Львов Н.И. Казахский академический театр драмы

A kaA eM a y k K a 3 a x ck o ii CCP H. H. A bB O B KA3AXCKMH AKAAEMHMECKHH TEATP APAMbI IH3AameAbcmBo AkaACMHH Hayk Ka3axckcm ('C P AA M a-A m a—1957

AHHOTAUHH Paliora npcAcraBdaer cofc& oRi-pn acropwi K a u w ^ u .i. enure opaena Tpyacworo KpacHoro 3uawii!i vtaii'.i ipauu i .o spia^HUiiHH ao aaicHx anefl Krnwa jHanoMiir nii.ii.' paeft 303HRKH0BCHHAHpaSBKTHfl CBpSOrOKajSXCKO.Onpi'ip- in 2'a«armccxon> leaipa. OKBaaBiuern fio/ifcuior ii.hik.iii.' i seem reaipaatHoro HCKyccrea b pccnyft.niKe 3 ar«ra noapo6Ro ocseaaiorca siapu TBOp'ucv........i iecs» cauasBoro c oCuwm pasBHiHeM reaipa.it.noro m k\\»-. ii pecnyC.T»K Coai-tckoro Coroja. ,1a i s6 « o«tc.: .uijii ai:.i . Bpwix uHKiaMei. pafiotu axtepoii, p. A.mrpini >. i. • .1 KRBra paccwana na Maccosoro mrrarc.ni.

OT ABTOPA PaGoTa m u HCTopnefi Ka3axcKoro AicaAeMHiecKoro Tearpa apaMU na- •laTa mhok) b 1940 roay, Korja no nopyieHHio rocyaapcTuennoro UenTpa.ib -iioro TeaTpajifaHoro My3ea hm. . Baxpymmia a BnepBbie npaexa.1 u A.iMa-Aty. •>ito6h coGpaTfa siaTepaaa o TeaTpajibiioM HcxyccTBe Ka3axcTana. C tcx nop. yBaeaeHHHft apKUM cBoeo6pa3HeM Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa, a He nopuoa.i cimhi <• hhm: noaTH e*eroAHO GbiBaji b Aaiia-Are, npocMaTpHBaa nocTaiiouKii tcaTpa. caeAHJi 3a ero TBopxecKHM pa3BHTHeM. B 1953—56 roAax, Gyayni naymiUM -carpyflHHKOM Ceicropa HCKyccTBOBeAPHHa AKaaeMHH Hayx KaaaxcKoii CCP, a 3aBepuiH/i CBoe HccjieAOBamie o TBopaecKOM nyTH Ka3axcKoro AKajeMimecKo- ro TeaTpa ApaMH. OcHOBOft ajih 3Toro TpyAa, KpoMe jihhhux BnexaTJienHii, noc.iy/Kiuii ap- xHBHue MaTepnaAhi caMoro TeaTpa h YnpaBJieHHH no A&naM hckvcctii Kaaax- craaa, ra36THbie h xtypHajibHbie CTarbH, peueH3HH, a raaBHoe— smoro'mc.icii- Hbie GeceAfai c tboptcckhmh paGoramcaMH caMoro TeaTpa: aKTepaMii, pewnc- cepaMH, Apa.viaTypraMH, xyaoxmKaMH, KOMno3HTopaMH. Beceau stii, a.ihb- innecH Hiioraa no HecmnbKy AHefl h no MHory nacoB, n a m iicKnioHHTe.ibH'> neHHbrn MaTepHaJi o xh3hh h TBopiecree TeaTpa. CpeAH TOBapnmefl, noAeAHBiiiHxcfl cbohmh BOcnoMHHaiiHSMH, oco6yio no- womb 0Ka3anH MHe HapoAHue apracm Ka3axcKoii CCP Kanaii Baaupou. Cepxe KoJKaMKynoB, KajinGex KyaHuranaeB, EmoGail YxiypsaKOB, Paxim KoSnyGaeBa, IIIaKeH AflMaHOB, KanaGeic BaflcenTos, Kyp.'ian6eK JKaHjap6e- kob, HapoAHan apTHcrea CCCP KyJiam BaficeHTOBa, 3ac,iyweHHbie apTHCibi Ka3axcKoii CCP KaAKeii AAtuibiHiioB, XaAHUia ByKeeea, KaMan KapMucoB, 3ara KypMaHGaeBa, CaGnpa MafhcaHOBa, >Karna Ory36aeB, MaHTafl Cbi3- AHkob, CefltJjyjuia TenbrapaeB, AGnKeii XaceHOB, MajniKe UlaMOaa, apTHCTbi BnKeH PHMoaa, UJojmaH JKaHAapGeKOBa, XaA«ma JKHeHKynoBa, ATafi6eK JKonyM6eTOB, PaxMerynna CanbMeHOB, 6hiBUiHe apTHCTbi TeaTpa Aflnia A6- AyJUHHa, <Pamxa AuixeeBa, 3yrpa ATaGaeBa, JKatiaA JKa.iMyxaMGeTOBa. Kaviux CaypbiKOB, ApaMaiyprn MyxTap Ay330B, A-ibwanap A6HmeB, Ca6iiT

MynaHOB, ra6nT MycpenoB. IIIaxMoT Xycamion. pettiuw pu rcaTpa M. W. ro.uaf3.iaT. M. T. Hacoiios. KJ. A. Pvtkoiii'Khii. M. A • .... B pa3pa6oTnc MaTcpHajia ciepaa v*ijictiio npiimiMa.i i.ik/m- iwj corpyaiiHK Cenropa HCKyccTBOiie;ieim« Ty.wrcii lxvitro.u,;uin. c.lc.ianlllllfl ncpeBOAMHeKOTopwx Jibec h peu,eH3iiii c KaaaxcKoio iuukii ii.t py«vKiw. BajKHoe 3Ha>ieHHe flan paOoisi iimo.io oficviKfleimo in-piicma'i.i.ii.iioro iia- pnairra pynonHcn b AisafleMH'iecKOM TMTpc .ipaMU, n OKiopo neaipa IIjk-tii- Tyra iicTopmi hckvcctb AKaaewini hhvk CO IP. a (>1.uvu-imu uTiuuvriu'iiiiux Hayn, HHCTHiyTe iictophh, apxeo.ionm u VTiior|>ia<|>ii>i. Ilm -im yii' H.iiJKa li .iiiTepaTypw, Ceicrope HCKyccTBOBefli’tnm Aksuomhii ii:ivk Ka laxoKnii COP. Abtop npaiiociiT r.nySoKyio h m'Kpi'inuoio fuaro.iapiiiH’ib nrpciiuvU'llilblM BHUie TOBapmuan h opramoaminM :<a oKariaiiimo min iionihiki. C BHxoaoM b CBeT flaimoro o'lepxa piiGoiv iia.i luiopiu'il Ka.iavKoro AKaaeMmecKoro Tearpa hcubh C'linaTi, aauopiiioniiofi. .KI-.ti'I hiiiI Timp'ie- ckhS rntb cTapeftoiero b Ka3axcTano liauiioiia.ibiioro ToaTpa m> mot nhiTb BcecropoHHe ocBemeH b oflHoii MOHorpaipun. llcKOTopwc riiCKTaiuii. mno.1- HeHiie acKOTOpux poaefi flame BeayiniiMii aKTcpa.vii Tcaipa lie mot.hi (\">biTb aocraToiHo uihpoko npoaiiaanaiiponaiibj. Pha oonpocoB mop'iooKoro pa iuh- thh TeaTpa touko nocTaBJien, ho ac Koima 11c paapcuicii. HacTomiuiii onepK SB-iaeTcn tcuko HniaaoM iwyiciuia tiiop'iccKoro ny- tii Ka3axcKoro AKaAeMH'iecKoro TeaTpa Apasiu a uocro TeaTpaibiioru ifc- KyccTBa Ka3axcTana.

B03HHKH0BEHHE H HA1AJI0 PA3BHT11H KA3.YXCK0ro TEATPA JPAMH (1925-1928) EecnpeaeabiiaH Ka3axcKaa CTem>... Tpn tucshh KH.ioMeTpon c .iana,ta Ha boctok, ot Bojith ao HpThiuia, racsma ceMbcor KnaoMerpoB c ceecpa h.-i ror, ot rop Koxmeray ao MHMKeura na OTporax TsHb-IUaHH. llo sthm ctc- nsM B6K3MH xoieBaa Ka3axcKHH Hapofl: occHbK) — cnycKaacb b hiuhhu, na Tenjrue shmobkh — «xbicTay», 3amnmeHHue ot ryfiHTeabiibix Bbior. BecHofl— nepefiHpaacb Ha fiorarae .reTHHe naerCHma — «a»caftany*. oco6ciiho poc- KouiHbie Ha cwioHax bucokhx npeflropHfi... Ka3axcKaa erem ourraaacb b P ccchhckoh HMnepHH oaHoii H3 naiiOo- aee OTaaaeimbix kmohhh, oTCTaJiofi b noaHTiiaecxoM h 3kohomhmcckom pa:>- bhthh. Eme b nepBOii aeiBepTH XX sexa saecb rocnoacTBOBa.iH naTpnap- xa.ibHo-tfieoaajrbiibie othoiiibkha* coxpauMca xoieBoft oCpaa *H3Hii. Eme SoJiee oiCTaBaa Ka3axcraH b xyabTypHOM p33bhthh. Ko/iHiecrao rpaMorabix cpeAH Ka3axcxoro Hapoaa ao peaoaiouHH He npeabiuiaao a»yx npoueH-roB. To.ibxo HaHOoaee nepeaoBbie, aeMOxpaTHiecxH HacTpoeHHbie npeacTaBHTMH xasaxcKofi HHTeaJiHreHmw XIX Bexa — MoxaH Ba.iHxanou. A6aS KyHaHCaeB, H6pafl AjiTbiHcapHH — oco3HaBajm 3HaneHHe npocBeme- hhh a-ia CBoero Hapoaa, cTpeMH.nicb npoaBHHyTb Bnepea ae-io HapoaHoro o6pa30BaHHa, 6opoaacb 3a c6aH*eHHe c nepeaoBoft, aeMoxpaTimecxoH xy.ib- Typofi pyccxoro Hapoaa. C hhx HaqiiHaeTca hobsa noaoca p33bhthji xa3a\\- cxoii .iHTepaTypu h Hcxyccrea. Ho mibKO b roau coBeTcxofi b.iocth mx HaeH H HaHHHH npeTBOpanHCb B WH3Hb.

evinccTBOtwAO HmccKoro MacrepcTBa. Ha CoJibuioM BUCOTe CTOMa b Ka3axcnoii crenn Kyawypa jKimoro c.io- na. Ha cyae n coGpamisix cocTHBa.incb b opaiopcKOM iickvcctbo fimi-opaTO- pu. Ha tobx 11 BCiepiiiwax cucTyna.™ paccKaaniKii-iuyiiiHKii, nnpor.ioou. VM6BHIHC 321151Tb BHIIMailHe CoOpaBlUHXCH TOCTCfi CK93K0U, HIUCUUITb 1IX npacKa3Koii, aarajucoft, uiyncofi. BeKOBaa KyjibTypa jkiiboto caoBa b Ka3axcTane, BK.no'ianiinaii a rc6n siaciepciBO oparopa, paccKa3HKKa, ocrpocaoBa, China iioAxna'ieiia m-pmjMil aKiepaMH Ka3axcKoro Teaipa, wo HecoMHcmio noMor.io hm n uupnfioTKC o6iuhx hopm cueiniaecKoB peiii. H3 Bcex biiaob HapoAiioro TBOpuccTBa iiaiidoabiiioc pacnpocTpaiiomio b Ka3axcKofl *ii3Hii, q k noBceaHeBHofi, Tax h npa3Aiintniofi, ho.t.v<iii.t;i, ko- Hcchbmh Cun iipo«H3aH Becb 6ht Ka3axcKoro iiapoja: r. mix iiupnttn.l oh cboh AyMbj, paaocTb ii rope, rieciia conpoBO*aa.ia Tpya na.iaxa 11 ero ot- aux, HBAs-iacb cocTaBiioii MacTbio ero Cutobux oOpaaoB 11 npaaamiKoii. It aa- bhchmocth ot ycnOBiifi, 3Tii necHii pa3JiHiHbi no xapawepy 11 iiacrpoemiio: AKpii'iecKiie— rpycTiibie, uinpoKHe; iirpiiBbie— Beccabie, nopoii nepexoAsumie b cKoporoBopxy; repoiiiecKHe —TopwccTBOiuibie; 6e33aCoTHbie —fiecuiaOam- HO-pa3MatIllICTUI3, __ TuuuejibHoe Haywime smix coKpoeam HapoAiioro TBOpuccTBa noKaaw.'

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ta.ibHaa ny3UKa b Ka3axcKofl crena AocTiiraa 3HaHHTejibHoro xyaojuccr Beiraoro ypoBHfl. Haiitoibineii nonyjiapHociHO cpeflii iiapoiHux My3UKaHTOB nonbsoaa- ,iacb ;iOM6pa; h mokho TO-ibKOH3yMJiHTi>CH MacrepCTBy, c kotopum oim an- crauM i cayjKHTb ce6c siot iiesaTeftaiiBuft HHCTpyMenT, pa3birpbH3an na iieM lie raibKo BapnauHH na tcmu Hapoanux neccii (c ieM BUCTynaior ofibwiio iiauiii 6aaaaaeMHBKH), ho h cnowHue, HyTb jib He CHM<t>OHiiHCCKoro Tuna npoH3BeaeHHn - kioh. Hnoraa kioS HMeer nporpaMHHbifi xapancp. Haio.TiiHTe.Tb kioh pHcyer b My3biKajibHHX o6pa3ax ueayio KapTimy, nope- saer ajihhhuS paccna3. TeMa aroro paccKa3a—jih6o ncjrcmin npnpoAU. iuysi Beipa u ctciih, nenae rmm, 6er 3Bepeft, jih6o noxowaemia ck.kiomiiux repoeB, CKaina, rpoxoT 6htbh, jih6o co6uth« H3 noBceAHeBHoii JKinim— cBaAb6a, nrpa MOAOAexH. %o6u coAepwaHHe kioh 6mao jioiihtho cjiyuiaTejiio, iicnojimrrcjib lacro coiipoBoiKAa.i iirpy cooTBeiCTByiomHM BCTymireAbHUM cjiobom, a mioTAa n noHcneiiHCMOTAeabiiux aacTefi. Bo wiiorax cayaaax rarae noHCtiemiH nupa- craaa b neaue jiereHAH hjih HOBeJinu, npoapamio paccKa3biBaBiimc oii oficrOHTejlbCTBax, npll Koiopux C03AaBa.1CHAailHblfi KlOl'l'. HecoMiiemio, 113 liapoAHoS necHH, o6pnAOBoii 11 6utoboh, BHpoc.ni 11 pa3BHJiiia> b Aa.TbHeHiiieM bcc bham ycTHOii no33HH Ka3axcKoro iiapo.ia, BKjiioaaa 11 ero 6o.ibume (jiopum—snwrecKHe nosMu. 3ro noATBepiKAaercH, b aacniocTii, tcm iJiaKTOM, bto ao chx nop npH HCnojnieHim nepeA apiiTC.TCM aapHHHue nosMu ne imaioTCH, a iioiotch Ha cooTBercTByioimiii tckctv omiaecKHiis mothb b conpoBO*AeiiHH AOMfipu. npoH3BCAenHH CTapHHHoro Ka3axcKoro snoca no CBoesiy coaepmamno pa3AejiaiOTCH Ha ABa tana. B noSMax repoH'iecKiix BocneBaiOTcn noABiiru ■SarapoB b 6opb6e c BparoM. B nosxiax coiuiajibHo-6biTOBbix pa3BHBaioTCH npeHMyinecTBeHHO JiapmecKHe, mofioBKHe ciowera, ho 6biT0Baa TCManiKa B HUXoOhmho ncpenaeTaercH c tcm3thkoh ofimecTBeHHOfi, nocKOJibKV am . «aa cyAboa repoeB onpeaeJiaeTCH He TOJibKO hx we/iaHHHMH, 110 h o6bi'ia«. mh poAOBoro oomecToa, 3aKoiiaMH DiapnaTa. „„„ -o BpeMeHH npoH3BCAeHHH Ka3axcKoro CTapmmo- oMemaAHCb HCcaeAOBaieJiHUHnenpaBMbHo, c nosnuHfi aHTHMaoK- KKpawCKpblITrHK!) \"HXC!eOflHHHHaOjIrb°HOn-OlUTaOCKCaO>B' Ofi CyKiUOHHOKCpTeHTH. O-HCTOpHMeCKOrO noaxwa

