Atlantic Coast Pilot - Boston to New York -1878

92 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. shoal of The Middle Ground bears from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house W. by :N., one mile and a half, and from Hyannis Light-house S. ! W., three miles and five-eighths distant. The buoy is placed to the northwestward of the shoalest part, and bears from Hyannis Light-house S. by W. t W., three miles and three-eighths, and from the large red bell-buoy on the West-Southwest northern side of the channel SE. by s. t s., nearly one mile distant. This bell-buoy Ledge. is on \"\\Vest-Southwest Ledge, the southernmost of the shoals making to the southward from Hyannis Point; and in winter time it is replaced by a red spar-buoy. This ledge, which is sometimes also called Gangway Rock, has about eight foot at mean low water, and bears from Hyannis Light-house SW. by B., nearly three miles; from Point Gammon tower W. by S.·, f s., two miles and three-eighths; and from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house :NW. by W. t W., three miles distant. The bell-buoy is placed to the southeastward of the rock, in seventeen feet ·water, and bears from Hyannis Light-house SE. by S. ! s .. two miles and three-quarters, and from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house :NW. by W., two miles and fivEH!ighths distant. Kooping Bass River light open to the southward of Point Gammon, on a bearing of E NE., leads clear of this ledge. The sailing- lines, however, pass from one-third to hal£ a mile to the southward of it. Next to the westward of the bell-buoy on West-Southwest Ledge will be seen a Hodges Rook. spar-buoy, painted red and black in horizontal stripes. This is on Hodges Rock, with five and a half feet at mean low water, which lies a quarter of a mile to the westward of 'Vest-Southwest Ledge, an~ marks also the eastern side of the entrance to Centreville. The buoy is placed on the western side of the rock, in three fathoms water, and bears from Hyannis Light-house SW.! S., three miles; from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house :NW. by W. t W., three and one-eighth miles; and from the bell-buoy on West-Southwest Ledge W. by N. t N., five-eighths of Amile distant. T11e sailing-line passes three-quarters of a mile to the southward of it; so that it is not in the way unless a vessel is standing to the northward on a wind. When past Hodges Rock there are no dangers for two miles, when, if beating to Horse-Shoe the westward, it will be necessary to look out, on the southern side of the channel, for Shoal. the northeastern arm of the great Horse-Shoe Shoal, the most extensive of all the shoals in Nantucket Sound. It receives its name from its shape, which is somewhat that of a horse-shoe, though the southern arm is much longer than the northern. It is composed entirely of hard sand, and is dry in several places at mean low water. The eastern extremity of the northern arm may he said to begin with what is known as the Broken Ground, which has from fourteen to seventoon feet upon it, and is marked by a black spar-buoy placed in three fathoms on its eastern side. This buoy bears from Mlle&. Bishop and Clerk's Light-house, SW. by W. l W·-------------------- 31 NW. by W. ! 11 ! CHraonsdskRericphLieifg\"hLt-ivgehst-sveel,ss:Ne.l,i W------------------------- E._________ 5t ___________________________ Hyannis Light-house, S. by W. i W-------------------------------- 5t From this buoy the northern arm of the shoal extends to the westward, first about WNW. for a mile and seven-eighths, and then W. ! S. for about two miles, to what may he called the \"toe\" of the Shoe at the northwestern end of the shoal, and the junction of .the northern and southern arms. Throughout the above extent the depth is from seven to fourteen feet, hard sandy bottom; but at the northwestern end or \"toe\" it is dry, and here is placed a large black spar-buoy, marked No. 9, and anchored in four fathoms close to the dry part. In passing through the North Channel, therefore, vessels should not go to the southward of Bishop and Clerk's Light-house bearing E. f N., or Suoconesset Shoal Light-vessel bearing W. ::Northerly. The black buoy on the northwestern end of the Horse-Shoe bears from Miles. 6f:Bishop and Clerk's Light-house, W. ! S.Souther)y __________________ _ 7fHyannis Light-house, SW.! W. ----------------------------------- Su.oconesset Shoe;! Light-vessel, E. bys.------------------& little over 2 PBoigpeLLigighht-tv-heossuesle, , ll:iNWE.. :JN.'11.'. ----------------------& little over 7 !- tCape by by :N. _________ ..;. ________ ,... ________ _ 6! Crosa The southern a.rm of the Horse-Shoe extends from the \"toe\" :first SSW. Westerly for nearly a mile and a half, then SE. bys. for a little over two miles and a quarter, where is placed a red nun- buoy, (No. 14,) marking the northern side of the South or Main Channel. From this buoy its course is first BE. by E. :Nearly for two miles and a half; then SB. by E. i B. for two miles, to where the main body of the shoal t.erminat.es, with Cross Rip Light--vessel bearing W. ! s., distant one mile. But, about a mile and three-eighths to the eastward of this point, there is a patch of broken ground exten<1ing nearly lli NE. and 8 SW. for a mile and an eighth, with from thirteen to sixteen f4llet upon :-0it; .a.nd o:ff its sou~rn end is placed a red nnn;-buor, marked No. 12, wJ.llch is also a guide. . the Main Channel. This buoy beats from Cross Rip Light-vea3el ·E. i s .• distant two and th~th.<1 miles. · ·

NANTUCKET SOUND. 93 The depth along the southern a.rm of the Horse-Shoe varies from one foot to S/ue4 across sixteen feet at mean low water, and there are several spots which are bare. Narrow Hor:;e-Shoe slues traverse the shoal at intervals, through which from thirteen feet to five fathoms Shoal. may be carried; but these p~<>'es are not safe for strangers. The northernmost of these erosses the shoal on a W. by S. and E. by :N. course, at a distance of nearly two miles and three-quarters to the southeastward of the black buoy on the northwestern end, and has not less than thirteen feet water in it. It may be traversed with that depth of water by bringing Cape Poge Light-house to bear SW. by W. and steering for it; or, by bringing Bishop and Clerk's Light-house to bear :NE. by E. t E., and steering SW. by W. t W. The second slue, through which not less th.an four fathoms may be taken, crosses the shoal a little over a mile to the southeastward of the northern passage, and about three miles and three-quarters from the black buoy on the northwestern end of the shoal. It is, however, crooked; and not more than fifteen feet can be taken through it on a straight course. To carry this depth it is necessary to bring Cape Poge Light-house to bear SW. by W. :f W. and steer for it. The middle slue is separated from the one just described by a shoal about a quarter of a mile wide and running in an E. ! :N. and W. ! S. direction. It iB eight hundred yards wide at its narrowest part, and not less than five fathoms may be taken through it by following the directions here given. Vessels should bring Bishop and Clerk's Light-house to bear N. :f E., distant fivo miles, and Cross Rip Light-v€SS€1 SW. !- W., distant three miles, when the depth V1'1.ll be eight fathoms, and the course W. Southerly through the slue, with not less than five fathoms, until Cross Rip Light-vessel bears BE. by E. i E., when the course may be shaped through the Main Channel either to the eastward or to the westward. This channel may be used in an emergency by strangers. The southeastern slue runs in a nearly :N. and S. direction between the southea.st.ern extremity of the shoal proper and the broken ground to the eastward of it, aud may be crossed with not less than four fathoms by bringing Bishop and Clerk's Light-hoUBe t.o bear N. by E., and steering S. by W. until This is the widest of the passages across the Horse-Shoe,- Cross Rip Light-vessel bears W. by N. t N. heing in no place less than three-quarters of a. mile wide between the lines of three fathoms. It may al'!O be remarked that not less than thirteen feet may be taken across the shoal by bringing Cross-Rip Light-vessel to bear SW, ! W. and steering for it. The sailing-lines of the North Channel pass from three-eighths to three-quarters of a mile to the northward of the northern arm of the Horse-Shoe, and directions for avoiding this part of the shoal in contrary winds have ·been given above; but there are also shoal, ·spots on the 'northern side of tlii.8 channel, which should be carefully avoided by vessels of over six: feet draught. These shoals lie in a line about S. by E. t E. from the Deep Hole of Osterville, and ext.end over three miles and a quarter from the northern shore of Nantucket Sound,-the sailing-lines of the North Channel passing within seven hundred yards of the southernmost. This southern shoal is about a mile long in an E. and W. direction, and its shoalest part, which has ten feet, hears from Hyannis Light-house SW. ! w .• six miles and one-eighth; from Bishop and .Clerk's Light-house W. t :N., nearly six miles; and from Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel E. by N. i :N., nearly throo miles distant. It is not buoyed, but is easily avoided by not going to the northward of Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel bearing W. by S. is. The shoal spots to the northward of this do not obstruct this channel. When abreast of the black spar-buoy on the northwestiern end of the Horse-Shoe a light-vessel will be seen to the northward of the course, bearing about W. and nearly two miles distant; and continuing the cburse to the southwestward, there will soon appear, about three points to the northward of the course and about a mile distant, a red spar-buoy, and a black spar-buoy a little to the southward of the course and about three-quarters of a mile oft'. The light-vessel is called Succonesset Shoal Light- veseel; the red buoy on the northern side is on Wrook Shoal, and the black buoy to the southward of tbe course is on Eldri~'s Shoal. Wreck Shoal, which has ten feet at mean low water, is a little over a mile and a Wr.eck Slloal duarter long in an EXE. and WSW. direction, and nearly half a mile wide, with ecp wat.er on both sides of it, and a passage three-eighths of a mile wide, with over four fathoms, ?etween it and Succonesset Shoal. The least water on this shoal (ten feet) is about midway between its eastern and western ends,~undings on the other parts varying from twelve to fifteen feet,-and Nbout a quarter of a mile to the southward of the r;;hoalest spot is placed the buoy, which is a red spar, ?· 16, and bears from the black buQy on the uorthwest.ern end of the Horse-Shoe W. by :N. l :N., a. mile and a half, and from Suooona>set Shoal Light-v03Sel E •. by :N., a little over half a mile dist.ant. ~ThooaalvoLiidgthht-isv shoal, when standing to t he northward, vessels should not cross the range of Succonesset essel and the buoy, when to the eastward of the latter; and, when to the westward of the uoy, should~ a.bo.ut when the light-vessel bears W. b Eldr:Hlge s Shoal, which has six feet a.t mean· low water at im shoalest part, lies :NE. Eldridge•• 'YE: and SW. bl W. and is a little over half a mile long. The black spar-buoy Sltoa/. lll~ntioood above IS marked No. 11, placed in eighteen feet water nearly four hundred Jarels to the northward of the shoalest part of the bar, And bears from the black buoy on the north- West.ern end of the Horse-Shoe W. i; 8., one mile and a quart.er, mad from SucoolWISSet Shoo.l Light-vessel

94 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. SE. by E. I- E., distant nearly one mile. The sailing-lines pass to the northward of it, at distances of from two hundred to four hundred yards. There is an excellent channel a mile wide, and with from four to eleven fathoms in it, between this shoal and the western end of the Horse-Shoe, and ve.sseis may safely pass through it by bringing Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel to bear W. -! S., Hyannis light NE. t E., and steering SW. by W. l W. until Nobska Point light bears W. by N. i N., or Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel NE. by N. :f N., when they will be in the northern part of the Main Channel, and may steer for N obska Point light with safety. But vessels passing through the North Channel, when within a quarter of a mile Succonesset of the black buoy on Eldridge's Shoal, alter their oourse to the westward, steering Shoal Light- about W. ! N., so as to pass a little to the southward of Succonesset Shoal I.;ight- ressel. vessel, which is placed half a mile S. by E. t E. from the eastern end of Succonesset Shoal, and about three hundred yards to the southwestward uf the western end of Wreck Shoal. It is a schooner-rigged vB9Scl with one red hoop-iron day-mark, and its hull painted in alternate squares of red and cream-color,-the word \"Suco<>'M<J8d\" being painted in large letters on each side. She is moored in six fathoms, and shows a fixed whit.c light from a height of forty feet above the sea, visible twelve miles. The approximate geographical position of this vessel is Latitude--------------------------------------41° 32' 12'' N. Longitude------------------------------------70° 251 48\" W., and it bears from t Miles. Hya.nnis Light, SW. by W. W._______________________________nea.rly 9 .Bishop and Clerk's Light, W. fS·------------------------------------ 81 .Black Buoy on the northwestern end of the Horse-Shoe,W. byN.,a little over 2 Black Buoy on the northwestern end of' Eldridge's Shoal, :Nw. by W. i W. --------------------------------------------------nearly 1 Rip Light-vessel. NW. t EN. !- ------------------------------------ 8f Cross Cape Poga Light-house, N. by E._________________________________ 6! tEdgartown Light-house, NE. by N. N·----·-------------------------- 9 East Chop Light-house, E NE.____________________________a little over 7 Holmes' Hole Light-house, {West Chop,) E. byN. i N._____________about 8 Nobske. Point Light-house, E. §- S. ______________________________ nearly 10 Fog-signal. A fog-bell is rung upon this vessel, during thick weather, at inrervals not exceed- ing :five minutes; and there is also a horn and a gun for use in case of necessity. Succanssset Suceonesset Shoal is about a mile and a quarter long in a nearly E. and W. Shoal. direction, and has from five to sixteen feet water upon it. It lies to the southeastward of Succonesset Point,-its we;;tern end being about a mile from shore; but there is no safe passage inside of it,--shoal water making off from the point to within a quarter of a mile of its western end. On the eastern end of the shoal, in twenty feet water, is placed a red spar-buoy, No. 18,- a guide for vessels bound from Hyannis or Centreville to the westward, which are aooustOmed to pass between 'Vreck Shoal and Succonesset Shoal. The buoy bears from Sucoonesset Shoal Light-vessel nearly N. by W., half a mile, and from the bell-buoy on West-Southwest Ledge W. by s. t S., si:x: and three-quarter miles distant. Several, a/wul, 8]XJl8 with fifteen and .sixteen feet water lie off the southern side of Suooonesset Shoal, about a third of a mile dist.ant. The easternmost of these is a quarter of a mile NW. t W. from the light-vessel, and the westernmost a little over half a mile W. :f N. from the same vessel. Vessels passing through the North Channel should, therefore, when in this vicinity, not go farther to the northward than to bring the light-vessel to bear E. i s., or Nobska Point light W. t N. When to the westward of Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel there will soon appear, a little to the southward of the course, a spar-buoy, painted red and black in horizontal stri~. This Sma/rs Shoal. is on the northern end of Small's Shoo.I, a detached shoal lying in a nearly NE. by :N. and SW. by 8. direction, about midway between Suooonesset Shoal and the eastern end of L'Homme Dieu. It is about a quart.er of a mile long and a hundred and fifty yards wide, with nine feet upon it at mean low water, and from three to six fathoms on all sides of it. Vessels using the North Channel paBS about three hundred yards to .the northward of the buoy1 which bears W. t s. from Suooonesset Shoal light-vessel, a. little over a mile and three-eig• .hths distant. When up with this buoy the eastern end of L'Homme Dien Shoal will bear SW. t s .. .seven-eighths of a mile dist.ant. L'Homme Dieu Shoal is an extensive piece of shoal gronnd ext.ending in an E. l.'Hommt1 Di•\"' bys. t s. and W. by N. t N. direction for :four miles and a half, at an average distance $/Joa/. from the north shore of the Sound of a mile and a half. Although so long, it is in no place over half a mile wide, and bQth its eastern and western ends a.re marked by buoys. The shoalest part begins ne&rly midway of' its length and extends to the westward for a mile and five- eighths, or to within half a mile of the western end, with from three to six feet water upon it; but soundings of from seven t.o eleven feet are found atintervals~~..'c~g;,toothewwn.:hole l~ of the shoal. On the eastern end Qf L'Homme Dfou Shoal is placed a ~oy, No.13, in three fathoms water, which bears from ·

