tech-2022_11(104)

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. METHOD OF ACCELERATING DRYING PROCESS BY INITIALLY WORKING IN IMPULSE-PAUSE MODE Shokir Issakov Assistant, Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Republic of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh E-mail: [email protected] Azizbek Kilichov Assistant, Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Republic of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh E-mail: [email protected] СПОСОБ УСКОРЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕССА СУШКИ ЗА СЧЕТ ПЕРВОНАЧАЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ В ИМПУЛЬСНО-ПАУЗНОМ РЕЖИМЕ Исаков Шoкир Аллаберди оглы ассистент, Джизакский политехнический институт, Республика Узбекистан, г. Джизак Киличов Азизбек Абдугани оглы ассистент, Джизакский политехнический институт, Республика Узбекистан, г. Джизак ABSTRACT At the global level, one of the important tasks is to ensure the production of agriculture, food products and its safety, and research and development activities aimed at improving drying devices are being carried out. АННОТАЦИЯ На мировом уровне одной из важных задач является обеспечение производства сельскохозяйственной, пищевой продукции и ее безопасности, проводятся научно-исследовательские и опытно-конструкторские работы, направленные на совершенствование сушильных устройств. Keywords: range, frequency, electromagnetic field, ultrasound, mechanical, vibrational, impulse-continuous. Ключевые слова: диапазон, частота, электромагнитное поле, ультразвук, механический, колебательный, им- пульсно-непрерывный. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Agriculture, food production and ensuring its safety obtaining semi-finished and ready-made food products is one of the most important tasks on a global scale. In from them, saving energy resources spent on products, this direction, in developed countries such as the USA, creating resource-saving drying technologies that ensure France, Turkey, Germany, Ukraine, Russia, to improve the the production of high-quality products. In the Strategy combined drying device and technology for high-quality of Actions aimed at the further development of the drying of fruits and vegetables, to create a new type of Republic of Uzbekistan, including \"... deepening struc- raw material, to expand the area of the main use of the tural changes and consistent development of agricultural obtained products, to obtain them in an environmentally production, further strengthening the country's food se- friendly state, to be effective without waste creating curity, expanding the production of environmentally technologies is important. friendly products, increasing the export potential of the agricultural sector significant increase....\" tasks are defined. In global practice, research and development is be- In this regard, among other things, scientific research ing carried out to improve the technology of drying food aimed at combining the development of technologies of products using hot air flow, drying technology using in- dry products with methods of drying using electromag- frared light, and drying devices. netic waves in the infrared range of energy supply is of great importance. Certain results are being achieved in our republic in terms of in-depth processing of agricultural products, __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Issakov S.A., Kilichov A.A. METHOD OF ACCELERATING DRYING PROCESS BY INITIALLY WORKING IN IMPULSE-PAUSE MODE // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 11(104). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/14597

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of the impulse is 15-20 times greater than the power No. PF-4947 of February 7, 2017 \"On the Strategy of of energy provided for normal drying, and consists in Actions for Further Development of the Republic of Uz- breaking the water structure of the product. As a result, bekistan\", No. PF-5388 of March 29, 2018 \"Fruit in the it has been proven that it is easier to remove these waters Republic of Uzbekistan - on additional measures for the from the product composition, the degree of drying is rapid development of vegetable production, PQ-3682 deepened, and energy consumption is reduced. Impulse dated April 27, 2018 \"Measures for further improvement effects can be organized in different ways: single and of the system of practical implementation of innovative multiple impulse effects, the time of impulse exposure can ideas, technologies and projects\" This dissertation research be increased or decreased, the pause between them can serves to a certain extent the implementation of the tasks be decreased or increased. The pulse can be generated defined in the Resolutions and other regulatory legal from combinational sources. documents related to this activity. In Figure 1.1, the period of pulsed-continuous energy In the middle of the 20th century, A.V. Likov supply is increasing, and the period between pulses is suggested that before drying the product, it should be decreasing. This example shows 4 periods. It is possible repaired by means of a strong impulse in various forms and to choose an optimal mode by studying the amount, then dried. It can be pulsed effects of electromagnetic duration, power, temperature and energy consumption field, ultrasound, mechanical, vibrational, chemical means of periods. with different wavelengths and frequencies. The power Figure 1. In the ascending order of the pulse-continuous energy supply cycle Figure 2. In the constant (constant) order of the pulse-continuous energy supply cycle Figure 1.2 shows the invariant sequence of the analyze changes in product temperature and energy con- pulsed-continuous energy supply cycle. It is possible to sumption during the drying process and choose the opti- mal process. 35

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Figure 3. In descending order of pulse-continuous energization period In Figure 3, the period of pulse-continuous energy constant at the final temperature of IR-processing, tobr - supply is decreasing, and the period between pulses is time of IR-processing [91;1154 b]. increasing. In this example, 4 periods are also given. By experimentally studying the rate of decomposition Mathematical modeling of the process of drying ag- of vitamin C during the drying process, the authors of ricultural products the study created a differential equation showing the decrease of the component over time. Mathematical modeling of the vacuum IR-drying process, study of technological regimes and theoretically ������������������������������ = ������������������ − ������������������������������щ (2) based design of industrial drying devices are of practical ������������ (3) interest from an analytical or analytical-experimental point of view. Thanks to modern information technologies, ������������������������������ = ������������������ ∙ ������������������������������щ this method provides an opportunity to study the process ������������ of vacuum IR-drying in a wide range of conditions and regimes [85, 86, 87]. ������������������������������щ = ������������������������ − ������������������������ In the studies, the method of mathematical modeling { ������������������ = 0.3 ∙ ������������������ (������−65) of this production system is seen, in which the conceptual model of the complex system under study is created and 9 determined by the functions and connections suitable for the study determined at the stage of analysis [88; Based on many uncertain methods, approximate 234-340 b]. search methods, the authors created a mathematical model of vitamin C loss and performed its parametric identifi- In studies [89;34-97 b], creation of models in cation. Protein denaturation was studied using the same GPSS/PC language was considered. The sequence and method. conditions for the formation of the managerial influence of a similar model are explained. Arithmetic variables The research includes the material and energy are defined, as well as continuous, discrete and attribute balance of the IR-drying process of agricultural prod- type functions. ucts, as a result of which the mathematical interpretation of moisture and heat distribution is as follows: The authors of the study studied and developed modeling and optimization systems that analyze the Q(h)=Q_0∙〖exp〗^((-sh) ) (4) movement of the studied module, including mathematical, software-algorithmic, informational and technological Here, Q0, Q(h) is the initial and final energy passing support. through the thickness of the drying material over time, kDj; s - ray extinction coefficient, m-1; h - elementary layer According to the definition of the authors seen in the thickness, m. research, the equation showing the nutrient content of agricultural products during IR-drying is as follows: The authors present a mathematical model of the process of drying tomato seeds (dispersable nutrient N_obr (t_obr )=N_0∙exp∙[-l^* (t_obr )∙t_obr ] (1) material) in pneumatic transport equipment. It includes the equation of material and heat balance, the equation where,N_0,N(t)-l^* (t_obr )- respectively, the initial of temperature and moisture distribution in the cross- and final amounts of the components in the raw materials section of the device, the hydrodynamic state of moisture before and after drying, the content of substances in the raw inside the seed, and the equation of molecule diffusion. materials before drying, l^(* ^ ) (t_obr ) - decomposition The resulting module serves to study the process of drying tomato seeds in a pneumatic device, and serves as initial information for the design of suitable devices. 36

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. References: 1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 No. PF-4947 \"On the strategy of actions for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan\". 2. Douglas J. Arendt, Alison Wise, Rachel Gelman. The status and prospects of renewable energy for combating global warming // Energy Economics, Volume 33, Issue 4, July 2011, Pages 584-593. 3. Kholdorov Bakhodir Baratovich, Irmatov Otabek Saidovich, son of Issakov Shokir Allaberdi, son of Sadullaev Jasur Mansur. Drying products with infrared rays. \"Universum: technical science\" 5(98). Moscow 2022. 4. Issakov Shokir Allaberdi oğlu Methods of optimization of the fruit drying process. \"Universum: technical science\" 6(99). Moscow 2022. 37

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. TRANSPORT EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE TRANSPORTATION OPERATION OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES ON THE FLAT SECTION OF THE RAILWAY Oleg Ablyalimov Candidate of Technical Sciences, professor, professor of the chair «Loсomotives and locomotive economy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Anna Avdeyeva Candidate of Technical Sciences, associate professor of the chair «Materials science and mechanical engineering» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Otabek Khamidov Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of the chair«Loсomotives аnd locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Кhusan Кosimov Senior lecturer of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Obidjan Кasimov Master, senior lecturer of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Jasurbek Yakubov Master, аssistant of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Utkir Safarov Master, аssistant of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] __________________________ Библиографическое описание: EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE TRANSPORTATION OPERATION OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES ON THE FLAT SECTION OF THE RAILWAY // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. Ablyalimov O.S. [и др.]. 2022. 11(104). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/14604

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПЕРЕВОЗОЧНОЙ РАБОТЫ ЛОКОМОТИВОВ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ ТЯГИ НА РАВНИННОМ УЧАСТКЕ ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ Аблялимов Олег Сергеевич канд. техн. наук, профессор, проф. кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Авдеева Анна Николаевна канд. техн. наук, доц. кафедры «Материаловедение и машиностроение» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Хамидов Отабек Рустамович д-р техн. наук, зав. кафедрой «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Косимов Хусан Рахматуллаевич ст. преподаватель кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Касимов Обиджан Таирджанович магистр, ст. преподаватель кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Якубов Жасурбек Камолиддинович магистр, ассистент кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Сафаров Уткир Истамович магистр, ассистент кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент ABSTRACT The results of the investigation of energy indicators of hauling electric locomotives hauling and kinematical parameters of the freight train movement on validation is given without stoping and with stoping on the virtual plain of railway district. The research results were obtained in the form of tabular data, graphical dependencies and regression equations designed to determine the main indicators of the transportation operation of electric traction locomotives on virtual and, identical to them, real flat sections of the railway and are recommended for implementation into the practice of specialists of the locomotive complex of the Uzbek railways. АННОТАЦИЯ Представлены результаты исследований по обоснованию энергетических показателей перевозочной работы локомотивов электрической тяги без остановок и с остановками на виртуальном равнинном участке железной дороги. Результаты исследований получены в виде табличных данных, графических зависимостей и уравнений регрессий, предназначенных для определения основных показателей перевозочной работы локомотивов электри- ческой тяги на виртуальных и, идентичным им, реальных равнинных участках железной дороги и рекомендуются для внедрения в практику работы специалистов локомотивного комплекса узбекских железных дорог. 39

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Keywords: investigation, result, the freight train, the electric locomotive, railway track, parameter, the stage, analy- sis, the station, time, speed, plain, virtual. Ключевые слова: исследование, результат, грузовой поезд, электровоз, железнодорожный путь, параметр, разъезд, анализ, станция, время, скорость, равнинный, виртуальный. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction In these works, there are no calculations of the efficiency of using electric locomotives in the territory of Uzbekistan. To ensure the efficient operation of railway transport, a high level of renewal of rolling stock fleets, Calculations must be made for different types and modernization and strengthening of the infrastructure of for different structures of cargo, on different sections related organizations, and development of the technical of the route in terms of complexity. There are four types base for repair production are required. of track profile [1]: flat, hilly, hilly-mountainous and mountainous, which affect the traction quality of freight To implement the above, it is necessary to conduct traffic. The purpose of the study is a theoretical substan- scientific research on the regulatory and methodological tiation of the energy efficiency indicators of the use of framework aimed at substantiating the parameters of the freight electric locomotives of the VL80S series on a flat main indicators of operational readiness, reliability, section of the track. safety and resource of traction rolling stock, taking into account the infrastructure of railway transport associ- The calculations presented in the article are a logical ated with the organization of the transportation process. continuation of the studies of one of the authors of this article [2-4]. Therefore, the already existing methods [9, Increasing the capacity of electric railways (includ- 11] of the theory of locomotive traction were taken as ing Uzbek ones) can be achieved by increasing the vol- the basis of the research algorithm. The material and ume of cargo and the number of passengers, as well as technological conditions of freight traffic on a straight introducing promising resource-saving technologies section of the track are taken from statistical data [2,5]. into the work of railways. Therefore, it is very important The object of study is electric locomotives of the 3VL80S to develop and use optimal modes of freight transporta- series of various weights, and a straightened section of tion, with economical consumption of energy resources the railway. for train traction and in compliance with the safety of train traffic. Optimization of freight transportation re- The subject of the study is the main energy indicators gimes will enhance the operational activities and capac- of the 3VL80S electric locomotive. Their effectiveness, ity of electrified sections of railways. in quantitative and monetary terms, on a given section of the path. The energy and performance indicators of Theoretical and experimental studies, which are car- the studied freight electric locomotive 3VL80S, taking ried out at the Department of Locomotives and Locomo- into account the design features, are given in detail in tive Economy of the Tashkent State Transport previous works by one of the authors of the article [8]. University, are aimed at substantiating the parameters of The characteristic of the straightened track profile of the the movement of freight traffic, and at the rational use flat section of the railway is given in [2,3]. of electric locomotives. Results and analysis of the study Tasks and methods of research Energy performance indicators of the use of a three- The results of research work of foreign scientists section electric locomotive 3VL80S, on a flat area, de- Alekseeva T.L., Savoskin A.N., Elshibekov A.M., pending on various transportation conditions, are given Cheremisina V.T., Natesan P., Bueno A. [6-10,13] in Table. 1 (in quantitative and monetary terms). Calcu- ndoubtedly have scientific and practical value for the lations are given for movement without stops, and with operation of rail transport. However, these works do not stops, at intermediate stations. The index \"*\" (asterisk) address the issues of substantiation of the kinematic pa- indicates the cost of funds (the cost of electrical energy), rameters of the main energy indicators of freight traffic. including value added tax. 40

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Table 1. Indicators of the transportation work of electric locomotives 3VL80S on a flat section of the railway track Terms Electricity consumption Electricity cost transportation work mass of number train full A, specific a, full Сэ, full Сэ with specific ce, specific сэ composi- of axes speed, kWh Wh/tkm sum VAT, som/km with VAT, tion Q, t m, axes V, km/h sum 4 gross 6 som/km 123 5 7 89 Movement without stops Stage А – В 2500 200 86,68 1681,35 25,72 146345 175533* 5596,4 6712,5* 3000 200 86,45 1779,59 22,68 154895 185789* 5923,3 7104,7* 3500 200 85,48 1954,53 21,35 170122 204053* 6505,6 7803,2* Stage В – С 2500 200 96,16 481,97 10,74 41951 50318* 2337,1 2803,2* 3000 200 94,89 482,08 8,95 41960 50329* 2337,6 2803,8* 3500 200 95,31 538,80 8,58 46897 56251* 2612,6 3133,7* Stage А – С 2500 200 90,31 2163,32 19,62 188295 225850* 4269,7 5121,3* 3000 200 89,70 2261,67 17,09 196856 236118* 4463,8 5354,1* 3500 200 88,50 2493,33 16,50 217019 260304* 4921,1 5902,6* Stopover traffic Stage A - B 2500 200 80,46 1628,52 24,91 141746 170017* 5420,5 6501,6* 3000 200 78,45 1705,69 21,74 148463 178074* 5677,4 6809,7* 3500 200 76,54 1903,63 20,80 165692 198739* 6336,2 7600,0* Stage В – С 2500 200 73,77 772,99 17,22 67281 80700* 3748,2 4495,8* 3000 200 75,31 896,81 16,65 78058 93627* 4348,6 5216,0* 3500 200 73,26 903,5 14,38 78641 94325* 4381,1 5254,9* Stage А – С 2500 200 77,60 2401,51 21,78 209027 250718* 4739,8 5685,2* 3000 200 77,14 2602,50 19,67 226522 271701* 5129,7 6161,0* 3500 200 75,17 2807,13 18,19 244322 293064* 5540,2 6645,4* The dynamics of the averaged values, kinematic pa- in fig. 1 and fig. 2. The average values were taken in the rameters of the movement of freight trains, and the pa- range from Q1 = 2500 t to Q3 = 3500 t (the mass of a freight rameters of the energy indicators of the freight traffic of train), for two different types of traffic, as arithmetic 3VL80S electric locomotives, depending on the mass of mean values. the train (for two types of rail transportation), is shown 41

