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Home Explore 6-8 Curriculum

6-8 Curriculum

Published by sarojthapaliya26, 2023-07-01 04:08:46

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;fdb' flos :jf:Yo \uf0b7 :jtGq :jf:Yo \/ - ;db' flos :jf:Yo l;sfO l;k dfgl;s ;d:ofx\u00bf \uf0b7 ;~rf\/ l;k :jf:Yo \uf0b7 ;xsfo{ l; - ;dfwfgsf \uf0b7 ;d:of pkfox\u00bf ;dfwfg l; @=@ k0\\\" f{ ;\/;kmfOsf] kl\/ro \uf0b7 :jJoj:yfk @=# cfw'lgs rkL{ l;k - af6\/l;n \/ Osf;] fg rkL{sf] agfj6 tyf ko| fu] ug{] tl\/sf @=$ ljBfno :jf:Yo 5gf6] k\/LIf0f cfwf\/et\\\" lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7\\\\oj|md, @)&&","k \uf0b7 kh| gg k0| ffnLsf] kl\/ro lbb} \uf0b7 :qL tyf k?' if * k k|hgg k|0ffnLsf] ;k :qL tyf k?' if k|hgg sfo{sf] ;r\\\" L agfpg nufP\/ ;k k0| ffnLsf] kl\/ro \/ sfo{ kg \uf0b7 k'?if tyf dlxnf ;DaGwdf ljBfyL{x\u00bfnfO{ k|hgg k0| fnLsf] lrq agfpg \/ gfd cf\u02c6gf kZ| gx\u00bf n]Vf]\/ eGg nufP\/ lh1f;f afs;df lh1f;f \uf0b7 ;fd'bflos cWoog kl| tj]bgsf] ;f\/ leQ] \/fVg nufO sIffdf 5nkmn klqsfdf k|sfzg ug{ nufP\/ ug{] \uf0b7 k0\\\" f{ ;\/;kmfO \uf0b7 kf:] 6\/ jf>JobZ[ o ;fduL| jf cGt{ut kg{] sfo{x\u00bfsf] ;\\\"rL lrq k|bz{g u\/L tof\/ ug{ nufP\/ ljBfyL{x\u00bfnfO{ :qL tyf k?' if \uf0b7 rkL{sf] k|of]u ug]{ tl\/sfsf] ?h;' r\\\" L k|hgg k|0ffnLsf] agfj6 \/ dfkmt{ :jMdN\\\" ofsg u\/fP\/ sfox{ \u00bf ;lrq j0fg{ ug{ \uf0b7 tgfj, lrGtf, \/ nufpg] 407 \uf0b7 ;dx\\\" ut?kdf ljBfyLn{ fO{ cWoog e|d0f u\/fO{ ;fdb' flos :jf:Yo ;d:ofx\u00bf tyf ;dfwfgsf pkfox\u00bf ;lxtsf] kl| tjb] g tof\/ u\/L k:| tt' Ls\/0f ug{ nufpg] \uf0b7 k0\\\" f{ ;\/;kmfO ;DaGwL Aofg\/ jf kf:] 6\/sf] ko| f]u ul\/ cfw'lgs rkL{sf] kl\/ro, agfj6 \/ ko| fu] ug{] tl\/sfsf] 5nkmn u\/fpg] \uf0b7 :jf:Yo lzIfssf] cuj' fOd{ f ljBfnodf :jf:Yo 5gf6]","- l:j|mlg\u00aa 6:] 6 sfo{j|mdsf] dxTj @=% tgfa (Stress), lrGtf(Anxiety) \/ dfgl;s s'07f (Depression) - sf\/0f \/ c;\/ - Joj:yfkgsf pkfox\u00bf @=^ sGe;g{ l8:c8\/{ - kl\/ro \/ nIf0f - Joj:yfkgsfpkfo x\u00bf @=& nfu'kbfy{ bJ' o;{ g - gLlt, lgod \/ sfg\\\"gsf] hfgsf\/L # kf]if0f \/ #=! s'kf]if0f \uf0b7 :jtGq l;s vfB ;\/' Iff - s'kf]if0fsf] kl\/ro \/ l;k \uf0b7 ;~rf\/ l;k sf\/0fx\u00bf - sk' fi] f0fhGo \/f]usf] \uf0b7 ko| f]u l;k juL{s\/0f \uf0b7 ;d:of ;dfwfg l; \uf0b7 :jJoj:yfk \uf0b7 Go'g kf]if0f \/ l;k clws kfi] f0f - s'kf]if0fhGo \/f]ux\u00bfsf sf\/0f, nIf0f \/ \/f]syfdsf 408","k\/LIf0f sfo{j|mdsf] cfof]hgf dfgl;s s'07fsf u\/L ;fs] f] cfjZostf \/ sf\/0f \/ o;n] dxTjaf]w u\/fpg] kf\/s] f c;\/x\u00bfsf] \uf0b7 ljBfyL{x\u00bfnfO{ tgfj, lrGtf, 36gf ;'gfpg \/ dfgl;s s'07fsf sf\/0f \/ nufP\/ o;n] kf\/s] f c;\/x\u00bf \uf0b7 sGe;{g l8:c8\/{ sf] ;DaGwL 36gf jf cge' j kl\/ro, nIf0f \/ k:| t't ug{ nufO{ 5nkmn Joj:yfkgsf dfkm{t lgrf8] df k\u00a5' ofpg] pkfox\u00bf j0f{g ug{ \uf0b7 dl:t:s dGyg u\/fO{ sGe;g{ nufP\/ l8:c8{\/sf] kl\/ro, nIf0f \/ \uf0b7 nfu'kbfy{ Joj:yfkgsf pkfox\u00bfnV] g b'Jo;{ gla?2sf] nufpg] \/ yk ki| 6 kf\/Llbg] gLlt, lgod \/ \uf0b7 nfuk' bfy{ bJ' o;{ gla?4sf sfg'gk|lt ;rt] gLlt, lgod \/ sfgg\\\" sf] u\/fpg] vfnsf hfgsf\/L lbO{ ;rt] u\/fpg] ;Gb]z jf gf\/f jf Aofg\/ agfpg nufP\/ sfO \uf0b7 s'kfi] f0fsf] kl\/ro \/ sf\/0f \uf0b7 s'kfi] f0fsf] kl\/ro \/ % k ;DalGw kf7o\\\\ j:t'df cfwfl\/t sf\/0fx\u00bfsf] kZ| gfQ] \/ sljtf jf uLt \/rgf u\/]\/ ;k kg lzIfssf] ;xof]udf ug{ nufO \uf0b7 sk' f]if0fhGo \/fu] sf] ;d\\\"xut?kdf k|:tt' ug{ sf\/0f, nIf0f \/ nufpg] . \/f]syfdsf \uf0b7 lrq, kf]:6\/ tyf lel8of] pkfox\u00bfsf] ;\\\"rL k|b{zg u\/L sk' fi] f0fhGo tof\/ ug{ nufP\/ \/fu] x\u00bfsf] juL{s\/0f ug{ nufO{ \uf0b7 pkefS] tf :jf:Yo ;'sg] f;, ?Gr], \/StcNktf, ;\/+ If0fdf Wofg \/tGwf,] :seL{, l\/s6] \\\\; \/ lbg'kg]{ s'\/fx\u00bf nV] g df6] f]kgsf sf\/0f, nIf0f \/ nufP\/ cfwf\/et\\\" lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7\\\\oj|md, @)&&","pkfox\u00bf -;s' g] f;, ?Gr], \/StcNktf, \/tGwf], :sle{, l\/s6] \\\\; \/ df6] fk] g_ #=@vfB ;'\/Iff kl\/ro \/ tTj #=#pkef]Stf :jf:Yo ;\/+ If0fdf Wofg lbgk' g{] s'\/fx\u00bf $ \/f]u, ;'\/Iff \/ $=! ofg} \/f]u \uf0b7 :jtGq - kl\/ro k|fylds - \/fs] yfdsf pkfox\u00bf l;sfO l;k pkrf\/ $=@ d'6' \/f]u,dwd' ]x, bd \/ \uf0b7 ;~rf\/ l;k \uf0b7 ;d:of SofG;\/ - \/f]usf sf\/0f \/ nIf0f ;dfwfg l; - \/f]syfdsf pkfox\u00bf \uf0b7 :jJoj:yfk $=# kf| ylds pkrf\/sf l;k \uf0b7 k|ofu] l;k k|d'v ljlwx\u00bf - ABC: Airway, Breathing , and Circulation $=$ ljBfnosf] hf]lvd \/ ;'\/lIft :yfg cfwf\/et\\\" lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7o\\\\ jm| d, @)&&","\/f]syfdsf pkfox\u00bfsf] \uf0b7 vfB ;\/' Iffsf] kl\/ro * cGtl{ s|of ug{ nufpg] \/ tTj emlNsg] k \uf0b7 sk' fi] f0fhGo \/f]ux\u00bf \/ vfB Kn]sf8{ \/ Aofg\/ k ld;fj6sf la?4 Kns] f8{ \/ lgdf0{ f ug{ nufP\/ ;k Aofg\/ lgdf{0f u\/L hgrt] gf kg cleofg ;+rfng ug{ nufpg] \uf0b7 of}g \/f]usf] \uf0b7 vfB ;'\/Iffsf] kl\/ro \/ \/f]syfdsf tTj;DjGwL 36gf jf gf6s pkfox\u00bfsf] ;\\\"rLst[ jf ;j+ fb tof\/ kf\/L ug{ nufP\/ ;dx\\\" ut?kdf k|:tt' ug{ \/ lgrf]8 cfbfg kb| fg u\/fpg] \uf0b7 d6' ' \/fu] , dwd' ]x, bd \uf0b7 pkef]Stf :jf:Yo ;\/+ If0fdf \/ SofG;\/sf sf\/0f, Wofg lbgk' g]{ s'\/fx\u00bf n]lvPsf] nIf0f \/ \/fs] yfdsf rf6j{ f km\\\\Nof;sf8{ k:| t't ub{} pkfox\u00bf nV] g 5nkmn u\/fpg] nufP\/ \uf0b7 ofg} \/fu] sf] \/f]syfdsf \uf0b7 k|fylds pkrf\/sf pkfox\u00bf uG' h ;q ljlwaf6 k|dv' ljlwx\u00bf 5nkmn ug{ nufpg] cjnDag ug]{ tl\/sf atfpg nufP\/ \uf0b7 d6' ' \/f]u, dwd' x] , bd \/ SofG;\/sf sf\/0f, nIf0f \/ \uf0b7 hfl] vdo'St \/ \/f]syfdsf pkfox\u00bfdf ;'\/lIft :yfgx\u00bfsf] ;dx\\\" ut 5nkmn u\/fO{ Goh' lk|G6df nV] g nufO{ 409 sIffdf k|:tt' ug{ nufpg] \uf0b7 k|fylds pkrf\/sf k|d'v ljlwx\u00bfsf] kb| z{g ub{} cEof; ug{ nufpg] \uf0b7 ljBfno kf| \u00cb0fsf] cjnfs] g u\/fO{ hfl] vd \/ ;\/' lIft :yfgx\u00bfsf] sf8{jf]8d{ f","- klxrfg \/ gS;f\u00aas\\\\ g - ljBfno \/ vn] db} fgdf ;\/' lIft xg' ] pkfox\u00bf $=% k|fylds pkrf\/sf] cEof; - n' nfUg', lxpnF ] vfg', n]s nfUg', bftF eflF rg,' cfFvf, sfg, gfs \/ 3f6F Ldf afxo\\\\ j:t' \/ c8\\\\lsg' $=^ljkbsf] cj:yfdf ;'l\/Ift \/xg] tl\/sfx\u00bf - x\/' Latf;, cfuf]nfuL, es\\\" Dk \/ afl9 kx} f| ] % of}lgs tyf %=! lszf]\/fj:yfsf of}g \uf0b7 ;xsfo{ l;k kh| gg lh1f;f \/ ;f] kl| tsf] \uf0b7 ;~rf\/ l;k :jf:Yo ;+odtf \uf0b7 ko| fu] l;k %=@ uew{ f\/0f \uf0b7 ;d:of - OlR5t \/ clglR5t ;dfwfg l; \uf0b7 :jJoj:yfk ue{wf\/0fsf] kl\/ro - ;\/' lIft uek{ tgsf] l;k kl\/ro \uf0b7 ;dfnfr] gfT %=# ue{ lg\/fw] sf s ;f]rfO ;fwgx\u00bfsf] kl\/ro \/ l;k juLs{ \/0f %=$ \/h:jnf rjm| sf] 410","gS;f\u00aa\\\\sg ug{ nufpg] gSzf agfpg \uf0b7 ljBfno \/ vn] d}bfgdf nufP\/ ;\/' lIft xg' ] pkfox\u00bf;d\\\"xut \uf0b7 ljBfno \/ v]n ?kdf Goh' lk|G6 jf d}bfgdf ;'\/lIft xg' ] rf6k{ k] \/df nV] g nufO{ k|:tt' pkfox\u00bfsf] tflnsf ug{ nufpg] agfpg nufP\/ \uf0b7 ;Defljt b'36{ gf \/ To;sf] \uf0b7 ;DjlGwt b3' {6gf \/ kf| ylds pkrf\/ ug]{ t\/Lsf To;sf] k|fylds ;DjGwdf ;dx\\\" ut ?kdf pkrf\/ ug]{ t\/Lsf e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{ nufO clego ug{ nufP\/ 5nkmn u\/fpg] \uf0b7 x\/' Latf;, \uf0b7 ljkbsf] cj:yfx\u00bf -x'\/Latf;, cfufn] fuL, e\\\"sDk \/ cfufn] fuL, es\\\" Dk \/ afl9 k}x|f_] afl9 k}xf| d] f ;'l\/Ift df ;'l\/Ift \/xg] tl\/sfx\u00bf \/xg] tl\/sfsf] l;d'n;] g u\/fO{ jf lel8of] l;d'nz] gsf] ;xkf7L ;fduL| bv] fP\/ ;dx\\\" 5nkmn d\\\"Nofs+g ug{ nufP\/ u\/fpFb} ki| 6 kfl\/lbg] . k \uf0b7 ;fyL ;d\\\"xdf lszf\/] fj:yfdf \uf0b7 lszf]\/fj:yfsf ofg} ^ k b]vf kg{] of}g lh1f;fx\u00bfsf] lh1f;f \/ ;f] k|lt ;k cge' j ;g' fpg nufpg] \/ ;f] ckgfpg' kg]{ ;+odtf kg kl| t ckgfpg' kg]{ ;+odtf k'0f{ eGg nufP\/ Td Jojxf\/x\u00bfsf] ;r\\\" L tof\/ kfg{ \uf0b7 ue{wf\/0f kl\/ro lbg nufpg] nufo\/ \uf0b7 uew{ f\/0fsf] kl\/ro emNsfpg] \uf0b7 clglR5t ue{wf\/0f \/ lrq jf lel8of]sf] dfWodjf6 ;'\/lIft uek{ tgsf] cGtl{ so| f u\/fpg] cjwf\/0ff k|:t't ug{ \uf0b7 ;|ft] lzIfs sIff dfkmt{ nufP\/ clglR5t ue{wf\/0f \/ ;'\/lIft \uf0b7 ue{ lg\/f]wsf uek{ tg ;DjGwdf cGtl{ so| f ;fwgx\u00bfsf] kl\/ro ug{ nufpg] \/ ks| f\/x\u00bf atfpg cfwf\/e\\\"t lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7o\\\\ j|md, @)&&","kl\/ro %=% dlxgfjf\/L - ;\/;kmfO Joj:yfkg - k'gMk|of]u x'g] 3\/n] ' Kof8sf] lgdf0{ f \/ k|of]u ^ zf\/Ll\/s ^=! zf\/Ll\/s s;\/t \uf0b7 l;sfO l;k, s;\/t \/ - xft, kfv\/' f, sd' , \uf0b7 :j Joj:yfk sjfh 5ftL, 9f8 \/ k]6sf] l;k, s;\/t \uf0b7 ;do ^=@ 8d\u00ab sf] tfndf sjfhsf Joj:yfkg cfbz] x\u00bfsf] cEof; l;k, -uf8] fkmf6,;ts,{ bfof\u201c \uf0b7 ;fd\\\"lxs sfo kms{, afof\u201c kms,{ k\\\"\/f l;k, kms{, uf8] f rfn cufl8 \uf0b7 ;xof]u l;k, a9\\\\ bfof\u201c gh\/, l;wf \uf0b7 :jcgz' f;g l;k cfwf\/et\\\" lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7o\\\\ jm| d, @)&&","\uf0b7 ue{ lg\/f]wsf ;fwgx\u00bfsf] nufP\/ kl\/ro \/ o;sf ks| f\/sf \uf0b7 \/h:jnf rjm| sf af\/d] f lh1f;f afs; tof\/ af\/]df j0f{g ug{ kf\/L lh1f;f \/fVg nufpg] \/ nufP\/ ;fyL ;d\\\"x \/ lzIfsaf6 \uf0b7 dlxgfjf\/L ;\/;kmfO lh1f;fsf] ;Djf]wg x'g] u\/L Joj:yfkgdf 5nkmn u\/fpg] kg' Mko| fu] xg' ] ;Sg] \uf0b7 \/h:jnf rj|mnfO{ k|fsl[ ts Kof8sf] gdg' f lgdf0{ f ks| [ofsf] ?kdf :jLsfg{ d'lbt| ug{ nufP\/ jf >JobZ[ o ;fdu|Lx\u00bf cWoog ug{ nufO{ k|fKt lgisi{ f ;fyL ;dx\\\" df cfbfgk|bfg ug{ nufpg] \uf0b7 tflnd kf| Kt jf hfgsf\/x\u00bf dfkm{t dlxgfjf\/L ;\/;kmfO Joj:yfkgdf k'gMk|ofu] xg' ] ;Sg] Kof8sf] lgdf0{ f ug]{ tl\/sfsf] k|bz{g \/ k|of]u ug{ tl\/sf cEof; u\/fpg] \uf0b7 lhp ttfpg] ljm| ofsnfk;Fu} \uf0b7 zf\/Ll\/s s;\/t \/ kg sIff ;'? ug{] sjfh;DaGwL \uf0b7 xft, kfv'\/f, s'd, 5ftL, 9f8 k|ZgfQ] \/ \/ k6] sf] zf\/Ll\/s s;\/t \uf0b7 zf\/Ll\/s s;\/t \/ lzIfsn] k|bzg{ u\/]\/ b]vfpg] sjfh k|bz{g ug{ \/ ljBfyL{x\u00bfnfO{ cEof; ug{ nufP\/ cjnfs] g ^ o{ nufpg] \uf0b7 ljBfyL{sf] k|ultsf] \uf0b7 8\u00abdsf] tfndf ;d\\\"xdf clen]v \/fv\/] , sjfhsf uf8] fkmf6, ;ts{, bfof\u201c kms,{ afof\u201c kms{, k\/\\\" f kms{, uf]8f rfn cufl8 a9\\\\, 411","gh\/, ltt\/ljt\/ \/ 5'6\\\\6L_ & Pynl] 6S; \/ &=! Pyn]l6S; \uf0b7 lj|mofTds l; - #))) ld= sf] bf}8 ;fxl;s \uf0b7 ;do lj|mofsnfkx Joj:yfkg \u00bf - l\/n] bf8} -Aof6g l;k, ko| fu] u\/]\/_ \uf0b7 l;sfO l;k, \uf0b7 ko| fu] l;k, - n\u00aahDksf \uf0b7 l;sfO l;k, r\/0fx\u00bfsf] cEof; \uf0b7 ;xsfo{ l;k, \uf0b7 :jJoj:yfkg - xfOhDk r\/0fx\u00bfsf] l;k cEof; - ;6k6sf r\/0fx\u00bfsf] cEof; &=@ ;fxl;s ljm| ofsnfkx\u00bf - xfjf \/ lxpF df ul\/g] ;fxl;s lj|mofsnfksf] kl\/ro - xfjf \/ lxFpdf ul\/g] ;fxl;s lj|mofsnfksf] cjnfs] g\u00f7cEof; - aGhL hlDk\u00aa, Kof\/fUnfOl8\u00aa, Ko\/f;'6, cfO; :sl] 6\u00aa, cfO; SnfOlDa\u00aa_ 412","bfof\u201c gh\/, l;wf gh\/, ltt\/ ljt\/ \/ 56' \\\\6L sfox{ \u00bfsf] k6s k6s cEof; u\/fpg] ;k \uf0b7 pknAw 7fpd\u201c f lhp ttfpg] \uf0b7 ljleGg lsl;dsf Pynl] 6S; ;DaGwL lj|mofsnfkx\u00bf u\/fp\u201cb} sIff lj|mofsnfkx\u00bf ug]{ z'? ug]{ r\/0fx\u00bf atfpg \uf0b7 nfdf] bf}8sf l;kx\u00bfsf] nufP\/ kl\/ro lbg] \/ lzIfsn] bf8} g] tl\/sf k|bz{g u\/\/] \uf0b7 ljBfyLx{ \u00bf\u00e5f\/f Psn \/ ;fdl\\\" xs b]vfpg] \/ cEof; ug{ ?kdf v]n kb| zg{ , nufpg] g \uf0b7 Aof6g ko| fu] u\/]\/ ul\/g] ug{ nufO{ To;sf] l\/ns] f] cEof; u\/fpg] cjnfs] g u\/]\/ \uf0b7 pk|mg] sfo{ ljBfyLx{ \u00bfnfO{ \uf0b7 ljBfyL{sf] k|ult ^ ljj\/0fsf] clen]v kf| T] ;fxg lb\u201cb} n\u00aahDk, \/fv]\/ xfOhDk \/ ;6k'6ug]{ tl\/sf lzIfn] k|bz{g ug{] \/ \uf0b7 ;fxl;s ;f]xLadfl] hd laBfyL{x\u00bfnfO{] ljm| ofsnfks;DaGw cEof; ug]{ cj;\/ lbg] L k|Zgf]Q\/ u\/]\/ \uf0b7 lhp lr:;fpg] s;\/tx\u00bfu\/L sIff cGTo \uf0b7 xfjf \/ lxFpdf ul\/g] ug{] ;fxl;s \uf0b7 lel8of] jf lrq ;fduL| ljm| ofsnfkdf b]vfP\/ 5nkmn dfWoodaf6 ;xefuL ;fxl;s lj|mofsnfk \/ aGhL ljBfyL{x\u00bfsf] kT| oIf hDkL\u00aa, \u00a5of\u02c6l6\u00aa cjnfs] g u\/\/] \uf0b7 g]kndf xfjf \/ lxpF df ul\/g] cfwf\/e\\\"t lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7o\\\\ j|md, @)&&","- g]kfndf xfjf \/ lxFpdf ul\/g] ;fxl;s ljm| ofsnfksf] ;Defjgf \/ cEof;sf] cj:yf * vn] x\u00bf *=! elnan \uf0b7 ljm| ofTds - cfwf\/et\\\" l;kx\u00bf l;k, -Anls\u00aa, :kfOs_ - elnan v]nsf \uf0b7 l;sfO l;k lgodx\u00bf \uf0b7 ko| fu] l;k \uf0b7 ;do *=@ Kfm'6an - cfwf\/e\\\"t l;kx\u00bf Joj:yfkg -l8a\u00ab ln\u00aa, y|f]Og, ufn] l;k, lslk\u00aa_ \uf0b7 ;dx\\\" sfo - km' 6an vn] sf l;k, ;fwf\/0f lgodx\u00bf \uf0b7 ;xof]u l; \uf0b7 :jcgz' f; *=#Aff:s]6an l;k, - cfwf\/et\\\" l;kx\u00bf - kfl;\u00aa \/ ;l' 6\u00aa_ cfwf\/et\\\" lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7\\\\oj|md, @)&&","k, Kof\/fUnfOl8\u00aa, cfO; :sl] 6\u00aa, ;fxl;s !