TypOBeaaMK KasaxeraHa rtpoBeueHa 0CK0BaTenbHan pa6oia no ana.Tii.3v eta- pHiinoro anoca, no ohhiuchhio napoAHux noaM o t peaxiucoHHbix iincAoeiniii. TipBBHeceHHbix HAeonoraMH ^eojaabiio-CaficKoii BepxyuiKH h 6yp<Kva3iiuMii BauHOHajiHCTaMH. PsiA CTapHHHUX HapOAHbIX n03M, OTJlHiaiOUXHXCH WHBUM ynncxnTC.il.- hmm doweroM, c ycnexoM Hcnojib30Ban ApaMaTypraMK Ka3axcTana wan oc- HOBa aah ApaMaTHiecKHx nbec nan onepnux .mi6peTTo. . My3biKaabHUHH ApaMaMH «AflMaH— Uloanaii* h «Ku3-JKh0ck», onepoii «Ep-TaprbiH» HaiHiiaa cboio TBOpiecxyro wii3Hb pecnyfoiHKaiicKHii Myju- KaabHufl TeaTp. Co BpeMeHH noHBJiema Ha cueHe n ao HauiHx ahcA sth npoM3B6ACHHH He BbixoAHT H3 penepiyapa KaK ctoxhmhoto, Tax 11 oOnacT- .Hbix TeaTpoB. OrpoMHbift ycnex HMeeT ApaMaTHHecxan nbeca «Kosbi-Kop- nem — Basif-CyAp. H a cueHe h KasaxcKoro h pyccKoro Teaipoa nonon- viacb raioKe CTapHHHaa repoHqecxaa nosMa o KoCjiaHflbi-CaTbipc. Mhothc H3 nepeuHCAeHHbix cnemxAefi bouiah b «3<wioToii (j>onn» km- 3axcKoro TeaTpa. M u c iiojihum npaBOM mo>kcm na3BaTb nx k-mcciikoh x.i- 3axcKOro TeaTpa — Tax ace, KaK cnexTaxAH «A bophhckoc riiC3Ao» ii.m «AHHa KapeHHHa> Ha3UBaioT pyccKofc xjiaccnxoft Ha coBercKoii cueiic. He jimh ApaMaTypra hah KOMno3HTopa, o6pa6aTHBaiomero ciowct, npiuncr bthm npoH3BeAeHHHM xapaKTep KAaccHKH, a HapoAHufl anoc, AOKamufl b iix ocHOBe, o6pa3u aroro anoca c uepiaMH xapaicrepa, Koropue hc c.iy<iaitnn noAMenenu otacjibhum aBTopoM, a 3a(j)HKCHpoBanu Ha6.iK>AeiniHMii miiohix HOKOAeHHft. HapOAHoe raopqecTBO, crapHHHue nos.\\iu h CKa3Kii Ka3.ixcTana Gbi.ui Toft nAOAOTBOpHOfl nOHBOH, Ha KOTOpoS OCBoGojKAeilllblft Ka3axCKilfl liapo.1 UocAe BeAHKofi OKraGpbeKoi’i peBOAiouHH npH coAeiicTBHH pyccKoro liapo.ia -CT3A coaaaBaTb cboio nauHOflaAbHyio no (JopMe, couiiaABCTHiecxyio no co- AepacauHio xyAoxtecTBeHHyio KyAbTypy, cboh HaunoHaAbHufi TeaTp. Bucoxoe MacTepcTBo hchboto caob3, pa3BHTue b k333xckom 6utv iia- bukh opaTopcKofl pern, 6aAarypcTBa, 3aTefinHiecTBa, octpocaobhh npuaa- ah HauHOHaAbHoe CBoeo6pa3He cueHHiecxoii nrpe nepBux axTepoB Ka3ax- CKoro ApaMaTHqecKoro TeaTpa. riecennaa h HHCTpyueHTaAbHaa KVAbTypa Ka3axcraHa AaAa MaTepnaA aah co3A8hhh nepBux My3UKaAbnux cnexTak- -iefi. HaxoHeu. b snoce, b cxasxax TeaTp HaiueA iieHCiepnaeMbie. HaxonAen- Hbie BexaMH coxpoBHiua napoAHofl MyApocre h (JiaHTa3HH, CoraTeAuiHii KAaAe3b CHMKeTOB H 06pa30B, OTUIAHCflOBailHUX MHOrHMH nOKOAeHHHMH Ha- poAHux cxa3HTeAeii. 3 th GoraTCTsa ijioAbKAopa h nocAyjKHAH TBepaoii ono- pofi MOAOAofi xa3axcxoS ApaMaTyprHH. HapoAHoe TBopnecTBO noMOTAO MacrepaM ncxyccTB Ka3axcTaHa Bupa- SHTb Ha cueHe ncHXHiecKHS cKAau xa3axcxoro Hapoaa, npHAan> tcm comum apxoe HauHonaAbHoe ahuo 6ypno paCTymeMy xa3axcxoMy Teatpy.

B npoTiiBono.io*HocTb iiapoanoMy TBop'iecray caMoaeaTe.ibBoro hckyc- CTsa ao Ha'ia.ia XX Bena b Ka3,ixcKoft cremi He cymecTBOBaao. ToabKOne3aaoaro ao nepBOfi unpoBofi BofiHbi 3apoAB-iocb cpeaH K33ax ckoii Hiiie.'LinreiiUHH (raaBHUH o6pa30M b oKpaHHHux ropoaax Ka3axcTa- iia) cipcMaemie ycrpaiiBaTb aio6HTeabCK0c cneKraKjw no o6pa3uy pycciois leaipos, iirpaBinnx b OpeH6ypre, ypa.ibcue, CeMHnajiaTHHcKe, IlCTponan- joBcse, h TaTapcKHx Tpynn, HeoanoKpaTHo npne3*aBUiHX Ha racrptt-M u ro- IM(1910—1916) othochtcsi 113,-ipo»aeiiHC Ka3axoKoii iia- unuHii.ibiuiH apaMaryprHH. B are BpeMH noaiwaioTca nbecu KyJibCa* Tom coaa h Hinam-ann MeHauxanoua3. Ho 3tii nepBue nonuTKH k co3aaimio CBoero TeaTpa He aaan cine aim- Mux pe3yabTaT0B: HaxoaHBiuHfica iioa jBOHHbiM rueroM — napoKoro caM.oiaeeppaaaisiiH h co6crBeHiibix (peoaaaoB — xasaxcKHii Hapoa lie iisiivi n in ~r.ja HeofixoaHMUx ycaoBHfi ana KyabTypnoro pa3BHTiia. ToabKo BeaaKaa OKtafipbCKasi couHaaHCTinecKaa pcaoniomia ocnofioaii- aa Hapoau Pocchh or MHoroBeKOBoro couiiaabHoro h HanHoiiaabHoro riiota. noaowHaa Haiaao paciueTy KyjibTypu, iiaiiHOHaabHofi no (popwe, conmuiie- th'Icckob no coaepwaHino. OaHHMB3 npoHBaenna 3Toro paciueTa 6uao 3apowaeHiie Teaipa y tex napoaoB, KOTopue paHbine ero He HMeau, b tom q«cae y Ka3axon. Ilocae OKTHfipbCKofi peBoaioiuiH Haqaaca pocT Teatpaabiiofi cnMoaea- TeabHocTHHa Ka3axcxoM a3HKe: b mKoaax, HHCTHTyrax, K.iy6ax. >mcTiix Kpacnofi ApsiHH. Boabiuoe 3iia<ieHHe ana aaabiiefiiuero pa3BHTimTeaTpaabiioro iiCKVCCTBa: HMeaa teaipaabHan caHoaeaTeabHocn. cpeaH Ka3axcKoro cTyaeimecTBii upeHoypre, KOTopuft ao 1925 roaa 6ua CToamjefi pecny&iHKii h ee Kv.lbTvp- hum newpoM. Cioaa creKaaacb co Bcex kohuobHeoe-baraoro Kaaaxciinia in- peaoBaa Moaoaewb, noayaHBuiaa aocryn k Hayxe h HCKyccTBv. )Kaano umi TaBaaa ona o ce6a 3Haraa, noctoaHHO HHTepecoBaaaCb TearpoM. Pa3BHTHe xyaojtrecTBeHHoS caMoaeaTe-ibiioctH b OpeH6ypre Havaaoci. uiHmielbb^ Be,lep0B HcneKTaK-1eii- Kt\"opbie ycTpamia.-iHCb cobmcctho via- m t t S S l i E Z Z E Z i “ y\" \" *

ro TeaTpa, b to bpcmh yjaiuHHCH TaTapcKoro BOCToqHoro neaarorHqecxoro HHCTHTyTa b OpeH6ypre. CepKe (Cepann) KoacaMKyaoB (roa poxca. 1896) npHexaa b OpeK- Cypr b 1920 rosy, hm€h y * e HeKOTophifl oribiT cueHHqecxoft paCoTti. Ro no- ro oh HaxoanacH b KycraHae b napTH3aucK0M OTpnae KOMaHaHpa flwati- TH.ibflHiia. KycTaHaflcKHii OTaea Hapoanoro o6pa30BaHHn nposiBH.i HHHUHam- *y h co3aaa noaynpo$ecCHOHaabHy» TeaipaabHyio Tpynny, b pafioiy koto- poft 6ujih BOB^eqeHu 6ohluj napTH3aHCKoro OTpaaa, b tom hhcjic h Ccpxc KoxaMxyaoB. Ero HpXHii xoMeamtabifl TaaaHT cpa3y o6panta 11a ce6« bhh- MaHHe. OcoGeHHbifi ycnex Cepxe hm&ii b Hefioabuioii 6biTOBofl KoMeaim «BeTMay, xyaarbifi* («yBH, sto cBaxa»), rae oh Hcnoarou po.ib npiiaypxo- BaToro h neyaaqaHBoro aceHHxa, noxHTHBmero h npiiBe3Uicro a cBofi av.i bmocto awSHMofi aeeymKH ee CTapyio Tency. Eme apqe 3afijiHcraa TaaaHT KowaMxy.ioBa Ha opeH6yprcKiix vqeHiiqe- ■ckhx cneKTaMHX, hmh ero craao H3Becrao b ihhpokhx xpyrax xaaaxcxoA HHTeaanreHUHH. B aaabHeftuieM ueiiTpOM KyabTypHoii jkh3hh OpenCypra h b to we npe- mh ucHTpo.M TeaTpaabHbix HaquHaiiHA caeaaaca BiioBb oTxpuTbift Kn.iaxcKHfi HHCTHTyT iiapoaitoro oOpa30BaiiHa (KHHO). 3aecb He ToabKo roTOBH.-mn, yqHTeaa aaa Moaoaoii pecny6anxK. B HHCTHTyTe BUxoBHBaaiicb xnapbi ho- BOii coBeTCKoil HHTeaaHreHUHH Ka3axcraHa: 6yaym«e aHTepaTopu, xtypna- .IHCTbl, KPHTHKH, HCTOpHKH... Bnoaiie nOHHTHO, MTO yqaiUHeCH HHTepeCOBa- aHCb H HaUHOHaabHblM HCKVCCTBOM, OHH Cbl.'lH HHHUHaTOpaMH aKlfiHTeabCXHX cnexTaxaefi. B 1922 roay b HHcnn-yTe bo3hhk nocTOHHHbifi TeaTpaabiihiii xpywoK, -cpa3y 33HHBUJHH Beaywee MecTO b xyaowecTBeHHOfi caMoaeBTeabHOCTii cto- .iHUH 6aaroaapa cepbe3H0My OTKoraeHHio ero yqacTHHKOB k HcxvccTBy. B pafioTe Kpy*Ky noMoraan h HexoTopwe neaarora, HHoraa aawe nnca.ni aan Hero nbecw. Akthbhmmh yqacrHHKaMH sroro xpyatxa 6bum fiyaymne axTepu Kaaax- CKoro reaTpa EaioSaft YniypsaxoB h KanaH BaawpoB, nocTyniiBUiHe b KHHO nepsuft - - b 1923, BTopoii — b 1922 roay. Eme b Kpy*Ke nposmuaocb aa- posaHHe Eaio6aa yMypsaxoBa (roa porca. 1899), Hesaypaanoro MacTepn napoaHoro TBopqecTBa — TaaaHTaHBoro neBua, ocrpoyMHoro 3aTCHiiiiKa, reMnepaMeHTHoro uiyniHica. C aeTCTBa EaioOafl 3Haa mhoto neceH h npn- neBOK, CK330K h 3araaoK, xoTopHMH oh 3a6aBana wnreaea CBoero ayaa. aKKOMnaHHpya cefie Ha aoMOpe, conpoBowaan necHH noreuiHofl miimhkob h BbixoaKaMH. BnepBue oh iiaqa.i BucrynaTb Ha xyao*ecTBeHHbix Benepax b OpeHfiypre xax HcnoaiiHre-ib anpHqecxHX h myroqHbix neceH. a MTeM c ycnexoM npHHHJi yqacrae h b TeaTpaabHbix npeacraBaeHHax. Ocogchho yaaBaancb Eaiofiaio KOMeaHHHue ponH. BepiHHHOii ero ycnexa obiaa _poab Beceaoro, pa36HTHoro CaTpaxa MaaxaMCasi b oaHOHMeHHOH HeSo.ibwon xo- bieaHH EpixaHa EpaauaeBa.

