QUESTION BANK FINAL

601 Ans : Polaxamine,Hydranate IV.TRUE OR FALSE : 1.Contact lens correct the higher degree refractive error only Ans : False 2.Contact lens used for cosmetic purpose only Ans : False 3.The contact lens need not be kept in a solution for shorter durations Ans : True 4.Contact lens is used for refractive correction only Ans : False 5.Dry eye patient used for contact lens Ans : True 6.Soft contact lenses are fitted larger than the corneal diameter. Ans : True 7.The power of a contact lens in higher than glasses for a minus lens. Ans : False REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

602 V.UNSCRAMBLE WORDS : 1. ILISBEV - VISIBLE 2. CCSEITMO - INTEGRAL 3. DEOOANRL - LEONARDO 4. AOICMHRCT - CHROMATIC 5. OOTTCIHPR - ORTHOPTIC 6. AAIIIDRN - ANIRIDIA 7. OOOAMLEB - COLOBOMA 8. CUITEPETHRA - THERAPEUTIC 9. IITPHSALC - PTHISICAL 10. ICAPOYT - OPACITY 11. OOCTTENRPI - PROTECTION 12. IIEPHBASTLR - BLEPHARITIES 13. AYMHEPH - HYPHEMA 14. GRODYHEL - HYDROGEL 15. LLEEIXBF - FLEXIBLE 16. IILONCS - SILICON 17. ERSMYIOP - POLYMERS 18. AARETIML - MATERIAL 19. MMPUITO - OPTIMUM 20. PPHHOOOBIAT - PHOTOPHOBIA 21. EECAMBLPR - PERMIABLE 22. LLICREAG - ALLERGIC 23. IIDNAERM - MERIDIAN 24. RAYTMOETK - RAYTMOETK

603 25. EMROEV - REMOVE 26. SNEIR - RINSE 27. RDEMTEIA - DIAMETER 28. HDEMTO - METHOD 29. GHDIALNN - HANDLING 30. PSOMSREC - COMPRESS 31. NSCOTOUI - SOLUTION VI.EXPLAIN FOLLOWING : 1.Definition of contact lens 2.History of contact lens 3.Advantages of contact lens 4.List the type &materials of contact lens 5.Define soft contact lens 6.Advantages of soft contact lens 7.Define semi soft contact lens & its materials 8.Advantages of semi soft contact lens 9.Define hard contact lens 10.Define scissor technique REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

604 11.On what basis is diameter of a contact lens determined by HVID? 12.In Push-up test for assessing the tightness of the lens, 100% represents : 13.What all characteristics should a well-fitting soft lens show? 14.What parameter needs to be changed to make a steep fit lens flatten? 15.Name one external ocular factor which will not have an influence on lens fit? 16.Visibility tint in a soft contact lens is for: 17.What is considered a normal blink rate? 18.Blepharitis is an inflammation of which ocular adenexa? 19.What is the average amount of overnight corneal edema in normal eyes without contact lenses? 20.Which slit lamp technique is best for observing endothelial blebs? 21.Which slit lamp technique provides the best view of corneal neovascularisation? 22.A patient has a spectacle refraction of –9.00 D at a vertex distance of 12 mm. If we wanted to fit this patient with contact lenses, what back vertex power (BVP) would be required for the contact lens? 23.Who is said to be the first person to describe the concept of a contact lens? 24.Who invented soft contact lenses? 25.Which manufacturing method is normally used for low volume production and custom-made soft contact lenses?

605 26.What is the most important reason for a soft contact lens to show adequate movement on the eye? 27.A patient has a horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID) if 11.5 mm. What total lens diameter would be MOST suitable when fitting this patient with soft contact lenses? 28.What are the characteristics of a soft contact lens fit that is too tight 29.Name the characteristics of FDA classified group 2 materials. 30.Hydroxyl Ethyl Methacrylate(HEMA) belongs to which FDA group classification 31.According to FDA, a soft contact lens material with 45% water content is classified as 32.Which is the most preferred contact lens manufacturing process employed for disposable contact lenses? 33.Which instrument is used to measure corneal curvature? 34.EOP in contact lenses stands for: 35.Dk in contact lens terminology stands for: 36.Which modality approves contact lens wear for up to 30 days without removal? 37.The cells of which corneal layer are tightly joined together and serve as a natural barrier towards microorganism invasion to the cornea? 38.A slit lamp biomicroscope is mainly used to see which segment of eye? REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

606 39.Write advantages of direct ophthalmoscope over indirect ophthalmoscope 40.Which instrument is most important for fitting soft contact lenses? 41.Holden-Mertz (1984) criteria states that the minimum Dk/t required for extended wear is: 42.Holden-Mertz (1984) criteria states that the minimum Dk/t required for Daily wear is: 43.What are advantages of cast molding manufacturing method? 44.Dk value of a material is defined as: 45.If a trial lens shows no significant post blink movement, what should practitioner do first? 46.Which lens factor will not influence lens fit? 47.Which parameter changes will make greatest impact on tightening a lens fit? 48.An ideal fitting soft contact lens should show which objective and subjective attributes? 49.What contact lens power is closest to the ocular refraction of patient whose spectacle refraction is –6.00/-2.25 x 180? 50.Which is general health condition and associated treatments which can influence contact lens wear? 51.Tear break up time is an Invasive or non-invasive test?

