Рабочее и аграрное движение в Казахстане в 1907-1914 годах

IV ripe/wc/iOBHe HWMH OpraiTH3attHSTMH M OTAeJIbHblMM JIKU,aMH, npM'H'HMaiBIUIiMH yiacTHe b pcBOjnouwoHiibix Bw cTymieiinax. B conna.i-fleMOKpaTH<iecKne opraHHsaitHH, npo^eccHonaJibHHe coio3bi h pa3JiH>iHbie jiera;ibHbie ofim ecrBa pa6o'rax 3acbiJiajiHci> areHTW oxpa«KH, npoaoKaTopbi1. Tax, MaaajibHMK ypajibCKoro ot- Aejiewna TaMSoBO-YpajibCKoro jKawAapMcacoro nojmueftcKoro yxrpaBJieaiMH jKfeue3«ofi /topora b Haa ajig 1908 r. coo6maji «aaajib- HHKy CaiMapcKoro ryOepHCKoro waiiAapMOKoro oxpanHoro oxae- jichhh o HanpaBJieiiHH b rop. Ypa-ibCK (j)HJiepc® aah JiHKBHAauHH counaji-aomokpaTHHecKoH opra«H3auHH h npo<j)eccnoiiaAbHbix coio- 30b*; b Typraflcxyio oOjiacrb 6 uji HanpaB.aeH cneunajibHbifl areHT J3,enapTaMenTa n o a m im Ana «HaAJie>Kamero nairHTHqecJcoro p03wcKa», a caNia o6jiacrb 6buia noA^HHena OpeaCyprcKOMy HcanAapMCKOMy ynpaiijieHHio3. B roAbi peaKUHH 6biJiM paarpoMjieHbi Tam«eHTCKHfl h O mcwhft KoM'HTeTbi P C ^ P n , nerponaBAOBOKaia, ypajibCK aa, CeM nnajia- THHCKaa, BepHeHCKaa h A pyrne couHaa-A eM oK parniecKne o p ra- HH3aiIHH, a SKTHBHbie HX yiaCTHHKH apeCTOBaHbl H COCJiailbl. B TOCAe hx 6 hjih 6o.ibuieBHKH <l>. A. Bepe3OB0KHH, B. B. KyflCtJ- 1U6B, K. A. rlonOB-H AP-4V 3iiavHTe.ib'HaH aacTb npc«{)ooK»Hbix opraH:Haau.«ft v. jierajib- Hwx o6meCTB TpyAamaxca 6waa 3aKpbrra, mhophim 6 buio OTKa3a«o b pePHcrpantfH b odnacTHbix npaB^CHHax\"’. HapH3M jrHKBHAHpOBaA H TO He3HaMHTeabHbie CBO<5oAbI, KOTO- p u e oh npcA0CTa®HJi TpyAamHMcn n»A h3thckom peBo.'iiouHH 1905— 1907 it . 3 HioHa 1907 r. uapcKHM npaBwrejtbCTBOM 6bia H3A3H 3aiKOH o pocnycKe II Tocya apcTBeimoft AyMH « bbgaohhh H'OBOft CHCTeMH BblOopOB B XlyMy. n o STOMy 3a«0Hy COBepmeHHO AHuiaAHCb H30HpareJibHbix npaB Ka3axH h A pyrae HapoAHOCTH, Ha- 'ceaaBmHe Ka3axcTaH6. B otbct Ha MHOPOHMcjieHiibie npoTecTbi KasaxcKoro h Apyrnx HapoAOB npOTHB AHIUeHHa HX H36HpaTejIbHMX npaB MHHHCTp BHyT- peHHHx Aea b nwcbMe rySepHa-ropy TypraftcKofi oftaacrH TpeSoBaji «pa3 h naBceraa npexpaTHTb Bcaxyio arm-ammo o AapoBaHHM no- MaHyroro npeACT3bhtejibcrsa h BcawHe pa3rx>BopM c kphthkoh npaBHTejibCTBOHHbix MeponpHaTHfl npH3HaTb HerepnHMbiMHs-7. BecnomaviHo noAaajisiH pesojiroiwoHifioe AmiwceuHe hapoaob P occhh, uapn3,M pa»Bepnyji noAHueftcKHH hoxoa npo-rao aeMO- KpaTHHecKoa neaaTH h Ky.nbTypu Ka3axcKoro H apo/a. CrenHbiM V K83CCP. ij). 427, on. I. a. 122, ji. 22.

anaa Co.nbiuyio peBoaronHOHnyio ipaGory. B hotaae 1910 r. «3 ecu.™ BceapaTiuiHCb GoabiueBHxa K. A. IlonoB h A. Bepe- 3OBCKH0, KOTOpbie BHOBb B03rjiaB'HJIH COU'H3J!-A^MOKpaTH*ICCKyFO opraHH3aumo. rio HHHimaTHBe Omckoh conHa-'[-fl<XMOKpaTmecKoft opraHHsaitBH b 1910 r. co3aaerca «3anaaHO-Cn6HpcKoe opraHH- saiiHOHHoe Giopo P C flPn», b xoropoe Taxwe bouijih npeacTaBH- Teim ot HoBO-HHKOHaeBCKofi (HobochGhpckoh) h Eapnayabcxoft coiwaji-fleMOKpaTHqecKHX rpynn. B aBrycre 1910 r. «3anaaHO- ChGhpckhm opraiM3auhohhhm Giopo PCJlP n* Guao Hsaano B03- 3Bamie «K TOoapmnaM couHaa-aeMOKpaTaM GhGhphs, Koropoe paenpocTpaHajiocbBOMCKe, BapHayne napyrnx ropoaax. B nana- Jie 1911 r. OMCKaa couiiaji-aoMOxpanmecKaa opra«H3auHH hc- no-n.30Ba.ia b cbohx iie-inx nraorpaipmo «HpTum», rae H3aaBa- Jiacb raaera «OmckhS' Becntnx*. B ijieBpaae — wapTe 1911 r. c noMombio paGonax stoh THnorpa(t>Hn omckhmh counaa-aeMonpa- t3mh Gbi.iH BbinymeHM npoKJiaMauHH, xoropue paonpocrrpaHH-iHCb b Omckb h apyrwx ropoaax CTenHoro Kpan. B nepece-ieHqeoKHx opramraaUiHHx rap. nerponaMOBCKa h Omckb epean cayxcauwx 6bran counaa-aeMoxpaTu, xoropue Bean peBoaioiiHOHHyio paGoiy epean KpecTbancKoro HaceaemiH. Ohh pacnpocTpaHHJiH couHa-i-aeMOKpariwecKyio anrepaTypy, npoxaa- MaiiHH epean Tpyamanxca. OMcxaa conHaa-aoMOKparHqeoKaa oprawnsamiH npoBoawia Goabmyro paGory b aeraaw iux xyabTypHo-npoceeTHTeabaux 06- njecTBax. OHa ncncyib30Baaa b ueaax peBoaiounoHnoft paGoTU epe- an paGcwHx n caywamnx oGmecTBo «IIpocaeraeHHe®, «OMCxqe npo^ieccHOHa.ibiioe oGmecTBo kohtopckhx caywamnxs, «06mecT- bo norpeGnTeaefl rop. 0Mcxa», «06iaecTBO H3yqeiiHH CnGnpn*, «06mecTBo caMoo6pa30Ba-mw « (pnamecKoro passimra* h ap- Hreinifl, npoBoaiMbie b sthx oGmecTBax, np«BaexaaH Maocy cay- uiareaefl, b tom >meae « xa3axo®. JleKropaiMii aacTO Guam Goab- meBKKH, iranpmiep, K- A. FIonoB « apyrne1. PeBoaroitHowiaa aeareawiocTb oamia-i-aoMOKpaTOB CeiMHTiaaa- THBcxa, nasaoaapa. ycTb-KaiMeHoropcxa n apyrnx ropoaob CeBepo-BocTOTHoro Ka3axcTaHa ocymecrBaaaacb noa pyKOsoa- ctbom GoaMueBHKO® rop. Obiona. ConHaa-aoMonpaTii'iecKHe opra- iiH3au.HH h KpyacKH, a Taxace ocTaBuinecH na CBoGoae OTaeuiMibie couHaa-aeMOKpaTbi npoaoawaan bccth nponaraHaHCTCxyx) paGo- Ty epean Tpyanm«xcn « coaaaT. IlaBaoaapcKHfi xpywox P C flP II 16 h 30 anpean 1908 r. pac- npocrpaHHa b ropoae h npnropoanux noceaxax, H3aaimbie Ha reKTorpaipe, npoxaaMauHH. npn apecre oaHoro H3 qaeiioB stoto xpywxa o anpeae 1908 r. Guaa o6Hapy)Ke®a napniftHaa anrepa- Cm. floxyue

ripeanaioBHe V reuepa^-rySepnaTopoM Ch a o HSAauo o6H3arejiEHoe nocraHOBAe- HHe, 3anpemaiomee nepHOAimecKne h3A3huh h Apyryio JiHTeparypy AeMOKpaTHMecKOro HanpaB.ienHa1, JIawe Maaeflume nonuTKii co3- AaiiHH nepHOAHtecKofl nenaTH n a KaaaxcxoM H3HKC HeMeA.ieKHO npeceKaancb. B 1909 r. iiaqaabHHk rop. TauiKeHTa b panopTe BoeBHOMy ry6epHaTopy Cbip-flapbHHCKofi o&nacTH npeAJiaraa yca- aHTb HaO.'noAeHHe «3a nacTpoemieM yMOB» MecTiioro naceaeHHH2. CxOAKH, 'MHTHHTM TpyAHUIHXCB A»6o paSTOHMHCb, JImSo CTa- BH-TOCb nOA JKeCTOKHfl KOHTpOAb nOJIHAHW. 06H3aTejlbHbIM noera- HOB.ieHHeM crennoro reHepaa-ryfSepHaTopa BocnpemaAHCb «bch- Koro poAa nyfiAOTHbie coGpaima Gee paapemeHira noanuBH, a pairno cofipaiiHH h coBemasnia, nporaoHbie o6mecrBen»ofi 6e30- naCHOCTH K CnOKOflCTBHIO, XOTH Obi H B HaCTHblX KBapTHpaX*3. ryOepnaTop Typrafioxofi oGaaero aanperon cm hb rojtocthhx, cc.ibcKHx h ayabHux cxoaob Ges paspemenmi uapcxofi aaMHini- CTpauHH. 3 tomh nocTaHOBJieHiHHMH ewe Goaee yoHAMBaAitCb no- AimefiCEHe (pyHKUHH BOAOCTHblX CTapUIHH, ayAbHblX H CejIbCKHX crapocT no HaA3opy 3a HaceACHHen4. Bha ycwieH noAHiieficxHfi «aA30p 3a cAyacamHMH, paGoTaiouwMH b npaBHTeJibCTBeuHux h ofimecTBeHHbix opraHH3auHiix5. B 3TOT * e ncpicoA uapB3M ycuyiBBaer b Ka3axeraHe aacivib- CTBeHiiyio pyccHipHKaTopcKyio noAHTHxy. B 1909 r. ryGepnaTopbi oG.nacrefi H3A3ah cneuHa.ibiiue pacnopsuxeiiHsi, 3anpemaiomHe «H36paHHe» Ha aoajkhocth boaocthmx ynpaBHTeaeft, ayAbHbix CTapuiHH npeACTaBHTe-iefi KopeHiiofi HauHouaAbiiocTH, He BaaAeio- 1UHX pyCCKHM H3HXOM6. HpKHM nOK33aTeAeM pyCCHIpHKaTOpCKofi noAHTHKH uapH3Ma HBiweTCH TaK>Ke «pe30JiiouHH» BoeHiioro ryGep- naTopa CeMHpeueHCKofi o6aacrH, b KOTopoft xa3axcxoc h KHpnra- cKoe iiaceaeHHe paccMaTpHBaaocb «TOJibKOxax MaTepnaa, H3 Koero B C.1H3KOM OyAymeM AOAJKHbl BMpafiOTaThCH ofil.IMIIhie pyccKHe KpecTbHHe. Te we B3 mux, xoropbie ae 6yAyr GecnpexocAosHO noAHHHHTbCH uapcKHM BJiacTHM, HcnbiTaioT necoMHeHHo ne'ia.ib- »yio cynbGy: ohm hah ocraHyrca 6e33©MeAbHMMH » mhiuhimh h nepeMpyT, hah Pocchh [iHTafiTe uapnaM — cocTaBHTeAH] c hhmh paccTaireTCHB7. B CeMHnajiaTHMOKe, BepHOM h Apyrux ropoAax KaaaxcTaiia yCHAHAH peaKUHOHHyiO AeHTCAbHOCTb HepHOCOTeilllbie COK)3hI, oco-

