202110245-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G08-PART1

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) A. Mariamma’s views are correct to some extent because: i. After the arrival of British, they forced Indians to learn English education. ii. Raja Ram Mohan Roy proclaimed that English education was compulsory. iii. People understood the ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity through English education. These ideas were the result of French Revolution. iv. Educated Indians made other people learn western ideas and values renouncing social evils like sati, child marriages and widow marriages etc. Later our leaders worked hard to change the attitudes of our society regarding these social evils and tried to teach good values learnt from western ideologies. v. They aroused nationalism in the minds of common people. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following in India map. [Refer to TB page 126 Q7] 1) Calcutta (Kolkata) 2) Madras (Chennai) 3) Bombay (Mumbai) 4) Lucknow A. . Calcutta Lucknow .. Bombay (Mumbai) . .Madras Chennai SESSION 1. THE MODERATE AND EXTREMIST PHASES OF INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 199

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 1.4 Key Concepts i. The National Movement in India forms an important epoch in history. It consists of two stages: moderates and extremists. ii. With the growth of English education during the late nineteenth century, in some major cities a new consciousness began to develop. iii. In 1867, Dadabhai Naoroji organised the “East India Association” in London to discuss the India plan. iv. All the provincial intellectual nationalists came together in the first session of the Indian National Congress at Bombay in December 1885. v. Moderates adopted a policy of pray, petition and protest. vi. With the start of Swadeshi movement around 1903, the Indian National Congress Movement took a major leap forward. vii. The Swadeshi movement gave tremendous impetus to Indian industry, particularly the textile industry of India. viii. Sepoy mutiny was termed as the First War of Independence. ix. The period between 1885–1905 was known as the moderate period. x. The period between 1905–1918 was known as the extremist period. SESSION 1. THE MODERATE AND EXTREMIST PHASES OF INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 200

SESSION 2 NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) – THE PARTITION OF BENGAL AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Petitions:– A request to change something, most commonly made to a government official. 2. Swadeshi: A movement that encouraged domestic production and boycott of foreign goods as a part of its campaign for independence. 3. Boycott: It is an act of voluntarily abstaining from using or buying goods. 4. Picketing: a worker or group of workers who protest outside a building to prevent other workers from going inside, especially because they have a disagreement with their employers 5. Swaraj: self–government or independence for India. 6. Protest: The act of objecting or registering discontent. 7. Extremism: One who advocates or resorts to measures beyond the norm, especially in politics. SESSION 2. THE PARTITION OF BENGAL AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR 201

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What do you understand by swadeshi? What were the major areas of its impact? [Refer to TB page 126 Q5] A. Swadeshi movement started around 1903. It meant to boycott use of foreign goods. Its impacts were as follows: i. Rural and urban population was involved in politics for the first time. ii. Leaders succeeded in generating nationalistic ideas among the people. iii. Leaders visited several parts of India and promoted nationalist feelings. iv. People understood the injustice done by the British. v. Educated Indians taught the ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity. vi. Social evils like Sati, child marriages etc. were abolished by society. vii. English education brought awareness among the people about the backwardness of Indian society. viii. Swadeshi movement gave tremendous impetus to Indian industries. Q2. How did different parts of the country and people respond to division of Bengal? [Refer to TB page 126 Q6] A. On 16th October 1905, when partition of Bengal was declared, people of Bengal observed it as a day of mourning. i. Shops and market places were closed. ii. People bathed in Ganges and walked barefoot on the streets singing Vandemataram. iii. People tied Rakhis on each others’ hands as a symbol of unity. iv. There were massive protests, petitions and campaigns against the partition of Bengal. v. Ordinary people were enraged by this act and took to streets to protest against it. vi. New industrial units were established . vii. This movement created tremendous demand for indigenous goods. Several protests were organized to boycott British clothes. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following on the World map. [Refer to TB page 126 Q8] 1) Britain 2) France 3) Russia 4) Germany SESSION 2. THE PARTITION OF BENGAL AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR 202