Kanaa BanupO*B v(.twoa p^o*A. 1904) ----------- e HcnyccTBOM y*c o coBeicKoe Bpeua, «a cneKTaonx wKOJibaofi caMOAenTeJibaocTK. Kanaa po- Aiiaca a Bupoc b ayjie, pacnoJiojKeaaoM aenonaneKy or ropoAa ipoauK.i, rue y*e KecKOJibKOaer cynjecTBOBan TaiapcKaS TeaTpaJihHufi KpywoK. Or- ryAa b poAaofi aya Kanaaa npae3«ana aa Jiero yaaiuaeca pa3aux iukcm. :,aTeCaBnnie bo opeMa Kainuiyn ycrpoScTBo .noOHiejibCKax cneKTaKnea. B OABKB3 hhx Kanaa 6wi BOMeaea aeowaAaaao AAa aero caMoro. O/uiaiK- Abi Beaepoia b Aoepa ero AOMa nocTyaa.ia ABoe yaamaxca a 3anBKJia: «3aiiT- pa y aac cneicraKJib, aau Hywau aKtepbi. Mu CAejiann «pa3BepcrKy», c KaacAoro ABopa no OABOMy aenoBeay. Ot Bac mu BH3UBaeM Kanaaa, hvcti. .aeaaercH na penerauaio*. Maib ae xorena ero OTnycniTb, ao npwiHwuuc ae npaaaMaaa aanaKax 0TK330B, «Tbo8 cub ywe aKTep>, — saiBium oaii a ywacy MaTepa. A aa Apyrofl Aeab fiyAywafl aapoAHuB apracrr pecny&in- KH, noAxpacBB uickh apacauM kapaHAauioM, noAaepaaB 6pooa yrncM, ywo Bucrynan b ateacKoB pojia xopoweiibKofi «KeJinHuieK» (caoxa) b nauBHofr KOM6AHBsBerMay, Kyaaruib. B OpeaSypre Kanaa BaAupoB cia.i AesrrejibiiuM yaacraaKOM imcan- hux cneKTamieS. tlpaeawaa aa Kaanayau b poAaofi ayn, oa a 3accb ycrpaa- Baa cneKTaKJia c ynactaeM Mecraoft moaoacwh. flo opraiiH3auiiH npo(j>eccaonajibKoro rocyAapcTBeaaoro rearpa caMo- aenrejibHufi apyaiox Ka3axcnoro HBCTaryTa aapoAaoro o6pa30Banaa Cu.i caMUMaarepecauM a KyabTypauM TcarpaabHUM KonneKTHBOM Ka3axciaaa. v^neKTamia ero noJib30Ba.iacb orpoMKUM ycnexoM cpena mojioaokk. Ivro paooTa coaencTBOBajia noBuineaaio HBTepeca k TearpajibBOMy aCKyccmv b ninpoKHX apyrax aacejieaan, nocitojibay neAarora, OKOHiaBUiae KHHd \" 30H,a|e>PiHeTaebJibyneyrKp)aaDnOaJjibiabcnOeDKrTaaamaaiaai’b\"\"mwuiax. Kpy*OK KHHO curpa.i jaxwe ......... ........ aer L S “ f la\"°6,lre-'\"‘Horo nepaoAa b KaaaxcTaae - noc.ie pair l pa3pyxo0 H - o6o3Hanuica nocTeneaaufi a r s ^ r r t “ : a'-a ■“ « 3a hhm h 00 Aaaa b Kasax«ofi S r e T Z ^ T ' * ' 83\"1\" Cp«Heft ciKaaaxcxKM HaceJieaaJ , a c ro m a . 6^ ‘,mB”CTB0 0&laCTeft °PW OAHK as OWHBACHHUX ^ \" “ Opeafiypra b KsbLi- WpaseBKH■Ta-Kn-aa-.oaaAbauft rearpF \"MUolr HaH™ Ma ccee6f»i»TOuJi°aLroHn■pa-C-a-™a-t-a—uP-eecn.vy'wc6ji-uTo'uBKi>iiia*a. cneioaBu aa Oyaymee.

B ofipameHHH «K pafioaHM, ckotoboabm, 3eMfleje.ibiwM, ko hcom Tpy- flHUWMCH* Cbe3A OTMeiajl, TO «n03aAH OCTajIHCb BejIHKHC TpyAIIOCTM', 6opb6a c yrHeraT&nflMH, THweaue roAH rpawaaKCKoft boBhu, hwioa 1920 21 roaoB, pafioTa no co3flamno h yKpenneHHio pecnytaKH. Bnepc.w cm> MHoro AeJia, mhoto TBopaecKoft paCoTU, ho Tenepb pecny6nHKa uco cimu Ko*er HanpaBHTb Ha noAHHTHe HapoAHoro xo3HiiCTBa, MaxepHa.ibiioro 6.ia- I'OCOCTOHHHH TpyflHIUHXCH, HX KyjIbTypHOrO ypOBHH. Ot SHeprHIl TpyaHUlHX- ch 33BHCHT npeBpameHHe HHmeHCKoro, orcranoro Ka3axcTaHa b ciuibiiyio. X03HftcTBeHHo B03po*AeHHyio, KyjibTypHyio CoBeTcxyio pecny6jiHKy»*. B pe30JiiouHH «06 oicpeAHbix 3aaaqax HapoAHoro npocBememia K.i 3axcKofl ACCP» cte3a oTMeaaa rpoMaaHufi pocT KyabrypHbix 3anpocoi; ipyAHumxcH Macc Ka3axcraHa h pa3BHBaa uinpoKyio nporpaMMy Mcponpmi THft no yaOBAeTBOpeHHIO 3THX 3anp0C0B. B hhcac McponpHHTHH, b nyHKTe 25, fiuao 3anHcaHo: <ycKopiiTb coi- aaHHe Ka3axcKoro nanHonaabHoro TeaTpa*. Taxoc pemeHiie nno.nie co- OTBCTCTBOBaao Bee Bo3pacTaBinHM crpeMaeHHHM Ka3axcKoro iiapoAa ao- GHTbCH BCeCTOpOHHCrO P33BHTHH CBOefl HaUHOHaAbHOH Ky.lbTypU BO BCl’X ee npoHBaeHHHX, b tom HHCJie h b ofinaCTH HCKyceraa. nepeaoBaa aacTb Ka3axcKoro ofiujecTBa Bee uiHpe 3HaKOMii.iaci, c to- aTpaabHbiM HCKyccTBOM no cneKTaiwiHM pyccxoro Teaipa, TaiapcKHX nope- abhjkhhx Tpynn, caMoaeaTeabHux Kpy*Kon, Bee HacT05iTe.ibnefi Bua<a3bi- Baaa noxcejiaHHe HMen> cboA HaioioHaabHwii reaTp. B OKTHfipe 1925 roaa Ka3axcKaa ABTOHOMiiaa ConeTCKa« Comia.inc- THaecKaa Pecny&iwKa npa3AH0Ba.ua naTiuiCTHe CBoero cymecnjOBaHHH. Ha wSHJiee BbicrynHn c ApaMannecKHM cneicraKJieM CH.ibHeftmm'i b ctoaiihc caMOAeHTeJibHuii npywoK CTyAeHTOB Ka3axcKoro HHcmyTa HapoAHoro ofi- pa30BaHHH c yiactHeM y«yp3aK0Ba h BaflupoBa. Ero Bbicrynnemie npo- H3B6A0 CHAbHoe BneaaTJieHHe Ha AMeraTOB. OAofipHTenbHoe otHouieHiio npeAcraBBTeneii napiHH h Bcex TpyAHiunxca pecnyfiAHKii k cncKTaKAW 6u- no BocnpHHHTO kbh BceiiapoAHoe Tpe6oBaHne — C03AaTb CBoii Hannoiia.ii.- huh reaip. K opraHH3aitHH nocjieAHero HapKOMnpoc h npHcrynHA Henocpe.i- CTBeHHO nooie npa3AH0BaHHH io6Haea pecnyCjiHKH. 22 OKrafipa 1925 roAa b HapKOMnpoce 6uao npoBeAeHO LUnpoKoe co- BemaHHe no Bonpocy o TeaTpe c yaacTHew AesTenefi nayKH h npocaeiue- hhb. CoBemaHHe HaMeTHJio npHninuiHajibiibie ycranoBKH no co3AaHHio ha- iwoHajibHoro xeaTpa. TorAa x e 6uah BUAeaeHu h nepBue cpeAdsa Ha ero opraHH3anHio: 40 thchm py&iefi7. Coo6pa3HO c H3.io*eHHUMH Ha co6paHHH npiiHUHnaMH Tpynna reaTp.i fiujia cocraBAena H3 yaacTHHKOB xyAoxecTBennoft caMOAeaTeabHOCTH h Macrepoa HapoAHoro TBopaecTBa, cofipanHux co BceS pecny&fiHKH. Cpe.i:i npHMameHHbix 6hjih ne TOJibKO HapoAKue komhkh, paccKa3HRKH h ocrpo- . cjiobu, opraHHaecxH 6nH3KHe ApaMaTHaecicoMy HcxycciBy, ho raioxe h neB- AH, H aKUHbi-HMnpoBH33Topu, h Aa*e CH/iaaH (CaayaHH), KOTopue naib- 13

TOTWnpHMMS B CUCHHKC- S ™ » m .. to = 3 ; “ \" . S S r f ™ “ ■ ^ \\ \" r := ^ Ps = )- Is s . £ = = 5 r id i= := 5 : cwm a Hapojuioro o6pa30BaHHH, ■■■■- -\"-•■•; - HCKOTOpytOK3BCCTilOCTb BCTOXHUe pecnv6.1IIXH. H i COCT.IIU K|>>>KK.I EaioSafi yMyp3axoB h KanaH Bajhipon — npomo boui.hi b miopiiBi <TPaho xapaxTepy CBoero AapoBaHHs sth aua apmcTa omciii. pa uH'iiiu: yMypaaKOB BOBceR CBOefi xyaowecTBeHHofl AenTejibiiocrii ou.i upcliKO cusi- 33H c iiapojjiuM TBop’iecTBOM, jjis Hero BUCTyn-ieime 11a cut-lie is komc- ahhhux po.iflx ais-ia.iocb icaK 6bi npoao.DKeiisicM 6biTOuoro ;i!in-fnm>iwiiia u toMopiicTHiccKHX buxoaok h uiyrox. BaAbipoB unepBbic conpiiwicny.il-* c sicKyccTBOM b uiKo-ibHoB xyAoweCTBeHiiofi caMoAeaTe.ibiiocTii 11. Kpuite jipaMaTHiecKoro cnexraxjBi, He 3hm Apyrax ipopM Bbiciyn-iemm. 3HaMHTe.ibiio TpyAHee oxa3aaocb npHBjeib Ta.iaHi.iiiiibix iicnaimiTe- •lefl H3 caMOAeaiejibHbix xpyixxoB apjthx ropOAOB, a jok/Kc npi’ACiamiTC- aefi HapoAHoro TBopiecTBa, paccenmibix no HeoCi>aTiioii CTonii. HapKounpoc cocraisH.i othcok H3 23 mcjtobck, yiacrae xoTopux n paCo- le rea-rpa Ouao jxe.iaTe.ibno. Ofliiaxo H3 hhx MeHbuie accsith Me-ioBex oto- 3Ba.iucb 11a tiparaameuHC. 3 to ofrbdCHaeTCa HCAOBepniBUM OTHOiuemiesi 1: BOBOii /bis Ka3axcraHa npoijsecara aicrepa. B uihpokhx siaccax ieaTp emc He no.ib30Ba.ica nonyaapiiocrbio. MHome npe3pHTejibiio CM0Tpe.ui iia ax- repa, xax Ha xca.nxoro K.ioyHa-6aaaraHtmiKa, HaAeaa.iH ero oGiiahum npo- 3BiiweM «Macxapa6a3». flpyrae cwnajiH axiepcTBO Hecepbe3HbiM 3aiismi- eM, Macro noAxoAHUWMA’ia B3pocJioro 'le-ioBexa. H3 iHCJia npiirjiaiueHKUx c nepuiJsepHH nepBUM 0T03Ba.ica Ha 30B HapxoMnpoca Cepxe KoaaMxy.iOB, paOoTaBUiHft b Ty nopy cvAefiiibiM e.ie- AOBareaeM b KycTaaae. Bc-iea 3aTeM b Tpynny TeaTpa 6wn samciieH KypMBHfiex )KaHAap6e- aaj,bHefiuKM cAenaaca oahhm hs ochobhux pyxoBOAimvieii Kasaxcroro TeaTpa onepu h 6aaeTa. C 1920 no 1925 toa KypMaH6ex v neAarorHiecKOMa HHcrmyre b Taaiimnxceirnrec h OAHOBDpewMeeHHHHOo nnpmlmiiMa.i

flesreJibHoe yqaCTHe b MecraoR xyAOHcecTBeHHofl caMOAeaTeiibHociH. Ciann o Hew, ra n o xopomeM neBue h AapoBHTOM Hcno-iHHTane ApaMaTHiecwix po- Aeft, aocrorjia K3feui;OpAbi. Ho caM KypMaii6eK He npnjaBa.i b ry nopy cepbe3Horo 3H3'ichhh cao- hm TeaTpaabHUM yBJie'ieHHHM. Okohtob BecHoft 1925 roaa TauiKciiTCKHH HHCTHTyT, oh HanpaBHACH b ropoA <I>pyH3e, b KHprH3Hio, HaMepeBaacb npo- flOJUKHTb TaM y>ie6y. B HapKOMnpoce Ka3axcTaHa b Ty nopy hhkto hc 3Ha.i, rae HaxoAHTCH )Kanaap6eKOB, a noroMv bu3ob eMy Qua onyGjmKOBaii b ra3eTax. KypMaH6eK oaeiib yAHBHAca, Koraa cexpeTapb <I>pyH3eHCKoro ofi- KOMa KOMCOMO.ia npHrjiacHJi ero k ce6e h nona3aA sto oGbtiBAeHHe. «Mho BOBce He xoTejiocb hath b aicrepu, — paccKa3UBaeT o cbohx nepeiKHiiami- ax >KaHaap6eKOB. — H Gohach, hto H3 TeaTpa Hunero He noAyimcH, 6y- JseT Bpofle caMoaeaTeJibiioro Kpyxxa, KOTOpbifl cxopo pacnafleTca. A ope- mh Ha o6pa30BaHHe h ynyiuy*. Ho cexpexapb oCkomo komcomoa.i y6eAH-i ero ywacTBOBaTb b cosashkh HanHOHajibHoro TeaTpa. H3 CewnnajiaTHHCKa b Tpynny TeaTpa 6buia npiiBJieieiia ueA.ia rpyn- na MacrepoB napoAHOro TsopiecTBa, 3aBoeBa&inux yxte ce6e H3B0CTHocTb BbicTynjieHHHMH Ha npa3AHHKax h apwapnax. Fpynna 3Ta 6buia neo-pan; b nee bxoahah neBeix AMpe Kainay6aeB, no3T-HMnpoBH3aTop Hca Banianon. komHK-paccKa3Mhk Ka.'mGeK KyauumnaeB h « a* e 6opeu cm m (6aayan) XaAJKHMyKaii MyHafiTnacoB. HanCoxiee apKofi (Jmrypofi cpeAH hhx 6but KaanSeK KyaHbiiunacB (ro.t poJKA- 1893). Oh npoBeJi aotctbo b OKpeCTHOcrax KapxapajiHHCKHX rop. n JKHBOnHCHOH MeCTHOCTH, TAe H3ABBHa 6UAH pacnpOCTpaHeHU Bee BHAbl 11.1- poAHoro TBopqecTBa, OTKyAa Burn.ia uejias iwieswa HapoaHux nesitoB. axu- HOB, CaTHpHKOB, OCTpOCAOBOB. Ot hhx KaAHGex nepeHHA mhoto necen h ncnoAHHA hx na npa3.inn- xax noA aKKownaHeMeHT caMOAeABHoft AO.wfipbi. Bbicryna.i oh h c iomoph- CTHieCKHMH paccKa3aMH. flpxHii, HCKpHiuHficH TaAaHT 6ypH0 pacABeTa.1 b stom HerpaMOTHoM ayAbHOM nacTyxe. Ho b ycAOBHHX uapcKoro pewniua, b toam HMnepuaAHc- Tii'iecKoft BOHHbi oh He Mor Haft™ ce6e npHMeHeHHH. B 1916 roAy Ka.nifieK nonaA b hhcao MoSHAHMBaHHbix Ha mnoBhie paCoTbi h 6ha ompaMeH Ha (fipoHT phiTb OKonbi. 1918—21 rOAbi oh npoBeA b OMexe, CHa'iaaa h3B03mh- kom, 3aTeM HepHopafioHHM Ha KoweBeimoM 3aBOAe. B 1923 roAY KaAnGex, nonaB xax crpoHieAbiibiii paGoinS na KyxHAHH- cnyio apMapxy, BCTpemAca c rpynnofi MatrrepoB HapOAHoro TBopaecTBa, co- GiipaBiunxcH BbicrynaTb na HpMapxe c AOMfipoft h necHefi, c KOMHHecxHMH H UHPKOBUMH HOMepaMH. KaAHGeX c6aH3HACH C 9THMH AlOJbMH H 3AeCb, Ha apMapoHHUX noAMOCTKax, cpeAH jkhboA, pa3HomepoHoft TOAnH HarneA, Ha- KOHeu, npHweneHHe CBoeMy TaAaHTy BeceAoro paccKa3iHKa-caTHpHxa. C 3thx nop HaiaACH aah KaAH6exa nepHOA GpOAHiefi WH3HH oopo- CAOBa-KOMHKa, 6e3 Koioporo He o6j2JilM£b .Hii OAHa apwapna, hh oahh