NANTUCKET SOUND. 9.5 Miles. Succonesset Shoal LBi. gth t-vessel; W. by B. l 8------------ ------------- 2! Succonesset Point, W. ---- -- _ ____________________ _______nearly 2-l Holmes' Hole Light-house, E. ~- N·--------------------------------- 5! East Chop Light-house, NE. by E. ! E·---------------------'--------- 4! tCape Poge Light-house, nearly N. W·----------------------------- 5f On the western end of the shoal is placed another black spar-buoy, marked No. 15, which will be the first met with in the North Channel af't.er passing the buoy on the eastern end. It is in four fathoms7 and bears from the Miles. tEastern Buoy, W. by N. t N. ------------------~---------------about 4 !- Bucconesset Shoal Light-vessel, W. N. _______________________nearly 6t Ee.st Chop Light-ho11.Se, N. t E. ______________________________nearly 3 Holmes' Hole Light-house, NE.! N·-------------------------------- 2! If this buoy is made in thick weather, Nobska Point light should bear W. ! N., three miles and a half dis1:ant. There should be placed, both on the northern and southern sides of this shoal and near its middle, other buoys to mark projecting points, which have five and six foet water upon them, and which, at present, mariners have no guides for avoiding in thick weather. At night the rule is not to st.and to the southward of Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel bearing E. jc S., or Nobska Point light W. j N. This avoids the northern side of the shoal and is safe for the large;t vessels. The north shore of Vineyard Sound, from SucoonessetPoint to abreast of the entrance to Waquoit Bay, should not be approached nearer than five-eighths of a mile by large vessels, to avoid the shoal.s which extend off to distance<! varying from a quarter to a little over half a mile. Bucconesset Point itself should not be approached nearer than a mile from any direction, as there is a long shoal with four feet water making off from it to the southeastward. (See also page 94.) To the westward of W aquoit Bay, vessels should keep about five-eighths of a mile from the shore, or should not go to the northward of Nobska Point light bearing W. ! S., until nearly up with the western end of L'Homme Dieu Shoal, when a red spar-buoy will be made to the northward of the course, about three-quarters of a mile to the eastward of Falmouth Harbor. This is on Davis' Neck Shoal, a fiat with from seven to nine feet, making off from Davis' Davi$' Neclr Neck (on the east.em side of Falmouth Harbor) for half a mile. The buoy is marked Shoal. No. 20, and is pllllled in three fathoms to the southward of the shoal; but vessels of large draught should not approach it nearer than a quarter of a mile, or, in other words, should not go to the northward of Nobska Point light bearing W. ! B. This buoy bears from Miles. Nobska Point Light, E. f N. -------------------------------------- 3! 3 lHolmes' Hole Light, N NE·-------------------------------~------­ Bucconesset Shoal Light-vessel, W. by N. --------------------------- 6i Black Buoy on the western end of L'Homine Dieu Shoal, N. by W., a little over 1 When nearly up with the western end of L'Homme Dien Shoal the course turns to the southward, and the North, Middle, and South Channels unite, at a point about a mile and a half to the westward of the black buoy. A straight course, nearly WSW., now leads safely through the Sound and up with the light-vessel off Sow and Pigs Reef, when-0e the course may be shaped for Narragansett Bay, Point Judith, or to clear the southern end of Block Island. Ou this course through the Sound the channel is clear and the north sho:re<! steep-to, and vesse1s may approach any of the islands on this side within three hundred and fifty yards with perfect safety. In standing t.o the south- ward, however, on a wind it will be necessary to look out for The Middle Ground, a The Middle long and very narrow shoal, extending in about an E. by N. and W. by S. direction for Ground. four miles and a half. Its ~rn end begins about six hundred yards NW.-! W. from West Chop, with the light-house bearing nearly SE., half a mile distant. A good channel, with from four to fourteen fathoms in it, exists between this shoal and the northern shore of Martha's Vineyard ; but, although quite safe for vessels drawing eighteen feet, it is rarely used. The east.em end of The Middle Ground has ten feet upon it, and is marked by a can-buoy* of the second class, paint.eel red and blook in horizontal stripes. This buoy bears from Mlles. Holmes~ Hole Light-house, NW·---~------------------------------- ! Nobsk& Point Lig~ SB. f S. ------ ------------------------------- 2f Blaok Buoy on the western end of L'Ho:mme Dieu Shoal. BW. --------- 2! Borisontally'\"8triped Buoy on the western end Of Hedge Fence Shoal, W. by S. l S. -----~--·-----------------------------& little over 2 Cross Rip Lig:ht-veuel, W. by N. f D'·----------~------------------- 14j- T~ Cove ~JI. I s. -----------~------------------------- (If

96 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. Danger:r--Yine- From this buoy the buoy on the wesrern end of The Middle Ground bears w. yard Sound, i B., four miles and a half distant. North Chan- From the buoy on the east.em end of the shoal, soundings of from two to ten nel. feet ex~d to the westward about a mile, after which the depths on the shoal vary between six and ten feet for about a mile and a quarter still farther to the westward. Here The Middle Ground is cr088€d by a slue a mile and a quarter wide with thirteen feet in it, which may be safely crossed with not less than that depth by bringing Nobska Point light to bear N NE. and steering either N NE. or S SW., according as it is intended to cross from the northern or the southern side of the Sound. Soundings of from nine to fourteen feet are found in spots, from.the buoy on the western end of the shoaJ,. to a point about a mile and a quarter to the eastward ; but about three-quarters of a mile to the eastward of this buoy there is another slue with three fathmns, which may be crossed from E. to W. with Tarpaulin Cove light bearing W. by N. -& N., and from N. to B. with Nohska Point light bearing NE. by N. Easterly. Strangers, however, should never attempt to use these passages. '['he western end of the shoal is marked by a nun-buoy of the second class, painted red and black in horizontal stripes, placed in three and a quarter fathoms. The Middle Ground is iu no place over two hundred and fifty yards wide, and the usual sailing- line passes seven-eighths of a mile to the northward of it. In standing to the southward on a wind, when to the eastward of the middle of the shoal, vessels should go about as soon as Tarpaulin Cove light bears W., and when to the westward ofNobska Point light bearing N. t E., they should use the lead frequently and go about as soon as they strike eight fathoms. 'Vl1en Nobska Point light bears NE. i E. they are clear of the western end, and when Holmes' Hole light bears S. by E. i E. they are clear of the east.em end. In standing to the northward, close to N obska Point, a red spar-buoy will be seen No68Ia Point close in with the point, but to the eastward of it. This is on Nobska Point Ledge, a Ledge. rocky reef which makee off to the eastward from the shore at the base of the light- house, and is dangerous only to vessels standing very close to the point. The buoy is marked No. 22, and is placed in sixteen feet water on the eastern side of the ledge. When to the westward of the western end of the Middle Ground vessels may stretch safely from shore to shore of the Sound, with Tarpaulin Cove light bearing anywhere between NW. by W. and N. by W. i W.; but, when to the westward of the latter bearing, it will be necessary to Lucas' Shoal. look out for Lucas' Shoal, a detached shoal with fourteen feet at mean low water, lying in an E. by N. ! N. and W. by B. ! S. direction, and about a quarter of a mile long. The centre of the shoal bears from Miles. Tarpaulin Cove Light, S. ! E. ------------------------------------- 2! tHCeodhanre-str' eHeoNleecLki,gWht,. W.Nb.y--S-. -t-S--._-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-n-e-a-r-ly- f 1 7 tVineye.rd Sound Light-vessel, E. N. ------------------------------ 11 l Gay Head Light, NE. ;f E. ---------------------------------------- 6f The shoal is marked by a can-buoy* 'Of the second class, painted red and black in horizontal stripes, and placed close to the shoalest water. V esseJs standing over towards the Vineyard shore, between the west.em end of The Middle Ground and Lucas' Shoal, must beware, when nearing Cedar-tree Neck, of Norton's lorton'•Rock. Rock, a detached rock, with nine feet at mean low water, lying two hundred and :fifty yards from the shore. It is not buoyed, but is easily avoided by keeping a quart.er of a mile from shore at Cedar-tree Neck, or by not going to the eaBtward Qf Nobs:ka Point light bearing ll:E.fN. When to the westward of Lucas' Shoal, the channel is clear from shore to shore except for a 8mf.lll, spot wifk rdghUen feet upon it, which lies one mile SW. by W. ! W. from Luma' Shoal buoy, and three miles B. by W. Westerly from Tarpaulin Cove light. When in. its vicinity it may be avoided l'f'. by E. l by not going to the eastward tofWT.arpaulin Cove light beliring E., or to the southward of bearing SW. • ·· Gay Head light On the northern side of Gay Head there lies a very dangerous, ragged reef, a large portion of which is bare· at low water, &nd which extends out nearly 1ive-eighths of a mile from The Derir11 land. This is called The Devil's Br~. In southerly and westerly gales the sea breaks Bridge. with great violence over this reef, andmay be heard at a oo:nsiderabte distance ; but the shoal is only dangerous in thick weather, or to ve.B!lels standing dose in to Gay Head. A black nun-buoy of the second class, marked No. 25, is placed in -&ve fathoma water on the extreme northwestern end of the shoal ·~ When past Gay Head, a liJ?ht-vessel will sopn appear to the northward of the Yine,rard Sound course and about live miles off. 'This is V\"ml!yard SQ~ Light:-veesel, which is plooed Light-re:rael a mile to the southwestwa..rd of the Sow and Pigs Beer, and marks the ~ eatrance

NANTUCKET AND VINEYARD SOUNDS. 97 t.o Vineyard Sound. The vessel has two masts, with red hoop-iron day-mark at each mast-head, and the hull painted red with a yellow streak. The :name \"Vineyard Sound\" is painted in black letters on each side. Two fixed white lights are shown from a height of thirty-four feet above the sea, visible eleven miles. In thick weather a first-class steam fog-whistle gives blasts of six seconds' dura- Fog-signal. tion, at inrervals of forty-five seconds. The approximate geographical position of this light-vessel is Latitude----------------------------------- 41° 231 0'1 N. Longitude---------------------------------- 70° 59' O'' w., and its bearings and distances a.re as follows: From Miles. Block Island Southeast Light. E. by N. ! N. ------------------------ 28f Block :Island North Light. E. :f N. ---------------------------nearly 28 Point Judith Light-house, E. ! B·----------------------------------- 22 i Brenton's Reef Light-vessel. (eastern entrance to Narragansett Bay,) E. tbys. 8------------------------------------------------------ 17 t Beaver-Tail Light-house. (entrance to Na.rrage.nsett Bay,) EBE.________ 18f Hen and Chicken.a Light-vessel, (entrance to Buuard.'s Bay,) S. by E. Southerly ---------------------------------------------------- 3! Cuttyhunk Light-house, SW. by W. SoutherlY----------------------- 21 tGay Head Light-house, NW. by W. j- W. __ ------------------------- 7 Sow and Pigs Reef makes off from the western end of Cuttyhunk Island in a nearly Sow and Pig• WSW. direction for a mile and three-eighths, and is bare in several places at mean low Reef. water. There are also a number of boulders, which are always out, scatt-ered along its length. On its wesrern end, a mile and a half WSW. from Cuttyhunk Light-house, is placed a can-buoy of the :first class, painted red, and marked No. 2, with the words \"Sow and PigB\" on its head. This is a guide to Buzzard's Bay; and vessels may enter that bay from. Vineyard Sound by pa&ilng between this buoy and the light-vessel, through a passage nearly a mile wide, with not less than eight fathoms water. The buoy Dea.rs from Vineyard Sound Light-vessel NE. -&- N., nearly one mile distant, and from Hen and Chickens Light-vessel SE. by S. I B., nearly three miles and a quarter distant. To the westward of Sow and Pigs Reef there are no dangers. SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR COASTING THE EAST SHORE OF CA.PE COD .A.ND PASSING THROUGH NANTUCKET AND VINE- Y A.BI> BOUNDS BY THE NORTH CH.A.N1!fEL. I . .II?-. ....-..., _......, a.e .n-i.-. ~ or ..PoU.Ck ..J«p.-With Bost.on Light-house bearing NW. by W. t W., one mile distant, the course a.cross Maasa.chusetts Bay is SE. by E. i E. for thirty- five miles; or, until Race Point bears WSW. Southerly, distant four miles and three-quarters, and Highland light bears SE. by s. i S., distant nearly six miles and a half. The depth will he twenty- three fathoms, and the oourse then~ in good weather, will be SE. i S. for six miles and a half, until Highland light bears SW. by w. l W., a. mile and a. half distant. On this oourae the least depth is thirteen fathoms, and when the light is brought to bea.r, as above, there .will be fourteen fathoms. Thence the course is s. by B. l E. for a little over twelve miles, keeping not less than three-quarters of a mile from the beach, and ca.rryiDg not less than six and a half fathoms, until the middle t.ower of the Nauset Beacons bears SW. by w. f W., distant one mile and seven-eighths; when the depth will be twelve fathoms, and the couree, S. l W. for a little over twenty-seven miles, will lead clear of danger to the Southern or Main Entrance to Nantncket Sound. Bm, ~ inknding to 0-088 Pollock Rip do not prolong the s. t W. colirse for more than fourteen, miles, or, until the southernmost of the Chatham light.a bears NW. by W., about four Dll1es distant, with a. depth of ten fathoms; whenoe the course is SW. by B. f s., for nearly seven miles~ to Pollock Rip J:.dsht-vessel, carrying not less than three anq a quarter fathoms through the slue. ·· ·' Or, .fM s. l W. oourBB may be oontinued until the 80Uthernm.ost of the Chatham lights bears NW. t N ., whence the coume for P91l00k Rip Light-v0!lflel will be SW. by s., carrying not less than three and a quart.er fkthoms. ·. 0. P.-13

98 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. 81ti/ing Direc- Or, on the &. l W. course from abreast of Nausd Beac<ms, when Chatham lights tiona --1/an- bear SW. by W., four and a half miles distant, SW. by S. i S. may be steered, which fucke1 Sound. will lead directly for the red nun-buoy (No. 4) on the southeastern end of the Main Portion of Pollock Rip. This course, however, is not recommended to strangers, who would be apt to become bewildered by the conflicting currents, and might be set on to the Rip. Bringing the light-vessel to bear as above mentioned and steering for it will enable one to cross the slue with safety notwithstanding the currents. From Pollock Rip Lighl-vef!8d the course is W. by N. l N., three and three-eighths miles, for Shovelful Light-vessel, on which course, when within a mile and a quarter of the latter, there will be seen to the northward of the course, bearing about NW.! W., seven-eighths of a mile off, the striped can-buoy on the shoal in mid-channel north of Stone-Horse Shoal. Vessels pass well to the southward of this buoy, carrying not less than six fathoms; and when up with Shovelful Light- vessel steer SW. by W. t W. for Handkerchief Lig.ht-vessel. On this course there is not less than eeven fathoms. It is usual to pass on the north side of Handkerchief Light-vessel, and thence the course by the North Channel is NW. l W., with Bishop and Clerk's Lighkhouse a littfo to the south- ward of the course. The least water will be three and a quarter fathoms; and the course continued F88t Bishop and Clerk's light leads safely through this channel until Hyannis light bears N. t w .• when the depth will be five and a quarter fathoms, and the course W. by S. l S. to pass between Eldridge's Shoal and Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel and on the northern side of the Horse-Shoe. There is not less than three and three-quarter fathoms on this course, and it should be oontinued until Suooonesset Shoal Light-vessel bears W. by N. i N., one mile distant, and Cape Poge Light-house SW. by s. :f s., when the depth will be four fathoms, a quarter of a mile to the eastward of the black buoy on Eldridge's Shoal. Thence the course is W. ! N., passing two hundred and fifty yards to the south- ward of Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel and to the northward of Small's Shoal and L'Homme Dieu Shoal, with not less than five fathoms of water. On this course, when nearly up with the black buoy on the western end of L-,Homme Dieu Shoal, in twelve fathoms, with Nobska Point light bearing W. and Holmes' Hole light SW. ! s., the course through Vineyard Sound is W. by S. i S., which clears all dallecrers, and carries not less than nine fathoms after passing to the westward of Nobska Point light. On this course, when Vineyard Sound Light-vessel bears NW. i W., nearly two miles, Cutty- hunk light N. f E., two and five-eighths miles, and Gay Head light SE. by E. f E., five and a quarter miles distant, the depth will be eleven fathoms, and a W. by S. ! S. course will lead clear of the southern end of Block Island; W. t N. will lead into Block Island Sound within one mile of Point Judith, and WNW. will lead up to Brenton's Reef Light-vessel at the entrance to Narragansett Bay. For vessels coming from the westward it is, of course, only necessary to reverse the above courses. The above courses pass half a mile to the eastward of the bell-buoy on Harding's Ledge; a mile and a quarter to the eastward of Minot's Ledge Light-house; a mile and a half to the eastward of Highland Light-house; a mile and three-quarters to the eastward of the red nun-buoy on Chatham :Bar; from four hundred yards to half a mile to the eastward of the red nun-buoy {No. 2) on the eastern end of the detached shoal between Pollock Rip and its Broken Part; three hundred yards to the westward of the Broken Part of Pollock Rip; :five-eighths of a mile to the eastward of the red nun-buoy (No. 4) on the southeastern end of Pollock Rip; nearly three-quartem of a mile to the northward of the most northerly of the outlying rips off Great Round Shoal; a mile and three-eighths to the southward of Bearse's Shoal ; three-eighths of a mile to the northward of the seventeen-feet spot north of Stone-Honie Shoal ; six hundred yards to the sonthward of the black can-buoy (No. 3) on the Eighteen-feet Spot; nearly half a mile to the eastward of Shovelful Shoal; three-eighths of a mile to the eastward, and the same distance to the southward, of the southern end of The Handkerchief; n quarter or a mile to the southward of the shoal spots s. of Senator Shoal; nearly half a mile to the northward of Bishop and Clerk's Light-house; one hundred and fifty yan1s to the southward of Hallet's Rock; fonr hundred yards to the northwaxd of the northern end of Hyannis Middle Ground; five-eighths of a Dll'le t.o the southward of the buoy on West-Southwest Ledge; three-quarters of a mile to the southward of Hodges' Rock; three-eighths of a mile to the southward of the southern- most shoal spot off Osterville; nearly half a mile to the northward of the black buoy on the north- west.em end of the Horse-Shoo; half a mib to the southward of W reek Shoal; a quarter of a mile to the northward of Eldridge's Shoal; two hundred yards t.o the southward of Saoeonesset Shoal