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Figure 1. Averaged kinematic parameters of motion freight train on a flat section of the railway Figure 2. Average еnergy еfficiency рarameters electric locomotives 3VL80S on the flat section of the railway The authors of the article analyzed the effectiveness 3. The average train travel time for acceleration - of the use (quantitative and qualitative components) of the 3VL80S electric locomotive, on a given, flat area, deceleration is 0.0283 h, a decrease in the mass of the in the process of transporting various types of cargo. train by ∆Q = 500t leads to a decrease in the time for The obtained parameters were compared with similar values for a unified freight train. deceleration by 1.76 percent, and the time for accelera- tion remains unchanged with an increase in the mass of The results of the traction calculation obtained by the train by ∆Q = 500t the time of the train to accelerate - one of the authors of the article [10] and the data in Table 1 for a freight train with a unified mass Q2=3000 t and a deceleration increases by 8.82 percent; constant number of axles (m = 200) show the following results: 4. The total and specific average consumption of 1. The average total train travel time is 0.492 h electric energy for train traction is 2306.11 (2603.71) kWh (0.572 h), a decrease in train mass by ∆Q = 500 t leads to a decrease in the total train travel time by 0.68 (0.58) percent, and 17.74 (19.88) Wh/t km, respectively. The total and and with an increase in train mass by ∆Q = 500 t, an specific average costs of electric energy correspond, increase in this time by 1.35 (2.62) percent; respectively, to 200723 (226684) soums and 4551.5 2. Technical speed of the train with a similar change the mass of the composition tends to increase and decrease (5136.6) soums - excluding VAT and 240757 (271828) within the same limits, and, on average, it is equal to 89.50 (76.64) km / h; soums and 5459.3 (6164.9) soums - including VAT; 5. An increase in the mass of the composition by ∆Q = 500 tons contributes to an increase in the total consumption of electricity by 10.24 (7.86) percent, however, the specific consumption of electricity in this case decreases by 3.45 (7.52) percent, and a decrease in the mass of the composition by ∆Q = 500t provides a reduction in the total and an increase in the specific 42

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. consumption of electricity, respectively, by 4.35 (7.72) Total electricity consumption per trip A, kWh and 14.80 (10.73) percent; А = 66,655,6Qi2 – 101,62Qi +2198,3 ∕ А* = 6. Reducing the mass of the composition by ∆Q = =1,82Qi2 + 195,53Qi +2204,2 (5) 500t leads to a decrease in the total and specific cost by an average of 4.35 (7.72) percent, and with an increase Specific electricity consumption per trip a, Wh/tkm in the mass of the composition by ∆Q = 500t, these in- gross dicators increase by an average of 10.24 (7.86) percent; а = 0,97Qi2 – 5,44Qi + 24,09 ∕ а* = (6) 7. Reducing the mass of the train by ∆Q = 500t =0,315Qi2 – 3,055Qi + 24,52 leads to a decrease and an increase in the use of traction Total cash costs of СЭ, sum modes [1], as well as idling and braking [2], respectively, by 2.67 (3.05) percent, and with an increase in the mass СЭ = 5801Qi2 – 8842Qi + 191336 ∕ Сэ* = (7) of the composition by ∆Q = 500 tons, on the contrary, =152,5Qi2 + 17038Qi + 191837 there is an increase and decrease in these indicators by 5.57 (1.83) percent; Total cash costs С**Э including VAT, som/km 8. The travel time of the train in the idling and brak- С**Э = 6959Qi 2 – 10609Qi + 229500 ∕ СЭ** = ing mode, as well as in the traction mode, varies, respec- tively, from 0.245 h (0.266 h) to 0.178 h (0.246 h) and =190Qi2 + 20413Qi + 230115* (8) from 0.273 h (0.302 h) to 0.32 h (0.341 h). With an in- Reduced monetary costs of сЭ, som/km crease in the mass of the train by ∆Q = 500t, there is a сЭ = 131,6Qi2 – 200,7Qi + 4338,8 ∕ сЭ* = (9) decrease in the travel time of the train in the idling and =10,3Qi2 + 359Qi + 4370,5 braking modes, as well as its increase in the traction mode, respectively, by 0.025 h (0.004 h) and 0.032 h Reduced cash costs ce** including сэ**, som/km (0.019 h). The travel time of the train in the idling and braking mode increases, and in the traction mode it сэ** = 157,85Qi2 – 240,75Qi + 5204,3 ∕ сЭ** = decreases by 0.015 h (0.016 h) and 0.015 h (0.019 h), respectively, with a decrease by ∆Q = 500 tons of the =4,3Qi2 + 462,9Qi + 5218** (10) mass of the train. It follows from the analysis of the equations that the Values in parentheses are for traffic conditions with dynamics of parameters, the dependence of the change in the mass of a freight train is described by a polyno- stops at an intermediate station. mial of the second degree. The exception is the travel Based on the results of the calculations, graphs of time of the train, in traction mode, with a stop at an in- termediate station (linear dependence). the parameters of the main indicators of freight transpor- tation of 3VL80S electric locomotives on the flat section The authors of the article studied various conditions for organizing the movement of freight trains. Regression of the railway were built. According to the graphs, you can equations are obtained, and the numerical values of the calculate the value for any i - th mass Q of a freight train parameters of the main indicators of transportation work, (in brackets - traffic conditions with a stop at an inter- and the efficiency of the use of electric locomotives mediate station). In formulas (1) - (10) it was obtained: 3VL80S, on the flat section of the railway are substantiated. R2 = 1.0 - a sufficient value of the approximation reliability The following conclusions can be drawn: (the necessary reliability condition is R2≥0.8). An aster- isk \"*\" - movement with stops at an intermediate station. • It follows from the analysis of the equations that Sign two asterisks \"**\" - movement taking into account the dynamics of parameters, the dependence of the change value added tax (VAT). The value of Qi = 1,2,3 is an in the mass of a freight train is described by a polynomial indicator of the traction calculation option. of the second degree; Technical speed of the train Vт, km/h • The exception is the travel time of the train, in traction mode, with a stop at an intermediate station (lin- Vт = –0,295 Qi2 + 0,275 Qi + 90,33 ∕ Vт* = – 0,755 Qi2 + ear dependence); 1,805Qi + 76,55 (1) • The consumption of electrical energy spent on the movement of the 3VL80S electric locomotive di- Total train travel time tx, min rectly depends on the operating time of power energy tx = 0,1Qi2 – 0,1Qi + 29,3 ∕ tx* = 0,35 Qi2 – 0,85Qi + 34,6(2) systems, that is, in the traction mode, the reduction of which will lead to a decrease in the mechanical opera- Train travel time in traction mode tт, min tion of the electric locomotive and will reduce the con- sumption of electrical energy; tт = 0,5Qi2 – 0,6 Qi + 16,5 ∕ tт* = 1,15Qi2 – 0,7Qi + 17,0 (3) • The consumption of electrical energy spent on Train running time at idle and braking modes tхх,т, min deceleration - acceleration, at each stop of a freight train at an intermediate station or a separate point, ranges tхх,т = – 0,4Qi2 + 0,5Qi + 12,8 ∕ tхх,т* = (4) from 119.1 kWh / ost (Q1 = 2500t) to 156.9 kWh / ost =0,35Qi2 – 2Qi + 17,6 (Q3 = 3500t ), and on average it is 148.8 kWh/rest; 43

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. • An increase in the volume of transportation work transportation work of the studied electric traction loco- by 3VL80S electric locomotives contributes to an in- motives on virtual and, identical to them, real flat sec- crease in the efficiency of using these electric locomo- tions of the railway. tives, in operating conditions, regardless of the type of freight train traffic. Conclusion As a result of the research, the authors of the article The obtained result of the research is logically con- substantiated the kinematic parameters of the movement sistent with the research [7-10,13]. They can be applied of freight trains and the parameters of the energy effi- in practice, when evaluating the efficiency of traction ciency indicators of 3VL80S electric locomotives in the and energy characteristics of electric traction locomo- form of tables and graphs. Regression equations have tives on flat areas. The results of the study are recom- been obtained to determine the main indicators of the mended for implementation on the Uzbek railway. Reference: 1. Ablyalimov O.S. Evaluation of the efficiency of the transportation work of electric locomotives 3VL80S on the section Kattakurgan - Navoi of the Uzbek railway [Text] / O. S. Ablyalimov, // International information and analytical journal \"Crede Experto: transport, society, education, language\" / Irkutsk branch of the Moscow state. those. University of Civil Aviation. - Irkutsk, 2018. No. 4 (19). - S. 35 - 50. 2. Ablyalimov O.S. Traction calculations for electric locomotives 3VL80S on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov, S.T. Zoirkhonov, A.Kh. Nasullaev, M.M. Tashpulatov, T.T. Shodiev, Z.M. Makhkamov // Collection of articles based on the materials of the XIII International Scientific and Practical Conference \"Actual Issues in Science and Practice\" (December 10, 2018, Samara). At 4 p.m. Part 1. - Ufa: Ed. Dendra, 2018. - From 50 - 63. 3. Ablyalimov O.S. To the use of electric locomotives 3VL80S on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov, S.T. Zoirkhonov, A.Kh. Nasullaev, S.I. Erkinov, Sh.M. Iskandarov, F.O. Khabibullaev // Collection of articles based on the materials of the XIII international scientific and practical conference \"Prospects for the development of science in the modern world\" (December 14, 2018, Ufa). At 2 p.m. Part 1. - Ufa: Ed. Dendra, 2018. - From 27 - 39. 4. Ablyalimov O.S. On the operation of 3VL80S electric locomotives on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov // Universum: technical sciences: electronic scientific journal 2020. No. 7 (76). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/10620 (date of access: 08/26/2020). - S. 59 - 67. 5. Ablyalimov O.S. To the analysis of the efficiency of the use of electric locomotives 3VL80S on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O. S. Ablyalimov, I. S. Kamalov, M. Z. Mukhitdinov // International Scientific and Practical Conference \"Improving the Energy Efficiency of Ground Transport Systems\" / Omsk State . University of Communications. - Omsk, 2014. - S. 47 - 49. 6. Alekseeva T.L. Modernization of the traction electric drive of electric locomotives [Text] / T.L. Alekseeva, N.L. Ryabchenok, L.A. Astrakhantsev, N.L. Mikhalchuk // Proceedings of the VIth International Scientific and Technical Conference \"Locomotives. XXI century” / Petersburg state. University of Communications of Emperor Alexander I. - St. Petersburg, 2018. T. 2. - P. 44 - 50. 7. Bueno A. Harmonic and unbalance compensation based on direct power control for electric railway systems [Text] / A. Bueno, J. Aller and others / IEEE Transactions on power electronics. 2013. Vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 5823 – 5831. 8. Vasko N.M. Electric locomotive 3VL80S [Text] / N.M. Vasko, A.S. Devyatkov, A.F. Kucherov // Operation manual. - M.: Transport, 1990. - 454 p. 9. Deev V.V. Traction of trains [Text] / V.V. Deev, G.A. Ilyin, G.S. Afonin // Textbook for universities. - M.: Transport, 1987. - 264 p. 10. Elshibekov A.M. Development of a schematic diagram of a rheostatic brake of an electric locomotive VL80S using energy storage devices [Text] / A. M. Elshibekov, M. O. Musabekov, G. K. Ashirbaev // Collection of materials of the VIth International Scientific and Technical conference “Locomotives. XXI century” / Petersburg state. University of Communications of Emperor Alexander I. - St. Petersburg, 2018. T. 2. - P. 169 - 174. 11. Kuzmich V.D. Theory of locomotive traction [Text] / V. D. Kuzmich, V. S. Rudnev, S. Ya. Frenkel // Textbook for universities of railway transport. - M.: Route, 2005. - 448 p. 12. Natesan P. Compensation of Power Quality Problems in Traction Power System Using Direct Power Compensator [Text] / P. Natesan, G. Madhusudanan / IEEE International Conference on Innovations in Engineering and Technology. 2014, Vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 277 – 280. 13. Savoskin A.N. Forced switching system of a rectifier-inverter converter of an AC electric locomotive [Text] / A.N. Savoskin, V. V. Litovchenko, D. I. Boldin // Proceedings of the VIth International Scientific and Technical Conference \"Locomotives. XXI century” / Petersburg state. University of Communications of Emperor Alexander I. - St. Petersburg, 2018. T. 2. - P. 50 - 55. 14. Cheremisin V.T. Evaluation of the influence of the parameters of the train schedule on the consumption and losses of electricity on train traction on sections of the I-st and II-th type of profile [Text] / V.T. Cheremisin, V.L. Nezevak, S.S. Sarkenov // Proceedings of the Vth International Scientific and Technical Conference “Locomotives. XXI cen- tury” / Petersburg state. University of Communications of Emperor Alexander I. - St. Petersburg, 2017. - S. 371 - 381. 44

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. TO THE MOVEMENT OF A FREIGHT TRAIN WHEN STOPS ON A PLAIN LAND OF RAILWAY SECTION Oleg Ablyalimov Candidate of Technical Sciences, professor, professor of the chair «Loсomotives and locomotive economy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Anna Avdeyeva Candidate of Technical Sciences, associate professor of the chair «Materials science and mechanical engineering» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Otabek Khamidov Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of the chair«Loсomotives аnd locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Кhusan Кosimov Senior lecturer of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Obidjan Кasimov Master, senior lecturer of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Jasurbek Yakubov Master, аssistant of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Utkir Safarov Master, аssistant of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] К ДВИЖЕНИЮ ГРУЗОВОГО ПОЕЗДА ПРИ ОСТАНОВКАХ НА РАВНИННОМ УЧАСТКЕ ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ Аблялимов Олег Сергеевич канд. техн. наук, профессор, проф. кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент __________________________ Библиографическое описание: TO THE MOVEMENT OF A FREIGHT TRAIN WHEN STOPS ON A PLAIN LAND OF RAILWAY SECTION // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. Ablyalimov O.S. [и др.]. 2022. 11(104). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/14587

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Авдеева Анна Николаевна канд. техн. наук, доц. кафедры «Материаловедение и машиностроение» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Хамидов Отабек Рустамович д-р техн. наук, зав. кафедрой «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Косимов Хусан Рахматуллаевич ст. преподаватель кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Касимов Обиджан Таирджанович магистр, ст. преподаватель кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Якубов Жасурбек Камолиддинович магистр, ассистент кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Сафаров Уткир Истамович магистр, ассистент кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент ABSTRACT The results of the justification of the kinematic parameters of the movement of freight trains and electric traction locomotives without stops and with stops on a virtual flat section of the railway are presented. The set goal of the research was realized by traction calculations, based on the developed mathematical models for driving freight trains by one of the electric traction locomotives, which were based on the well-known differential equation of train movement. The results of the research are obtained in the form of tabular data, graphical dependencies and regression equations designed to determine the main indicators of the transportation work of electric traction locomotives on virtual and, identical to them, real flat sections of the railway, taking into account the kinematic parameters of the stopping process of freight trains. АННОТАЦИЯ Представлены результаты обоснования кинематических параметров движения грузовых поездов и локомо- тивов электрической тяги без остановок и с остановками на виртуальном равнинном участке железной дороги. Поставленная цель исследований была реализована тяговыми расчётами, опираясь на разработанные математи- ческие модели ведения грузовых поездов одним из локомотивов электрической тяги, основу которых составило известное дифференциальное уравнение движения поезда. Результаты исследований получены в виде табличных данных, графических зависимостей и уравнений регрессий, предназначенных для определения основных показа- телей перевозочной работы локомотивов электрической тяги на виртуальных и, идентичным им, реальных рав- нинных участках железной дороги с учётом кинематических параметров остановочного процесса грузовых поездов. Keywords: research, result, freight train, electric locomotive, railway track, parameter, siding, analysis, station, time, speed, flat, virtual. Ключевые слова: исследование, результат, грузовой поезд, электровоз, железнодорожный путь, параметр, разъезд, анализ, станция, время, скорость, равнинный, виртуальный. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 46