$ k, , cfO; SnfOlDa\u00aasf] kl\/ro lj|mofsnfksf] lbg] ;Defjgf \/ g \uf0b7 ;;Dej ePsf] jf pknAw cEof;sf] ;DaGwdf :yfgdf lzIfssf] k|ltljDag ug{ o{ pkl:yltdf dffq xfjf \/ nufp\/ lxpF df ul\/sg] ;fxl;s ;k, ljm| ofsnfksf] cEof;df \uf0b7 v]nfOPsf ljleGg ;g ;l\/s u\/fpg] v]nsf ;fwf\/0f \uf0b7 g]kndf xfjf \/ lxFpdf ul\/g] lgodx\u00bf tyf ;fxl;s lj|mofsnfksf] cfwf\/et\\\" ;Defjgf \/ cEof;sf l;kx\u00bf;DaGwL ;Gbed{ f 5nkmn, k|Zgf]Q\/ \/ k|ZgfQ] \/ u\/]\/ JofVofg ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 k|i6 kg{] \uf0b7 elnan, km'6an, af:s]6an, sa88\\\\ L, \uf0b7 gfua]nL cfsf\/df bf}8fpg] \/ vf] vf] \/ lj|ms]6 v]nsf] k|s[lt cg';f\/ xft, dWo] sg' } rf\/j6f v'6\\\\6f \/ 9f8sf] s;\/t vn] sf] l;kx\u00bf h:tf lhp ttfpg] kb| zg{ ug{ nufO{ cjnf]sg u\/\/] lj|mofsnfkx\u00bf u\/fpg] \uf0b7 pknAw 7fpc\u201c g';f\/ \uf0b7 ljBfyLs{ f] JolQmut kmfOn agfO{ k|ult cw{uf]nfsf\/ 3\/] fdf \/fvL ;dx\\\" ;d\\\"xdf 5nkmn \/ 413 ;xeflutfsf] dfWoodaf6 ;DalGwt v]nsf] ;fdfGo lgod \/ tl\/sf atfpg] \uf0b7 ;DalGwt sg' } rf\/ v]n - elnan, km6' an, af:s]6an, sa88\\\\ L, vf] vf] \/ ljm| s6] _","( of]u - af:s]6an v]nsf \uf0b7 ljm| ofTds ;fwf\/0f lgodx\u00bf l;k, l;sfO l;k, *=$sa8\\\\8L v]n - cfwf\/e\\\"t l;ksf] \uf0b7 k|of]u l;k, cEof; 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proportion) sf] kl\/ro \/ k|of]u !)=# lrq lgdf0{ f - sk8f;lxtsf] Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L j:t'x\u00bfsf] ;+of]hg u\/L lrq lgdf0{ f -Still life with Drapery drawing) - dfgj cfs[ltsf :j\u00bfkx\u00bf (Humans forms drawing) sf] lrq lgdf0{ f - dfgjLo ;j+ ]u -xif{ lj:dft, v';L, cfgGb, cfwf\/et\\\" lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7o\\\\ j|md, @)&&","ds\/f;g \/ xnf;g ds\/f;g xnf;gsf] sfo{x\u00bfsf] lzIfsn] kb| z{g cEof; ug{ nufO{ u\/]\/ bv] fpg] cjnfs] g u\/\/] \uf0b7 lzIfsn] k|bzg{ u\/k] l5 ljBfyLx{ \u00bfnfO{ cEo f;df \uf0b7 ;l\/s u\/fpg] \/ cjnfs] g k ug]{ \uf0b7 g]kfnL snfsf] !) k \uf0b7 kl\/ro lbg nufP\/ k \uf0b7 g]kfnsf ljleGg ;k \uf0b7 x:tsnf \/ lrqsnfaf6 If]qdf kr| lnt ags] f ljleGg j:t'x\u00bf tyf lrq jf lel8of] k|bz{g u\/L snfsf ljljw snfsf] kl\/ro lbg] k|sf\/ Pjd\\\\ z}nLsf] \uf0b7 gk] fnL snf ;:+ s[ltaf\/] kl\/ro lbg nufP\/ ljBfyLn{ fO{ ;dx\\\" ;dx\\\" df \uf0b7 snfsf cfwf\/e\\\"t 5nkmn u\/fpg] lgodx\u00bf atfpg \uf0b7 glhs} \/xs] f s'g} P]ltxfl;s nufP\/ :yndf ed| 0f u\/fO g]kfnL snf Pjd\\\\ zn} Lsf] 5nkmn \uf0b7 snfsf cfwf\/e\\\"t u\/fpg] gk] fnL snfsf] lgodx\u00bfsf] kl\/ro lbg] k|of]usf] cjnf]sg \uf0b7 gk] fnL snfsf] dx\u0152j u\/\/] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u\/fpg] \uf0b7 