*\" \"\"1.9 JUd.JJwn; Bt'oY9 1tm ~\"9,,., Stm'b<Xtl\"'d 1-A. f Jfkw. : ~ ~ 1·~·1- , IIUu* tVU1 &4 ~ _,,__JJ,rnprJbuty VINl~YARD SOUND f.m..n..,,.aW'h.14!~~~¥-~~~ FROM WOOD'S HOLE TO CUTTYHUNK 80UN.DIN08 1677 m.~ow..i.n9.. tt;tti.m- at m.....,,_ ldW ,.,_ lkp1MfL<1slhan~lf'odtt;twJmr..«,,,._,,4~,,..,,.;,.,,, .. ..\"\"~\"~·.. \"' ... .... ~ \"' .. . \"' . .Mll.w;•.;.-.11 .. \"'-'· .. , a.<i. \" .. ~· . .. .. .. . . .. .. \"' . . \"' ... \"' \"' ... \"' .. \"' .. \"' .. ,,,..~ .. \"' \"' \"\" \"' .. ·~ '\"' \"' ..... ,.~'Jt ·{· \"' \"' .\"' .\" 11>\\'i,P \"'\"' ~·10 \"\" ·~ \"' \"' '\" ...



.... ...6.d,yl.ii,,,,,'.J;.. \"\" I ,, !\" ,,, . ,, ,, ,, ,, 'I \". ,, \"' ·' \"' ul wl . ... .. ,, \" ••.nnlf' ,, ,, \" \"' \" \"',, ,,3( 1o>- \"' ,, ,, '\"·~t ,, \"' ,, 11\" 7i. \"' ,,, 1! '\" '\"~ JI\\ i \" \"' I' I~ I '' ' i ,, I, ,, ;,~ \"' \"' ri',, .1 \"\" -.1; ~ANTElNTTCLKLE\\NTCF.,STOOl'ND \"' \"' ,.,,,,,.,,\\, -~.......t..-.;J=-~·~

NANTUCKET SOUND. 99 Light-vessel; three hundred yards to the southward. of the sixt.een-feet spot B. of Sailing Direc- Suooonesset Shoal; three-eighths of a mile to the southward of Sucoonesset Shoal; three tion•-Nortll hundred yards to the northward of Small's Shoal; a mile to the northward of the black Cbannol of buoy (No. 13) on the eastern end of L'Hom.me Dieu Shoal ; three-eighths of a mile to Nantucket the northward of the five-feet spot on the middle, and the same distance to the north- Sound. ward of the black buoy (No. 15) on the western end of L'Hom.me Dien Shoal; five- eighth$ of a mile to the southward of Davis' Neck Shoal; three quarters of a mile to the northward. of The Middle Ground; a mile and a half to the northward of Lucas' Shoal, and nearly two miles to the southward of Sow and Pigs Reef. On eh#> .Wove eour•- ea emer audlunn ..Roa48.-1. To the Westward of Handkerchief Shoal. From Handkerchief Light-vessel the course is NW. by N. ! N. along the western edge of The Hand- kerchief for about a mile, until Monomoy Point Light-house bears NE. by E. t E. and Shovelful Light- vessel E. by N. t N .• where the depth will be five fathoms, and N. by E. i E. will lead, with not less than four fathoms, to a.breast of the black buoy on the northwestern end of The Handkerchief. When this buoy is abeam and about a quarter of a mile off, NE. by N. :f N. must be steered, following the direc- tions for the Roadstead, given on page 123. 2. To pa88 between the Handkerchief and Monomoy Point.-From Shovelful Light-vessel continue the course W. by N. l- N. for about a mile, or until Monomoy Point Light-house bears NE., where the depth will be seven and a half fathoms, and you will be exactly in the entrance to this channel. Now steer N. t W. for about three-eighths of a mile, which will bring you, with not less than eight fathoms, to the red spar-buoy on the western end of Shovelful Shoal, and Monomoy Point Light-house will bear NE. i E. Now steer N. :f E., and follow the directions given on page 125. On. e1ae above -rses eo en.Iler Ba- Biver Boadatead.-From Handkerchief Light-vessel st.eer NW. t W. for a little over half a mile, or until l\\.fonomoy Point Light-house bears NE. by E. This clears the southern end of The Handkerchief, and Bass River Light-house will bear N. byW. t w. Steer for it, and follow the directions given for the Roadst.ead, on page 129. On tlt.e above eour•- to en.rer Buen.nu. .Roa.aateaa.-Continue the NW. l- W. course through the North Channel, carrying not less than three and a quarter fathoms, until Hyannis Light-house bears N. byE. l E., when the black spar-buoy on the Southwest Ground will bear W. f N., three-eighths of a mile off. Steer for the light-house, and follow the directions for the Roadstead, on page 133. a.. e1ae ahore _.,._ ea en.ter eene...e...uie Hcr&or.-On the course W. by S. f S. from off Point Gammon, when you have passed the buoy on West-Southwest Ledge, and Hyannis Light-house bears NE. by N. ! N., three miles and five-eighths distant, the depth will be twenty-three feet and the course N NW. for two miles and a half, which will lead to the entrance to the harbor. (See Sailing Directions, on page 138.) On u.e ~ _,.._ to elder tJae ~ Hol.e o.tr o.ee-ure.-When past the buoy on West- Southwest Ledge, and in three and a half fathoms, with Hyannis Light-house bearing NE. by N., and Bishop and Clerk's Light-house E SE., steer W. by N. i N., which will bring you to the bell-buoy* on Lone Rock. Pass a.bout three hundred and fifty yards to the northward. of this buoy, and when it bears s., anchor in fifteen and a half feet, hard bottom; or, steer N NW., nearly for the ea.stem point of entrance to Osterville, anchoring in from seven to nine feet, aooording to draught. DANGERS IN NANTUCKET A.ND VINEYARD BOUNDS-NORTH CHANNEL. II. _..,.._ ~.., ti.e _.._,_ ~ t• .Butler'• Bole, oed.ride • f PoUoek .Blp.-The entrance t.o this channel lies between the Broken Part of Pollock Rip on the north, and a detached shoal, called Twelve-feet Shoal, on the south; and is five-eighths of a mile wide, with from three to five fathoms water. It is-a verypJ&in and easy channel by_ day or night, as the shoals at the entrance are buoyed, oraud tLe range of Pollock Rip and ·Shovelful Shoal light-vessels enables a vessel to pass safely through in spit.a .dt.e ~~ current.a.. .• The ~ Bide of the entrance is guarded by a can-bnoy of the first cla.ss, pamted red, marked No. 2, a.rul:plaeed in about five fathoms wat.er. This is on the southern end of the Brokeit ·c.~ cof Pollock Rip, which is oompMed of a number of narrow ri~ of Brobm Partol hard saiM._jetending in. :a northerly and northwesterly direction,. with from twelve to hllod: Rip.

100 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. sixt.een feet water upon them. Detween it and the Main Portion of Pollock Rip there exists a channel nearly seven-eighths of a mile wide, with from three to six: fathoms water, much used by coasters who are acquainted with the shoals and the set of the currents, and which has been already described on page 87. The northern end of the Broken Part of the Rip bears E. by B. } s. from Monomoy Point Light- house, dist.ant four miles and a quarter, and from Pollock Rip Light-vessel NE. -f N., distant one mile and a quarter. Its southern end bears from Monomoy Point Light-house BE. by E.} E., distant five miles and a half, and from the light-vessel E. bys. ts., distant one mile and five-eighths. On the south side of the entrance, three-quarters of a mile SW. t W. from the buoy on the Broken Part of Pollock Rip, will be seen a nun-buoy of the second class, painted black Twelre-fset and marked No. 1. This is on the east.em end of Twelve-feet Shoal, a narrow, Shoal. detached shoo.I, lying E. and W., half a. mile long, two hundred and fifty yards wide in its widest part, and having its shoalest water-twelve feet-at its eastern end, close to the buoy. This buoy bears from Pollock Rip Light-vessel (which is nearly in range with Monomoy Point light) SE. i E., distant nearly a mile and. three-q~rters,_ and from the red can-buoy on the southeastiern end of the Broken Part of Pollock Rip SW. t W., distant three-quarters of a mile. To the southward of the Twelve-feet Shoal, between it and Great Round Shoal, lie two detached shoo.ls, known under the common name of Broken Rip; but they are not approached bv vessels using this channel. ., A mile and three-quarters to the westward of the red can-buoy on the southern end of the Broken Part of Pollock Rip lies Pollock Rip Light-vessel. in the middle of the channel; and beyond this the dangers and the sailing directions are the same as those just given for entering the North Channel by crossing the slue in Pollock Rip. (See pages 87-97 and 98-99.) SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR ENTERING NANTUCKET SOUND BY THE NORTH CHANNEL, THROUGH BUTLER'S HOLE. iII. Ou18'4e o;J\" Polloek Blp, be#ttte6n ll• Broken Part pn4 7.'uJel-.e-fed Bhoal.-The S. W. course from abreast of N auset :Beacons should be continued until Pollock Rip Light-vessel is brought to bear W. by N. t N., when it will be in range with Shovelful Shoal Light-vessel, and· must be sreered for, keeping the range. This course passes to the southward of Pollock Rip, between it and Twelve-feet Shoal, and carries not less than four and a half fathoms water. When up with Pollock Rip Light-vessel the course should be continued t.o Shovelful Light-vessel, and thence SW. by W. ! W. for Handkerchief Light-vessel, following the directions given above for the North Cha.nneL These courses pass close to the southward of the red am-buoy (No. 2) on the southeastern end of the Broken Part of Pollock Rip; over half a mile to the northward of the black nun-buoy on the eastern end of Twelve-feet Shoal; one mile to the southward of the southeastern end of the Main Portion of Pollock Rip; and half a mile t.o the northwu.rd of the northernmost outlying shoal off Great Round Shoal. .rr-III. ~ ~· #he Nort'la, CIMll-1 Into 'tJi.e IU-tae ()llli.aaAel a-4 go ~-- .VH - - ..DleM m-ar ._. n- Hed•e ~.-When, on the NW. t W. course from Handkerchief Light-vessel, Bishop and Clerk's light bears SE. by S. i S., and Hyannis light N. i W., with five and a quarter fathoms, as before, the course will be W. bys. f S., pas.sing between Eldridge's Shoal and Sucoonesset Shoal Light-vessel, and entering the Middle Channel nearly midway between the black buoy (No. 13) on the eastern end of L'Homme Dieu Shool and the horizontally-striped buoy on the eastern end of the Hedge Fenoe. On this course there is not less than three and three-quarter fathoms; and when N obska Point light bears W. by N. ! l!l. Northerly, there will be t.en fathoms ; and the course :for the light will lead safely through the Middle Channel to the southwanl of L'Homme Dieu Shoo.1, with not less than six and e. half fathoms. V eseels using this passage will pass half a mile to the southward of W reek Shoal; two hundred yards to the northward of the black buoy (No. 11) on Eldridge's Shoal; nearly five-eighths or a mile to the southward of Sncconesset Shoal Light-vessel; about a mile to the southward of the buoy on Small's Shoal; half a mile to the southward of the black spar-buoy (No. 13) on the~ end of J.lHomme Dieu Shoal; and a mile and one-eighth to the northward of the hori.zonta.lly-striped buoy on ~ eastern end of the Hedge Fence.

\"61: {,\\ ;i.\\ ~ !I.I ..• ,, .'l:rt \"\\;\"\"'-!\"' >l- 3! '\" \"' <li '~ . ··~ • ,, ''> \"• ,, \" ..7l ,,,,_.-i..IH,1, ,, ... ,, NANTUCKET SOUND \\\\lestern Pa.rt 18i7 ,· - __\":._·L__ _:!d