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) A. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. A few leaders like Gandhi, Tilak, Subhash Chandra Bose, Bhagat Singh sacrificed their lives for the sake of our nation. What would have happened if they did not do so? [Refer to TB page 126 Q9] A. We would not have got independence if our leaders did not sacrifice their lives. We would have suffered longer under the clutches of a foreign rule. i. They inspired common people to fight for independence with their sacrifice. ii. British always followed the policy of divide and rule. So we may not have achieved unity among the various regions of our country. iii. Indian wealth would have been ruined further by the British. iv. Leaders inspired the people to overcome the tyranny of British administration. The people followed their leaders’ footsteps and finally achieved independence. 2.4 Key Concepts i. Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the famous slogan, “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it”. ii. There was a split in the Congress in 1907 in Surat session. iii. Tilak joined his hands with Annie Besant to launch a movement for ‘Home Rule’. iv. The two factions of the Congress united again in 1916 through Lucknow pact. v. Mahatma Gandhi came back from South Africa and joined the Indian freedom movement. vi. The period from 1905–1919 was led by extremists using violent methods. vii. This phase was formed due to the declaration of partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon. viii. The Vandemataram movement was started as a reaction to the partition of Bengal. SESSION 2. THE PARTITION OF BENGAL AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR 203

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What do you understand by the word ‘sovereign’? (ii) How did the partition of Bengal affect the national movement? (iii) What do you understand by racial discrimination? CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 204

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) Long Answer Type Questions 2. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) How did the nationalists mobilize the masses in the Swadeshi and Boycott movements? 3. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Differentiate between moderates and extremists in congress during freedom movement. CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 205

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Short Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following questions. All these provincial intellectuals came together in their first session of Indian National congress (INC), attended by 72 delegates. i. When and where the first session of INC was held, who presided it? ii. What were its objectives? Long Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following question. The seeds of new consciousness were sown in the second half of the 19th century. The educated Indian after understanding the nature of British rule and its impact on India, became more critical of British policies in India. They began to come together and discuss these issues and also formed associations for this. i. Why such associations were formed? ii. How they worked? iii. Name few of the organizations and leaders associated with them. CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 206

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) AS3-Information Skills Short Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Collect the picture of any two important leader form this chapter and gather information related to them. Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Observe the following table and answer the questions given below. S.No. Person/year Event 1 Lord Curzon Partition of Bengal 2 Bala Gangadhar Tilak Swaraj is my birth right 3 1905 Vandemataram movement started 4 First World War 1914 – 1918 5 Mutnuri Krishna Rao Krishna Patrika was started in Machilipatnam. CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 207

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) i. Which Governor General brought partition of Bengal? ii. What was the famous slogan of Bala Gangadhar Tilak? iii. When was Vandemataram started? iv. What is the importance of the years 1914 – 1918? v. Who started Krishna Patrika? AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Indian National congress (INC) which was formed in 1885, does it exists today? CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 208

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) (ii) Do you know any associations form your region, who gather and discuss problems of people, as it was done by leaders in 19th century. AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following places on an outline map of India. a) Bangalore b) Bihar c) Kolkata d) Chennai e) Mumbai f) West Bengal AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Saiprasanna thinks early phase of national movement was largely participated by educated Indians and many of their ideas were of western origin. Do you agree with her? Give reasons. CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 209

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) (ii) Imagine, if our leaders would have not gathered consciousness about British policies. How would have been the present India ? CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 210

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 11. Choose the correct answer. (i) The seeds of new consciousness began in the second half of century. (A) 18th (B) 19th (C) 17th (D) None of these (ii) In , Dadabhai Naoroji organized the ‘East India Association’. (A) 1866 (B) 1765 (C) 1876 (D) 1786 (iii) The first session of the Indian National Congress was held at . (A) Bombay (B) Madras (C) Delhi (D) Calcutta (iv) The first session of INC was attended by ______ delegates from different parts of the country (A) 72 (B) 77 (C) 76 (D) 79 (v) demanded a greater voice for Indian government and in administration. (A) Extremists (B) Moderates (C) Gandhi (D) Hindus (vi) was responsible for the partition of Bengal. (A) Lord Ripon (B) Lord Lytton (C) Lord Curzon (D) Lord Mountbatten (vii) Extremists phase was from to . (A) 1885;1900 (B) 1900;1904 (C) 1765; 1788 (D) 1905;1920 (viii) The First World War broke out in ___________. CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 211

CHAPTER 11A-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) (A) 1789 (B) 1914 (C) 1978 (D) 1949 (ix) Bengal Chemical Works was owned by . (A) C Roy (B) P C Ray (C) W C Banerjee (D) N N Dutt (x) Partition of Bengal came into effect on . (A) 16th September, 1905 (B) 18th November, 1905 (C) 19th December, 1904 (D) 16th October, 1905 CHAPTER 11A. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE EARLY PHASE (1885 TO 1919) 212

11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE SESSION 1 NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) – INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 1.1 Mind Map SESSION 1. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 213