l:y\/ j:ts' f\\\\ lrq snfsf cfwf\/et\\\" lgodaf\/] kl\/ro lbgs' f ;fy} snfdf lgdf{0f u\/s] f] ko| f]u xg' ] kfl\/eflifs cjnf]sg u\/]\/ zAbfjnLsf] hfgsf\/L lbg] \uf0b7 dfgj cfsl[ tsf (balance, composition, cfwf\/e\\\"t :j?kx\u00bfsf] lrq Proportion) \/rgf u\/s] f] \uf0b7 ljleGg l:y\/ j:t'sf] ;fydf cjnfs] g u\/]\/ sk8fsf 6'j|mfsf ;fy} 415","zf]s cflb_ nfO{ cleJoSt ug{] lrq tof\/ u\/L pkoS' t \/\u00aa e\/0f !! 5kfO, !!=! sfle\u00aa{ ljlwaf6 gdg' f \uf0b7 l;sfO l;k lgdf0{ f - df6fsf] sfd, sf7\u00f79\u00aa' \\\\uf\u00f7df6f_] \uf0b7 \/rgfTds sfn] fh \/ ;f]r l;k !!=@ df6faf6 ;fwf\/0f lgdf{0f d\\\"lts{ f] lgdf{0f - \uf0b7 k|of]u l;k \uf0b7 :jtGq Simple l;sfO l;k \uf0b7 ;xsfo{ l; !!=# pknAw ;fduL| sf] ko| f]u u\/L j:t'sf] lgdf{0f 416","lunf;, df6fsf] ef8f, \uf0b7 dfgjLo ;+j]usf] kmnkmn\\\" , sk h:tf ljleGg cleJolSt -xif{ lsl;dn] \/fvL cjnfs] g ug{ lj:dft, v;' L, nufpg] \/ tL j:ts' f] lrq cfgGb, zf]s h:tf sfg] { nufpg] dfgljo ;+j]u_ sf] \uf0b7 dfgj cfsl[ tsf cfwf\/et\\\" lrq agfPsf] :j?kx\u00bfsf] lrq \/rgf - cjnf]sg u\/\/] Human forms drawing) ug{] tl\/sf >JobZ[ o ;fdu|L \/ lzIfs :jod\\\\n] k|bzg{ ug]{ \/ ljBfyLn{ fO{ cEof; u\/fpg] \uf0b7 dfgjLo ;j+ u] sf] cleJolSt - xif{ lj:dft, v;' L, cfgGb, zf]s h:tf dfgjLo ;+j]u_ nfO{ lrqdf kl| tljDag ug{] tl\/sf kb| zg{ ug]{ \/ cEof; u\/fpg] k \uf0b7 lrq jf >JobZ[ o ;fdu|Lsf] \uf0b7 sfle\u00aa{ ljlwaf6 ^ k|of]u u\/L sfle{\u00aa ljlw - sf7\u00f79\u00aa' \\\\uf\u00f7df6fdf k carving) ljlwsf] kl\/ro agfPsf] gd'gf k lbg] \/ of] ljlwaf6 agfOPsf cjnfs] g u\/]\/ ;k gdg' fx\u00bf k|bzg{ ug]{ tyf \uf0b7 df6faf6 ;fwf\/0f sf7\u00f79\u00aa' \\\\uf\u00f7df6f] dWo] dl\\\" ts{ f] lgdf{0f u\/s] f] pknAw j:t'df sfle{\u00aa u\/L cjnf]sg u\/]\/ gd'gf tof\/ ug{ nufpg] \uf0b7 :yfgLo :t\/df \uf0b7 df6faf6 ;fwf\/0f d\\\"ltx{ \u00bf pknAw tyf v]\/ lgdf0f{ ug]{ tl\/sf k|bzg{ uPsf j:tx' \u00bfsf] ug{] \/ ljBfyL{x\u00bfnfO{ ;dx\\\" k|ofu] u\/L ckl] Ift jf Psn ?kdf lgdf{0f ug{ j:t'sf] gd'gf nufpg] agfPsf] cjnfs] g cfwf\/et\\\" lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7\\\\oj|md, @)&&","!@ ufog \/ !@=! ;\u00aau\\\\ Lt \uf0b7 l;sfO l;k jfbg - dfgj hLjgdf \uf0b7 k|of]u l;k ;\u00aa\\\\uLtsf] dxTj \uf0b7 ;do - ;\u00aau\\\\ Ltsf kfl\/eflifs Joj:yfkg zAbfjnLx\u00bfsf] l;k kl\/ro -;Kts, yf6, :s]n, \/fu, \uf0b7 :jtGq :yfoL cGt\/f, l;sfO l;k zf:qLo, nf]s tyf cfwl' gs uLt_ \uf0b7 ;~rf\/ l; 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- bfb\/f \/ sx\/jf;lxt ?ks jf emktfnsf uLt \/ w'gx\u00bfdf tfnjfB ahfpg] cEof; - \u2030ofp\/,] VofnL, ;dnf \/ ;n] f] tfnsf] cEof; - :yfgLo nfs] afhfx\u00bf -s'g} Ps ;'\/ afhf \/ bO' {cf]6f tfn afhf_ ahfpg] cEof; 418","cEof; u\/fpg] \uf0b7 l;ss] f uLtx\u00bfdf \uf0b7 sg' } :yfgLo uLt jf \/fli6o\u00ab Major\/minor uLt klxrfg ug{ nufpg] \/ ltgLx\u00bfnfO{ no, tfn \/ scale sf] ;fdfGo xfpefp;lxt ufpg nufpg] cEof; u\/]sf] \/ lzIfsn] cjnf]sg u\/\/] cfjZostfcg';f\/ \uf0b7 bfb\/f \/ k|ofu] fTds