yj npejracjioBHe ___ ___ 6e»HO, « G ok >3 pyccKOTO «apoaa» w « C o k >3 Mnxajwia Apxanrejia®, KOToptje BejiM TeppopHCTH'iecKyio 6opb6y npoTHB peBOjnouHOHHoro ABHXteHHH, «3aaBajiH cb o h neqaTHbie opraMM, nponarananpoBajiH yKpenjieiine MOHapxmecKoro crpoa « pa3xnra««e MejKHauao- Ha/lbHOfl p03HH*. npoMuuijieHHHKH b Ka3axcrane Kan HHOcrpaniihic, Tax h pyc- CKae, nepeiiwra ® oncpwroe HacTyn.ienHe na padowx. O h h c h h - >Ka.nH pacnennH, pe3KO noBHiuajiH ueiiH Ha npoayKTbi h npeaMeTH nepBoii HeoCxoaHMOcm, yBe.imHBa.iH pa6oqnft a&nb, yBOHbHHJiH HaaGcuee cosHaTeabHbix paGomHx h t . a . Maccosoe yBOJibHeHHe pa<kwnx hmcjio MeeTO Ha c t . IlepaBCK, A kti o6h « c k ,« a C h S h p c k o h »cene3Hoft aopore, « a npoMwcnax «3M6a», «JJ,occop» « flp2- Bee BblCTyrUieiTWH paGOHHX npOTHB HeBUHOCHlMUX yCJIOBHH Tpyaa 6ec- nomajiHo noaaBJinji'HCb, a atcTWBHbie yiacTHHKH BbicrynjieHHH apecroBbibajiHCb h caaojincb b Tiopb'MW2. PenpeccHH uaproMa 6bui« HanpaBJieHbi Taione npoTHB Tpyaa- iuhxcsi Macc ayjia h aepeBHH. B crraeJibHbie paflonbi ana noaaB- jieHHH BbicryruieHHft KpecrbsiH nocbuiajiBCb KapaTejibHue oTpflflw. AKTHBHbie yqaCTOHKH KpeCTbHMCKHX BblCTyrUieH'Hft apeCTOBblBa- jiHCb h BbicbijiajiHCb4. ycH/iH-iHCb TaKHce penpecoHH uapH3Ma npo­ THB peBOJnouHOHBO MacrpoeHHux conaaT, nepeaoBoft qaero HHTejijiHreHm™ h yqamnxcH5. B nepHoa cronbrnHiHCKOfl peaKmtH nap-ran GojibuiesHKo® ywejio Hcnojib30Bajia jieranbHue h wejieraJibHbie b o s m o j k b o c t h rjih ynpo- qeiiHH cbsi3h c MaccaMH, cruiaquBana h roroBHJia TpynamHxcn Bcex HaHHOHajibHocrefl P o c c h h k peBOJiiou,noHHoft 6opb6e c 10caMoaepJKasHeM h KanHTaji«3MO.M, h 6o ona npeaBHaeaa HeH3- 6e>KHOCTb HOBoro peBoa uHOHHoro noaiiewa. JleHTe.ibHOCTbio ScwibuieBHiKOB b iieHTpaJibHbrx oGjiacrax P o c c h h h «a ee OKpamiax pyKOBOflHJi UeHTpajibHufl KoMHTer CojibmeBHKOB b o rjiase c B. H. JleHHHbl'M6. rioaBOAH wror npofifleHHowy 3a r o a u peaiom« nyra, Uenr- pajIbHUH K oMHTCT GOJlblJIeBHKOB B «H3BeiHeHHH» O COCTOHBIlieflCn B 1912 r. npawcKofi KOHipepeHUBH P C f l P n y«a3biBaJi: «yueaeao He TonbKO 3H3MH poccHHCKoii c.-a., ee nporpaMMa, ee peBoaiouHOH- Hue 3aBero, yueaena ee opraHH3anHsi, Koropyio m o t .i h noapbiBatb h ocaaGjiHTb, h o He m o t h h ciibcth aoraa HHKa«He npecaeaoea- HHH»7. AOKyMeHT Ks 137. lOKyneiiTu MsNs 30, 192 h ap. aoKyMeHTbi KeHi 17, 38, 47, 148 h ap. 6 Cm . aoKyMeHTU J'&Ns 1539,, 19, 35, 63, 83, 155, 246, 247. S 6 Cm . aOKyMeHT J6 319. “ 92, 99 h ap. 7 KnCC B pe30JIK>UHHX H p KOHcpepeimafi h ruieHyMoi* UK, K3a. 7, q. I, crp. 267.

IlpeAHcjioBHe Vlt floKy.MeHThi cBHflerejibCTByioT o pyxoBoacrae UeiiTpa.ibiioro KoMHTera P C flP n coiuiaa-aeMOKpaTHHecKiiMH opramwauHSiMH h rpynnaMH b Ka3axcra«e, xoropwe b Tsnxeabix ycjiOBHax noa- no.ibH npoaoajxaaH peBojnoaHomiyio pafioxy, HaaawHBaaH CBH3H, BocCTaHaBJiH'BaaH nejiera.nbHbie opramraaumi, ooenpaan cboh CHJibi aaa aaJibHefiiuefl Gopbfiw. nporHB caMoaepwaBHa1, HecMorpa Ha Teppop h npecjieflOBanHa, couhaa-aeMoxpara KasaxcTana bo- 3o6hobhjih peBoawuHOHHyio pa-Gcrry cpean rpyaaiunxca. BcKope nocjie TperbeHiOHbCKoro rocyaapCTBewHoro nepeBopoTa BHOBb H aiaaa cbokd aeirreabHOCTb YpaabCKan opra«H3am«j PCflPn, q-ro noflTBepwaawT raaaHHbie eio bo Bropofi noaoBHHe 1907 h b Haqaae 1908 r. npomiaMamiH, pacnpocrpaHaBiuHeca b ropoae h ofijiacTH. B b hx y p aabcxaa opraiiH3au.Ha PCflPIl npH- 3biBajia paOoqwx h KpecTban k oGieOTHemno aoxpyr napTRH SoHbtueBHKOB b 6opb6e npoTHB caMoaepwaBHH21.* B nepBOMaflcKofl npoxaaManHB 1908 r. oTMeqaaocb: «Hain» chjih, nocae OTqaanHOH HepaBiioiS 6apb6w, onona coCHparorca! C»OBa p a c iy r npo.nerapCKKc oprawH3auHH, xon> h TeoHo to noa- nojibe, b KOTOpoe 3arHaao hx caiMoaepwaoHe. CnoBa paMXH noa- noaba aonHyr ot HaKonHBUieftca OHaw h Heroao®awHs. H b 9Toft BTopnqHofi 6opW5e, .m m rayfioxo yBepenu, noGeaa 6yaeT 3a H a nyCaHKyeMbix b cGopnuxe aoxyMeHTOB Baano. qto ypaab- CKOft opra«H3auHe0 PC ZlPfl pyxoooaHa Komhtct, cocromuHfi h» 5 qaenoB. Opraim 3auna p a3aeaaaacb a a xpyjxxH, KOTopwe Bean nponaraway mapxcHcrcxHx naeft cpean paOoqax rop. ypaabcxa h «cpeaH npHmawx pa6oq«x, MaccaMH npWjwBaiomHx b ypaabcxyio ofiaacTb Ha noaesw e pa6oTW», b qHcae KOTopwx 6wa« TpyaamHe- ca Ka3axH, 6aiuxnpbi, TaTapbi h ap- y * e b xoHpe 1907 r. 3Ta opra- HH3auHa HMeaa noanoabHyio T»norpa<|>mo, rae neqaTaaacb npo- KaaMauHH h a p y ra a napTHHHaa aHTepaTypa4. n o HHHUHaTHBe ypaabcxoft opraHjreaiiHH P C JlP n b rop. ypaabcxe Swan C03aaHH npocjjeccHOHaabHwe cokmu: jxeae3Boao- Pohchwx pa<5oqnx MacrepcxHx h aeno h meaeaHoaopoHCHux cay- JKauiHx npH aeno. ypaatcxaa couHaa-aecvioKpaTHMecKaa opraHH- 3auHa HanpaBaaaa paOoTy h apyrax npo^ieccffoha n m u x cok>30b h oSwecra b rop. ypaabcxe h ypaabCxoS o&iacTH5. n o a pyxoBoacTBOM ypaabcxoft opraHH3aiuiH PC ,Q Pn paCoTa- aa yqeHHqecxasi opramraauHn rop- ypaabcxa, xo-ropaa Beaa peBO- aiouHOHHyio pa^ofy cpean yqa-mefioa MoaoaejxH, poanreaefi h 1 Cm. aoxyMenra 26, 45, 54, 64, 219, 319 h ap. 2 Cm. aoKyMernw -Ni.Vs 1, 3, 16, 24. NbN°1 Cm. aoxyMeaT Ns 24. * Cm. aoKVMeiiTU J*?* 43, 51. 1 Cm. aoxyMemu 43, 152 h ap-