607 52.Anterior-posterior diameter of normal adult human eyeball is: 53.Tear flow is aided by which ocular mechanism? 54.The refractive power of an emmetropic eye is about: 55.At birt the eye is usually myopic/ hypermetropia/ astigmatic or presbyopic? 56.1 mm decrease in the axial length of eyeball leads to hypermetropia of ? 57.In against the rule astigmatism, which principle meridian is more curved? 58.Accommodation is maximum at which age? 59.What are the disadvantages of a lens with greater central thickness? 60.What are disadvantages of soft contact lenses over RGP lenses? 61.According to rule of thumb, how much increase in base curve is needed if we increase Diameter of lens by 0.5 mm to keep the fit same as before? 62.What is the MOST important reason for wanting a lens to show adequate movement on the eye? 63.Which is the most dangerous but rare complication of contact lens wear? 64.Disposables and PRP lenses 65.Which is the most preferred contact lens manufacturing process for disposable lenses? REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

608 66.The technology that represents a balanced integration of lens design, material properties and manufacturing process to achieve simplicity in lens fitting or refitting, with a single fitting parameter is called? 67.The first disposable lens launched in the year 1987 had which replacement schedule? 68.Basis the replacement schedule, which modality is not in the modality classification category of soft contact lens? 69.What is the single limitation of disposable/planned replacement lenses compared to conventional lenses? 70.What are advantages of UNIFIT technology? 71.What are the key characteristics in the design of SL 59 lenses? 72.The biggest advantage of UNIFIT technology to practitioner is ? 73.What are characteristics of Hilafilcon B material? 74.Which modality of disposable/Planned replacement lenses is the Best for occasional lens wearer? 75.What is advantage of UV protection with contact lenses? 76.Patients who can benefit with Daily Disposable lenses are: 77.What is the average amount of spherical aberration reported in general population at 6 mm pupil size?

609 78.Which Daily disposable lens brand available in India has anterior aspheric optics to correct spherical aberrations? 79.Who all are ideal candidates for disposable lenses? 80.Native proteins in tears turn to denatured proteins due to exposure of which environmental factors? 81.Which contact lens wearing modality is best for person who has swimming as recreational sports? 82.Smooth transition between central curve and peripheral curve in soflens 59 is due to these design characteristics? 83.Which properties of soft contact lenses increase with increase in minus power? 84.What are the reasons for reduced visual acuity with over use of conventional lenses? 85.Which is the most common deposit found in hydrogel (soft) contact lens? 86.Which of the following FDA group of soft contact lens classification show minimum deposit on them? 87.Which of the following FDA group of soft contact lens classification show maximum protein deposits on them? 88.With equalized mass distribution design feature, soflens 59 is very suitable for new contact lens wearer because: 89.The moisturizing effect of solens daily disposable lenses is due to : REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

610 90.Which of the following brands of daily disposable lenses available in India does not have a moisturizing ingredient in it? 91.Name materials used in manufacturing of daily disposable lenses available in India. 92.Which deposits on soft contact lenses do not originate from tear film? 93.All the daily disposable lens brands belongs to group IV of FDA classification EXCEPT: 94.Which of the soft contact lens replacement schedule does not require any form of lens care and maintenance? 95.Which of the soft contact lens replacement schedules would be MOST suitable for a patient who has a histoy of contact lens induced papillary conjunctivitis(CLPC)? 96.Model Questions for Module 4 97.Toric Soft Lenses 98.If one line image focuses on the retina while the other is formed in front of the retina, which type of astigmatism does it represents? 99.Best spherical correction means: 100.If one line image focuses in front of the retina while the other is focused at back of retina, which type of astigmatism does it represents?

611 101.Regular astigmatism refers toe the condition when the two principle meridians are: 102.Prism ballast stabilization is based on which principle: 103.Thinning of lens on superior and inferior areas is feature of which toric lens stabilization design? 104.Soft toric lens markings is used to assess: 105.LARS rule in toric soft lens fitting stands for: 106.Which toric lens manufacturing technique is BEST with regards to lens reproducibility? 107.What is the water content of soflens toric lenses? 108.Which material is used in manufacturing of soflens toric lenses? 109.How much is the angular difference between two laser markings on soflens toric lenses? 110.Soft lens toric lenses belongs to which group as per FDA classification? 111.As per classification by magnitude, moderate astigmatism is represented by? 112.Which edge design of soflens toric lenses facilitates smooth lens lid interaction? 113.Consider a soft toric lens with a minus cylinder at axis 145. The steeper meridian of this lens will be at: REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

612 114.Which strengthening monomer is added to soflens toric lens to enhance tear strength:? 115.What is the corneal astigmatism of an eye with the following keratometry readings: 7.63 mm (44.25 D) alnon 140 axis and 8.28 mm (40.75 D) along 50 axis. 116.A patient’s right eye has ocular astigmatism at axis 15. A trial contact lens placed on the eye rotates 10 degrees clockwise. What cylinder axis should be ordered for the final lens? 117.Lens orientation and stabilisation with prism ballast toric soft lenses is achieved primarily through: 118.A toric soft contact lens with a BVP of –2.25/-2.50 x 45 has its greatest thickness in which meridian? 119.Uncorrected astigmatism is far more likely to be acceptable by the patient if it is in: dominant eye/non-dominant eye? 120.A loose fitting soft toric lens will show which characteristics? 121.To get axis of the final lens, amount of rotation has to be added or subtracted according to LARS rule from: 122.What features of Lo-Torque design results in excellent rotational stability of soft lens toric lenses? 123.Which feature of Lo-Torque design imitates reverse geometry? 124.What factors play a important role in soft toric lens stability on the eye:

