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*=( jftfj/0 f tyf hnjfo' kl/j tg{ @(& *=!) lbuf] ljsf; @(* kl/R5]b M gf} #)! gk] fndf cfd;~rf/ / kqsfl/tf #)@ (=! cfd;~rf/ / kqsfl/tf #)% (=!=! 5fkf dfWod #)^ (=!=@ 6l] nlehg #)& (=!=# /]l8of] k|;f/0f #)& (=!=$ cgnfOg ldl8of #)* (=@= /f li6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt (=# ;~rf/;“u ;DalGwt lgsfox¿ kl/R5b] M bz #!# #!% g]k fnsf] k// fi6« gLlt /cGt/f{li6o« ;DaGw #@# !)=! g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLlt / o;sf d\"n cfwf/x¿ #@% !)=@ g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6o« ;DaGw M Pl] txfl;s l;+xfjnfs] g #@& !)=# ;o+ 'Qm /fi6« ;ª3\\ / g]kfn ##! !)=$ ;fs{ / g]kfn !)=% g]kfn ef/t ;DaGwsf P]ltxfl;s ;lGw ;Demft} fx¿ !)=^ gk] fn / rLg–ltAat ;DaGwsf P]ltxfl;s ;lGw ;Demf}tfx¿ kl/R 5]b M P3f/ gk] fnsf Pl] txfl;s, wflds{ tyf ko6{ sLo bl[ i6sf0] fn] dxŒjk0\" f{ :y fgx¿ ##%
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!=@ efu} f]lns ljefhg !=@=! w/ftnLo :j ¿ksf] cfwf/df gk] fnsf] ljefhg gk] fnsf] efu} f]lns ljefhg ljleGg cfwf/d f ljleGg lsl;dn] ul/Psf] kfOG5 . w/ftnsf] cfwf/df gk] fnsf] e\"efunfO{ pQ/b ]lv blIf0f;Dd qmdzM tLg a[xt\\ k|b]z df ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . tflnsf g=+ !=! :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ -)&$ c;f]h @( ut] kd| f0fLs/0 f_ cg;' f/ lhNnfx¿sf] juL{s/0f lxdfnL tfKn]h 'ª, ;ªv\\ 'jf;ef, ;f]n'vD' a,' bf]nvf, @! lhNnf lhNnfx¿ l;Gw'kfNrfs] , /;'jf, dgfª, d':t fª, 8f]Nkf, hD' nf, d'u', xD' nf, sflnsf6] , afh'/f, aemfª, bfr'{nf, wflbª, /fd]5fk, ufv] f,{ ?s'd -kj\" {_, DofUbL -@)&% df kxf8Laf6 lxdfnLdf ylkPsf_] kxf8L kfrF y/, Onfd, t/] y'd, wgs6' f, ef]hk'/, @* lhNnfx¿ cfv] n9'ªu\\ f, vf6] fª, sfe|]k nf~rf]s, g'jfsf6] lhNnf ndh'ª, tgxF,' sf:s L, :o fªh\\ f, kjt{ , afUnª' , kfNkf, c3f{vfFrL, u'NdL, ?sd' -klZrd_ /f N] kf, Ko7' fg, ;Nofg, hfh/sf]6, b}nv] , 8f6] L, c5fd, at} 8L, 88]n w/' f leqL dw];sf pbok/' , dsjfgk'/, lrtjg, l;Gw'nL, & lhNnf lhNnfx¿ gjnk/f;L -ab3{ f6 ;:' tfk\"j_{ , bfª, ;'v{t] t/fO{sf emfkf, df/] ª , ;g' ;/L , ;Kt/L , l;/x f, !* lhNnfx¿ wgi' ff, dxfQ] /L, ;nf{xL, /f}tx6, af/f , k;f{, lhNnf gjnk/f ;L -ab{3f6 ;':tfklZrd_, ¿kGbx] L, slknj:t ', afsF ,] albo{ f, s}nfnL, s~rgk/' sf7df8f}“ sf7df8fF}, nlntk/' , eQmk'/ # lhNnf pkTosfsf lhNnfx¿ 2÷g]k fn kl/ro
-s_ lxdfnL k|bz] gk] fnsf] pQ/L eu] df lxpF / r§fgn] lgldt{ lxdfnL Ifq] n] gk] fnsf] !% kl| tzt ee\" fu ;d6] s] f] 5 . sl/a @% bl] v %) lsnfl] d6/ pQ/blIf0f rf8} fOleq kml} nPsf] lxdfnL kb| z] ;db' | ;txbl] v sl/a #,))) ld6/d flysf] prfOdf cjl:y t 5 . lxdfno gk] fnsf] pQ/kl§dfq geO{ pQ/L gk] fn ;/x baf6 blIf0flt/ lxdfnL zª[ v\\ nf bl] vg] gk] fnsf w/] } ee\" fux¿ 5g \\ . h:tM} cGgk0\" f{ / uªu\\ fk0\" f{ lxdfnsf] pQ/kl§ dgfª, d:' t fª cflb gk] fnsf Ifq] k5g{ \\ . wjnflul/ r/' g] lxdfnosf] pQ/d f d:' t fª tyf 8fN] kfsf ee\" fu k5g{ \\ . tL Ifq] x¿af6 lxdfno blIf0flt/ bl] vG5 . ljZjsf pRrtd / dgf/] d lxdfnL 6fs/' f x¿ gk] fnsf] lxdfnov08df 5g \\ . s~rghª3\\ f, hgs, pDas, dxfnªu\\ /' , /f N] jflnª, kd' /L , hu' n, nfª6fª, u0fz] , ;/] f ª, s6' fª, dgl;/L, k/] L, nu' n' f, bfdfb] /, lgnlul/, cGgk0\" f,{ wjnflul/, d:' tfª, uft} d, kfnrª' xduf, sflGh/f j] f, sflGt, uf/] vf, rfªu\\ nf, r08L, gfnfsªs\\ /, u/' f ;F kj\" b{ l] v qmdzM klZrd;Dd kml} n Psf kl| ;4 @* lxdzª[ v\\ nfx¿ xg' \\ . oL zª[ v\\ nfx¿ clwstd ef6] -ltAat_ sf ;LdfjtL{ Ifq] df /x s] f 5g \\ . lxdfnL Ifq] sf] cfly{s ultljlw ;Lldt 5 . pAhgL Go\"g x'g]xF'bf s[lif guGo eP klg ofs, e8] f, Rofª\\u|f, 3f8] f cflb kzk' fng /h8La6' Ldf of]Ifq] ;DkGg 5 . pgsf unF}rf, /f 8L, kfvL aG' g] 3/]n' pBf]ux¿ /x ]s f] kfOG5 . ko6{ g pBfu] , h8La'6L / kofj{ /0 f ;Dkbf oxfFsf dxŒjk\"0f{ ;f| t] x'g\\ . of] Ifq] cNkfOg / cfsl{ 6s hnjfoI' fq] cGtut{ k5 { . prfO / kjt{ sf] cjl:yltcg;' f/ hnjfo' km/s k5 { . ;fn] v' D' as' f] $,$)) ld6/ prfODff /xs] f] rª' sª' ufpdF f cfn' kmN5 . @,*)) ld6/ prfOdf /xs] f] d:' tfªsf] hfd] ;fd] df bO' { ;o ldlnld6/ jiff{ xG' 5 . o:t f pRr lxdfnsf vt] LofU] o hldg ;fn] v' D' a,' dgfª, d:' t fª / 8fN] kf lhNnfdf kfOG5 . sl/a %,))) ld6/dfly ^ bl] v !@ dlxgf;Dd lxpF /xG5 . nueu $,))) ld6/d flysf ee\" fudf 5f6] f] cjlwsf] jiffo{ fddf klg t;' f/f kft xG' 5 . $,)))– %,))) ld6/; Dd xfr] f] emfª emf8L -h8La6' L_ kfOG5 . d:' t fª / 8fN] kfdf kf| sl[ ts jg:klt ljzi] f sf/0 fn] @,*)) ld6/ prfO;Dd klg xg' ] u/s] f] kfOG5 . sl/a !@ kl| tzt pRr lxdfnL Ifq] dg;g' L r/gsf nflu pkoQ' m 5 . c¿ ee\" fu 7f8f] le/, 9ª' u\\ ] / 7G8f xbF' f r/gsf nflu pkoQ' m 5g} . 3f;F kg' M knfpg ;do nfUg] ePsfn] clws r/gaf6 hfu] fpg r/g Joj:y fkg oxfsF f] dn\" cfjZostf xf] . df6f] /hnjfos' f bl[ i6n] Ps kl| tzteGbf sd hldg dfq} vt] Lsf nflu pkoQ' m 5 . oftfoftsf] cfjZos Joj:y f cem;Dd klg xg' g;ss] f] sf/0 f pTkfbgsf] ahf/L s/0 f ug{ sl7gfO xg' ] u/s] f] 5 . gk] fn kl/r o÷3
g]kfnsf] nueu !(=& kl| tzt -@,*((,%)) xS] 6/_ cfu] 6g\\ ] pRr kjt{ sf] blIf0fdf dWokj{t / pQ/df pRr lxdfn k5{ . o; Ifq] sf ;ah} ;f] dV' o pkTosf lxdfgLu:| t (Glaciated) 5g \\ . gbLn] lkFw s6fg a9L u/s] f] kmn:j¿k gbL 9nfg (Gradient) n] uN5]8f / uN5L (Canyons) ags] f 5g \\ . 8f8F fsf] 6'Kkf] / pkTosfsf] km]b;Dd @,))) ld6/e Gbf a9L prfOsf] leGgtf 5 . o;n} ] oxfFsf] Pp6} 9nf]df pmi0f, pmkfi] 0f / Gofgf] ;dzLtfi] 0f Pjd\\ lr;f] zLtfi] 0f af]6la?jf kfOG5g\\ . of] Ifq] sf] %) k|ltzt efu sg' } klg vt] Lsf nflu sfd nfUb}g . afFsL %) kl| tzt e\"efudWo] #$ k|ltzt ee\" fudf v]tLsf nflu ckofK{ t kftnf] df6f] 5 eg] !^ k|ltzt e\"efun] dfq v]t L wfgs] f] 5 . o:tf] @)),))) xS] 6/ hldgdf klg $) k|ltztdf dfq /fd/| L v]t L ug{] ul/G5 . lxdfnL Ifq] df gk] fnsf kj\" b{ l] v qmdzM tfKnh] ª' , ;ªv\\ j' f;ef, ;fn] v' D' a,' bfn] vf, l;Gwk' fNrfs] , /; j' f, dgfª, d:' t fª, 8fN] kf, du' ,' xD' nf, hD' nf, sflnsf6] , afh/' f, aemfª, bfrn{' f wflbª, /fd5] fk, uf/] v f / ?sd' -kj\" _{ u/L @) lhNnf kb5{ g \\ . lxdfnL kb| z] nfO{ lgDglnlvt tLg ax[ t\\ Ifq] df ljefhg u/L cWoog ug{ ;lsG5M dV' o lxdfnL If]q ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyf lxdfnocGtut{ sf pRrtd rn' Lx¿ sl] Gbt| dV' o lxdfnodf *,))) ld6/e Gbf cUnf rn' Lx¿ k5g{ \\ . t6jtL{ lxdfnosf] blIf0f /xs] f ax[ Q/lxdfnL zª[ v\\ nfdf ^,))) ld6/e Gbf cUnf !,#!! rr' /' fx¿ /xs] f 5g \\ . ljZjsf] ;jfR{] r lzv/ ;u/d fyf / t;] f| ] pRr lxdlzv/ s~rghª3\\ fsf cltl/Q m NxfT] ;,] dsfn,' rf–] cfo] ,' wjnflul/, dgf:n,' cGgk0\" f;{ dt] ljZjsf bO' { bhg{ rn' LdWo] gk] fndf sl/a 89] bhg{ rr' /' fx¿ /x s] f 5g \\ . s~rghª3\\ f, vD' a,' dxfnªu\\ /' , /fN] jflnª,\\ 4÷gk] fn kl/ro