60J.bu.0H«T0fi» - npasflHHK B o&iacTH. MarepHa.i « n cbukx mcryiM* hh.'i OH 6pa.i H3 raaeT, caM cohhhhji paccKaabi Ha ocipbie CbiTOBWC tcmu. Oco6eHHUM ycnexoH nojib30BaJicfl ero paccK33 «Kb« >'3aTy» («llpouo.uJ aeayuiKH*), KOTopb.fi Ka;iH6eK KaK 6u pa3birpbma.i 11 amux, HaoOpii/KiiH ciapKKa-OTua, ctapyxy-MaTb, Heseery-aoMb, a thkwo ToaciiKa ii cuTkiky. 3piiTeaH noKaruBajiiicb co CMexy, cayman ero KpacoiHbie pnceKn uJ. Cnaim o neM pacnpocrpaHH.iacb ho Bceiay Kaaaxcraiiy. To.ibKo iipniiH .au- iibic k npouiaoMy CTapHKH Cu.m neaoBoabiiu ero arHTauiioii aa noniaii fiwr. Bupawan hx MHemie, KaKoii-To Myaaa 6pocna KaanGeKy vrpuiy: ‘ Koran Tbi H3aoxiiemb, Te6a 3apoioT 6e3 mojihtbu, kuk coOaK.v*. Ho ni'iiiiimni) BparoB ToabKo orreHsaa aio6oBb HapoaHoro 3pHTe.oi k raaaiiT.iimoMy ca- TaKHM H(c TaJiaHT.iHBbiM obi.i A.Mpe KauiavOaeii, iirn-u c aaMci.ire.ib- hhh roaocoM, nopaiKaBuiHfi 6orarcTBOM ottoiikoii 11 mjpiuiiTi'.iinionbio HcnojmeHHa. Caasa o kcm aoiuaa ao Mockbw, JIctosi 1925 roan. Koran CoBeiCKiiii C0103 peuiwa npmiarii yiaCTHc b 3Tllorpn(|ni'nrKiix inmiU'pT.ix Ha sicauyHapoaHofi BbicrauKe b riapHwe. » nporpauMy •mix KomiqiTOB Gua BK.iio.ieu ii Aiipe KaiuayGaeB. B cbhjii c stum i: CoMiiHa.i.mmcKiiii otaea mipoaHoro oGpaaoBamia Cbiaa nanpaBaeiia TiviorpasiMn in iionmri.io HapKona A. B. .lyuaiapcKoro: sCpoqHO npouiy iiuHCimi'b u eoui'miim,. roraaceu aa neBei; — KHpni3 Abipe KauiayGaeii... npinmti. viaeme n jt- iiorpaiJni'ieeKOM Koimepre Ha BccMitpuofi BbiciaBKe is llapiiwe iiiiii waomm onaaTU aoporn, coaepwaHHn h roHOpapa 3a BbiCTViiacumi*. K ona' or- aeT 3aaepwaaca, Gwaa nocaaHa Bropaa TeaerpajiMn. rioi'ienKnimimiiii S h*B°\"P0C ° Hauiux K0HI*ePTax b napiDKC UMocT icK'y.uiprnu'iiiii'n' -iiia- AMpe ot noeaAKH b ilapioK He 0TKa3aacn ii mvaeiwa i loeroiiH.-Tiin ^ “ CrWa 1,3 BCeMHpHOii BbICTaBKC. 0AHHH3AUaib pj|, C llVll ni. llHIJM “ ^ Ty,,aJ' nepefl naPH» CK°fl ayAHTopiieil si o r Kopeiiaena,i Mivr- iKHB“ MH 65eCTau>HM« waaaMH h raiocoM, p a w n r a i- g. , p0K‘’' KaK SecnpcAcabHaH i<a3axcKaa creiib\" s p S S S iP i noflb30BajiHcb orpoMHbiM ycnexoM “epTaX 6r° B0-1b\"bie HsinpoBiwauim P o i T c B Z Z T cZ Z T a 8 Ka3aXCK- ^TPC, K3K H BO 1V0X „ \" aBa TPyniibi, noSoabi^peaHrHH'T• \"P\" ^HPOBamm jkohckoio eo- ' S ^ a T B^ r z aHKi1 npen*,c,\"°Ba- U 4K.P-HPOB3HHB CaaronoaviHo npeojwne*

9Ty rpyAHOCTb. Hnea TeaTpa 6bMia HacranbKO nonyjiapna b pyKOBonmiun Kpyrax pecnyfijimw, mo b apaMKpywoK neaarorHaecKoro HHcntTym n m- pHOfl ero pa3BepTbiBaHna b npotpeccHOHajibHufi TeaTp oAHa 3a apyroii era- ;ih 3anHcbiBaTbca jkchu OTBeTCTBeHhux pafioTHHKOB pecnyfiaHKii. 3 to fiu.i CBoeo6pa3Hbiii bh3ob, OpouieHHbiii nepeAOBbiMK KpyraMH KaaaxCTaiu nope *HTKaM CTaporo CbiTa. OpraHH3aiui0HH0C oi)jopMAenne KOAAemHBa Haianocb u kohiic 1925 ro­ Aa. B fleKaOpe 1925 rofla b codaB TeaTpa Cham 3aiHc.ieHbi Cepm- Ku- *aMKyjiOB (raaBHbifl pewiiccep), EmoOaft y.Myp3aKOB, Kyp.MUH6eK >Kan- AapOeKOB, b naaaae 1926 roAa — Ka.mCeK KyaHbiiunaeB. B TeaeHHe nepBoro ce30Ha 1925/26 roaa aKTepCKHii cocraB TeaTpa .m- CTHra.’i 30 neAOBeK. Ho aah noe3AKH no pecnyS.mKe Taxaa Tpynnn k.h .i- -iach cahuikom 6oAbinoH, h nepeA acthhmh racTpoABMH b Mae’ 1926 roan ona fibina coKpaueHa nomn HanoAOBHHy: ao 16 neAOiieK. ITpn 3tom H3 MyjKCKoro cocraBa oeraBAeHbi 6hah b koaackthiic m .-iii- HblM o6pa30M Te apTHCTbf, KOTOpbie C OAHIiaKOBblM ycneXOM MOIVMI Bill' CTynaTb h b ApaMaTH'iecKHX cneKTamiax, h b KOHuepTax, lamiMaimnix n tc roAbi 3HaiHTe.TbHoe Mecro b penepryape TeaTpa, ocoGemio bo bpcmh no- c3aok no pecnyQjiHKe. Taxofi npHHUHn OTfiopa 6w i biio.iiic iipaBHAcri, no- cxojibKy b Te roAH yBaweHiie h jnoCoBb 3pnTeneft k amepy ycTanaii.'imia- AHCb B 3aBHCHM0CTH OT eTO 6A1I30CTH K liapOAHOMy TBOpHCCTBy. HanGonbineA nonyjiHpnocTbio y HaiiHOHaALHOro 3pnTensi naib-ioiia.iiics AMpe h Hca, yqacTHe KOTopux b xoHuepTe neH3MeHHo npHB.ieKa.io uni- poKoro 3pHTensi. H3 ApaMaTH'iecKHx aKTepoB BCerAa HMe.iH ycnex yMypan- kob h >KaH;iap6eKOB, oiiarb-TaKH CnaroAapH hx neB’iecKiiM cnocoGnocTHxt. 3aBoeBanH ceGe H3BecTH0CTb KoxcaMKyAOB h KyanbiuinacB KaK HapoAiiue KOMHKH. H HaoSopoT, BaAbipos, coBceM He yiacTBOBaBUiHil b KOHuepnibix nu- crynAeHHHx, 6bu\\ Ma.io H3BecreH 3pnTe.iHM. B pe3>vibTaTe 3Toro, Kor.ia TeaTp coxpamaA CBofi cocrae nepeA AeTHefl noe3AKOft 1926 rOAa, b •mole OTCeHHHHX 0K333ACH H BaAblpOB. riocAe OTCCBa b coeraBe Tpynna ocTa.iocb 6 apracTOB nepsoro no- AoweHHH: CepKe KojKaMKy.ioB, E-noGaii yMyp3aKOB, Ka.nifieK KyaHbim- naeB, KypMaHGex JKaHAapGexoB, AMpe KamayGaeii, Hca Baii3aKOB. Ha 3T0ro crrncKa bhaho, mo MywcKOH cocTas KOAAeKTima cpa3y on- peAeAHAca, rpynna amepoB, npHnieAurax b TeaTp b momcht ocitoBamm. craaa BeAymcfl Ha GAHwafiuiHe ce30HH ero paCoTbi. HaoGopoT, Bonpoc c xeHCKHM cocraBOM Bee ewe He Gha pa3pemeH. riepBue aKTpacbi — H3 ihcas *eH OTBeTCTBeHHbix pa60THHK0B— npo- BeAH cneKTaKAH nepsoro ce30Ha, ho OTKa3aAHCb exaTb b racTpoAbHyio no- e3AKy no pecnyGAHKe, He cornawaHCb Ha AJimeAbHyio pa3,ivKy c cesibeii. GOHCb TpyAHOCTH nepcABHAieHHH no GecKOHeHHOH CTenn, H3 ayjia b ayA. Ha hx MecTO TeaTp npnrAacHA AByx-Tpex cTyAeHTOK in CoBnapT-

6hlB3HHe B KOJIJieKTHBe WHJIOCb TOJIbKO HO Ote , A “ % e; , nTnvjIHKTeJIbHOrO nOJIOWeilMB C WeHCKHM COCT3BOM HWIJICKTIiB a f S S S » AH mro ” \"f\" , rs ^ “ ” c, \" “ r ” o™pf.™o.^“ i «— • ;r . s r r « ; r »»»» * eHBUl1927—28 roaax b cocibbc KWiaeKTHBa Ou.ni: UlapOany BaibaKraa, 3yrpa AxaOaeBa (>KaHflap6eKOBa), OpaaKe KauiayOacua. Xaamna No- xaMKyaoBa, 3afiHerynb y Myp3aKO»a, >Kan6m<e IUaiimia, 4>aTuxa Auikccbb (*eHa aKTepa h a/iMHimcTpaTopa TeaTpa — Jlaiuna AniKcoua). CpeHH hhx iianOo-iee nuae.iB.TOCb caeHHiecKHM aaposaHHOM AraOaciia, Baftaa- Koua h AuiKeeaa. 3yrpa Aia6aeBa — apractKa flpaManwecKoro miana ~ nrpa ho poau raaBHux repoirab. OHa aento BXoaiuia b cymecrao p a . . Ka.iacb oGcToirre-ibCTBaMH ntecu, Haxojuuia HysKiibie w a oOpaaa ncpcwH UIap6aHy Ba03aKoca oCaana-ia eme 6oaee rayOoKHM npanaTii>iecKHM TaaaiiTOM, cuemiiecKHM oOatwiieM h TeMnepaMeiiTOM, KOTopuii npopuna.i- ca b aMopHoiiajibHbix cuenax 11 3axBaTUBaa 3pKTeaa. B nptmiBonoJioHCHOcTb hm OaTHxa AuuceeBa Oujia xapaKTcpiioii aicr- piicoii. Bvayqii HecKO-ibKO CTaprne ocrajibHux, OHa nrpaaa o6u'ino p a w CTapyx, waTepefi, cTapnmx weH b ceMbe, npexpacHO nepeaaBaaa iix xia- Hepu. IlecTpoTa xyaoiKecTBeHHux npo$iuieft b Tpynne nopowaa.ia cjiojkhvio npofiaeMy: nan we o&beaHHHTb b oahom BHCiynaeiWH cToab paaiioxapaK- xepHux apracTOB? CaMH opraiiH3aTopu TeaTpa hc motah aaTb otbctd na ST^ J ,onpoc- BflHHCTBeiiHO, <rro ohb npeaaaraiiH, — sto MepefloBamie n pafcTe TeaTpa pa3.m™ux bhaob BUciynaeBaS: oahh neiep ciaBHTb apa- MaTHiecKHfl cneKTaxab, apyroft — npoBoaaTb copeBHOBaiiHC anbiHOB nan — e 6opuoB, aaBaTb nporpaMMy My3UKH h necHH HaH axpoOaTiiqe- rio TaxoB HMeHHo aHHHH — qepeaoBaHHa k oann Beqep cnenraxaeS h KOHaepxoB— m 3axcxoro TeaTpa.

cneicramieM. A HapKOMnpoc, b kotopom b Te roau He Onao .nojeii, no- HHMaBiuiix 3ajaiH h Hywflbi HaiwoHa^bHoro Teatpa, He cqe.i nywHUM 0praHH3OBaTb CTyAHHHyio yqeOy aah moaoaux aKTepoB hjih xoth On npHiviacHTb hm b iiOMouib KBa.iiKpHixHpoBanHoro pewHccepa, cnocoOworo nepejUTb onbir pyccxoro coBercKoro teaipa. PewHccepaMH TeaTpa 6u.ni na3HaqeHH CepKe KowamcyAOB h KypMaH6eK XaHAapOeKou, Ta.iaiiT.ni- Bbie aKTepu, KOTopue caMH He hmcah TeaTpaabHoro o0pa3ouaiiHti 11 nu- AaanjiHCb cpeiw apyrnx xcuibKo HeaojirHM oiiutom paOoTu 11 caMoaea- TeabHbix ApaMaTH'tecKHx KpywKax. 3 toto, KOHeqHo, baa pyKOuo.ieTna to- aipoM Obwo coBepuieHHo HeaocTaToiHO. CjtaOocTb Taxoro pyKOBOACTBa Opocaaacb b r.ia3a KawaoMy, xoti. neMHoro noHHMaBuieMy TeaTpaabHoe HCKyccTBO. B anpejie 1926 ro/ia non- poc o coctohhhh HauHOHa.ibHoro Teaipa 6hui paccMOTpeH na ccmemaiiim B MeCTHOM OTACJieHHH COH)3a PaOHC. PaOoTHHKH HCKyCCTBa OTMeTII.111 pH.t ouihOok, AonymeHHbix HapKOMnpocoM npn (popMHpOBaHini Tpynnu. a r.iaBHoe — «CAa6oerb pewHccepcxofl BepxyuiKH» TeaTpa. Oim iiacTaima- jih Ha npHBJieiCHHH onuTHbix pyKOBOflHTeaefi H3 pyccxoro iiah TaTapcKo- ro TeaTpa. OAHaxo npHcyrcTBOBaBiiiHii Ha 3aceAaHHH npeAcraBiiTivib Map- Ko.wnpoca lie npHHsiA stoto TpeOoBaHHH. BHOBb CljlOpMHpOBaHHblil Ka3aXCKIlft HailHOHaAbHhlii TeaTp OTKpbl.lCH 13 aHBapa 1926 roAa- B aeHb otkputhh mea ApaManmecKHii cneKTaicib, a 3aTeM KonuepT, Ha kotopom HMnpoBH3HpoBaa cthxh Hca BafwaKOB, mii- Taa KOMHnecKHe paccna3u KaAiiSex KyaHbminaeB, nean Ampo Kamay- Oaes, EAraOaii YMypsaKOB, KypMaHOeK XaiiAapCexOB, KawAbiii — ncctm CBoero poAHoro xpaa. TeaTp b nepBOM ce30He oieHb nanoMmia.i caMoaesrre.'ibHbm xpywoK. CneicraKAH ui.ih He KawAufi Beiep, a Bcero OAHH-Asa pa3a b neac.no. CbirpaHHufi cneKTawib oOuhho tjt we CHHMa.ica c penepTyapa, imoraa noBTopHACH, ho He CoAbuie AByx pa3: Ha OoAbuiee He xBaTa.io 3p111e.n1. ToTOBHACfl cneicraKAb TpH-Herupe ahh, b Ay'ifueM c.iyqae — iieAe.no. EABa BbiyHHB pOAh H 3HI10MHHB MH3aHCUeHH, aKTep ywe CHIITa.1 ce6H ro- TOBblM K BhICiyilAeHHIO. B nepBbift ce30H, aahbuih0csi qeTbipe iiecima (ao Haia.ia Mas), Te­ aTp HrpaA aah nyOAHKH Bcero 20 BeiepoB, ho ycneA noKa3aTb 12 hobux nocTaHOBOK. Taxaa we neperpy3na penepryapa hobumh nocraHOBKaMM npOAOAwaAacb h b CAeayiouiHe ce30Hbi: 3a TpH roAa npeObmaHHH b K3n.i - OpAe, ao AeTa 1928 roAa, TeaTp nocTaBHA Bcero 50 nbec, OAHoaKTHux ii MHOTOaiCTHUX. PecnyOAHKa, b Te roAhi BOCCTaHaB.iHBaBiiiafi csoe xo3nficTBO noe.ie rpawAaHCKofl boShh, He MorAa BbiaeAsiTb mhoto cpeACTB Ha Ky.ibTypHbie HyWAbl H HOAllOCTblO OOeCneHHTb TOAbKO HTO C03AaHHbIH TeaTp HOpMa-lb- hhmh ycAOBHHMH paOoTbi. HrpaA TeaTp b noMeuieHHH MecTHoro khho c apHTejibHUH 3aA0M Ha 320 MecT. CneKTaKAH HauHOHa.ibHOH Tpynnhi qo-