613 125.What is the procedure of transposition? 126.What is dynamic stabilization technique? 127.Which type of astigmatism shows an increase with increasing age? 128.A patient’s left eye has a spectacle refraction of –3.50/-1.50 x 160. A toric soft lens placed on this eye rotates 15 degrees anticlockwise. What cylinder axis should be ordered for the final lens? 129.A patients right eye has a spectacle refraction of –4.00/-1.75 x 20. A toric soft lens placed on this eye rotates 10 degrees clockwise. What should the cylinder axis of the final toric soft contact lens be? 130.What kind of astigmatism does this patient have if his spectacle Rx is –5.00/- 2.00 x 80 degrees and keratometery values of 44.00/43.50 @ 90 degrees? 131.What is the water content of soft lens toric lenses? 132.Lo-Torque in soft lens torics means? 133.Soft lens torics is available in which base curves? 134.Diameter of soft lens torics? 135.Model Questions for Module 5 & 6 136.Contact Lens care and Maintenance 137.Which 5 microorganisms are part of the standard set of microorganisms to test biocidal efficacy of multipurpose contact lens solutions (MPS)? REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

614 138.FDA does not require biocidal efficacy against which microorganism? 139.Which contact lens care solution attribute do most Eyecare practitioners consider most important? 140.According to testing standards for biocidal efficacy of disinfecting solutions, what is the minimum log reduction required in cell numbers for FUNGI? 141.According to testing standards for biocidal efficacy of disinfecting solutions, what is the minimum log reduction required in cell numbers for BACTERIA? 142.Which contact lens wear modality is not at reason for using contact lens care solution? 143.In a contact lens care solution, what is the role of surfactant? 143.In a contact lens care solution, what is the role of disinfectant? 144.What are the key factors for deposit formation on lens surface? 145.What are the disadvantages of hydrogen peroxide disinfection system? 146.What is the use of rewetting drops in contact lens wear? 147.The film produced by bacteria to protect the host cell and trap nutrients is called as ? 148.Name the test to ensure the lens is correct side out? 149.At what temperature the contact lens solution be stored? 150.What is the function of hydranate in renu multiplus solution?

615 151.What is the function of DYMED in renu multiplus solution? 152.What is the function of Polaxamine in renu multiplus solution? 153.What action would you take for a contact lens with jelly bumb deposit? 154.Heat based disinfection system uses heat in range of ? 155.What are normal adaptive symptoms of contact lens wear? 156.In contact lens induced papillary conjunctivitis, what changes you will see in upper tarsal conjunctiva? 157.Which CL wear modality involves maximum risk of corneal infections? 158.pseudomonas aerigenosa is a bacteria/fungi/virus/protozoa? 159.What is the most common complaint of patient with CLARE (contact lens induced acute red eye)? 160.Which contact lens complication is also called as 3 am syndrome? 161.What are the ocular signs seen in a patient who exhibits solution sensitivity? 162.Which contact lens solution has least soaking time?FDA test required for a solution to be standard of NO RUB regimen is called? 163.What are the correct ways to manage case of solution sensitivity? 164.Write 5 DO’s of contact lens wear? 165.Write 5 DON’T’s of contact lens wear? REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

616 VII. FIVE MARK QUESTIONS : 1.Indication and contraindication of contact lens 2.Explain about soft contact lens fitting 3.Insertion&removal for soft contact lens 4.Insertion&removal of hard contact lens 5.Care &maintenance of RGP lens 6.Care &maintenance of soft contact lens 7.Explain in detail about contact lens types and its maintenance. 8.Give indications and contraindications of contact lens. 9.Soft and hard contact lens advantage and disadvantage 10.Hard contact lens fitting VIII. ENGLISH TO TAMIL: 1. Advantage - நன்வம 2. Mechanism - சபாறிமுவற 3. Aberration - பிறழ்வு 4. Deposit - படிதல் 5. Parameter - அளவு

617 6. Multipurpose - பல்கநாக்கு 7. Rinsing - கழுவுதல் 8. Centration - சசறிவு 9. Abrasion - சிராய்ப்பு 10. Squeeze - சுருக்கி 11. Hydrating - நீகரற்றம் 12. Optic Zone - பார்வைமண்ைலம் IX. JUMPING WORDS: - A-VAN--G- - C--TA-T L-NS 1. ADVANTAGE 2. CONTACT LENS - CH-OM-T-- A-ER-AT--N - M-GN-F--ATI-N CHROMATIC - IN-IC-T--N 3. ABERRATION - O-TH--T-C 4. MAGNIFICATION - P--STH-T-C 5. INDICATION - A--ERG- 6. ORTHOPTIC - C-LO--M- 7. PROSTHETIC - T--R-PEU-I- 8. ALLERGY - K-RATKPATH- 9. COLOBOMA 10. THERAPEUTIC 11. KERATOPATHY REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