df5fk'R5«] lxdfn, u08sL u0fz] , uf/] v f, cGgk0\" f,{ wjnflul/, sfl~h/f j] f, ckL / ;k} fn lxdzª[ v\\ nfcGtu{ t ljZjsf !) ;jfR{] r lzv/x ¿dWo] cf7cf6] f lxdlzv/x ¿ kb5{ g \\ . leqL lxdfnL Ifq] dV' o lxdfnoaf6 pQ/ / ltAat t6jtL{ Ifq] af6 blIf0flt/ of] Ifq] /x s] f] 5 . gbL lgldt{ pkTosfx¿ pRr lxdfnL Ifq] df lgs} /x s] f 5g \\ . oxfF k/' fªu\\ , xD' nf, du' ,' nfªu,' a9' L vf6] fª, s?] ª, Gofgd, /fª] u\\ ;f/, vD' a,' sdf{ cflb lxdjl] i7t pkTosfx¿ 5g \\ . pQ/df cUnf lxdfno / blIf0fdf xfr] f kjt{ sf lardf /xs] f oL pkTosf @,$))–%,))) ld6/; Ddsf prfOdf /xs] f 5g \\ . sts} t} ulx/f] vfrF] / a;F] L /xs] f 5g \\ . xD' nf, hD' nf, du' ,' 8fN] kf, d:' tfª / dgfª jl[ i65fofdf kg{] xbF' f jiff{ Hofb} sd xG' 5 . o; eu] df zi' s hnjfo' kfOG5 . of] kj{tLo If]qdf lr;f] zLtf]i0f sf]0fwf/L jg x'g] x'Fbf 8fn]3fF; k|foM kfOFb}g . oxfFsf afl;Gbf vfBfGg, n'uf /cGo ;fdfgsf]9'jfgL vRr/, 3f]8f, rf}F/L cflb hgfj/af6 ug]{ ub{5g \\ . hf}, ux'F, sf]bf] / cfn' #,))) ld6/ prfO;Dd kmN5 . lxpFbdf 7G8f x'g] x'Fbf dflg;x¿sf] a;f]af; of] If]qdf lgs} kftnf] 5 . ;LdfGt lxdfnL Ifq] of] cGt/lxdfnL z[ª\\vnf ltAatsf] ;dfgfGt/ lsgf/L Ifq] sl/a !#) lsnfl] d6/ pQ/;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 . ;/b/ ^,))) ld6/ prfObl] v sl/a &,))) ld6/;Dd /x]sf] ltAatL k7f/s f] ;d:ynL Ifq] uªu\\ f / ;fª\\u kf] -a|Xdk'q_ sf] kfgL 9nf] Ifq] sf ¿kdf /x]s f] 5 . pRr lxdzª[ v\\ nf l5rfn] L cfPsfn] of] Ifq] sf gbL -sfnLu08sL cflb_ lxdfnoeGbf k'/fgf dflgG5g \\ . dgfª, d:' t fªdf a:t L 5g\\ / ef6] lg:sg] eGHofªx¿ lgs} k5{g\\ . jl[ i65fofdf kg{] ePsfn] of] If]q dn\" tM lxdfnL d?el\" dsf ¿kdf /xs] f] 5 . g]kfn kl/ro÷5
tflnsf g=+ !=@ gk] fnsf kd| v' lxdlzv/ / ltgsf] prfO qm= lxdlzv/ prfO lxdz[ª\\vnf lhNnf÷kb| z] ;=+ -ld6/_ ! ;u/d fyf *,*$*=*^ v'Da÷' dxfnª\\u'/ ;f]nv' D' a'÷! @ s~rghª\\3f *,%*^ s~rghª\\3f tfKn]hª' ÷! # Nxf]T ;] *,%!^ vD' a÷' dxfnª\\u/' ;f]n'v'Da÷' ! $ dsfn' *,$^# s'Des0f{ ;ª\\vj' f;ef÷! % rf] cf]o ' *,@)! v'Da'÷dxfnª\\u/' ;f]nv' 'Da÷' ! ^ wjnflul/ *,!^& wjnflul/ DofUbL÷d:' t fª÷u08sL & dgf:n' *,!^# u0fz] uf]/vf÷u08sL * cGgk0\" f{ *,)(! cGgk0\" f{ sf:sL÷u08sL ( g'K;] &,*%% v'Da' ;fn] 'v'Da÷' ! !) zflGt lks &,%(! vD' a' ;fn] 'vD' a÷' ! !! nfª6fª ln?ª &,@#$ nfª6fª /; 'jf÷# !@ u0fz] lxdfn &,!^# u0f]z uf]/v f, wflbª÷# !# k'df]/L &,!^! vD' a'÷dxfnªu\\ '/ ;fn] v' D' a'÷! !$ uf/} Lzª\\s/ &,!#$ /fN] jflnª bfn] vf÷# !% ckL &,!#@ u/' f;F bfrn'{ f÷;b' '/klZrd !^ df5fk'R5]« ^,((# cGgk\"0f{ sf:sL÷u08sL !& ;k} fn &,)#! clk ;k} fn aemfª÷;b' '/klZrd !* sf~hL/f j] f ^,**# sfl~h/f j] f 8fN] kf÷s0ff{nL !( cdfbAnd ^,*!@ v'Da'÷dxfnªu\\ '/ ;fn] v' D' a÷' ! hu' n l;Gw'kfNrfs] ÷# @) hu' n 6fs/' f_ ^,%#% bfdf]b / d':t fª÷u08sL -e/} j @! e[s'6L ^,#^$ -v_ kxf8L k|b]z pQ/df lxdfn / blIf0fdf t/f O{lar /x s] f] dWoefu kj\" b{ l] v klZrd;Dd cUnfxf]rf kxf8x¿, km/flsnf–;fuF '/f pkTosf, b\"g, aF]; L tyf 6f/ / u/fo'Qm 6÷gk] fn kl/r o
kfvfx¿n] 3gLet\" 5 . blIf0fdf ;d'b| ;txb]l v sl/a #)) ld6/b ]l v pQ/df #,))) ld6/;Ddsf ee\" fux¿ cf]u6/] &^ lsnf]ld6/b ]lv !@% lsnf]ld6/;Dd rf8} f eO{ lj:tfl/t ePsf 5g \\ . ;ae} Gbf a9L e\"efu o; k|b]zn] cf]u6s] f] x'Fbf g]kfnnfO{ kxf8L dn' 's klg elgG5 . o; Ifq] df Onfd, kfFry/, tx] y| 'd, wgs'6f, efh] k/' , vf]6fª, cf]v n9'ªu\\ f, sfe|k] nf~rf]s, g'jfsf6] , tgx'F, ndhª' , sf:s L, :o fª\\hf, kj{t, kfNkf, uN' dL, c3fv{ frF L, DofUbL, afUn'ª, Ko'7fg, /fN] kf, ¿sd' -klZrd_, ;Nofg, hfh/s f6] , bn} v] , c5fd, 8f6] L, 88n] w'/f / a}t 8L u/L @( cf6] f lhNnf kb5{ g \\ . kxf8L k|b]z nfO{ lgDg tLg >0] fLdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 M r'/] kjt{ >0] fL g]kfnsf] blIf0fdf cjl:y t kj\" {bl] v klZrd;Dd kml} nPsf] lxdfno kj{tdfnf eGbf lgs}kl5 ljsl;t /x]sf] ;db' | ;txbl] v ^!) b]lv !*&@ ld6/sf] prfO;Dd ePsf] kjt{ dfnfnfO{ r'/] kj{t elgG5 . o;nfO{ ;fdfGotM rl' /of jf r/' ] kjt{ elgG5 . afxo\\ lxdfno elgg] of] kj{t lzjflnssf] gfdn] ;dt] kl| ;4 5 . of] gjLgtd kj{t xf ] . g]kfnsf] klZrddf cUnf] / kj\" d{ f xfr] f] x'Fb} lanfPsf] r/' ] dxfsfnLb]lv sf];L;Dd 5§' } >]0fL eP/ kml} nPsf] 5 . sf];Lk\"j{ y'DsLsf] ¿kdf df/] ª / emfkfsf] pQ/df d}gfr'nL, rn' frn' L 5g\\ . r/' ] kjt{ >0] fLsf] w]/ } efu hª\\unn] 9fs]sf] 5 . bfª, bp] v/' L, /fKtL, lrtjg cflb pkTosf bg\" cjf]Ggt (Synclinal) k|sl[ tsf efu 5g \\ . oxfF tftf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 . of]Ifq] n] !@=& kl| tzt -!,*&(,))) x]S 6/_ 9fs]sf] 5 . hnfwf/ If]qsf] prfO leGgtf &)) ld6/eGbf sd 5 . oxfsF f] df6f] jiffs{ f] kfgL yfDg ;Sg] vfnsf] 5g} . of] If]q df xj\\ fQ af9L cfPh:tf] jiffd{ f vf]nfx¿ aU5g \\ . jftfj/0fLo b[li6n] r/' ] kjt{ >]0 fL cToGt ;+j]bgzLn dflgPsf] 5 . ;txL 9ª' u\\ fn] lzjflns If]qsf] kj{tLo e\"efunfO{ lgoGq0f u/]s f] 5 . of] z[ª\\vnf sdhf/] Pjd\\ cl:y / 5 . sl/a (# k|ltzteGbf a9L e\"efu Hofb} 7f8f] / cK7]/f] ePsfn] v]tLsf nflu pko'Qm 5}g . lzjflns Ifq] df vt] L xg' ;Sg] hldg sl/a @$ k|ltzt -%,@(,^)) x]S6/_ 5 . bg\" pmi0f If]q eP klg oxfsF f] df6f] t/fOe{ Gbf leGg 5 . of] If]qdf kmnkm\"n / t/s f/L sd} x'G5 . o; If]q df cltqmd0fn] jgljgfz, e\"Ifo / kf| s[lts jftfj/0 f vnalng k'u]sf] 5 . lzjflns Ifq] sf] blIf0f Pp6f nfdf] k6] L k\"j{bl] v klZrd;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 . of] If]q afnj' f, sª\\s8, 9ª' \\uf / v'sn' f v;|f kbfyn{ ] ags] f] 5 . v's'nf] r§fgn] ag]sf] efa/d f ;fnsf] jghª\\un kfOG5 . ulx/f] 3fF6Ldf gbLn] yk' f/s] f df6fsf] efun] ag]sf db} fgx¿ uª\\uf d}bfgs} c+zsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g \\ . gk] fn kl/r o÷7
