202110245-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G08-PART1

CHAPTER 16-ABOLITION OF ZAMINDARI SYSTEM (ii) What circumstances made the government to set a ceiling to large landholdings? (iii) Describe the role of West Bengal in the implementation of Land Ceiling Act and why it could not be implemented in our state? CHAPTER 16. ABOLITION OF ZAMINDARI SYSTEM 299

CHAPTER 16-ABOLITION OF ZAMINDARI SYSTEM AS3-Information Skills Long Answer Type Questions 3. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Observe the paragraph and complete the following table: Telangana landlordism and the armed peasant rebellion caused much concern among people in the country. Sarvodaya leader Acharya Vinoba Bhave wanted to solve the problem of land concentration through peaceful means i.e. through Bhoodan Movement. Bhoodan means donating land to the land- less. Vedire Ramachandra Reddy donated 250 acres of land in the memory of his father. The first person to receive the land was Maisaiah. AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What were the biggest challenges faced by the country at the time of Independence, especially in rural areas? CHAPTER 16. ABOLITION OF ZAMINDARI SYSTEM 300

CHAPTER 16-ABOLITION OF ZAMINDARI SYSTEM (ii) In what way was the government successful in using the waste lands held by zamindars? AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on India Map. i. Madras (Chennai) ii. Telangana region iii. Hyderabad iv. Sivaranpally v. West Bengal CHAPTER 16. ABOLITION OF ZAMINDARI SYSTEM 301

CHAPTER 16-ABOLITION OF ZAMINDARI SYSTEM Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 6. Choose the correct answer. (i) The law to abolish Zamindari system was passed in by all the states. (A) 1900 (B) 1950s (C) 1946 (D) 1947 (ii) Zamindars would be the owners of their own . (A) Village (B) State (C) Municipality (D) Khudkasht (iii) Government took over the waste and forest lands held by . (A) Zamindars (B) Governors (C) Collectors (D) Veltis (iv) On April 18, 1951 Vinoba started the _______ Movement. (A) Bhoodan (B) Tenancy (C) Madras Estate (D) Land abolition (v) Hyderabad Tenancy Act was passed in 1950 protecting all types of . (A) Tenants (B) Zamindars (C) Farmers (D) Landlords (vi) means donating lands to the landless. (A) Khudkasht (B) Sarf–e–khas (C) Firmana (D) Bhoodan (vii) Vinoba Bhave came to Sivarampally near Hyderabad as a part of ________ Movement. (A) Sarvodaya (B) Swedish (C) Landlords (D) Civil disobedience CHAPTER 16. ABOLITION OF ZAMINDARI SYSTEM 302

CHAPTER 16-ABOLITION OF ZAMINDARI SYSTEM (viii) Vedire Ramchandra Reddy donated 250 acres in ________ Movement. (A) Vetti (B) Bhoodan (C) Jagirdari (D) Quit India (ix) Bhoodan movement was later converted into ___________ movement. (A) Kisan sabha (B) Land ceiling (C) Gramdan (D) Sarvodaya (x) Land Ceiling Act came into implementation in Andhra Pradesh in (A) January 1975 (B) February 1975 (C) August 1975 (D) June 1980 CHAPTER 16. ABOLITION OF ZAMINDARI SYSTEM 303

17. UNDERSTANDING POVERTY SESSION 1 UNDERSTANDING POVERTY – POVERTY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS 1.1 Terminology 1. Undernourishment: The children whose mental growth is slow due to deficiency in nutrition. 2. Agricultural growth: Refers to higher produce and growth in farm income 3. Directive principles: Official instructions or guiding principles to state for welfare of the people 4. Public works: Programmes which are useful to public 1.2 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Which of the following statement/statements in the context of poverty as chronic hunger is true: [Refer to TB page 204 Q1] a. having food only once a day b. having food below the required calorie c. person driving the harvester and person ploughing the field require same calorie of food d. person ploughing the field requires more calorie than shop owner e. hunger also affects the persons immune system A. Person ploughing the field requires more calorie than shop owner. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the first two paragraphs under the title “The Struggle towards ‘the Right to Life”’ on page 201 and 202 and comment on them. [Refer to TB page 204 Q4] A. Student Activity. 1.3 Key Concepts i. More than 50 percent of people in India still depend upon agricultural activities for their livelihood. ii. Ramachari worked as a carpenter in a village in Nalgonda district. iii. Farmers paid for his service with paddy. Each gave him 70 kilograms a year. iv. Trouble started when agriculture operations began to change. The coming of 12 tractors in the village reduced work. v. Who do not get sufficient food to eat, become sick and face chronic hunger. vi. The national calorie standard was established as 2400 Kcal and 2100 Kcal per day for rural and urban areas respectively. vii. One way to find out if adults are undernourished is to calculate what nutrition scientists call Body Mass Index. SESSION 1. POVERTY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS 304

