. SESSION 3. LOANS 125

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING 2) They do not have to keep any assets as security. 3) The group will ensure that loans are paid back by its members. 4) The women, who are members in SHGs, utilize these loan amounts to establish productive activities such as running cottage industries, involving in government bidding and sanctioning some contract works, running retail shops and so on. By doing these activities poor women try to get out of poverty. 5) These SHG loans particularly help in empowering women in the rural areas. 3.4 Key Concepts i. Banks give loans to people. People will pay back these loans with interest. Banks also give loans to government and earn some interest. ii. Different people can obtain loans for different requirements under some rules and conditions of the bank. SESSION 3. LOANS 126

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What is a debit card? 2. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What kinds of facilities are provided by RBI to minor persons? (ii) Banks maintain various types of accounts. How many types do you know ? 127 Long Answer Type Questions 3. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. CHAPTER 7. MONEY AND BANKING

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING (i) Why banks are important? (ii) What are the functions of commercial banks? CHAPTER 7. MONEY AND BANKING 128

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Short Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following questions. Paper money has also defect, it will tear and get dirt. So, there is an idea of using Plastic material for notes. i. What will be benefit of plastic notes ? ii. Does the value of money will be affected? AS3-Information Skills Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) CHAPTER 7. MONEY AND BANKING 129

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING Observe the image of Rs 2000 note of Indian currency and answer the following questions. i. On behalf of whose signature, this note has been issued? ii. What is his name? Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following question. When trading became widespread, more good were bought and sold. They were transported over long distances. In such circumstances, us of some form money evolved in all societies. Over a time, people preferred scarce and attractive metals as a medium of exchange, copper, bronze, etc. They were durable. i. Why metals were preferred for use as money? ii. What problems were there with metal coins? CHAPTER 7. MONEY AND BANKING 130

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING (ii) Observe the image and compare it with original note of Rs. 2000, after that write down the security features for the currency. CHAPTER 7. MONEY AND BANKING 131

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Why do you think barter system is not convenient now–a–days? 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. 132 (i) What so you understand by mobile banking? CHAPTER 7. MONEY AND BANKING

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on the map of the World. a) Rome b) Amsterdam CHAPTER 7. MONEY AND BANKING 133

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING (ii) Read the following picture and answer the following questions. i) Whose name is mentioned in the model cheque? 134 ii) When was the cheque issued? iii) Which bank is mentioned on the cheque? iv) What is the account number mentioned in the cheque? v) Why the cheque is crossed? CHAPTER 7. MONEY AND BANKING

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Imagine if we don’t have money and banks, what will happen? (ii) Do you think, internet banking is useful? 135 CHAPTER 7. MONEY AND BANKING

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 11. Choose the correct answer. (i) In some areas of______ district, children exchange toys made of bamboo for rice. (A) Srikakulam (B) Medak (C) Adilabad (D) Hyderabad (ii) If we use money, there will be no problem in . (A) exchanging (B) depositing (C) buying (D) withdrawing (iii) by itself may have no use. (B) Service (A) Commodity (C) Gold (D) Money (iv) became the acceptable form of money by traders. (A) Gold (B) Coins (C) Silver (D) Copper (v) Which of the following is not a digital payment option? (A) NEFT (B) IMPS (C) Cheque (D) UPI CHAPTER 7. MONEY AND BANKING 136

CHAPTER 7-MONEY AND BANKING (vi) The early bankers in India used as money. (A) Paper (B) Gold coin (C) Silver coin (D) Bronze (vii) In 1606, was a major trading centre in Europe. (A) Berlin (B) Paris (C) Madrid (D) Amsterdam (viii) Banking is a activity. (A) commercial (B) business (C) service (D) political (ix) In basic saving bank deposit account, account holders are allowed maximum withdrawals, including ATM withdrawals per month. (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 2 (x) People with hectic schedule prefer . (A) credit cards (B) ATM (C) Internet banking (D) debit cards CHAPTER 7. MONEY AND BANKING 137

8. IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS SESSION 1 IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS – TECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE 1.1 Mind Map SESSION 1. TECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE 138

CHAPTER 8-IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS 1.2 Terminology 1. Technology: The word technology refers to the making, modification, usage and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems and methods of organization in order to solve a problem, improve a pre–existing solution to problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation to perform a specific function. 2. Invention: An invention is a unique or novel device method, composition or process. It may be an improvement upon a machine or product or a new process for creating an object/a result. 3. Irrigation facilities: Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes and revegetation of distributed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Narahari created the following list of activities where technology is not used. Do you agree with him? If not, give reasons for your answer. a) While singing a song b) While cooking idli c) While performing drama on the stage d) While making garland for sale. [Refer to TB page 98 Q1] A. a) There is no technology involved in singing a song. b) But in cooking idli there is an old steam technology involved. In this technology steam is used to cook idli. c) While performing drama on the stage there is no involvement of technology. d) No technology is used even in making garland. Information Skills Q1. Mallaiah is a farmer in Sripuram village. There are about 100 houses in the village. Today all the work like planting, weeding, harvesting, spraying pesticides and fertilizers is done by machines. In olden days it was all done manually. There are more than 33 tractors and about 15 harvesters available in his village. A few of them are given on hire. The owners of the tractors charge 300 per hour for tilling the fields. More and more farmers are now using these machines in their fields. Based on this information create a wall paper with illustrations and possible discussions between different groups of people in the village. (Project) A. i) Farmer: I need a tractor on rent by tomorrow. Tractor owner: Why? Farmer: To plough my field. Tractor owner: How many acres of land do you have? Farmer: 10 acres of land. Tractor owner: Rent is 400/- rupees per hour, do you agree? Farmer: I can’t pay 400/- rupees, I can only pay 300/- per hour. Tractor owner: O.K. SESSION 1. TECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE 139