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 1.2 Terminology 1. Nationalism: The belief that the people share a common history and culture should constitute an indepen- dent nation, free of foreign domination. 2. Secular: A state which doesn’t have a state religion. 3. Terrorist: The person who uses systematic means of violence to create a general climate of fear in the population. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. The national movement fought against all attempts of the British government to deny democratic freedom and rights of the people. Give examples of the rights which the government tried to curtail and the move- ment launched against it. [Refer to TB page 136 Q2] A. British government did not provide any rights to Indians, instead they tried to deny the fundamental rights to them. Examples: 1) In 1919 soon after World War - I, Indians expected that the British would sanction some rights in the administration sector to Indians. But in 1919 British passed an act known as Rowlatt Act. This act curbed fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers. According to this Act any person could be arrested by the police and kept in jail without trial. 2) In 1929 British passed an act known as Salt Act. According to this act people do not have right to prepare salt near sea coasts. They were supposed to pay tax to the government. This also curbed the fundamental rights of Indians. These acts which were passed by the British inspired Indians to fight against British administration and to protect their fundamental rights. 3) In 1920 the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa. The nationalist leaders and Muslim League opposed this as ‘Punjab wrongs’ and ‘Khilafat wrong’ and demanded swaraj. They launched Non–Cooperation Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. 4) The British government, decided to convert Chirala–Perala into a municipality. They imposed high taxes. The people refused, under the leadership of Duggirala Gopalakrishnayya, to pay the taxes. They migrated to a new settlement called Ramnagar and remained there for eleven months. Q2. Which of the following was a part of national movement. [Refer to TB page 137 Q4] a) Picketing shops that sell foreign goods b) Hand-spinning thread to weave clothes c) Burning imported clothes d) Wearing Khaddar e) All the above A. All the above Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation SESSION 1. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 214

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) Q1. Read the first paragraph under the heading ‘The Happenings of 1922 –1929’ and answer this. ‘Gandhiji called off the movement after the violence’. How do you support it ? [Refer to TB page 137 Q6] A. Gandhiji followed peace and non–violence to achieve independence. i. During the time of Non–Cooperation Movement, he advised people to follow the path of non–violence. ii. But in 1922 a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura and caused the deaths of 22 policemen. Gandhiji belived in non–violence so he immediately called off the movement. Information Skills Q1. Create a table to show the various efforts of Gandhiji in national movement. [Refer to TB page 136 Q1] A.A. S.No Event Gandhiji’s Role 1. Local movement in Champaran and Gandhiji made systematic enquiry and Kheda against unfair terms and produced evidence to the government. excessive taxes. Government reduced taxes. 2. In 1918 Ahmedabad mill workers strike. Gandhiji offered Satyagraha and made the mill owners yield and got 35% rise in the wages. 3. Constructive programmes He evolved constructive programmes – spinning, weaving Khadi, boycott of foreign goods. 4. Non–cooperation movement He adopted non–violence, non–cooperation to protest against the British government. 5. Civil disobedience movement Gandhiji broke the salt law by picking up salt against salt laws and aroused nationalist feelings among Indians. 6. Poona Pact Gandhiji and Ambedkar differed over the issue of creating separate electorates based on caste. Gandhiji launched a fast unto death and later a compromise was made through Poona pact in 1932. 7. Quit India Movement Congress launched Quit India movement in 1942. Gandhiji gave a slogan “Do or Die” and asked the people of India to fight against the British by making great sacrifices. SESSION 1. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 215

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) Q2. Prepare a timeline chart on freedom struggle from 1885 to 1947. [Refer to TB page 137 Q8] A. 1.4 Key Concepts i. Sometimes people thought of Gandhiji as someone who could help them overcome their misery and poverty. ii. On March 12th , 1930 Gandhiji led his march to Dandi village to break the government’s salt laws. A wave of enthusiasm swept the country. iii. The combined struggles of the Indian people bore fruit when the Government of India Act–1935 pre- scribed provincial autonomy. iv. Subash Chandra Bose organized the Indian National army (INA) with the cooperation of Rash Bihari Bose in Burma and Andamans. v. The period after 1940 was characterized by intensive activities of radical organizations. vi. Louis Mountbatten, who was appointed Viceroy in early 1947, was not able to resolve the differences between the Muslim League and the Congress party. vii. Independence is our strength and Partition is our failure. SESSION 1. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 216

SESSION 2 NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) – INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 217