kIfdf ;xof]u sx\/jf;lxt ?ks ug]{ jf emktfnsf uLt \uf0b7 xfdfl{] god jf lsaf8] {df xg' ] \/ w'gx\u00bfdf tfnjfB ahfPsf] Major scale\/ minor cjnfs] g u\/\/] :s]nsf] ;fdfGo kl\/ro lbg] \uf0b7 \u2030ofp\/], VofnL, \uf0b7 l;s]sf uLtx\u00bfdf Major ;dnf \/ ;]nf] tfndf aHg] scale\/ minor :s]nsf] af]nx\u00bfsf] ;fdfGo cEof; u\/fpg] tfnjfBdf ahfPsf] \uf0b7 bfb\/f -wfwLgfwftg' f_ \/ cjnfs] g u\/]\/ sx\/jf -wfug] lt gswL+gf_ ;lxt ?ks \/ emktfnsf] \uf0b7 :yfgLo uLt \/ wg' x\u00bfdf tfnjfB nfs] afhfx\u00bf ahfpg] ;fdfGo cEof; 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ljBfyLn{ ] u\/]sf ko| f]ufTds sfo\u00f7{ kl\/of]hgf sfos{ f] jf:tljs dN\\\" of\u00aa\\\\sg -authentic assessment_ ugs{ f nflu ?laS| ;\u00f7>0] fL dfkgsf] ljsf; u\/L k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . @ ?h' ;r\\\" L tyf :jf:Yo, zf\/Ll\/s tyf l;h{gfTds snfsf l;kx\u00bf tyf kf7ut ?kdf >]0fL dfkg ljBfyLd{ f ljsf; xg' k' g{] 1fg, l;k tyf clej[lQ, cleJolSt Pjd\\\\ Jojxf\/sz' n l;ksf] dfkg ug{ ?h;' r\\\" L, >0] fL dfkg nufotsf Jojxf\/ cjnfs] g kmf\/d ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5 . # ;xeflutf \/ ljBfyLs{ f] sIff sfo{, kl\/of]hgf sfo,{ k|ofu] fTds sfo,{ lgoldttf cflbsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg dN\\\" of+sg ug{ ;lsG5 . sIffdf lbPsf sfo{x\u00bf lgoldt ?kdf ;ljm| otfk\\\"j{s u\/] gu\/]sf], u\/s] f] eP ;xL ?kdf u\/] jf gu\/s] f] x\/] L ljBfyLs{ f] d\\\"Nofs+ g ug{ ;lsG5 . ;xL sfo{ gu\/]sf] eP cfjZos ki[ 7kfi] f0f lbg] \/ u[x sfo{ jf ;d]t lbg ;lsG5 . $ ljBfyL{ sfo{sf] ljBfyL{ u\/s] f sfox{ \u00bfsf] k|bz{g u\/fO{ pgLx\u00bfsf] sfo{sf] d\\\"Nof+sg ug{ kb| z{g ;lsG5 . k|bz{gsf] jm| ddf sdLsdhf]\/L b]lvP cfjZos ki[ 7kf]if0f tyf ;xof]u u\/L l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n u\/fpg ;lsG5 . % :j d\\\"Nofs+ g tyf kT| o]s kf7df sIff ;xeflutf, u[xsfo\u00f7{ kl\/of]hgf sfo,{ k|ofu] fTds sfos{ f k|ltlaDag j|mddf ljBfyL{x\u00bfn] b]vfPsf] ;lj|motf, l;hg{ fTdstf, l;sfO Jojxf\/ kb| zg{ , sfo{ :t\/, k|blz{t Jojxf\/sz' n l;kx\u00bfsf] :t\/nfO{ kl| tlaDag ug{ nufP\/, :j dN\\\" of+sgsf] ;fwgx\u00bf ?h' ;\\\"rL, >]0fL dfkg, ?la|S; ko| f]u u\/L l;sfOsf] :t\/sf] n]vfhfv] f ug{ ;lsG5 . ^ ;xkf7L d\\\"Nofs+ g sIffsf ljBfyL{x\u00bfn] Ps csf{sf] sfo{sf] d\\\"Nof+sg ug],{ ;Fu} a;\/] ul\/Psf 428 cfwf\/e\\\"t lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7o\\\\ jm| d, @)&&","sfox{ \u00bfsf] dN\\\" ofs+ g ug{] u\/L k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt ug{] cj;\/ kb| fg ug{ ;lsG5 . & dfl} vs kZ| gf]Q\/ lzIf0f l;sfOs} jm| ddf ljleGg ljifoj:t'df :ki6tf sfod ug,{ hfgs] f s'\/fx\u00bfsf] kl| tljDag ug{ df}lvs k|Zgf]Q\/ ug{ ;lsG5 \/ l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n eP gePsf] hfgsf\/L kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 . * cleefjs ljBfnodf l;sfPsf s'\/fx\u00bf 3\/ Jojxf\/df ko| f]u u\/] gu\/s] f,] kl\/of]hgf kl| tlj|mof tyf ux[ sfo{ u\/] gu\/]sf] tyf ;du| l;sfOdf cleefjsf] k|ltlj|mof