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Introduction The characteristics of the straightened track profile of the flat section of the railway, element by element, In Uzbekistan, the locomotive fleet is continuously are given in [2,3]. replenished with new generation electric locomotives. The length of electrified sections of Uzbek railways is Research results noticeably increasing. Therefore, the study and analysis of the operation of electric locomotives becomes a pri- As a result of the analysis of the trajectory of the ority for the Joint Stock Company \"Uzbekiston temir movement of a freight train with different masses of yo'llari\". Therefore, one of the main tasks is to increase trains [1-3], it was found that on the flat section of the the capacity of the electrified sections of Uzbekistan's railway, the change in the speed of trains does not ex- railways. ceed ΔV = 10 km/h. The technological process of the implementation of the railway transportation of goods Employees of the department \"Locomotives and lo- on a flat area proceeds at a uniform speed. comotive economy\", Tashkent State Transport University, conduct theoretical and experimental research on the In table 1 and table 2, the numerical values of the analysis and evaluation of the efficiency of the trans- kinematic parameters, the movement of freight trains, portation work of electric traction locomotives, in real for each stage, without stops and with stops at interme- conditions, on various sections of railways. diate stations, of the flat section of the railway, under different operating modes, of power energy systems of Statement of the problem and methods of research 3VL80S electric locomotives, taking into account the time for deceleration - acceleration. In table. 1, the follow- The purpose of the study is a theoretical substantiation ing designations are adopted: the “asterisk” sign is the of the kinematic parameters of the movement of freight time for the acceleration of a freight train from the de- trains, at a stop, at an intermediate and final station, of a flat parture station, which is adopted in accordance with the section of the railway. It is necessary to consider different recommendations [4,6,9], and the “two asterisks” sign is organizational, technological and technical operating the average travel time of a freight train for acceleration – conditions. deceleration in the process of movement with stops. These studies are a logical continuation of the work Comparative analysis of the data in table 1 and table 2 of one of the authors of the article [1-3]. The basis of the shows that for average values of kinematic parameters, developed algorithm was the methods of the theory of the movement of freight trains with different masses and locomotive traction [4]. The material and technological a constant number of axles of the composition, on a flat conditions for organizing the transportation work of freight section of the railway, without stops, at an intermediate locomotives on a straightened track profile of the studied station, in relation to similar movement, with stops, section of the railway are taken from [1,5]. provides: The object of study is freight trains with different • decrease in the total travel time of the train by weights and the same number of train axles, three-section 4.96 minutes and an increase in the technical speed of mainline freight electric locomotives of the 3VL80S series, movement by 12.86 km/h with an average estimated time and a straightened track profile. per stop of approximately 2.48 minutes; The subject of the study is the kinematic parameters • the values of the shares of movement in traction of the movement of a freight train, taking into account modes at 59.65 percent, and idling and braking at the analysis of its braking, at the intermediate and final 40.35 percent; stations, for a constant number of axles of the train. • an increase in the share of driving in traction In previous works, one of the authors of the article, modes and a decrease in the share of idling and braking were described: design features; technical specifications; driving by approximately 3.75 percent. traction and current characteristics; energy and perfor- mance indicators of the electric locomotive 3VL80S [6,8]. Table 1. Travel time of a freight train on hauls without stops and through the intermediate station for deceleration - acceleration By haul, min For deceleration/acceleration, min Intermediate Distance, weight of the composition, t weight of the composition, t stations km Q1=2500 Q2=3000 Q3=3500 Q1=2500 Q2=3000 Q3=3500 Station A - –-– – /2,00* - / 2,0* – /2,00* Station В 26,15 Station С 17,95 18,10 18,15 18,60 1,40 / 1,40 1,80 / 1,35 1,90 / 1,70 Plot А – С 44,10 11,20 11,35 11,30 1,95 / - 1,60 / - 1,80 / - 29,30 29,50 29,90 1,67** / 1,70** 1,70** / 1,70** 1,85** / 1,85** 47

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Table 2. Time distribution of a freight train on the halls of the flat section A - C, electric locomotives 3VL80S Speed Without stops / with stops, min movements No. in Mass of com- in mode order position Q, t V, km/h on the haul tп in traction mode tт idle haul А – В and braking tхх,т 1 2500 86,68/80,46 18,10/19,50 13,10/12,65 5,00/6,85 2 3000 86,45/78,45 3 3500 85,48/76,54 18,15/20,00 14,05/13,30 4,10/6,70 1 2500 96,16/73,77 18,60/20,50 15,15/14,25 3,45/6,25 2 3000 94,89/75,31 haul В – С 3 3500 95,31/73,26 11,20/14,60 3,30/5,50 7,90/9,10 1 2500 90,31/77,60 2 3000 89,70/77,14 11,35/14,30 3,25/6,00 8,10/8,30 3 3500 88,50/75,17 Average values 89,50/76,64 11,30/14,70 4,05/6,20 7,25/8,50 Plot А – С 29,30/34,10 16,40/18,15 12,90/15,95 29,50/34,30 17,30/19,30 12,20/15,00 29,90/35,20 19,20/20,45 10,70/14,75 29,57/34,53 17,64/19,30 11,93/15,23 On fig. 1 and fig. 2, respectively, shows the numerical the change in the distance that freight trains travel: in values of the kinematic parameters during stops at inter- case of stops at intermediate and final stations; when mediate stations. Histograms in fig. 1 and fig. 2 show braking; when accelerating at stations. Figure 1. Path traveled by a freight train when braking and starting off at the intermediate station and the arrival station On fig. 1 and fig. 2 marked: Sz' and Sz'' - the way of The deceleration path Sz' and Sz'' is the distance that deceleration of the freight train, respectively, at the in- the freight train travels from the start of braking (transfer termediate station, and the station of arrival in case of of the driver's crane handle to the brake position) to the braking of the freight train; Sp' is the acceleration path of a complete stop of the train. Acceleration distance Sp' is freight train at an intermediate station when starting off; the distance traveled by a freight train from the moment Vz' and Vz'' – the speed of the freight train at the beginning it starts to move from its place at an intermediate station of braking, respectively, at the intermediate station and to the moment it completes its acceleration, that is, the arrival station; Vр' is the speed of the freight train the \"surge\" of the train's non-stop running. at the moment of \"surge\" of the train's non-stop running at the intermediate station. 48

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Figure 2. Freight train speed at the beginning of braking and at the end of the acceleration at the intermediate station and the arrival station According to the path change histograms in fig. 1 and The rate of change of values is the ratio of the subsequent graphs of movement speed change in fig. 2 it can be seen value of the parameter under consideration (path, speed) that with an increase in the mass of a freight train in the to the previous value, with a decrease in the mass of the case of its braking at an intermediate station and an arrival train by a given step. For example: with an increase in the station, there is a decrease in the deceleration path Sz', Sz'' mass of the train from Q1 = 2500 tons to Q2 = 3000 tons, and the acceleration path Sp', as well as a decrease in of a freight train, the rate of change of the deceleration travel speeds. The rate of change of these parameters path Sz' at the intermediate station will be 0.923 units, (decrease) depends on the mass of the freight train. that is, Sz2' = 2.4 km: Sz1' = 2 .6 km = 0.923 units, and with a decrease in the mass of the train from Q3 = 3500 tons The rate of change (increase or decrease) of kinematic to Q2 = 3000 tons of a freight train, the rate of change in parameters, the process of stopping at intermediate and the speed of its movement Vр' at the end of acceleration final stations, on the route, and the speed of freight trains at the intermediate station will be 1.045 units, that is, with each subsequent increase are given in table. 3. The Vр2' = 93 km/h : Vр3' = 89 km/h = 1.045 units. mass reduction step of the composition is ∆Q = 500 tons. Table 3. Kinematic parameters of the stopping process of a freight train on the flat section of the railway, electric locomotives 3VL80S Conditions of transportation Kinematic parameters of the stopping process of a freight train work No. in Path of deceleration and accelera- Speed during braking and accelera- order mass of compo- number of tion tion sition Q, t axes m, axes by station by station stations B, by station B, by station by station B, Sz' С, Sz' Sp' Vz' С, Vz'' B, Vp' 12 3 45 6 7 8 9 The rate of change of kinematic parameters when a freight train stops With an increase in the mass of the composition 1 2500 200 - - - - -- 2 3000 200 0,923 0,865 0,985 0,979 0,990 0,949 3 3500 200 0,979 0,955 0,922 0,979 0,979 0,957 4 Averages 0,951 0,910 0,953 0,979 0,984 0,953 With a decrease in the mass of the composition 1 3500 200 - - - - -- 2 3000 200 1,021 1,046 1,085 1,021 1,021 1,045 3 2500 200 1,083 1,155 1,016 1,022 1,010 1,054 4 Averages 1,052 1,100 1,050 1,021 1,015 1,049 49

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. The dynamics of change in the kinematic parameters Speed Vp' at the end of the acceleration of a freight train at an intermediate station, km/h of braking and speed in the range of changes in the train Vр' = 0.5Q2 – 6.5Q + 104 R2=1.0 (6) mass from Q1 = 2500 tons to Q3 = 3500 tons, and the accepted variation interval ∆Q = 500 tons, of a freight train, In formulas (1) - (6), a sufficient value of the approximation reliability R2 = 1.0 is given (the necessary is described by the following analytical dependencies: reliability condition is R2≥0.8), and the value Qi = 1.2.3 indicates the traction calculation option. Sz' deceleration path of a freight train when braking at an intermediate station, km The analysis of the above equations shows that the dynamics of the parameters, depending on the change Sz' = 0.075Q2 - 0.425Q + 2.95 R2=1.0 (1) in the mass of the train, is described by a polynomial of the second degree, with the exception of the speed Vz', Deceleration path Sz'' of a freight train when braking at the beginning of the braking of the freight train, at the at the end station, km intermediate station (linear dependence). Sz'' = 0.125Q2 - 0.725Q + 3.32 R2=1.0 (2) Conclusions Acceleration path Sp' when starting a freight train at As a result of the research conducted by the authors an intermediate station, km of the article, the kinematic parameters of the movement of freight trains and electric locomotives 3VL80S were Sp' = - 0.1Q2 + 0.25Q + 3.1 R2=1.0 (3) substantiated in the form of tabular data and graphical dependencies. Equations are given to determine the main Speed Vz' at the beginning of braking of a freight kinematic parameters of the transportation operation of train at an intermediate station, km/h the investigated electric traction locomotives, including the stopping process, on real flat sections of the railway. Vz' = - 2Q + 98 R2=1.0 (4) The obtained kinematic parameters are consistent with the previous studies of the authors of the article [1-3, 5, 6, 7], Speed Vz'' at the beginning of the braking of a freight and can be used in the operation of locomotive depots, train at the end station, km/h Uzbek railways, to organize the operation of electric locomotives of the 3VL80S series on flat areas. Vz'' = - 0.5Q2 + 0.5Q +92 R2=1.0 (5) Reference: 1. Ablyalimov O.S. On the operation of 3VL80S electric locomotives on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov // Universum: technical sciences: electronic scientific journal 2020. No. 7 (76). URL: https://7uni- versum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/10620 (date of access: 08/26/2020). - S. 59 - 67. 2. Ablyalimov O.S. Traction calculations for electric locomotives 3VL80S on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov, S.T. Zoirkhonov, A.Kh. Nasullaev, M.M. Tashpulatov, T.T. Shodiev , Z.M. Makhkamov // Collection of articles based on the materials of the XIII International Scientific and Practical Conference \"Actual Issues in Science and Practice\" (December 10, 2018, Samara). At 4 p.m. Part 1. - Ufa: Ed. Dendra, 2018. - S. 50 - 63. 3. Ablyalimov O.S. To the use of electric locomotives 3VL80S on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov, S.T. Zoirkhonov, A.Kh. Nasullaev, S.I. Erkinov, Sh.M. Iskandarov, F.O. Khabibullaev // Collection of articles based on materials of the XIII international scientific and practical conference \"Prospects for the development of science in the modern world\" (December 14, 2018, Ufa). At 2 p.m. Part 1. - Ufa: Ed. Dendra, 2018. - S. 27 - 39. 4. Ablyalimov O.S. Fundamentals of train traction [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov, D.N. Kurilkin, I.S. Kamalov, O.T. Kasimov // Textbook for higher educational institutions of railway transport. Under the general editorship of O.S. Ablyalimov. - Tashkent: \"Complex Print\" nashriyoti, 2020. - 662 p. 5. Ablyalimov O.S. To the analysis of the efficiency of the use of electric locomotives 3VL80S on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O. S. Ablyalimov, I. S. Kamalov, M. Z. Mukhitdinov // International scientific and practical conference \"Improving energy efficiency ground transport systems” / Omsk State. University of Communications. - Omsk, 2014. - S. 47 - 49. 6. Ablyalimov O.S. Fundamentals of locomotive management [Text] / O. S. Ablyalimov, E. S. Ushakov // Textbook for professional colleges of railway transport. - Tashkent: \"Davr\" nashriyoti, 2012. - 392 p. 7. Ablyalimov O.S. Evaluation of the efficiency of the transportation work of electric locomotives 3VL80S on the section Kattakurgan - Navoi of the Uzbek railway [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov, // International information and analytical journal \"Crede Experto: transport, society, education, language\" / Irkutsk branch of the Moscow state. those. University of Civil Aviation. - Irkutsk, 2018. No. 4 (19). - S. 35 - 50. 8. Vasko N.M. Electric locomotive 3VL80S [Text] / N.M. Vasko, A.S. Devyatkov,A.F. Kucherov // Operation manual. - M.: Transport, 1990. - 454 p. 9. Rules for traction calculations for train work [Text] / All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Railway Transport. - M.: Transport, 1985. - 287 p. 50

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. ON THE PARAMETERS OF MOVEMENT OF A FREIGHT TRAIN WHEN STOPPINGS ON A FLAT SECTION OF THE RAILWAY Oleg Ablyalimov Candidate of Technical Sciences, professor, professor of the chair «Loсomotives and locomotive economy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Anna Avdeyeva Candidate of Technical Sciences, associate professor of the chair «Materials science and mechanical engineering» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Otabek Khamidov Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of the chair«Loсomotives аnd locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Кhusan Кosimov Senior lecturer of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Obidjan Кasimov Master, senior lecturer of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Jasurbek Yakubov Master, аssistant of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Utkir Safarov Master, аssistant of the chair«Loсomotives and locomotive еconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] О ПАРАМЕТРАХ ДВИЖЕНИЯ ГРУЗОВОГО ПОЕЗДА ПРИ ОСТАНОВКАХ НА РАВНИННОМ УЧАСТКЕ ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ Аблялимов Олег Сергеевич канд. техн. наук, профессор, проф. кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент __________________________ Библиографическое описание: ON THE PARAMETERS OF MOVEMENT OF A FREIGHT TRAIN WHEN STOPPINGS ON A FLAT SECTION OF THE RAILWAY // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. Ablyalimov O.S. [и др.]. 2022. 11(104). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/14605

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Авдеева Анна Николаевна канд. техн. наук, доц. кафедры «Материаловедение и машиностроение» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Хамидов Отабек Рустамович д-р техн. наук, зав. кафедрой «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Косимов Хусан Рахматуллаевич ст. преподаватель кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Касимов Обиджан Таирджанович магистр, ст. преподаватель кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Якубов Жасурбек Камолиддинович магистр, ассистент кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Сафаров Уткир Истамович магистр, ассистент кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент ABSTRACT The results of the substantiation of the dynamics of the kinematic parameters of the movement of freight trains on a virtual flat section of the railway, organized by electric locomotives 3VL80S at stops at the intermediate and terminal stations, are presented. The obtained kinematic parameters of the stopping process of a freight train of various train masses and the regression equations for determining the above-mentioned parameters on virtual and identical real railway sections constitute the practical significance of research and are recommended for implementation in the operation of the locomotive complex enterprises. АННОТАЦИЯ Представлены результаты обоснования динамики кинематических параметров движения грузовых поездов на виртуальном равнинном участке железной дороги, организованном электровозами 3ВЛ80С при остановках на промежуточной и конечной станции. Полученные кинематические параметры остановочного процесса грузового поезда различной массы состава и уравнения регрессии для определения упомянутых выше параметров на вир- туальных и, идентичных им, реальных участках железных дорог составляют практическую значимость исследований и рекомендуются для внедрения в работу предприятий локомотивного комплекса. Keywords: research, result, freight train, electric locomotive, railway track, parameter, siding, analysis, station, time, speed, flat, virtual. Ключевые слова: исследование, результат, грузовой поезд, электровоз, железная дорога, параметр, разъезд, анализ, станция, время, скорость, равнинный, виртуальный. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 52