618 - SI--C-N - P-RM--B-LI-- 12. SILICON - D--M-T-R 13. PERMIABILITY - BA-E C-R-- 14. DIAMETER 15. BASE CURVE X. MATCH THE FOLLOWING : 1. Soft contact lens - Type – D 5 2. Semi soft lens - Transparent paper 1 3. PMMA - Soft lens 4 4.Flexible - Hard lens 3 5. Prosthetic - Plastic piece 2 XI. CORRECT SENTENCE : 1. Contact lenses areincreasedare peripheral and chromatic aberration. 2. Semi soft contact lens are flexible contact lens . Ans : Decreased 3. The semi soft contact lens are made up HEMA materials. Ans : Soft lens

4. Soft contact lenses is used to Keratoconus patient 619 Ans : Silicone acrlate Ans : Semi soft WORKSHEET 1………………lens does not allow oxygen to pass through. 2……………….allow better oxygen transmission but a cumbersome fitting procedure. 3……………….allow good oxygen transmission and are highly comfortable. 4.The oxygen transmissibility is reduced by increasing the lens…………. 5.The transmissibility is increased by making the lens …………………… REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

620 6.The ideal lens for therapeutic purpose is the ……………. 7.Thinner spherical lenses correct less ………….. than standard thicker lens. 8.The amount of base down prism needed is usually …………… CHAPTER - 12

621 LOW VISION CONTENTS CHAPTER - 12 LOW VISION REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

622 Optics of LVA Ocular conditions causing low vision Optical device Telescope Hand magnifier Stand magnifier High plus addition CCTV Non optical device Categories Formulas Evaluation Visual acuity Colour vision Field of vision Refraction Contrast Counselling and guidance Training and practice Prescription I.Abbreviation 1. LVA - Low Vision Aids 2. CCTV - Closed Circuit Television

3. ETDRS - 623 Early Treatment Of Diabetic Retinopathy Study II. Choose the best answer: 1. Gerald Fonda coined the term low vision in the year..... a . 1945 b. 1947 c. 1953 Ans : c. 1953 2.A person with low vision is one who has impairment of visual functioning even after treatment, surgery or standard refractive correction and has a visual acuity of less than ....... Or field of less than.....degrees a . 6/18 to 10 b . 6/18 to 20 c . 6/18 to 15 Ans :a . 6/18 to 10 3. Corneal degeneration results in a. Low vision b . Astigmatism c . Blindness Ans : a. Low vision 4. A person is considered to have low vision when his visual acuity is less than ……….. a .6/24 b . 6/36 c . 6/18 Ans : c . 6/18 5. Conditions where there is not much benefit from low vision devices are patients who have visual acuity of less than …….…. a. 1/60 b. 1/120 c . 6/18 Ans : c . 6/18 6. The image formed using a hand magnifier is ……….. a. On the retina b. Near the cornea c. At infinity Ans : c. At infinity REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

624 7.If a patient’s best acuity is 6/60, then the required near vision addition will be ……… a.+11.0ds b. +10.0ds c.+9.0ds Ans :b. +10.0ds 8.Hand magnifier is at infinity and the emerging rays are …….. a. Converging b. Diverging c. Parallel Ans : a. Converging 9.------- is too high it makes writing difficult a. Low power b. High power c. High power addition Ans : c. High power addition 10.The closer working distance can -------- a. High illumination b.obstract illumination c. Actual illumination Ans :b. obstruct illumination 11. What is the visual acuity for low vision patients? …… a. 6/6 b. 6/9 c. 6/18 Ans :c. 6/18 12. ……….. is the process of enlarging something only in appearance, not in physical size. a. Magnification b. Minification c. Distortion Ans : a. Magnification 13. Reducing the distance of the object is called ………. magnification. a. Angular magnification b. Projection magnification c. Relative distant magnification Ans : c. Relative distant magnification 14. Low vision is ………… a. Poor vision cannot be improved by spectacles b. Surgery and medicine. C. Both

625 Ans : C. Both 15. Prism sphere is useful for ………… patients. [b] a. High myopia b. Macular pathologies c. Advanced glaucoma Ans :b. Macular pathologies 16. Increasing the size of the object is called ………… magnification. a. Relative size magnification b. Projection magnification c. Angular magnification Ans :a. Relative size magnification 17. Following low vision aid can be given for improving near vision except …… a. Prism sphere b. Telescope c. Aspheric glass Ans : a. Prismo sphere 18. Expansion of CCTV used in low vision aid clinic is …….. a. Central circuit Tv b. Closed Circuit Tvc. central camera Tv Ans : b. Closed Circuit Tv 19. Which one of the following is not a low vision aid? ……… a. Hand magnifier b. Stand magnifier c.Typoscope Ans :c.Typoscope 20. One of the causes of low vision is ………… a. Transplantation b. Skin color c. Albinism Ans : c. Albinism 21. People with this eye condition will get benefitted by optical aids ….. A. Optics atrophy with field defect , advanced glaucoma REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