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 2.2 Terminology 1. Extremism: the holding of extreme political or religious views; fanaticism. 2. Non–cooperation movement: Not to co–operate with the British in administration. 3. Civil disobedience: Refusal to obey certain laws. 4. Sub–continent: A land mass which has all the characteristics of a continent like different physical features, climate, vegetation etc. is called sub–continent. Ex: India. 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What were the different events that led to the partition? [Refer to TB page 137 Q5] A. i. In 1906 Muslim League was formed. ii. Muslim League supported the partition of Bengal. iii. The British policy of ‘divide and rule’ inspired Muslims to think about partition. iv. Muslims were in minorities. They feared that they would always have to play second fiddle in any democratic structure. v. Declaration of communal awards by Macdonald also made Muslims to think about a separate state. vi. During 1937 provincial elections, Muslims secured minority seats, so they feared that Muslims may even go unrepresented. vii. Congress rejected the desire to form a joint Congress–League government in the United Provinces. viii. Cripps’ suggestion for unity could not get the Congress and Muslim League to agree to the proposal. ix. Due to all these events, Muslims in India decided to have a separate state for Muslims i.e. Pakistan. To achieve it, Muslim League announced 16th August 1946 as “Direct Action Day”. Several riots broke out in Calcutta, resulting in the death of thousands of people. Finally, Lord Mountbatten declared the partition, and agreed to split India into two separate countries, and sanctioned separate independence to India and Pakistan. Q2. Why did Quit India Movement become popular? [Refer to TB page 137 Q7] A. When the British asked Indians to help in World War –II, Indians demanded self–rule. However the British did not accept their demands. They sent Cripps Mission to settle the problem but it failed. Quit India Movement became popular because: i. After the failure of Cripps mission, Congress passed a resolution on 8th August 1942 at Bombay. ii. It said that British rule in India must end immediately. iii. Congress adopted a mass struggle on non–violent basis. iv. Gandhiji gave a slogan “Do or Die”. v. There were hartals and processions everywhere in the country. vi. People resorted to violence and damaged government properties like railways, post and telegraph etc. SESSION 2. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 218

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) vii. Government adopted repressive methods to suppress the movement and finally succeeded in its attempts. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. To what extent was the Salt Satyagraha successful in its objectives? Give your assessment. [Refer to TB page 137 Q3] A. A wave of enthusiasm swept the country during the Salt Satyagraha. Salt laws were broken at many places and even women took part in the Civil Disobedience Movement. In Delhi alone, 1600 women were imprisoned. This movement was not confined to the Salt Satyagraha alone. Foreign–cloth shops and liquor shops were picketed and burned. Hand–spinning was taken up as a movement. British schools, colleges and services were boycotted. The people joined in large numbers in this movement. The combined struggles of the Indian people bore fruit when the Government of India Act of 1935 prescribed provincial autonomy and the government announced elections to the provincial legislatures in 1937. Thus it was successful in its objectives. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Did the fruits of sacrifices of many great leaders of Independence movement reach all the people? Share your opinion on this. A. Yes,the fruits of sacrifices made by many great leaders of Independence movement reached all peo- ple. Sacrifice of freedom fighters resulted in freedom of India from British colonial rule on 15 th August 1947, making citizens of India independent to choose the type of government, leaders and rules of our choice.Constitution of India has also kept the legacy of freedom struggle by incorporating the values and principles which inspired great leaders of Independence movement. 2.4 Key Concepts i. Sometimes people thought of Gandhiji as someone who could help them overcome their misery and poverty. ii. On March 12th , 1930 Gandhiji led his march to Dandi village to break the government’s salt laws. A wave of enthusiasm swept the country. iii. The combined struggles of the Indian people bore fruit when the Government of India Act of 1935 pre- scribed provincial autonomy. iv. Subash Chandra Bose organized the Indian National army (INA) with the cooperation of Rash Bihari Bose in Burma and Andamans. v. The period after 1940 was characterized by intensive activities of radical organizations. vi. Louis Mountbatten, who was appointed Viceroy in early 1947, was not able to resolve the differences between the Muslim League and the Congress party. vii. Independence is our strength and Partition is our failure. SESSION 2. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI 219

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Why did Gandhiji give a call for Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act? (ii) What was the highlight of the Chirala Perala movement? (iii) What do you know about the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy? CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 220

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) Long Answer Type Questions 2. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What were the main objectives of the Congress in the Nagpur session in 1920? (ii) Write a short note on the Indian National Army. (iii) Why Khilafat movement was started? CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 221