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Introduction The subject of the study is the kinematic parameters of the movement of a freight train, taking into account At the moment, on the railway of Uzbekistan, as the analysis of braking and acceleration at stations. well as throughout the world, there is a problem of sav- ing fuel resources. This problem is relevant for both Traction calculations were carried out according to an electric and diesel rolling stock. already existing algorithm [2-4], methods and methods [6], developed by one of the authors of the article. Using the The experience of previous studies on optimizing operating manual [7], the author of the studies [2-4] the transportation work of locomotives [1] shows that describes the design features, technical parameters, energy fuel consumption increases with an increase in the mass and performance indicators of the 3VL80S electric loco- of the rolling stock, and when it stops. Analysis and motive and the characteristics of the straight section of evaluation of the efficiency of operation of the 3VL80S the railway track. electric locomotive on the flat section of the railway [2-4] confirm the above. Research results and their analysis According to the methods developed by the authors, An analysis of the movement of freight trains with analytical and graphical studies, there are already cal- different masses [2-4] suggests that the transportation culations of the kinematic parameters of the movement of goods occurs at a uniform speed. Speed fluctuations of freight trains on some sections of the railway of do not exceed the allowable interval ΔV = 10 km/h. Uzbekistan [4,5]. The considered kinematic parameters of movement include: the path of deceleration and ac- The actual values of the speed and time of movement celeration, and the speed of movement during braking of a freight train, taking into account its stops at inter- and acceleration [4]. One of the authors of the article mediate and final stations, are given in Table 1. conducted research on the dependence of changes in fuel consumption with an increase in the mass of the rolling Kinematic parameters of electric locomotive 3VL80S stock [5]. The calculations were made for a freight train during braking and acceleration at intermediate and end 3VL80S on a flat section of the Uzbek railway. In these stations are shown in Figure 1. works, the time of the train to accelerate and decelerate is not taken into account. In Table 1 and Figure 1, the following designations are accepted: The task of the research in this article is to consider the kinematic parameters of freight trains at stops at rail- Vз' and Vз'' – the speed of the freight train at the way sections of Uzbekistan of various complexity. The beginning of braking, respectively, at the intermediate results obtained are of practical interest for specialists in and final stations; the locomotive complex of the railway. Vр' is the speed of the freight train at the moment of Problem statement and research methods \"surge\" of the train's non-stop running at the intermediate station; The purpose of the research is to calculate the kine- matic parameters of a freight electric locomotive of the ∆tз' and ∆tз'' – freight train deceleration time, respec- 3VL80S series, in a more accurate approximation to real tively, at the intermediate and final stations in case of conditions. The calculated parameter is the speed of the freight train braking; rolling stock during its braking and acceleration at inter- mediate stations. ∆tр' – acceleration time of a freight train at an inter- mediate station when starting off; The object and subject of research is the material and technological organization of freight traffic on straight Sз' and Sз'' – a way of deceleration of a freight train, sections of the railway. The object of study is a straight- respectively, at an intermediate and final station in case ened track profile, the first type, and freight electric of braking of a freight train; locomotives of the 3VL80S series, with different weights. Sp' is the acceleration path of a freight train at an intermediate station when starting off. For clarity, in Figure 1, the deceleration time ∆tз' and the acceleration time ∆tр' of a freight train, when it is braked at an intermediate station, are reduced by 1.5 times and 2.0 times, respectively. Table 1. Kinematic parameters of movement, electric locomotive 3VL80S, during braking and acceleration, at the intermediate and final station Conditions of transporta- Kinematic parameters of a freight train when stopping tion work at an intermediate and final station mass of roll- number of No. in ing stock Q,т axles m, Speed during braking Deceleration and acceleration time, order and acceleration, km/hё min by station by station by station by station В, by station by station В, Vз' С, Vз'' В, Vр' ∆tз' С, ∆tз'' В, ∆tр' 12 3 45 6 7 8 9 With an increase in the mass of the composition 1 2500 200 96 98 98 1,40 1,40 1,80 2 3000 200 94 97 93 1,80 1,50 1,75 3 3500 200 92 95 89 1,90 1,70 1,95 4 Averages 94 96,7 93,3 1,70 1,53 1,83 53

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. 12 3 45 6 7 8 9 With a decrease in the mass of the composition 1,70 1,95 1,50 1,75 1 3500 200 92 95 89 1,90 1,40 1,80 1,53 1,83 2 3000 200 94 97 93 1,80 3 2500 200 96 98 98 1,40 4 Averages 94 96,7 93,3 1,70 Analysis of the research results (Table 1, Fig. 1), • time ∆tз', ∆tз'' braking; • acceleration time ∆tр'; they say that an increase in the mass of a freight train, • ways Sz', Sz'' braking; during braking (the speed Vр', Vз', Vз'' decreases), at the • acceleration path Sp'. intermediate and final stations, lead to an increase in: Figure 1. Kinematic parameters of the stopping process of a freight train at the intermediate and final station, electric locomotive 3VL80S The dynamics of changes in kinematic parameters Deceleration path Sз'' of a freight train when brak- ing at the end station, km in terms of travel time, travel path and speed of move- Sz'' = 0.1Qi2 – 0.2 Qi + 2.25 R2=1.0 (5) ment of the stopping process of a freight train in the Acceleration path Sp' when starting a freight train at range of the train mass differentiation interval accepted an intermediate station, km by us from Q1 = 2500 t to Q3 = 3500 t by ∆Q = 500 t is described by the following regression equations. Deceleration time ∆tз' of a freight train when brak- ing at an intermediate station, min Sp' = - 0.1Qi2 + 0.55Qi + 2.5 R2=1.0 (6) ∆tз' = 0.125Qi2 – 0.425Qi + 2.1 R2=1.0 (1) Deceleration time ∆tз'' of a freight train when brak- Speed Vз' at the beginning of braking of a freight ing at the end station, min train at an intermediate station, km/h Vз' = – 2Qi + 98 R2=1.0 (7) ∆tз'' = 0.05Qi2 – 0.05Qi + 1.4 R2=1.0 (2) Acceleration time ∆tр' when starting a freight train Speed Vз'' at the beginning of the braking of a freight at an intermediate station, min train at the end station, km/h Vз'' = – 0.5Qi2 + 0.5Qi +98 R2=1.0 (8) ∆tр' = – 0.15Qi2 + 0.85Qi + 0.7 R2=1.0 (3) Sz' deceleration path of a freight train when braking Speed Vp' at the end of the acceleration of a freight at an intermediate station, km train at an intermediate station, km/h Vр' = 0.5Qi2 – 6Qi + 104 R2=1.0 (9) Sz' = 0.075Qi2 – 0.175Qi + 2.45 R2=1.0 (4) 54

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. In formulas (1) - (9), the approximation reliability Conclusion value is R2 = 1.0. The necessary condition for reliability is R2≥0.8. The value Qi = 1,2,3 denotes traction calculation The authors of the article derived the kinematic pa- options. rameters of the movement of freight trains and electric locomotives 3VL80S. The calculation results are pre- It can be seen from the regression equations that the sented in the form of tables and graphs. The authors ob- tained regression equations for determining the main dynamics of kinematic parameters, in relation to the kinematic parameters of the transportation work of elec- tric traction locomotives. In the calculations, the authors change in the mass of a freight train, is described by a took into account the braking process on real, straight sections of the railway. polynomial of the second degree. An exception is the speed of movement Vз' at the beginning of braking, The kinematic parameters obtained in the article can be used in the operation of the locomotive depot of Uz- a freight train, at an intermediate station. bekistan, during the operation of three sectional freight electric locomotives of the 3VL80S series, on straight sections of the track. Reference: 1. Ablyalimov O.S. Optimization of transportation work of locomotives: questions of theory, methods, calculations, results. Monograph [Text] / O. S. Ablyalimov // Tashkent Institute of Railway Engineers. - Tashkent - \"Complex Print\" nashriyoti, 2020. - 488 p. 2. Ablyalimov O.S. Traction calculations for electric locomotives 3VL80S on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov, S.T. Zoirkhonov, A.Kh. Nasullaev, M.M. Tashpulatov, T.T. Shodiev, Z.M. Makhkamov // XIII-I int. scientific - pract. conf. \"Actual issues in science and practice\" (December 10, 2018, Samara). At 4 p.m. Part 1. - Ufa: Ed. Dendra, 2018. - S. 50 – 6 3. Ablyalimov O.S. To the use of electric locomotives 3VL80S on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov, S.T. Zoirkhonov, A.Kh. Nasullaev, S.I. Erkinov, Sh.M. Iskandarov, F.O. Khabibullaev // XIII-th int. scientific - pract. conf. \"Prospects for the development of science in the modern world\" (December 14, 2018, Ufa). At 2 p.m. Part 1. - Ufa: Ed. Dendra, 2018. - S. 27 - 39. 4. Ablyalimov O.S. On the operation of 3VL80S electric locomotives on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov // Universum: technical sciences: electronic scientific journal 2020. No. 7 (76). URL: https://7uni- versum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/10620 (date of access: 08/26/2020). - S. 59 - 67. 5. Ablyalimov O.S. On the operation of electric traction locomotives on the flat section of the railway [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov // Electrical equipment: operation and repair. - 2021. - No. 8. - P. 42 - 48. 6. Ablyalimov O.S. Fundamentals of train traction [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov, D.N. Kurilkin, I.S. Kamalov, O.T. Kasimov // Textbook for higher educational institutions of railway transport. Under the general editorship of O.S. Ablyalimov. - Tashkent: \"Complex Print\" nashriyoti, 2020. - 662 p. 7. Vasko N.M. Electric locomotive 3VL80S [Text] / N.M. Vasko, A.S. Devyatkov, A.F. Kucherov // Operation manual. - M.: Transport, 1990. - 454 p. 55

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. MODELING OF THE FORCE IMPACT FROM ROLLING STOCK ON THE RAILWAY TRACK Nodir Begmatov Assistant, Tashkent State Transport University, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Ulug’bek Ergashev Assistant, Tashkent State Transport University, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ СИЛОВОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ОТ ПОДВИЖНОГО СОСТАВА НА ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫЙ ПУТЬ Бегматов Нодир Исмоилович ассистент, Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Эргашев Улугбек Эркинжон оглы ассистент, Ташкентский государственный университет путей сообщения, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент ABSTRACT The article presents a simulation of the interaction of the rolling stock – railway system in the \"Universal Mechanism\" software package. The Universal Mechanism software package is designed to automate the process of studying mechan- ical objects, which can be represented by a system of absolutely solid or elastic bodies connected by kinematic and force elements. The force effects from moving units when they are handled according to a standard and lightweight track design are determined. АННОТАЦИЯ В статье приводится моделирование взаимодействия системы подвижной состав – железнодорожный путь в программном комплексе «Универсальный механизм». Программный комплекс «Универсальный механизм» предназначен для автоматизации процесса исследования механических объектов, которые могут быть представ- лены системой абсолютно твердых или упругих тел, связанных посредством кинематических и силовых элементов. Определены силовые воздействия от подвижных единиц при обращении их по типовой и облегченной конструкции пути. Keywords: modeling, wheel-rail, force action, standard design, lightweight construction, movable unit Ключевые слова: моделирование, колесо-рельс, силовое воздействие, типовая конструкция, облегченная конструкция, подвижная единица ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Operating conditions on different railways may Determining the values of vertical and horizontal have significant differences. This applies, in particular, forces acting on the path from the rolling stock when to the plan and profile of the track, axial loads and they are handled by a lightweight design is the task of weight of trains, track width, climate, geological charac- this work. teristics, traffic structure and their intensity. Any of these factors can have a noticeable impact on the choice Currently, the solution of this problem is simplified of structural solutions for the wheel-rail system and by the use of modern software systems designed for the strategies for the maintenance of the track and rolling study of dynamic systems. The object under consideration stock. In order to avoid conflict situations when choosing is represented as a set of absolutely solid bodies inter- technical means and strategies and to make this choice connected by articulated, elastic or dissipative elements. conscious, it is necessary to have a deep understanding The process of deriving equations of motion is automated of the basic mechanisms of interaction in the wheel-rail and reduced to user-defined mass, geometric, kinematic and rolling stock-track systems [1, 2]. parameters, as well as force interactions of system ele- ments [3]. In Russia, the Universal Mechanism (UM) __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Begmatov N.I., Ergashev U.E. MODELING OF THE FORCE IMPACT FROM ROLLING STOCK ON THE RAILWAY TRACK // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 11(104). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/14617

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. software package has become the most popular for stud- Object modeling requires data entry and description ying the dynamic interaction of complex systems [4, 5, of key interacting calculation systems, one of which is a 6, 7]. Currently, interest in the program is also evident railway track and rolling stock. outside of Russia [8, 9]. With the use of the UM software package, a number of tasks related to the infrastructure The values of the vertical and horizontal forces of the track economy have been solved. acting on the path from the rolling stock when they are handled by a lightweight design will be determined by It should be noted that a mechanical system in its calculation on models built on the basis of the UM structure can be flat or spatial, whereas for complex sys- version software package. tems, the analysis of equations, summing up, as well as the representation of the structure of the object itself is The UM software package is designed to automate complex. the process of studying mechanical objects, which can be represented by a system of absolutely solid or elastic In order to simplify the above process, the method bodies connected by kinematic and force elements. Objects of MIND subsystems, which includes several types of of this type include: a wagon, an electric locomotive, subsystems, is used in the analysis of the technical sys- a diesel locomotive. The MIND makes extensive use of tem. Thus, the components of the rolling stock can be modern computer graphics methods both for the ani- divided into certain subsystems, after which one of the mated representation of motion in the process of numerical same subsystems is selected, which will later be described solution of the equation, and in processing the results. in order to save and avoid a large number of errors in the The equations of motion of an object are output by a calculation. special program module in symbolic or numerical form. In the process of modeling, it is necessary to define and The UM software package allows the use of modern describe the properties of two main interacting calculation computer graphics methods for graphically-animated systems – a railway track and a railway rolling stock [7]. description of the motion process in the process of numer- ical solution of the problem and in processing the results The model of the railway track developed in UM is obtained. shown in Fig. 1. The equations of motion of an object are output by a special program module in symbolic or numerical form. Figure 1. Model of the railway track in the mind To simulate movement along the track structure, the following mobile units are also included: a passenger lo- comotive (2TE10 series) and a passenger car (CVM type). Models of mobile units are shown in Fig. 2 and 3. Figure 2. Appearance of the 2TE10 diesel locomotive model 57

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Figure 3. General view of a computer model of a passenger car References: 1. Zaxarov S.M. Obobщenie mirovogo opita tyajelovesnogo dvijeniya. Upravlenie soderjaniem sistemi koleso – rels: ucheb. dlya vuzov [Generalization of the world experience of the heavyweight movement. Content management of the wheel–rail system]. / S.M. Zaxarov (Ed.). – Moscow: Inteks, 2017. – 420 pp. [in Russian]. 2. Begmatov N.I., Muhammadiyev N.R. Eksperimentаlnoe opredelenie jestkosti relsovoy niti [Experimental determination of the stiffness of the rail thread] // TSTU. 2021. №1. [in Russian]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/eksperi- mentalnoe-opredelenie-zhestkosti-relsovoy-niti. 3. Pogorelov D.Yu. Kompyuternoe modelirovanie dinamiki texnicheskix sistem s ispolzovaniem programmnogo kom- pleksa “Universalniy mexanizm” [Computer simulation of the dynamics of technical systems using the \"Universal Mechanism\" software package] // Vestn. Kompyuternix i informatsionnix texnologiy. – 2005. – № 4. – p. 27–34. [in Russian]. 4. Dmitry Pogorelov, Alexander Rodikov, Roman Kovalev. Parallel computations and co-simulation in Universal Mechanism software. Part 1: Algorithms and implementation Transport problems. 2019. Volume 14, Issue 3. DOI: 10.20858/tp.2019.14.3.15. [in English]. 5. Dmitry Pogorelov, Alexander Rodikov, Roman Kovalev. Parallel computations and co-simulation in Universal Mechanism software. Part II: examples Transport problems. 2019 Volume 14 Issue 4. DOI: 10.20858/tp.2019.14.4.3. [in English]. 6. Dmitry Pogorelov et al. Train 3D: the technique for inclusion of three-dimensional models in longitudinal train dy- namics and its application in derailment studies and train simulators / Vehicle System Dynamics, Published online: 11 Jan 2017 DOI: 10.1080/00423114.2016.1273532. [in English]. 7. Universal mechanism // Моделирование взаимодействия железнодорожных экипажей и пути [Modeling the in- teraction of railway crews and tracks]. / Rukovodstva polzovatelya. – 2021. – 21 pp. [in Russian]. 8. Ying Song, Lei Liang, Yanliang Du, Baochen Sun. Railway Polygonized Wheel Detection Based on Numerical Time-Frequency Analysis of Axle-Box Acceleration / Applied sciences. - 2020. - Vol. 10. - Iss. 5. DOI: 10.3390/app10051613 [in English]. 9. Iman Hazrati Ashtiani. Optimization of secondary suspension of three-piece bogie with bevelled friction wedge geometry / International Journal of Rail Transportation. – 2017. Vol. 5. – Iss. 4. 213-228p. DOI 10.1080/23248378.2017.1336652 [in English]. 58