ro cneKraKM. n.ioxo oOopyflo tomi.iHCb Toabxo no bc- .iiiineHHue saeMeHrapHUX yw>6cTB liew yrpemiHX peneiHUHHX ” ■*asssuijio b cSopHux aexopauHHX, noAOfipaHHbix hj naan iho pPr \" ’\" E 'i U c n m.xmoa n » « m ■»«“ »« »” ” P“ : cloBnaim>oro HBa x«o«j»ictcKspauamarixpau, mn3ooc6bpawe“aBiu»er»o ™CTenb hjih\"Jrop*u“. y»C\"TpSon- CTBO lopr (feuo Hecaowiio: no.iyKpyr.iaa nmpMa, pa3pHComnm.ia k.ik CTCHa lODTH, BBepxy — BHKpOeHlIblH TpeVrOJlbHHKOM KVCOK XO-lCTfl, 33MC- HHBumfi CBoaaaTbifi noToaox. PaSoHHx cueHbi h npoiero oOcnywHBaiomero nepcoiia.ia b TcaTpe uc Ctuio. AmepaM npaxoaiinocb caMBM 3a6oTHTbca o MOHTiipono>moii cropo- lie cnexraxasi. Ohii yciaiiaB.TOBa.lH aCKopamiii, roTOBiiaii peKBH3HT, oO- CTaBJimiH cneHy. Bonpoc o pcKBH3iiTc pa3pcuia.ica iiphhhthbho*. tcdtp nacTbio aaKynn.i, ’lacrbio co6pa.i cpeaH cbohx apy3eii — amieaeS K3uji-0pau — iivwhoc xo- .iotcctbo upeaMCTOR xasaxcKoro AOM.iumero oGiixoaa: xonpu, ofleaaa, no- ayniKH, cynayxH h npoiyio aoMauiHioio yniapb, k sthmh npeaMeTaMM o6ctuu- jiaa cnexraxjiH H3 HamioiiaaiiHoi’i >kii3HH. Tax ate pa3peuiaaca h Bonpoc o KocrioMax. TeaTp aocTaa noaaiiHHo dapHHiibie uapoaHue xocrioMbr, xa.iara. uiaabBapu, pa3JiHmibix noKpoeii uianKH. Koropue h iicno.iKiona.1 bo Bcex nocTaHOBKax. XaaaTon b nep- Bbie rojbi 6u.io Ma.io. Koraa arnepy no xoav aeflcTBHH npiixoaHJiocb Me- HflTb koctiom, oh ncnpocTy BbiBopammaa cbo0 xaaaT HaH3iiaHKy. Eme xyate oCctomo ae.io c oGycbio. B nepBOM ce30He Ha Becb ko.i - .leKTHB HMeaoeb BieCTb nap canor, h axTepbi Haaeea.iH hx no oicpeaH. rio- Ka oftim Hrpaa Ha cneHc, apyrofi 3a Ky.iHcaMH npnraji 6ochkom no xo.ioa- hom>' noay, oatHaaa, xoraa ocBoCoamca canorH. Hcno.iHiiTe.iH BTOpocTe- neHHux poaeii BMecro canor iia™nma.in Ha hoth KaKyio-TO Heyxaiowyio OyTaqiopcKyio o6yBb, KOTopyio iia cnene CTapa.niCb capbiTb or 3pHTe.m, noaiKHMaa noa ce6a hoth. B rpHMHpoBxe cxa3biuajiacb HeOnurnocTb axrepoB. Toabxo HCMHome yueaH npaBaonoao6Ho 3arpnMHpoBaTbCH. o 5? 6HJ,e™ ®UJ,H ycraHoiwieHU cxpoMHbie: ot 50 xoneex ao peaxo BHae.i nKoOmn“inKe' cCopBnc.e B,* enepHBeO5MMbucJeO30fiHe3acjplenHHaieiHe OKHoa.i.Hib>HieocTroBOT3epa«Ttpea-

‘Jieft na cneKTawib GfawioMeHbtue 100 leaoBeK, b TpeTbeM ce30He 1927/28 r»- M — npHMspHo 150 nenoBeK. Hawe «npeMbepu» He Bcer.ua flenajm no.i Hufi c6op, oco6eiiHO ecaii vJmiiiAHH aBTopa nbecu Guna HeH3BcctHa :ipn FlpaKTiiKa noKa3biBaeT, hto pa3BHTae MoJioaoro, HeaaBiio cosaaiiHo r o HauHOHajibHoro Teatpa bo3mojkho -rojibKo Ha ocHooe ceoeft, iiamto HaabHofl npaMaTyprHH, OToSpawaiouieH *H3Hb cBoero Hapoaa h THnHMiim- juih Hero o6pa3U. 3pHTeab, lie npHBUKuiHfl eme k hobom a m Hero (jiopMe cucHHiecKoro HCKyccTBa, c TpyaoM BocnpHHHMaer nbecu. aa.ieKHe e»iy no coaepwamiKi HaoGopoT, KapTHHbi poaiiofl. 3naKOMOii JKH3HH, Bonjiomemibic Ha cueiic npOH3BoaaT Ha HeacKyuieHHoro 3pHTean orpoMHoe Bne'iaTjicHHC, poxuaio- yKHBeiilHHH OTK.-IMK, 3aCTaBAHI0T 33flVMaTbCa Haa nOflimTNMIl B CIICKT3K.lv BonpocaMH. Ka3axcKHH reaip na nepBOM stane pa3BHTHH cocraBaaa cnoii pcnep- Tyap noHTH HCK/no'iwTeabHO H3 nbec Ka3axcKofi * h3hh. ycnexn Tcaipa h ■caMO cymecTBOBaHHe ero uejiHKOM 3aBHC0JiH ot pocia HauHOHa.ibHofi ,tpa- Ka3axcKaa apaMaiypraa, 3ap0flHBmaflca He3ajairo no Bc.ihkoi'i Ok TaOpbCKofl peoo.nou.hh, Gucipo pa3BHBaaacb b nepBue roAbi coBeTCKoii iwia- cth, poc.na HapHjiy c xy/WHcecrBeHHoii caMOflcaTejibiiocTbio, co3AaBajta nbecu COo0pa3HO C COTpeGoBaHHHMH. K MOMeHTy co3jxaHna npoipeccHOHaabHoro rocyaapcTBeHHoro rcaTpa ApaMaTyprHH Moraa noxBa.iHTbca yate nexoTopuMH aocthjk6hhhmh: xa- aaxcKHMH ApaMaTypraMH HanHcano Ghjio necKaibKo acchtkob nbcc h npii- Mepiio jec»Tb nbec 6u;io HaneiaTaHo b TauiKeHTe, Open6ypre, Ce\\mna- •laTHHcxe. TeMaTHKa nbec oGhbho onpeaejiioiacb TeMH HHTepecaMH, kotopumh homo b Ty nopy Ka3axcxoe oGwecrao. Abtoph CTpeMWincb BHecrn cboio acmio yiac- thh b pa3peiueHHe BonpocoB GuTa h MopaJiH, BCTaBuinx no-HOBOMy b cb«3ii c noGeaofi coBercKofi BJiacra. flaw e H3o6pawasi xapTHHu npouuioro, Apaxia- Typrn BbicKa3hiBa.iH cBoe oTHouieHHe k coBpeMeHHOCTH. Ochobhoh Te.Mofl Go.ibUJHHCTBa 9THX nbec Guna GopbGa MMKay HapoiK- aarouiHMCH hobmm Gutom h nepewHixaMH craporo, KOTopaa b Te toau Kpenxo BOfliioBaaa KaaaxcKoe oGmecTBo. Bo Bcex pecnyGAHKax CpeAHefi A3hh oco6eHHO oeTpo ctos.i Bonpoc o pacKpenomeHHH wemnjiHbi, npaBa KOTopoft Guam nonpanu b crapofi mv- cy.ibMaHCKofi ceMbe. B apaMaTypnra HapoaoB CpeAHefi A3hh, b tom hhcac h Ka3axcKofi, oAHa 3a apyrofi noHB.in.HHCb Ha cbct nbecu, pHcyromne yrHe TeHHoe noaoJKeHHe wchiuhhu b o6iuecTBp h ceMbe. npoaawy AeByuiKH 3a Ka.ibiM, pa3JiyKy c .hoGhmum, ABoeweHCTBO, Bpaway weH « p* jv co6ofi. K

TPM0S nPHHVMTWibHoro fipaxa HHTepecoiiajim-b 11c tmbko b Cpcwiefi Asm: c Hce iiaqHHa.nn Muorae 6jiii3Kiie Hapoay ;ipaM8Typni, BCnOMHHMXOTH£>UOCTPOBCKOrO, MOHbcpa, r0.1bfl0HH. Macro 3aTparHBajiH aBropu Bonpocu npocBemeroiH, pacKpuBami nbecax CBerioe crpeM.-ieHHOMonoAewH k Hayae n 3Hamiio, KpimiKOBami CTa- Pyl° E mmho,10Tarae^nbecu, pa3o0jiaqaBmnc paimnioaiibic npeapaccyj- kk i! uyjuiy c ero cpaabimiBOH cBarocrbio, nbecu, iianpaiwcmiuc nponiB caficKoro 3acn.iHH h H3fleBaTeJlbCTBa n a j GemiaKOM. H3o6pa*aa nponuioe Ka3axcraiia, ApaMaTyprii ocoGemio oxoTitn oeta- iiaruHBaaHcb Ha coGuthhx napofliioro BocciaiiHii 1916 roan ir rpnw;iiiiicKoii BofiHbi, emc cBewHX b naimra HapoAa 11 noTOMy iicioucmio H03Gy)KnaB- lirax HiHBOft OTKJ1HKB3pHTeAbHOM33.10. B K3bUIOpAHHCKHa nepHOA pa3BHTHH 3HaHHTMbI10C MCCTO [i pdl.-pTVape TeaTpa 3aHHMajin nbecu Myxiapa Ays30Ba, KOTopuii c'iiit(ictch no iipnnv o,V HHMH3 OCHOBOnCWIOJKHHKOBKa3axCKOfl HaUHOHaAbHOii npaMaTypnm. Ay330B (toa possa. 1897) naiymw peAKoe u to upcMii ;mh khi.txob o6pa30Bai.'He: okoiwha (biuoaorHqecKHii ^aKyAbteT Jleiiimrpa.icKoro yim- BepciiTCTa, 33tcm — acnHpamypy npii TamiteiiTCKOM yiniBcpcmcTo. Euie b npeApesoAioaiiomibie roAU Haqan on JiirrcpaTypiiyio .icin.vib- HocTb, a b 1917 roAy HanHcan cbohj nepByio nbccy «Eii.iiik — KcGok*. lia- npaBAeiiHVio nponiB (peoAanbHoro oCinecTBa. Tibeca 3Ta nnepBue Guna pa3birpana b tom jkc rony n iopTC, a aaTcM niHpoxo Hcnojib30BaHa .'noGHTwibCKiiMii ApaMaTiinecKHMii KpyHiKa.Mii Ka- 3axcrana. C ee nocraHOBKH (paKTiiqecKH n naqa.iacb ACHTC.ibMOCTb rocv.iap- cKtpBueTHlInHo)r.o npmpecciiOHaJibHoro TeaTpa (paiibiue ero oibmuia.ibiioro ot- _ J a AMbiieflineM AysaOB ctoha Gjiiisko k TeaTpy. Aaija.i omv cu.m mecu, HeKcnopoe speMH 3aBeAOna.i b He.M .iHTepaTypHoii nacrbio Ero f a ™ *“ Be Ha 3a'la w Tearpa-abHoroucKycCTaa B Ka aKTCpaMH' yKasaHns no pa6ore n a j oGpaaoM, naKoiieii. PaaBHTHe ™Tea-T^pUa-H. eca na cueHe' 0Ka3ajIH orpoMHoe BA.IHH.ie IIa\" T-»B.o..p..q.e..c.K. oe ;b CIpOfiHOCTblOApaMaiypTrOaHnOrCeTxpoACeHrHHn,beOcTuMeMWIyHxBiOaCpTablOA0yGsapoa3a0aBb, uTaecxamhi-. TTOnBniHMBCB(-'xoponio' on^^f^HBmHM^^^THnuhhmmu^*P^2 .•>« c cro 0T- raaBHUM o6pa3OM.is GaficKoS cpeAuT™ ^ nPeAClaB\"TMHMn ca.iHcb HOBofi coBPTrvnfl O <PeOAajibHOH BepxyuiKii, 11 He xa- ITOH H KpHTHKy $eOAaHH3Ma, HO HOPoT hT ht Br™ HeCj\" ' BPorpCCCHBHbie UHoiiaaHCTHqecKHe oueHKH n po^oro n o 3Tn«l ^ rPe‘lajI«c'> 6yp*ya3HO-Ha- sa 3aqacryio 8036vkm™ nocTaiiOBKH nbec Avsto. noABepraancb cyiaecrBeHHoiUepeAejiKe. Pe3Kyi° KpHTHK>- 11 \"eoAHOKpaTHO