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Short Answer Type Questions 3. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following questions Mahatma Gandhi spent his first year in India in travelling throughout the country, understanding the people, their needs and overall situation. After this he started intervention in local movements. i. Which was the first local movement in which he intervened? ii. Which famous leader came into his contact to Gandhi ji at Champaran ? Long Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following question. The Happenings of 1922 – 1929: Mahatma Gandhi, as you know, was against violent movements. He abruptly called off the Non – Cooperation Movement, when in February 1922 a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri–Choura. Twenty two policemen were killed on that day. The peasants were provoked because the police had fired on their peaceful demonstration. CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 222

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) i. Gandhiji called off the movement after the violence. How do you support it? ii. How Non–cooperation movement was performed? iii. After Non–cooperation movement, what was the strategy of INC? AS3-Information Skills Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Make a list of important leaders associated in following events. i. Khilafat movement ii. Salt Satyagraha iii. Quit India movement iv. INA Long Answer Type Questions 223 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947)

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) (i) Create a table and write the efforts of Gandhi ji during the national events of 1919–47 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Prepare a time line chart of Freedom struggle form 1919 to 1947 CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 224

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What did you learn from India’s freedom struggle? (ii) Who is your favorite leader from freedom struggle and why? (iii) Locate the following on an outline map of the World. a) England b) London c) U.S.A d) France CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 225

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on the given map of the World. a) Germany b) U.S.S.R c) Japan d) Burma e) Pakistan AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Which qualities of Mahatma Gandhi’s personality do you like? Why? CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 226

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 11. Choose the correct answer. (i) Which of the following was a part of National Movement? (A) Hand spinning thread to weave clothes (B) Burning imported clothes (C) Wearing Khaddar (D) All of the above (ii) In , Gandhiji organized millworkers' strike. (A) Allahabad (B) Ahmedabad (C) Lucknow (D) Delhi (iii) Gandhiji asked the Indian people to observe as the day of ‘humiliation and prayer’ and hartal. (B) 6th April, 1921 (A) 6th April, 1929 (D) 16th April, 1919 (C) 6th April, 1919 (iv) Jalianwala Bagh is in . (A) Calcutta (B) Bombay (C) Madras (D) Amritsar (v) About 15,000 people led by Duggirala Gopala-krishnayya, refused to pay the taxes and migrated to a new settlement called (A) Ramnagar (B) Seetharam Nagar (C) Gandhi colony (D) Nehru colony (vi) Forest Satyagrahas were held at . (A) Palnati Taluq (B) Rayachoti Taluq (C) Chirala Taluq (D) Both (A) and (B) (vii) The peasants of Pratapgarh in managed to stop illegal eviction of tenants. CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 227

CHAPTER 11B-NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) (A) Central Province (B) United Province (C) Eastern Province (D) Western Province (viii) Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in . (A) 1931 (B) 1930 (C) 1940 (D) 1949 (ix) The Indian National Congressmet at Lahore in 1929 under the leadership of . (A) Gandhi (B) Nehru (C) W C Banerjee (D) N N Dutt (x)On March 12th 1930, Mahatma Gandhi decided to break the government salt laws by manufacturing salt at (A) Chittoor (B) Bombay (C) Dandi (D) Ahmedabad CHAPTER 11B. NATIONAL MOVEMENT - THE LAST PHASE (1919 TO 1947) 228

12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE SESSION 1 FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE – HYDERABAD STATE UNDER THE NIZAMS 1.1 Mind Map SESSION 1. HYDERABAD STATE UNDER THE NIZAMS 229

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE 1.2 Terminology 1. Firmans: Royal orders 2. Vetti: Bonded labour 3. Feudal system: A social system in medieval Europe in which people were given land and protection by noblemen and had to work and fight for them in return. 4. Subordinate kings: A minor king who had a position with less authority and power than the major king. 5. Legitimate rights: Principle of hereditary right. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Describe the activities of the Andhra Maha Sabha for the promotion of education. [Refer to TB page 150 Q2] A. i. The initial objective of Andhra Maha Sabha was to provide more educational facilities. ii. They approached the government seeking permission for the establishment of schools. iii. They established libraries and cultural centers even in remote villages. iv. Common people came to them to learn, read newspapers, discuss current events etc. SESSION 1. HYDERABAD STATE UNDER THE NIZAMS 230