CHAPTER 8-IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS Farmer: Can you send your tractor early morning tomorrow? Tractor owner: If you want it right now, you may take my tractor, but pay Rs. 2000/- as advance. Farmer: O.K. I will pay it right now. ii) Farmer: I need a Harvester in this week only for one day. Harvester owner: On which day do you want it, just clarify, because out of my 5 harvesters 3 have gone on work for one week. Farmer: I need it on Wednesday. Harvester owner: The rent for harvester is Rs.1500/- per hour. Do you agree? Farmer: Can you please reduce the rent amount? Harvester owner : Only this time, our Harvesters are in demand. Okay, pay Rs. 1400/ - per hour. 1.4 Key Concepts i. The members in SHG’s get loans from banks on very low rate of interest through SHG loans. ii. These loans are very helpful to them. iii. The women, who are members in SHG’s utilize these loan amounts to establish productive activities such as running cottage industries, involving in government bidding and sanctioning some contract works, running retail shops and so on. By doing these activities poor women try to get out of poverty. iv. These SHG loans help in empowerment of women particularly in the rural areas. v. Henry Ford of USA started the assembly line method of production to produce more cars quickly. vi. Technology is not always welcomed. People are afraid that they would lose their jobs due to the machines. vii. After Independence the government began building dams and providing irrigation facilities by encouraging the use of tubewells, pump sets that were run on electricity or diesel to draw water. viii. Use of modern technology in agriculture helped farmers produce more food grains and other goods. Farmers are able to get more yields in the same area cultivated. ix. Use of Combine Harvest helps in timely harvest of paddy. It takes less time, reduces the crop loss and helps farmers to tackle the peak-time labour shortage. x. Extensive farm mechanization is leading to displacement of labourers. Agricultural labourers and farmers working on others fields lose out to machines used in the farm. SESSION 1. TECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE 140

SESSION 2 IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS – TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY: 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Fertilizers and Pesticides: Fertilizers are the chemical nutrients which enhance the yield of the crop in agriculture sectors. Pesticides are a pest control product that uses chemical formulae. 2. Agricultural operations: All the activities from ploughing the fields to the harvest of crop are called agriculture activities. 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Describe how the situation of labour has changed in powerlooms and mills. Do you think this change is beneficial to the labourers or to the owner? Give reasons for your answer. [Refer to TB page 98Q2] SESSION 2. TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY: 141

CHAPTER 8-IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS A. 1) The British introduced powerloom production in India. 2) When the mills started making clothes, the demand for the handloom weavers’ clothes dropped. 3) Handloom workers faced problems due to reduced demand for handloom-made cloth. 4) In 1940s there were only 40,000 powerlooms. Now nearly 5 lakh powerloom units run with 23 lakh looms in India. 5) There are certain problems to the workers in powerlooms. 6) Compared to mills, powerlooms pay a very low salary; workers in powerlooms are paid on piece-rate basis. 7) There is no obligation for powerloom units to provide healthcare, pension or other social security provi- sions. If there is any power-cut, powerloom workers were not given salaries. 8) One study of a powerloom cluster reported in 2008 that food insecurity, malnutrition, anemia and other health-related problems such as tuberculosis, asthma and gynecological illnesses among women, home- less and high dropout rate among children are some of the common challenges confronting powerloom workers.The situation of the labourers working in the powerlooms has changed but they have not benefitted from this change. The actual profit goes to the owners. Q2. What are the advantages of using CHs? Who benefits the most? Why do farmers use CH? [Refer to TB page 98 Q3] A. 1) Combine Harvester (CH) is one of the important machines used for paddy harvest, threshing and winnowing. 2) Use of Combine Harvester helps in timely harvest of paddy. 3) It takes less time, reduces the crop loss and helps farmers to tackle the peak-time labour shortage. 4) It also saves from vagaries of weather in coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. 5) Further, the farmers are able to sow the second crop without much delay. 6) Their dependency on labourers is also reduced. 7) The farmers or cultivators benefit more from Combine Harvester. 8) Because of these benefits, farmers like to use combine harvester instead of using labour. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. The people who live in forests and close to forests cannot afford to use the latest technology. What mea- sures do you suggest for improving their lives? [Refer to TB page 98 Q9] A. The people who live in forests and close to forests are called tribals. Tribals in India are not able to use modern technology because of illiteracy and innocence. There are superstitions, unawareness and illiter- acy among the tribals. To make tribals overcome this situation, the following measures should be followed: i) Schools should be established in tribal areas. ii) The modern technology should be gradually introduced among the tribals. iii) Advanced education and medical facilities should be provided to all the tribals. iv) Tribals should be made to participate in all developmental activities. v) New employment opportunities should be created for the tribals. vi) Government should make sure that all welfare programmes reach the tribals. vii) Tribals should be made to renounce ancient customs and traditions, which have thrown them in back- wardness. SESSION 2. TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY: 142