B nepBHfi, K3twiopflHHCKvm nepaoa cymecrBOBaiiHH Teatpa 6u.io no- ctaBaeno h necxoabKO nbec apyrax aoTopoB, HaiaBmHX ^mepaTypHyio ae- sTenbiiocTb eme ao peBoaiouaH. Ho (ScuibniHHCTBo bthx aBTopoB npmina.v *aao k HHCJiy 6ypncya3Hbix HaimoHaaacTOB, nuTaBUiHXca npeBpamb cue- Hy b pynop aHtHcoBeTcxofl nponaraHau. B cbohx nbeeax oiih b apxiix, y«- -TCKaTejibHbix xpacxax pacoBaaa npouiaoe Ka3axcKoro Hapoaa, OKyruiia.iii poMaHTHaecKofi flbiMKofi crapuB aya, awaaTeabHO 3aTyiueBHBa.iH cro mi- Hbie CTopoHbi, HenpaBHabHo ofipHcoBuaaaH othoiughha Mejxay KaaaxcKiiv h pyccKHM HapOflOM. n o Mepe o6mero p o m cobgickoh xyabTypu h noaBTHiecxoro cosun- hhh Ka3axcKofi ofimecTBeHHOcTH niHpaaacb oopbfia nporoB iiauuoHaaHCTii- iecKHx H3BpameHHfl b apaMaTypraa. nocieneimo noao6mjc nbecu 6uan H3rHanw H3 penepTyapa' teaTpa. Ha cMeHy hm na cueay npHuuia nbeebi moaoaux aBiopoe, npeacraBii- Teaea hoboh coBeTCKoft HHTeaanreaiWH. B 6ivibiBBHCTBe aBTopaMH nbec 6uaa yaareaa, aeaaBiro okohmhbuiik' neaaroraaecKyio uiKony, noanue cun a jxeaaHHH noMOib pociy pacmiera- lomero HanHonaabHoro TeaTpa: yMap6eK ycnaaoB, Epwaa Epaanaea, Ka- jkhm BacHMOB, XyMaSaB 3a6aeB, PaxMeracaa ManaSaeB. flaaa Teatpy HecKoabKO nbec Taxixe nacaTeaa a nom i Acxap Toxsia- raM6eT0B, JKHeHraaa Taen6epreaoB, Taap >l(apoKOB, ToabKo iianaiiaiiiuin.' b Ty nopy cboio aatepatypHyio aeateabaoetb. C xyAOJKecTBeHBofl tomkh 3peaaa nbecu HamiHa»mnx aBtopoa H3 epeau Moaoaoft coBeTCKoft BHTeaaareauHH Sujih aoBoabiio caa6u. Ho HueHKo omii npoxaaauBaaa aaabBeauiHfi nyTb TeaTpa, nocxoabxy oTofipaxaaa coacTCxyio jKH3iib, HaMeaaaH noaxoa k hobum o6pa3aM a TanaM coaeiCKofl aeficTBHteab- hocth, 3a KOTopuMa 6uao Syaymee. R n xe K-H3o6pa»ceHBio * h3hh m p o ro ayaa Moaoaue apaMarypra noa- xoah.ih c hhux no3BHHH, qeM npeACiaBHTeaa CTapmero noxoaeHKa: oiih BUHBaaati KaaccoBoe paccaoeHHe CTaporo ayaa a ocaoBHOe BHHMaiwe ofi- paniaaH aa o6pa3u GeaHHKOB aaa SatpaKOB, aatepecu xoTopux nponiBO- noaoJKHU CTpeMaeHaaM ayabHoft BepxyuiKH. HapxoMnpoc, co CBoefi cropoHU, crpeMaaca aKTHBH3apoBaTb pa3oiinie aaiwoHaabHoii apaMaTypraa. Tax, HanpBMep, onKOBpeMeimo c opraimia- uaefl TeaTpa 3hmob 1925/26 roaa HapxoMnpoc npoBea xoaxype Ha aya- uiyx) nbecy aaa Teaipa. KoHxypc B036yaaa 3HaiBTeabHUfl aaTepec b epe- ae pafioTHHXOB xyabTypu, aa aero 0T03Baaacb Maorae aBTopu. Bbiao npea- cTaBaeHo 42 nbecu, H3 hhx Hecxoabxo yaaaiiux, xoiopue c ycnexoM npo- rnaH Ha cuewe TeaTpa. H3 npeuapoBaHnux aa KOHxypce npoB3BeaeHaa HaHfonbuiHH anrcpec aaa teaipa npeactaBaaa «3apaux» yMHpfiexa ycnaHOBa h EceiiwaHa

v .a _ oniia 113 nepBUX nbec, pncoBaBiuHx wioiib Ka3axcrana n co- S m' bPcm«. n ncpnoA oKOHianHH rpaamaHCKoii boBhh. Boaliiihhctbo nbec, co3.iaHiiux b re roau KaaaxcKOfi ApaMarypriicii. Toraa we noaBiiaoeb Ha cucHe nauHOHaabHoro pecny&iHKancKoro TraTpa. n» jaao BO3M0WiiocTb TeaTpy onnoTiiyio nanofini k uonpocaM coiipoMoiiin ith. BOAIIOBaBlUHM Ka3aXCKVIO 06meCTB0HH0CTb. B03HHKiiyB k3k HBJieHiie 110B0H coBCTCKQii Ky.ii.Typu. Kaaaxi Kilii «n- UHonajibiiuH TeaTp c nepBUX awefi cymecrBoBaHiiH cipi'Miiani iiiiamhiimii. coaepwaHHe caoefl pa6oTU aicryaabiibiM 3aAauaM CopbOu :ia sty K\\.n.ryp>. oa iioByio cTpoimiyiocH WB3Hb, nporaB nepewiiTKOB <|ioiyia.'inilia. OcoSeHHO oxotiio BKAionaJi on b pencpTyap ni.cci>i, Hilli|>:ii».i«-iiiii4v in 0opb6y 3a HObbifi 6ut, 3a pacKpciiomeKne wchiiuiiim. :ia cc lipaiai. Jlaiioo- ;iee spxo Ha AamiOM STane Te.na 3Ta ObiJin pacxpuTa ii in.ccax Myxiapa Ayssosa eBafifimue—TOKaa* it «Ehahk—Kv6vk». CypoBoe paaoCaaiemie craporo Ouia aano TcaTpo.ii h niH'iaiioiiKc nbecbi Myxiapa AysaoBa «BaiiGHine—TOKaa> («CrapiuaH ii si.ia;ii»an wo- na»)“. B hch npKO o6pncoBana oAiia H3 cauwx MpaniUN eTopmi crapoui pyabHoro 6biTa — MiiorowencTno b Ciaiicxoii combo, ckaokii ii pa.iAopu sic- way ABVMHJKCHa.llII Ii HXAOTbMH. TeMV paCKphlDUCT C3M0 IIJKlIlIKIIlf HM'l'I.i: crapuiaa wena b MaroMCTancKoii ceMbe Ha3bmaaacb noMTinc.ii.no «.»aiil>n- him, rocnowa, mamas -- HacMCUi.iHBo «TOKaa», to ccti, «6o::poian'. 3II3KTOTO, MTOOHa lie HMeila B CeMbe paBHblX llpaB C Ili pilOM JKOIIIlii. ribeca liamicana b pea.iHciii'iccKOM naaue HecoMiioimo iioa iuiihiiiioh A. H. OcTpoBCKoro, tbopmoctbom Koroporo Aysaou b ty nopv yc.icku.iCR. 06pa3u oiep'ieiibi hPko h mctko. CneKTaioib noKa3uaaa combio craporo 6aa EcciiAbiKa ywc noc.ic cxiep- tii 6a86»uic. Teneph b aone raaBeiicrBveT TOKaa. Ona npinocHHCT actch OaRomne, cfama ToaeywaHa h aomb AaMem, ctpomhtcb yCpaib nx c ciiooro nyro, >ito6u see irnymecTBo oma AOCTaaocb ee Cbmy KvaTwaiiv. « *K®'< Panbuic wenu aaAiian MewAy cofioii, iibcca lie roiiopin. M ojkot ouTb, oaiioiiuie b Teiemie miiothx aei yrneTaaa TOKaa. iiaacBaaacb Ha i \"oh, h y TOKaa iiaKoimaacb nciiaBiicTb k ^auem, j-roro hhmcto mu ho inn *OJ“KOellillllUHHHTHbaMTIl\"l,“Xa;aPaH.nToOHTOKh.MhpyBa, 3pm6atJloKipAa6OnaBiina6abmiieuHCeeYii.h-onto0m3Tya0,.MBVometMroAUa6uHOaBnpXa0wTAIIiM'Kiocof.i.e..i.m...o. KoH^KTnepcpacraer h3 ccSrtnoro bmJ k^ o^ P \"N CTapaH\"RM MR Cepxe KojKaMKyaoBa: c‘

itoroHe 3a HawHBofi, jiobko cnpuBaiouinH cboh nopoKH non HanycKHUMii MflrKocTbio h panyuraeM. rioAaep>KHBaa na.MepeHnn TOKaa, BHftceMfiH npc- caeflyer cboh jim nae uenn. Oh caM HepaBHoaymeH k Monoaoit wciiiumi.- h noab3yeTCH ee pacnoaoweHHeM. Kpowe toto, oh paccqHTHBaer 3ano.1v- BHTb KOe-HTO H3 6oraTCTB EceHAbiKa. B cbo6m crpeMaeHHH co3aaTb opKHfi o6pa3 Cepxe, ojiHaKO, He coGaio- Jiafl Mepu. Oh nepeurpuBan, «floiiycKan ahiiwho ABiiweHHH, He npeayc- MOTpeHHblC nbecofl*. K.1K BUpa3ii.1Cil pe.HCH3CHT. Uas,iem jiio6ht Ta3H3a, o6pa30BaiiHoro lotiouiy, xopouio BaancioHiero pyccKHM H3UK0M. Ho TOKaji h BhhccmGh co6npaioTCH BbiaaTb aesyuiKy ,ia CBoero poflCTBeHHHKa, npnaypKOBaToro AkiaHGaa. rlpoTHBOnoCTaBJlCHHCM 3THX flByX JKeHHXOB aBTOp 3a0CTpaa HaCHHblH CMbica nbecbi. I a3ns hbjwjich ochobhum noaojKHTeabiibiM ahuou b ciick- raiuie, HOCHTeaeM toto «npocBemeHHa», b kotopom an6epaab><aa hutcjuiii- remuiH BHaeaa cnacenne ot Bcex 30a craporo MHpa. AinaHSaii, iiaoGopur, Gbia oaHueTBOpeHHeM Bcero TeMHoro h GoabHoro b crapoM Gbrry. EatoGafi yMyp3aKOB npnaaa o6pa3y AMaHGaa carnpHaecayio octpotv: oh 6e3o6pa3eH h npoTHBeH; Ha roaoBe y Hero napuia, y Hero Bceraa pacre- paHHbiH BHa, HepeuiHTeabHbie, Enable aBHweHHa; BCTpenascb c aeByuiKoii. oh Tan TepaeTcn, q-ro He mojkct CK33aTb hh caosa. MtoGu H3GaBHTbca ot npecaeaoBaHHft TOKaa, Toaeywaa h ZlaMow yfie- raiOT H3 poaHTeabCKoro ao»ia b apyroft aya, k cBoeMy aaac AGanabao. OaHano pacnpa Ha stom He 3aKaHqHBaerca, TaK ksk He peuiea Bonpoc o pa3aeae otoobckoto HacaeacTBa. ToaeywaH nuTaeica ch.ioh orcxoaTb -cboh npaBa: oh yroHaeT raGynu CBoero orua b nopaaKe «6apbiMTu». KyaT- waH nycKaerca b noroHio 3a crapuiHM GpaTOM h b 3aBa3aBuieAca cxbutkc cMepreabHo paHHT era. Oieu norpaceH rH6eabio cbma h no npocbGe >mii- paiomero aae r coraacHe Ha Gpau Rauern c Ta3H30M. AicraBHaa cuena nov- anHKa aaaa B03M0*H0crb noKa3a-n> cboh amepcKHe aapoBamta KypuaiiGe ay JKaHaapGeKOBy h KanaHy EaaupoBy, HrpaeiunM poaH aeyx 6paTbCB — ToaeywaHa h KyaTwaHa. Pncya crapbifl 6 u r b MpaqHbix, apaMaTHqecKHX TOHax, aBTop bcc wc npnaaa nbece onTHMHCTHqecKyio pa3BH3Ky; no6e.na Ta3H3a Han AHaH6acM BocnpmiHMaaacb 3pHTeaeM Kan KOHeMHoe ropwecTBO npocBeweHHa Ha.i reMHbiM uapcTBOM. Ho 9T0 Gwao aH6epaabHO-npocBeTHTeabHoe, a He co- Uiiaabno-KaaccoBoe pa3peiueHHe npo6aeMU. B nbece He nona3aHo Kaacco- Boe paccaoeHHe craporo ayaa. BopbGy c nepewHTKaMH CTaporo Gbrra BenyT He npencTaBHTeaii napo.na, a Moaonofi yqHTeab, ctopohhhk nporpecca 11 npocBeiueHHH. Bonpocy 0 npaaax weiiinnHbi b oGuiecTBe nocBnmcHa h npyraa nbeca Myxiapa Ay330Ba, «Hhahk — Ke6eK». B Hefi noKa3aHU Goaec oTflaneHHtaie iipeMeHa. naHa mapoKan Kapnina WH3HH Ka3axcKoft crenH XVHI eena. 11 anoxy (peonaaH3Ma.

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opramnaTopoM ko.ixo30b, uuKopieBbrnaiouiHM CaflCKOe BpeA«T«ib- uajia h Apyraa OAHoaxmaa nbeca y«Hp- ro noKo.ieiiHH. Mame Bcero noaoAbie apaMaTyprn noCBsma.m b tc roAia cboii nbecu TewaraKe npimvAincabiioro Gpaica, 6opb6e 3a pacKpenoiuoiwc wemiMHM. Ohh noKa3UBa.iii, KaK coBeicKaa Baacib noMoraer mojioacwii GopoTtca 3a CBoe npaBo Ha caniocToaTejibHyio wii3iib. CioweT ctpohach na tom. 'ito po- AHTCJ1H XOTST BblflaTb flOlb 3a CTapHKa («EKH 33H>— «ZUa ;iaKOHa» — Acxapa ToKMaraMGeroBa), hjih 3a Gojiuiroro China boaoctiioto ynpaBHTWiH («CyiocKeHflep»— «Baio5aeiiHuc» — JKHenraAH T.ienGeprenoiia), hjih 3a iiamoGHMOro 6ora'ia («Ilepii3aT— Pa>ia3aH»— ero we). ilcByuiKa we .tioGht apyroro, GeAHaKa hah yaHTCJiH, coBSTCKaa B.iacTb noMoraeT eft AoCiiTbca Gpaica c B03.no6AeiiHbiM. ABtopaM He BcerAa yAaBaaocb npiiASTb CBoefi iiAee xvAOwecTBeiiHO yGcAHTeAbHue cjjopMu. ripHMHTHBHO pe30Hepcicoii 6u.ia nbeca «Ekh 3an>. HocTaBJieHHaa TeaTpoM b TpeTbeM ce30He paGoThi, b ceHTflGpc 1927 roAa's. B cneKtamie nar.ia.Mo upoTiiBonocTaBACHbi ABa Ghtobux yiuaAa: aaxoH craporo 6bira, AaBaBumii poAHTe-iflM npaoo BbiaaTb aoib 3a GoraTO- ro crapraa, h 33koh coBeTCKofl babcth, :iauiimiaBuinii cboGoav mo.iojoi) AeByuiKH. npeACCAaie-ib ayacoBera cTaHOBHTca na 3amnry mo.toawx le- poeB ni.ecb! h penicTpiipyer ccacT.iHBHii Gpan. OTeu h CTapmc-weniix, rop- roBaBiuiie Aenyuwy 3a Ka.iuM, Aaiwrnj itecnc OTBercTBeHHOcTb.