SESSION 2 UNDERSTANDING POVERTY – ELIMINATION OF POVERTY 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Social audit: This is a process of reviewing official records and determining whether state reported expenditures reflect the actual amounts of money spent on the ground. 2. Below poverty line: People who cannot meet basic requirement are considered as below poverty line. 3. Public distribution system: It is a system by government to supply food grains through ration shops. SESSION 2. ELIMINATION OF POVERTY 305

CHAPTER 17-UNDERSTANDING POVERTY 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Identify the major reasons for poverty described in the chapter understanding poverty [Refer to TB page 204 Q2] A. Meaning of Poverty: Poverty means a phenomenon in which certain sections of the society are not capable of meeting their basic needs for their livelihood. Reasons for poverty: i. Lack of employment sources ii. Because of seasonal works. iii. Because of huge population. iv. Lack of technical skills and knowledge. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the paragraph under the heading ‘Why poverty? How can it be eliminated?’ and answer the following. What are the other reasons for poverty? [Refer to TB page 204 Q5] A. Meaning: Poverty means a phenomenon in which certain sections of the society are not capable of meeting their livelihood. Reasons for poverty: i. Lack of employment sources. ii. Because of seasonal nature of work. iii. Because of huge population. iv. Lack of technical skills and knowledge. How can it be eliminated: Steps : Here are a few steps that the government must undertake to support agricultural growth: i. Timely distribution of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides by the government so that the farmer does not have to depend on middle men/traders. ii. Small irrigation projects. iii. Timely availability of bank loans at reasonable interest etc. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. What have been the major features in programmes like MNREGA and PDS ? Which aspects of poverty do they try to address? Why are ration shops necessary? [Refer to TB page 204 Q3] SESSION 2. ELIMINATION OF POVERTY 306

CHAPTER 17-UNDERSTANDING POVERTY A. MNREGA aims to provide gainful employment to those who seek work. It becomes a source of income closer home and discourages migration of labour in search of work. PDS compliments other poverty elimi- nation programs. It ensures that people below a certain income level are not deprived of nutritious food. So the two programs together address the problems of unemployment, forced migration, hunger and nutrition. Ration shops are necessary as they play an important part in eliminating hunger and malnutrition among the poor classes. 2.4 Key Concepts i. MNREGA means Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. ii. National Sample Survey is one such survey conducted by the Government of India after every four or five years to know about the economic and social conditions of the people. iii. An amount of consumer expenditure that is required to purchase minimum goods is called poverty line. iv. The system of ration shops distributing food grains and other essential items is known as the Public Distribution System. v. PDS are working very well in the states of Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. vi. BPL means below poverty line. vii. APL means above poverty line. viii. Article 21 refers to right to life. SESSION 2. ELIMINATION OF POVERTY 307

CHAPTER 17-UNDERSTANDING POVERTY —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. 2100 Kcal/day a. Consume food below the calorie standard ii. 80 per cent people in rural areas b. Minimum energy to stay healthy in rural areas iii. 2400 Kcal/day c. Undernourishment iv. Chronic hunger d. Below Poverty Line v. BPL e. Minimum energy to stay healthy 2. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Unemployment a. Fair price ii. Agricultural activities b. 120–180 iii. Average agricultural work days c. Article 41 iv. Right to Work d. Reason of poverty v. Ration Shops e. More than 50 per cent of the 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What is the average calorie intake required for a man per day? (ii) What do you understand by PDS? CHAPTER 17. UNDERSTANDING POVERTY 308

CHAPTER 17-UNDERSTANDING POVERTY (iii) What is the major problem of chronic hunger? (iv) What is the objective of BPL surveys? (v) What is the role of agriculture in influencing the poverty? (vi) Find out what is meant by ‘distress Sale’. (vii) What are the constitutional provisions to remove poverty? (viii) What is the advantage of Midday Meal Scheme? CHAPTER 17. UNDERSTANDING POVERTY 309

CHAPTER 17-UNDERSTANDING POVERTY (ix) What is NREGA? (x) What is the importance of creating water preservation policies in rural areas? 4. Fill in the blanks. (xi) We need to move muscles. (xii) is a way to find out under nourishment in adults. (xiii) is not just painful to bear; it is also destructive. (xiv) In rural areas work is intense. (xv) Energy is measured in . (xvi) Undernourished mothers give birth to children with . (xvii) One teaspoon of oil gives kilocalories. (xviii) children do not grow as quickly as nourished children. (xix) The was established as 2,400 and 2,100 kcal per day for rural and urban areas respectively. (xx) is one of the fall outs of lack of minimum purchasing Power. CHAPTER 17. UNDERSTANDING POVERTY 310

CHAPTER 17-UNDERSTANDING POVERTY Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Define poverty? How can that be eliminated? (ii) Differentiate between national calorie standard for rural and urban areas? CHAPTER 17. UNDERSTANDING POVERTY 311

CHAPTER 17-UNDERSTANDING POVERTY AS3-Information Skills Short Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Observe the graph and answer the following questions. i. What is the average calories intake of persons in the top quarter in the country? ii. Why do you think the calorie intake of the people is low? iii. What is the difference between the top quarter and second quarter in calories? iv. Which organization collects information of calories? v. What do you understand by observing the above graph? CHAPTER 17. UNDERSTANDING POVERTY 312