dxfef/t >]0fL k\"j{–klZrd kml} nPsf] ;db' | ;xtbl] v sl/a !@,))) lkm6;Dd prfOsf] of] kxf8L efu g]kfnsf] dxŒjk0\" f{ efu xf] . of] efu ;]n , :ofG8:6 fg] , nfOd:6 f]g, dfan{ , :n]6h:t f r§fgoQ' m 5 . 7n' f7'nf rf/ gbL s8f r§fg] kxf8 5]8 /] au]sf 5g\\ . s0ffn{ Ln] lr;fkfgLdf, sfnLu08sLn] b]j 3f6df, lqz\"nLn] hu' /Ldf / sf];Ln] rt/fdf 58] f] agfPsf] 5 . xfr] f] lxdfno (Lesser Himalaya) sf] gfdn] klg of] kj{t lrlgg] u5 { . oxfsF f] xfjfkfgL /d0fLo / :j:Yos/ xg' ] xbF' f dxfef/t kj{t >]0 fLnfO{ gk] fnsf] Hill-Station klg elgG5 . ;n} ª' u\\ , 6\\ofDs,] h}ys, kmn\" rf]sL, lzjk'/L , l5Ds]Zj/L, bfdg, :juå{ f/L, ;flsg] 8f8F f, vf]Fr cflb oxfsF f kd| 'v lzv/x'g \\ . kj\" L{ g]k fnsf tn' gfdf klZrdsf] efu a9L 7f8f] 5 . dWoe\"ld >0] fL dxfef/t kjt{ >0] fL / lxdfno kjt{ >0] fLx¿sf lardf /xs] f 7n' f–7n' f 6f/, a;+] L / pkTosfx¿nfO{ dWoed\" L elgG5 . o;cGtut{ sf7df8f,}F kfv] /f , lqzn' L, kfrF vfn, df8L h:tf pkTosfx¿ kb5{ g \\ . gk] fnsf rdl] nof -;b' /\" klZrd_, lqzn\" L -dWo_, ;g' sf;] L / c?0f tyf tdf/] gbLåf/f lgldt{ 7n' f pkTosf Pjd\\ ;dy//pj/{ Ifq] dWoel\" dcGtut{ k5g{ \\ . oxfF tl' Dnª6f/ -;ªv\\ j' f;ef_, ?Dhf6f/ -cfv] n9ª' u\\ f_, aN] 6f/ -pbok/' _ dªu\\ n6f/ -sfek]| nf~rfs] _,vd' n6f/-nlntk/' _ ,a§f/-gj' fsf6] _,;Nofg6f/-wflbª_,v/} g] L6f/ -tgx_F' , rf/} hxf/L6f/ -?sd' _ h/f of6] f/ -efh] k/' _, v/f gL6f/ -gj' fsf6] _ h:tf 6f/ klg 5g \\ . dWokjt{ Lo If]q n] gk] fnsf] @(=% kl| tzt -$,#%),#)) xS] 6/_ hldg 9fss] f] 5 . oxfFsf] hnjfo' jif}l{ e/s[lifsf nflu pko'Qm 5 . tfkqmd g a9L g 36L dWod ks| f/sf] 5 . hg;ª\\of jl[ 4n] ubf{ el\" ddfly a9L rfk k/]sf] 5 . oxfF *& k|ltzt v]t LofU] o el\" d kj{tLo kfvfsf ¿kdf /x]s f 5g \\ . dWokxf8L el\" dsf] u/f v]tL k|ljlw g} :yflkt kl| jlw xf] . s[lif, jg / jfuafgLaf6 o;nfO{ ;3fp x'gu] /]sf] 5 . dWokxf8df lkS| oflDao| g (Precambraian), kmfOnfO6;\\ (Phyllites), Sjf6h{ fO6;\\ (Quartzites), cev| , lzi6 / ug]| fO6 (Granite) h:t f ljljw r§fg kfOG5g \\ . dWokxf8sf] blIf0f lsgf/fdf kf| oM dxfef/t ns] h:t f p7s] f (Uplifted) kjt{ 5g \\ . of] efu CtI' fo ePsf ug]| fO6, rg' 9ª' u\\ f, 8fn] fd] fO6, ;n] , :o fG8:6fg] , :n6] / Sjf6h{ fO6n] ags] f] 5 . lzjflns h:t f] eI\" fosf] ke| fj 5g} . o; Ifq] sf s8f r§fg ek\" fiff0f ePsf efu 7f8f] le/-#% l8uL| 9nfe] Gbf a9L_ / kftnf] df6fn] 9fss] f] xg' fn] vt] Lsf nflu pkoQ' m 5g} . kxf8L k|b]zdf ls/f t -/fO{, lnDa_\" , tfdfª, du/, u?' ª, afx'g, Ifq] L, gj] f/ 8÷g]kfn kl/ro
cflb ljleGg hfltsf dflg;x¿ a;f]a f; u5{g\\ . kxf8 cfkm}Fd f ljljwtfoQ' m ePsfn] oxfFsf] 3/ lgdf{0f, njfOvjfO, k;] f cflbdf leGgtf kfOG5 . kmnkmn\" v]t L /h8La6' Lsf nflu a9L pko'Qm jftfj/0f kfOG5 . kxf8sf blIf0f kfvfdf a:tL / v]tL w]/} e]l 6G5g \\ . o; e]sdf Onfd, wgs'6f, rg} k'/, efh] k/' , cfv] n9'ªu\\ f, r/L sf6] , agk] f, sf7df8f}F, kfv] /f, h'Dnf, ;Nofg, l;nu9Lh:tf ;fgf7'nf a:tL 5g \\ . kxf8L Ifq] sf] sn' a:tLdWo] !,))) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf !^=#& k|ltzt, !))!–@,))) ld6/; Dddf %(=) ( k|ltzt /o;eGbf dfly #,))) ld6/; Dddf !(=(( kl| tzt a:t Lx¿ /xs] f] kfOG5 . ;jf{lws a:t Lx¿ !))!–@))) ld6/; Dddf s]lGbt| 5g\\ . cfly{s lqmofsnfkdf kxf8L If]q d\"ntM kmnkm\"n /vfBfGgsf nflu pkoQ' m If]q xf ] . wfg, ds,} ux'F / u]8fu8' Ldf of] If]q ljljwtfo'Qm pTkfbgzLn Ifq] eP klg pj{/e \"ldsf] sdLn] ubf{ vfBfGg cefj x'g]ub{5 . sf7df8fF} pkTosf sf7df8fF,} nlntk'/ / eQmk/' u/L tLg lhNnfx¿ sf7df8fF} pkTosfdf ;dfjz] ul/Psf 5g\\ . tflnsf g+= !=# kxf8L kb| ]zdf cjl:yt dV' o pkTosfx¿ pkTosf prfO -dL=_ lhNnf sf7df8fF} !##& sf7df8f},F nlntk'/ / eQmk'/ lqz\"nL %&( g'jfsf]6 kfv] /f *!( sf:sL kfrF vfn *&! sfe]|knf~rfs] agk] f !%%$ sfe]k| nf~rfs] kf6g !%#$ a}t8L wl' ga;] L *%) wflbª bfª ^^# bfª ;v' {]t ^^$ ;v' ]t{ pbok'/ #^) pbok/' -u_ t/fO{ kb| ]z kxf8L efubl] v blIf0ftkm{ ef/tsf] ;Ldf;Dd kj\" k{ lZrd kml} nPsf] gk] fnsf] ;dtn ee\" fu t/f O{ kb| z] xf ] . o;nfO{ dw;] klg elgG5 . o; kb| z] sf] rf8} fO @% gk] fn kl/ro÷9
lsnfl] d6/b l] v #) lsnfl] d6/;Dd 5 . t/fOs{ f] l;/f g efa/ / r/' ] xf ] . pQ/af6 blIf0flt/ xfr] f] xbF' } hfg' t/fOs{ f] nIf0f xf ] . of] Ifq] pmi0f Ifq] xf ] . oxfsF f] hldg kf| oM ;dyn 5 . ;g\\ !(^) ;Dd of] Ifq] df yf¿x¿sf] afxN' o lyof ] . cfn} f] pGdn' gkl5 bg\" pkTosf kxf8nufot cGo Ifq] sf hgtfsf] klg sG] b:| y n eO{ of] Ifq] axh' ftLo Ifq] aGof ] . ;db' ;| txaf6 ^) bl] v ^)) ld6/sf] prfOdf /xs] f] 5 . o;nfO{ gk] fnsf] cGge08f/ klg dflgG5 . o; Ifq] cGtu{ t emfkf, df/] ª , ;g' ;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/fxf, wgi' ff, dxfQ] /L, ;nfx{ L, /f t} x6, af/f, k;f,{ gjnk/f;L -ab3{ f6 ;:' tf klZrd_, ¿kGbx] L, slknj:t ,' afsF ,] albo{ f, sn} fnL / s~rgk/' u/L !* lhNnfx¿ kb5{ g \\ . t/fO{ kb| z] nfO{ lgDg tLg >0] fLdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5M vf; t/fO{ bz] sf] blIf0fL efudf blIf0ftkm{ xf]lrbF } uPsf] ee\" funfO{ vf; t/fO{ elgG5 . ldxLg kfuF f] df6fn ] ag]s f] of] If]q pj{/ /x]sf] 5 . lrtjgsf] blIf0fdf ;fd] Z] j/ kj{tdfnf / bp] v/' Lsf] blIf0fdf 8'G8j' f kj{tdfnfn] sf6]sfn] vf; t/fOn{ fO{ tLg efu -k\"jL{, dWo / klZrd_ df afF8\\g] klg ul/Psf] 5 . emfkf, df/] ª, ;Kt/L , l;/fxf, wgi' ff, dxf]Q/L, /ft} x6, af/f , k;f{sf] blIf0f, gjnk/f ;Lsf] klZrd blIf0f, ¿kGb]xL / slknj:t'sf] blIf0f / afsF ], alb{of, sn} fnL / s~rgk/' s f] blIf0fL If]qnfO{ g]kfnsf] vf; t/f O{ elgG5 . efj/ Ifq] vf; t/fOs{ f] pQ/ / r'/] kj{tdfnfsf] blIf0fdf ;db' |;txbl] v #*) ld6/sf] prfO;Dd km}lnPsf] ;fFu'/f] k6] LnfO{ efj/ If]q elgG5 . * bl] v !) dfOn;Dd rf}8fO ePsf] efj/ kb| ]zn] dn' s' sf] sn' Ifq] kmnsf] $=% k|ltzt e\"efu cf]u6]s f] 5 . leqL dw]; r'/] / dxfef/t kj{t >]0fLsf] lardf ;d'b| ;txb]lv ^!) ld6/sf] prfO;Dd rf/}lt/ kxf8 kj{tn] 3]l/O{ km}lnPsf ljzfn kmfF6nfO{ leqL dw]; jf b\"g If]q elgG5 . #@ b]lv ^$ ls=ld=;Dd nDafO /!^ ls=ld= ;Dd rf}8fO ePsf] of] If]qn] d'n'ssf] s'n If]qkmnsf] *=% k|ltzt e\"efu ;d]6]sf] 5 . leqL dw];nfO{ rf/ If]qdf afFl8Psf] 5 . o;df pbok'/ / l;Gw'nL pkTosfnfO{ k\"jL{ leqLdw];Ù dsjfgk'/, lrtjg / gjnk/f;L -ab{3f6 ;':tf k\"j{_nfO{ dWo leqL dw];Ù bfª b]pv'/LnfO{ klZrdL leqL dw]; / ;'v]{t pkTosfnfO{ dWoklZrd leqLdw]; elgG5 . !=@=@ gbLsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] ljefhg -s_ sf];L Ifq] -kb| z] _ kj\" d{ f s~rghª3\\ f lxdfnbl] v klZrddf nfª6fª lxdfn -uf;] fO:yfg_ larsf] 10÷g]kfn kl/ro
Ifq] nfO{ sf;] L kb| z] elgG5 . tdf/] , c?0f, lnv,\" bw\" sf;] L, tfdfsf;] L, ;g' sf;] L / OGbf| jtL ldn/] ;Ktsf;] L gbL ags] f] 5 . of] gk] fnsf] ;ae} Gbf 7n' f] gbL xf ] . of] gbL &@) ls=ld= nfdf] 5 eg] hnkj| fx Ifdtf cf;} t !,%^$ Sol\" js ld6/ kl| t ;s] 0] 8 /x s] f] 5 . o; gbLaf6 @@,))) du] fjf6;Dd ljBt' \\ lgsfNg ;lsg] cgd' fg ul/P sf] 5 . sf;] L kb| z] sf] ke| fj Ifq] emG8} ^) xhf/ ju{ ls=ld= /xs] f] 5 . ;Ktsf;] L gbLsf] ;ae} Gbf 7n' f] ;xfos gbL c?0f xf] eg] ;ae} Gbf ;fgf] gbL lnv' xf ] . -v_ u08sL If]q -kb| ]z_ kj\" d{ f nfª6fª lxdfnb]lv klZrddf wjnflu/L lxdfn;Ddsf]u08sL gbL ke| fljt If]qnfO{ u08sL k|b]z elgG5 . u08sL gbLsf ;ft kd| 'v ;xfos gbLx¿ lqz\"nL, a9' Lu08sL, b/f}bL, dfbL, d:of{ªb\\ L, ;]tL / sfnLu08sL x'g\\ . uf08j Clifsf] gfdaf6 gfds/0f ul/P sf] dflgPsf] o; gbLnfO{ lrtjg lhNnfdf cfPkl5 -bj] 3f6eGbf tn_ gf/f o0fL gbLsf] gfdn] lrlgG5 . of] gbL dWog]k fndf aUb5, h;sf] k|jfx If]q sl/a #*,))) ju{ ls=ld /x]sf] 5 . sl/a ##* ls=ld= nfdf] o; gbLsf] ljB't\\ Ifdtf sl/a @!,))) d]= jf= /x]s f] dflgPsf] 5 . o;sf ;xfos gbLx¿dWo] sfnLu08sL ;a}eGbf 7'nf] / b/f}bF L ;ae} Gbf ;fgf] xf ] . g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf ulx/f] of] gbLn] k|lt;s] ]08 cf}; t !