NANTUCKET SOUND. 101 IV. 2'o ~er ehe North Chan.nel ~o ehe Sout:kwarf'I, of Bishop and Clerk's Shoal.-When, on the NW. t W. course from Handkerchief Light-vessel, Bass River light bears N. by E. ! E., and Bishop and Clerk's light NW. by W. Northerly, the depth will be between Sailing Oirec- six and seven fathoms, and the course W. by N. will lead safely through to the south- tions--llan- ward of Bishop and Clerk's Shoal and Hyannis Middle Ground, and to the northward tucket Sound,. of the Horse-Shoe, with not less than four and three-quarter fathoms. On this c-0urse, North Channel. _ when Sucoonesset Shoal Light-vessel bears W. ! S., and Hyannis light NE. t E., the depth will be eight fathoms, and the course W. by S. l S., between Wreck Shoal and the Horse-Shoe, until Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel bears W. by N. i N., and Cape Pogc Light-house SW. by S. :f s., ·when W. l N. will lead to the northward of L'Homme Dieu Shoal, following the directions given above. Or, the W. by S. ls. course may be continued until Cape Poge light bears s. ! E., when W. by N. ! N. Northerly will lead through the Middle Channel to the southward of L'Homme Dieu Shoal. Vessels using ~c above courses into the North Channel will pass six hundred yards to the south- ward of the red spar-buoy (No. 12) on the southern end of Bishop and Clerk's.Shoal; one mile and an eighth to the southward of Bishop and Clerk's Light-house; a quarter of a mile t.o the southward of the broken ground W. of Bishop and Clerk's Shoal ; an eighth of a mile to the southward of the seventeen-feet shoal to the westward of that broken ground; three-quarters of a mile to the north· ward of the black spar-buoy {No. 7) on the broken ground off the northeastern arm of the Horse- Shoe; and three-eighths of a mile to the northward of the shoalest part of the northeastern arm of the Horse-Shoe. This is a channel very frequently used by coasters. Those coming from the westward need only reverse the above courses. DANGERS IN THE MIDDLE CHANNEL, THROUGH NANTUCKET AND VINEYARD SOUNDS. This channel begins on the south side of the Horse-Shoe, at its eastern end, and the entrance t.o it is marked by a light-vessel known as Cross Rip Light-vesseL Thence it runs in a nearly WNW. direction for a.bout nine miles to a point nearly midway between the buoys on the eastern ends of L'Homme Dieu Shoal and the Hedge Fence. Thence, turning slightly t.o the westward, it continues for five and a half miles between these two shoals, and joins the North Channel at a point about two miles t.o the eastward of N obska Point light. This channel may be entered from the northward either through Butler's Hole, following the courses as above described for the North Channel, or through the South or Main Entrance t.o Nantucket Sound, between Great Round Shoal and Point Rip. In the former case the dangers as far to the west- ward. as Handkerchief Light-vessel are identical with those described on pages 87-89 and 99-100, 1n the description of dangei-s in the passage through Butler's Hole. They need not, therefore, be repeated here. From Handkerchief Light-vessel the course to the entrance of the Middle Channel is w. f s. for betWeen eight and nine miles, which leads up to the Broken Ground to the eastward of the southeastern end of the Horse-Shoe. This shoal, which has from thirteen. to Broken Ground sixteen feet upon it, extends nee.rly N NE. and S SW., at a distance, from the south- of tbtJ Horae- east.ern end of the Horse-Shoe, of a mile and three-eighths; and off its southern end is SllH. placed a red non-buoy,* marked No. 12, which is a guide to the entrance to this channel, and bears from Handkerchief ~irvessel w. i s., eight and one-eighth miles distant, and from Cross Rip Light-vessel E. t 8., two · a.nd three-eighths distant. The sailing-line passes three-eighths of a mile. to the southward of it. The channel is very wide to the eastWl!.1.\"d of Cross Rip, a:ft\"ording beating-room of over two miles and a half; but in stan~ to the southward in this vicinity vessels must beware of going to the southward of Nantucket lignt bearing 1 bys. f- s., or Cape 1>~ Iii?ht bearing w. by N. t B., to avoid the dangerous Tuckernuck Shoal, a sand shoal of' very i~ Tuclernuck shape, which extends first in a w. t S. direction for nearly five miles; and then about Shoal 8. bl ll. for two miles, nearly joining the extensive fiat called ~k Battk, xna.!dng off from Tuckemuck and MWJkeget islands. .As there is no safe ~ between the shoal and tJie bank, these ext.ensive sand bars may be considered as one; and vessels bound either to the eastwa.rd OI\" westward should never attempt to pass to the l!!OUthward of the bearings of Cape Poge and Nantucket lighb! given above. The soundings on Tuckernuck Shoal a.re very irref.?ular,--six feet being found at its 80uthwcstern end, and ~of from four to six feet extending 1rom this point in about a N NE. diret:->tion for about a mile and a half a.long a very Da.rm'W ridge; while at its east.em end there is not less tha.n ten

102 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. feet, and nee.r the middl~ of the northern part of the shoal from six to eight feet, and thence soundings varying all the way from eight to fifteen feet continue to its western end. To mark the southern limits of the Main Channel there is placed on the eastern side of this shoal a black nun-buoy* of the second class, marked No. 7, which bears from Handkerchief Light-vessel BW. by W. Westerly, seven miles and five-eighths; from Nantucket Light-house W. by N. i N., six and a half miles; and from Cross Rip Light-vessel BE. t E., five and three-eighths miles distant. From this buoy to the red buoy on the southern end of the Broken Ground, the bearing is NW. by N. f N., and the distance three miles and three-quarters. When up with the red buoy on the southern end of the Broken Ground the oourse turns a little·, more to the westward, and there will be seen ahead, and about two miles and a quarter distant, a schooner-rigged light-vessel with a white day-mark at each mast-head. This is Cross Cross Rip Light- Rip Light-vessel, and is anchored in eight fathoms, nearly midway between Horse- rt1s&e/. Shoe Shoal on the north side and Cross Rip on the south side of the channel. The vessel's hull is painted black, with a white streak, and the words \"Dross Rip\" in white lett.ers on each side; and from the mast-head is shown a fixed white light from a height of thirty-nine feet above the sea, visible twelve miles. Its approximate geographioo.l position is Latitude-------------------------------------41° 26' 67\" N. Longitude -----------------------------------70° 16' 68\" w., and it bears from tCape Poge Light-house, E. N. ---------------------------------- Miles. tHolm.es' Hole Ligh't-house, E. by B. B. _________________ a little over 174i Nobske. Point Light-house, SE. by E. t E. ------------------------- Suoconesset Shoal Light-vessel, BE. i 17 B. -- -:f- ----------------------- Bishop and Clerk's Light-house, SW. by S. S.________________nearly S7 it Handkerchief Shoal Light-vessel, W. t B·-------------------------- 10! tThe red nun-buoy (No. 12) on the Broken Ground oil' the southeastern end of the Horse-Shoe, W. N._______________________________ 2i Nantucket Light-house, NW. by W. f W·-------------------------- 11 ! Fog-.ignal. A bell is rung in foggy weather. . When nearly up with this light-vessel a black spar-buoy will be seen to the Crua Rip. southward of it. This is on the northern end of Cross Rip, the northernmost of the numerous detached shoals lying on the southern side of tlie Main Channel, between the western end of Nantucket and the eastern end of Chappaquiddick Island. Cross Rip has eleven feet upon it at mean low water, lies N. by W. and S. by E., and iS three-quarters of a mile long. The buoy is marked No. 9, placed in three fathoms off the northern end of the shoal, and bears from Miles. Cross Bip Light-vessel, sw. t W·--------------------------------- i tCape -- 7 Holm 8. 14 Poge Lig ht-house, E---- --- -- -:f- -------------------------- - es' H ole Light-house, E. B. _____________________nearl y by The wred. ln&un,_-b__u_o_y_(_N_o_._1_2_)_o_n__t_h_e_B__ro_k__e_n_G__ro__u_n_d_S_E__._o_f'_t_h_e_H__o_rs_e_-_S_h_o_e_, 2t lia.ntucket Light-hOU11e, NW. by w. l w.__________________________ lli Strangers must never attempt to go to the eouthward of Cross Rir,-the whole Edwards' Shoaf. space between the Rip and Tnckemuck and Muskeget islands being ful of dangerous crossshoals. First, to the southward of Croes Rip is Edwards' Shoal, which lies three- qna.rters of a mile s. by w. f w. froin the southern. end of Rip, has ten feet at mean low wat.er, and is not buoyed. The ten-feet spot on the shoal is on its eastern side, near the middle, and bee.rs from Cross Rip Light-vessel B. by w .• a little over two miles distant, and from the red nun-buoy (No. 2)1. on the Broken Ground BE. from the Horse-Shoe SW. by W., three miles and a half distant. Between this shoal and Croes Rip there is a. channel nearly three-q'tJJU'ters of a mile wide, with from four to eleven fathoms; but it is not advisable for ~ to atrempt it. Next to the westward of 'ruckernuck Shoo.I, and nearl~j~ its western end, 8bo110lfu/ $haal. lies a large sand shoal, called Shovelful Shoal, or Wm ShovelfiU Shoal as it should be called, to distinguish it from the one of the smne name on the northern side of Butler's Hole. Its eastern end bet6nsf\"our.mi1es·s. i W. from Croes Rip Light-veseel, aud two hundred and fifty yards to the we:>tward of the western end of Tuckernuek Sh~, from which point it extends about W. i 8. for a mile and seven-eighths;, and then, turning abruptly at riiht angles, runs 1'. f B. for tJuoo..quarters of a mile. Soundings of from fonr to five feet are found afong nearly the whole length of this shoal. It is not buoyed, but :is not in the way of veeseh! pB88ing through either the Main or Middle channels, and is only described as one of the line of shoam which extends from Cape Poge to the eastern end of Tuckernuclc Shoo.I. .A depth of four fathoms exists between its eastern end and

NANTUCKET AND VINEYARD SOUNDS. 103 the wesrern end of Tuckemuck Shoal, and from three to six fathoms between its western end and Long Shoal, the next of the series w the westward. Long Shoal is a sand bar of irregular shape, having a general direction about Long Shoal. NE. and SW., and a length of two .miles and a quarter. Ita southern extremity k>gins about a quarter of a mile to the westward of the West Shovelful, with Cross Rip Light-vessel bearing NE. ! N.; and here there is found thirteen feet. From this point it runs, first, NW. by W. for a mile, with soundings varying from six to eleven feet, and then with an abrupt turn runs NE. for a_ little over two milcs,-the depths ranging from two to seven feet at mean low water. On this northern end is placed, in three fathoms, a red spar-buoy, No. 6, which is intended as a guide for vessels using the :M:uskeget Channel. This buoy bears from Cross Rip Light-vessel SW. f W., two miles and three-quarters; from the ten-feet spot on Edwards' Shoal W. f- N., a mile and five-eighths; and from Cape Poge Light-house E. by S. f s., five and a half miles distant. The channel between the southern end of Long Shoal and the West Shovelful is in no place less than a quarter of a mile wide, with from three to six fathoms. To the westward, between it and Hawes' Shoal, the channel is a mile and a quarter wide, with from five to eight fathoms, and is u.....00 by vessels which have come through the Muskeget Channel bound to the eastward. Between the red buoy (No. 6) on its northern end and the southeastern end of Norton's Shoal, the channel has from four to ten fathoms and is three-eighths of a mile wide. Norton's Shoal lies on the southern side of the Main Channel, but is not in the way Norton's Shoal. unless a vessel is standing to the southward on a wind. It is a sand shoal with ten feet water, extending W. by N. and E. by S., and is a mile and three-quarters long. A nun-buoy* of the second class, painted black, and marked No. 11, is placed on its northern aide, about midway of ita length, in four fathoms of water, and bears .from Cross Rip Light-vessel W. by s. i S., nearly three miles distant, and from Cape Poge Light-house E. i S., four miles and five-eighths distant. From this buoy the black buoy (No. 13) on the northwestern end of Hawes' Shoal bears W. ! N., distant three miles, and the black buoy (No.15) off Cape Poge W. by N. t N., distant a little over four miles and a quarter. To avoid Norton's Shoal vessels should not st.and to the southward of Cross Rip Light-vessel bearing E. l N., or--Cape Poge Light-house W. t B. Next to the westward of Norton's Shoal, and almost joining it, lies Hawes' Hawes' Snoal. Shoal, a very extensive piece of shoal ground of triangular shape, which extends from E. to W. for two miles and five-eighths, and from N. to s. two miles and three-quarters. Over this large area soundings varying from four to sixteen feet are found; but the 'most dangerous portions of the shoal are on its lj()utheast.ern and western sides, and at its northwestern end. On its south- eastern side, about midway between the northeastern and southwestern ends, are found soundings of from four to six: feet, covering a spaoe over a mile long in an E NE. and W SW. direction, with Cape Poge Light-house bearing between NW. t N. and NW. by W. f W.; but this part of the shoal is not in the way of ves.5els using the Middle or Main Channel. On the northwestern end there is placed, in three :fathoms of water, a bJack spar-buoy, which bears from Miles. Ca.pe Poge Light-house, E. l N·------------------------------------ 1 t tThe blaok. buoy oft\"O&pe Page, ESE. Southerly______________________ l f Succoneaset Shoal Light-vessel, S. W.________________________nearly 6,! The red b uLoiyghotn-vthesesseol,uwth.wiesat.e_r_n_B__id_e_o__f_th__e_H_o_r_s_e_-_S_h_o_e_. _S_W__._W__e_s_te_r_l_y__ 54 f Cross Ri p The black buoy on liorton's Shoal, W. f li.____________________nearly 3 There is also a red spar-buoy (No. 4) pla.ced on the southwestern end of Hawes' Shoal, two miles and fiv~ighths to the southward of the northwestern baoy, and the same distance B. by E. i E. from Cape Poge · Light-house. It is int.ended to mark the Muskeget Channel, and is not seen by vessels passing through the Main or Middle Channel. In beating, to avoid Hawes' Shoal, vessels should not st.and to the southward of Cape Poge light bearing W. i S., or CI'Oi!8 Rip Light-vessel .E. . At C1'0S'!! Rip Light-vessel the Middle Channel turns slightly to the northwestward, Horse-Shoe l\"Unning along the south side of HUl\"S&-8hoeShoal.for nearly five miles. This dangerous Sboal. shoal, before d€SCribed, (see pages 92-93 and 101,) is compaeed entirely of hard sand, and is dry in several .places at mean low wat.er. It reoeives .its name from its shape, which is some- what that of a horse-shoe.; but its southem arm, which obstructs the .Middle Channel, is much longer than the northern one. This part of tlte .shoal may be said to begin, for a vessel coming from the. eastward, ~ the Broken ~ lying a mile and three-eighths to the southeastward of the southeastern e!1d of the main body of the shoal; and here is placed a. red nun-buoy* (No. 12) to mark the northern limits of this channeL From this bu&y the shool of the Broken Ground extends nearly N NE. for a mile and an eighth, with from thirteen to sixteen. feet water upon it. Croes Rip Ligb\"Cr-vessel beam from this buoy W. i li., distant two and three-eighths miles.

104 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. Dangers-Nan- A slue channel, with from four to eight fathoms water, and in no place less than tucket Sound, three-quarters of a mile wide, separates this Broken Ground from the main body of the Middle Chan'!. shoal. Its general direction is N. and S., and it may be crossed, with not le38 than four fathoms, by bringing Bishop and Clerk's Light-house to bear N. by E., and stooring S. by W. until Cross Rip Light-vessel bears W. by N. i N. The depth along the southern arm of the Horse-Shoe varies from one to sixteen feet at mean low water, and there are several spots which are bare. Narrow slues traverse the shoal at intervaw, through which from thirtoon feet to :five fathoms may be carried; but these passages are not safe f?r strangers. (See also page 93.) • The southeast.em extremity of the main body of the shoal beginh one mile E. ! N. from Cross Rip Light-vessel, and about a mile and three-eighths to the westward of the red nun-buoy (No. 12) on the southeastern end of the Broken Ground. Thence its course is NW. by W. ! W. for two miles, and then NW. by W. Nearly for two and a half miles, where is placed a red nun-buoy,* (No. 14,) marking the northern limits of this channel. From this buoy its course is NW. by N. for a little over two miles and a quarter, and then N'.NE. Easterly to the northwestern extremity or \"toe\" of the shoe;- its entire length from the red nun-buoy (No. 12) on the southeastern end of the Broken Ground to its termination at the \"toe\" being eight miles and three-quarters. Vessels should not approach this southern side of the shoal nearer than to bring Cross Rip Light-vessel to bear SE. -! E., until up with the red nun-buoy (No. 14) mentioned above, or until Cape Po~ Light-house bears SW. by W. When past the buoy they should not stand to the northward of Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel bearing NW. by N. t N. Following these directions they will in no case find less than three and a ha.Iffathoms. The course through the Middle Channel continues to the westward until Cape Poge Light-house bears s. t E., or Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel NE. l E., when it becomes neoessruy to look out on the north side for L'Homme Dien Shoal, and on the south side for the Hedge Fence. The eastern end of each shoal is marked by a buoy, which, from the above bearing of Suooonesset Shoal Light-vessel, should be visible. That on the eastern end of L'Homme Dieu Shoal is a black spar, marked No. 13, and placed in three fathoms water; that on the eastern end of the Hedge Fence is a nun-buoy* of the third class, painted red and black in horizontal stripes, and placed in three and a half fathoms. L'Homme Dien Shoal extends in an E. by S. t S. and W. by N. l N. direction L'Homme Dieu for four miles and a half, at an average distance from the north shore of the Sound Shoal. of one and a half miles, and is in no place over half a mile wide. The shoalest part begins nearly midway of its length, and extends to the westward for a mile and fi.ve- eighths, or to within half a mile of the western end, with from three to six feet water upon it; but souru!!ngs of from seven to eleven feet are found at intervals along the whole length of the shoal. The buoy on the eastern end of L'Homme Dieu Shoal bears from Bucconesset Shoal Light-vessel, w. bys. I s, _______________________ _ Mlles.. 2! Bucconesset Point, s. ! W. ----------------------------------nearly 2t Holmes' Hole Light-house, E. IN·--------------------------------- fif East Chop Light-house, NE. by E. IE------------------------------ 4! tCape Poge Light-house, nearly :Nw W·----------------------------- 5! On the western end of the shoal is placed another black spar-buoy, marked No. 15, in four fathoms of water, bearing from Miles. tB'l'uhceceoansetaesrent Bbuhooayl, LWig.hbt-7veNs.sel l,NW. .-i--lf-.-l-f-e-a-.r-l-y-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_a_b_o__u_t 46 t East Chop Light-house, N. } B. ------------------------------nearly 3 Holmes' Hole Light-house, NE. f N·------------------------------- 21 If this buoy is made in thick weather, Nobeka Point Light-house should bear W. f N., three miles and a half distant.. There should be placed on the southern side of this shoal another buoy to mark a projecting point, flJhioh has Biz feet tJXder upon it, and which at present mariners have no guide for avoiding in thick weather. At night, the rule is, not to go to the northward at Nobeka.Point Light-house bearing W. by N. f N. . The H~ Fence is a long and ~w sh.Oal similar to L'Homme Dien, but naI'- Hetlg• F•nc•. rower,-being m no place over threehund.red yards wide. Its direction is KW. by W. ! W. and BE. by E. ! E.; its length three and a baU' miles; and the depth on the shQa.leat parts fi.ve and six feet at mean low water. It is composed mainly of hard sand, and is bold-to on both sides, so that strangers should be very careful not to approach it too cleeely at night. The nun-buoy OD its eastern end bears from