CHAPTER 17-UNDERSTANDING POVERTY AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) How do you say poverty leads to chronic Hunger? Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) How does poverty lead to the problems of undernourishment? CHAPTER 17. UNDERSTANDING POVERTY 313

CHAPTER 17-UNDERSTANDING POVERTY AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on the given map of India: i. Hyderabad ii. Chennai iii.Nepal iv. Lucknow CHAPTER 17. UNDERSTANDING POVERTY 314

CHAPTER 17-UNDERSTANDING POVERTY AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Appreciate the work of National Sample Survey. Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 11. Choose the correct answer. (i) We get energy from . (A) Sleeping (B) Food (C) Bathing (D) Singing (ii) is measured in kilocalories. (B) Height (A) Heat (D) Energy families. (C) Temperature (B) Rich (D) None of the above (iii) Antyodaya cards are issued to (A) Poor (C) Both A and B CHAPTER 17. UNDERSTANDING POVERTY 315

CHAPTER 17-UNDERSTANDING POVERTY (iv) BPL is a . (A) Seminar (B) Fancy shops (C) Survey (D) None of the above (v) Fair price shops are . (A) Ration shops (B) Fancy shops (C) Super market (D) All of the above (vi) More than per cent people in India depend on agriculture. (A) 20 (B) 50 (C) 40 (D) 30 (vii) Right to life is enshrined in Article ____________. (A) 20 (B) 21 (C) 19 was passed. (D) 18 (viii) In 2005, (B) NAGERG (A) NERGA (C) MNREGA (D) REGAN (ix) people in rural areas consume food which does not supply minimum requirement of calories. (A) 75 per cent (B) 70 per cent (C) 85 per cent (D) 80 per cent (x) The main reason of poverty is . (A) Lack of regular employment (B) Lack of minimum purchasing power (C) Regular crop failure (D) All of the above CHAPTER 17. UNDERSTANDING POVERTY 316

PROJECT BASED QUESTIONS —— Project Based Questions —— (i) Choose any one moderate nationalist leader and one extremist nationalist leader and carry out a com- parative study. Through this study, try to establish whether their backgrounds played a major role in moulding their political ideals. (ii) At the time when India was fighting for her independence there were several other colonies doing the same. Find out at least 2 such countries, their struggle and how similar or different it was from India’s struggle for independence. (iii) Permanent Settlement is also known as Permanent Settlement of Bengal. What was the backdrop against which the settlement was enacted? How was Bengal affected? Draw a comparison for Perma- nent Settlement with two other systems prevalent in India: Ryotwari System and the Mahalwari System. (iv) Create a guideline on the functions of a bank and the facilities offered. The purpose of this guideline will be to educate anybody who is new to the functionalities of a bank. It should be comprehensive enough and can follow the following structure: a) What is a bank? b) What are the different types of accounts? c)What is interest? c) What is a cheque? What are the fields to be filled in a cheque? d) How does a cheque work? e) What is an ATM? f) What is internet banking? Create a checkpoint on how to operateInternet banking. (v) Draw a comparative analysis between the people of the Polar Regions and yourself. The comparison will include points like: lifestyle, food habits, climate, rituals, procurement of basic items etc. Add whichever other points you feel are relevant. (vi) For the following cities find out the average temperature for each month and compare. What is the reason for such variations? What do you notice about the temperature of coastal cities? How are they different from cities situated inland or higher up? a)Vizag b) Hyderabad c) Chennai Project Based Questions 317

PROJECT BASED QUESTIONS d) Mumbai e) Delhi f) Chandigarh g) Lucknow h) Kolkata i) Guwahati j) Bhopal (vii) Select any one state from the following list and draw its physical map. Try and include 15 physical aspects on the map. Use different colors to mark them. a)Telangana b)Andhra Pradesh c) Maharashtra d) Karnataka (viii) Collect pictures of the different seasons in Europe, U.S.A and India. Are the seasons distinctly marked in India as they are in Europe and U.S.A? What is the difference you find between seasons in Europe, U.S.A and India? Why? Create a collage with the images you have collected. (ix) Choose any one moderate nationalist leader and one extremist nationalist leader and carry out a com- parative study. Through this study try to establish whether their backgrounds played a major role in moulding their political ideals. (x) We follow a parliamentary government headed by the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. USA follows a Presidential form of government headed by the President. But they also have a parliamentary known as congress. Differentiate between the systems in India and USA along the following lines: (xi) Interview 5 people from your locality and find out their views on the basic facilities provided by the gov- ernment. Are they happy? Is there any discontent? What are the reasons behind their dissatisfaction? Have they faced any challenged in the past? What is the nature of the challenges faced by them? What more do they think can be done to improve? Create five short case studies based on your interview. Project Based Questions 318

India Political lVIap ',. . 0 •

India Political lVIap ',. . 0 •





World Outline Map

World Outline Map

Outline Map of India

Outline Map of India