&!# So'=ld= kfgL k|jfx ub{5 . -u_ s0ffn{ L Ifq] -kb| z] _ kj\" d{ f wjnflu/L lxdfnbl] v klZrddf Jof; lxdfnlar s0ffn{ L gbL ke| fljt If]q nfO{ s0ffn{ L k|bz] elgG5 . s0ffn{ L gbLsf ;ft kd| 'v ;xfos gbLx¿ x'Dnf s0f{fnL, du' ' s0ff{nL, 7n\" L e]/L, ;fgL e]/L , ltnf, a'9Luªu\\ f / ;]tL gbL x'g \\ . o;nfO{ g]k fnsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] gbL klg elgG5 . of] gbL ef/tdf k'uk] l5 3f3F/f / ;/o\" gfdn] ;d]t lrlgG5 . of] gbL sl/a $@,))) j=ls=ld= If]qkmn ;d6] /] aUb5 . sl/a %)& ls=ld= nfdf] o; gbLsf] ljBt' \\ pTkfbg Ifdtf #@,))) d=] jf=/x ]sf] dflgPsf] 5 . of] gbLsf] cf}ift hnkj| fx Ifdtf kl| t;]s]G8 !#!^ So'=ld= /x s] f] 5 . !=@=# xfjfkfgLsf] cfwf/df gk] fnsf] ljefhg g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgLnfO{ efu} f]lns agfj6 / prfOsf] cfwf/df kfFr ks| f/sf xfjfkfgLdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . -s_ pmi0f dg;g' L xfjfkfgL (Sub Tropical Monsoon Climate) cwp{ mi0f / pkfi] 0f xfjfkfgL elgg] o:t f] xfjfkfgL gk] fnsf] t/f O,{ efj/, bg' / r/' ] Ifq] sf] !,@)) ld6/ -$,))) lkm6_ ;Ddsf] prfOdf kfOG5 . uL| idofddf oxfsF f] tfkdfg #* bl] v $@ l8uL| ;l] G6u8]| ;Dd kU' b5 eg] zLtsfndf !% bl] v g]kfn kl/ro÷11
% l8uL| ;Dd cfl] nG{ 5 . jiff{ Ctd' f lxGb dxf;fu/s f] aªu\\ fnsf] vf8Laf6 cfpg] dg;g' L xfjfn] jiff{ u/f pg] ub5{ . jiff{ ;fdfGotf kj\" a{ f6 klZrd 36b\\ } hfg] / pQ/af6 blIf0f a9b\\ } hfg] ePaf6 kj\" L{ t/f Oe{ Gbf klZrdL t/f O{ kb| z] df clws udL{ xG' 5 . ljifz] t e/} xjf, gk] fnu~h tyf sn} fnLnufotsf t/fO{ Ifq] df clws udL{ xG' 5 . o;u} /L bfª, ;v' t{] h:t f leqL dw;] df klg udL{ w/] } g} xG' 5 . -v_ Gofgf] ;dzLtf]i0f xfjfkfgL (Warm Temperate Climate) r'/] kxf8 / dxfef/t kj{tsf] !,@)) b]lv @,!)) ld6/ -$,)))–&,))) lkm6_ ;Ddsf] prfOdf kfOg] o; k|sf/sf] xfjfkfgLdf u|Lid ofddf Gofgf] x'G5 eg]lzlz/d f a9L 7G8f x'G5 . u|Lid Ct'df tfkqmd @$ b]lv #!) l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8;Dd k'U5 eg] lxpbFdf ) l8u|L ;]= ;Dd cf]ln{G5 . g]kfndf kfgL kfg]{ dg;'gL xfjf blIf0fL efuaf6 aUg] x'Fbf blIf0fsf] le/fnf] 7fpFdf @%) ;]lG6ld6/;Dd jiff{ x'G5 eg] pQ/tkm{sf] le/fnf] kfvfdf !)) ;]lG6ld6/;Dd jiff{ x'G5 . -u_ 7G8f ;dzLtfi] 0f xfjfkfgL (Cool Temperate Climate) dxfef/t kj{t z[ªv\\ nfsf] @,!)) bl] v #,#%) ld6/ -&,)))–!!,))) lkm6_ ;Ddsf] prfOdf kfOg] o:tf] xfjfkfgLdf u|Lid Ctd' f Gofgf] xG' 5 eg] lxpbF df lgs} hf8f] xG' 5 . oxfsF f] tfkqmd u|Liddf !%) bl] v @)) ;l] G6u]8| ;Dd k'Ub5 eg] lxpbF df )) ;]l G6u8]| ;Dd cf]ln{G5 . oxfF jifd{ f !) ;]lG6ld6/;Dd kfgL kb{5 eg] lxpbF df lxpF jlif{G5 . Go\"g tfkqmd /Gog\" jiff{sf]sf/0fn] oxfF vt] LkftL cToGt} sd x'G5 . oxfFsf] hghLjg si6s/ eP klg :j f:Yosf] bl[ i6n] o:tf] xfjfkfgL pkoQ' m dflgG5 . -3_ n]sfnL xfjfkfgL (Alpine Climate) g]kfndf ;d'b|;txb]lv #,#%) b]lv %,))) ld6/ -!!,)))–!^,))) lkm6_ prfO;Ddsf] lxdfnL If]qsf] 7G8f xfjfkfgLnfO{ n]sfnL xfjfkfgL elgG5 . oxfFsf] tfkqmd r}t, j}zfv, h]7df !)) ;]lG6u|]8;Dd k'Ub5 eg] c¿ ;dodf -( dlxgfhlt_ ) l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8eGbf tn g}/xG5 . oxfF jiff{df #) ldlnld6/; Dd jiff{ x'G5 . oxfF v]t LkftL x'Fb}g, t/oxfFsf 7'nf lxdfnL kmfF6x¿df kz'r/g u/fOg] x'Fbf of] 7fpF kz'kfng / ko{6sLo ultljlw ;~rfngsf nflu pko'Qm 5 . -ª_ wj'| Lo jf lxdfnL xfjfkfgL (Tundra Climate) lxdfnL Ifq] sf] cToGt} lr;f] / z'is xfjfkfgLnfO{ lxdfnL, w|j' Lo jf 6'G8«f xfjfkfgL elgG5 . oxfF ;Fwh} ;f] lxdkft eO/x G5 eg] jiff{sf ¿kdf lxpF g} kb5{ . %,))) xhf/dL=-!^))) lkm6_ eGbf dflysf]ee\" fusf] tfkqmd z\"Go 12÷gk] fn kl/r o
l8u|L ;l] G6u|]8eGbf sd x'g] xb'F f oxfF dWofGxkl5 lxpsF f] eLif0f x'/L rNb5 . oxfsF f]xfjfkfgLnfO{ lxdfnL d¿e\"ld hnjfo' klg eGg] ul/G5 . !=# gk] fnsf] /f hgLlts ljefhg -;ª3\\ , kb| z] / :y fgLo tx_ !=#=! ;ª3\\ ;ª\\3Lo nfs] tflGqs u0ftGq gk] fnsf] d\"n ;/+ rgf ;ª3\\ , k|b]z / :yfgLo tx u/L tLg txsf] x'g] Joj:yf 5 . ;ª\\3Lo ;/+ rgfsf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] PsfOsf] ¿kdf /x g] ;ª3\\ Lo txnfO{ ;ª\\3sf ¿kdf kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 . ;ª\\3Lo ;/s f/nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf gfdn] klg lrlgG5 . g]k fnsf] ;l+ jwfgn] cg';\"rL % df ;ª3\\ sf] clwsf/sf] ;\"rLsf] Joj:y f u/s] f] 5 . To:t f] clwsf/s f] ko| f]u ;l+ jwfg / ;ª3\\ Lo sfgg' adf]lhd xg' ] 5 . To;}u /L cg';\"rL & df ePsf] ;femf clwsf/sf] ;r' L / cg';\"rL ( adf]lhdsf] ;ª\\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] ;femf clwsf/ ;'rLsf] k|ofu] klg ;ª\\3 dfkmt{ xg' ] ub{5 . ;fy} cljlzi6 clwsf/sf] k|of]u ;ª3\\ Lo ;/s f/n] ug{] Joj:y f u/]s f] 5 . !=#=@ k|b]z ;+ljwfg adfl] hd ;ª\\3Lo PsfOdf ljefhg ul/Psf] g]kfnsf] ;ª3\\ Lo PsfOsf] Ifq] / :j ¿knfO{ kb| ]zsf ¿kdf kl/e flift ul/P sf] 5 . gk] fnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] cg';\"lr $ adfl] hd & kb| z] / ;DalGwt kb| ]zdf /x g] lhNnfx¿sf] af/]df :k i6 u/]sf] 5 . h;cg;' f/ ;ft kb| ]znfO{ lgDgadfl] hd ;ª\\lIfKt rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . k|b]z g+ ! o; k|b]zsf] kj\" t{ km{ ef/t sf] klZrd au+ fn / l;lSsd /f Ho, blIf0ftkm{ laxf/ /fHo, pQ/tkm{ rLgsf] :jzfl;t If]q ltAat tyf klZrdtkm{ kb| z] g+ @ / afudtL k|b]z kb{5g\\ . k|b]z g+ ! df tfKnh] 'ª, kfrF y/, Onfd, ;ª\\vj' f;ef, t]/yd' , wgs6' f, efh] k/' , vf6] fª, ;f]nv' D' a', cf]vn9ª' u\\ f, pbok'/, emfkf, df/] ª / ;g' ;/L u/L !$ lhNnf /xs] f 5g \\ . k|b]z g+= ! sf] s'n If]q kmn @%,()% j=ls=ld= -gk] fnsf] s'n Ifq] kmnsf] !&=^)%_ /x]sf] 5 . o; kb| z] sf] 7'nf] lhNnf tfKnh] ª' -#,^$^ j=ls=ld=_ / ;fgf] lhNnf t]x|y'd -^&( j=ls=ld=_ /x]sf 5g \\ . xfn o; kb| ]zsf] /fhwfgL lj/f6gu/ -df/] ª_ /x s] f] 5 . sG] bL| o tYofª\\s ljefusf cg';f/ o; kb| z] df (,(@,$$% kl/j f/ ;ª\\Vof 5 eg] s'n hg;ª\\Vof $%,#$,($# -k?' if @!,^^,%#^ / dlxnf @#,^*,$)& /x]sf] 5 . hftLo tyf eflifs ljljwtf /x ]s f]o; kb| z] df dV' o ¿kdf af| x\\d0f, Ifq] L, /fO{, lnDa', yf?, nK] rf, tfdfª, u'?ª, dr] ,] sfr] ], ofbj, /fhj+zLnufotsf hfltx¿sf] a;f]af; /x ]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnL, dl} ynL, ls/ftL, tfdfª, lnDa,' u'?ª, nK] rf, du/ / yf? efiff dV' o ¿kdf afl] nG5g\\ . gk] fn kl/r o÷13