VIII npeflf 6w jia TecHO CBS3aHa c p cbojiiouhohwhimm opra»H3au.HHMH mojio- jeWH Mockbh h C aparoBa1. B KOtme 1907 r. Boccrau2bjihbaioTCH c o u h a.i-neMoicparHae- CKHe o pram raausm b Typ KecTah-c k o m Kpae. B npoKJiaM au»n Tam­ ileHTCKoro KOMHTCTa P C ilP n « r p a w a a « e » , BbinymeHHoft b fl«<a6- pe 1907 r., coo6m ajiocb, h t o nocjie aerbipexM ecsriHoro nepepwBa 9Ta opraHH3aii,Ha TaioKe b o s o Ohobhji a cbo io nesrr&nbHOCTb21. OaHOBpeiMewHo 6 biaa BoccTaHOB.'ieiia HepHaeBCKaa (H’hm k c h t - CKaa) opraHHsauHH POUPIT, b o 3o 6h o b hjih paCory counaji-aeMo- KpaTM b rop. BopHOM h apyrHX r opoaax TypKecraHCRoro Kpaa3. B aeRaOpe 1907 r . komhtbt TauiKeMTCKofl opra«H 3aujw PC ZIPn itpeanpHHa.1 nonbincy co3BaTb BceTypKecTaHCKyio koh- 4>epeHumo PCJIPrr fljia oO-beflUHeHiiH couha ji-/ieMoxp athicckax opraw H sauafl K paa b o a n o uejioe, co3fla»H a K paeB oro KOMHTCTa h neaanHoro o p r a n a . n o 3TOMy n o so a y O praH K3auH on«aa komhc- CHa ofipaTHinacb c onoBemeHHeM k opraHHsauHaM PCHPIT Typ- KecTaHCKoro Kpaa4.* B cbh3h c apecroM pyKOBOAHTeJieft OpraHH- 3aitHOIIIIo8 KOMHCCHtt KOK^iepeHUHH H€ COCTOBJiaCb. Coima.n-aeMOKpaTHMecKHe oprawHsauHa TypRecraH a npoBOOT- jih peBoaronHoimyio p a O a ry cpean >K&7ie3Ho,aapo>khux p a 6o*nrx a Apyrax cjioob HaceaeHHa Kpaa. 1 M aa 1908 r. TaiUKeirrcKoii opra- HH3auHoft P C Z I P n <5bum BbinymeHH nepBOMaftcKae npoKJiawauHH, KOTopue Taxace pacnpocTpawajiHcb b nepoBcice n apyrnx ropo- aax lOacHOro Ka3axcrana°. ComiaA-A«MOKpaTH>iecKBe opraHH3a- Uhh paonpocrpanaJiH b TypKeeraHe, b tom queue b IOxchom Ka3axcTa«e h © CeMHpeabe, nocraHOBJte™a h pe3oaiouHH IV h V cT>e3AOB PC/lPn, npoH3 Be,aeHHa K- M a p a c a , 0. SHrenbca, B. H. JIoHHHa h napTHHHyio JiarepaTypy. B rop. BepHOM cymecT- Bosaji h /icftcTBOBaa h b 1911— 1912 it . couhaji-aomokpaTfroecuHil KpyacoK, vto noATBep*aaeTca AOKyMeHTaMH cOopHHKa6. JleaTejibHOCTb coitHaji-AeMOKpaTHqecKHx opraHH3aunft « Kpy*- k o b b TypKecTaHCKOM Kpae nanpa©jisijiacb TauiKeHTCKHM Kownre- TOM P C ^ P n . IleHTpoM peBojirouHOHHoro ABwacemma © 3ana;w ofi C©6 Hpn h b CeBepo-BocToanoM K asaxcraae 6 biii rop. Oimck, bbahbuihBcb To m a no.THTHqecKUM, ripOMbiuuiemibm « KyabTypnuM u,eHxpoM CTenHoro Kpaa « A kmojihhcko8 o 6jiacTH. 0 0io n o ‘aK BHinHO 1,3 nyfi-iwKyeMbix b o6opKHKe A «yMeHT B, ysce c 19U9 r. cottHaji-AeMOKparm ecKaa opraiHH3anwH b O mckc npo®o- 1 Cm. flOKyMeirra J\\sW» 36, S3, 65. 2 Cm. AOKyMeiiTbi MoJfe 6, 12. s Cm. flOKyMewTH 12, 26, 27 4 Cm. AOKyMeKT Ns 7. s Cm. AOKyMeiiT N» 27. 6 Cm. floxyMeHTu NsN» 349, 361.

Typa, a TaKHce npoasBeaeiniH K. MapKca, B . H . JleHHua, K. J1h6k- ■ Hexta, A. BeGejia h a pyrae1. B oKTfl^pe 1908 r. b ro p . CeMwnaaaTHHCKe couaaa-aeMOKpa- TaMH pacnpocTpa'Hajiacb npoKJiaMauira P Q H P n c p ea a coaaaT c npn3hiBOM k 6 opb6e npoTHB caMoaepsKaBHH, 3 a couaaaacTHHeeKHfl CTpOfi2. Ha ycrb-KaMeHoropcKoft npacTana b Hon6pe 1910 r. H. Kafi- ropoaiieBWM pacrrpocTpamuiacb paOora B . H . JlenH«a «Ilepe- CMOTp arpapiiofi riporpaMMM paOoaeft napTHH»3. PeBoaloiiHOHHyio pafkrry cpeaa paSoaax OpeH<5yprcK0-Taui- KeHTCKOft >Kejie3H0ft aopora h nacejieHHH Typraflcxofi 06- aacTH Beaa OpeHOyprcKaa couHaji-aeMOKpaxHHecKaa opraHH3auH». B KOHue a n p ea a 1908 r. Opcn6yprcKHM komhtctom P C J lP n b OpeHGyprcKHM ofiineropoflCKHM KOMHTeTOM <5buiH H3aa«bi npo- KJiaMapHH « f la 3apaBCTByer 3a6acroB Ka 1 M afl», TapaxcoM 1000 SKseMnjiapoB, h «1 Man®, rapajKOM 2 0 0 0 araeM naapoB , Koropwe pacnpocrpaHaaHCb c p e a a T pyaaiunxcn. I Maa b6jib3H ro p . OpeH- 6 y p ra couHaa-^eMOKpaTaMH 6hoi npoBeaeH MHTHiir, n a kotopom npHcyrcTBOBajio BHaaHTejibJtoe KOJiHaecrao paO o'iax OpeH6yprcK0- TauiKeiiTCKofl aceaesHon a o p o ra . M hthhp fiu a pa3ornaH noaauaeft4. Bojibiuyio nponarawAwcTCKyio pafioTy o p e aa rpy aaiu n x ca TaTap, SauiKHp a aasaxoB b rop. O pew Sypre h TypraficKofl o&ia- cth b 3to BpeMa npoBoaaa CoabnieBHK X. HMameB6. CouHaa-AeMOKpanwecKHe opraHH3auaiH TypKecraHCKOro Kpaa, y p a a b c a a a o p raw raa p aa PC.fl.Pn, BepHeHcxaft KpywoK PC,flPn a ap. noanepacHBajia CBa3b c HearrpajibWbiM a rieTep6yprcKHM KOMHTeraMa P Q flP n , c ycpuMCKoft, TomckoS, CaMapcKoa a apy- raMH couaaa-aeMOKpaTH'iecKHMH opraHH3aiiHHMH, n o a y aa aa ot- Tyaa napTHmiyio aaxepaT ypy, 6 ojiMiieBacrcKae r a se rw «FIpojie- Tapafis, «P a 6 o a ee 3Hawa» a apyrae. ConHaa-aeMOKpara'iecnaS KpyiKOK b rop. Bep'HOM n o a y aa a nporpaiMMbi npyxcKOBofi napTHfi- Hoft pa6oTbi, peBoaionaoHHyio HexeraabHyio jiHTeparypy H3 C.-fleTepCypra, KOTopaa Taione n p eaH aaH aaaaacb a « a a a boAok, HHopoaueB®6. riyCjiHKyeMbie b cCopaMKe craT ba h KoppecnoHaeHu»H H3 • 6oabmeBBCTCKHx ra 3 e r «3Be3aa» « «H p aB aa» raioK e csaaeTejib^ CTByioT o pynoBoaameft poaa 6owbiue®acTCKoft napTH'H, ee uenT- pajibHbix opraHOB neaaTH b aeaTanwrocTM M ecriiux napTaftHbix opram reauafi. B CeManaaaTBHCKe a a p y ra x ro p o aa x Ka3axcra«a AOKyMeHT Ns 28. AOKyMeRT Ns 52. aoKyMeiiT Vs 245. AOKyMeHT .Vs 32. AOKyMeHT Ns 266. AOKyMeHTbi AW? 26, 54, 64, 91, 181. 219 H Ap.

XI 6bum KOppecnoiifleHTbi «npaBflbi»'. MecTHHe ooimaji-fleMOKparH- qecKHe opraHH3auHH h nepeaoBbie paGowe nensumcb Koppecnon- jenTaMH, no/inHCMHKaMH «3Be3flM» h «npaBAM», MaiepHaJibHO «x noanepxHBajiH12. B ConbiueBHCTCKHX ra3eTax «3Beana» a «IIpaBAa» ocBemajiocb 3ko;rowimecKoe h noain’H’reCKOe noaoHce- hhb TpyasimHxcH w acc b Kasaxcrane, Taxceabie ycaoBHa hcmshh KpecTbiiH OeAHHKOB-nepecejieHneiB, MecxHoro Hacejiemtn, GopbGa paGoqHx, coaaaT, Kpecrbsm ayjia « aepeBBH nporwB napcKoro caiMoaepHcaBWi3. floKyMeiiTbi cGopMHKa pHcyroT KapTHny rsDK&noro SKOHOMHHe- CKoro « npasoBoro nojicoKemBi paGoHHx ® Kaaaxcrawe, noKa3H- saiOT h x GopbGy npOTWB npeanph humaTeaefi, oOteAHiieiiHe paGo- i hx c arofl lxejibK) b npo<f>coio3bi, BceB03pacTaiowee BJiHHHue couHaji-AeMOKparH'iecKwx oprawH3au.Hii opejtH paGomx. BMecTe c TeM o h h xapaKTepH3yioT coBMecrayio GopbGy pyccKKx h Ka3ax- c k h x paSoBHX npoxHB uapCKoro caMoaepwaBtra h npeanpuHHMa- 3 KciuiyaTahhh paCcwHx b Ka3axcTane b tot nepHoa eme 60- a ee ycHJiHaacb. Ha pyaiiHKax Kapcaxnaa h A*e3-Ka3raHa HHOCTp3HHbIG npeanpHHWMaTeAH yBCJTOTH.TH pa,60«IHfi OCHb flO 10 h Gojiee BacoB. fl.HeBHoft 3apa6crroK paGoq«x 3a « x KaTopwiibift Tpya cocraBAHJi ecero ot 80 kob. a o 1 pyG. 20 «on. B cymecTByio- uxhx npH pyaHHKax Jiasicax penbi na TOBapu nepBofi Heo6xo.au- tMocTH 6hjih HenaMepHO BbicoKH'. TaKoe ace n<wioace»He Gujio «a KaparaHAHHCKBx KaMeHHOyrojibHbix .KOriax, na pyaHincax «Hhko- Jiafis, «OcHOBaTejibHbifi» h apyrax, rae paGonne, npe»MywecTBeH- iio Ka3axH, He n<xnyqan b TeneHne 2 —3 wecsmeB 3apa6oTByio naa- Ty, BbPHyacaenhi Ghjih GpaTb y irpeanpBHHMaTeaeft b Kpeajrr npoayKThi, cTOHMocTb kotopux Gbijxa b 2—3 pa3a Bwnie oGw-mofl. BmoBbie ycaoBHH paGoqnx GbiaH KpafiHe TsacejibiMH4. H a ’-loKnapKyabCKHx KaMeHHoyroabHwx kouwx b TypraflcKOM ye3ae, Kaic h Ha MHorcix apyritx rnaxTax Ka3axcTa«a, pa6oqne npoH3BoanjiH noa3eMHbie paGonj b paGosix, rae He XBaTaao khcjio- poaa, orcyrcTBOBaJia 9JieMeHTapHaa TexiiHKa 6e3onacHOCTH, hto Bejio k MaccoBUM HecaacTHhiM cayaaHM5. OooGeiwo acecTOKofi 3KcnjiyaTaun« no®BeprajiHCb paGoque- Ka3axH. 3 a BbinoaHewHe oahoto « Toro xce enaa paGoTbi ohh no- ayqaaH ropa3ao Mewbuiyio onaary, asm pyccRHe paGowe. Tax, Ha HeipTHHux npoMwcaax «3M6a» h «JJoccop» pyccKne lepnopaCoiHe noayqaaH 95 Ron. 3a OMeHy, a paGorae-Kaaaxu toabko 75 non. HeBbmocHMMMH 6burn jkhahihhbte y c m m m «a3axoB. Ha sthx npo- 1 Cm .xoicyMeHT Nb 271. 2 C m.aoicyMeHTH fftW? 265. 279, 291 H ap. 8 Cm .aoKyMeHTM NbJ-f\" 265, 268, 275, 280, 286, 293 H ap. 4 Cm .aoKyMCHTU 38, 148, 332 h ap. 8 C m.aoKyMCHra 38, 335.