626 b. Advanced retinitis pigmentosa with tubular vision c. A,b 22. One of the causes of low vision is ………. Ans :c. A,b a. High myopia b. Age c. Brown / black skin Ans :a. High myopia 23. Prismosphere is advised for ………….. a. Vitreous damage b. Central retina damage c. Cornea damage Ans : b. Central retina damage 24. What is the purpose of running light? ……… A. Identify the currency b. Identify the letters c. Vision stimulation Ans : c. Vision stimulation 25. What support can rehabilitation provide for low vision patient? a. Motivate and prepare them to better their life b. Advice for surgery c. Provide food for them Ans : a. Motivate and prepare them to better their life 26. Prismatic glasses helps to …….. a. Reduce eye strain b. Focus peripheral vision c. Both Ans : c. Both 27. Physically disabled people are ……….. a. Social people b. Socially isolated c. Social status Ans : b. Socially isolated

627 28. Rehabilitation is ………… based. c. Society a. Patient b. Organ Ans : a. Patient 29. During rehabilitating a low vision patient, the counselor should watch the ….. A. Functional changes b. Family changes c. Body weight changes Ans : A. Functional changes 30. Low vision is a condition where the medical / surgery will ……….. a. Bring back vision changes b. Never cure the disease c. Help to improve vision Ans : b. Never cure the disease 31. How many types of rehabilitation approaches are there? Ans : a. 3 a. 3 b. 4 c. 2 32. What is vision stimulation? a. Helping to use their vision b. Make them talk c. Both Ans : a. Helping to use their vision 33. Tick institutional based rehabilitation for low vision patient? a. Counsel their parents, .orient about special education REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

628 b. Visual assessment, introducing various visual aids c. A,b Ans :c. A,b 34. Tick the community based rehabilitations for low vision patient? A. Informing about government policies b. Visual assessment C. Providing vocational training d. Introducing various visual aids E. Counsel to accept their condition f. Counsel their parents g. Orient about special education H.(a,c,i) Ans :H.(a,c,i) 35. What support services do the community based rehabilitation centers provide? a. Get travel pass , scholarships for children b. Give low vision assessment c. Counseling the family and patient Ans( a,c) 36. What is functional vision assessment in low vision patient? a. Stimulate the seeing capacity b. Help to identify things c. Both Ans : c. Both 37. What is concept development in a low vision patient? a. Correlate the environmental concepts b. Evaluate vision c. Get the government policy Ans : a. Correlate the environmental concepts III. FILL IN THE BLANKS :

629 1.Ocular conditions causing low vision ....... Ans :Aniridia 2. Stand magnifier the image format is before ....... And the ray are diverging Ans : infinity 3. The low vision device provides a magnified ...... Ans : view of objects 4. They are available as ......mounted Ans : Hand or spectacle 5.5. Types of telescope ...... Ans : 2 6. Telescope can be manually adjusted is ..... Ans : Autofocus 7. Hand magnifier available with different features such as ..... Surfaces ... Ans : Aspheric ,Illumination 8. Which can be used along with the ..... Glasses or .... Glasses Ans : Distance , With out 9. Hand magnifier are very cost effective portable and useful for ...... Tasks Ans : Short term reading 10 . Patient with …......... Cannot use hand magnifier . Ans : Hand tremors 11. Hand magnifier is difficult to use for ..... Ans : Prolonged period 12. Most stand magnifier are designed for use with a standard ........or .... Glass Ans : Bifocal , Reading REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

630 13. Stand magnifier have a ..... Ans : Fixed focus 14. Stand magnifier are helpful for ....and patient with reduced coordination and ... Ans : Children , Hand tremors 15. There are large varieties of high plus spectacle available in convex glasses ... Ans : Convex sphere , Aspheric sphere , Aspheric lenticular 16. CCTV full form ....... Ans : Close Circuit Television 17. CCTV camera that relays a magnified image to a ....... Ans : Monitor 18. CCTV magnification can be adjusted for different ..... Ans : Print sizes 19. Non optical device is to enhance the use of vision .... Or ...optical aids Ans : With , Without 20. Non optical device how many categories ... Ans : 7 21. Non optical device facilitate an ..... For efficient functioning Ans : Environment 22. Evaluation of the remaining visual functioning is a key compound to .... Rehabilitation Ans : Low vision 23. Low vision investigation ........ Ans : Visual acuity , Contrast 24. Kestenbaumformula ......

631 Ans : 60/6 = 10 d 25. Light house method near vision acuity card is used at ....Distance Ans : 40cm 26. Lot of .... Or practice increases the visually challenged patients ability to reach their goals Ans : Home work 27.The low vision ......... Provide a magnified view of object . Ans : Optical device 28.Advanced -------------with tubular vision will result in low vision Ans : Retinitis Pigmentosa 29.If a patient’s best acuity is 6/60, then the required near vision addition will be - ---- Ans : +10.0d 30.Snellen’s chart is suitable for literates above --------- Ans : 6 years 31.Patients with low vision can use ……………… to view distant objects Ans : Telescopes 32.Patients with VA less than …………… in the better eye are categorized as legally blind Ans : 3/60 33.Patients with low vision can use telescope to view------- REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