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. DOI – 10.32743/UniTech.2022.104.11.14620 TO THE QUESTION OF RESEARCH OF NONLINEAR IDENTIFICATIONS OF COMPLEX OBJECTS Gayubov Talat Assistant professor \"Automation and Telemechanics\", Tashkent State transport, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Toshboyev Zokhid Assistant professor \"Automation and Telemechanics\", Tashkent State transport, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫХ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЙ СЛОЖНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ Гаюбов Талат Нуриддинович доц., кафедра «Автоматика и телемеханика», Ташкентский государственный университет транспорта, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент Тошбоев Зохид Бахрон угли и.о. доц., кафедра «Автоматика и телемеханика», Ташкентский государственный университет транспорта, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент АННОТАЦИЯ В данной статье рассмотрены существующие проблемы в железнодорожной автоматике и телемеханике. Он направлен на расчет протяженности железнодорожных линий новыми методами. Объяснены автоматические и телемеханические устройства управления на железных дорогах и определение полных интервалов времени с использованием нового метода, т.е. математического метода. При этом сокращается время ожидания поездов на железной дороге, она имеет значительную экономическую эффективность и автоматическую надежность. ABSTRACT This article considered the existing problems in railway automation and telemechanics. It is aimed at calculating the length of railway lines using new methods. Automatic and telemechanical control devices on railways and determination of total time intervals using a new method, i.e. mathematical method, are explained. In this case, railway waiting times for trains are reduced, it has significant economic efficiency and automatic reliability. Keywords: Rele (R), automation and telemechanics, non-combustible polyvinyl chloride (NPCH), electricity centralization (EC), transformer box (TB). Ключевые слова: Реле (Р), автоматика и телемеханика, негорючий поливинилхлорид (НПХ), электроцен- трализация (ЭЦ), трансформаторная будка (ТБ). ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Experimental and analytical research methods are Elements, devices with a discrete (relay) characteristic used in many areas of railway automation and teleme- are characterized by the fact that up to a certain critical chanics. In some cases, carrying out sufficiently com- value of the input parameter Xi = Xave ( called the pickup plete experimental studies requires significant parameter) they are out of service and the output param- expenditures of material resources and time [12]. Con- eter has the value yi=ymin (ymin=0) in the case of a repeater sider a product (component, element, device), in element or yi = ymin in the case of an inverter element which the relationship between the output y and input x (Fig. 1) parameters is expressed by a continuous dependence. __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Gayubov T., Toshboyev Z. TO THE QUESTION OF RESEARCH OF NONLINEAR IDEN- TIFICATIONS OF COMPLEX OBJECTS // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 11(104). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/14620

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Figure 1. Changing the output parameter depending on the value of the input parameter With an increase in the value of the input parameter Xi parameter y abruptly decreases from Умах to ymin (at the over Xi = Xave, the output parameter y will remain constant repeater element), or from Уmin to Умах (for the element- or change slightly [11]. Analytical methods are devoid inverters ). With a further increase in the input parameter хi of these shortcomings, however, it becomes possible to to the value хi - хave the output parameter y changes use them only when it is possible to describe the factors abruptly to Умах (for the repeater element) or to Уmin influencing the process under study with exact mathe- matical equations. In the case of a decrease in the input (for the inverter element). With a further decrease in the parameter x from the value at some other critical value Xi = Xout, (called the return or release parameter), the output input parameter x to zero, the output parameter y will retain its new value or change slightly (Fig. 2). y p Уmax 1 Уmin 0.5 x x Xi=Xout Xi=Xave Xi=Xout Xi=Xave Figure 2. Changing the output parameter depending on the decrease in the input parameter to zero The critical values хave and хout are not strictly con- non-working state to the working one (the average current stant. With each cycle of changing the input parameter of the relay operation); from х=0 tо х=хшах and back, there will be observed their own values of хave and хout. They will be about some σave – is the standard deviation of this parameter. average values хave and хout, and the deviations of the = х−х������������������ Here Uave values ������̅������������������ and ������̅������������������ will, as experience shows, obey, ������������������������ as a rule, the normal distribution law [3, 10]. The probability of transition from the working state The probability of transition from one state to an- to the out-of-work state with a decrease in the input pa- other - from out of working state to working state is pos- rameter to the value х0 = хout will be sible when the input parameter х=хр exceeds the value Хave. Pв2 = 1 − 1 ∫−∞∞ (х−х������������������)2 = [0.5 + ������(������������������������ )] ������������������������√2������ е 2���������2��������������� ������������ (2) Pв1 = 1 ∞ (х−х������������������)2 where хout – is the average value of the parameter ∫ е 2������2������������������ ������������ that determines the transition of the element from the ������������������������√2������ −∞ working state to the out-of-work state; σout – standard 0 (х−х������������������)2 deviation; х0 – value of the input parameter in the out- 1 = ∫ е 2���������2��������������� ������������ + of-work state of the element ������������������������√2������ −∞ + 1 ∫0������������ (х−х������������������)2 = [0.5 + ������(������������������)] (1) ������������������������ = х0−х������������������ (3) ������������������������√2������ ������������������������ е 2������2������������������ ������������ where xave – is the average value of the parameter that determines the transition of the element from the 60

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. In order to obtain a mathematical model of control, In the discrete case two-position relays with hysteresis describe a complex function ������(������) = ∑���∞���=1 ������ [������]������[������(������������−������) (6) (В) = 4 ������ |−������������������ ������������������ ℎ| , ������ ≥ ℎ (4) where ω[t] is the impulse transition function of the discrete system. ������ ������ ������ The obvious physical interpretation and convenience where B – is the amplitude describing the functions. in practical applications can explain the attention of A fairly universal and unified approach to determining many researchers to methods for modeling and identify- the class of an unknown system, synthesizing optimal ing nonlinear systems based on the use of Hammerstein structure models, determining identifiability conditions, models of various structures and parametrizations [2, 6]. and developing methods for parametric identification of linear dynamic systems and nonlinear systems consisting In the Wiener model, the linear dynamic part comes of compounds of linear dynamic and nonlinear inertialess before the non-linear inertialess element. In this case, the parts has been developed [1]. The applied identification dependence of the output signal of the nonlinear station- methods form the basis of the theory of constructing ary system on the input signal is represented as discrete models \"input-output\" of the optimal structure of dynamic systems with lumped parameters, operating in ������(������) = ������ [������(������)], ������(������) = ∫0∞ ������ (������)������(������ − ������)������������ (7) open and closed loops under disturbing influences [4,9]. In the case of using a discrete model Models \"input-output\" of the optimal structure of classes of linear and nonlinear dynamical systems are, ������������ = ������(������������), ������������ = ∑���∞���=0 ������[������]������������−1 (8) in essence, optimal predictors, one step ahead of the output signal. The Wiener-Hammerstein model is obtained from a series connection of three links of two linear dynamic By constructing such a model, the problem of ones and one non-linear inertialess one located between synthesis of control actions that minimize the dispersion the linear ones. In this case, the output signal of deviations of the system output signal from the re- quired ones is also practically solved [5,8]. A nonlinear ������(������) = ∫0∞ ������2(������)������[������(������ − ������)]������������, ������(������) = ∫0∞ ������(������)������(������ − system is often modeled as various combinations of ������)������������ (9) linear dynamic links and non-linear inertialess elements. In the Hammerstein model, the non-linear elements or moreover, the deviations of the values xave and xout come before the linear dynamic part. In this case, the re- lationship between the input x(t) and the output y(t) with ������(������) = ∑���∞���=0 ������2[������]������[������������−1 (10) the signals of the stationary system is described by the Hammerstein operator ������(������) = ∫0∞ ������ (������)������[������(������������ − ������)]������������ (5) ������������ = ∑���∞���=1 ������[������]������������−������ (11) where ω(t) – is the impulse transition function; where ω1 (t) ω2 (t), ω1 [t] ω2 [t] – are the impulse f(х) – is a non-linear function. transition functions of the corresponding continuous or discrete linear links. X1 Y1 Y2 Y3 NS LD Figure 3. Hammerstein models NS - non-linear link realizing the non-linearity of on-off relays with hysteresis; LD - linear dynamic link Modeling procedure From the foregoing, any complex dynamic system can be represented as a set of linear inertial and inertial non-linearities. Widely used Hammerstein models were chosen as the object under study 61

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Y.YK.Y0 Y.YK.Y0 Figure 4. Exact point ������ ���∗���(������) For the object model, the identification problem is ���������∗���(������) = М{ ������1⁄������������−������} = ∫0∞ ������(������, ������)М{ ������������⁄������������−������}������������ (15) solved by correlation, dispersion methods of identifica- tion. When using correlation identification to determine and for them by the formula the optimal operator of a one-dimensional dynamic ob- ject by the criterion of the minimum mean square error, ������2 = ������ {[������(������) − ������������(������)]2} (16) it is necessary to know the correlation function of the variable and the mutual correlation of the input and out- the values of the residual dispersions were calcu- put variables. According to the results of measuring in- lated, and they were compared with each other. put and output variables of the object, estimates of the autocorrelation function of the input Kxx (t) and the Two variants of the signal-to-noise dispersion ratio cross-correlation function of the input u are determined. are considered: exit Кух (t). Obtaining an estimate is approximated by the corresponding functions Кхх (t)u Кух (t), according to Dx = DE , i.e. equal to 1; which the weight function of the object is determined analytically along with other necessary characteristics. ������������ = 1 ������������ , i.e. equal to 2. 2 ������������������(������, ������) = ∫���������−��� ������ ������(������, ������)������������������(������)(������, ������)������������ (12) normal distribution laws. As the NS link, the non- linearity of a two-position relay with hysteresis is real- The practical determination of the characteristics ized, and as the LD link, typical links were considered. by realizations y(t) and x(t) in the construction of the dis- For the first-order link, the output value y at each step is persion model is carried out in the following order. determined by the recursive formula Based on the implementation of x(t), an estimate of ������������ = ������������������−1 − ������������1 + ������������������−1 (17) the conditional expectation М{ ������������⁄������������−������} of the estimate of the generalized auto (θхх)and mutual (θух) dispersion for quadratic interpolation functions is determined. Then, according to the smoothed characteristics of these functions, by solving the equation ������������ = ������������������−1 − ������������1 + ������������������−1+ ������������������−3 (18) ������������������(������, ������) = ∫∞������ ������ (������, ������)������������������(������, ������, ������)������������ (13) For a specific when modeling objects, the transfer function ω(р) is chosen equal for the first order determine the dispersion weight function. Comparison ������(р) = 1 (19) of the dispersion equation (2) with the Wienor-Honf correlation equation (1) shows their formal coincidence, (������������) but instead of the correlation functions in (2), general- ized dispersion functions are used. This is a significant for the second order advantage of equation (2), since it makes it possible to use the computational algorithms used in the correlation ������(р) = ������⁄(������ + ������������2 + ������2������1������2) (20) identification theory [7] for the identification of nonlinear objects by dispersion methods. Based on the results of the experiments, we can conclude that the exact estimate y σ∗ (t), was obtained by Used in modeling for correlation identification dispersion identification, which describes the model more accurately than ���������∗���(������) by the correlation identification ���������∗���(������) = ∫0∞ ������(������, ������)������(������ − ������)������������ (14) method. In this paper, attempts are made to obtain math- for dispersion identification. ematical models for the control of a complex nonlinear object. 62

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. References 1. Б.С. Сотсков. Основы теории и расчета элементов и устройств автоматики и вычислительной техники. М.: Изд. В.Ш. 1970. 2. Дисперсионная идентификация // Райбман Н.С., Капитопенко В.В., Карлака П.М. // М.: Наука, 1981. 3. Каменское В. А. Оценивание параметров дискретных систем класса Гаммерштейна. Автоматика и телемеханика. 1975. № 7. 4. Каминское В. Шудлоуское К. Управление одномерными экстремальными динамическими объектами класса Винера // Статическая проблема управления // Вильнюс, 1984. С.бЗ. 5. Растригин Л.Н., Маджаров Н.Е. Введение в идентификацию объектов управления. М.: Энергия. 1972. 6. Электронные устройства железнодорожной автоматики, телемеханики и связь. // Под.ред. Шилейко А.В. // М.: Транспорт, 1989. 7. Теория автоматического управления// Под. ред. Натушила АВ. // Изд. 2-е М.: 1976. 8. Baltaev S T., Rakhmonov B. B., Mohiddinov A. O., Saitov A. A.. Toshboyev Z. B. development of a block model for intelligent control of the position of operating devices in the electrical interlocking system. 2021. 9. H.H., Butakova M.A. Queuing systems: development of theory, methodology of modeling and synthesis: monograph. - Rostov-on-Don, 2004. - 200 p. 10. Zohid Toshboyev., Aziz Saitov., Janibek Kurbanov., Sunnatillo Boltayev. (IMPROVEMENT OF CONTROL DEVICES FOR ROAD SECTIONS OF RAILWAY AUTOMATION AND TELEMECHANICS). № 267. 11. I.V. Dergacheva, The study of the model of an intra-company organization // Bulletin of the. - 2004. №1. 12. L.A. Zadeh, Mathematics today. Fundamentals of a new approach to the analysis of complex systems and decision-making processes: Znanie, 2010. - pp.5-49. 63

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УДК 62/64+66/69 ББК 3 U55 Главный редактор: Ахметов Сайранбек Махсутович, д-р техн. наук; Заместитель главного редактора: Ахмеднабиев Расул Магомедович, канд. техн. наук; Члены редакционной коллегии: Горбачевский Евгений Викторович, канд. техн. наук; Демин Анатолий Владимирович, д-р техн. наук; Звездина Марина Юрьевна, д-р. физ.-мат. наук; Ким Алексей Юрьевич, д-р техн. наук; Козьминых Владислав Олегович, д-р хим. наук; Ларионов Максим Викторович, д-р биол. наук; Манасян Сергей Керопович, д-р техн. наук; Мажидов Кахрамон Халимович, д-р наук, проф; Мартышкин Алексей Иванович, канд.техн. наук; Мерганов Аваз Мирсултанович, канд.техн. наук; Пайзуллаханов Мухаммад-Султанхан Саидвалиханович, д-р техн. наук; Радкевич Мария Викторовна, д-р техн наук; Серегин Андрей Алексеевич, канд. техн. наук; Старченко Ирина Борисовна, д-р техн. наук; Усманов Хайрулла Сайдуллаевич, д-р техн. наук; Юденков Алексей Витальевич, д-р физ.-мат. наук; Tengiz Magradze, PhD in Power Engineering and Electrical Engineering. U55 Universum: технические науки: научный журнал. – № 11(104). Часть 8. М., Изд. «МЦНО», 2022. – 52 с. – Электрон. версия печ. публ. – http://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/category/11104 ISSN : 2311-5122 DOI: 10.32743/UniTech.2022.104.11 Учредитель и издатель: ООО «МЦНО» ББК 3 © ООО «МЦНО», 2022 г.