Ho h 3Toro coKpameHHH oxa3axocb HeaocTaToqHO, TaK KaK xpHTiixa Bbicxn- 3axa nowe-iaHHe CBecra Becb cnexTaxah k aayM xapniHaM. H 3 nocrauoBOK m>ec moxoanx apaMawproB nnn6oxee coaepwanvn.- hum h spKHM no HcnojiHeHHK) oxa3axc« cnexTaxxh «riepB3aT— PaMasair*. noxa3aHinjft 3pHTexx> b cjieBpaxe 1928 roaa'*. /leflcrsHe ero othociitch x 1926 roAy, t. e. x MOMeHTy, Korea B-iHsume 6aeB b ayxe ywe 3Hamne.ibiio nomaTHy.nocb, ho eme He cxoMxeHO oxoHiaTcxbHo. Bail MojiaaxMeT co6iipaeTc>i BbiaaTb cboio Aoib nepH3aT 3a cuHa ra- xoro jxe Goraaa, xax oh cbm. ripHexaeniHii cbbt TopomiT ero, a to «Moryr noMeuiaTb KOMMyHHCThi, KOTopHe cyiorcH bo bcc aexas. Ban acnoMitiiaior. xax Guxo xoporno panbuie: poanrexH cBaraxH aeiefl 3a xoro xore-in, cbo- Goaho nxaraxH xa.TUM, npoBOAHAH Toil; Tenepb Bee iiaAo cxpuBaTb ot coceAOH. Ha cucHe noHBAaeTCH riepH3aT — Ulap6aHy Eafi3axoBa — cTairiaa, oOaaTejibHasi Aeayuixa, c Goxmuhmii Bupa3HTexbHbiMH rxa3aMH, c tiaaBiioii. ropAeAHBoft noxoAXofl, c axhhhhmh ao xoxeH xocaMH, b GoraTOM xaM3o.ie. paciUHTOM uiexxoM h GxecTxaMH. Yanao o CBaTOBCTBe, riepH3aT Gypiio bo:i- pastaeT npoTHB 6aiicxoro jxeHiixa, Tax xax xio6ht oarpaxa PaMa3ana. ii ro riac jxe nocbixaeT 3a hhm noApyry, hto6h BMecre oGaywarb co3aaimice- csi noxoaieHHe. Hrpaxa IHapGany ary poab na GoxbmoM BHyrpeHHeM no.n,- eMe, npHAaBaxa o6pa3y c&iiy >i CTpacmocTb, scxpuBaxa cMexocTb h pc- uiHiexbHocrb IIepH3aT, ee nxaMeHHuii npoTecT npoTKB npnHyaiiTcabiioro 6paxa. Enx>6aii yMyp3axoB, arpaBinufi poxb Pana3ana, yciynaa riepii3aT » cnxe h repOH3Me. OTHacra na Taxyra TpaxTOBxy poan toxxax rexcT nbecu: Korea IIepH3aT xoier GexaTb c PaMa3aHOM 113 poaHTexbcxoro ao.ua, tot aoxro xoxeGxercH, Gohtch oiBeTCTBeHHOCTH, h Toxbxo pemHTexbiibie Tpc- 6oBaima I7epH3aT noGcHcaaror ero xoxeGaiiHfl. B opraHH3auHH noocra Pa- Ma3aHy noMoraeT ero BepHhifi Apyr JKapbixran, Garpax, WHBymHii y 6a«. Ero yaacTHe b pa3BHTHH aoUctbhh noaiepxHBaxo xxaccoByx) co.niaapnoeTi. GeAHHKOB b GopbGe c GaeM. KaxuGex KyaHwmnaeB co cBoiicTBeHiioii ewv Tenxoroii h MarxocTbro npaaaBax oGpa3y /K apuxrana HeoGbiaaimyK) oGaa- TejIbHOCTb. y3HaB o noGere aoiepii, pa3bHpeimwii MoxaaxMeT peuiaeT npcc.icjo- Bare PaM33aHa h yerpaHHTb ero npn noMOUM xoxaioro oGBHHemm b xpa- * e cxoTa. B3aiKa, AaHHaa Mii.ranHOnepy, npHAaer Bee 3T0My oGbhhchhk). PaMa3aH yxpbiBaerca c riepH3ai b pyccxoM noeexxe, ree oh ao 3Toro paGoTax. Pyccxaa GexHota eoxyBCTByeT eMy h cTaiiOBHica Ha ero 3aininy ITpeACTaBHTexeM pyeexoft Gcahotu b cnexTaxxe 6wx Crenan b iicnai- HeHHH KypuauGexa XCaHaapGexoBa, EMy, xax apTncry, BbiaexHBiueMVCH 6o- xee bhcokhm xyxbTypHbiM ypoBneM, aoBepnxH oTBercTBeHHyx) poxb npea- craBHtexa pyeexoro HapoAa. 06pa3 stot Gbix powaen caMoil *K3iibio, 3Ha-

a coiyBCTBOBana 6ean»KaM- ........... .r,“ V ' e mhchhc. OKpywaioiiiiie npoHKKiiyru 5» nfiurohiBaJiii 3tot o0pa3 ocTaJibiiue ncnojiimre- m T S u io , ynaiHO c . m m p y d »P>«. *>- \" \\ S m .o .o H e p do A«ocy M o u . n e r . Cienau co CBoeii wchoh Mapnefi npHxo.wr b cro aom, yTcmaroT ncpH3aT, BpHHOcaT eft iuie6, jieHbrH. Ohh coo6maiOT, mto pyccKHe KpccTWiic nanii cam Xano6v Ha Mo.uaxMeTa h nocna.iii ryOepscKOMy npoKypopy. TaKHM noBopoioM cRaateTHoii jihhhh cneKTaioib noniiiiMa.i TCMy opaT- ctBa abvx HapoflOB, nx coaiwapHocTH b 6opb6e 3a cboh npaBa, b npoTimo- iiMox<HocTb nbecaM iiamiOHaBHCTOB, Kotopue crpeMiuiHCb noccaTb MMKAy HapoaaMB Bpaacay. Ha cyae .loiKHoe o6bbhbhh6 npoBa.’iiinaeTca, PaMa3any B03Bpamcna csoOoaa. Toraa Mo.iaaxMeT npM6eraeT k CH.'ie h caMoynpaBCTny: iiOMbio oil BpuBaeTCfl co cbohmh j/KiiniTaMH b aom Pana3ana, cBH3UBacT cro 11 mi- xoAHBUieroca Tyr xte }Kapburana, a Ilcpn33T yB03irr b ropoA bmcctc c po- Ahbuihmch y*e pe6eHK0M. B cjieayiouiefl Kapnnie Ha cueiie noHBAHCTca naiaJibHiiK ropoacKoii mhjihuhh AKu.i6afi, or Koioporo 33bhcht yiacrb riepiraaT. Cepne KowaM- KyiOB nrpa.1 AKhi„i6a>i b ocTpux campHiecKiix Tonax, cypoBO pa3o0.iaMati OTpnuaie.ibHue bjibmbhtu b cobctckom annapaTe. AKbi.nfiaii — b npoui.io'i nepeBoamiK yc3Atioro Haia-ibHHKa — Teuepb pa3birpbiBaeT 113 cefia crporo- ro 6,'iiocTme.ia cobctckhx 33kohob. Oast oh no-BoeHHOMy: ruMitacrepKa. BbicoKHe canora. C noceTHTenaMH acphchtch cypOBO, hdamchho h caMOHa- AeaHHO. KorAa 3Bohht no Taae^ony H3 poabkiibh ra3eibi, oh ho JK&aacr pa3roBapHBaTb. Ho cpa3y BCKaKHBaeT, XBaTaer TpySicy, cyry-THT cniuiy. Koraa 3B0HHT H3 ofiKOMa. IlepeA HaaavibCTBOM oh Jie6e3HT xan -mca, nomi- ataer tojioc, yroaiHBo xnxHKaeT. H b 3Toil KapTHHe PaMa3aH ycTynai IlepH3aT b cwie npoTecra nponiB iiaciuHa. Oh po6xo bxoaht b Ka6HHCTAKhi.iSaa, Monaa oxMAaer, noxa tot co(wiaroBO.iKT ero 3aMeTHtb. HaxoHeu ckpomho nonaer 3aaaneHiie — *a.io- oy ua noxHTHTenefi. Hao6opoT, riepH3aT-IIIap6aHy rueBHo pa3o6.ia>iaeT ca- MoynpaBCTBO owa. 0 Ha npn Bcex 6pocaeTcn Ha rneio PaMa3aHv, crpacT- bo ooHHMaer ero, Tax <tra npHcyrcTByioiiuie c TpyAow Mom pa3BecTH iix BosaeflcTBHCM ncpiisar h PaMaaai, craHOBHTcn cwaiee, Ooaee peuiHraibHO noAAepwHBaeT cBoe o6BHHeiiHe. A•,aaxYMUCT„a,,AOKHUnJlp6HafKt aP3be!“BlaaeeTr oroecTHHeH1e,p0MCOaTBSbCTaHo. mnwOiVoHraHTBoroB3wHTpKiViLOaT M0o-t1- b nocST

riepH3aT; HypwaH c oAoOpeHHH poAHTeAeii TaK M36«BaeT ilepHiaT, mo Ta naaaer 6e3 HyBCTB. ToAbKO noaBjieHHe rydepHCKoro npoxypopa npHHociir eft ocBo6oHwenHe. HypwaH h ero poflHTMH apecTOBanu 3a y6HiicTBo pc- CeHKa, riepH3aT B03BpamaeTCH k PaMa3a»y. OOpamaacb k npoxypopy, ohh 6jiaroiiapaT coBercKyio BJiacTb, KOTopaa nana hm CBoSoAHyio wh3hl. B cneKTaiuie 6ujih KpynHhie Heflocranoi. Pe3Ko pa30&naaaa B3momiii- aecTBO h caMoynpaBdBO b jihub AxmiGaa, cnexiaKAb He npoTiiBonocTaDJia.i STOMy o6pa3y croAb we apKoro noAowHTeAMoro npeACTaBHTejia coBercxofi BJiacTH. ry6epHCKHfl npoxypop, tiphhochbuihA H36aaneHHe nepH3aT, 6ha no- JWH CesjiHKo, CecpBeTHO, He hmm HHKaxHx aepr WHBoro HCAOBeiecxoro xa- paKTepa, He m e n Aawe hmchh. Ho ocHOBHaa TSMa — 6opb6a 3a HOBUfi 6ht — b cneicraKAe paaBcpiiyT.i ySeflHT&AbHo, apKO noKa3ana oaccoBaa coAHAapHocTb 6arpaKOB b hx 6opbfie c Oa&CTBOM, Apywfia Ka3axcKofi h pyeexofi ficAHoru. B HeM nojiy<iHjiH Aa.ibHeflinee pa3BHTMe o6pa3bi CM&abix fiopuoB c ncpc- JKHTKaMH (teoAajiH3Ma, HaMCienHbie b nepBbix cnexraxAHX iiauHOHaabiroro Teaipa. IIepH3aT 6opeTca 3a cboh npaBa 3HaiHTeAbH0 co3Haie.ibiiee, xcm E11- jihk, KOTpyio ona HanoMHHaeT mhothmh aepTaMH xapamepa. Ekahk oiuynbio npo6HBaeT ce6e nyn> k caacrwo, IIepH3aT noHHMaeT CTpevuieHue coBercxoS BJiacTH pacnpenocTHTb xeHmHHy h co3HaTeju>HO onnpaeTca Ha Cobcth b 6opb6e c (tieoAa.ibHHM rHeTOM. MeHce apOK o6pa3 PaMa3aHa, ho Bee we sto mar Bnepea nocjie KOMeAHitooro o6pa3a MaAKaMOaa h ceHTHMeHTaAbHoro 3apAbuca. 3apAHK TOAbKo waAocnio ceTyeT Ha cboio cyxb6y h noni6aeT. y PaM33aHa nocTeneHHo 3apowA<ieTcn boah k 6opb6e, pacTCT npoTecT, eepa b B03MowHocTb no6eAM, K-iaccoBaa co3HaTeAbHocTb, KaK pocaa 011a b Te roAbi v Bceft Ka3axc.K0H 6eAHOTH, c6pacHBaBmefi c ce6a 6aflcKnfl rHeT. B AHue Pa- ua3aHa h )Kapbi.iraria enepBbie Ha xa3axcKoft cuene o6pa3U 6atpaxa AaHbi B QKTHBHO0 6opb6e c BpaWAe6HbIM KAaccoM. PenepTyap Ka3axcKoro Teaipa 3a roAbi ero pafiora b K3biA-OpAe coeraB- Jihah b noAaBAHK>meM CoAbuiHHCTBe nbecu HauHOHaAbHofl ApaMaTyprHH. 3a nepeBOAHuS coBercKHfl penepTyap reaTp b r y nopy BOBce He 6pa.ica, h TOAb- ko nepBhie pofimie nonuren AeAaA b pa6ore hba pyccKoS KAaccHKOft, npii- tom nonbirKH lie Bceraa yjiaiHue n3-3a HeAOCTanca o6mefi h xj'AOwecTBeHHofl KyAbTypu. CoBepinemio He cnpaBHACH TeaTp c nocTanoBKon «MaAeHbKHx TpareAiifl* ITyuiKHHa «CKynoft punapb» h «KaMeHHbifl rocn>», noAroroBACHHUx k 90-Ae- THIO COAHH CMepTH TOSTa (tJieBpaAb 1927 r. ). IlOCTaHOBKH 3TH 6uah pacue- HeHbi KpHTHKoft Kax «rpy6oe nacHAHe HaA nyniKHHNM*. nocKOAbKy rnyfioxoe <JwAocot|)CKoe coAepwaiiHe nbec He hohhto hh nepeBOAiHKOM, hh HcnoAHii- TeAHMH. ToAbKO «)KeHHTb6as ToroAH, nocTaBAeHHas b Mapre 1928 roAa, npoui.ia ycneiHHo17. KoAAeKTHB c yiiAeiemieM pafioraa HaA nbecofl, ccoHaeaa, mo