CHAPTER 8-IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS 2.4 Key Concepts i. The British introduced powerloom production in India. When the mills started making cloth, the demand for the handloom weaver’s cloth dropped. ii. In 1940’s there were only 40,000 powerlooms. Now nearly 5 lakh powerloom units run with 23 lakh looms in India. iii. There is no obligation for powerloom units to provide healthcare, pension or other social security provi- sions. If there is any power–cut powerloom workers are not given salaries. SESSION 2. TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY: 143

SESSION 3 IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS – TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SERVICE SECTOR 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology 1. Service Activities: All the services which are giving boost to the agricultural and industrial sectors, such as transport, information, communication, warehousing, food processing, broadcasting, banking, finance, insurance etc. are called service activities. 3.3 Improve Your Learning Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the paragraph under the heading ‘New Skills and New Jobs’ and answer the following: SESSION 3. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SERVICE SECTOR 144

CHAPTER 8-IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS What are the newly created jobs for young people in your area? [Refer to TB page 98 Q7] A. 1) The telephone/mobile technology has also come up with the need for new skills. 2) It created new jobs for young people to work in multinational companies, producing mobile handsets, telephone booths, mobile sales, repair and recharge/top–up shops. 3) Many companies are being established in India to manufacture handsets. 4) Many call centres have been set up where a lot of young people get jobs. Information Skills Q1. In this chapter, changes in technology in three sectors are discussed. In the following table identify a different example for each of these sectors that is not discussed here: [Refer to TB page 98 Q6] A. Older technology Newer technology Any impact on S. No. Sector livelihood/ amount of 1. Agriculture Cultivators used Nowadays tractors are production/ increase cattle to plough the used to plough the or decrease in human 2. Industry fields fields. effort 3. Service The ploughing work would be completed in time and also in a short period of time. The yield of crop also increased. The machines in Using new technology, Number of labourers is industries were the machines in reduced. There is no controlled by man industries are possibility of manual power usingold controlled by defects in controlling technology. computers. machines. And there is no chance for accidents to the workers. Transport: At present we are Transport has been Bullock carts, using autos, cars, made faster. horse carts are buses, trains, Employment has used in olden days aeroplanes for been generated on a transportation. large scale. SESSION 3. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SERVICE SECTOR 145

CHAPTER 8-IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Prabhavathi feels it is true that telephone technology has changed. She feels that new jobs are available to only educated persons. She also says that many people in India are not literate and hence modern technology is always biased to the educated. Do you agree with her? Give your reasons. [Refer to TB page 98 Q5] A. Prabhavathi’s statement is not wrong. Everyday, the telephone technology is being updated. Landline phones were replaced by mobile phones. In mobile phones also, there are a number of value–added ser- vices being introduced such as text and voice messaging, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), online gaming, data access service, mobile internet, video call service, voice mail etc. As said by Prabhavathi, there are a lot of illiterates in our country. These people are unable to use ad- vanced technology. Educated people are able to use them. Only they are able to work for these products and companies which are related to new scientific technology. That’s why all the jobs related to modern technology are being grabbed by only literate youth. But with minimum knowledge even unskilled labourers are using technology like cellphone and are able to operate combine harvester. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following in the world map: A) England B) USA C) India [Refer to TB page 98 Q8] A. 3.4 Key Concepts i. Technological changes also affect service activities. Services include activities that support agriculture and industries. ii. The changes made in telephone technology has brought down the cost of communication. iii. Private companies continue to expand their share in the telecommunication services. Many companies are being established in India to manufacture handsets. iv. The telephone/mobile technology also came up with the need for new skills. It created new jobs for young people to work in multinational companies, providing handsets, telephone booths, mobile sales, repair and recharge / top–up shops. SESSION 3. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SERVICE SECTOR 146

CHAPTER 8-IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Handlooms ii. 19th century a. Protest against power looms b. Increase in production iii. Technology c. A new machine or method of production iv. Agriculture d. Textile industry v. Invention e. Combine harvesters 2. Match the following. Column B Column A a. The largest employer b. India: 3rd place i. Steam engine c. Agricultural machinery ii. Tractors d. Cooperative societies e. Changed production processes in factories iii. Telecommunication network iv. Agriculture v. Fertilisers and pesticides 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) How are farmers able to sow the second crop without much delay? CHAPTER 8. IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS 147

CHAPTER 8-IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS (ii) What are the problems faced by power loom workers? (iii) How many power looms are there in India at present? (iv) What were the new technologies used in agriculture section to get better yield? CHAPTER 8. IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LIVELIHOODS 148