Содержание 4 4 Papers in English 4 Transport, mining and construction engineering 9 THE CURRENT STATE OF THE STUDY OF GEOMECHANICAL CONDITIONS OF ROCK MASSES WITH AN INCREASE IN THE DEPTH OF OPEN-PIT MINING 11 Najmiddin Boymurodov 11 SECTION \"NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND MANAGEMENT METHODS IN THE OPERATION OF VEHICLES\" 19 Saidrahim Temirov 19 Technology of materials and products of the textile and light industry 23 STUDYING OF PARAMETERS OF THE DIRECTING MECHANISM OF A MESH PLANE BY IS DIFFICULT-HARMONIOUS VIBRATING MOVEMENT 26 Arafat Dadajanov Abdurakhim Khojiyev 26 Food technology 30 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SIDES OF COW, GOAT AND SHEEP MILK 34 Lochinbek Ibragimov Khayatulla Isakov 38 IMPORTANCE OF FOOD COLORINGS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY 43 Shodiev Dilshodjon Qurbonov Hojiali 43 Chemical engineering 48 DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPROVED TWO-STAGE TECHNOLOGY FOR FIXING MOVING 48 SOILS AND SANDS WITH THE USE OF A MECHANO-CHEMICAL DISPERSER Nargiza Adizova CLEANING EXPANSER GASES FROM CO2 AND OTHER ADDITIVES Hamid Obidov Vokhid Akhmedov Bobir Olimov ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION METHODS FOR HIGH-VISCOSITY LOCAL OILS Aygul Yamaletdinova Bobirjon Adizov RESEARCHING SOME PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR-CONTAINING FERTILIZERS BASED ON MELT OF AMMONIUM NITRATE AND AMMONIUM SULPHATE Abdurasul Mamataliyev Electronics STAGES OF DESIGNING A TWO-CASCADE AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT IN THE “MULTISIM” PROGRAMM Zhabbor Mustofokulov Matluba Suyarova Farrukh Yuldashev Electrical engineering USE WIND ENERGY IN THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY OF AGRICULTURAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMERS IN RURAL AREAS (JIZZAKH REGION,UZBEKISTAN) Umid Khudoyberdiev Alisher Boliev

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. PAPERS IN ENGLISHЕ TRANSPORT, MINING AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING THE CURRENT STATE OF THE STUDY OF GEOMECHANICAL CONDITIONS OF ROCK MASSES WITH AN INCREASE IN THE DEPTH OF OPEN-PIT MINING Najmiddin Boymurodov Assistant department of “Mining” Karshi engineering and economics institute, Republic of Uzbekistan, Karshi E-mail: [email protected] СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ГЕОМЕХАНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ГОРНЫХ МАССИВОВ С УВЕЛИЧЕНИЕМ ГЛУБИНЫ ОТКРЫТЫХ ГОРНЫХ РАБОТ Боймуродов Нажмиддин Абдукодирович ассистент кафедры “Горное дело”, Каршинский инженерно-экономический институт, Республика Узбекистан, г. Карши ABSTRACT In this article, the current state of the study of the geomechanical state of rocks with an increase in the depth of open pit mining and the analysis of the influence of various factors on the stability of the sides and ledges of a quarry have been studied and presented. АННОТАЦИЯ В данной статье изучено современное состояние изучения геомеханического состояния горных пород с увеличением глубины открытых горных работ и анализ влияния различных факторов на устойчивость бортов и уступов карьера и представлены. Keywords: quarry, edge, ledge, deformation, rock, open pit area, stagnation, landslide, stability of open pit edges. Ключевые слова: карьер, борт, уступ, деформация, порода, карьер, застой, оползень, устойчивость бортов карьера. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ The development of modern quarries is character- mining has crossed the mark of a thousand meters from ized by a significant increase in depth and a transition to the earth's surface (Table 1, Figure 1) [1-13]. the development of deep-seated ores; the depth of open-pit Table 1. Information about the deep quarries of the world Name Country Extracted mineral Start of production Size, km Depth, m Kennecott Bingham USA 4×3,8 1200 Canyon Mine Copper, Since 1863 Chile molybdenum, gold 4,3×3 850 Chuquicamata South Africa more than a hundred 1,9×1,7 700 Palabora Australia Copper, gold, silver, years until 2018 - then 3,8×1,5 660/360 Fimiston rhenium, selenium transition to under- ground mining Copper Gold since 1893 - 2018 __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Boymurodov N.A. THE CURRENT STATE OF THE STUDY OF GEOMECHANICAL CONDITIONS OF ROCK MASSES WITH AN INCREASE IN THE DEPTH OF OPEN-PIT MINING // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 11(104). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/14558

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Name Country Extracted mineral Start of production Size, km Depth, m Udachny Russia 1,7×1,3 640 Escondida Chile Diamonds since 1971 3,8×2,7 645 Muruntau Uzbekistan 3,5×2,5 640 Sibai quarry Russia Copper, gold, silver since 1990 2,0×2,0 600 Batu Hijau Indonesia 2,5×2,2 550 Grasberg Indonesia Gold since 1958 550 Escondida Notre Chile 1,6×1,4 500 Kovdorskiy mining and Copper, zinc, sulfur since 1939 processing plant Russia 2,3×1,6 500 Gold, copper Gold, copper since 1973 Copper, gold, silver Iron ore, apatite, baddeleyite To substantiate the limiting parameters of the sides • numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of and ledges of deep pits, it is necessary to conduct a set a rock mass by the finite element method in a three- of studies of the most significant mining-geological and dimensional formulation. mining-technical factors (Figure 1), which include: In the practice of open pit mining, all factors • study of physical and mechanical properties of affecting the stability of open pit walls can be divided mixed rocks; into four groups (Figure 1): engineering-geological, hydro-geological, physical-geographical, mining [14, • structural-tectonic studies; 15 - 19]. • hydrogeological research; Figure 1. Classification of factors affecting the stability of ledges and pit walls 5

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Prediction of deformation processes is possible on is unique from the point of view of geomechanics and the basis of an integrated approach, including the study requires an individual approach to determining the factors of the structural-tectonic structure and strength properties affecting stability and assessing the degree of their in- of the massif, instrumental observations of the deformation fluence. of various sections of the near-edge massif, assessment of the level and direction of tectonic forces, as well as During open-pit mining, various deformations of geomechanical calculations of stability [14, 20 - 22]. the sides of quarries and dumps take place in the form of landslides, collapses and landslides, talus and slush, sub- The performance of mining operations in a quarry sidence [11, 23]. As Fisenko G.L. noted in his work: in accordance with the design documentation does not “There is no clear boundary between individual types of always guarantee the absence of deformations of the sides, deformations. Screes and collapses differ in the relative local sections of the sides and ledges, especially when size of the deforming massifs, and collapses and land- forming the ultimate contour of the quarry. The reasons slides differ in the rate of deformation, which depends for the resulting violations of the stability of the near- on the slope of the sliding surface and on the nature of the edge massif are different depending on the geological, stress state of the rocks along the sliding surface” [21]. engineering-geological, hydrogeological conditions and parameters of the side in a particular section of the Table 2 presents the classification of quarry wall quarry field [14, 20, 21]. Therefore, each mineral deposit deformations and the conditions for their occurrence [22]. Table 2. Classification of quarry wall deformations Deformation type Characteristic Cause Occurrence condition Scree Separation of individual particles, Weathering Influence of The slope angle is greater pieces of rock and their rolling to explosions than the natural angle the bottom of the ledge rock slope Separation and rapid displacement Overestimation of slope angle Falling layers, disjunctive dis- of large volumes of rock masses or side height Presence of dis- turbances and Collapse that make up the slope, the active junctive disturbances and cracks towards the notch stage occurs almost instantly cracks Landslide Separation and slow movement of Presence of plastic interlayers 25-35º egilish burchaklarini rock masses on the sliding surface and weak contacts in the rock hosil bo‘lishi under the influence of gravity mass Water flooding of rocks Drawdowns Vertical lowering of the edge sec- Moistening of highly porous tions of loose rocks without the sediments Compaction of formation of a sliding surface spoil heaps or backfilled pits Underground mining Slops Movement of the flow of water- Lack of drainage devices In- saturated loose rock masses tensive precipitation According to the results of the study by Galperin A.M. pit mining is made by such scientists as: Melnikov N.V., two thirds of the quarries are subjected to deformation Rzhevsky V.V., Trubetskoy K.N., Fisenko G.L., processes. At the same time, there is a trend of increas- Shpakov P.S., Popov V.N., Galperin A.M. ing cases of loss of slope stability with increasing min- ing depth. When mining to a depth of 100 m, half of When developing deposits by open method, an urgent the studied quarries are subject to deformations, with task is to ensure the safety and efficiency of mining the transition to greater depths, the proportion of quarries operations. The solution of this problem is possible on increases to 80%. The analysis performed at VIOGEM the basis of geomechanical studies of the rock mass and showed that 75% of the deformations occur in sandy- mathematical modeling. argillaceous deposits and only 25% occur in slopes composed of rocky and semi-rocky fractured rocks [24]. Scientists have been dealing with issues of ensuring the stability of the sides and slopes of a quarry for more As noted in their works Umarov F.Ya. and Rybin V.V. than a decade. During this time, several main schools With an increase in the depth of existing and planned with different and related directions in solving the issues quarries, the issues of ensuring the stability of the sides of stability of rock masses have been formed. and ledges turn into problems of great economic im- portance [25, 26]. Fisenko G.L., Kuvaeva N.N., Poklada G.G., Mochalova A.M., Zoteeva V.G., Tsimbarevich P.M., The influence of various factors on the stability of the Galustyan E.L., Popova V.N., Halperina A.M. and others sides and ledges of quarries has been considered in many are among the scientists involved in ensuring the stability works of foreign and domestic authors. An invaluable of open pit mining. contribution to the development of geomechanics of open 6

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Conclusion factors include mining-geological and hydrogeological conditions, changes in the internal physical and mechan- In conclusion, it can be said that despite a large ical properties of the quarry, effects of explosions and number of studies, the problem of ensuring the stability earthquakes, stress-strain conditions, etc. of the quarry board is still relevant today. The reason for the impossibility of defining a single standard approach The way out of this situation is the development of to solving this problem lies in the combination of vari- methods and recommendations, including the collection ous levels of influence of many factors that determine of necessary preliminary data, analysis of research results, the individual characteristics of each mining area. Such and mathematical modeling of stability. References: 1. А.С. Калюжный. Определение параметров нарушенной зоны и объемов потенциальных вывалов для условий карьера «Олений ручей». 2016 г. 2. Н.Н. Мельников, А.А. Козырев, С.В. Лукичёв. Большие глубины – новые технологии. 3. Andrés Parra, Nelson Morales, Javier Vallejos & Phu Minh Vuong Nguyen. Open pit mine planning considering geomechanical fundamentals. 4. Fimiston Open Pit “Super Pit” Gold Mine. https://www.mining-technology.com/projects/superpitgoldmineaust/ 5. Fimiston Open Pit mine (Super Pit gold mine). https://www.mindat.org/loc-192453.html 6. J Jiang, K Karunaratna and T Jones. Mining Through Underground Workings in Fimiston Open Pit Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines (KCGM). 7. https://nashural.ru/article/promyshlennost-urala/sibajskij-karer/ 8. http://www.alrosa.ru/ 9. Dowling J., Beale G., Bloom J. Designing a Large Scale Pit Slope Depressurization System at Bingham Canyon // International Mine Water Association Annual Conference. Reliable Mine Water Technology. 2013. Vol. I, pp. 119–125. 10. Tapia A., Contreras L.F., Jefferies M., Steffen О. Risk evaluation of slope failure at the Chuquicamata mine // Slope Stability 2007. Proceedings of 2007 International Symposium on Rock Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering (ed. Y Potvin). 2007. pp. 477–495. 11. Brummer R.K., Li H., Moss A., Casten T. The Transition from Open Pit To Underground Mining: An Unusual Slope Failure Mechanism at Palabora//Proceedings of International Symposium on Stability of Rock Slopes in OpenPit Mining and Civil Engineering, The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2006. pp. 411–420. 12. Wines D.R., Lilly P.A., Measurement and analysis of rock mass discontinuity spacing and frequency in part of the Fimiston Open Pit operation in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: a case study // International Journal of Rock Mechan- ics & Mining Sciences, 2002, Vol. 39, no 5. 2002. pp. 589 602. 13. J. Wesseloo and J. Read, Acceptance Criteria, in Open Pit Slope Design, CSIRO, Leiden, 2013, pp. 221–236. 14. Ракишев Б.Р., Кузьменко С.В., Съедина С. А., Тулебаев К.К. анализ влияния горно-геологических факторов на устойчивость бортов на примере сарбайского карьера. Доклады НАН РК, №3, 2018 г., Алматы, ISSN 2518-1483 (Online), ISSN 2224-5227 (Print). С. 19-25. 15. А.С. Ковров. Влияние сложной геологической структуры и обводненности массива пород на устойчивость откосов карьеров. 16. ВНИМИ. Методические указания по определению углов наклона бортов, откосов уступов и отвалос строя- щихся и эксплуатируемых карьеров. – Л., 1972. – 163 с. 17. Попов В.Н., Шпаков П.С., Юнаков Ю.Л. Управление устойчивостью карьерных откосов. Москва. Издательство «Горная книга», 2008 г. 18. Фисенко Г.Л. Устойчивость бортов карьеров и отвалов. Издание 2. Недра, Москва, 1965 г., 378 стр., УДК: 622.271.001.5. 19. Б.Р. Ракишев, А.Н. Шашенко, А.С. Ковров. Геомеханическая оценка устойчивости бортов карьеров и отвалов. Алматы: «Ғылым» НАН РК, 2017. – 234 с.ISBN 978-601-323-103-7. 20. А.В. Яковлев. Геомеханическое обеспечение формирования бортов карьеров и отвалов. Проблемы недропользования №4, 2016 г. УДК 622.271.333: 624.131.537 DOI: 10.18454/2313-1586.2016.04.075. С. 75-80. 21. Изучение гидрогеологических и инженерно-геологических условий месторождений полезных ископаемых. М.: Недра, 1986. 172 с. 22. Епифанова М.С., Федоров С.А., Козырев А.А., Рыбин В.В., Волков Ю.И. Инженерно-геологические аспекты проектирования глубокого карьера Ковдорского ГОКа // Горный журнал. 2007. №9. — С. 30–33. 23. Б.Р. Ракишев, А.С. Ковров, А. У. Кожантов, К. Сейтулы. Проблемы оползней на карьерах. 24. Гальперин А.М. Геомеханика открытых горных работ. 7

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. 25. В.В. Рыбин. Развитие теории геомеханического обоснования рациональных конструкций бортов карьеров в скальных тектонически напряженных породах. Диссертация на соискание ученой степени доктора технических наук. Апатиты, 2016 г. 26. Ф.Я. Умаров. Воздействие факторов, влияющих на устойчивость бортов карьеров. 27. Х.А. Нурхонов, А.М. Хужакулов, Н.А. Боймуродов. Проектирование параметров контурного взрывания // Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences. – 2022. – С. 825-832. 28. Каримов Ё.Л., Латипов З.Ё., Каюмов О.А., Боймуродов Н.А. Разработка технологии закрепления солевых отходов рудника Тюбегатанского горно-добывающего комплекса // Universum: технические науки. – Москва, 2020. – №12(81). – С. 59-63. 29. Каримов Ё.Л., Латипов З.Ё., Каюмов О.А., Боймуродов Н.А. Моделирование и установление координатов центра масс отвала и хвостов Тюбегатанского калийного месторождения. // Universum: технические науки. – Москва, 2021. – №2(83). – С. 25-29. 30. Норов Ю.Д., Каримов Ё.Л., Латипов З.Ё., Боймуродов Н.А. Вскрытие и подготовка при валовой выемке сложных рудных тел с прослоями и включениями пород на месторождении «Зармитан» // Социально-экономические и экологические проблемы горной промышленности, строительства и энергетики сборник научных трудов 15-й международной конференции. Минск – Тула – Донецк 29-30 октября 2019 г. С. 178. 31. Norov Y., Karimov Y., Latipov Z., Khujakulov A., Boymurodov N. Research of the parameters of contour blasting in the construction of underground mining works in fast rocks // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1030 (1), 012136, 2021 y. 32. N.A.Boymurodov. Ochiq konchilik ishlarining chuqurligi oshishi bilan tog‘ jinslarining geomexanik sharoitlarini o‘rganishning hozirgi holati // Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences, 2022 ISSUE 10. Pages 148-155. 8