632 Ans : Distant objects 34.If the visual acuity of a low vision patient is 6/60, the near vision addition needed is ……….D Ans : + 10 D 35.In simple transposition, algebraic sum of sphere and cylinder is the new …… Ans : sphere 36.The three power zones of trifocals a….. Ans : Distant, Intermediate, Near 37.Low vision devices are patient who have must not benefit of visual acuity less than ---- visual field---- Ans : 2/60,10degree 38.In Hand magnifier image formed at ---- Ans : Infinity 39.Stand magnifier has -----magnification Ans : Constant magnification 40.In ------image formed before infinity Ans : Stand magnifier 31.The -------- provide a magnified view of object Ans : low vision optical devices 42.High plus addition is available in----- &------ Ans : Convex sphere & Aspheric sphere 43.Hand magnifier is used for --- Ans : Short term reading 44.----is used for with and without optical aids Ans : Non optical device 45.---- formula is used in deriving predicted add for low vision patient

633 Ans :Kestenbaum formula 46.How many categories of non-optical device---- Ans : 7types 47.CCTV allow sufficient ----- Ans : reading speed 48.Magnification can be adjusted for different print size this available in--- Ans : CCTV 49. Person with low vision means, the vision could be … Ans :below 6/18 50.For low vision patients the field of vision is ……… Ans :less than 20º 51.………… coined the term low vision in the year ……….. Ans :Gerald fonda1953 52.Conditions where there is not much benefit from low vision devices, who have a visual acuity is…… Ans :less than 2/60 or a field of less than 10 degree 53.The image formed using hand magnifier is at ………. Ans :Infinity 54.Patient will use a hand magnifier …… Ans :without a bifocal addition glass 55.In a stand magnifier the image formed …… Ans :before infinity 56.Patient using a stand magnifier the … Ans :bifocal addition is necessary 57.In a stand magnifier the rays are ………… Ans :diverging REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

634 58.In a hand magnifier the passing rays are …….and make a point source in parallel Ans : retina 59.Telescopes available are …………… Ans :Hand Held Telescopes, Spectacle Mounted Telescopes, Monocular Or Binocular Telescopes 60.The disadvantage of hand magnifier are ………. Patients with Ans :Hand Tremors And Prolonged Reader 61.Types of low vision devices are ……………. Ans :optical, non optical and electronic devices 62.Optical devices are used for ……………… Ans :distance and near 63. .…… is used for low vision patients for distance correction Ans :Telescope 64.Optical device means………. Ans :using of glass material 65.Non optical device means ………… Ans :without glass material 66.Stand magnifiers have…………………. Ans :constant magnification 67.The high plus spectacles available like……..

635 Ans :Convex Sphere, Aspheric Sphere, Aspheric Lenticular, Aspheric Doublet, Bifocal, Clip On Loupes And Prismosphere 68.The expansion of CCTV is …………… Ans :Close Circuit Television 69.The power of CCTV is ……… Ans :64x 70.1x= ………… Ans :4dioptre 71. .……………… is used for patients with macular problem Ans :Beecher telescope 72.………. is used for nystagmus patients Ans :Eagle telescope 73.…………. formula is used in deriving predicted add Ans :Kestenbaum 74.Kestenbaum formula is…………. Reciprocal of the best visual acuity 75.The patient visual is 6/36, how much addition you will give by using kestenbaum formula? ……… Ans :6D 76.In light house method the……..is found on the left side and dioptric add on the right side of the acuity card Ans :letter size 77.Example of sensory substitution devices is …….. Ans : Talking watch 78.Glare, contrast and lighting control devices ……… REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

636 Ans :Typo scope 79.Estimates of visual loss are measured by visual acuity for……… Ans :distance, near, contrast sensitivity photophobia, color vision, visual fields 80.For adult the normal contrast sensitivity is ….. Ans :1.68 81.For children’s the normal contrast sensitivity is ………. Ans :1.80 82.The ……..is used for near contrast sensitivity Ans :mars chart 83.The ……contrast sensitivity is used for distance Ans :Pellirobson 84.CCTV used for………. Reading and writing. 85.………. means less than 6/18 to 3/60 of visual acuity, field of vision less than 10° to 15° Ans : Low vision 86.Low vision invented by ………………… Ans : Gerald Fonda in 1953 87.Causes of low vision are………………….. Ans : Macular degeneration, albinism, diabetic retinopathy 88. Examination of the low vision are……………. Ans : History, refraction, fields, contrast sensitivity, glare test, instructions, trail of low vision devices 89.Low vision treatment are………………… Ans : optical aids, non-optical aids, and electronic aids 90.Braselton formula is …………….

637 Ans : BCVA x 2x 91.Patient Has vision 3/60 . So we will give ……… Ans : 20ds for near vision] for that patient 92.Types of telescope are………… Ans : Galilean, heparin, eagle bleachers 93.Telescope used for……… Ans : Distance vision 94.Magnifier used for …………. Ans : Near vision 95.Direct image formation in …………. Ans : Galilean telescope 96.Galilean telescope consists of----- Ans : object convex lens, eye piece concave lens 97.Galilean telescope is a ………… Ans : low power telescope 98.Other name of the keplarein telescope is…….. Ans : Astronomic telescope 99.Image formation of keplarein telescope is………… Ans : Inverted viewing 100.Beacher’s telescope used for ……… Ans : Macula patients 101.Example of angular magnification is ………. Ans : Hand magnifier 102.Keplarientelescope consists of----- Ans : object is convex lens, eye piece is convex lens 103.Types of magnifiers are ………… REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