NANTUCKET SOUND. 105 Mlles. Cross Rip Light-vessel, WNW·------------------------------------ 9 i The red nun-buoy midway of the southern a.r:m of the Horse-Shoe, W. l- N. Northerly------------------------------------------------- 5! Cape Poge Light-house, N. by W. f W·----------------------------- 4 Holmes' Hole Light-house, E. i S. -----------------------&little over 4:f i E. -------------------------- Nobska. Point Light-house, SE. bByWE. .l 7i Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel, W._________________a little over 4 From the black spar-buoy on the eastern end of L'Homme Dien Shoal it bears SW. by S. ! s., \"list.ant a little over two miles, which is here the width of the Middle Channel; although it gradually uontracts, as it continues to the westward between the two shoals, until at their west.ern end it is only a mile and one-eighth wide. The sailing-line passes nearly midway between the two, leading directly for N obska Point Light-hotL<>e. &mndings of from five to six feet water are found at short intervals along the whole length of the Hedge Fence, with depths of from ten to sixteen feet between them. On its western end is placed a nun-buoy* of the second class, also painted red and black in horizontal stripes, and anchored in three and a half fathoms, hard sandy bottom. It bears from The buoy on the eastern end, NW. by W. ! w.______________________ Mlles. 3-! Cape Poge Light-house, NW. :f N. ____________________________nearly 7 Holmes' Hole Light-house, NE. by E. ! E. _____________________nea.rly 2 The can-buoy on the eastern end of The Middle Ground, E. by N. i N.__ 2 i Nobska Point Light-house, ESE. Nearly__________________a little over 4 The blaek buoy on the western end of L•Homme Dieu Shoe.I, s. by E. 1i Southerly------------------------------------------ -t --------- 4 The black buoy on the easte:rn end of L'Homme Dieu Shoe.I, W. s., nearly At night, vessels beating through the Middle Channel should not go to the southward of Nobska Point Light-house bearing w. by N. i N., to avoid the Hedge Fence. · A little over two miles to the westward of L'Homme Dieu and Hedge Fence shoals all the chan- nels through the Sound unit.e, and a description of the dangers from this point until to the westward of Sow and Pigs Light-vessel will be found on pages 95---97. SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR PASSING THROUGH NANTUCKET AND VINEYARD SOUNDS. V. Bu ,.e iEl4fU.e a-.anei..-Having come through the Butler's Hole Passage as far as the Handkerchief Light-vessel, the course thence is w. :f S. for eight and a quart.er miles, carrying not less than six fathoms water. This course leads up with, and about three-eighths ofa mile to the south- ward of, the red nun-buoy (No. 12) on the southern end of the Broken Ground SE. of the Horse- Shoe. When past it Cross Rip Light-vessel will bear w. by N. i N., dist.ant two miles and a. qua.rt.er; which course should be st.eered ·nntil up with the light-vMSel, which may be passed close-to on either hand, and the course is then NW. by w. t W. for nearly nine and a ha.If miles, carrying not less than six fathoms water. This course leads up nea.rly midway between the buoys on the eastern ends of L'Homme Dieu and Hedge Fence shoals. When between these two, in ten fathoms of water, with Cape Poge Light-house bearing B. f E. and Suooonesset Shoal Light-vessel bearing NE. by E. i E., the course is W. by N. l J.lf. for Delll\"ly five miles and a half, with Nobska Point Light-house directly ahead. This 00111\"80 leads between L'Homme Dieu Shoal and the Hedge Fence, with not less than four fathoms of water, and must be continued until within two miles of Nobska Point Light-house, with Holmes' Hole Light-house bearing B. i E~, whence the course will be W. bys. f B. until Vineyard Sound Light-veasel bears l!il\"W. i W., two miles distant. Here the depth will be twelve fathoms, and the course may be shaped W :KW. for Brent.on's Reef Light-vessel; W. t 111\". for the entrance to Block Island Sound; or W. by S. f s. to pus to the southwanl of Block Island. V eJ!!l!!e1s from the wEi!tward, bound through the Sound by this channel, need only to reverse the above courses. ·· The above courses pass three-eighths of a. mile to the southward of the red nun-buoy on the south- ern end of the southeastern Broken Ground oi the Horse-Shoe; a quarter of a mile to the northward o£ the black spar-buoy on the northern end of Cross Ri_p; nearly two miles to the northward of Norton's C. P.-14 .

106 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. Sailing Dil'tlc- Shoal; nearly seven-eighths of a mile to the southward of the red nun-buoy on the lions -- Nan - south side of the Horse-Shoe, near its middle; a mile and one-eighth to the northward tu c ke t and of the horizontally-striped nun-buoy on the eastern end of the Hedge Fence; seven- V ins yard eighths of a mile to the southward of the black spar-buoy on the eastern end of L'Homme Sounds, Mid- Dieu Shoal; about nine hundred yards to the northward of the horizontally-striped nun- d/e Channel. buoy on the western end of the Hedge Fence; a little over half a mile to the southward of the black spar-buoy on the western end of L'Homme Dieu Shoal; a mile and a half tg the northward of the can-buoy on the eastem end of The Middle Ground; three-quarters of a mile tO the northward of the centre of The Middle Ground, and seven-eighths of a mile to the northward of the nun-buoy on its western end; a mile and a half to the northward of Lucas' Shoal; and from a mile and three-eighths to two miles and an eighth to the southward of Sow and Pigs Reef. Or, having entered the Sound by the Main or Bern.them EJnlrance, the oourse is W. by N. t N., which leads up to Cross Rip Light-vessel,-the lea.st water on the line being five and a quarter fathoms. From this light-ve.Eel the course is NW. by W. t w., following the directions given above. DANGERS IN THE SOUTH OR MAIN CHANNEL THROUGH NANTUCKET SOUND. The entrance to this channel lies between Great Round Shoal on the north and McBlair's Shoal on the south, and is two miles and three-eighths wide. It is the passage commonly used by coasters of heavy draught and those who are without local pilots, on account of its width and directness as well as the absence of conflicting currents along its course. A vessel which has come from the northWard along the east shore of Cape Cod will pass to the eastward of the Broken Part of Pollock Rip, if intending to enter by the Main Channel. This shoal has been already described on pages 87 and 99; but it will be perhaps as well to repeat the description here, that the mariner may have before him in detail all of the dangers which obstruct this entrance to Nantucket Sound. · The Broken Part of Pollock Rip is composed of a number of narrow ridges of Broken Part of hard sand extending in a northerly and northwesterly direction, with from twelve to Pollock Rip. sixreen feet water upon them. Between it and the Main Portion of Pollock Rip there exists a channel nearly seven-eighths of a mile wide, with from three to six fathoms water, which is much used by coasters who are acquainted with the shoals and the set of the currents. This has been already described on pa,,,,.-res 87 and 100. The northern end of the Broken Part of the Rip bears E. by S. l S. from Monomoy Point Light- house, distant four miles and a quarter, and from Pollock Rip Light-vessel NE. f N •• distant one mile and a quarter. Im southern end bears from Monomoy Point Light-house SE. by E. l E., distant five miles and a half, and from the light-vessel E. by s. t S., dist.ant one mile and five-eighths. This southern end is marked by an iron can-buoy of the first class, (marked No. 2,) painted red, a.nd placed in twenty feet water. This is the first buoy met with by vessels bound for the Main Channel after they have passed Chatham Bar. The course for the Main Entrance passa> a mile and five-eighths to the eastward of it. Next to the southward of the Broken Part or Pollock Rip, and about three- Twslre-lest quarters of a mile distant, lies Twelve-feet Shoal, a narrow sand-spit, lying E. and W., Shoal. ha.If a. mile long, two hundred and fifty yards wide W. its widest part, and having its shoalest water (twelve feet) at its eastern end, where is placed a nun-buoy of the second class, painted black and marked No. 1. This buoy bears from Pollock Rip Light-vessel (nearly in range witJ:i Monomoy Point light) SE. i E., distant nearly a mile and three-quarters, and from the red can-buoy on the southeastern end of the Broken Part of Poll<lCk. Rip .SW. t W., distant three- quarters of a mile. The course for the Main Entrance leads two miles to the eastward. of this shoal, and to avoid it vessels in beating should not stand to the westwa.rd of Chatham ¥ts bearing l!f. i W. Three-eighths of a mile S. t E. from the nun-buoy on Twelve-feet Shoal lies another detaChed Broken Rip. shoal, with from fourt.een to sixteen feet water. This shoal is a quarter of a mile long in a :N :NE. and W. from its southern SSW. direction; and six hundred yards SW. t end lies still another with ten feet on it.s eastern and fourteen feet on its western end. This latter shoal lies nearly E. and w., and is about six hundred yards long. The common name, \"Broken Rip,\" is given ro both of these .shoals. .A. black nan-buoy or the seoond class, marked No. 3, is placed near the centre of this shoal in twelve feet water, and the sailing-lines for this channel pass two miles and a. half to the eastward of it. The shoalest part of the Rip lies an eighth of a. mile 11:. by S. :f S. from this buoy. It has ten feet at mean low water. At night, to avoid the Broken Rip, vesseJs must not stand to the westward of Chatham lights bearing N. f W.

NANTUCKET SOUND. 107 To the southward of Broken Rip li€S t_hat extensive series of narrow sand Great Raum/ ridges already described on page 88, and known as Great Round Shoal. Its main Shoal. portion lies about ESE. and WNW., is about two miles long, and has soundings varying from four to twelve feet upon it. But innumerable narrow ridges of hard sand extend in parallel lines (having about a NW. direction) along the northern side of the shoal; and others off the southern side, some of which run E. and W., and others NE. and SW., with from ten to sixt.ecn feet water upon them. At present there is but one buoy marking Great Round Shoal, and this is placed mtrenthree-quarters of a mile B. by E. Easterly from the shoalest part, and on the north side of the Main Channel; but there are shoal spof,8 of feet five-eighths of a mile to the southeastward of this buoy, and one spot 'Wit,h thirtoonfeet three-quarters of a mile ESE. from the buoy, which should there- fore receive a berth to the westward of not less than one :mile and one-eighth, and to the northward. of not less than eight hundred yards. This shoalest part of Great Round Shoal lies close to its southern edge, and has four feet at mean low water. It bears from Miles. Pollock Rip Light-vessel, s. ! W. ---------------------------------- 4:f Monomoy Point Light, B SE·-------------------------------------- 7i 7! Hand.kerchief Light-vessel, E. by B. ! S. ---------------------------- 7! Nantucket Light-house, E. by N. ! N·------------------------------ The buoy, which is a red spar, marked No. 2, is placed in twenty feet of water three-quarters of a mile to the southward of the \"four-feet spot,\" and the sailing-lines pass seven-€ighths of a mile to the southward of it. To pass clear of Great Round Shoal, .to the southward of it, vessels should not stand to the north- ward of Nantucket Light-house bearing W. :f S., until to the westward of the red spar-buoy (No. 2) on the southern side of the shoal-with Pollock: Rip Light-vessel bearing N. ! E.; after which the rule is not to stand tO the northward of Handkerchief Light.-vessel bearing NW. by W. The tide-rips over the numerous ridges composing Great Round Shoal are quite strong, and run in different directions; and the bottom is so broken that, although narrow ~ exist across several parts of the shoal with from fourteen to eighteen feet wat;er in them, it is not advlSRble for any stranger,. however light his draught, to attempt to pass through them. The south side of the Main Entrance to Nantucket Sound is obstruct.ed by McB/air's McBlair's Shoal, a series of small detached sand shoals, with from nine to eighteen Shoal. feet water upon them, extending over a space two miles and a half long in an E. and W. direction. Its ea.st;ern extremity bears from Monomoy Point Light.-house SE. by S., twelve miles and five-eighths; from Nantucket Light-house E. ! s., eleven and a half miles; and from Sankaty Head Light-house NE. by E. t E., distant t.en miles and three-quarters. }from the red ran-buoy (No. 2) on the southern end of the Broken Part of Pollock Rip it bears B. by E. f E., eight miles and three-eighths, and from the red spar-buoy (No. 2) on the south side of Great Round Shoal SE. f E., distant a little over five and a half miles. The western end of McBlair's Shoal bears from Nantucket Light-house E. l s.. nine miles and a quarter; from Handkerchief Light.-vessel SE. i E., eleven miles and an eighth; and from the red spar- buoy on the sooth side of Great Round Shoal SE. i B., distant three miles and three-quarters. The shoalest part is nearly midway between the eastern and western ends, bat rather nearer to the former, and soundings of nine feet are found upon it at mean low water. _It bears from M1les. The red can-buoy on the southern end of the Broken Part of Pollock Bip, s. f E ______ -----------------------------------·---------- 8f The Bed. spar-buoy on the south side of' Great Bound Shoal, BE.__nearly 5 Handkerchief' Light-vessel, SE. f Ji:.------------------------------- 12! tNantucket Light-house, E. 8. ------------------------------------ 101 To avoid McBlair's Shoo~ !!'_~\"??rooching it from the eastward, the rule is not to go to the westward of Pollock Rip Light.-veseel oearing :NW. liy l'f. l N. until Nantucket Light-house bears W. t N.; which course, if steered, will lead through the Main Channel along the north side of the shoal, with not less than five and a half fathoms water. This bearing of Nantucket lii;;it is, therefore, useful also as a guide to vessels beating through the Main Channel, which should go about, when standing ~ the southwani, as soon as this bearing com€S on. Stranget'FJ should not pass to the southward of this shoal, as, B.lthough there is deep water between it and the ·Rose and Crown, (the northernmost of the great Nantucket ShooJs,) yet the bottom :is broken; the cnl'l'ents strong and running at right angles to the ~; and there is a ~us i:ltJfltJe--fttl 11hool, a little over two miles S SE. from the \"nine- fcet s,pot on MeBlair's Shoal. This shcio.l is not bu~, but has a strong rip over it,-the current runnmg about l!rE. by N. and SW. by s.~ with a velocity of from a mile and a half to two miles an hour. Nantucket light bears from it w. by N. t N., eleven miles and five-eighths distant.