XII Mbicjiax, na Kapara'Hfl««CKMX KaMemioyroAbHbix Konax, CnaccxoM MeaeiuiaBH^bHOM saeoAe, y.cneiicKOM. pyaHWKe h Apyrax npea- npHHTHax pa6o*jHe-Ka3axH lom nucb b rpasH ux, cbipwx 3eMji»HKax h o6 uihx Ka3apMax‘. 1-Ia CnaccxoM MeflenjiaBHJibHOM saooA e pa<x>qnH aeHb pa>6o- qwx-Ka3axoB np« iuaxTHbix ne'iax cocTabaha 12 u 6 o a ee qacoB*. 1-Ia Cn6npcKoft >Kejie3Hoii AOpore, rAe paOoTaAH ra x w e a pa6o- qne-K33axH, toahko b 1911 r. 6 hao y6HTO h HCKajieqeHO okoao 800 pa6orax a cjiyjKamnx3. B Haqajie 1908 r. Ha pyAHHKe «yAaAHft» b ycTb-KaMeHOrop- ckom ye3Ae pa6o*mM-Ka3axaM peaxo chh3hah pacueHKH. B npo- uieitHH ropHOMy moKetiepy Cxemioro lOHfuoro ropHoro oxpyra paScwHe sTprc pyA'HWKa nncaAK, wto ohh «He b chabx nepe«€CTH Bee 6e33aKOHHbie AeficTBBa npHHCKOBoro npaBAewHa h ac8ctbhh caMHX BAaAejibueB npnHCKa»4. TajKeAue roAu cTOAbinHHCKoft peaKUHH ne caomhah boaio pa- 6 o*thx Ka3axcTa«a. riyOAHKyeMbie aok/ mchtbi nowaabiBaioT, qro yw e b 1908 r. b otbct Ha penpeccua npeflnpHHWMaTene8 paCoqHe, b tom HHCAe h pa6oqHe-Ka3axH, pHAa npeAnpuaraft Ka3axcTaHa OTBCTHAH 3a6aCTOBKaMH H npeATjaMCHHOM 3KOHOMHH6CKHX Tpe- 60BaHHfl. 19 MapTa 3a6acTOBaAH 6oAee 200 pa6oAHx-Ka3axoB Ha pyA««- Ke «yAaAbift» b ycTb-KaMeHoropcKOM yeaAe, Tpefiya npafiaoKH 3apa6oTHoft ruia-ru. ToAbKO nocAe yAOBAerBopeHHH npeAnpmPHMa- TeAHMH HX BKOHOMHieCKHX TpeSOBaHHft OHH 2 3 MapTa BHOBb npH- CTynHAH k pa6oTe5. B Mae 1908 r. b cbhsw e MaccoBbiMH yBOAbHemraMH npoHCxo- ahah BOAHeHHa cpeAH paGoanx Ha ct. IlepoBCK6. C 3 no 7 hk>a8 1908 r. OacTOBaAH pa6oiHe-Ka3axH Ha KaparaHAHHCKHX khmohho- yroAbiibix nonax, npefl'bHBHB npeAnpHHHmaTeAhm paA aKOHOMHae- ckhx Tpe6oBaHHfl. 3aCacroBKa 6biAa pa3rpoMAeHa noAHuneft, a AKTHBHEje yqactHHKH 3a6acTOBKH 6biAH apecxoBaHbi7. B anpeAe 1909 r. b OTBeT « a yBonuHeHHe 450 pa6oq«x Kapa- raHAHHCKHx KaMenHoyroAbHbrx Koneft BHOBb naqaAHCb BOAHeHHa cpeAH pagoqHx. Jlnuib apecT pyKOBOAHreAefl h aKTHBHbtx yqacr- hwkob BOAHeHHfl BHHyAHA paSo^Hx KaparaHAbi npHcrynHTb k pa- OOTe . B ceAe BoroAyxoBCKOM rieTponaBAOBCKoro ye3Aa b HioHe 1909 r. 6acTOBaAH paGoqne, 3anaTbie Ha CTpoHTeAbCTBe nAOTHHH9. AOKyMeHTbi MiM6 316, 344 h AOKyMeHTH AW8 328, 330, AOKyMCHT Mi 177. AOKy.MeHT Mi 20. AOKyMCHTU NsNs 17, 20, 23, 25. AOKyMeHT Mi 30. AOKyMeHTH MiMi 38, 47. AOKyMeHTH MiMi 82, 85. AOKyMeHTMi 101.

npeflBca XIII ynoj>Hbi8 xapaKTep Hocana saOacTOBKa pa6o>iHx-Ka3axoB Ha pyAHHKax «HitKo,iaii» h «OcHOBaTejibiihiH» b ycTb-KaMeiHoropcKOM ye3Ae, npoAOAjKaBuiaaca c HonSpa 1909 T. no HHBapb 1910 r.1 B 1908— 1909 rr. b aAMHHHcrpaMBHbix neHTpax OrenHoro Kpaa h AkmojihhckoiI o&riacTH — rop. Omcko, TypraficKoft o6na- cth— rop. OpeH<5ypre, TypxecTaiHCKoro Kpaa a Cwp-flapbimcKofl o&nacTH — rop. TaoiKeHTe npoxoAHAH 3aoacroBKH patfotax, Koiopue OKa3ajiH 6ojibinoe bjihhhhc Ha xoa peBomouHCHHofi 6opb6bi paSo’iHx Bcero Ka3axcraHa2. 3a6acTOBOHHoe ABHxceHHe pa6o<ntx ona3hiBajio bahhiiho h fia M6/7KHX COScreeHHMKOB, O H0M CBHASTeAbCTByiOT 3a6acroB- KH H3B031HKOB B TOpOAaX CeMHnajiaTHHCKe, BepiIOM h Mhm- B xoAe peBOAioiiHOKHofl OopbObi pocjio foiaccoeoe caMoccraiia- hhc pa<x»HHx KaaaxcraHa, noBHinajiacb yBepemrocTb b tom, hto rojibKo hx coBMecriiaa 6opb6a mokct npiiBecTH k ocBoSoHtaeHwo ot SKcnayaTanHH. PeayjibTaTOM stoto ABHAocb oSieAHHOHHe pa- 6o*)hx b npo^jeccHOHaAbHbie ook)3bi, opraHHaoBaHHbie no mhh- naaxHBe couhaa -flemoKpanwecKHx opraHH3au,Hft. B stot nepaoA Oojibinyio pa<>OTy cpeAH patSoiax npoBoamra npotpeocHonajibHbie C0I03bI *ejie3HOA0pO)KHbIX paOoWHX H CJiyjKamHX B rop. ypajlb- CKe, ripo^JecoHOHajibHufl ook)3 pa-OcwHX-KaMOHOTecoB CeMHpeneH- ckoh ofiaacTH b rop. BepnoM, CoMHnajiaTHHCKoe npcxpeccHOHaAh- Hoe oOmecTBO CAjOKamax ToproBO-npoMbiuMeHBbix npeAnpasiTHS h Apyrae4. C aera 1910 r. b Pocohh HaAmaerca hobuh pesoAtoahohhu8 noATsOM. KaK yKa3biBaA B. H. JIshhh: «Mhcao 3kohomhm6ckhx CTaaeHHHKOB eoapacraer a BoapacraeT o*ieab chauho. rioAOca noAHoao roonoACTBa MepHocoTeHHoa peaKUHH KoiwHAacb. Haaa- Baerca noaoca hoboto noA\"beMa»5.- B cHjiy ocofieHHOCTefi SKOHOMinecKoro h noAHTaaecKoro pa3- BHTHa Ka3axcTana kak koaohmh uapCKOa Pocchh, rAe ocoSshho CHAbHblMH 6bIA SKOHOMHSeCKHfi PHOT H nOAHTHaCCKOG 'CeOnpaBHe TpyAHiuaxca, noAteM pa6oaero abhjkchhh meA c HeKOTopuM ono- 3AaHHOM no CpaBHOHHK) C UeHTpaAbHOft PoCCHeft. KaK BHAHO H3 noMemeHHUx b o6op«nKe AOKyiMOHTOB, b 1910—1911 rr. b Ka3ax- crase mtenn Mecro Jitiuib ornejibHue 3a6acroBKit paCoiMx. B ijieBpaAe 1910 r. 6acTOBaAH KeAe3HOAopownbie paficwHc OpeH- 6ypra, b aerycre 1910 r. no npaiHue MacooBoro yBOAb«eH«a boa- HOBaAHCb padosae ct. AktioChbck6. Cm .AOKyu&HTu KsM 119, 148. Cm]AOKyMeHTM 110, 243,'274.\" *P' Cm,AOKyMeHTN MJft 21, 22, 40, 68, 151, 1S2 Hm. B. H. JleHHii. Com.,t. 16, ctd.327. Cm.aoKyMeiiT 192.

XrV npeniicjioaHe B HI0H6 1911 r. nponcxoflH^a coBMCCTHas 3a0acroBKa pycctoix 6 06h Ka3axcKHx paGomix Ha pyAHHKax aKUHOHepnoro oOwecrBa «Ar acapcKHX m eAiibix fconefl>, npeflT>HBHBiUHX npeAnpHHHMaTe- a s m Tpe&OBaHHH yBeJiHMeHHH 3apa6oTHo8 ruiaTbi'. 3aMeTHoe oiK-HB-neHHC 3aGaeroBO'iHoro jibhjkbhhsi pa6o<iHx b Kasaxcraae nponcxo/uiT b 19 12 — 19 1 3 rr. B orBeT Ha J ImickhS paccTpea 2 w as 19 12 r. 3a0acroBaji« paGoiHe 3aB0Aa PaHflpyn b rop. OMcxe, b Mae—HKwe 19 12 r. GacTOBaJiH paGomte napoBHx MejifaHHu b rop. CeMHnajiarHHCKe, rmiorpacficKHe paGo’ine b rop. ypajibcxe h Apyrae2. C 12 no 15 Mas 1 9 1 2 r. Ha CnaccnoM 3aBOAe aKUHOHepHoro oGmecTBa «CnaccKHx ueAHux pyA» 6acTOBaan pa0oHHe-Ka3axH, TpeGya tiOBbimeuBs 3apaGoTHoft njiarw. Oiffi npHCTynHas k paGcrre JiHiub nocjie yBejitraenHs ynpaBJieHHeM 3a- Boaa 3apa6oTHofl nJiarbi3. B cepeaHHe M as 1912 r. Ha noKpoBCKOM pyaHH«e aKUKOirep- Horo oGiuecTBa «AT6acapcKHx MeAHbix Konefi» necKOJibKO AHefi GacTOBaaH 256 paGoiHx, Koropbie npHcrynsum k paGore TOAbKO nocjie yAOBJierBopeHHs hx TpeGoBaHHH4. JXaxe ocjjHunajibmje ra- 3eTbi «TypKecTaHCKHfi Kyphep*, «OmckhA BecTHiiKs, Koropue pac- npocrpaHSAHCb b Ka3axcTaHe, BbiHywAeHbi Gmah npn3iiaBaTb bahs- HHe aeHCKHx coGhthh na pa6o’iee ABHweHHe b Ka3axeraHe5. B 1913 r. b o mhoi-h x MecTax Ka3axcTaHa, Ha caMwx pa3AHi- Hbix npeAnpHSTHsx BcnbixHBajm 3a6acTOBKH paGoiHx6. OieAyeT npH 3TOM OTMGTHTb 3a6acTOBKy 210 paGoiHX B rop. AKTI06HHCKe, HaHSTbix Ha crpoHTe.nbCTBO OpeHGyprcKO-OpcKOii >nejie3HOii a o - pOrH, COBMeCTHyiO 3a6aCT0BKy pyCOKHX H Ka38XCKHX paOOHHX 06- 2 8mecTBa «3M6a» Ha floccope, npoAOAHcaBiuyiocH co no hiohs 1913 r., nsTHAHeBHyK> 3a6acTOBity HepHopa6oHHx-Ka3axoB maxT- Hbix nenefi Ha CnaccxoM MeAenjiaBmibHOM 3aBOAe7. Bosbiuas lacTb nyGjiHKyeMux b cGopHHKe AoxyMeHTOB xapax- TepH3yeT arpapnoe a s h w c h h c cpeAH TpyasiuHxcs Macc ayna n AepCBHH. A rpapnas nojiHTHKa napn3Ma Gbuia HanpaaneHa Ha coxpa- HeHHe noMeuiHHbero 3eMAeBAaAeHHS, co3AaHiie h o b o IS counaAbHofi onopw b AepeBHe b AHue Ky;iaKa 3a cseT orpaG aeim s ocraAbHoft Maccw KpecrbSHCTBa. 3 r y 3aAany h AOAJKHa Gbi.na BbinoAHHTb eroAbinHHCKaa arpapHas peijiopMa, KOTOpas Gbijia nocneAHHM waroM uapcKoro npaBHTejibCTBa n a nyTH npeBpameiiHs P occhh b GypscyasHyio MoHapxHio. flOKyMeHTU JWB z. aoKyweHT J* 331. BOKyMeHT Ks 331. aoxyMeHT; aoKyMeBT _______ ____ __ aoKyiieRTu KM 323. 325', 31