kb| z] g=+ @ o; k|bz] sf] k\"j{tkm{ kb| ]z !, blIf0ftkm{ ef/t, pQ/tkm{ kb| z] ! / afudtL kb| z] / klZrdtkm{ afudtL k|bz] /x]sf 5g\\ . kb| z] g+ @ df ;Kt/L, l;/fxf, wgi' ff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL, /f}tx6, af/f / k;f{ u/L cf7 lhNnfx¿ /xs] f 5g \\ . o; k|b]z sf] sn' If]qkmn (,^^! j=ls=ld= -gk] fnsf] s'n If]qkmnsf] ^=%&%_ /x ]sf] 5 . o; k|b]zsf] 7n' f] lhNnf ;Kt/L -!,#^# j=ls=ld=_ / ;fgf] lhNnf dxfQ] /L -!,))@ j=ls=ld=_ xg' \\ . o; k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL hgsk'/ -wg'iff_ /x]sf] 5 . o; k|b]z df s'n hg;ª\\Vof %$,)$,!$% 5, h;df k'?ifsf] ;ª\\Vof @&,!&,(#* / dlxnfsf] ;ªV\\ of @^,*^,@)& -;f| ]tM sG] bL| o tYofª\\s ljefu_ /x]s f] 5 . hftLo tyf eflifs ljljwtf /x]s f] o; k|b]z df d'Vo¿kdf ofbj, u'Ktf, bf;, yf?, /fhj+zL, d';ndfg nufotsf hfltx¿sf] a;fa] f; /x]sf] 5, eg] d}lynL, alHhsf, cjwL, pb'{, lxGbL,yf? /g]kfnL cflb efiff afl] nG5g \\ . afudtL k|bz] o; kb| z] sf] k\"jt{ km{ kb| z] !, klZrdtkm{ u08sL k|bz] , pQ/d f rLg / blIf0ftkm{ k|b]z @ / ef/t /xs] f 5g\\ . afudtL k|b]zdf bf]nvf, /f d]5fk, l;Gw'nL, sfe]k| nf~rf]s, l;Gw'kfNrfs] , /;'jf, g'jfsf6] , wflbª, lrtjg, dsjfgk'/, eQmk/' , nlntk/' , sf7df8fF} u/L !# lhNnfx¿ /x]s f 5g \\ . o; kb| z] sf] s'n If]qkmn @),#)) j=ls=ld= -g]kfnsf] s'n If]q kmnsf] !#=&(%_ . o; k|bz] sf] 7n' f] lhNnf l;Gwk' fNrfs] -@,%$@ j=ls=ld=_ / ;fgf] lhNnf eQmk/' -!!( j=ls=ld=_ /x s] f 5g\\ . o; kb| ]z sf] /fhwfgL x6] f8+} f -dsjfgk/' _ /x]sf] 5 . s]G bL| o tYofªs\\ ljefusf cg;' f/ o; k|b]zdf !@,&),&(& kl/jf/ ;ªV\\ of 5 eg] s'n hg;ªV\\ of %%,@(,$%@ -k'?if @&,$&,^## hgf /dlxnf @&,*!,*!( hgf_ /xs] f] 5 . hftLo tyf eflifs ljljwtf /x ]s f] o; k|bz] df d'Vo ¿kdf tfdfª, af| x\\d0f, If]qL, g]jf/ nufotsf hfltx¿sf] a;fa] f; /x]s f] 5 eg] gk] fnL, gj] f/L, tfdfª efiff d'Vo ¿kdf af]lnG5g \\ . u08sL kb| z] u08sL kb| z] sf] kj\" t{ km{ afudtL kb| z] , klZrdtkm{ s0ffn{ L kb| z] / nl' DagL kb| z] , pQ/d f rLg / blIf0ftkm{ nl' DagL kb| z] / ef/tsf] laxf/ /fHo;uF l;dfgf hfl] 8Psf] 5 . u08sL kb| z] df uf]/ vf, ndh'ª, tgx'F, sf:s L, dgfª, d:' tfª, kj{t, :ofªh\\ f, DofUbL, afUnª' / gjnk/f;L -ab{3f6 ;':tf kj\" {_ u/L !! lhNnfx¿ /xs] f 5g\\ . o; k|bz] sf] s'n Ifq] kmn @!,&## j=ls=ld= -gk] fnsf] sn' If]q kmnsf] !$=^!%_ /x s] f] 5 . o; kb| z] sf] 7'nf] lhNnf ufv] f{ -#,^!) j=ls=ld=_ / ;fgf] lhNnf kjt{ -$($ j=ls=ld=_ /x]sf 5g \\ . o; kb| ]zsf] /fhwfgL kfv] /f -sf:sL_ /x]sf] 5 . 14÷g]kfn kl/ro
sG] bL| o tYofª\\s ljefusf cg';f/ o; kb| z] df %,&*,@!( kl/jf/ ;ª\\Vof 5 eg]s'n hg;ª\\Vof @$,)#,&%& -k'?if !),(),*)* /dlxnf !#,!@,($( hgf_ /x s] f] 5 . hftLo tyf eflifs ljljwtf /x s] f] o; k|b]z df dV' o¿kdf af| x\\d0f, Ifq] L, u'?ª, du/ nufotsf hfltx¿sf] a;fa] f; /x]s f] 5 eg] gk] fnL, u'?ª, du/efiff d'Vo ¿kdf af]lnG5g \\ . n'lDagL k|b]z o; kb| z] sf] kj\" {tkm{ u08sL kb| ]z, klZrdtkm{ s0ff{nL kb| ]z / ;b' /\" klZrd kb| z] pQ/tkm{ u08sL kb| z] / s0ff{nL k|b]z / blIf0ftkm{ ef/t kb5{ . nl' DagL k|b]zdf gjnk/f;L -ab{3f6 ;:' tf klZrd_, ¿kGb]xL, slknj:t ,' kfNkf, c3f{vfrF L, u'NdL, ?sd' -k\"jL{ efu_, /f]Nkf, Ko'7fg, bfª, afsF ] /alb{of u/L !@ lhNnfx¿ /x ]sf 5g \\ . o; kb| ]zsf] s'n Ifq] kmn @@,@** j=ls=ld= -g]kfnsf] sn' If]qkmnsf] !%=!$%_ /x]s f] 5 . o; kb| z] sf] 7'nf] lhNnf bfª -@,(%% j=ls=ld=_ /;fgf] lhNnf gjnk/f;L ab{3f6 ;':t f klZrd -^#$=** j=ls=ld=_ /xs] f 5g\\ . o; k|bz] sf]/fhwfgL efnj' fª -bfª_ /x]sf] 5 sG] bL| o tYofª\\s ljefusf cg';f/ o; kb| ]zdf *,*%,@)# kl/jf/ ;ªV\\ of 5 eg]s'n hg;ª\\Vof $$,((,@&@ -k'?if @!,$),#!^ /dlxnf @#,%*,(%^ hgf_ /x ]s f] 5 . hftLo tyf eflifs ljljwtf /x]s f] o; kb| z] df d'Vo¿kdf af| xd\\ 0f, Ifq] L, du/, yf?, tfdfª, g]k fn, d;' ndfgnufotsf hfltx¿sf] a;f]a f; 5 eg] gk] fnL, yf?, cjlw, ef]hk/' L , pb',{ du/ efiff dV' o ¿kdf afl] nG5g \\ . s0ff{nL kb| ]z s0ffn{ L kb| z] sf] kj\" t{ km{ u08sL kb| z] / nl' DagL kb5{ . klZrdtkm{ ;b' /\" k lZrd kb| z] / rLg, pQ/tkm{ rLg / blIf0ftkm{ nl' DagL, ;b' /\" k lZrd kb| z] /xs] f] 5 . s0ff{nL kb| z] df ?sd' -klZrd_, ;Nofg, 8fN]kf, hD' nf, du' ,' x'Dnf, sflnsf6] , hfh/sf6] , bn} v] / ;v' {t] u/L !) lhNnfx¿ /x]sf 5g \\ . o; kb| z] sf] sn' Ifq] kmn @&,(*$ j=ls=ld= -gk] fnsf] sn' Ifq] kmnsf] !(=)!%_ /x s] f] 5 . o; kb| z] sf] 7n' f] lhNnf 8fN] kf -&,**( j=ls=ld=_ / ;fgf] lhNnf ?sd' klZrd -!,@!#=$(j=ls=ld=_/x s] f5g \\ .o;kb| z] sf]/fhwfgLjL/G] bg| u/s f];v' t{] df/xs] f]5 . sG] bL| o tYofªs\\ ljefusf cg;' f/ o; k|b]zdf @,(*,#%( kl/jf/ ;ªV\\ of 5 eg]s'n hg;ª\\Vof !%,&),$!* -k?' if &,^&,(@# /dlxnf *,)@,$(% hgf_ /x ]sf] 5 . hftLo tyf eflifs ljljwtf /xs] f] o; kb| z] df dV' o ¿kdf af| xd\\ 0f, 7s/' L, Ifq] L, z]kf,{ u?' ª, du/nufotsf hfltx¿sf] a;fa] f; /x s] f] 5 eg] g]kfnL, u'?ª, du/efiff d'Vo ¿kdf afl]nG5g \\ . ;b' /\" klZrd k|bz] ;'b\"/klZrd kb| ]zsf] k\"j{tkm{ s0ffn{ L k|b]z / nl' DagL k|b]z, klZrdtkm{ ef/t, gk] fn kl/ro÷15
pQ/t km{ s0ff{nL k|bz] /rLg tyf blIf0ftkm{ ef/t kb{5 . ;b' \"/klZrd kb| ]z df afh/' f, aemfª, 8f6] L, c5fd, bfr'{nf, at} 8L, 88n] w/' f , s~rgk/' / s}nfnL u/L ( lhNnfx¿ /x]s f 5g \\ . o; k|b]z sf] s'n If]qkmn !(,%#( j=ls=ld= -gk] fnsf] sn' If]qkmnsf] !#=@*%_ /xs] f] 5 . o; k|b]zsf] 7'nf] lhNnf aemfª -#,$@@ j=ls=ld=_ /;fgf]lhNnf at} 8L -!,%!( j=ls=ld=_ /xs] f 5g\\ . o; k|bz] sf] /f hwfgL uf]bfj/L -s}nfnL_ /xs] f] 5 . s]Gb|Lo tYofª\\s ljefusf cg';f/ o; k|b]zdf $,^(,(&! kl/jf/ ;ª\\Vof 5 eg]s'n hg;ª\\Vof @%,%@,%!& -k'?if !@,%@,%!& /dlxnf !#,#$,^#) hgf_ /x]sf] 5 . hftLo tyf eflifs ljljwtf /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf d'Vo ¿kdf a|fx\\d0f, If]qL, 7s'/L, yf? hfltx¿sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 eg] 8f]6]nL, v;, yf? efiff d'Vo ¿kdf af]lnG5g\\ . !=#=# gk] fnsf :yfgLo tx gk] fn ;/sf/n] gk] fnnfO{ &%# :yfgLo txdf ljefhg u/s] f] 5 . h;cg';f/ dxfgu/k flnsf ^, pkdxfgu/kflnsf !!, gu/kflnsf @&^ / ufpFkflnsf $^) /x]sf 5g \\ . tflnsf g=+ !=$ dxfgu/k flnsf qm= lhNnf dxfgu/k flnsfsf] hg;ªV\\ of Ifq] kmn j8f ;+= gfd -ju{ ls=ld=_ ;ª\\Vof ! sf7df8f}F sf7df8f}F (,&%,$%# $(=$% #@ @ nlntk'/ nlntk/' @,*$,(@@ #^=!@ @( # sf:sL kfv] /f $,!$,!$! $^$=@$ ## $ lrtjg e/tk'/ @,*),%)@ $#@=(% @( % df]/ª lj/f6gu/ @,!$,^^# && !( ^ k;f{ jL/u~h @,$),(@@ !#@=)& #@ tflnsf g=+ !=% pkdxfgu/kflnsf lhNnf qm= pkdxfgu/k flnsfsf] hg;ªV\\ of If]qkmn j8f ;+= gfd -ju{ ls=ld=_ ;ªV\\ of ;'g;/L ! O6x/L 1,40,517 93=78 20 @ w/f g 1,37,705 192=32 20 16÷g]kfn kl/r o