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE Q2. What were the demands of the Hyderabad State Congress and how many of them were fulfilled after 1948? [Refer to TB page 150 Q3] A. i. The Hyderabad State Congress demanded that fundamental rights should be conferred upon the people. ii. Restrictions imposed on freedom of speech, association, press, religious processions etc. to be cancelled immediately. iii. Laws of the state to be made by elected representatives and not the Nizam. iv. All of them were fulfilled after 1948. Q3. Why do you think the literacy rate in Hyderabad State was lower than other princely States? [Refer to TB page 150 Q1] A. i. The Nizams were slow in setting up schools in their kingdom. ii. Many Jagirdars did not even allow setting up of schools in their areas. iii. The Nizams were suspicious that private schools would become centers for propagation of anti–Nizam ideas. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the paragraphs under the heading “Feudal system of the state” and answer the following. Do you support the feudal system of the Nizams? Why? [Refer to TB page 150 Q5] A. No, I don’t support the feudal system of the Nizams. The Nizams ruled with the help of jagirdars and subordinate kings. When there are intermediaries, the real hardworkers i.e., the peasants will be exploited to the maximum. The Jagirdars ruled as they desired and collected taxes from the people, not bothering about the miserable condition of the peasants. 1.4 Key Concepts i. Hyderabad was an important princely state of south India. ii. Hyderabad was ruled by the Nizams. iii. In October 1888, in Hyderabad a small committee of influential persons held a meeting to popularize Indian National Congress. iv. Mulla Abdul Qayyum of Hyderabad appealed to Muslims to actively participate in INC. v. Papers like Hyderabad Telegraph, Deccan Standard, Musllism–I–Safiq etc. propagated nationalism. vi. Arya Samaj established in Hyderabad in 1892 generated socio–religious awareness among people. SESSION 1. HYDERABAD STATE UNDER THE NIZAMS 231

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE vii. The Nizams were initially provincial governors of the Mughal emperors. viii. The Nizams did not allow any democratic system like local bodies or legislatures. ix. Urdu was the official language and more than 90% of all high officials were Muslims in Hyderabad. x. Only 9.3 % people of the state were literate in 1941. xi. In 1901 Sri Krishnadevaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam was established in Hyderabad. xii. To establish libraries and reading rooms and promote Telugu literature, Madapati Hanumanta Rao and others formed Andhra Jana Sangham in 1924. xiii. Andhra Maha Sabha was formed in 1930. xiv. People read books by social reformers like Veeresalingam and nationalists like Gandhiji, Nehru etc. SESSION 1. HYDERABAD STATE UNDER THE NIZAMS 232

SESSION 2 FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE – STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM 233

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE 2.2 Terminology 1. Guerilla squad: Defenders of the villages 2. Jagirdars: Rulers of hundreds of villages and collected taxes from the people 3. Representative Government: Elected or democratic government 2.3 Improve Your Learning Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Do you think the Telangana Armed Struggle helped to end the rule of the Nizam? Give your reasons. [Refer to [Refer to TB page 150 Q4] A. The sanghams built squads of armed fighters. Guerilla squads defended the villages and Gram Raj com- mittees were formed to resolve villagers’ problems. Cultural groups spread the message of the struggle and aroused people through Burrakathas. Wherever the sanghams established their power, Vetti was abol- ished, eviction of tenants was stopped, rents were reduced and wages of workers increased and excess lands of the landlords were redistributed to the landless. By 1947–48 the movement was transformed into a broad anti–Nizam and anti–feudal struggle demanding merging of Hyderabad with independent India. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Many movements were led against the rulers in the past. Do you find any movements taken up nowadays? If yes, what are they? [Refer to TB page 150 Q6] A. Movements against corruption by Anna Hazare, Arvind Kejriwal etc., safety of women by Delhi University students (inspired by Nirbhaya), Jasmine Revolution (pro –democracy) in Egypt and other countries are some of the movements taken up now–a–days. 2.4 Key Concepts i. From 1929, Ryot Sangams were established to fight against the exploitation by the Patels, Patwaris, Deshmukhs, revenue and police officials. ii. The Andhra Mahila Sabha set up village level branches, known as sanghams. iii. Guerilla squads to defend the villages and Gram Raj committees to resolve villagers’ problems were formed. iv. Itteha–dul–Muslimeen –An organization formed by fanatic Muslim enthusiasts to protect the Muslim dom- ination of Hyderabad State and Nizam rule. v. In 1948 the independent Indian government took action and merged Hyderabad with India. vi. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was the first Chief Minister of Hyderabad state. SESSION 2. STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM 234