638 Ans : six 104.Eagle telescope is used for ………… Ans : Nystagmus patient 105.Expansion of ETDRS is… Ans :Early Treatment Of Diabetic Retinopathy Study 106.Expansion of CCTV is……………. Ans :Closed Circuit Television 107.……………… chart used for LVA patient. Ans : ETDRS 108.…………… power available in CCTV. Ans : 64x 109.Magnifier types are………….. Ans : Stand Magnifier, Hand Magnifier, Cutaway 110.Notex, needle threads, independent mobility stick, signature guide, writing guide, illumination these are ------ Ans : Non optical aids 111.Other name of signature guide is …………….. Ans : Typo scope 112.Types of rehabilitation are …………… Ans : Vocational rehabilitation, educational rehabilitation 113.………….. prism used for bar reader magnifier. Ans : Vertical 114.…………… categories of low vision patient. Ans : Five 115.Name of the 1 meter chart is………

639 Ans : August colon Brendan chart 116.…………… prism used by prism sphere glass. 117. .………………. used for hemianopia patient. Ans : Fresnel prism 118.All patients with macula problem uses …… Ans : prism sphere glass for near vision 119.Other name of the note is……………….. Ans : money identification 120.The low vision tailor patients uses… Ans : needle thread for near vision 121………………formulas are used in low vision patients. Ans : Three 122. 1x = ……… Ans : 4 diopter 123. ……………color tint used for albinism patient. Ans : Yellow 124. Telescope, magnifier, high add spectacles, binocular are the ……………. Ans : optical aids 125.CCTV can magnify ………..up to 64x. 126.The low power telescopes is……….. Ans :Galilean telescopes 127.The heavy power telescope is …………….. Ans :keplerian telescope 128.Keplerian telescope is available power is……….. Ans :4x to 15x 129. Galilean telescope is available power is………….. REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

640 Ans :2x to 8x 130.In Galilean telescope the eye piece is …………object is ………. Ans :concave, convex 131.Inkeplerian telescope the eye piece is …………..and object also………. Ans :convex ,convex 132.The angular magnification---- Ans : m=ae 133.In astronomic telescope the power range is …………… Ans :4x to 15x 134.Types of total blindness are …. Ans :Economic blindness, social blindness and legal blindness 135.For economic blindness the vision is…………. Ans :6/6 to 6/18 136.For social blindness the vision is ………. Ans :6/18 to 6/60 137.For legal blindness the vision is below………. Ans :6/60 138.In prismo sphere glass the prism is …….. Ans :base in 139. For low vision patients we use…………chart 140. The vision is below 3/60 in children’s we advise for …………. Ans :special education 141. For low vision patients to identifying money which device is used?..... Ans :Notex 142. . ......... is Prescribed for viewing distant objects at optical infinity . Ans : telescope

641 143.In special school children studying which method is used and what board is used ? ……… Ans :Braille method, Braille slate 144.Expand IBR- ………….. Ans :Institution based rehabilitation 145.Expand CBR – ………….. Ans :Community based rehabilitation 146.IBR means …………… Ans :Services offered in an institution 147.CBR means…………… Ans :Measures taken at the community level 148.For macular pathologies patients we give low vision device of …… for better vision Ans :Prismo sphere 149.In aspherical glass reduces the …………… spherical aberration Ans :minimize distortion 150.In CCTV magnified image is relayed on …….. Ans : Camera 151. The advantage of CCTV is ………….. Ans :wider field of view and high contrast REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

642 152. In Galilean telescopes the image is …….. Ans :erect 153. In keplerian telescope the image is ………. Ans :inverted 154.What are the talking products in low vision ……….. Ans :telephone, watch, calculator 155. It can be shown mathematically that…………… Ans : m = fe\\fo 156. Astronomic telescope is Ans : 4x to 15x magnification 157.CCTV used for ……………. Ans : reading and writing 158.Low vision aid is a …………….. Ans :magnifying device 159.Astronomic telescope is…………… Ans :4x to 15x magnification. 160. Galilean telescope is……………….. Ans :Low power telescope 161.Galilean telescope magnification available ……….. Ans :2x to 4x, 4x to 8x 162. Weight less telescope is……… Ans :Galilean telescope

163. High power lens introducer---…….. 643 164………….is less expensive. 165.Small size of telescope is…………….. Ans :kesterbaum 166.Keplerian telescope is………….. Ans :Galilean telescope Ans : Galilean telescope Ans : convex surface 167.. ………………is a large field of view at a given level of magnification. Ans :Keplerian 168. Keplerian magnification available……… Ans :4x to 10x, 4x to 15x 169. Heavy weight of telescope is ……………. Ans :keplerian 170. Keplerian telescope image formed regarding on…… Ans : internal re inverting prism 171. Beecher telescope used for …………..problem defect. Ans :macular 172.Eagle telescope used for ……….patient and field of vision loss. Ans :Nystagmus 173. ………….is a eye movement with head. Ans :Scanning REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