0TKa3b:Bamicb n^STHTb HenocHJibHbie najiorH -h noAaTH, npoH3Bo- flmiii caMoaoabHbie nopyGicH lraw ro ro y hhx jieca, oica3UBaAH Boopywemioe conporHBAeHHe GasiM-(|)COAaAaM, MecTHofl aAMHHHCT- OTJlHIHTejlI.HOfi MepTOH Gopbfibl Ka32XCKOH OeflHOTbl HBAHAaCb noaa'ia hmh uapCKOii ajiMHWHCTpaiXHH M'HoroiHCJieinibix waAoG h npomen»ft c npoTecroM nponiB SKcn.iyaTauHH hx (jteofla.ibHO- GaftcKoii BepxyuiKoft ayjia’. 3 th 3Kajio6N m npouiemifl lacTO Ha- HBHbl. npOBHKHyTM BepOH B TO, HTO UapCKaS ajTMHHHCTpaiUTB VO- WeT H36aBKTb HX OT M6CTHHX 3KCIUiyaTaTOpOB. TaK, Ka3aXH- 1GeaHHKH ayjia Ni KonaabCKoro yeaaa b waAoOe ye3«HOMy 4 1908 3HanajibHHKy or HHBapn r. na npon3oo.i MecTHofi amhhh- cTpauHH nffcaAH: «ripocHM Bac paccAeAOBaTb waAoGy no Ha- oieMy npouieHHio chmhm h ne nopyvarb Bo.iocTnoMy ynpasH- rio Mepe pocra wiaccoBono cMNCoaflaaM TpyasmiHecu ayaa ot naccKBHwx $opM GopbGu nocreneHHO era-in nepexoAHTb k skthbiioh 6opb6e npoTHB uapH3Ma h «cbohx» SKcriAyaTaTopoB 6acB-<|)eofla.TOB. Ka3axcKHe Kpecrbsme hctah fiaBcKHe shmchbkh, OTi<a3WBa.iHCb o r yiuia n i (JieoflaAbHbix noOopoB. B anpejie 1910 r. Ka3axH ^OKiaHCKofi boaocth flaBAonapcKoro ye3na co- wt.ih 3HMOBKy 6an MoroMCeroBa. B hkjhb 1911 r. a AbmojibhckoB oSaacTH Ka3axH noAOWrAH AecHbie yiacTKH mecTHOCTH cTeMHue 1912Ka3a*ibero BoiicKa. B aBrycre 6opKH», KOTOpblO y HHX SlJJIH H3T>HTbI BepxylUKOfi C'lf&HpCKOrO r. rpynna Ka3axos (okojio 70 3 3lejioQCK) KaparbracKoft boaocth A kmo ahhok oto ye na pa - 3rpowiuia HMOBKH BOJIOCTHOrO ynpaBHT&Hfl, yHHHTOJKHJia npn 3 .3Tom nojiaTHHe AOKyMemu h t. a Bee OoAbine h Combine ocBoGojKAaacb ot haak)3Mh, Ka3axcKoe itace.ieHiie BcrynaAO b aicnrBHyio 6opi»Gy npoTHB uapcKOH aAMH- HHcrpaiiHH. Ka3axH Prafimiicitofi boaocth BepHencKoro ye3Aa OKaaa.'iii conporHBJiewie Tonorpacpy. B 3t om BblCTytiAeHmi aKTHB- Hoe ynacTHe npHHHMaAH weHiuHHbi-Ka3aiaKH4. noAoSmje we BucTynAeiiHA b stot nepHOA HMejra MecTO b YpajibCKoft, CeMwna- AaTHiicKoB, Cbip-flapbHucKOfi, CeMHpeiencKofi, A ktk>6hhc ko8 ofijiacTHx h ByueeBCKOM xaHcrse5. HepeAKo BHCTynAemKi TpyAAiUHXCH ayAa nepexosHAH b bo- 1000opyweHHyio 6opb6y npoTHB SKCnAyaxaTopoB. Ta«, b rop. Typrae xa3axn AHCAeumocTbio okoao HeAOBeK « anaah Ha Mecrayio ' Cm. noKyMeirru .N»M> 44, 57,- 62, 67, 71, 75, 98, 100, 106, 109, 113, 115, 118. 130, 131, 132 h Ap. 3 Cm. flOKVMenT J& 8. 3 Cm. AoxyMePTMMM 168, 235, 289 « Ap. * Cm. aokvmmt 18. 3 Cm. AOKyMeHTbi J*J» 31, 159, 176. 184, 189, 226. 227, 228, 285, 352, 364 h AP-

XV UapcKHfl yna3 ot 9 HonCpn 1906 r., b kotopom Oujih H3Aoa<e- Hhl OCHOBHbie IIOAOHteHHH CTOAbtnHHCKOft arpapHOfl pec|)Op.Mb!, 3a- koh ot 14 Hioiifi 1910 t., HanpaBJieHHbiA na ycKopeHHe nacHAbCT- B6HHOTO pa3pymeHHIH 0 6IUHHW H BbIXOAa KpeCTbBH H3 oGlUHHbl Ha xyropa h w p y S a , TaK »e nan h penpeccHH nporH® peBOAiounoH- Hbix paCcwHX h KpecTbHH, npecjieAOBajiH OAHy ucjib — npeAOTBpa- THTb HOByro peBOAIOUJIIO B PoCCHH. B CBH3H c oOocTpeHHeM arpapnoro Bonpoca h ycHABBiiiMMCH KpeCTbHHCKHM ABHHieHHCM B POCCHH UapCKOe npaBHTejlbCTBO CAO- aa.no pe3KHfl noBopoT b nepeceaeHiecKofi nojrHTHKe. B nepeceae- HHH KpecTbHH 'Ha OKpaHHH CTpaHbl OHO yCMaTpKBaAO OAHO H3 6cpeACTB, c noMombio xoToporo mow ho bi.no npHTynHTb arpap- Hbie npoTH'BopeHHH b rycTOHaceneHHbix ryfiepMHnx EBponeficKOfl PoCOHH. Oahhm H3 pafioHO® HaHfioaee H'HTCHCirBHoro nepeceaeiniH KpecrbHhckhx x03HflcTB 6biji Ka3axcTaH. CTOJibirwiiCKasi arpap- Haa noAHTHixa b Ka3axcTaHe npOBOAHJiacb b CBoeoOpaaHbix ycno- b h h x . 3Aecb orcyTCTBOBaao noMemnibe 3eMaeBAaAewne. 3HaqH- TenbHaa qacTb ayquiHX 3©Meab k Browy BpewenH fiu a a 3axBaqeHa (J>e©AajibHO-6afiCKOfi BepxyuiKOfS ayaa, Ka3a'iecTBow, qHHOBH««a- mh napoKoft aAMWHHCTpauhh, KyjiaKaMH-crapO'iKHJis»m» . OrpoMHaa ITAOUiaAb UeAHHIlbIX H 33Jie>KHbIX 3eMe.'lb, o6pa60TaTb KOTOpyK) KpecTbHHCKaa CeAHOTa 6buia He b cnaax, ocTaBaaacb neTpoHyTofl. BBHAy 3Toro 6opb6a 3Aecb npeatue Bcero m aa 3a yace ocBoennue 3CM.nii MOKAy KpecTbflHCTBOM AepeBHH, ayaa h 3KcnAyaTaTopaMH. 6C tojibmhhckan pecpopsia e m e o a ee oCocrpHAa sth arpapHbie npoTKBopeqHH. I I oa npeaaoroM h3 * htrh «h3jthlukob» 36mah Ha- qajiocb orKpuroe pa3rpaGaoHHc y a te ocuoemibix AyquiHX xa3ax- 06CKHX H KHprHSOKHX 30MCJIb. ToAbKO B OAHOfl CoMHpCHeHCKOfl - 6a a c r a c 1906 no 1914 r. y nasaxcK oro h KHprH3CKoro HaceAeHHH biAo H3\"bHTo 2 708 226 aochthh Ayquiefi 3cmah, b tckm qHCAe OKOAO 1 'M'HAA'HOHa AOCHTHH AAH C03A3HHH Ka3«HHblX ACCllbJX Aaq, Ka'3eMHbIX OCpOHHbIX CTaTeft, XyTOpCKHX H OTpyCHhJX X03HfiCTB H T. A.1 B OrpOMHbIX MaCUlTa6 aX OCymeCTBAHAOCb H3‘bHTHe Ayq- uthx aeMeAb y TpyAOBOro Ka3axcKoro HaceaeKHsi Taione b C cmh- naAaTmtcKoft. A kmoahhckoS, TypraficKofi h Apynrx o6Aacrflx Ka3axcTana. n pnqeM , nax npaBHAo, sto H3®HTHe conpoBoa<AaAocb 66e3acaAOCTHbtM hacHAbCTBOHHbiM BWceAewHeM Ka3axcKoro Hace­ AeHHH C H3A3®Ha o aCHTOft TeppHTOpHH ® nyCTbl’HHhie pafioilbl, pa3pymeHHeM 3Hmobok 6e3 B03MemeHHH hx ctohmocth2. riposoAH na/THTHKy koaohH3aubh K asaxcrana npeatAe Bcero 1 Cm. aoKyMeHTU^fy-* 44. 116, 130, 140, 150, 173, 224, 250, 256, 257, 284 H lip.