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Why were the Nizams slow in setting up schools in their kingdom? (ii) What do you know about the feudal system of the Nizam State? (iii) When and why was the Andhra Jana Sangham established? 235 CHAPTER 12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE Long Answer Type Questions 2. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Why do you think the literacy rate in Hyderabad state was lower than other princely states? 3. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What was the role played by Andhra Mahasabha in promoting education? CHAPTER 12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE 236

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Short Answer Type Questions 4. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following questions. In the early years of Nationalism in Hyderabad, Aghoranath Chattopadhya was initiator of nationalism inHyderabad. Congress also attracted a large section of educated classes in Hyderabad. Mulla AbdulQayyam became a great champion of congress. Later Arya Samaj was also established in Hyderabadin 1892. i. How did Arya Samaj helped in nationalism in Hyderabad? ii. What was the nature of nationalist movement in those days? Long Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and answer the following questions. When India became Independent in 1947, Osman Ali Khan, and the last Nizam wanted Hyderabad to remain independent state. Razakars attacked those who opposed Nizam. To end this anarchy, the then home minister SardarVallabh Bhai Patel sent armed forces to Hyderabad and finally it was merged with India. However, Nizam was asked to rule till the transition to democratic set up was complete. i. What conditions were put on Nizam after integration of Hyderabad in India? ii. Till how long Nizam Osman Ali continued to rule Hyderabad? iii. Who were Razakars ? CHAPTER 12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE 237

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE AS3-Information Skills Short Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) The Nizam rulers of Hyderabad were Muslims and spoke Deccani urdu.However, Majority of people in the state were Hindu who spoke Telugu, Marathi and Kannada. Urdu was official language and more than 90 % of all high officials were Muslims. i. What was the Language of Nizam ? ii. To which religion majority of higher officials belonged? CHAPTER 12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE 238

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) i. Collect the Images of few of the important leaders who played role in Nationalism in Hyderbad. ii. Collect information about the above mentioned leaders. AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Does the present state of Telangana cover same area as covered by Nizam’s under state of Hyderabad? CHAPTER 12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE 239

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE (ii) Hyderbad was the capital city of the State of Hyderbad during the rule of Nizam. At present Hyderbad is capital of which states ? AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the map and answer the following questions. CHAPTER 12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE 240

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE i. Name the states in which Hyderabad State of Nizam was spread. ii. Name any four districts of the Hyderabad state. AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Appreciate the role of women in Telangana armed struggle. (ii) Visit the state museum and collect the information about National movement in Hyderabad. CHAPTER 12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE 241

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 11. Choose the correct answer. (i) The Viceroys appointed in the princely states. (A) Governors (B) Collectors (C) Residents (D) All of the above (ii) The Nizams were initially provincial governors under . (A) Odeyars (B) Mughals (C) Marathas (D) Kakatiya (iii) The Nizam rulers of Hyderabad state were Muslims who spoke . (A) DeccaniUrdu (B) Tamil (C) Marathi (D) Hindi (iv) Majority of the people of Nizam State were . (A) Muslims (B) Sikhs (C) British (D) Hindus (v) The literacy rate in Nizam State by 1941 was only . (A) 3.9% (B) 41.3% (C) 92% (D) 9.3% (vi) The key person behind the establishment of Andhra Mahasabha was (A) Malishetty Rangarao (B) Madapati Hanumantha Rao (C) TellmalRamachandra Rao (D) Mungala Raja (vii) was the editor of Golconda Patrika. (A) SuravaramSudhakar Reddy (B) SuravaramPratap Reddy (C) Suravaram Mohan Reddy (D) MadapatiHanumantha Rao (viii) In year, Nizam banned singing ‘Vandemataram’. CHAPTER 12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE 242

CHAPTER 12-FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE (A) 1938 (B) 1930 (C) 1943 (D) 1948 (ix) In the year , the independent Indian government took action and merged Hyderabad with India. (B) 1947 (A) 1946 (C) 1949 (D) 1948 (x) More than 90% of all high officials of the Nizam State were . (A) Muslims (B) Hindus (C) Christians (D) Sikhs CHAPTER 12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN HYDERABAD STATE 243

13. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION SESSION 1 THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION – THE MAKING OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 1.1 Mind Map SESSION 1. THE MAKING OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 244