108 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. Great Point Great Point Rip, the next danger met with, lies on the south side of the }/fain Rip. Channel, extending from Great Point (the northeastern point of Nantucket Island) in an E. by N. :l- N. direction for three miles and an eighth. It is composed, as indi- cated by the latest surveys, of a. great number of small sand lumps with from one to six feet water upon them, and separated from each other by narrow slues with from eight to twelve feet water. The bot- tom, throughout the length of the shoal, is composed of hard gray sa.nd, mixed at the outer end with black specks and gravel. .A black spar-buoy, marked No. 1, is placed on the northern side of the eastern end of the shoal, in eighteen feet water; and .bears from Miles. Nantucket Lig ht-house, NE .Nb.yi E. f- E.----------------------------- 3 Sa.nkaty Head Light-house, 8 E.______________________a little over Red spar-buoy on the south side of Great Bound Shoal. W. bys._______ 41 Cross Rip Light-vessel, E. by s. t 8--------------------------------- 13! To avoid Great Point Rip, in beatinO' through the Main Channel at night, vessels should not st.and into less than six fathoms on the southerly rack. When clear of the shoal to the westward, Nantucket light will bear SE. by B. f S., or Handkerchief Light-vessel N. by E. Easterly. The channel between Great Point Rip and Great Round Shoal is in no place less than three miles wide, and between the Rip and Handkerchief Light-vessel it is over five miles wide, and entirely unob- structed. To the westward of the Rip there are no dangers met with for nearly six miles, when it Tuckernuok becomes necessary to look out, on the south side of the channel, for Tuckernuck Shoal, Shoal. a sand bar of very irregular shape, which extends first in a W. t B. direction fpr nearly five miles, and then about s. by E. for two miles, nearly joining the extensive fl.at making off from Tuckernuck and Muskeget islands, called Tucke:rnU-Ok Bank. As there is no safe passage between the shoal and the bank, these extensive sand bars may be considered as one; and vessels bound either to the eastward or westward should never attempt to pass to the south- ward of Nantucket Light-house bearing E. bys. :f- S., or Cape Poge Light-house bearing W. by N. t N. The soundings on Tuckernuck Shoal are very irregular,-six feet being found at its southwestern end, and soundings of from four to six feet extending from this point in A.bout a. :N NE. direction for about a mile and a half along a very narrow ridge, while at it.s eastern end there is not less than ten feet, and near the middle of the northern part of the shoal from six to eight foot; and thence soundings varying all the way from eight to fifteen feet continue to its we.stern end. To mark the southern limits of the Main Channel there is plaoed on the eastern. end of this shoal a black nun-buoy* of the second class, marked No. 7, which bears from Miles. The black spar-buoy on the east.em end of Great Point Bip, W. i N.____ 9 Handkerchief' Light-vessel, SW. by W. Westerly_____________________ 7 i Nantucket Light-house, W. by llJ. i :N------------------------------- 61 CrOll8 Rip Light-vessel, SE. t E. ----------------------------------- 5i From this buoy t.o the red buoy on the southern end of the Broken Ground SE. of the Horse-- Shoe the bes.ring is NW. by N. f l!f., a.nd the distance three and three-quarter miles. On the north side of the Main Channel, when within a.bout three miles of Cross Broken 6rounrl Rip Light-vessel, a red nun-buoy,* marked No. 12, will be seen. This is on the of t/uJ Horn- Broken Ground, which lies about a mile to the eastward of the southeastern end of Sltff. Horse-Shoe Sho«l,.and ext.ends from the buoy nearly N:NE. for a mile and an eighth, with from thirteen to sixteen feet water upon it. Cl\"OBB Rip Light-vessel bears from this buoy W. t :N., distant two and ~tbs miles. A slue channel with from four to eight fathoms water, and in no place lea than three-Quarters of a mile wide, separates this Broken Grmmd from Horse-Shoe Shoal pro~Ita genera.I direction is N: and S., and it may be crossed with. not less than~ fath~ b7 · · Bishop and Clerk's Light-house to bear N. by E. and steermg s. by W. until Cross Dip Light-veese beam W. by :N. :l N. Horse-Shoe Shoal is composed entirely of baM sarid, and is dry in several places Horae-8/Joe at mean low water. It receives ita :name from its shape, which .is somewhat that of a horse-shoe; but ita sou.them arm, which forQM3· the ~erp boundary of this channel, Sltoal is much longer than the northern eae. The ~th.along this southern arm variesfroro one to sixteen feet at mean low water, and there a.re several bare ~- Narrow slues, through which from thirteen feet to five fathoms may be carried, traverse the s1ioa1 at mtervals; but the:ie passages are not safe for strangers. . The eastern end of the sou.them a.rm begins one mile ::&. ! JI\". froJll Croes Rip Light-vessel, and about one and tb.Ne-eiilhths miles to the '.\\ftStWard 0£ the red nun-hwy on the Broken GrOund. Thence the course of the sboafis llrW. by W. i w. f\"or two miles, Jmd. then.l!l'W. by W. Nearly. for two ~d a half miles, where is plaoed a red nun-buoy* (No. 14) marking the northern Iimit.s of the Main NW. by -5. lor'a little~over two miles and a Channel. From this buoy the shoal l'11DS quarter, and dien R' NB. BaaterJ.y. to the northwestern extremity or \"t.oe\" of the shoe,-the ·euiire length iivul

NA:NTUCKET SOUND. 109 the buoy on the Broken Ground t.o the \"t.oe\" being eight and three-quarter miles. Vessels should not approach the southern side of this shoal nearer than t.o bring Cross Rip Light-vessel to bear SE. t E., until up with the red nun-buoy (No. 14) mentioned above; or until Cape Poge Light-house bears SW. by W. When past the buoy they should not stand to the northward of Sucoones.set Shoal Light- vessel bearing NW. by N. t N. Following these directions, they will in no case find less than three and a half fathoms. (See also pages 92-93.) On the southern side of the channel, two miles and five-eighths W. l- s. from the red buoy No. 12 OR the Broken Ground t.o the eastward of the Horse-Shoe, and three-eighths of a mile SW. i W. from Cross Rip Light-vessel, will be seen a black spar-buoy, marked No. 9. This is on the northern end of Cross Rip, the northernmost of the numerous detached shoo.ls lying Cross Rip. on the south side of the Main Channel, between the western end of Nantucket and the ea.stern end of Chappaquiddick Island. It has eleven feet at mean low water, lies N. by W. and s. by E., and is three-quarters of .a mile long. The buoy is placed in three fathoms off its northern end, and bears from Cape Poge Light-house E., seven and a quarter miles; from Holmes' Hole Light-house E. by s. ! S., nearly fourteen miles, (and this 1ast bearing as a course may be steered with safety;) and from Nantucket Light-house NW. by W. -! W., eleven and live-eighths miles dist.ant. Cross Rip Light-vessel is anchored in eight fathoms, nearly midway between Horse-Shoe Shoal on the north and Cross Rip on the south side of the channel. It CrN8RipLig!Jt- is a schooner-rigged vessel, painted black with a. white streak, and has the words reHel. \"Oross Rip\" in white letters on e.a.ch side. From the mast-head, thirty-nine feet above the sea, is shown a fixed white light, visible twelve miles. A bell is rung in foggy weather. The approximate geographical position of this light-vessel is Latitude -------------------------------------41° 26' 57'' N. Longitude------- ----------------------------70° l.61 0811 W., and it bears from Miles, Cape Poge Light-house, E. t N-- -B-.-t- ---------------------- ----- ---- 7} Hohnes' Hole Light-house, B. ------------------B 14 E. by little over Nobska. Point Light-house, SE. by E. i E·--------------------------- 17 SE. i b$ys·-.-!- ------------------------- i:l Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel, 8 Bishop and Clerk's Light-house, SW. S,_________________nearly 7 Handkerchief Shoal Light-vessel, W. l s~ --------------------------- 10}- The red nun-buoy on the Broken Ground SE. of the Horse-Shoe, W. ! N._ 2j- Na.ntueket Light-house, NW. by W. i W·--------------------------- 11 :! At this point the Middle and South channels separate,-the former passing to the northwestward to go between L'Homme Dieu Shoal and the Hedge Fence, and the latter continuing to the westward towards Holmes' Hole Light-house-passing t.o the southward of the Hedge Fence. It is dangerous for strangers to go t.o the southward of Cross Rip,-the whole space between the Rip and Tuokernuck and Muskeget islands being full of dangerous shoals. Of these, the :first t.o the southward of Cross Rip is caJ.led Edwards' Shoal, which lies three-quarters of a mile S. by W. f.- W. from the southern end of Cross Rip, has ten feet at mean low water, Edward•' Sltaal. and is not\"buoyed. It is not dangerous t.o vessels using the Main Channel unless they are standing to the southwestward on a wind while to the eastward <>f Cross Rip. The \"ten-feet spot\" on this shoal is on ibl eastern side, near the middle, and bears from CroEti Rip Light-vessel S. by W., a o/little over two miles distant, and from the red buoy on the Broken Ground SE. of the Horse-Shoe SW. W~ three and a. half miles distant. Between this shoal and Cross Rip there is a channel nearly three-quarters of a mile wide, with from four to eleven fu.thoms; but strangers should not attempt it. A mile and one-ei~ NW. l :N. from the \"t.en-feet spot\" on Edwards' Shoal, and a mile and five-eighths SW. f w. from 0l'OE!S Rip Light--vessel, lies a detached shoal, between five and six: hundred yards long, with fourteen foot water upon it, and from three t.o six Fauri'ettn-feat fathoms on all sides of it, cal.led Fourteen-feet Sh<Jal. It extaids N. b~.,; and s. by Sltoal E., and is not buoyed; but it is not in the way of vessels using the · Channel, unless they are standing to the southward on a wind. To avoid it, they should· go about as soon as Cross Rip Light-vessel bean E. by B. The cliannel between Fourteen~feet Shoal and (Jl'()SS Rip is a mile wide, with from four to seven . fathoms; that between it and Edwarrur Shoal is three-quarters of a mile wide, with from four to seven fathoms; and that ~n. it and Norton's Shoal to the westward is :five-eighths of a mile wide, with from three to five :fathoms. These passages, however, although used by those who are local pilots, are not safe for strangers. ·. Next to the westward of the FotU'teerl-feet Shoal lies Norton's Shoal, also on the llarton'• 8hHI. sou~ Bide ot the ehaonel. .'l'hi8 i& a sand shoal wi:tl;l ten feet water, extending w. by

110 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. :N. and E. by S., and one mile and three-quarters long. It is marked. by a black nun-buoy* of the second class, (No. 11,) placed on it.s north side about midway of its length, in four fathoms water. This buoy bears from Cross Rip Light-vessel W. by s. l S., nearly three miles distant, and from Cape Poge Light-house E. j S., four and five-eighths miles distant. From this buoy the black buoy (No. 13) on the northwestern end of Hawes' Shoal bears W. ! N., distant three miles, and the black buoy (No. 15) off Cape Poge W. by N. ! N., a little over four and a quarter miles distant. Norton's Shoal is not in the way of vessels passing through the Main Channel, unless they are st.anding to the southward on a wind. To avoid it they should go about when Cross Rip Light-vessel bears E. t N., or Cape Poge Light-house W. t S. .' Next to the westward of N<>rton's Shoal, and almost joining it, lies Hawes' Shoal, Hawe8• Shoal. a very extensive piece of shoal ground of triangular shape, which extends from E. to W. for two miles and five-eighths, and from N. to s. two and three-quarter miles. Over this large area soundings varying from four to sixteen feet a.re found; but the most dangerous portions of the shoal are on the southeastern and western sides and at it.s northwestern end. On its southeastern side, about midway between the northeastern and southwestern ends, are found soundings of from four to six feet, covering a space over a. mile long in an E NE. and WSW. direction, with Cape Poge Light-house bearing between NW. l N. and NW. by W. ! W.; but this part of the shoal is not in the way of vessels using the Main Channel. On the northweste:rn end there is placed, in three fa'thoms water, a black spar-buoy, (No. 13,) which hears from Miles. Cape Poge Light-house, E. t N. ----~------------------------------ 1 i The black buoy o:ll' Cape Poge, ESE. southerly --------------------- 1 f Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel, B. i W. -----------------------nearly 6} The red buoy on the southwestern side of the Horse-Shoe, SW. Westerly_ 4 Croes Rip Light-vessel, W. i SBh o· -a-l ,-W- - .- i- -N- -. _- _- _- _- _- -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-n-e-a-r-l -y 5f The black buoy on 'Norton's 3 There is also a red spar-buoy (No. 4) placed on the southwestern end of Hawes' Shoal, two miles and five-eighths to the southward of the northwestern buoy, and the same distance S. by E. IE. from Cape Poge Light-house. It is intended to mark the Muskeget Channel, and is not seen by vessels passing through the Main Channel. In beating, to avoid Hawes' Shoal, vessels should not stand to the southward of Cape Poge Light- house bearing W. i B., or Cross Rip Light-vessel E. On the western side of Hawes' Shoal, between it and Cape Poge, is the northern CapePogeF/ata. entrance to MuskegetChannel; and on the western side of this entrance lie Cape Poge l!\"lat.s, which make off to the northward from Cape Poge for :five-eighths of a mile, with from ten to sixteen feet water. On the northern edge of these flat.s is placed a. black spar-buoy, marked No. 15, which bears from Miles. Cape Poge Light-house, NE. by N. i:N'·-----------·----------------~- ! The black buoy on the northwestern end of Hawes• Shoal, WNW.____ _ li The black buoy on the north aide of Norton's Shoal, W. by 111'. l N. _____ 41 tCross Bip Light-vessel. W. N. ----------------------------------- 7!- From this buoy Mlles. The black. buoy (111'0. 17) on the Outer Fla.ta of Edg&rtown bears W. by N. _ 2}- The black can-buoy (No. 19) on the eastern end of Squash Meadow NW. ! W. NortherlY----------------------------------------------- 3i- Tbe nun-buoy on the eastern end of the Hedge Fence :NW. by N. !- :N'. -----------------------------------------------& tittle over 3! Cape Poge FlatB a.re not in the way of vessels using the Main Channel, unless they are standing to the southward on a wind; in which case they should go about as soon as Crees Rip Light-vessel bears E. ! s.. as there is a small 8/wal, with 8evenf.een and a luilfjed 1.tp&n it, five-eighths of a mile :NE. by E. t E. from the black buoy {No. 15) on the northern end 0£ the flats. · Outer Flats is the name given t.o the northernmostportion of the extensive ledges Outer Flat8. and shoals which form the western side of Edgartown Harbor. Detached rooks, some of which are bare a:t low water~ are 8C8ttel'ed till over this shoal ground, end several of these a.re buoyed. There is an eight-feet spot on Ont.er Flats close to their northern eQ;d, with soun~­ ings of twelve and fifteen feet, hard sandy bottom, .all a.round it. A little to~thti northeastward .of this spot is placed a black can-bnoy* of the second claes, in~ fathoms water. It is marked No. 17, ns being one of the regular guide! for Vineyard Sound; but it also marks the western limita of the chan- nel into Edgartown Harbor. It bears from Cross Rip Light-v8Bel W. t :N., nine miles Md a.n ~th; from the bl8ck buoy on Ospe Page Flats w. by 1'., two miles and a half; and from ~Shoal