b HHxepecax homomh’kob h nyjiaKOB, uapH3M coxpanH.n h Miiorae npHBHJierHH CiaeB-nojiyipeoAajiOB ,b ayjie. BaficTBO b cboio cwepeAb noAAepwnBajio arpapiiyio nojiHTHKy uap«3Ma b Ka3axcTane, pacuiwpaa cbom BjiaAeumi 3a c ieT 3axua- Ta ofimHHHbix 3CMcjib, o qeM cBMAerejibCTByiot nytfAHKyeMbie ao- KyMeilTbl. OrpoMiiaB snacca nepecejieHueB He nojiyqajia oCemawibix uap- CKMM npaiBHT&nbCTBaM 3eM€JIb H OKaSHBajiaCb B 6eACTBCHHOM nojroHceiiHH. B 'MHOroqHCiieimbix npmneHWHX nepecejieHueB-6 ea- HHKOB K UapCKO0 aAMHHHCTpaUHH yKa3blBa.!OCb Ha HX 6e3BblX0A- Hoe nojiojKeHHe. BeAHHKH-nepecejiOHUbi cejiewwa HoBO-rioKpOB- ckoto CcMifpeieifCKoft o6aacTH nwcajin rpa<}>y riajiewy: «ripowH- BaoM b cejieiiHH Hobo-IIokpobckom, fie/icrByoM ot HHiueTbi h 6e33eMCJIbH C AeTBMH®1- B raxoM we noAoweiiHH OKa3ajiHOb MHOTHe nepecejieimbi bo acex oC.iacTsix Ka3axcTaHa2. 3 to BbiHywAeua 6 u jia npH3Han> Aawe uapcKaa aaMHHiicTpauHH. B Rom iaRe creriHoro reHepaji-ry- CepHaTopa 3a 1909 roA yKa3HBaAOCb: «nepeceAewubi AeJiaioT 36MAS1HKH, cKopee noxow ne aia hmh, ueM « a neAOBeqecKoe wiiJibe. Ha arofi nouse h b obh3h c HeAoeAawHeM pa3BHBaioTCsi pa3Horo poAa 3a6oAeBaHHH, ywocsmuie neMa.io w ep ro*3. y * e na npmMepe Tsrwejioro nojioweuifsi repece.neHU.eB b Ka- 3axcrane mojkho bhactb, uto ctoabinHHCKan nepecejieHuecKaa nonHTHKa 3auuia b ryitHK. H e no.iyuHB o 6ema«HWX 3eMenbHbix Ha- acaob, H3MyHeHHbie h oKoimaiejibHo pa30peHHwe KpecTbune t u - cauaMH (jpoA'MH no TeppHTopHH KasaxcTana ® noncKax «cbo6 oa- hmx» 36Meju, h, ne HaftAu hx, B03BpamaAHCb o6 paTHo, B 1909 r. TOJibKo b Akmo.thhckoh otf.iacTH tfo.iee 100 tuc. KpecTbsu-nepe- ceAeHueB «b owHAaiiHH ae-Mejibiioro ycrpoficTBa ABHrajFHCb «3 ye3Aa b ye3A»1. A'lnorne TbicHHH pa3opeHHbix KpecThHH-nepecejieH- ueB Bbiirywaeiibi 6mah B03BpaiuaTbCH n a poAmiy. TojIbKO H3 OAHOfi TypraScKOH o6jiacn i b 1909 r. «bw6 hjio... 3a nenpimcKa- HHeM noAXOAHiuax yqacrKOB 14 Tbicnu nepecejieHueB»5. Taxoe w e nojioweiiHe 6buio h b Apym x o&nacrax Ka3axcrana. XapaKTepH3yii CTOJibiiiHHCKyio arpapuyio noAHTHKy, B. H . JleiiHH nHcajl: « 3 tot rpoMaAHwfl noTOK BKOHeu paaopewHbix o6panibix nepeceAeimeB c HeonpoBepwHMofl HarasiAHocTbio tobopht naM o noAHoM npaxe npaBHTejibCTBeHHOft nepeceJieirqecKoft iiojih- THKH»6. r• ' Cm. AOKyMeHT 58. , Cm. noKywenTbi JJsJfe 44. 58. 78. 127. 164, 239, 268. 272 h m 5 Cm. noKyMeHT Ws 126. * ‘ Cm. noKyMeHTJMs 127. ‘ Cm. jxoKyMCHTM 135. * B. H. TIchhh. Cot., t. 19. crp. 160.

npeflUCJIOBHB XVII A rp a p n aa nojmTmxa uapn3Ma « e tojii>ko He n o c n frjia a ejm — ocjia6.icnnH KJiaccoBux npoTHBopcmi! b aepeBHe, a, HaoOopor, em e 6 o a ee o S o crp an a hx Kan b ueiiTpe crpanu, TaK h Ha ee oKpanwax. 0 6 stom cBHjKTejibCTByioT MHoroHHcjieHHBie nySjiH- xyeMue b c6opHmce AoxyMeHTtj, xapaicrepH3yramiie 6opb6y' TpynauiHxcH pyccKHx, Ka3axoB a a p y m x naaHoiiajiMiocTeS [tax npoxHB uapcKofl aaMmiHcrpauHH, Tax h npoTHB xyjiaqecrBa h (tieoaajibHO-fiaScKofi BepxyuiKH ayjia. 3 i a 6opb6a iiocHJia cawbie pa3JIHHHbie 4>0pMbI. B nepecejieHiecKofl nepeBHe 3HaqnTejibHoe pacnpocTpanewHe noJiynHjiH TaMHe (popMu 6opb6bi, Rax OTxa3 ot pacxjiaaxH Heno- CHJibiibix HajioroB h noaaTefi, caMOROJibHaa nopyCxa JiecoB, npn- HaxueJKaiiiHx xaaHe h Kaaaibefi Bepxymxe, OTKpbrrbie Bbicrynjie- roin KpecrbHH npoTHB MecTHoft aAMHHHCTpaQHH h KyjiaKOB. Tax, xpecTbHHe bccx ceneRHfi BaJixamHuicxoB bojiocth KoxqeraBCKOro 3ye3aa xareropHnecxH orxa3ajiHCb npoH3»ecTH pacxjiaaxy xa3eH- Haix cCopoB a 1909 r .1 B anpejie 1910 r. Go/ibUiHucTBO cejibCKHx odmecTB K oxqeraBcxoro ye3Aa « cbh3h c noBbimemieM naaoroB Taxjxe oTxaaaxHCb ot hx pacxjiaaxH . I lecMOTpa. Ha npoH3BeaeH- Hbie nojiHimefi apecrbi axTHBHhix yqacTHHxoB sro ro BbicryruieHHH, xpecTbsrHe npoAoJDxajtH ynopiiyio 6 opb6y 3a cboh npaBa2. OTxa3 KpecTbHH ot pacioiaflKH noaaTefi, HajioroB h hx ynjiaTM HMeji Mecro Taxjxe b AT6acapcxoM a a p y m x y e3aax Ka3axcTaHa3. O&HHinaHHe Go/ibiueii qacrn nepecejiemieB h yciuiiiBalomeecH (oiacooBoe paccjioeime nepecejieHiecKofi Aepeae-H npwBejiH x or- XpbiTbiM BbicrynjieHHSfM xpecTbBH-6eiiHHX0B h npoTHB xyjiaiecTBa. B aBrycre 1911 r. b noceaxe UaOeneBCxoM Kycraiiaflcxoro ye3jia CeaHHKH «H3 qyBCTBa 3Jio6noro oTHome»na x 6ora<iaM» noaojxrjia hx H.viymecTBO4. B non6pe 1910 r. xpecTbXHe-GeflHHKH nocejixa rieTponaiBjroBCKOro JlencHircxoro ye3fla BbiCTynnjiH nponiB xyjiaqe- ctb3, oxa3aj™ Boopyjxemioe conpoTHBjicHne ye3AHOMy naqajibHH- xy h ApyrHM npeacTaBHTeJiHM uapcxoii aflMHHHCTpamm5. B Hioiie 1912 r. xpecTbHHe noceaxa KaMeiHcxoro KycraHaflcxoro ye3aa 3a- xsaTH.iH xa3einryK) jiecHyx) aaqy h oxa3a.iH BoopyweHHoe conpo THBJieiiHe xapaTeabHOMy OTpsmy6. Taxne jxe BbicTyruieHHH KpecTbfra-nepecejieHueB iimcjih MecTo b KoxqeraBCKOM, BepweH- ckom h apyr-HX ye3aax Ka3axcraHa7. KpecTbHHCxoe ABHJxeHHe b nepecejieirqecxofl aepeoHe Ka3ax- CTaxa noaaBAHAOCb xaparejibHhiMH OTpjiaaMH, axTHBiibie yqacr- _. , u K°M> 204, 207, 209. * C m.aoKyMeiiTU j\\=Ns 277, 287. ’ C m. aoKyMeHTU 767* 9. 35. 50, 155. 178. 246, 351. 352 H flp

XVIII npeflHCJioBHe jihkh BHcrynjieHHft apecroBbrnajiHCb n BHCbuiajiHCb. B cbhjh c BO.THC11HHMH KpCCTbSIH riOJIOWeHHe 06 yCHACHWOfi oxpane OblJIC npoA-icuo1. ArpapHoe X B H xenue pa3BepTbiBajiocb h b K33axcKOM ayae OcHOBHbiM 3aiiHTiieM Ka3axcKoro HacejieHHH, KaK h npextae, hbjisi- .'ioCb KOieBoe h riOjiyKOieBoe wnBOTHOBOAHeci<oe xo3Hi\"ictbo, 6a3ii- poBaBiueecii ua sKCTencRBHbix (JiopMax Hcno.ib3o-BaHhh nacrfinm- Hbix yroAHft. B ^aflea Cojibiueii nacTbio noro-ioBba ckotb, 4)eoflaj]bHO-6aflcKaa Bepxyunca ayjia aaxBaTUBajia 3eMAH, Haxo- AflmHecsi b noJib30BaHHH Tpyantunxca a y jia . B oahom H3 npo- HjeiiHft 6 e£HHxa ayjia N s 5 A k tk>6» « ckcmx> ye3Aa roBopHJiocb: «B HacToauxee BpeMa noab3yioTca Bceio xopomeio 3eM.ieio SoraaH, a MU, OeAlHHKH, HaXOffl»MCH Ha CaMOM HHMTOKHOM 3eMeAbI10M Ha- a e n t» 2. B pe3y.iBTaTe sro ro ocuoBtiaa Mao'.a K33axcKoro Haceae- hhh npeBpamaaacb b 6qahhkob h SaTpanoF, pafioTasiUHX b xo3flfi- CTBax BKcnayaraTopoB3. B a y ae coxpanH-nicb tfieoaa.ibHbic itobhhhocth ( u iu r u n h AP-) h pa3iioo6pa3Hbie n o S o p u , K oropue B3bicKHiBaaneb c TpyaoBoro HacejieHHH h aowiwiHCb THJKeauM CpeMene.M n a e ro n.ieMii1. AyjibHue cTapuiH'Hbi, BOjiocuHbie ynpa®HT&®H, nepeBOA^HKH npn o6ji3c t h u x ynpaB.Jiemiflx h y e3A «u x «a«jajibHHKax b tcchom coi03e c uapcKofl aamh h hctp alineft ym eraA K imipOKlie Maocbi Ka3axCKOro naceaewHS. U Ihpoko 6bi.aa pacnpocrpa-HeHa CHcrewa noAKynoB, B3HTOHHH<iecTBa, noCopoB h BMMoraTeabCTBa5. KpynHbie SaH-nojiycpeoAajibi, wecroKO SKcnjiyaTHpya Tpyan- W»ecH Maccbi ayjia, CTpeMHAHCb coxpaifHTb KO'ieeoe.ckotoboactbo h naTpHapxajibiio-cpeOAaAbHUH 6 u t, c aro ft uanbio own BcniecicH npenaTCTBOBaAH oceAanMio KaaaxcKoro HaceaejiH a, npwMeHHAH nporicB Hero wecTOHaftiuHe penpeccHH, o new CBHAeTeabCTByior MHorOTHeACHHue nyS.riHKyeMbie b cCopHHKe AOKyMeHTbi6. M oiahmm cpeACTBOM b pyxax <j>eoAa.nbMo-6aHCKOH BepxyuiKH b Aejie yrneTeH'HH h SKcruiyaTauhh eio TpyAOBOro HaceaenHsi hb- ASA'HCb Tax Ha3UBaeMbie cyAU <5neB h «o6 biHHoe» Ka3axcKoe npaBO. HecAyuaftno npoTHB bthx cyAo® HaSjnoAaaiHCb MaoeoBbie npoT ecru oeAHHKOB h cepeAHHKo® a yjia 7. IlySjiHKyeMue AOKyMeHTU cBHAeTejibCTByiOT o tom, hto xa3ax- CKHe KpecTbsme, T a« w e KaK h pyccKHe, b w a.iofiax h npomeimax k npeACTaBHTejisjM uapoKoii a amh iihctp ahhh Tpe6oBajiH ocbo6o- AHTb HX OT npO'HBBana !H HacHAHfl CO CTOPOHU 6aeB, oim Taxwe AOKyMeHTbi NbNa 63, 76, 77. 162, 242, 259 h ap. AOKyMeiiT 346. v H 2 ™ {SS: i?91-57'6.,85i7.'7716f.2,71Q6J95.,in71n18,5.m111i39,8,133406, ,13366,31H54a,p.170 H Arp. -M. AOKyMeHTbi J^biVu 201, 214, 236 h ap.