644 174 . In CCTV, black background, ………. are seen Ans :white letters 175.Low vision aid advantages, ………………. Ans :Higher field of vision magnification 176.Disadvantages more expensive, electronic things, only near vision. 177. ………is a money identification. Ans :Notex 178.Angular magnification ………….. Ans :m=ae/ai. 179.It can be shown mathematically that …………. Ans :m = fe\\fo. IV. TRUE OR FALSE : 1. Ophthalmologist have positive attitude towards LVA Ans : True 2. Low vision was introduced by Gerald Fonda 1954 Ans : False 3.Visual acuity less than 6/18 or field of vision less than 15 degree term the point of fixation in the better eye Ans : False 4. The telescope are prescribed for viewing distant object at optical infinity Ans : True

645 5. Notex is used to write letters Ans :False 6. Telescope is not available for hand held Ans : False 7. Stand magnifier does not have constant magnifications Ans :False 8. Stand magnifier have a fixed focus Ans : True 9. The high plus addition with close working distance can obstruct illumination Ans :True 10. The function of a non optical devices is to enhance the use at vision with or without optical aids Ans : True 11. A stand magnifier the image formed is before infinity Ans :True 12. Telescope can be manual method Ans :False 13. Telescope helps in viewing distance object Ans : True 14. Hand magnifier used by hand tremors patients Ans :False 15. Stand magnifiers used by tremors patients Ans :True 16. Stand magnifier auto focus Ans : False 17. High plus addition spectacles available Ans :True REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

646 18. Closed circuit television reading system provides magnified image to monitor screen Ans :True 19. Kestnbaum formula 60/6 = 10d reciprocal of the visual acuity Ans : True 20. LVA counseling and guidance plays on important in sister understanding Ans : False 21. The non optical devices facilities an environment for efficient functioning Ans : True 22. The non optical devices are 10 categories of devices Ans : False 23. Kestenbaum formula required near vision addition will be +10 Ans : True 24. The near vision acuity card is used at 40cm distance and the patient is given a +2.5 add for light house method Ans : True 25. Illumination is an optic device Ans :False 26.A lot of home work or practice increase the visually challenged patients ability to reach their goals Ans : True 27. The refractive error and the terms prescription is longer helpful Ans : False 28. The name of the diseases or condition eye or brain that affected should be explained counseling proper for LVA patient Ans : True

647 29. Non optical devices are seven categories of devices Ans :True 30. Hand magnifier can use without a bifocal addition glass Ans :True 31.Visual acuity in the better eye is less than 3/60 and visual field constricted to less than 10 degree. It is called legal blindness. Ans : False 32. The patient have used stand magnifier without bifocal glass Ans :True 33. The patient have used stand magnifier with bifocal glass Ans : True 34.The plastic lenses are highly recommended forlow vision patient. Ans :True 35.Dark pencil is a optical aid Ans :False 36.Walking stick is a non optical aid Ans :True 37. Signature guide is an optical aid Ans :True V. MATCH THE FOLLOWING : 1. Low Vision - Rehabilitation 2. Gerald Fonda - Low Vision 3. High Myopia - Ocular Condition REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

648 4. Stand Magnifier - Diverge Stand Magnifier 5. Optics Of LVA - With Out Bi-Focal Bi-Focal Addition 6. Hand Magnifier - Magnified Images Auto Focus 7. Stand Magnifier - Reading Task Hand Tremors 8. Optical Device - Stand Magnifier Convex Sphere 9 Telescope - Television Camera With Or Without 10. Hand Magnifier - Optical Aids Reciprocal 11. Hand Magnifier Difficulty - Telescope Converging 12. Constant Magnification - Fixed Focus Notex 13. High-Plus Addition - Large Prism Without Bifocal 14. CCTV - Prismosphere 15. Non-Optical Aids - 16. Kestenbaum Formula - 17. Optical - 18. Hand Magnifier - 19. Stand Magnifier - 20. Non Optical Device - 21. Bar Magnifier - 22. Contrast Sensitivity - 23. Writing Guide -

649 24. Heplerien Telescope - Vertical Prism 25. Pocket Magnifier - Pelli Robson Chart Relative Size - Astronomical Telescope 26. Magnification - With Bifocal 27. Macula Problem Patient - 3x Magnifier 28. Direct Image - Non Optical Aids 29. Stand Magnifier - Galilean Telescope 30. Hand Magnifier - Blind Category 31. No Perception Of Light Projection Magnification 32. CCTV - Non Optical Device 33. Needle Threaded - Tubular Vision 34. Retinitis Pigmentosa - Optical Device For Distance 35. Monocular Telescope - Relative Size Magnification 36. Large Print Books - Peripheral Distortions Minimized 37. Stand Magnifiers - Shifts the Scotoma 38. Prismosphere - Angular Magnification 39. Magnifier - Signature Guide 40. Typoscope - REFRACTION DEPARTMENT-CBE

650 VI. MISSING LETTERS : 1. _L_UM_NA_ _ O_ - ILLMINATION 2. F_ _AT_O_ - FIXATION MEDICAL 3. M_DI_ _L _NT_R_EN_ _ON - INTERVENTION MEDIAL 4. O_T_CA_RO_ _ Y - INTERVENTION 5. ELE_T_O_ _ C_ _ _ Y - ELECTRONICALLY VII.UNSCRAMBLE : - Glaucoma - Aniridia 1. AGUALOCM - System 2. AAINIRDI - Environment 3. SSYEMT - Reading 4. NORIVNENETM - Evaluation 5. ADIREGN - Guidance 6. UAVAELION - Light House 7. ECNAGIUD 8. EOUSHHTIGL