wgi' ff # hgsk/' 1,53,614 85=99 24 dsjfgk/' 19 $ x6] f8+} f 1,52,875 261=59 27 af/f 23 ¿kGbx] L % sn}of 1,23,659 108=94 19 19 bfª ^ lhtk/' –l;d/f 1,14,185 309=67 19 afFs] 23 s}nfnL & a6' jn 1,38,742 101=61 19 lhNnf * t'n;Lk'/ 1,41,528 384=63 j8f tfKn]h'ª ;ª\\Vof kfrF y/ ( 3f/] f xL 1,56,164 522=21 Onfd !! !) g]kfnuGh 1,38,951 85=94 !$ emfkf !! wgu9L 1,47,741 261=75 12 df]/ª 9 tflnsf g=+ !=^ 10 gu/k flnsf 14 15 qm=;+= gu/k flnsfsf] hg;ª\\Vof If]qkmn 10 gfd -ju{ ls=ld=_ 9 10 1 km'ªu\\ lng @^$)^ !@%=%& 11 11 2 lkmlbd $(@)! !(@=% 9 10 3 Onfd 48536 173=32 11 9 4 b]pdfO{ 32927 191=63 10 9 5 dfO{ 32576 246=11 6 ;\"of{b] o 56691 252=52 7 d]rLgu/ 111797 192=85 8 bds 75102 70=86 9 sGsfO{ 40141 80=98 10 ebk| /' 65543 96=35 11 chg{' wf/f 60204 109=86 12 lzj;tfIfL 64596 145=87 13 uf}/ fbx 53033 149=86 14 ljtf{df8] 81878 78=24 15 a]naf/L 65892 132=79 16 n6] fª 32053 119=23 17 ky/L zlgZr/] 62440 79=81 18 /ªu\\ n] L 52013 111=78 g]kfn kl/ro÷17
19 /t'jfdfO{ 55380 142=15 10 50758 106=4 9 20 ;'gjifL{ 54696 74=62 9 80518 110=16 12 21 pnf{af/L 63593 77=92 10 56269 76=67 12 22 ;'Gb/x/F}rf 51752 91=69 9 77408 222=09 11 23 Og?jf 22078 144=29 10 36619 10 ;'g;/L 24 bx' jL 24800 111 9 19659 129=39 10 wgs6' f 25 /fdwg' L 16970 100=21 9 tx] y| d' 27308 90=27 11 26 a/fx 18235 223=69 9 ;ª\\v'jf;ef 31177 132=82 11 27 kflva| f; 14470 122=78 9 ef]hk/' 17521 110=1 9 ;f]n'v'Da' 28 wgs6' f 27207 148=03 12 cfv] n9ª' \\uf 31610 159=51 14 vf6] fª 29 dxfnIdL 20399 241=15 10 28374 538=09 12 pbok/' 30 Dofª\\n'ª 29532 167=88 11 280=17 31 nfnLu/' f ;F 15 32 rg} k/' 14 10 33 wd{b]jL 16 9 34 vfbF af/L 35 dfbL 36 kfFrvkg 37 efh] k'/ 38 if8fgGb 39 ;f]n'bw\" s0' 8 40 l;l4r/0f 41 xn]; Ltj' fr'ª 42 lbQmn] ¿kfsf6] 46903 246=51 dem'jfu9L 43 s6f/L 56146 424=89 48574 283=78 44 rfb} 08Lu9L 87557 547=43 42386 344=73 45 lqo'uf 46 jn] sf 18÷gk] fn kl/r o
47 /fhlj/fh 67262 52 15 35898 143=33 12 ;Kt/L 48 s~rg¿k 49788 77=83 11 l;/fxf 65048 91=97 16 wgi' ff 49 8fSg]Zj/L 45367 96=77 11 33012 99=99 11 50 afb] a] /; fOg 44221 107=04 11 51 v8s 45734 118=19 14 52 zDeg' fy 21131 60=25 11 91766 167=17 24 53 ;?' ªu\\ f 47449 159=51 14 82531 94=2 22 54 xgd' fggu/ 52137 111=94 13 sª\\sflngL 50079 91=97 12 49288 76=81 12 %% ;Ktsf];L 30965 76=84 11 37592 54=78 10 56 nxfg 47453 60=39 11 57 wgu9LdfO{ 37300 244=31 11 58 l;/x f 45665 91=64 9 47628 49=19 10 59 ufn] ahf/ 38877 52=67 10 41030 181=90 10 60 ldr{}of 43770 57=37 9 45879 64=47 13 61 sNof0fk/' 65=85 9 33521 37=6 10 62 sh{Gxf 39145 48=71 9 63 ;l' vk'/ 64 lIf/]Zj/gfy 65 u0f]zdfg rf/gfy 66 wg'iff wfd 67 gu/fOg 68 ljb]x 69 ldlynf 70 ;lxbgu/ 71 ;an} f 72 sdnf 73 ldlynf ljxf/L 74 x+;k/' gk] fn kl/r o÷19
75 hn]Zj/ 58549 44=26 12 63912 315=57 13 76 alb{af; 66673 144=73 12 39579 50=06 9 77 uf}zfnf 29612 39=54 9 49692 49=73 10 dxf]Q/L 78 nf]x/k §L 31026 29=02 9 46754 77=21 9 ;nfx{ L 79 /f dufk] fnk/' 42341 44=07 11 31751 35=76 9 l;Gwn' L 80 dg/f lz;jf 59986 163=83 15 /f d5] fk 46516 30=44 12 bf]nvf 81 dl6xfgL 59395 238=5 17 l;Gw'kfNrfs] 44342 73=45 10 82 euF fxf 51355 46=95 11 43924 86=12 11 83 anjf 69822 107=05 18 49452 12 84 cf/} x L 43429 52=1 11 40399 45=07 10 85 O{Zj/k'/ 42336 101=18 10 65064 48=11 14 86 dnª\\ujf 65302 482=57 14 45416 390=39 14 87 nfnaGbL 28612 211=78 9 15515 202=45 9 88 xl/k/' 32480 211=27 9 132=5 89 xl/k \"jf{ 46501 14 165=25 90 xl/jg 26700 9 45343 96=73 13 91 j/xyjf 158=17 92 an/f 93 uf8] 6} f 94 afUdtL 95 sljnfzL 96 sdnfdfO{ 97 bw' fn} L 98 dGynL 99 /f d]5fk 100 lh/L 101 eLdZ] j/ 102 rf}t/f ;fFufrfs] u9L 103 afxa| L;] 104 d]nDrL 20÷g]k fn kl/ro
sfek]| nf~rfs] 105 w'lnv]n 32162 55 12 nlntk/' 106 agk] f 55628 55 14 eQmk'/ 107 kgft} L 46595 118 12 sf7df8f}F 108 kfrF vfn 37997 103 13 gj' fsf]6 102 11 wflbª 109 gdf]a'4 29519 89 12 dsjfgk'/ 96=11 14 /f}tx6 110 dG8gbp] k'/ 32659 26=51 10 62=98 9 111 uf]bfj/L 78301 6=89 10 11=47 9 112 dxfnIdL 62172 42=45 10 27=38 12 113 rfuF g' f/fo0f 55430 14=76 10 58=5 9 114 eQmk'/ 81728 43=92 15 17=11 11 115 dWok/' lydL 83036 54=95 11 42=86 9 116 ;\"o{ljgfos 78490 29=85 10 34=8 13 117 sfu]Zj/L dgfx] /f 60237 60=21 9 130=01 13 118 sLltk{ '/ 65602 155=6 13 96=3 9 119 uf]s0f]Z{ j/ 107351 197=7 14 191=12 12 120 rGbf| lul/ 85198 249=96 10 44=46 9 121 6fv] f 99032 51=3 13 35=343 9 122 tf/s]Zj/ 81443 95=4 9 123 blIf0fsfnL 24296 124 gfufhg{' 67420 125 a'9flgns07 107918 126 zªs\\ /fk'/ 25338 127 ljb/' 54351 128 an] sf6] u9L 39888 129 wl' ga;F] L 31029 130 gLns07 58515 131 yfxf 41623 132 rGb|k/' 72058 133 u?8f 50481 134 uf/} 68476 135 afl} wdfO{ 36265 136 jG[ bfjg 42735 g]kfn kl/ro÷21
137 bj] fxL uf]gfxL 32143 33=99 9 138 u9LdfO{ 40410 49=44 9 139 u'h/f 46592 150=33 9 140 s6xl/o f 38413 40=69 9 141 dfwjgf/f o0f 35175 48=53 9 142 df}nfk'/ 26431 34=75 9 143 kmtj' fljhok'/ 36533 65=24 11 144 Ozgfy 41435 35=17 9 145 k/f ]xf 37453 37=45 9 146 /fhk/' af/f 147 /fhb]jL 31292 28=21 9 k;f{ 148 sfN] xjL 43036 157=4 11 lrtjg 149 lghu9 35335 289=43 13 uf/] vf 150 dxfu9LdfO{ 54474 55=32 11 ndh'ª 151 l;df| }g u9 49939 42=65 11 152 kr/f t} f 34175 44=01 11 153 kfv] l/o f 55338 56=81 11 154 jx'b/dfO{ 39673 31=55 9 155 k;f{u9L 68067 99=96 9 156 sflnsf 41442 149=08 11 157 v/} xgL 56094 85=55 13 158 df8L 37683 218=24 9 159 /Tggu/ 69848 68=68 16 160 /f KtL 57107 212=31 13 161 uf]/vf 49272 131=86 14 162 kfnª' \\6f/ 38174 158=62 10 163 a];L;x/ 39356 127=64 11 164 dWogk] fn 23385 113=86 10 165 /fOgfz 18527 71=97 10 166 ;'Gb/ahf/ 26861 72=05 11 22÷g]kfn kl/r o
tgx'F 167 efg' 45792 184 13 168 ledfb 31362 129 9 :o fª\\hf 169 Jof; 70335 248 14 170 z'Snfu08sL 48456 165 12 DofUbL 171 uNofª 36967 122=71 11 kjt{ 172 rfkfsf6] 26042 120=59 10 173 kt' nLahf/ 44876 147=21 14 afunª' 174 le/sf6] 25583 78=23 9 175 jflnª 51143 128=40 14 uN' dL 176 ag] L 33498 76=57 10 kfNkf 178 s':d f 39600 93=18 14 gjnk/f;L 178 kmnj] f; 24687 85=7 11 k\"j{ 179 afunª' 57823 98=01 14 180 unsf]6 33097 194=39 11 gjnk/f;L 181 h}ldgL 31430 118=71 10 klZrd 182 9f]/kf6g 26215 222=85 9 183 d'l;sf6] 32802 114=74 9 ¿kGb]xL 184 /;] 'Ëf 32548 83=74 14 185 /fdk/' 35396 123=34 10 186 tfg;]g 50405 109=8 14 187 sfjf;ft] L 62421 108=34 17 188 u}F8fsf6] 58836 159=93 18 189 b]jrn' L 42603 112=72 17 233=35 15 190 dWoljGb' 54140 162=05 16 128=32 18 191 ab{3f6 55382 139=1 13 136=95 12 192 /fduf| d 59455 112=21 13 162=18 11 193 ;'gjn 55424 36=03 13 126=19 17 194 b]j bx 53523 195 nl' DagL ;f:+ sl[ ts 72497 196 ;g} fd}gf 55822 197 l;4fy{gu/ 63483 198 ltnfQ] df 100149 gk] fn kl/ro÷23