VINEYARD SOUND. 111 Light-vessel SW. by B. Southerly, six miles and a half distant. From this buoy the black can-buoy on the east.em end of Squash Meadow bears N. by W. t W., distant one mile and a half, and the black spar (No. 23) off East Chop NW. t N., three miles and seYen-eighths distant. As before remarked, the Main Channel passes to the south ward of the Hedge Fence,-the course being W. by N. f N. On this course the channel is clear until Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel bears NE. by N., or Cape Poge Light-house S. by E., when it becomes neressary to keep a look out for the buoys on the east.em ends of the Hedge Fence and of Squash Meadow Shoal. The former will be the first seen, bearing nearly N NW. and about a mile dist.ant. The Hedge Fence is a long and narrow shoal, in no place over three hundred yards The Hedge wide. Its direction is NW. by W. i W. and BE. by E. ! E., its length three and a Fence. half miles, and the depth on the shoalest parts five and six feet at mean low water. It is composed mainly of hard sand and is bold-to on both sides; so that strangers should be yery careful not to approach if too closely at night. On its eastern end there is placed a nun-buoy* of the third class, painted red and black in horizontal stripes, and bearing as follows: From Miles. Cross Rip Light-vessel, WNW·------------------------------------ 9j- The red nun-buoy midway of the southern arm of the Horse-Shoe, W. f N. Northerly------------------------------------------------- 5:f Cape Poge Light-house, N. by W. f W·----------------------------- 4 Holmes' Hole Light-house, E. i S. -----------------------&little over 4f bSyWE..ti Nobska. Point Light-hoUBey SE. E·--------------------------- 7t Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel, W._________________a little over 4 The blaok can-buoy on the eastern end of Squash Meadow, NE. by N.__ 1 ! Soundings of from five to six feet water are found at short. intervals along the whole length oft.he Hedge Fence, with depths of from ten to sixt.een feet between them. On its western end is placed a nun-buoy* of the second class, also painted red and black in horizontal stripes, and anchored in three and a half fathoms, hard sandy bottom. It bears from MUes. The buoy on the eastern end. NW. by W. l W. ---------------------- 3! The black can-buoy on tNheWe.aisteNr.n__e_n_d_o_f_ Squash Meadow, NW. by 3! Cape Poge Light-house, _______ ______________ n N,__ 7 early The black nun-buoy on the wes tern e n! dEo. f__S_q_u_a_s_h_M__e_a_d_o_w__, _N__N__Wne.-a-r-ly- . 2! Holmes' Hole Light-house, NE. by E. 2 From this buoy the can-buoy on the east.em end of The Middle Ground bears W. by S. f S., two and one-eighth miles, and Nobska Point Lif.¥!\"!1ouse WSW. Nearly, a little over four miles distant. At night, vessels beating through the · Channel should not stand farther to the northward than to bring Nobska Point Light-house to bear NW. by W. ! W., by which means they will avoid the Hedge Fence, and will not have le:!S than six fathoms. - Squash Meadow Shoal lies on the south side of the Main Channel, and has ten feet Squad Meadow at low water. The main body of the shoal runs NW. by W. and SE. by E. and is a Shoal. little over three-quarters of a. mile long; but there are detached shoals off its eastern - and west.em ends, which increase the whole lenW:}i to a mile and a quarter. Its average width is about three hundred yards; the bottom is hard sand'; and the shoal is bold-to on both sides,-there being equally good channels to the north-ward and southward of it. The detached ahoBl ot'f the eastern end has sixteen feet at mean low water, and is marked by a black can-buoy* of the second class, (No. 19,) placed in three and a half fathoms on its east.em edge. This buoy bears from Mlles. l tThe nun-buoy on the eastern end of the Hedge Fence, SW. by S, _____ _ Bucoonesset Shoal Light-vessel, SW. ------------------------------- 5i The red nun-buoy midway of the southern arm ot the Horse-Shoe, W. is_ 6-t Cross Rip Light-veBSel. W. by N. l N·------------------------------ 79!t The black buoy on the north aide or Norton's Shoal, WNW.---------- The black buoy on the northern end ot Cape Poge Flats, NW. ! W., a little over 3 The black buoy on the northern end of Outer Flats, N. by w. l w. ---- 11 F:rom the buoy Miles. tEast Chop be&ra l'f'W. by W. i W. Nearly --------------------------- 2;f EfoJ.mes• Hole L:icht.-howte lfW. by W. W·------------------------- 4f tl!rob 7t The ska Point Ught ,l!rW. W. -------------- -t h- -e-s-h-o-a-l-:-N-W- -.-b-y- -w- -.-__- -_ li blaok baoy (l\\lodl1) oD. t.he weat.em. end of

112 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. The detached shoal off the west.em end of the Squash Meadow has eighteen £eet at mean low water, and is marked by a black nun-buoy* of the second class, (No. 21,) and placed in four fathoms water a little to the westward of it. This buoy bears from l\\lllef!. The nun-buoy on the western end of the Hedge Fence, SSE.__________ 2i 2tT C he n un-buoy on the easte rn eNn.dl of the Hedge Fence, W. by S. f S.___ _ 11 ross Rip Light-vesse l, W. by N._________ y ________________nearl The black buoy on Cape Poge Flats, NW. f W. Westerly------------- 4i Ce.pe Page Light-house, NW. Northerly---------------------------- 4j- The blaok buoy on the north'n end of Outer Flats, NW. by N., a. little over 2 l From this buoy MUes. East Chop bears NW. by w. :f W---------------------------------- l i Hobnes' Hole Light-house NW. by W. i W·------------------------- 31- The black buoy oft\" East Chop Flats :NW. t W·---------------------- 1 i tNobska Point Light-house :NW. W·------------------------------ 6t In beating, vessels should go about on the southerly tack as soon as Nobska Point Light-house bears NW. i W., or Holmes' Hole Light-house WNW. When past Squasli ~Ieadow Shoal and approaching East Chop, a black spar-buoy East Chop Flats. will be seen t,o the northeastward of that point. This is on East Chop Flats, which make off from the point for a quarter of a mile in a NE. by E. direction. The buoy is marked No. 23, and is placed in three fathoms close to the edge of the shoal. It bears from the black nun-buoy on the western end of Squash Meadow NW.!- W., one mile and three-eighths; from Holmes' Hole Light-house SE. by B. ! E., a. mile and three-quarters; and from the nun-buoy on the western end of the Hedge Fence 8., a mile and fiv&-eighths distant. Nobska Point Light-house hears from this buoy NW. l W., nearly five miles distant. The buoy on East Chop Flats is also a guide t,o Vineyard Haven, formerly called Holmes' Hole. About three miles and a half to the westward of it all the channels through the Sounds unite, and a description of the dangers from this point until to the westward of Vineyard Sound Light-vessel will be found on pages 95-97. . SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR ENTERING AND PASSING THROUGH NANTUCKET AND VlNEYABD SOUNDS FROM BOSTON. VI. Bil ~\"l&e • • • _. s..:t• ~-Vessels from Boston wishing t.o enter Nantucket Sound by the South or Main Channel continue the S. l W. course from oif Nauset Beacons, (see page 97,) passing to the eastward of Monomoy Shoals, and carrying not less than eight fathoms of water, until Nantucket light bears w. i 8., distant ten miles and a quarter, when the depth will be eleven fathoms, and the course W. by N. l N. for Cross Rip Light-vessel, distant twenty-one miles. On this course there· will not be less than five and a quarter fathoms. When up with Cross Rip Light-vessel the course is W. by N. t N., «>ward Holmes' Hole Light-house, for a. little over ten miles, or until Cape Poge Light-house bears SE. bys. and Nobska Point light NW. by W., when the. latter course should be st.eered for N obska Point light until within a mile and a. half of it, with Holmes' Hole Light-house bearing SE. by S. i 8., with eleven fathoms of water, sticky bottom; whence the course is w. by S. i B. through Vineyard Sound, carrying not less than nine fathoms, until the light-vessel oft' the Sow and Pigs bears NW. f w., two miles distant. Here the depth will be twelve fathoms, and the course may be shaped W NW. for Brent.on's Reef Light-vessel; W. i l.'lf. for the entmnce to Block Island mockSound; or w. bys.ts. to pass outside of Island. Vessels from the westward, bound through the Sonnd by this channel, need only to reverse the above coUJ.'SeS. The above OOU1'8ES pass two miles and fi.ve-eight.bs to the eastward. of the 1a1'g'e nun-buoy on the det.ached shoal between the .Main Portion of Pollock. Rip a.nd the Broken Part; -One mile and. a half to the eastward of the red cam-buoy on the southeastern end of the Broken Part of Pollock Rip; one mile and seven-eighths to the eastward of the b.orimntally-striped nun-buoy oft\" the· eaete:m. end of Twelve-feet Shoal; two miles e.nd a half to the eastward of .the black nun-buoy on Broke11 Rip; two miles and fi.ve-eighths to the eastward of G1'.'e8t Bound.Shoal; a mile and a quarter to the northward of :McBlair's Shoa.l; seven-eighths of a mile to the south.ward of the ~ spar-buoy on the southern side of Great Bound SlwaI; the same diebmce t.o the aorthward of the blaclc spa.r-baGy on the north-

VINEYARD SOUND. 113 eastern end of Great Point Rip; three miles and an eighth to the southward of Ifan<l- Sailing Direc- kerchief Light-vessel; two miles and three-eighths to the northward of the blaek nun- tions --Nan - huoy on the eastern end of Tuckernuck Shoal; half a mile to the southward of the red tuclet and nun-buoy on the Broken Ground SE. of the Horse-Shoe ; three-eighths of a mile to Yineyartl the southward of the southeastern end of the Horse-Shoe; a quarter of a mile t{) the Sounds, Main northward of the black spar-buoy on the northern end of Cross Rip; a mile and a half Channel. to the southward of the red nun-buoy midway of the southern arm of the Horse-Shoe; a mile and three-eighths to t11e northward of Fourteen-feet Shoal; a mile and a half t.o the northward of the black nun-buoy on Norton's Shoal; two miles to the northward of the black spar-buoy on the northwestern end of Ilawes' Shoal; a mile and seven-eighths to the northward of the black spar-buoy on Cape Poge Flats; two miles and one-eighth to the northward of the black spar-buoy on the Outer Flats of Edgartown; five-eighths of a mile to the southward of the nun-buoy on the eastern end of the Hedge Fence; seven-eighths of a mile to the northward of the black can-buoy on the eastern end of the Squash l\\feadow; three-quarters of a mile t;o the northward of the black nun-buoy on the western end of the Squash :Meadow; five-eighths of a mile to the northward of the black spar- buoy on East Chop Flats; the same distance to the southward of the nun-buoy on the western end of the Hedge Fence; seven-eighths of a mile to the northward of the horizontally-striped mn-huoy on the eastern end of The Middle Ground; three-quarters of a mile to the northwestward of the centre of The Middle Ground; seven-eighths of a mile to the northwestward of the horizontally-striped nun-buoy on the western end of The Middle Ground; a mile and a half to the northward of Lucas' Shoal; two miles and three-quarters to the northward of the black nun-huoy on The Devil's Bridge; and a mile and seven-eighths to the southward of &w and Pigs Reef. 1. o. the IWOl'e C!OUrses t. enter Huannls Roads.-When between Handkerchief Light-vessel and Nantucket light, (the former bearing N. t E., three and a quarter miles distant, and the latter S. t W., two miles and seven-eighths distant,) the depth will be seven fathoms, and the course NW. by N., and Bishop and Clerk's Light-house will soon appear a little to the westward of the course. The soundings on this line vary from five to seven fathoms, and it should be continued until Bishop and Clerk's Light-house bears W. by N. t N., distant seven-eighths of a mile. The depth at this point is five and a half fathoms, and the course thence is NW. t W., wl;tich leads, with not less than three and a quarter fathoms, between Senator and Bishop and Clerk's shoals, and about one hundred and fifty yards to the southwestward of Hallet's Rock. This course should be continued until Hyannis light bears N. by E. l E., two miles distant, when the buoy on West-Southwest Ledge will be nearly abeam, bearing SW. ! W., dist.ant seven-eighths of a mile. The cou:rae is now for Hyannis light, following the directions given for the roadstead. {See page 133.} 2. Pa.strin11 tl1,reUflh the South Chan-Z, t:o enter .EJd11arf:tHMJn Harior.-On the course W. by N. i N. from Cross Rip Light-vessel, when Cape Poge Light-house bears SW. l S., two miles and three- quarters distant, the depth will be ten fathoms, and the course SW. by W. to the entrance to the l1arbor, or until Cape Poge Light-house bears SE. by E. l E., one mile and an eighth distant; from which point the directions given for the harbor must be followed. (See page 157.) Or,from Cross Rip Liglit-veNtel the course is W. f N., carrying not less than four and three- quarter fathoms, until Ca:i)e Poge- Light-house bears S. by W. t W., a mile and a quarter distant, when the depth will be six and three-quarter fathoms, 8.!ld the course SW. by W. as before. may3. P&srinfl tl&rougla t:ll.e 8-dh CAanAel, •• ~ H - - - - ' H--.-The course W. by N. i B. fowards Holmes' Hole Light-house be mntinued until within a mile and a quarter of the light, where the depth will be eight fathoms, and the course SW.! W. will lead straight to the head of the harbor with not less than three and a half fathoms. Or, on the NW. by W. cou.ru for Nobllka PCJiwt light, when Hclmcs' Hole light bears w. Southerly, distant nearly a mile and three-quarters, SW. i w. should he steered, as before. 4. 2'o elder Wo04'• Bole.._..._.,..__,..., - Uarov•A nae tloed\"la cra--z.-The NW. by W. course for Nobska Point light should be continued until 'Within a mile and a half of it, when the depth Will be eleven fathoms, and :NW. byW. i W. will lead t.o the entrance to Little Harbor, or W. :f N. fu a }lOl:lition for entering by the Main Channel; after which the directiODB for the harbor must be followed. (See pages 142-143.) · O. P.-15

114 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. 5. Pa11Blng ti.rough Ylneyard Soun.cf fron& 1;1,,,. FALlltward, t;o - t e r Ta~auUtt ON>e.-On the W. by S. i S. course through Vineyard Sound, when Nobska Point light bears NE.-! E., Tarpaulin Cove light will bear W. i N., two miles and a half dist.ant. The depth will be eleven fathoms, and the course W. by N. into the harbor. (See page 149.) .rro-6. Haviag eonae through Yincuard Sound the EailtUJard~ #o pass t:hrough fl'Ulek'11 Hole Imo Bu21Mard!11 Bau tou>ardB NeUJ Boofora.-On the course W. by S. i S. through Vineyard Sound, when Gay Head light bears s. by W. ! W., Quick's Hole will be open, and NW. t N. will lead safely in, with not less than five and three-quarter fathoms, until abreast of the red nun-buoy (No. 2) on the ledge off the western end of Pasque Island, known as Quick's Hole Ledge. When abreast of this buoy, in seven fathoms, the course is N. ! E. for about a mile until up with the nun-buoy (red and blaek) on Lone Rock; when a N. course will lead across Buzzard's Bay to the entrance to New Beclford. (See pages 205 and 210.) SAILING DIRECTIONS \\FOR VESSELS BOUND FROM SALEM THROUGH NANTUCKET AND VIJ\\t\"'EYARD BOUNDS. I. Having conae #It.rough the Well#ern or Marblehead Channel.-With Baker's Island lights bearing NE. t N., and Marblehead light NW. by N. f N., the depth will be seven fathoms, and the course to clear Cape Cod will be SE. t B. until the northern extremity of Race Point bears WSW. Southerly, and Highland Light-house SE. by S. i B., six and a quarter miles distant. At this point tthe depth will be between twenty-three and twenty-four fathoms, and the course BE. B., until High- land light bears SW. by W. ! W., one mile and a half distant, where the depth will be fourt€Cn fathoms, and S. by E. :l E. will lead along the beach at a distance of not less than seven-eighths of a mile, and with a depth of not less than six and a half fathoms. This course will, however, be unsuit- able for thick or easterly weather, as it leads too close to Peaked Hill Bar and the other shoals on the eastern face of the cape. In thick weather vessels should not go inside of twenty fathoms. The S. by E. ! E. course should be continued until Nauset Beacons-bear SW. by W. ! W. and are nearly abe.am, when S. :l W. will lead, with not less than nine fathoms, to abreast of the northern entrance to Chatham. At this point Chatham lights will bear SW. by W ., and if bound through the slue by the western channel, the course will be SW. by S. is., crossing the Broken Part of Pollock Rip in not less than nineteen feet; after which the directions for the passage through Butler's Hole should be fol- lowed. {See pages 97-98.) Or, intending f,o ero88 the slue by the Eastern Channel, the S. t W. course should be continued until the southernmost of the Chatham lights bears NW. by W., when the depth will be ten fathoms, and the course SW. by s. I S. will cross the slue in not less than three and a quarter fathoms, and lead directly up to Pollock Rip Light-vessel; after which the directions for Butler's Hole p~ should be followed. (See pages 97-98.) Or, if bound in by the Souihern or Main Entrance, vessels should continue the s. t W. course, which leads to the eastward of the shoals, until Pollock Rip Light-vessel bears N NW. Westerly, seven and five-eighths miles distant; :J'\\.Ionomoy Point light NW. by N., nearly eleven miles distant; and Nan- tucket light W. l S., ten Iniles and a quarter distant. The depth will be el~en fathoms, and the course W. by N. t N., following the directions for t~is channel. (See page 112.) s.w..a.-II. Ha'rflnu conse 'l:hrowgh 'l:he Cfd- I11Jand Chclnnel and lntendlag t• enter Na~e# From Half-way Rock steer SE.! S. until the northern extremity of Race Point bears WSW. Southerly, and Highland light SE. by S. i S., six and a. quarter miles distant, when the depth will be between twenty-three and twenty-four fathoms, and the course BE. l s., following the directions given above. III. H•wng co.ae :e.11&.....,h. 'f'Ae Xma O.cHMMil _.. •~-. '#o eneer N•~ t!101n14.- With Baker's Island light.a bearingW. by N. !N., three miles distant, and Eastern Point light NE.} E., nearly four niiles distant, th!! depth will be twenty-two fathoms, ''fine gray sand.\" From this point the course is SE. i 8. until the northern extremity of Race Point bears WSW. Southerly, and Highland light SE. bys.is.• six and a quarter miles distant, as before. The depth will be from twenty-three to twenty-four :fathoms, and the course SE.is. until up with Highland light, following the directions given above.