3THM3iia>[i!Teju>iio pacnnipneT cBoii tbophcckhh /unnaaoH, npoCraaeT Bncp- BUC nvrb k KiiaccHiecKOMy Haaiejuno. Koiictho, pycCKiifl 6ut, BiieuwocTb n MaHepu imweS BpeHeHIoroM (Shah nepeAaiiu b cncKTan-ie npii6.iH3Hre.uno, nocKoabKy hh Hcno.inirre.iH, hr nocraiioBMHK CepKe KowaMKj'AOB He 3iia.ni hx b jrocraToqiiofi wepe. Orpopiuieime enemakar aiyiafiiio 11 npHMirriiiimi: flexopamiefi caywiui roTOBbifi «naBHJibo>i», a Kocnouu cami iicnofliiimvni noao6paan na CK-iaaeH3HMyuiecrsa pyccxofi rpyrniu. Ho Ka3axcKoro 3pnre.ia iiHrepecoBa.m ne Outobuc noapo6HOCTii. a KH31KHH0UOHHTIiafl HCTOpHHCBaTOBCTBa, CBOfiCTBeilHOrOII KalH.XCKOMV6UTV. 3tot cioHcerHbifi octob komcahh aicrepbi xopomo ocboimii, lirpaan whiio ii iienocpeacTBOHiio. Kax y*e Otuo cKaaaao paHbiue, Ka3axcnHii rearp na ncpuoMskmk oi«o- cro cymecnioaamiH aapaay c ApaMarHiecKHUK cneKraKflHMii nacre npmio- an.i KOHiieptbi ii.ih eerepa HapojHoro rnopnecTna18. Ha stiix m'wpax Am|m‘ KaraayOaeB, EmofiaS yxiypsanoB h KypMaH6eK JKaiiaapCcKmi iiciio.Hiii.nl aapHHHuenapoAiiue necHH, KaanOex KyaHuuinaea Burryiia.1 c komuhcckiimh paccna3anu h myiKam, apoae rex, KaKuuii 3a6annu on 3p1iTe.n1na Kymi- AHHCKOSapuapKe, Hca Eafi3axoB BOCKpcmaa cAasHbie Tpa;uhiiiii anuiion-HM- npoBH3aTopoB. Bee 3to 6hao HCKyccTBo, Bbipociuee B cauoii rymc liapoaiio- BuBa.ni cayaao, KxoorrAaaa kKcOHiiepTnpoBOAHAca cMcmamiUMii cn.iawn reaT- \" TaKBMo6Paao« npespamancH b noAAmiiiyio tarn- Ky npoipeccHOHa.uHoro h HapoAnoro HCKyccrea. n p o a S S s ^ ? npHm T MTaK0S WAnercH .Bocromiuii Benop». B neMv i T ? ? roaa no HwiMaiBBe rabiA-opjuniCKiix micare.iefi. WOK HS S , ! H rocWaP«'*HHuii rea-rp, H Mecmuii TarapcKH# Kpy- Ka3axH' TaTap“ ' y36>K\" ' oam^ rpau.MyH ^™ Ca ™ (^ 0K a i« rtreP' 6bM0y6pal,° Bboctoti|om crH.ie. npo- cu ■ TeaTpa- Pa3airPaBiuHecnciiKy «EHP*aV (afirac) AByx aio6hmux uaimmu npoii3EoAH.iocb 3Ha>ieimToo cocTsuaime TOpHIOKaaaxcxoii ARTf-BaTOrM r ne°UO\"‘HMnP0BII3aToPOB. BOIllCAUICe II lie- KK°aBfiA(aapsaro<pt>CaiU™CIIKH). T arra^KUH?fPiy^)hv0SK hncZhoaa™hha11*o3t\"p3ub\"krpiiM----M---c-a BA\"a,libia' BoAbuiaa nporpauMi — '“\"PiecTBa «w p npome.i 6HACT0B ’\" o s ? ■8“ “ *»•* * * He »Ma*> Ha BcexS o w ™ 2 £ L ? M,,\"C* 0T 11 anonna WL xy,ao* ecTBeHHUe BeqeDa —onn oe bapoiK^aKjiueroop uaitun., ei,He nnoAiie ecrecTBeimoe

rioflo6Hhie Beqepa Obi.iH b Ty nopy Heo6xoAHMW, Tax nan ohh npmueK jm b 3pnTejihHH0 3aa MaccoByio ayAHropHio, eme He npaBUKiayro k jpaMa- THBecKOMy cneKTaKJiio, ho CTpaerao yBJieKauuivioca cbohm HapoflHbiM hckvc- CTBOM. B jieraHe Mecauu, noc.ie OKOimaiiaa 3HMHero ce30Ha b K3hm-0pAe, to- aip npe,inpHHHMa.i noe3AKH no pecny&iHice, AaBaa crreKTaon b oGjiacrHux ueHTpax h b AaAbHHx ayjiax, xHTejiH kotopux Aawe He shsah, hto TaKoc B noe3AKH TeaTp 6paa c coOoh h <5oJibuine cneKTauiH H3 HHcaa ocoGchho ycneniHO npouieAiHHX b ropoAe, h JierxHe OAHoaxTHbie nbechi na Gbrroobic to- mh, aKTyajibHwe ana ayabiioro 3pHTeas. HenpeMemibiM AonoaiiemiCM KawAom BUCTynaeHHH 6uaa KOHnepTHaa nporpaMMa, necHH h paccKa3bi, Ce3 KOTopux 3pHrejiH HHKorAa He ornycxanH munoOKBimiflca hm KoaaeKTHB. H3 nbec HaiiOo-ibuiHii ycnex b noe3AKax HMeji «ManKaM6afi», 3ByiaBUimi eme 3Ao6oAHeBHO, nocKOJibKy SaficTBo c ero couaaJibHbiM h Gutobum ruetOM b Ka3axcTaHe Ghao AaJieico He h3jkhto. B npyrofi oAnoaKiHoft nbecxe Hiuaii- ra.'iii MeHAbixaHOBa «yfiHiHK-yfiniHK» (Ha3saHne HapoAHofi Hrpbi), Hanucaii- nofi eme ao peBOJHonHH, peHTpaJibHUM Gun o6pa3 SoeBofi h npOBOpwofi Ka3aui- KH-6eAHOTKH, iioaoGho Ma.iKaMfiaio .noGiiTe-ibHimbi BeceJibix npoacaoK. Gunn Taioxe b penepTyape TeaTpa nbecxH, arjiTHpoeaBiiiHe 3a hobjhi uiKoay, aa npocBemeHHe. flo 3aAaHHio HapK0M3ApaBa MecrniM .iHTcparo- poM H. H. Ahobhm HanHcana cneimajibHo aah Bbic3AHbix cneKTaioieii nbccua «Mepe3Aea KyreapAU* («H36aBAeHHe ot H3Bbi»), b Koropoft AOKaaidBa.iacb IieoSxOAHMOCTb Jje'IHTbCH OT CH(j)WIHCa. Ilo XOAy AefiCTBHS B CneKTaKAb BBO- AHAacb AeKimH upaia. XUh KOJiaeKTHBa 3th noe3AKH 0Ka3a.nncb Ae.iOM He jierKHM, ohh TpeGo- BaJiH Gojibiuofi bwhoc.ihboc™ h SHepriw, nocKOAmcy noporu b crena naxo- AHAHCb b wioxom coctoahhh, GoAbiuyio 'lacrfe nyTH npaxoAHaocb npoACAbi- BaTb Ha apGax, caMocronreJibHo norpywaTb h pa3rpywaTb AeKopaunw. riepByio noesAKy b Mae 1926 roAa TeaTp npeAnpHHaa Ha roro-BocTOK ot K3b«i-OpAbi: b TypuecTaH, Mhmkcht, Ayjias-Ary (JxcaMSyA), flHuineK (<J>pyH3e), AjiMa-Ary, h AaJibme— b KapxapaAHHcK Ha apMapxy. Hhotab AOpOTH GbUIH HaCTOAbKO nAOXH, HTO apTHCTbl npeAHOHHTajIH HATH ItetUKOM, ocraBHB na ap6e TOJibKO Bemn. Ha nyra b KapKapa.iHHCK na.ia AOiuaAb. h aKTepaM npum-aocb chmhm Bnpaabca b ap6y h TamHTb ee ao GaHwaftiueii CTaHUHH. JleroM CAeayiomero, 1927 roAa TeaTp HanpaBHAca Ha cesep ot K3m.i - OpAM, nocerH.T Ka3aAHHCK, ApaabCK, AktioGhhck, a 3aTeM aepe3 Omck npo- Gpajica Ha pexy HpTbim, b iiaMOAap h CeMHna.aaTHHCK. MecTHbie opra- HH3aQHH BCTpeaaAH TeaTp paAyniHO. B OMCKe, htoGm npeAOcTaBHTb noMe- meHHe Ka3axcKOMy TeaTpy, 6hah oTMeHeHH racTpoAH aeHHHrpaACKOii one-

™ JKhtwh ayaa Kapwac acipenuin tpynny «a cramum * Me3H0Hjw po- ?a c renerauH a b ayae ycipoHAH TopwecrBCHiiyx) BCTpeny h yromemie. B ropoaax TcaTp npoAaBaa 6iuicth no 50 KoneeK, b ayaax flaoaa Gee- naaiHue nocTaHOBKH. B ayaax cneKTawra ma« hoa otkpwtwm hcGom. B mccto noflMoerKon eramtaocb iieCKoabKO reaer, Ha Koiopux 11 pa3birpbiBaaocb AeiiCTBHC. Ha noOTBrax KBcpxy oraoCasx pa3BeuiHBajwcb AexopauHH. Ha ncpoaneM naa- ne pa3Mcmaancb KepocHHOBue aaunu, KOTopue b THxyio noroay flocTaTOi- no sipxo ocBemaan cueHy. Ha KapKapaaHHCKofl apMapwc TeaTp nrpaa iia 6oabinoS orapbiTOfi naomaAxe, oropowcHHofi AocxaMii. 3aecb cMOTpeib cnemaKab co6Hpaaocb flo tuchih 3pHTeaefi. Ycnex cncKTaxaefi Gui orpoMHhifl, caaaa o TeaTpe Aaaei;o pa3iiocH- aacb no oxpyre. 3acaumaB o npHC3ae Teaipa, jkiitc-ih co Bceii oxpyrH, imoraa iraAaaexa, cbc3*aaHCb k ueciy aeiicTmia. Ha cneKTaKab anaaaocb oGtroioneimo bcc naceaeHHe ayaa, b tom micac hcchiohhu h crapHKii. Oa- h3ko Obiaaan cayiaw, xoraa weimunibi noA BaummeM iiyaa OTKa3biBaanch hath Ha cneKTaxab. Toraa cbmhm amepau npaxoAHaocb oCxoaiub rapTbi, npoBOfliiTb Ceceabi, aoMaTb npeay6e*aeiiHe. B rayxHx ayaax TeaipaabHbie «qyACca» BU3bmaaH HeonacyeMoe H3yn- aemie, K33aancb qyib aH He BoameficreoM. IIe3HaKOMbie c rpiiMOM 3pnTcaii ire MoraH noHBTb, omyaa nOHBAsnoTCsi na cneHe HOBbie awua, xoTopux tie Gwo b npiiexaBiuefi Tpynne. «B oahom H3 cneKTaxaefi Ha KapKapaanncxofi npaapKe. — BcnoMimaeT Cepxe KowaMxyaoB, — h nrpaa erapiiKa. Koraa a pa3rpitMiipoBaacs 11 Bbi- niM nocae cneKTaxan, Mens oGcrymiAH 3pHTean c paccnpocaMii: «Fac we Barn CTapHK, KOTopuii Tax xopomo m-paa, noieMv oh lie noxa3biBacTCH?» — «uh aejxHT 3a cueHofi h He xoxeT BbixoAHTb*. — inyTHa n.— «rioxa)Kii nan •cro»,— npociian apiiTean. ripHniaocb, naxoneu, npH3HaTbca, hto sto h nr- paa cTapHxa. Ho Miiorae He noBepnaH. «A tbi iiac He o6MaHbiBaeuib?», — neAOBepniBO nepccnpauiHBaaH ohh». CncxTaxan npoii3BOAHaH rayGoxoe BneiaTaeunc. 3pHTeaH naaxmn poro 6ura ™ cueHKii Jp e p u ... Mcxa' ' ,' HB0 BocnpHHHMaaacb KpHTHKa nepewiiTKOB cra- noe3AXH TeaTpa h--------- - lC 3Haqe,IHe- Ohh coAcfiCTBOBaaH y abmix eme peaHni03Hbix h Gntoi •irn n~onyaspnoc■Tbt He\"To\"ab\"xo b“ ”y3Kr0eM” kd\"v*tv• \"croVimsm, \"oB, ,.,.,u, h mHPollaiimH!t Macc Ka3axcKoro'Hapona nonow- yBaweHHe x hobomv, panec HeBHAaHOMy cueimqKKOMy

5 Bo B3aHMOfleftcTBHH AByx Kyjiwyp, AByx xyAowecrBeHHux komiiack- cob pacrer h pa3BHBae-rcs MOJioAofl HauHOHa.ibHbift TeaTp. KopHUMH ero HBASHOTCH: C OAHOii CTOpOHU— B0K3MH HaKOETJieHHOe HapOAHOe TBOpMeCTBO. KOHeqHO, b ero nporpeccHBHou, AeMOKpaniqecKOH qacTH: snnqecKax nosMn ii CKa3Ka, necHH h My3UKa, Hrpu h oCpsAu, kotopumh iiacumeH iiapoAiibni 6 ht; c Apyroii ctopoHU — pyccKas coBeTCKaa TeaTpaJibiias Ky.ibTypa c cc ■auaAH30M HAe8HO-o6pa3Horo coAcpwaHiw nbecu, npocpeccKOHajibHo ottomcii- hum MeroAOM paSorbi HaA o6pa30M h bucokoS cueHHqecKofi TexHHKofl. B3aHMOAeftcTBHe 9thx AByx xynbiyp neoCxoAHMo aah nomionemioro pocra HauHOHaAbHoro TeaTpa. Ecah moaoaoA TeaTp He Hcnojib3yeT onuT CBoero CTapmero CpaTa — nepeAOBoro pyccKoro TeaTpa, oh c6nuaeTCn h.i JtfofiHTeAbCTBO, KycTapHHqecTBo, TonqeTca na Mecre. Ecjih we TeaTp Aiiuieii CBH3H C TBOpqeCTBOM CBOCTO HapOAa, OH SeCCHJieH OTOfipaaHTb WH3llb Hil- poAa, TepaeT cboio nauHOHaAbHyio cneuiicpHKy, a BMecre c lieii h aioGow. 3pHT6AH. H3 Bcex TeaTpoB CpeAHefl A3hh Ka3axcnn8 TeaTp b toau ero craHOB- JieHHH, CbiTb MoweT, nanGo/iee npoqHo 6ha CBH3aH c HapoAHUM ToopqecT- bom. PyKOBOAnxe.au KyAbTypaofi wh3hh Ka3axcTaHa co3HaTeAbHo craBHAii 3aAaqy co3AaTb He TeaTp Boo6me, a CBoft, HauHOHaAbHuft caMo6uTnuit rcarp, •c caMoro HaqaAa h3uckhb8ah cnocofiu npHAaTb 3T0My TeaTpy CBoeoOpaa- aoe HauHonaAbHoe ahixo. HanGo-iee Bepnufi nyTb k 3T0My ohh cnpaBeAAit- BO BHAeAH B CBH3H TeaTpa C HapOAHhIM TBOpqeCTBOM. IlpH noHCKax Bupa3HTeAbHux cpeACTB aah ApaMaTHqecKofl «rpu nep- Bue aicrepu Ka3axcKoro TeaTpa iicnoAb30BaAH irpneMN h HaBUKH H3 na- pOAHoro TBOpqecTBa. KyAbTypa peqa, pasBiirasi b Ka3axcK0M 6ury 6hhmh- oparopaMH h paccKa3qnKaMH-ocipocAOBaMH, noMorAa anrepaM TeaTpa n Bupa(5oTKe Bupa3HTeAbHofl cueHHqecKofi peqH. CrapefiuiHe awepu TeaTpa b poAHX KOMHqecKoro penepryapa bociiphhhah h HcnoAb30BaAH npneMu Ha- POAHUX KOMHKOB, HpMapOqHUX UiyTOB-saTefiHHKOB. TeCHO CBH33H 6bUI TeaTp C My3UK8AbH0fi KyAbTypOft Ka3aXCTaHa, HJH- pOKO HCn0Ab30BaA B CBOHX APHMaTHMeCKHX HOCTaHOBKaX 3aMeqaTeAbHue HapoAHue necHH, MeAOAHqecKH Corarae h pa3Hoo6pa3Hue no xapaxTepy. -COnpOBOHCASA AefiCTBHe Hrpofi Ha MV3UK3AbHUX HapOAHUX HHcrpyMeHTax, pacnpocrpaHeHHUx b 6wry. S p a u a r y p n Ka3axcraHa npw cosabkhh nbec onnpaAHCb Ha HapoAHoe TBopqecTBo: b nosMax h CKa3Kax ohh HaxoAHAH HeHcqepnaeMyio cokpobhw- HHuy ooweroB, o6pa30B, OTAeAbHux KpuaaTUX supaweHHfl, Soraro OTpa- waioutHX HapoAHyio 4>aHTa3Hio h MyApocTb. OcoGchho umpoKo HcnoAb30BaHo HapoAHoe TBopqecTBo — necHH, 06- paAOBue MOMeHTU — b nbecax MyxTapa Ay330Ba. Tan, HanpHMep, b cE h- 43

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