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 1.2 Terminology 1. Monarchy: A form of government in which the people are ruled by a monarch/king. 2. Representative: A person chosen or appointed to act or speak for another or others, particularly in political manner, and who is elected by the citizens to participate in government by the citizens is called representative. 3. Discrimination: The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds or race, age, religion, caste or sex. 4. Autonomous: Acting independently or having the freedom to take any decision and to do anything. 5. Constitution: A document which lays down the rules of democratic governance. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Which of the following statement is correct? [Refer to TB page 160 Q2] i. Constitution determines the relationship between the people and government. ii. Democratic countries generally contain a Constitution. iii. To make a Constitution for a diverse country like India is not an easy task. iv. All are correct. A. (d) All are correct. Q2. ‘Damanpur’ is ruled by its king based on a set of rules laid down by the priest and ministers. He also has divided his kingdom into 16 provinces to which he appoints his officers as governors. Can we say this is a democratic country? Is it a constitutional country? Give reasons for your answer. [Refer to TB page 160 Q1] A. The king’s rule in ‘Damanpur’ is not democratic. It is also not a constitutional country. It is just a monarchy because the king is not elected by the people of Damanpur. He came to the throne after his father’s death on a hereditary basis. But in a democratic country the government should be elected by the people. This was not done in Damanpur. There is no constitution which has been incorporated in Damanpur. Hence, we can say it is not a constitu- tional country. Da` manpur is just ruled by the king based on a set of rules written by the priest and ministers. The set of rules cannot be considered constitutional as the priest and the ministers weren’t elected by the people. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read again the extracts from Nehru’s speech and answer the following questions. [Refer to TB page 160 Q3] a) What pledge did he want the makers of the Indian Constitution to take? b) “The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye.” Who was he referring to? SESSION 1. THE MAKING OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 245

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION A. Service to India means service to the millions who suffer. It means the ending of poverty, ignorance, disease and inequality of opportunity. The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye. That may be beyond us, but as long as there are tears and suffering, our work will not be over. a) The pledge of serving India means serving the poor and the needy until every tear is wiped from every eye. That was the pledge that Nehru wanted the makers of the constitution to take. b) Mahatma Gandhi, the “Father of the Nation”. 1.4 Key Concepts i. A Constitution is a set of rules. ii. The Indian Constitution was drafted under very difficult circumstances. iii. Everyone would be equal before law. iv. The British too had introduced some basic institutions of democratic rule in India. v. The Constitution was drafted by an assembly of elected representatives called the Constitution Assembly. vi. We can understand our Constitution by reading the views of some of our major leaders on our Constitu- tion. SESSION 1. THE MAKING OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 246

SESSION 2 THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION – PREAMBLE OF THE CONSTITUTION 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. PREAMBLE OF THE CONSTITUTION 247

CHAPTER 13-THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 2.2 Terminology 1. Sovereign: Sovereign means a nation have the supreme right to take decisions on internal as well as external matters and make their own laws. No external power can make laws for that nation. 2. Federal system: Federal system means a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units by the constitution of a particular country. Eg; USA, Canada, India etc. 3. Provisional: Providing or serving for the time being only; existing until permanently or properly replaced. Ex: Provisional Government (temporary Government) 4. Draft: A preliminary version of a piece of writing or a text. Ex: Draft of the Indian Constitution. 5. Republic: A nation, in which the head of the state is an elected person and not a hereditary position as in kingdom, is called a Republic. Ex: Indian Republic, Republic of south Africa. 6. Secular: The government will not be run on the basis of any religion. Citizens will have complete freedom to follow any religion. 7. Fraternity: To build a sense of bonding and unity among all people. 8. Amendment: A change, it could be addition or deletion in a document / statutory document / constitution of a nation is called an amendment. 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Identify correct statements from the following: [Refer to TB page 160 Q6] a. The Constitution defines powers of the Legislative houses. b. The Constitution cannot be changed under any circumstances . c. Ideals that are in the preamble are reflected in the design of instructions. d. Laws for the entire country are designed centrally. A. The following are the correct statements. a. The Constitution defines powers of the Legislative houses. c. Ideals that are in the preamble are reflected in the design of instructions . Q2. What values are embedded in preamble of Indian Constitution? [Refer to TB page 160 Q4] A. The values embedded in Indian constitution are inspired from India’s freedom struggle and form basis for India’s democracy. These values are equality, fraternity, sovereignty, secularism, socialist , repub- lic,democracy and liberty. Q3. ” All are equal before law”. Explain this with examples. [Refer to TB page 160 Q5] A. Indian Constitution promises equality of status, such that everybody will be governed by same laws.Constitution also guarantees equality of opportunity. For example all public offices should be open to all, irrespective of caste and religion. SESSION 2. PREAMBLE OF THE CONSTITUTION 248