XX flpeancaoBHa_________________________ i BOHHCKyio KOMaHfly; <b K3UJi-AAbipoBCKOii bojiocth CeMHtia^arrai- CKofi oOjiacTH Ka3axH Hanajni Ha BOJioc-rHoro ynpanHTCJiH, ypafl- HHKa H APyrHX qHHOBHHKOB UapCKOfi aaMKHHCTpaUHH. IlpCmiB MaccoBoro h3t>hthh n y m u u x seM&ib b MO.ie 1909 r. BbicryniuiH Ka3axH MaHHKyMOBCKofi bojiocth BepneiiCKoro ye3fla. Bucrynae- Hue ObiJio noflaBJieno ®oopy>KeH!Hoii ciuiofi, a KTHBHbie yqacTHHKH BbicTyruieHHn b KOjiHqecTBe 26 qejioBOK 6hjih apecroeaHbi. B HH>He 1911 r. Ka3aXH MHJIHKTHHCKOfi BOJIOCTH CCMIHiajiaTHHCKOfi o6jiacTH, HSMvqeiiHbie qpesMepHUMH noBmmocTsrMH, iianajm na Ka3aiHfl Boemibiii nocr. BoopyjKOimbie erojiKHOBeH'iia Ka3axcKoro HacejieHHH c uapCKofi auMHHHCTpauHefi miejiiH Mecro b Kapxapa- jihhckom ye3fle CeMKnajiaTHHCKofl o 6jiacrn, b JlenciracKOM, Bep- hchckom h Apyrux ye3,aax Ka3axcTaHa'- Ocofieimo ynopubifl xapaKTep hochjio BoopyweiiHoe Bbicryiuie- 06HHe Ka3axos KapaKojibCKOfl bcwtocth JlencHHCKoro ye3jia. BoJib- uieBHCTCKasi ra3eTa «lTIpaBjia», coofimaa b t o m Bbicrynjiemni, 6VKa3hi3ajia, q-ro Ka3axn HanajiH sia ye3jinoro iia'ia.ibHHKa h hh- h o b MecTHofi aaMHirHCTpauHH, oc b o ojihjih apecroBaHHbix aKTH'B- Hbix yqacTHHKOB BUCTynjieiiHH, a «Ha Mecro CyHra Bhi3Banbi H3 yKpenjieHHH Ka3aKH»2. BopbOa Tpya.jiiu.nxca Macc ayjia npoTHB uapcxoro cawoaep- waBHa h MecTHbix SKcruiyaraTopoB cjiHBa.qacb c OopbfioS KpecTbHH-nepecejieHueB. PyccKHe KpecTbjrHC-nepecejienubi BHiecre c KaaaxcKHMH TpyanmHMHCH ycrpaHBajiii HaneraJibUbie cofipanHU. Ha KOTopux odcyjKaajiHCb eonpocbi coBMecTHurx BbKrrynJiewHfi nporaB uapcKoro npaBHTeJibCTBa. HanpuMep, 8 aohocchhh rop- iioro HcnpaBHHKa OpeH6yprcKo8 ryCepHHH TypraficxoMy rySepHa- Topy cooSmaJiocb o roTOBameMca cobmccthom BbicrynjicintH nepe- cejieHueB h Ka3axoB _H>neTbirapnHCKoii bojiocth KycraiiaflcKoro ye3.ua. B btom uoneceHHH roBopiuiocb, vto b ypoaniue «K«eH-Cafi» okojio HacjieflHHUKoB CTamiuu «ycTpaiiBaiOTCH He3ai<oiFHbie c6o- PHina, na KOTOpbix o 6cy>KAaioTCH Bonpocu 06 H36nennn bochhux k rpajKflaHc-KHx BJiacrefi. Ha cGopmuax npmiHMaior yqacnie h nepecejieHuu oicpywaiomHx yqacncoB KycTanaiicKoro ye3Aa a MeCTHhie KHprU3bI»3. B roflu hoboto peBOjiiouifoiuioro nojrbOMa CHOBa HaqaJiocb BOJIHOHHH B BOHHCKHX HaCTHX. B 1912 T. npoH30IUJIO BOOpyJKOH- HOC BbicTynuewHe cpeaa cojiaar b Typuccrahckom icpae4, nponcxo- Ahjih BOJiHenaa cpejXH canepos b rop. HHMKeHTe5, cojiuaT b llHni- neice® h upyrnx mecTax. 1’CCmm.. aoKyMCHTbi MiNl 42, 105, 122, 174, 183, 234, 262, 281, 282, 354 H XP jxoxyMGHT Ms 280. 3 Cm. noKVMCHT Ms 255. * C m.floKyMp.HTbi MWs 286, 291, 290, 307. 5 Cm.aoKyMeHT M's 216.

npejHCJioBwe XXI UapCKaji aaMH«HcrpauKH c uejibio npeflOTBpamewHH bo3 mo>k- nbix Bhicxyn-ieiiHii TpyflHUiMxcsi ycHJiHBaaa orpsiabi noawuHH a boSck. CTpaHPHHKH h nojiHiiHH 6buiH pacnpeAejieiibi n o ynacTKa.M Kan b ro p o aa x , tok h b nocejiKax. PaspaGaTUBajiHCb n a a n u aefl- CTBHfi aflMHHHCTpaiXH'H, nO-IHUHH H BOHCK, HaMeHajUfCb Mapitrpy r u annjKeHiiH KapaTeabiibix orpanOB1. /KecToico noaaiijiHH Boemiofi chjioH BhrcTymieHHH T pyaam axca, uapcKoe npaBHTejibCTBO npo.fWH.iio n o 1914 r. cnoaosKeHHe jtch- jvemiofi oxpawbi* b Cup-ilapbHHOKofl, CeM«pe«eHCKoii h npyrux o&nacTflx Ra3axcTaKa2. B TpyaHbix ycnoBHflx crojibimfHCKofl peaKumi conHaji-fleMO- KpaTBvecKHe opraiitraanKH, KpyacKH, oroeabitbie coimaji-aeMO- xpaTbi, yKponJinsi HCJiera.ibHbie noanoJibHue oprami3auHH a «c- ncwib3yH jierajibiibie oGmecroa, iie o m b maccbi MapuciiCTCKHe h>ich, noBbiLuaJin KJiaccOBoe caMocceHawae pa6oaHX. xpecrbaH- nepccejieHueB, TpyflamHxca ayjia. O /niaK o, c n a 6 o e paaBHrae npoMbnujieraiocTH b K a3axcraHe, Majio'iHC-nenHocTb HauHOHajibiforo npojieTapnaTa, aHauHTeabnasi qacTb KOTOporo erne Chijia CB&3a«a c ayjioM, BjHtsiHH'e ((teoflaabHO- KjiepHKajibHbix aaeMeHTOB n a paGcwHX, 3a6HT0cn> KaaaxcKiix rpyasiUHixcH, hx OTCrajiocTb h CHabMoe bjthhhho « a HHx (peo/iaab- HO-0aficKHx saeMOHTOB 3a.iep>KHBajin co®MecTHyio 6opb<5y xpy- ahiuhxch Bcex naKHOHaabnocrefi nporHB u apcxoro cawaAepwaBwn, TopM03HaH noiftoM peBOJiKHiHOHWoro ABH3Kenwn. OrpHuarejibHo cxasbiBaaocb « a rio/rbeMe peBoaiouHOHHofl 6 opb6u OTcyTCTBHe eOTHoro pyKOBOflsimero h iianpaBJiHioiuero napruftiioro u e n ip a b Ka3axcTaH-e. MecTHbie counajj-,neMOicpaTHHecKHe oprawH3amra 6bUiH caaOo CBW3anH c Ka3axcKHiM HacejieHweM. He cay q aftn o no- 9TOMy SOJlblirHHCTBO BblCTynaCHHfi TpyAHUUHXCH woch.ih ctiixhh- Hbifi xapairrep. HecMOTpa Ha npoBOHHMyro uapH3'MOM BejimtoaepwaBiryio moBHUHCTHHecKyjo nojiHTHKy h pea'KUHOHHyio aesmeabHOcrb na3ax- ckhx HaitHOiiaaHCTOB, b 1907— 1914 rr. b Ka3axcTaHe Bee 6oaee ycajiHBajiacb peBoaioraowHaH 6opb6a TpyaaiunxcH Macc ropo.ua, aepeBHH, ay jia, ynperuifuiHCb a pyw ecxiie cbhsh Me>Kny hhmh. HHxaKHe p e npeoc m aapctcoro npaBwrejibCTBa « MecrHwx SKcnayaraTopoB n p orno rpyasnuHXCsi K aaaxcraH a, x a« h Bceii CTpanu, He mottih ocTanoBHTb 3aKOHOMepwopo HCTOpHiecKoro rrponecca np'w6jiH9KewHH hoboA 6yp>Kya3Ho-aeiMOKpaTn»iecKoA, a 3a Heii couHaancTtnecKofi peBOJiiouHH. 1 Cm. «OKyMeiiT K? 247. * C m .AOKVMeHTu MNk 351, 352, 358 k np.