199 slknj:t' 76394 136=91 12 64949 366=67 10 200 a'4e\"ld 66781 284=07 11 54800 112=21 11 slknj:t' 201 lzj/f h 62370 96=66 12 202 dx/f hu~h 75242 233=68 11 41079 129=42 12 203 s[i0fgu/ 43373 610=43 14 32640 159=13 10 204 jf0fuª\\uf 38449 128=96 10 30940 224=70 9 205 ;lGwvs{ 32759 270=42 10 32939 136=06 14 c3fv{ fFrL 206 zLtuª\\uf 27438 107=38 14 33601 560=34 14 207 e\"ldsf:yfg 33730 198=34 15 34118 163=14 12 Ko'7fg 208 Ko'7fg 36053 338=21 12 209 :ju{åf/L 47655 326=66 9 70647 184=26 15 /fN] kf 210 /f]Nkf 66679 118=21 12 46437 129=73 9 211 dl' ;sf6] 59553 127=08 10 44361 104=57 9 ?s'd klZrd 212 rf}/hxf/L 55875 206=08 9 68012 226=09 11 213 cf7la;sf6] 100458 245=06 16 214 zf/b f 41407 256=2 13 ;Nofg 215 afurf/} 43765 228=62 14 216 aguf8 sl' k08] 32231 329=9 11 bfª 217 ndxL 30295 180=92 10 afFs] 218 sfx] nk/' 219 u'nl/o f 220 dw'jg 221 /f hfk/' albo{ f 222 7fs'/a faf 223 afF;u9L 224 af/alb{of 225 jL/]Gbg| u/ 226 e]/Luª\\uf ;v' ]t{ 227 u'efs{ f6] 228 k~rk/' L 229 ns] a];L 24÷g]k fn kl/ro
230 gf/f o0f 27037 110=63 11 156=77 13 b}n v] 231 b'Nn' 41540 90=6 9 hfh/sf]6 232 rfd0' 8f 26149 8f]Nkf laGbf| ;}gL 168 9 h'Dnf 219=77 13 233 cf7aL; 29227 284=2 13 sflnsf6] 387=44 13 du' ' 234 e]/L 33515 421=34 11 afh'/f 395=54 11 aemfª 235 58] fuf8 35295 102=03 10 c5fd 133=29 11 8f6] L 236 gnuf8 25597 59=73 9 262=56 11 sn} fnL 237 7'nL e/] L 8370 480=67 14 9 238 lqk/' f ;G' b/L 10104 276 9 170=32 10 239 rGbggfy 19047 10 59=2 11 240 vf8F frqm 20288 232=48 11 166=79 14 241 /f:s f6] 16272 447=59 10 210=14 14 242 ltnfu'kmf 15766 120=78 9 166=71 9 243 5fofgfy /f /f 20078 147=75 11 126=62 9 244 a8Ldflnsf 16818 285=37 12 118=33 10 245 lqj]0fL 18363 354=45 246 a9' Luª\\uf 21677 225 247 a'9LgGbf 18776 248 hok[YjL 22191 249 a'ª\\un 33224 250 dªu\\ n;g] 32331 251 sdnahf/ 23738 252 ;fFkm]au/ 33788 253 k~rbj] n ljgfos 27485 254 lbkfon l;nu9L 32941 255 lzv/ 31801 256 6Lsfk'/ 76084 257 3f]8f3f]8L 75586 258 nDsLrx' f 75425 g]kfn kl/r o÷25
s~rgk' / 259 ehgL 51845 176=25 9 88]Nw/' f 260 uf]bfj/L 78018 308=63 12 at} 8L 261 uf/} Luª\\uf 55314 244=44 11 bfr'{nf 262 eLdbQ 104599 171=8 19 lhNnf 263 kg' fjf{; 53633 103=71 11 264 j]bsf]6 49479 159=92 10 tfKn]h'ª 265 dxfsfnL 39253 56=84 10 266 z'Snfkmf6F f 46834 162=57 12 267 an] f/} L 53544 123=37 10 268 si[ 0fk/' 56643 252=75 9 269 cd/u9L 21245 139=33 11 270 k/z'/fd 34983 414=07 12 271 bz/yrGb 34575 135=15 11 272 kf6g 30435 219=26 10 273 dn] fg} L 22545 119=43 9 274 kr' f8{}F L 39174 198=52 10 275 dxfsfnL 21231 135=11 9 276 z}N olzv/ 22060 117=81 9 tflnsf g+= !=& ufp“kflnsf qm=;=+ ufp“kflnsfsf] hg;ªV\\ of Ifq] kmn j8f gfd -ju{ ls=ld=_ ;ª\\Vof !#&*$ 1 cf7/fO{ lqj]0fL !@)(( **=*# % !@)!& @)^ & 2 l;lbªj\\ f (!^) !*%*=%! & !@%$* $$@=(^ % 3 kmQmfªn'ª !!)#& @!)=## ^ !#* ^ 4 ldSjfvfn] f 5 dl] /ªb]g 6 dj} fvfn] f 7 kfyLe/f !#%(! (#=&^ ^ ofªj/s 8 l;l/hª\\uf !%*)^ $*!=)( * 26÷gk] fn kl/ro
kfFry/ 9 kmfnn] ª' @!**$ @)&=!$ * Onfd 10 kmfNug' Gb @$)^) !)&=%# & emfkf 11 lxlnxfª df]/ª 12 s'Ddfos 22913 123=01 7 13 ldSnfhª' 16118 129=3 5 14 tD' j]jf 24715 166=61 8 15 ofªj/s 13419 117=34 5 16 kmfskmf]sy'd 18281 208=63 6 17 rn' frn' L 21619 108=79 7 18 dfOh{ f]udfO{ 20820 108=46 6 19 dfª;]a'ª 21044 172=41 6 20 /f]ª 18503 142=41 6 21 ;Gbsk/' 19135 155=06 6 22 sdn 16065 156=01 5 23 uf}/ Lu~h 44365 104=57 7 24 afx|bzL 33038 101=35 6 25 emfkf 33653 88=44 7 26 a'4zflGt 34601 94=12 7 27 xNbLaf/L 41615 79=78 7 28 srgsjg 29223 117=34 5 29 a'9Luªu\\ f 39535 109=45 30 wgkfnyfg 41586 56=41 7 31 uf| dyfg 39394 70=26 7 32 hxbf 32717 71=84 7 33 sfgk] fv] /L 41819 62=38 7 34 s6x/L 38033 82=83 7 35 s/] f af/L 39775 51=59 7 36 ldSnfh'ª 30431 219=83 10 28708 158=98 9 g]kfn kl/r o÷27
37 bj] fgu~h 35073 53=56 7 75=98 8 38 sf];L 4326 67=7 6 69=43 6 ;g' ;/L 39 u9L 34852 63=37 8 wgs'6f 52=29 7 tx] y| 'd 40 ah'{ 31178 166=44 10 ;+v'jf;ef 99=55 7 41 efq] mfxf g/l ;x+ 40509 102=83 6 efh] k'/ 147=60 8 ;fn] v' D' a' 42 xl/g u/f 40846 167=07 7 133=93 6 43 ;fuF '/L u9L 21536 110=83 5 70=09 6 44 ;lxbel\" d 18760 639=01 5 88=63 5 45 5y/ hf]/k f6L 18322 519=45 6 222=08 6 46 rfl} a;] 19283 293=26 5 173=41 9 47 cf7/f O{ 21747 158=83 8 154=76 7 48 5y/ 16715 118=86 6 193=33 6 49 km]b fk 17700 184=89 10 142=61 9 50 d]G5ofod] 8078 167=67 7 1539=11 5 51 ef6] vf]nf 6576 144=6 9 52 lrlrnf 7065 53 dsfn' 13204 54 ;efkfv] /L 10492 55 l;lnrfª] 12174 56 6D] sd] }o'ª 17911 57 /f dk;| fb/f O{ 18848 58 c?0f 17687 59 kfj} fb'ªdf 15394 60 ;fNkfl;ln5f] 13111 61 cfdrfs] 18720 62 xt'jfu9L 20404 63 bw' sf];L 13414 64 v'Da' kf;fªNxfd' 8989 65 y'nª' b'wsf];L 19672 28÷g]kfn kl/ro
66 gr] f;Nofg 16129 94=49 6 11452 648=05 5 67 dfxfs'n'ª 5534 124=38 5 9530 5 68 lnv' lks] 15106 103 9 18613 179=77 10 69 ;f]tfª 15196 126=91 8 21082 126=91 9 70 lvlhb]Djf 15862 146=61 8 14049 9 71 rDkfbj] L 18550 112 10 16097 88=03 7 72 lr;v+ u' 9L 133=69 143=75 6 15444 125=93 6 cf]vn9'ª\\uf 73 dfg]eGHofª 22474 97=44 9 15288 128=68 7 vf]6fª 74 dfn] ª' 20175 164=09 7 pbok/' 11594 191=55 5 ;Kt/L 75 lnv' 14349 136=59 6 30731 79=99 8 76 ;'gsf];L 14562 141=57 5 23481 269=51 8 77 P];F ]n'vs{ 11992 119=11 5 204=08 78 /fjfj;] L 28481 106=8 5 79 hGt9] 'ªu\\ f 33867 77=08 8 28542 6 80 vf]6x] fª 26068 47=92 6 22010 34=97 5 81 s]lknf;u9L 33=04 37=81 82 lbk'|ª r'Or'Ddf 83 ;fsn] f 84 a/fxkf]v/L 85 pbok/' u9L 86 tfKnL 87 /f}tfdfO{ 88 lnDrª' a'ª 89 cUgL;fO/ s[i0ff;j/g 90 l5Ggd:t f 91 dxfb]jf 92 anfgljx'n 93 lt/x t' g]kfn kl/ro÷29
94 ltnf7L 32389 32=91 8 sfO] nf8L 26387 56=08 6 95 ¿kgL 23982 38=7 5 22454 40=25 7 96 aN] xL rkg] f 20957 33=03 5 23046 35=86 5 97 lji0f'k'/ 18522 26=34 5 25256 37=72 5 98 eujfgk'/ 26913 42=33 6 19369 29=28 5 99 cf}/xL 18558 32=84 5 22912 37=76 5 100 lji0fk' /' 19019 32=18 5 25085 27=62 6 101 al/of/k§L 19679 28=14 5 l;/fxf 102 nIdLk/' ktf/L 25482 26=84 6 wgi' ff 103 g/xf 28251 30=66 7 dxfQ] /L 21395 22 5 ;nf{xL 104 ;vj' fgfGsf/fs§L 32294 8 38962 36=32 8 105 cg{df 38747 30=97 8 33791 57=77 7 106 gj/fhk/' 27430 21=57 6 35524 28=08 7 107 hgs glGbgL 39=98 7 46805 25=33 13 108 a6Z] j/ 33328 43=36 7 32881 47=5 9 109 dl' vofk§L 46=06 d;' x/ldof 110 nIdLlgof 111 wgfh} L 112 cf}/xL 113 Ps8f/f 114 ;f]gdf 115 ;fD;L 116 dxf]Q/L 117 lkk/f 118 sf8} g] f 119 rqm3§ 120 rGbg| u/ 121 wgsf}n 30÷gk] fn kl/ro
122 aX| dfk/' L 36169 40=56 9 40128 51=59 10 123 /fdgu/ 39204 39=87 12 23=12 6 124 lji0f' 23568 29=42 6 19329 184=13 7 125 k;f{ 13661 166=77 5 38395 280=26 11 126 a;al/of 16968 186=06 6 27822 324=55 8 127 uf]nGhf/] 21473 154=68 7 27727 343=9 8 128 £ofªn]v 17601 451=99 7 27761 150=7 9 129 tLgkf6g 20058 198=4 6 22738 140=88 7 l;Gw'nL 130 lkmSsn 23109 124=51 7 /fd5] fk 18141 186=98 5 bfn] vf 131 dl/0f 22954 132=49 9 l;Gwk' fNrf]s 17062 681=39 9 132 ;'gsf];L 18849 153=06 7 20210 86=54 7 133 xl/x/k/' u9L 18449 663=2 8 19876 80=41 8 134 pdfs'08 20098 128=67 8 28517 105=09 12 135 vfF8fb]jL 19331 273=62 7 136 ufs] 'nuªu\\ f 20860 187=29 8 137 bf/] Daf 138 lnv' tfdfsf];L 139 ;'gfktL 140 sflnGrfs] 141 uf}/Lzª\\s/ 142 tfdfsf;] L 143 dn] 'ª 144 lau' 145 j}tZ] j/ 146 z}n'ª 147 OGb|fjtL 148 h'un 149 kfFrkfv] /L yfªkfn gk] fn kl/r o÷31