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. SECTION \"NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND MANAGEMENT METHODS IN THE OPERATION OF VEHICLES\" Saidrahim Temirov PhD, Namangan Institute of Construction Engineering, Republic of Uzbekistan, Namangan E-mail: [email protected] СЕКЦИЯ \"НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И МЕТОДЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ\" Темиров Саидрахим PhD Наманганский инженерно-строительный институт, Республика Узбекистан, г. Наманган ABSTRACT In this article, section \"new technologies and management methods in the operation of vehicles\" and solve of some problem operation of vehicles. Some of diagnostics it is found that the remaining elements of the truck tire are intact, the car wheel must be restored. АННОТАЦИЯ В данной статье раздел \"новые технологии и методы управления в эксплуатации транспортных средств\" посвящен решению некоторых проблем эксплуатации транспортных средств. В ходе некоторых диагностик установлено, что остальные элементы шины грузовика целы, колесо автомобиля должно быть восстановлено. Keywords: diagnostics, car, tread, any truck, manufacture of tires, car service, rubber, special machine, truck tire welding. Ключевые слова: диагностика, автомобиль, резьба, любой грузовик, производитель шин, автосервис, резина, специальный станок, сварка грузовых шин. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Restoration of truck tires.In Western countries, the • elimination of minor defects and problem areas; technology of restoring truck tires has been used for dec- • extraction – filling of unevenness formed after ades. In our country, this technology was not adopted development. immediately, but today an increasing number of truck • tread pad and autoclave vulcanization. owners prefer to restore rubber instead of buying a new Tire welding is one of the most popular methods of tire. There are several reasons for this demand, but the tire repair and renewal today. main one is savings. The tire is built up using two methods: cold and hot. The choice of method depends on the condition of the The economic benefits of this technology can be tire and the type of frame. seen in numbers. So, as it is noted in the studies devoted Cold welding method. When the tire frame is fully to the issues of tire restoration, carrying out this procedure preserved, you can restore the tire in a cold way. Before saves the budget of car owners by approximately 60-65%, restoring the tread, the specialist thoroughly examines since it is in this volume that the restoration procedure the frame, and if he does not find any damage on it, then is cheaper than purchasing a new tire [1]. And if we talk proceeds to restore it. Further, despite the fact that the not about individuals, but about organizations, including protector has been preserved, it is removed. Unneces- specialized ones (for example, logistics companies), sary rubber is cut using a special machine, and the frame, then the savings on restoration will be quite significant. if necessary, is repaired (punctures and other minor de- fects are eliminated). The surface of the frame is sanded, Each tire consists of several parts. One of them is creating a rough texture. Then a layer of liquid rubber is the treadmill tread, that is, the side that is constantly in applied to it, which will further ensure tight contact with contact with the road. Over time, it is erased, and the the new tread. Natural rubber is used for the primer. Af- rubber becomes unsuitable for further use. If during di- ter that, the specialist proceeds directly to the restoration agnostics it is found that the remaining elements of the of the tread: for this purpose, a tread tape is applied to truck tire are intact, the car wheel must be restored[10]. the wheel (this is a kind of blank, which will become a new tread). Temporarily, the tape is secured with sta- The step-by-step process of restoring the tire tread ples [5]. for any truck is as follows: • inspection and cleaning of dirt; • removal of the remaining tread on a special ma- chine; __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Temirov S. SECTION \"NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND MANAGEMENT METHODS IN THE OPERATION OF VEHICLES\" // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 11(104). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/14570

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Finally, the tire is sent to the machine, where it is expensive equipment, and therefore this method is rarely wrapped in an envelope along with the camera and rim used in car service stations, more often used by special- and sent for vulcanization. This process is fully auto- ized enterprises[6]. mated and takes place in an autoclave, thanks to which the structure becomes strong and monolithic. At the end of The second method is used more often, including in these works, the rim and camera are removed [3]. car service stations. However, it has more disadvantages: it is quite labor-intensive, takes more time, is more After that, the tire is checked on the stand and in- expensive in price than the hot method, the resulting stalled on the car. rubber is insignificant in quality, but it is inferior to new factory tires, although it can be used for the same time Hot welding. This method involves the use of the as already worn-out products[8]. With poor-quality same raw rubber that is used in the manufacture of new welding, the layer with the tread is often peeled off. factory tires. The tire frame is also cleaned of the old tread and carefully examined for possible reuse. If there Regardless of the chosen method, the tire is thor- are no visible problems, the frame is made smooth and oughly tested before welding the tread. It takes into ac- prepared for the restoration of the tread. For this pur- count the nature of wear, the degree of damage, the type pose, a strip of raw rubber is wound onto the frame by of frame, and much more. If the tire has really outlived using an extruder station. Next, the tire is placed in a its usefulness, it will no longer work to weld the rubber mold, where under the influence of increased tempera- ture and pressure, the tape is glued to the frame[9]. Thus, welding the tread of truck tires has many ad- The same procedure applies when creating new wheels. vantages, including: In the same chamber, the tread is formed and the rubber is vulcanized. In the end, almost new rubber comes out • budget savings: not every car owner can buy a new of the chamber, which does not differ in properties from truck tire, the cost of welding is several times less[11]. the factory one. • welding extends the service life: rubber retains its Both cold and hot methods have their advantages properties after welding: shows excellent grip, with- and disadvantages. For example, the hot method is car- stands tests in harsh weather conditions; ried out in a fairly short time and allows you to get tires that are practically indistinguishable from factory ones, • tires restored by modern methods practically do which can be used for the same time as already worn- not differ in quality from new ones and have high wear out products. Also, this method does not harm the envi- resistance [2]. ronment and saves natural resources. Among the disad- vantages, it is worth noting the need to use bulky and • repeatability of the procedure: you can weld rub- ber on the tire several times – as long as the wear does not affect the tire frame. In other words, truck tire welding is good in all aspects: price, result, durability. References: 1. Adashboevich M.J., Qoviljanovich I.S., & Fazlitdinovich S.F. (2020). Collaborative Learning Based on an Innovative Approach. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 23(2), 690-692. 2. Adashboyevich, M. J., Qoviljanovich, I. S., Abduvali o’g’li, I. H., & Xabibullaevich, X. U. (2021). Modern Technology Of Surface Hardening Applied To Parts Of The Car. NVEO-NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal| NVEO, 2673-2676. 3. Sarvar I. (2021). Application of Intelligent Systems in Cars. International Journal of Innovative Analyses and Emerg- ing Technology, 1(4), 78-80. 4. Sarvar I., & Zokirxon M. (2021). ROAD TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENTS WITH PARTICIPATION PEDESTRIANS. Universum: технические науки, (5-6 (86)), 62-65. 5. Sarvar I., Abdujalil P., Temurmalik A., & Jahongir K. (2021). ОPERATING CONDITIONS OF TRUCKS AND THE SAFETY OF THE TRANSPORT PROCESS. Universum: технические науки, (6-5 (87)), 42-45. 6. Sarvar I., Azizbek N., Behzod S., & Raxmatillo R. (2021). RESEARCH OF ADHESION STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE EPOXY MATERIALS FILLED WITH MINERAL WASTE OF VARIOUS PRODUCTIONS. Universum: технические науки, (6-5 (87)), 33-35. 7. Бойдадаев М. Б. У., Мунаввархонов З. Т. У., Мадрахимов А. М., & Имомназаров С. К. (2021). ГИПСОСО- ДЕРЖАЩИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ НА ОСНОВЕ МЕСТНОГО И ВТОРИЧНОГО СЫРЬЯ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ. Universum: технические науки, (3-2 (84)), 26-29. 8. Имомназаров С.К., Абдуганиев Ш.О., Рахимжонов А.А., & Журабоев Д.И. (2021). УЧАСТИЕ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОСТИ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ДВИЖЕНИЯ. Экономика и социум, (5-1), 939-942. 9. Имомназаров С.К., Насриддинов А.Ш., & Мунаввархонов З.Т. (2021). ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ В АВТОМОБИЛЯХ. Экономика и социум, (5-1), 933-938. 10. Полвонов А.С., Насриддинов А.Ш., & Имомназаров С.К. (2021). СВОЙСТВА ЗВУКОПОГЛОЩАЮЩИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ПОЛИУРЕТАНОВОЙ ОСНОВЕ. Главный редактор: Ахметов Сайранбек Махсутович, д-р техн. наук; Заместитель главного редактора: Ахмеднабиев Расул Магомедович, канд. техн. наук; Члены редакционной коллегии, 18. 11. Разоков А.Я., Абдуганиев Ш.О. (2021). ДАТЧИК УРОВНЯ ТОПЛИВА. Универсум: технические науки, 12 (93), ISSN : 2311-5122 80-82. 10

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. TECHNOLOGY OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS OF THE TEXTILE AND LIGHT INDUSTRY DOI – 10.32743/UniTech.2022.104.11.14548 STUDYING OF PARAMETERS OF THE DIRECTING MECHANISM OF A MESH PLANE BY IS DIFFICULT-HARMONIOUS VIBRATING MOVEMENT Arafat Dadajanov Researcher, Republic of Uzbekistan, Namangan E-mail: [email protected] Abdurakhim Khojiyev Cand. tech. sciences, associate professor, Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Republic of Uzbekistan, Namangan E-mail: [email protected] ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ НАПРАВЛЯЮЩЕГО МЕХАНИЗМА СЕТЧАТОЙ ПЛОСКОСТИ ПРИ СЛОЖНО-ГАРМОНИЧНОМ ВИБРАЦИОННОМ ДВИЖЕНИИ Арафат Комилжанович Дадажaнов исследователь, Республика Узбекистан, г. Наманган Абдурахим Абдурахмонович Хожиев канд. техн. наук, доцент, Наманганский инженерно-технологический институт, Республика Узбекистан, г. Наманган ABSTRACT On given article on studying action of difficult harmonious fluctuations theoretical, experimental and practical re- searches are calculated on a cotton short meeting, parameters of the directing mechanism of a mesh plane giving difficult harmonious fluctuation also have been calculated. Efficiency of clearing it is checked up practical on laboratory installation with designed by authors. АННОТАЦИЯ В статье изучены действие сложных гармонических колебаний в процессе очистки хлопка, теоретически и экспериментально исследованы, а также рассчитаны параметры направляющего механизма сетчатой плоскости, дающей сложное гармоническое колебание. Эффективность очистки проверена практически на лабораторной установке, сконструированной авторами. Keywords: harmonious, cotton, clearing, vibration. Ключевые слова: гармоничный, хлопок, очистка, вибрация. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction finished goods. The clap before realization on the textile enterprises separates from seeds, before it to improve In the studies, we analyzed in detail the improvement quality of a made fiber a clap is cleared with a little of the quality of biotechnologically grown cotton fiber, cleaning the equipment. All these stages are made at cot- where we applied a new method of cleaning cotton [5, ton cleaning factories. The extraneous impurity consists p.64], [6, p.5137]. of boxes and parts of boxes of a clap, a part of stalks, a part of leaves and a various mineral impurity got on a As stated in [4], [15] use of a cotton fiber the textile clap at gathering, drying of a clap and transportation. enterprises, at clarification and combing lose to 15 % of a fiber. Thus because of reduction of dynamism of fibers, Cleaning of a clap it is made on the several equipment. the fiber at spinning reduces quality of a yarn. These The equipment are based on big mechanical influences signs sharply influence quality of manufacture and which clear a clap with influences of mechanical blow, __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Arafatali K.D., Abdurakhim A.K. STUDYING OF PARAMETERS OF THE DIRECTING MECHANISM OF A MESH PLANE BY IS DIFFICULT-HARMONIOUS VIBRATING MOVEMENT // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 11(104). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/14548

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. for example: on saws and on splitting’s. Till today's The Problem-formulation of a problem, time, for equipment improvement to reduce mechanical a performance condition influence on cotton and for efficiency increase, a number of scientists worked on improved by the basic details of the The essence of work consists in the offer of the vi- equipment. Studying of research of scientists in this area brating equipment with lifting efficiency which clears gives thoughts on what, at action of oscillatory variable the clap holding its initial properties. With that end in sight basic working bodies on a cotton, thus reduces occur- it is necessary to design the mechanism of the equipment rence of defects in a fiber and in seeds, also raise effect which gives difficult harmonious vibrating movement of cleaning. It gives chance to think that, variable influ- of a clap. Research of problems considers to increase ences of forces on cotton reduces occurrence of mechan- efficiency of storage in the greatest properties of initial ical defects. From this we have established the purpose degree of seeds of a clap and a fiber. The mechanism to apply a place of influence of mechanical blow oscil- of the equipment of clearing will give clap vibration, latory influences. First of all, studying oscillatory actions, difficult harmonious vibrating. we knew that sinusoidal simple harmonious fluctuations raising effect of cleaning, without showing mechanical As stated in [9] for performance of a problem we defects suddenly. From two oscillatory systems horizontal should choose the form of the mechanism of the equip- and vertical the vertical more effectively work. ment, speed and other parameters of movement of a clap. As stated in [13], [9] for increase in efficiency and The technique of the decision of a problem productivity it is offered, vibrating movements of a clap on the road of clap movement. With that end in view we For the problem decision we were using to use a the- should find the mechanism giving to a clap is vibrated oretical method-analytical calculation of the feeder of by difficult harmonious fluctuations. vibrating movement. The theoretical decision The action studying difficult harmonious vibrating fluctuations in movements of a clap on the equipment. As stated in [13], [9], [8] analysis of action of difficult harmonious fluctuation on a clap. Shown in Fig.1. Figure 1. Dynamics of movement of a clap in inclined oscillatory grids. N –force of normal reaction; Fг – horizontal exciting force; Fв - vertical exciting force; α – a grid angle of slope; Fтр –force of a friction; Gт-gravity For the analysis difficult harmonious vibrating the a vibrating grid in two directions. For the analysis it is necessary to choose the optimum form and lengths of equipment it is necessary to design parameters of mech- the form of the mechanism of parameters. anism, allowing a vibrating grid at once on two parties– For this purpose we will investigate optimum pa- vertically and horizontally. With that end in view we rameters of the directing mechanism, shown in Fig.2. project a parameters of the mechanism which will spend 12

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Figure 2. The mechanism of a direction of a mesh plane.  − angle of slope, L1, L3 – the inclined parties of the directing mechanism, L2 – the horizontal party of the directing mechanism The first variant if, L1 = L2 = L3 in this case the At narrowing of distinction of phases the initial difference of phases has 900. phase raises, occurs from it that horizontally flat party of Horizontal vibrations will look like. As stated in [9]: the mechanism of a direction becomes longer than ver- tically inclined party of the mechanism of a direction. x = a cos(t + 1200 ) ; (1) These four versions on a case which are established each other two parties of the mechanism at an acute an- Vertical vibrations. As stated in [4]: gle, communicate. The second a case, it when fastening y = b sin(t − 300 ); of two parties of the mechanism doesn't have acute angle and oval for smooth movement of wheels of the mecha- (2) nism on a mechanism management. In that case a wheel of the mechanism of a management at movements Where x-the law of horizontal force, and at transition from one horizontal the parties of the y-the law of vertical force mechanism of a management to another aren't present The second variant if, L1 = L2 = L3 in this case the any interaction of mechanical blow. 2 By means of corners of optimum propensity it is difference of phases is 450. considered by optimum length of the inclined vertical and horizontal plane of the mechanism of a management. x = a cos(t + 900 ); (3) Shown in fig. 2. y = bsin t; (4)  = 220 = 1 ; One part from eighth of total 8 L2 length of the directing mechanism,  = 680 = 1 ; one 4 4 The third variant if, L1 = = L3 in this case the part from four total lengths of the directing mechanism. difference of phases has300. As stated in [4]. Then, willbe L1 = L3 = L2 ; 2 x = a cos(t + 600 ) If to consider identical frequencies of movement of  (5) two perpendicular exciting forces then it is possible to  y = b sin(t + 300 ) calculate following. As stated in [9], [8]: Vertical exciting force: The fourth variant if, L1 = L2 = L3 , in this case the y = Asint; (7) 6 difference of phases has 220. As stated in [9]. If to consider from standing of phases of horizontal force from vertical on 450 then the equation of horizon- x = a cos(t +1350 ) tal force will look as follows: y = bsin(t − 450 )  (6)  x = B cos(t +  ); (8) With reduction of distinction of phases the length of The difference of amplitudes will look as follows a vertical part of the mechanism of a direction decreases А = 1 В; Then the inclination of an inclined plane of the also. Means, parameters of length of the mechanism of a direction are connected with distinctions of phases be- 2 tween two perpendicular oscillatory forces. directing mechanism will be equal on half 450 ,  = 220 Force of action of fascinating force is connected with speed of movement of a clap and propensity of a If the clap is vibrated coming off a grid then its corner of a vertical inclined plane of the mechanism movement will look.As stated in [7]: of a direction. As sphere movement to a motionless kernel: It, as though as our case, various amplitudes and identical frequencies. 13