XXII ripeaHaioBHe JXoKVMeiiTbi h MaTepHaaw, ny6jiiiKyeMbic b cCopnifKe, BbiaBJie- Hbl B OCHOBiHOM, K3 (flOHAOB U.eHTpajIbHOrO llCTOpHTCCKOrO apKKBa Ka3CCP (rop. AjtMa-ATa). B u nn npocMorpenu MaTcpnaabi. CenTHpeieHCKoro, Akmoahhckoto h TypraiicKoro ofiJiacrabK npaB^eHHfl, Ka«uejrapHH crenworo reaepaa-ryOepnaTOpa, upe- Meuiioro coBeTa no ynpaB.ieHHio BnyrpeHHCii KHpnraCKon opaoa, BepneiiCKoro oicpyiKHoro cyaa, npoxypopa BepnencKoro oxpyw- noro cyaa, yiacrKOBUx npHCTaBoa MHMKeiiTcKoro ye3aa h rop. TypKCCTaHa, BepHencKoro ropoacKoro noaimeRcKoro npaBJiewBi, npHcraBa 2 ncwiHaeficKoft aacTH rop. BepHoro, onpywnoro HH*e- nepa CeMHnaaaTHiicKoro h CeMHpeaeHCKoro ropubix okpyroB, xa- paraHaaiicKofl KaMeHHoyroabHofl Konn; aKunonepnoro oomecTBa «CnaccKnx Meaabix pya», 3aBeayioiaero nepeeeaeimecKiiM aeao*i b CeMiipCTeHCKOM paiioHe, 3aBeayioiuero ncpoce.ieHHecKiiM Ae- jiom e Akmoji'Khckom paflone, BepHencKoro yc3ahoro ynpasaeHHa, Boabine-AaMa-ArwHCKOro CTanimHoro ynpaBaemia 11 ap- BbiaH npocMorpenbi TaK*e (Jjonabt, xpaasmuiecsi b Ll,e«rpaab- hom rocyaapcTBCHhom hctophhcckom apxHBe C C CP b Mockbc h /IeHHurpaae, b UeHrpaabHOM HCTopnaecKOM apxHBe y36eKcKofl CCP b TaaiKeHre, rocyaapcTBeHHhix apxnaax O mckom, WKaaoa- CKoft, AcrpaxancKofi h CapaTOBCKofi oSaacTcft, h nepHoanaecKaii neqaTb HCTopniecKoro nepHoaa, oTpaHcenaoro b cfiopiMKe. KpHiwecKOe H3yieim e h conocranaeirae apxHBHbix h nexaT- Hbix aoxy-Mohtob h MaTepHaaoB no3BOJi«ao orofipaTb Hantfoaee ueiinbie «3 «nx a a a ony6aHKOBa«HH b aairwoM cfiopHmce. B cOopHBKe noMemeHhi 74 AoicyMewTa, HcxoaamHe Henocpea- CTBOBHO OT TpyAHIHKXCH M3CC. 3 T 0 ----B OCHOBHOM, >KajI06bI B npouieiiHa pafto'tHx, KpecTbs«-6eAiiHKOB aepeBim. a y aa , xapairre- pH3yiomHe hx TRweaoc snoiiOMii'iecKoe nonoweim e, TpeOoBaHiia BKOHOMiwecKoro h npauoBoro nopsiAKa. O hh noKa3UBai0T wiac- coboc paccaoeHHe b aynax, Aepemiax, ycw iem ie 6opb0w TpyjoBO- ro aaceaeHwa npOTHB SKcnayaTaTopoe, >ipe3Mepnbix naaoroB, noBHHKOcreft, (JjeoaaabHbix nobopoB, a TaKXce npcrecr pa6o«rnx npoTKB MpesMepHofi 3KcnayaTauHTi hx npeAnpHHHMaTeaaMH. rioBaBAatoiAaa aacrb AOKyMeHTOB, hcxoaaihhx ot TpyAsnuHxca Macc ayaa, MMenyeTca Ka« «npoineirira». B cCopHHxe coxpaneHU hx nepBOMaiaabHbie Ha3Barora. B AeRcrBHreabHOCTii * e 3th ao- KyMCHTbi aBaaancb * a a o 6a.MH, a nam e acero nporecroM npora® 9K cnay a T a m r a . B cCophhk BKaioHeHbi AomeAiinie ao e a c npoKaaManaH, ah- ctobkh, o6 pameHHa ypaabCKofl opranH3auHH PCAPT1 (cm. aok. I, 3 H AP-). TaiTJKeHTCKOTO KOMUTTCTa P C ilP n (cm. aok. NsKt 5, 6, 7 ii AP-), nepenncica mokay oprai(H3aiiHHMH PCZIPn, nosBoamoniHe cyAHTb o AeirreAbHOCTH couHaa-AeMOKparinecKHX

ripeoHCJiooHe XXIII r>praKH3aaHft b Ka^axCTane h hx cbh3hx c apyrHMH orpaHioa- UHHMH P C ^ P n . K rpynne napTHftHbix AOKyweHTOB othochtch ny&mKyeMhie b cGopnitKe eraTb'H H3 6ojibineBHCTCKH,x ra36T «3Beaaa» (cm. jok. NsA? 266. 268 H a p .), «npasfla» (om. aok. NsNs 271, 279, 280, 291, 293 h Ap-)- B cGopwHKe nyfi.nHKyioTca 28 KoppecnoHAeHiwft H3 jierajibHofi ncpHOAHMecKOii ne a a ™ toto BpoMeHH. B hhx ocaemaexcH xawe- Aoe no.iowemie Tpyasiwaxes ayjia, KpecTbSH-nepeceAeimes, 3a- SacTOBOMHaa 6opb6a paGonax npoTHB npeAnpHHHMaxeAeft, b m - cryiweHHH Gbahsikob h GaxpaKOB ayjia, aepeBHH npoxHB sy-irase- cxBa H 6aeB-(J>eona.xOB. 3Ha'iHxejibHyio iacxb iiyGaaKyeMbix AOKymetnoB cocraijiBiOT AOKJiaaHbie 3airacH», panopxbi, AOHeccHiw, mtcsMa, npiiKa3bi, nocxa«OBji0HHa ry6epHaxopoB oG.xacTefi, ye3AHHX iia ia jii.hhkob, nojmueftcKHX hhhobhhkob h apyrnx aoaxchocihhx jimu uapcKofi aaiMHHBCTpauH’H. Ohh oxpawaiox TOHKy 3peiraa Tex KpyroB, koto- pwe Gopojincb npoxHB peBOJiioumoimoro ArairateHHs napOAHbix Macc. 3 to oGcToflTejibcrBO TpefiyeT ocoGemio cxpororo KpHTH<ie- ckoto noflxofla k 0(j)Hu.naAbHbiM AOKyMeHTaw. HeCMOTpa «a bto, ohh aaiOT B03MO>KHOCTb THTaTe-iiUM npeacxaiBHTb KapTMiy pa&o- 'icro u arpapHoro abhacchkh b Ka3axcTaHe b 1907— 1914 rr. Bo.xee mesm b 40 H3 sthx AOKyMeiixoB aaercn KapTWta AesTeAbiio- cth coiiHaA-AeMOKpaTHqecKH'x opraimaailHB b KaaaxcraHe, KpyjKKOB H OTAeAbHbIX '1.TC1IOB 3THX OpraHH3aUHfi. Bo MHOrHX AouyMeiiTax ormcbJBaeTCs: 3a6acTOBO>Hiaa GopbGa pa6o*mx, Bbi- CTynjieHHH TpyAnuiHxca Macc b ayaax « AepeoHsX npoxHB aapcKoft aAMHHHCTpauHH, KyAa'iecma, GaiicrBa h (peoAaabiioS BepxyuiKH, pacnpocTpaneiiHe peBOAiouHoiiHofl AHTeparypu. npoH3BeAeHHfi KJiaccH'KOB mapKCH3\\ia-.xeiihhh3ma, paOora coirHaA-AeMOKpaTiwe- CKHX 0praHH3a«Hfi epeflH TpyAHWHXCH, HX pyKOBOAHmaH pOAb B Jierajibubix npo<J>cOf03ax h KooneparHBHbtx opraHH3aunsx h t . a. ApxeorpaipH'iecxaa o6pa6oxKa AOKyMeHTOB npoHaBeAeua co- raacHO cymecTBywmHM «ripaBHAaM H3abhhs HCTOpmecKHX ao- KyMeHTOB», n3AaiinH 1955 r. ^OKyM©HTbI H MaTepHaAbI 060|>HHKa paCnOAO/KCHU B XpOHO- JiorcniecKofl nocjieAOBaxejibHocxH. HHHUHa.tbi h (pawHAifH aoajk- HOCTHblX AHA, OT KOTOpbIX HCXOAHT AOKyMCHTW, He BKAtOHSHbl B cocTaB 3aroAOBKa. .flaxy b 3arOAOBKax Aaiiu no CTapoMy cmaio, coxpaHeHw AopeBOAiouHOHiibie «a3BawHH Bcex HaceAeHHbix nyjiK- tob, BOAoexefi h ropoAOB, ynoMHHaeMbix b AOKyMeHrax. Bee apxHBHbie AOKyMeHThi, noMerueHHbie b cfiopHHKe, nyfiAH- nyiOTCH anepBbie. B Tex CAynasix, xorAa b cfiopaHKe noMeiueiiH He- CKOAbKO AOKyMeHTOB, OCBeiuaiOlUHX OAHO H TOJKe CoOblTHC HAH (JlaKT, HO COCTaBAeHHbiX B pa3HOe BpeMH H pa3HHMB AHUaMH, OHH CBH3aHbi MextAy co6ofl nepeicpecrabrMH ccbUKaMH.

XXIV npcflHcjioOHe Ecjih AOKyMeHT ny&inKyeTcn c kotihh, omyoKa. -ranorpaiJicKO- ro Texcra, reicrorpa(J)H*iecKoro TeKCTa, to ato oroBapmaeTCJi nocjie ujmppa aoKyiMCHTa. O ronapnaaioT ca TaKwe nepeBoau c apyinx ,H3biK0B. HoKy.MeHTta, nyfi-'iHKyoMhic c noon iniiiwKOB, b JiereHaax hc oroBapHBaroTca. C/iOBa, B3HTue b KBaaparnbie c k o G k h , npwsie'iaH'HJi h chocicf k - flonyMenTy np»Haaiiea<aT cocraBHTejiHM c 6opHHKa. Chockh, ripTfiia.wwamHe as-ropaM aoicyMeHTa, oroBopeiiw ocoGo. B npH.iowenHHx aaeTca: 1) nepeieHb AOKyMeiiTOB, noMeiaeH- hux b c6opHHKe; 2 ) yKa3areAb reorpacj)HqecKHx Ha3BaHHfi; 3) cna- cok coKpameiiHH, BcrpeqaeMHx b AOKyMeHrax; 4) cnHCOK cpOHAOB, H3 KOTopux BbiaBJieHbi nyGjiHicyeMbie AOKyMeHTbt; 5) nepeieHb «a- JllOCTpailHft. B c6opHHKe noMemeHbi 13 (JiOTOKonHfl c npomiaManHft kowb- TeroB h opraHH3aAHfi PC/IPn, ra3CTHbix CTaTefi, x<a.no6 h npo uieHtifl TpyamuHxcn Macc. BoabiURHCTBO nyGjiHKyeMbix AOKyMeHTOB Bbunuieiio <t>. KHpeeBMM. C/raTbH u KoppecnomieHUHH H3 nepHOjH- wecKoii ne'iaTH b o c h o b h o m BbiHB-neHhi cocTaBHTeJiHMH. B BbiaBJieHHH AOKyMeHTajibHbix MaTepHa.ioB raKwe npHHHMa- jih ywacTHe KaiiAHAarbi HCTopireecKHX nayn T. n . Ty6a, I\\ «J>.Zlax- lujieiirep, A. MyxTapoB, CTapmue HayqHwe corpyAHHKH UeHTpaJib- Horo rocyflapcTBeHHoro ncropHiecKoro apxn.Ba Ka3CCP A. K. AjieifHHKOBa, H. K- KpiomcoBa, rip-H nOATOTOBKe K HSAaHHK) CGopHMKa GOJIblliyiO nOMOIUb KOH- CyjIbTaUHHMH OK33a.TH KaHOTAaTbl H'CTOpHKeCKHX nayic B. <!>. Ulax- M3TOB, A. O. ftlCyHHH. 0 . Kupeea, <P. KoAodun.