lng,] lzIfs \/ cleefjs tyf cleefjs \/ ljBfyL{lar 5nkmn cGtlj|m{ of u\/]\/ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfjZos ki[ 7kfi] f0f lbg ;lsG5 eg] lzIfsnfO{ klg o;af6 lzIf0f l;sfO k|lj|mofdf ;'wf\/ ug]{ cj;\/ k|fKt x'G5 . ( lnlvt sfo{ tyf l;sfO ;xhLs\/0fsf] jm| ddf, kf7 jf PsfOsf] cGtdf, dlxgfsf] cGtdf, k\/LIff q}dfl;s tyf cw{jflif{s ?kdf ;a} txdf k|Zgx\u00bf lgdf0{ f u\/L ljBfyL{ lgwfl{ \/t ljifoj:td' f xfl;n u\/]sf 1fg, l;kx\u00bfsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{ ;lsG5 . lg0f{ofTds d\\\"Nof\u00aas\\\\ gsf] sn' ef\/sf] %) k|ltzt cfGtl\/s d\\\"Nof\u00aas\\\\ gsf \u00bfkdf cfGtl\/s d\\\"Nof\u00aas\\\\ gaf6 ;dfj]z ul\/g] 5 eg] clGtd k\/LIffaf6 afFsL %) k|ltzt c\u00aa\\\\s ;dfj]z ul\/g] 5 . ^=@ cfGtl\/s d\\\"Nof\u00aa\\\\sg cfGtl\/s d\\\"Nof\u00aa\\\\sgsf] c\u00aas\\\\ sf] lglZrt ef\/ cfGtl\/s d\\\"Nof\u00aa\\\\sgsf \u00bfkdf clen]lvt ug'k{ 5{ . o;sf nflu cfGtl\/s dN\\\" of\u00aa\\\\sgnfO{ clen]lvt u\/L kT| o]s ljBfyLs{ f] sfo{;~rlosf (Portfolio) Jojl:yt u\/L \/fVg'k5{ .o:tf] clen]vsf cfwf\/df lgDglnlvt kIfdf tfl] sPcg;' f\/sf] ef\/sf] c\u00aas\\\\ cfGtl\/s dN\\\" of\u00aa\\\\sgsf \u00bfkdf ;dfj]z ul\/g] 5 : l;= d\\\"Nof\u00aas\\\\ gsf kIf ef\/ g=+ ! ;xeflutf tyf ;lj|motf M sIffdf pkl:ylt, sIff sfo{, ux[ sfo,{ kl\/of]hgf sfo{ $ tyf k|of]ufTds sfod{ f ;xeflutf \/ ;lj|motf @ ko| fu] fTds\u00f7kl\/of]hgf sfo{ #^ # qd} fl;s k\/LIff !) hDdf %) k|ofu] fTds tyf kl\/ofh] gf sfos{ f] d\\\"Nof\u00aas\\\\ gsf cfwf\/x\u00bf :jf:Yo, zf\/Ll\/s tyf l;h{gfTds snfsf] kl\/ofh] gf tyf k|of]ufTds sfo{ ljj\/0f jm| =;= Ifq] sfo{ ljj\/0f c+sef\/ sl} kmot ! :jf:Yo kl\/of]hgf tyf k|ofu] fTds sfo{ ;~rfng tyf sfo{ $ ;Dkfbg kl\/ofh] gf tyf ko| fu] fTds sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] $ clen]vLs\/0f @ zf\/Ll\/s kl\/of]hgf tyf ko| f]ufTds sfo{ ;~rfng tyf sfo{ !) cfwf\/et\\\" lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7\\\\ojm| d, @)&& 429",";Dkfbg kl\/ofh] gf tyf ko| f]ufTds sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] $ clen]vLs\/0f # l;hg{ fTds kl\/ofh] gf tyf k|of]ufTds sfo{ ;~rfng tyf sfo{ !) snf ;Dkfbg kl\/ofh] gf tyf k|of]ufTds sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] $ clen]vLs\/0f hDdf #^ &=# cfjlws dN\\\" of\u00aa\\\\sg lg0fo{ fTds dN\\\" of\u00aas\\\\ gdf clGtd k\/LIffsf] ef\/ %) k|ltzt x'g]5 . kT| os] k\/LIffdf k|Zg ;fW] bf z}lIfs ;qsf] ;'?b]lv k9fO ePsf ;a} kf7x\u00bfaf6 ;dl] 6Psf] x'gk' g{]5 . o; ljifosf] k\/LIffdf ljzi] f u\/]\/ 1fg \/ afw] , ko| fu] \/ pRr bIftfdf cfwfl\/t xg' ]5g\\\\ . kf7\\\\oj|mdn] lgwf\/{ 0f u\/]sf p2]Zocg'\u00bfk ljBfyLx{ \u00bfn] 1fg, l;k, clejl[ Q k|fKt u\/] gu\/]sf] dN\\\" of\u00aas\\\\ g u\/L To;sf] cfwf\/df kd| f0fLs\/0f ul\/G5 . clGtd k\/LIffsf] kZ| gkq kf7\\\\oj|md ljsf; s]Gbn| ] tof u\/]sf] ljlzi6Ls\/0f tflnsfnfO{ cfwf\/ dfgL lgdf0{ f ul\/gk' 5{ . 430 cfwf\/e\\\"t lzIff -sIff ^\u2013*_ kf7o\\\\ j|md, @)&&"]


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