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. In our case the equation will look as follows. y = AB e− nt cos  cos k t + 1 (n cos + p sin  )sin k t  − As stated in [6], [12]:  k   x = a cost  − AB cos( pt −  ) y = b sin(t +  ) (9) (14) From this equation on analytical geometry probably The first part of party right the equations, the disap- to calculate the ellipse equations. pearing fluctuation, the second right of a part It is a case at movement of a wheel of the mechanism Plural parties the equations a part, has forced fluc- on a direction of circular motions of the mechanism, at movement back and in before will look not as an ellipse, tuation. Except for force of resistance n = 0 ,  = 0 , as a parabola or a hyperbole. k  = k , the equations will be assumed by the following It depends on force blow. In force increase short an air: movement of a meeting will print a hyperbole kind. y = h (coskt − cos pt); (15) At the decision on a problem of the equation of k2 − p2 movement of a short meeting on a grid we will look a cotton as elastic. At a resonance - р = k;  =  ; n  0; 2 At equation creation it is necessary to add variable inertial forces Ф, we will consider that the clap bunch y = h  ke−nt sin k t − sin kt ; (16) will be vibrated in vertical direction Y then the equation k2 k will become one-sedate degree compelled fluctuation and will assume the following air. As stated in [4], [15]: y + 2ny + k 2 y = 1 e ; (10) Amplitude compelled fluctuation AM = h = kAmax ; m 2nk 4n Here, Фе – variable inertial forces, n –factor of coefficient attenuations n = 0,1k , then AM = 2,5AMax , critical speed at a resonance к = L; Т – cycle free T с attenuation, k = fluctuation. - frequency of free fluctuation. m The equations at a resonance: С –stability to elasticity of a fiber of a clap. If frequency of fluctuation is equal on  = t; y = − kAmax t sin kt; (17) 4 then, variable inertial forces the following kind. As stated in [15], [13] is trampled down: Thus the amplitude compelled fluctuation grows e = −m 2 2 2 Amax cos 2t ; (11) in due course - AM = kAmax t; L2 L 4n If it to put on initial equation positions then will With aforementioned, specified the equation, it is assume the following air: visible, which in distinction of phases on 900 sheaves of a clap (at the free and compelled fluctuation) falls in a y + 2ny + k 2 y = −hcos pt; (12) resonant situation. Where p = 2 ; h= Amax p 2 ; It was decisions for radially connected among them- L 2 selves horizontal and vertical the parties of the mecha- nism. The second situation in the angular has connected Then, the differential equation compelled fluctuation among themselves the parties of the mechanism. As stated in [7, 8], [13, 15]: will assume the following air: If we will conditionally tear up that all fibers of a y = e−nt (C1 cos k t + C2 sin k t) − Ad cos(pt −  ); bunch round a seed as one elastic core, vibrating move- ment of a bunch it will be connected from stability to (13) elasticity of a core. Also we will accept a bunch oscillate motion bilateral and frequencies the identical: Here: k  = k 2 − n 2 - frequency fading the fluctu- ation, the p-compelled frequency of fluctuation, Ав- am- Conditionally we take core bending’s in two direc- plitude compelled fluctuation Aв = h ; tions xy . (k 2 − p2)2 + 4n2 p2 Then differential the equations of system of free fluctuation will be assumed by the following ail: AB mx + cx = 0 (18) k my + cy = 0 C1 = AB c os  ; C2 = (n cos + p sin  ); 14

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. From this we will find ( )With step 1 м / s ; the second blow of the equipment k1 = k2 = c; occurs at transition of movement of a wheel of a grid m from a horizontal plane of the mechanism of a direction on the inclined. Here there will be a communication From this equation of movement of system in coor- between inertial force of a cotton with speed of a grid. dinates will assume the following air: On small speeds the cotton will be vibrated without a grid separation. x = C1 sin(kt + 12)) (19) y = C1 sin(kt + The grid by means of wheels after blow will raise on vertical on an inclined plane of the mechanism of a On initial parameters the bunch trajectory will accept direction and in descent, division of a cotton from a grid various forms. It is a situation for a bunch which moves will be connected with speed of a grid. on a surface without coming off it. Blow of the second will arise at transition of move- At an inequality m 2  my the clap bunch will come ment of a wheel of a grid from an inclined plane of the mechanism of a direction on the horizontal. It should off on mechanism. make attacks when the clap will already come back to a grid, it will be connected with length of an inclined plane. Experimental researches of calculation From it probably to draw a conclusion that the length of the sizes to direct of the mechanism of the mechanism of a direction is connected with speed of a grid. At actions the mechanism of a management the sizes of the mechanism of a management of the difficult This situation we will check up having created dif- harmonious equipment also play speed of the equipment ferential the equations of movement of a bunch from the the big role. From these communications we will find equation of forces operating on a bunch. As stated in [15]: the sizes of the mechanism of a direction. Shown in fig. 2, and speed of the equipment. y = v − gt + c1   At clap movement a short meeting in the inclined = vt − g t2  (20) vibrating mechanism force of equal speed strikes the y 2 + c1t + c2  equipment. In detail inclined plane of the mechanism of the Thus the sheaf of action of a clap of inertial force changes a direction vertically to the equipment. As sheaf direction equal on y = 0,02 meter, we find time of blow division at most the inertia equipment should exceed forces of blow. With that end in view it is necessary to of a wheel for the horizontal plane directing the mecha- lift speed of the equipment on a mechanism direction. nism (the Fig. 3): in the schedule on vertical time of an Also the design of the equipment should be very steady. axis of blow of a short meeting for a grid - the presented speed of a grid on a horizontal axis. As stated in [9-11] on it initial calculations we will From this it is possible to calculate length of an ( )spend at small speeds, in a range- va = 1.....5 м / s ; inclined plane directing the mechanism from the following formula s = vt; 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.002 0.01 0.003 0.005 0.009 Figure 3. Time of blow of a wheel for a horizontal plane of the mechanism of a direction. Across time-(s), on a vertical speed of–(m/s) From this follows that at reduction of speed of a grid At a correct choice of parameters of length and the form down and length of an inclined plane directing mechanism. the directing mechanism, action of forces on a bunch Also from calculations it is possible calculation length will be next and will promote also to bunch vibrating of horizontal and inclined planes the directing mechanism. in a horizontal and vertical direction. 15

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. The diagram of movement of a clap at failure of a  = 220 = 1 ; One part from eighty total length cotton from a grid it is connected with propensity of a 8 grid. As is more than propensity of a grid so the schedule to come nearer to a parabola in reduction of propensity of the directing mechanism; the schedule, to come nearer to a hyperbole.  = 680 = 1 ; One part from four total lengths Results 4 As a result of the decision lower specified parameters of the directing mechanism; of the eater difficult harmonious vibrating movement of The corner α changes at change of a grade of a clap the equipment are calculated: as more low a grade clap clarification worsens, therefore 1. The optimum form of the eater of movement – to rise clearing a corner raises - for increase of force of the direction mechanism. inertia, the corner changes with 220 to 370. Communication of change of a corner with a clap grade is shown on (Fig. 4). 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 22 28 32 37 Figure 4. The schedule of communication with change of an angle of slope with change of a grade of a clap. On a vertical axis a clap grade, on a horizontal axis an angle of slope Length of parts of the directing mechanism. Shown Communication with time of blow of a wheel on a in Fig.3: horizontal plane of the directing mechanism with speed of a wheel. As stated in shown in fig.4. Length of an inclined part - L1 = L3; Angular frequency of the compelled forces: Length of a flat part - L2 = 2L3;  = 0.5 −1.5 rad ; Difference of phases of oscillatory forces: s  Change of communications with length of an inclined plane of the mechanism of a direction with change of in -at- ; speed of the equipment: 48 2. Action vibrating grids on a clap a short meeting: Differential of the equation of movement of a clap a 2. Parameters of acceleration of the equipment; short meeting.As stated in (formula 14) Distinction of amplitudes of perpendicular oscillatory forces: Practical results. For research of the vibrating me- chanical action developed in installation. Shown in the Horizontal amplitude of fluctuation – А = 1 В; Fig 5, as stated in [10, 11, 12]. In experimental it has 2 been had the given satisfaction of theoretical researches of a problem, Table 1. Vertical amplitude of fluctuation – B = 2 A; Optimum speed of vibrating cotton In a range: va = 1.....5(м / s); c step 1 (м / s); 16

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. Figure 5. Laboratory vibratingcleaner. (Installation is photographed without the engine and a reducer). Here: 1-entrance channel with a feeder, the 2-feeder on shaft of a feeder, the 3-basic case, 4-kolkovyj a drum, a 5-shaft of a drum with a cam, the 6-vibrating mechanism, the 7-garbage chamber Table 1. Results of experimental research № Extraneous impu- Defects before Extraneous impu- Mechanical defects after clearing , % rity before clear- clearing, % rity after clearing , ing, % % With great dispatch- Vibrating mechanical 1. 2.5 0.5 1.5 mechanical influence influence 1.2 0.54 From the Table 1 it is visible, which, efficiency at Conclusions vibrating mechanical explanations lifts to 15 %, occurrence pollution down comes over to the side of 45 %. Today cotton cleaning the equipment doesn’t satisfy the requirement of manufacturers because the equipment This experimental proves that vibrating action on a aren't effective. Influences of mechanical blow at an ex- clap raise effect of clearing. planation of the basic working details of the equipment, rising defects in a fiber worsens their qualities. Also Experiment has been spent on Experimental to in- mechanical shocks the equipment are a little used in stallation, in experimental there was it, the grade of a manufacture because they are a little effective. choice of clap С-6524, first a grade, 1го, a class, with humidity of 9 % is used at pollution of 2,5 %. Amplitude Introductions in the manufacturing, the vibrating of fluctuation: 4-8мм, Optimum frequency 8 sek-1. equipment, will solve these problems. In the scientific For comparison it was used ICC-10. article it was proved use of vibrating cleaners. While this time vibrated, to cleaners with the big offer of efficiency. Offers scientific research Vibrating cleaners give chance to change in cleared parameters of clearing by change of grades, humidity After research some variants of a design of cleaners and other parameters of a clap. have been offered and demands for inventions and for useful models from them for today of 10 patents have Without shock cleaners give chance to separate with been submitted is received, 3 on inventions, 7 on useful smaller fibers of defects from seeds, efficiency which models. Patent researches proceed till now. thus lifts a branch fiber. For introduction in manufactures the optimum vari- Researchers have been spent with various vibrating ant of a design the Universal cotton cleaner c by a diffi- equipment, which it will give in the future to increase in cult harmonious oscillation motion of a clap and with vibrating cleaners with various increases in parameters some adaptations has been chosen. of vibration. 17

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. References: 1. Dadajanov A. Influence oblique a vibrating plane on cleaning effect of a clap. // Scientific magazine, Textiles problems. TITLP. –T.: 2-release, 2007. [in Uzbek]. 2. Dadajanov A. Influence of physic-mechanical properties of a clap on cleaning effect: tezisi dokl. Pespubl. konf. – Namangan. 2006. – S.346-348. [in Uzbek]. 3. Dadajanov A. Research of cleaners of a fiberd for the purpose of increase of their efficiency: tezisi dokl. Vseros. konf. – Ivanovo. 2004. – S.334-337. [in Russian]. 4. Kadirov B.G., Uldyakov A.I., Maksudov I.T. The theory and practice of drying of a clap – raw. – T.: “Ukituvchi”, 1982.- 246 c. [in Uzbek]. 5. Khojiev A. The Effectiveness of a Biotechnological Method for Controlling the Content of Gossypol. // Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology COUNTRY (SCOPUS). 2021. Vol. 25, Issue 6. P. 5137-5145. https://www.annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/6456 [in English]. 6. Khojiev A.A. Problems of primary processing of cotton and biotechnological way to solve them. // Agrarnaya nauka. 2021. No. 5. P.64-70. https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-349-5-64-70 [in Russian]. 7. Khojiev А., Dadajanov A. Studying of movement of a cotton short meeting on a vibrating inclined plane. // Mechanics problems, scientific magazine. T.: 2007. 5-release. - P95-97. [in Uzbek]. 8. Khojiev А., Dadajanov A. Universal cotton cleanning. // The Fergans polytechnical institute scientific magazine. 2007. 3-release. –P134-139. [in Uzbek]. 9. Madelung E. Physics mathematical apparatus, publishing house \"Science\", Moscow, 1968.-620 c. [in Russian]. 10. Patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan. A cleaner of fibrous materials, № IAP 03890, 28.02.2006. / Khojiev A., Parpiyev A., Dadajanov A. [in Uzbek]. 11. Patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Devices for clap clearing, № IAP 03227, 2006. / Muradov R., Dadajanov A., Pirnazarov A. [in Uzbek]. 12. Patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The device for clearing of a cotton fiberd, № IAP 03889, 18.11.2005. / Khojiev A., Dadajanov A., Mahkamov A. [in Uzbek]. 13. Strelkov S. In conducting in a course of fluctuations. / St.-Petersburg: the Fallow deer, 2004. - 440 pp.[in Russian]. 14. Xojiyev A., Dadajanov A. Influence of a vibrating plane on cleaning effect. / St.-Petersburg, foreshortening singular foreshortening, Plural foreshortenings of an innovation, the scientific bulletin, magazine. – 2006. 1-release. – P. 38-40. [in Russian]. 15. Yablonsky A. A course of fluctuations, St.-Petersburg: the Fallow deer, 2004.-248 pp. [in Russian]. 18

№ 11 (104) ноябрь, 2022 г. FOOD TECHNOLOGY DOI – 10.32743/UniTech.2022.104.11.14540 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SIDES OF COW, GOAT AND SHEEP MILK Lochinbek Ibragimov Assistant of the Department of Food Technology, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Republic of Uzbekistan, Fergana E-mail: [email protected] Khayatulla Isakov Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences Andijan State University Republic of Uzbekistan, Andijon ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНЫЕ И ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ СТОРОНЫ КОРОВЬЕГО, КОЗЬЕГО И ОВЕЧЬЕГО МОЛОКА Ибрагимов Лочинбек Абдурахмонович ассистент кафедры пищевых технологий, Ферганский политехнический институт Республика Узбекистан, г. Фергана Исаков Хаятулла профессор, д-р техн. наук Андижанский государственный университет Республика Узбекистан, г. Андижан ABSTRACT This article provides information on the positive and negative aspects of cow, goat, sheep milk for the human body, its benefits for various diseases, its role in the food industry, and its chemical composition. Milk contains various vitamins. Due to milk and dairy products, a person can fully satisfy his body's need for vitamins A and B vitamins. You can see the comparative composition table of cow, goat and sheep milk. АННОТАЦИЯ В данной статье представлена информация о положительных и отрицательных сторонах коровьего, козьего, овечьего молока для организма человека, его пользе при различных заболеваниях, его роли в пищевой промыш- ленности, его химическом составе. Молоко содержит различные витамины. За счет молока и молочных продук- тов человек может полностью удовлетворить потребность своего организма в витаминах А и витаминах группы В. Вы можете ознакомиться со сравнительной таблицей состава коровьего, козьего и овечьего молока. Keywords: lactase, osteoporosis, viral infections, diarrhea, allergic, zinc, selenium, dang, platelets, children, bone, vitamins, alcohol. Ключевые слова: лактаза, остеопороз, вирусные инфекции, диарея, аллергический, цинк, селен, черт, тромбоциты, дети, кость, витамины, алкоголь. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Our demand for food is increasing day by day, Such products are very necessary for our growing which leads to the increase of various artificial (chemical) youth and intellectuals. Despite the fact that there are products. If a person has a proper approach to daily many types of lactating animals in the world, the appear- nutrition, if he consumes products made from natural ance of the milk of all lactating animals is the same, but and fresh products in moderation, the development of their chemical and biological structure is different, and cells in the body will be correct. The demand for milk and their effect on the human body is also different. We will dairy products in the daily diet is increasing day by day. briefly touch on how cow, goat and sheep milk and milk Calcium is one of the most important vitamins in dairy products are useful for us and the vitamins and minerals products. they contain. In general, each milk has its own benefits, __________________________ Библиографическое описание: Ibragimov L.A., Isakov K. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SIDES OF COW, GOAT AND SHEEP MILK // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2022. 11(104). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/14540