sfe]|knf~rf]s 150 an]k mL 18909 61=60 8 nlntk'/ 151 ef]6 s] f;] L 17156 278=31 5 /;'jf 152 ln;ª\\v' 15155 98=61 7 153 ;g' sf];L 16713 72=84 7 g'jfsf]6 154 x]nDa' 17671 287=26 7 155 lqk/' f;G' b/L 15062 94=28 6 156 vfgLvf]n f 14398 7 157 rf/} Lbp] /f nL 20829 132 9 158 t]dfn 22712 98 9 159 ay] fgrfs] 16777 89 6 160 eD' n' 18916 101 10 161 dxfef/t 18283 91 8 162 /f z] L 28746 186 12 163 sf]GHof;] fd] 9709 176 5 164 afUdtL 13049 44=16 7 165 dxf+sfn 9453 111=49 6 166 pQ/uof 8255 82=44 5 167 sflnsf 9421 104=51 5 168 uf;] fOsF '08 7143 192=54 6 169 gf}s'08 11825 978=77 6 170 cfdf 5f]lbªd\\ f] 5490 126=99 5 171 ssgL 27073 682=23 8 172 ls:k fª 14861 87=97 5 173 tfbL 17932 82=57 6 174 tf/s Z] j/ 15719 69=8 6 175 bK' rZ] j/ 22106 72=62 7 176 kGrsGof 15945 131=62 5 177 lnv' 16852 53=47 6 178 Douª 13479 47=88 6 97=83 32÷g]kfn kl/r o
wflbª 179 lzjk/' L 20769 101=5 8 180 ;\"ou{ 9L 16800 49=09 5 dsjfgk/' 181 vlgofaf; 12749 120=8 5 /ft} x6 182 uh'/L 27084 138=66 8 af/f 183 uN5L 27784 129=08 8 184 uªu\\ fhdg' f 21784 152=72 7 185 Hjfnfdv' L 23966 114=04 7 186 yfqm] 32914 96=41 11 187 gq] fjtL 12870 181=78 5 188 a]gL3f6 /f]/fª 31475 29=17 10 189 ?jL EofnL 95665 401=85 6 190 l;4n]s 23729 106=09 7 191 lqk'/f ;'Gb/L 22960 271=23 7 192 OGb;| /f]j/ 17585 97=34 5 193 sn} fz 23922 204=48 10 194 as}o f 39620 393=75 12 195 afudtL 30495 311=79 9 196 eLdkmb] L 23344 245=27 9 197 dsjfgk'/u9L 25322 148=72 8 198 dgx/L 38399 199=52 9 199 /flS;/fª 26192 226=7 9 200 b'ufe{ ujtL 39288 30=41 8 201 odg' fdfO{ 23884 5 202 cfbz{ sf6] jfn 27552 16=7 8 203 s/o} fdfO{ 26400 36=25 8 204 bj] tfn 23223 47=69 7 205 la>fdk/' 23785 23=31 5 206 k/jfgLk'/ 37795 19=81 9 207 k;| fg} L 33485 29=25 7 26=35 g]kfn kl/ro÷33
208 km6] f 30786 26=1 8 27191 39=29 6 209 af/u9L 29602 36=84 8 31591 45=29 6 210 ;j' 0f{ 19911 24=41 5 26671 24=90 5 211 hu/gfyk/' 20717 21=26 5 24468 26=04 5 212 wf]lagL 20296 128=67 5 21131 24=33 5 213 l5kx/dfO{ 22765 55=39 5 32448 74=27 6 214 ksxf d}gk'/ 36226 103=11 7 25012 166=73 7 k;f{ 215 ljGbjfl;gL lrtjg 25389 200=63 8 uf]/v f 216 7f/] L 23628 121=66 8 ndhª' 217 sflnsfdfO{ 14802 198=05 5 23887 160=79 10 218 lh/f ejfgL 23253 123=86 8 6923 1648=65 7 219 ;vj' f k|;f}gL 13229 651=52 7 22033 101=25 8 220 k6j] f{ ;u' f}n L 27555 148=97 9 10032 175=37 9 221 OR5fsfdgf 10975 153=33 6 18392 350=93 9 222 af/kfs 18759 597=25 9 ;'lnsf]6 223 l;/fgrfs] 224 clh/s f6] 225 cf?3f6 226 u08sL 227 rd' gj' L| 228 wfr{] 229 eLd;g] yfkf 230 ;lxb nvg 231 SJxfn] f;f]y f/ 232 bw\" kf]v/L 233 bf]bL{ 234 d:ofª{ \\bL 34÷g]kfn kl/ro
235 cfa'v/} g] L 20768 128 6 25870 215 8 236 l/l ;ª 19318 126 5 16131 159 5 tgx'F 237 l3l/ª 22502 115 7 20013 102 6 :o fª\\hf 238 bj] 3f6 16176 57=22 6 sf:sL 16589 69=61 6 dgfª 239 DofUb] 21728 73=51 7 d':tfª 12341 56=73 5 DofUbL 240 aGbLk'/ 18413 95=79 8 17343 87=48 7 241 ch'g{ rfk} f/L 23417 33=33 11 21868 544=58 9 242 cfwF Lvf]nf 18153 563 12 14519 94=81 7 243 sfnLu08sL 1129 78=86 5 837=54 5 244 km]bLvf]nf 538 709=58 1938 694=63 9 245 lj?jf 2222 316 5 3029 289 5 246 xl/g f; 2912 247 cGgk0\" f{ 1423 248 df5fkR' 5]« 1899 2330 249 dfbL 13315 14104 250 ¿kf 16286 251 rfd] 252 gfkfe{ \"ld 253 gf;f] 254 dgfª l8:ofª 255 3/kemfª] 256 yf;fª 257 nf] 3s] / 1344 5 bfdf]b/s0' 8 258 nf]dGyfª 727 5 886 5 259 af/u'ª d'lQmIfq] 556=41 8 1037 7 260 cGgk0\" f{ 89 5 261 wjnflul/ 262 dªu\\ nf g]k fn kl/ro÷35
263 dflnsf 19458 147 7 15753 379 8 264 /3 'uª\\uf 21454 82=26 9 15381 42=65 7 265 hnhnf 9857 49=38 6 21284 143=6 8 266 ko} F' 13403 44=8 6 14492 75=28 5 kj{t 267 dxflznf 22865 82=88 8 10659 178=02 6 268 df]bL 12009 129=53 5 20611 244=37 7 269 ljxfbL 30906 178=68 10 20964 81=88 6 270 a/ª] 18876 101=04 7 22037 79=99 7 271 sf7]vfn] f 23807 115=92 8 21827 105=73 8 afun'ª 272 tdfgvf]nf 18581 67=38 6 273 tf/f vfn] f 21481 87=01 6 22454 86=32 7 274 lg;Lvf]n f 21899 94=52 7 21729 92=49 8 275 al8uf8 22611 194=5 7 19589 138=05 6 276 O:df 20190 94=12 5 25017 215=49 8 277 sfnLu08sL 11085 202 6 21361 84=17 9 278 u'NdLb/af/ 18770 124=55 8 279 ;TojtL u'NdL 280 rGb|sf6] 281 ?? Ifq] 282 5qsf]6 283 ws' f6{] 284 dbfg] 285 dflnsf 286 lg:b L 287 k\"jv{ f]n f 288 /D ef kfNkf 289 dfyfu9L 290 ltgfp 291 augf;sfnL 292 l/AbLsf6] 36÷gk] fn kl/ro
gjnk/f;L 293 /}gfb]j L 5x/f 26469 175=88 8 klZrd 294 ;':tf 43797 112=17 7 gjnk/f ;L 295 kfNxLgGbg 35429 44=67 7 296 k|tfkk'/ 41315 87=55 9 k\"j{ 297 ;/f jn 38163 73=19 7 298 al' nª6f/ 19122 147=68 6 ¿kGb]xL 299 ljgoL lqj0] fL 25036 267=13 5 300 afb} LsfnL 15734 91=87 6 slknj:t' 301 xK' ;s] f]6 25065 189=21 6 c3fv{ fFrL 302 u8+} xjf 47565 96=79 9 303 sGrg 33072 58=51 5 304 sf]6xLdfO{ 41006 58=26 7 305 drj{ f/L 38776 48=55 7 306 dfofbj] L 47196 72=44 8 307 cfd] ;ltof 34191 48=54 6 308 /f l] x0fL 37175 64=62 7 309 ;Dd/L dfO{ 38305 50=78 7 310 l;o/L 38466 66=17 7 311 z'4f]wg 34638 57=66 7 312 dfofb]j L 48218 88=53 8 313 ozfw] /f 37952 67=56 8 314 z'4f]wg 45201 91=69 6 315 ljhogu/ 36937 173=19 7 316 5qbj] 25336 87=62 8 317 kfl0fgL 26424 151=42 8 318 dfnf/fgL 28044 101=06 9 g]kfn kl/ro÷37
Ko'7fg 319 ufd} v' L 25421 139=04 7 320 df08jL 15058 113=08 5 /f]Nkf 321 ;?df/f gL 18627 157=97 6 322 dNn/fgL 17686 80=09 5 ?sd' k\"j{ 323 gf}a lxgL 30292 213=41 8 ?s'd 324 lemd?s 27931 106=93 8 klZrd 325 P/] fjtL 22392 156=75 6 ;Nofg 326 lqj]0fL 22957 205=39 7 327 bO' {vfn] L 20778 163=01 6 328 df8L 17986 129=05 6 329 ?G6Lu9L 27929 232=69 9 330 n'ªu\\ L| 23631 135=23 7 331 ;l' sbx 20009 124=38 7 332 ;'g5xf/L 16034 277=62 7 333 ;'j0ffj{ tL 28213 156=55 8 334 yjfª 10881 191=07 5 335 ky' f pQ/u ªu\\ f 17932 560=34 14 336 ed\" ] 18589 273=67 9 337 l;:g] 16497 327=12 8 338 aflF kmsf6] 18696 190=42 10 339 lqj]0 fL 19404 85=49 10 340 ;fgLe/] L 22194 133=8 11 341 sfnLdf6L 23005 500=72 7 342 lqj]0fL 16624 119=11 6 343 sk/' s f]6 18204 119=21 6 344 5q]Z j/L 21452 150=69 7 345 9f/] r f/} 13593 89=36 5 346 s'dfvdflnsf 24972 177=28 7 347 bfdf{ 19966 81=46 6 38÷gk] fn kl/ro
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