NANTUCKET SOUND. 115 The above courses from Salem will cross the tail of Stellwagen's Bank in from twelve to eighteen fathoms water,-the bottom being mostly coarse sand and broken shells. On striking the northwestern edge of the bank a vessel following either of these courses will be about Rixteen miles to the northwest- ward of Highland light, and from ten to eleven mi~es N. i W. from Race Point light. On leaving the bank and again striking twenty fathoms of water, Race Point light will bear from S. by W. -f W. to SW. by S. ! s .• according to the courses sailed., and will be distant six miles and a half; while High- land light will bear from SE. by S. to SE. by S. i S., and will be distant ten miles and a half. SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR VESSEL<! BOUND FROM GLOUCESTER THROUGH NANTUCKET AND VINEYARD SOUNDS. With East.em Point light bearing NE. i E., one mile and an eighth distant, and Ten Pound Island light NE. by N. ! N., there will be fifteen fathoms water; and the course thence is SE. by S. Southerly for forty-three miles, which will lead, with not less than fourteen fathoms, to abreast of Highland light. When this light-house bears SW. by W. t W., a mile and a half distant, the course w.ill be S. by E. i E. along the beach, following the directions previously given. (See pages 97-98.) The course from Gloucester crosses the southern half of Stellwagen's Bank in from fourteen to seventeen fathoms wat.er, \"coarse sand, pebbles and gravel.\" On first striking the bank from the north- ward Race Point light will bear S. l E., distant a little over thirteen miles, and Highland light will bear SE. by S. l S., distant eighteen miles and a quarter. On leaving the bank on its southern side, and first striking twenty fathoms, Race Point light will bear SW. by S. t S., seven and three-eighths miles distant, and Highland light S SE., a little over ten mile<! distant. These bearings and distances will be of service to vessels in thick weather, provided the courses have been made good. SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR VESSELS BOUND FROM CAPE AN~ THROUGH NANTUCKET A:i-.-i> VINEYARD SOUNDS. When the southernmost of the Thatcher's Island lights bears W. t S., a mile and five-eighths distant, and Straitsmouth Island light NW. ! W., two miles and a half distant, the depth will be twenty-four fathoms, and the course SSE. for nearly forty-three miles, or until Highland light bears SW. by W. ! W., distant one mile and a half, as before; after which the course along the beach will he S. by E. t E., following the directions previously given. (See pages 97-98.) The course from Cape A.nn crosses the eastern edge of St.ellwagen's Bank in from eighteen to nine- teen fathoms, with occasional soundings of twenty and twenty-one fathoms. But, on leaving the hank, and continuing to get sounQ.ings of twenty-one fathoms, Race Point light will bear SSW. Westerly, distant eleven miles, and Highland light S. by E. l E., thirteen and a quarter miles. MUSKEGET CHANNEL, which i\" principally used by vessels which have pasi!€d. flUtside of Nantucket Shoals, (or have intended to pn.ss outside of them, when coming from the westward, and are compelled to make a harbor,) is a somewhat narrow, but straight and good passage, with not Iese than tbree and a. quarter fathoms in it a.t mean low water. It runs nel\\l\"ly N. and B. along the ea.stern shore of Cho.ppaquiddick Island to Cape Poge, and its entire lengtb is about eight miles and a half. Its narrowest part is near its •outhern entrance, between Mutton Shoal on the east and Ski11' Shoal on the west, where it is only eight hundred yards wide; but it widens after pa.aeing Mutton Shoal buoy, and 1\"nns, with a.n average width of half a mile, between Cape Poge Flats aml Hawes' Shoal, and joins the South Channel about a mile and a quarter to the nol'theMtward of Cape Poge. • , This channel is rarely used on a.cconnt of its dangerous shoal11, broken bottom, and oonflict.ini:( cun-ents; and it should never be attempted at night. DANGERS. v.--..tro-I. u.e 8-d•-rci 11tNJ ~rd.-In approaching from the eastward the first danger met with is a T.arge patch of shoal graund, consisting of a great number of spots, with from fourteen to eighteen feet water upon them. It ext.ends in a NE. and SW. direction, covering an area about two miles and a half long, and leaving a channel nearly a mile wide between its east.ern end and the western side of the great Muakeget Bank. This channel is not, however, available for strangers. Soundings of from three to four fathoms are found in di:ffilrent plaoos over this shoal ground; but no Vessel of great:er draught than nine feet should att.empt to er~ it. Its western extremity, which is formed by a shoal spot with eighteen feet upon it, lies .nine miles due s. of Cape Poge light, and five

116 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. miles s. t E. from Wasque Bluff, at the southeastern extremity of Chappaquiddick Island. The buoy on :1\\Iutton Shoal bears from it N. i E., nearly three miles and a quart.er distant. To avoid it in entering, vessels must not go to the eastward of Cape Poge light bearing N. t E.; or, in the event of not seeing the light, should not stand into less than five fathoms. \\Vasque Shoal lies on the western side of the entrance to this channel, and forms Wasque Shoal. the larger portion of that great mass of shoal ground which extends to the southeast- ward and southwestward from \\Vasque Bluff, and includes within its limits Skiff Island and Skiff Shoal. W asque Shoal has from three to seventeen feet water upon it,-the shoalest water being along the southern side of the eastern half. It extends, first, W. by S. for a mile and three-quarters, within which limits is contained nearly all of the sho..'1.lest water; then S. by W. for nearly two miles; thus forming nearly a right angle. The shoal water along the southern side of the eastern half lies over short narrow sand-spits, separated from each other by narrow passages with from eight t-0 ten feet water in them; but the western arm (that which runs N. and S.) has in no place less than fourteen feet, and in few places less than sixteen feet. Its southern extremity, which marks the western boundary of the entrance to Muskeget Channel, bears from Cape Poge Light-house S. by W. ! W., eight miles; and from it the red buoy on :Mutton Shoal bears NE. by E., three miles and a quarter distant. The entrance is here two miles and three-quarters wide, between W asque Shoal and the shoal ground on the eastern side of the channel; but neither of these is buoyed. Mutton Shoal. Passing between the two the course leads to the northward towards Mutton Shoal, the red spar-buoy on.which will soon appear directly ahead. Mutton Shoal is the name given to the west2rn end of an extensive piece of shoal ground, three miles and a quarter long in an E NE. and W SW. direction, with from six to twelve feet water upon it. The buoy marks its western extremity, as well as the most difficult and dangerous part of the channel, which is here only eight hundred yards wide. with a three-knot current. The buoy is placed in twenty feet of water, marked No. 2, and bears from Cape Poge Light-house S., distant nearly five miles and three-quarters. Vessels of large draught should not, as a rule, before coming up with Mutton Shoal, stand to the e'.IStward of Cape Poge light bearing N. t W., as there is a Blwal with fifaen fed upon it lying SE. by S. l s. from Mutton Shoal buoy, and S. by E. from Cape Poge Light-house, and nearly midway between .Mutton Shoal and the fiat ground on the eastern side of the entrance to this channel. It is not, however, in the way of vessels entering with a fair wind. When up with the red buoy on Mutton Shoal it is necessary to look out, on the SlciH Shoal. western side of the channel, for Skiff Shoal, an area of shoal ground surrounding a low fiat islet, rolled Skiff Island, lying a mile and an eighth S SE. from W asque Bluff. Skiff Shoal joins the eastern end of W asque Shoal, and extends three-eighths of a mile to the south- eastward of the islet, the same distance to the northward, and five-eighths of a mile to the west- ward. The soundings vary from four to eleven feet. It is not buoyed, but should be, as this is the wori'!t part of the channel,-the current running from two and a half to three miles an hour. Cape Poge light bearing N., after passing the buoy on Mutton Shoal, will just clear Skiff Shoal. There is a channel with three and a quarter fathoms in it on the north side of Wasque and Skiff shoals, between them and Cot.a.my Beach, but it is exceedingly narrow in some places, dangerous, and totally unfit for strangers. The eastern shore of Chappaquiddick is bordered by flats extending from a quarter to three- quartcrs of a mile from shore, and vessels should be careful to use the lead, and not go inside of three and a quarter fathoms. A blook spar-buoy (the first buoy met with after passing Tom'.r Shoal. Mutton Shoal) marks the eastern edge of one of these fiats, called Tom's Shoal, whit:h has six feet water upon it, and is about a mile and a half above Wasque Bluff. This buoy is marked No. 1, placed in eighteen feet water, and bears from Mutton Shoal buoy N. t E., three miles and an eighth; from Cape Poge Light-house s. ! E., two miles and five-eighths; and from the red spar-buoy (No. 4) on the southwestern end of Hawes' Shoal W. i B., distant a little over three- quarters of a mile, which is here the width of the channel. Hawes' Shoal, which forms the eastern boundary of Muskeget Channel from Hq,we.r' Shoal. ab~ast of Tom's Shoal to its northern end, and from its southern end to its junction with the South Channel of Nantucket Sound, has been already described (see page 103) as a very extensive piece of shoal ground of triangular shape, which extends from E. to W. for two miles an<l five-eighths, and from N. to S. two miles and three-quarters. Over this large space soundings varying from four to sixteen feet are found; but the most dangerous portions of the shoal are on its reetsoutheastern and western sides, and at its northwestern end,-from four to six being found on the former, and from five to twelve feet on the latter. The red spar-buoy above mentioned is placed on its southwestern extremity in fifteen foot water, and marks the eastern boundary of ::M:uskeget Channel at this point. lt is marked No. 4, and bears from Cape Poge Light-house 8. by E. i E., two miles and five-eighths distant. From this buoy the western side of Hawes' Slwalexten<ls about N. ! E. for two miles a.;:id five--e~ghths, wit!1 ~thing to mark its position except the ri~ .of the tide.: But at its northern extremity there JS placed, JU e1ght.een feet water, a black spar-buoy, {No. f13r1) o~m~ side of the northern entraooe to Muskeget Channel. This buoy bMJs marks the eastern Poge Light-house

NANTUCKET S01JND. 117 E. ! N., one mile and five-eighths; from the black buoy (Ko. 15) on the northern end of Cape Pogc Flats ESE. Southerly, a mile and three-eighths; and from Cross Rip Li;;ht-vessel W. i S., five miles and three-quarters distant. To avoid this western side of Hawes' Shoal when the rips cannot be seen, it is only necessary to use the lead constantly and with judgment,-going about as soon it strikes three fathoms. The eai,;tern side of Chappaquiddick Island is, as before mentioned, lined by extensive fiats fro1!1 \\Vasque Bluff to Cape Pogc. These flats, called Cape Poge Flats, extend from three- eighths to three-quarters of a mile from shore, thus forming the western boundary of Cape Pogs .l'lfuskeget Channel. Soundings varying from six tu sixteen feet are found along their Flats. length,-the shoalest portion being in the neighborhood of Tom's Shoal, where there is a black buoy (No. 1) JJlaced in fifteen feet water on the edge of the channel. There are no other buoys until up with the northern end of the flats, three-quarters of a mile to the north=tward of Cape Poge, where there is a black spar-buoy (No. 15) placed in three fathoms. The only direction that can be given for avoiding Cape Poge Flat.s is to lli!e the lead constantly, and not go inside of three fathoms. SAILING DIRECTIONS. I. Coining frou1, the SouthVJard and Ea.otu:iard.-Cape Poge Light-house should be brought to be:ir N. about ten miles off, and steered for, carrying not less than three and three-quarter fathoms water. This course leads up to Mutton Shoal buoy, passing to the westward of it. When up with the buoy the course is N. -! E. for exactly a mile, or until vVasque Bluff bears NW. } W. and Cape Poge Light-house N. i- W. This course carries not less than three and three-quarter fathoms, and at the bearing there will be four and a half fathoms. From this point N. by E. leads straight through the channel, with not less than three and a quarter fathoms, into Nantucket Sound. \\Vhen Cape Pogc Light-house bears W. by S. ! S., a mile and one-eighth distant, and Cross Rip Light-vessel E., six miles and three-eighths distant, the course will be NW. t W., carrying not less than three and a quarter fathoms, and joining the :Main Channel between Squash Meadow and the Hedge Fence. Here will be found ten fathoms water, \"hard sand;\" Holmes' Ilole Light-house will bear W. by N. ~ N., and N obska Point light NW. by W.; and the latter course should be ste~red if bound to the westward through Vineyard Sound. The above courses pass three-eighths of a mile to the westward of the main body of the shoal ground W. of Muskegct Bank; an eighth of a mile to the eastward of the \"eight.een-foet spot\" which marks the limits of the shoal on the eastern side of the entrance; one hundred yards to the west\\•rnrd of the red buoy (No. 2) on Mutton Shoal; the same distance to the eastward of Skiff Shoal; a quarter of a mile to the eastward of Skiff Island; the same distance to the eastward of the black buoy (No. 1) on Tom's Shoal; nearly half a mile to the westward of the red buoy (No. 4) on the southwestern end of Hawe.s' Shoal; five-eighths of a mile to the westward of the black buoy (No. 13) on the northwestern end of Hawes' Shoal; a quarter of a mile to the northward of the black spar-buoy (No. 21) on the northern end of Cape Poge Flat.s; a little over a mile to the southward of the striped buoy on the eastern end of the Hedge Fence; and half a mile to the northward of the black buoy (No. 19) on the eastern end of the Squash Meadow. DANGERS. II. eo.&lng fro-. t1- s-.:t11M7ard aft.fl w-i-rcr, to emer l>fl the Maln .PaBBGge.- Wasque Shoal. In approoohing from the we;;tward, the first danger met with is W asque Shoal, already described, on page 116, as the larger portion of that great extent of ehoal ground which ext.ends to the southeastward and southwestward from W asque Bluff, and includes within its limits Skiff Island and Skiff Shoal. 'Vasque Shoal has from three to seventeen feet water upon it,-the shoalest wat.er being along the southern side of the eastern half. It extends, first W. by S. for one mile and three-quarters, within which limits is contained nearly all of the shoalest water; then S. by w. for nearly two miles ; thus forming nearly a right angle. The shoal water along the southern side of the eastern half lies over short, narrow sand-spits, separated from ea.ch other by narrow passages with from eight to ten feet_ Water in them; but the west.em arm (that which runs N. and s.) has in no place less than fourteen feet, and in few places less than sixteen feet. Its southern extremity, which marks the western boundary of the entrance to Muskeget Channel, bears from Cape Poge Light-house S. by W. i W., distant eight miles ; and from it the Ted· buoy on Mutton Shoal bears NE. by E., three miles and a quarter distant. The entrance is here two miles and three-quarters wide between W asque Shoal and the shoal ground on the east.em side of the channel; but this shoal ground is not approached by vessels from the west-

118 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. ward unless they should be standing to the eastward on a wind, in which case they should go about as soon as Cape Poge Light-house bears N. t E., or (should they not see the light) when the lead shows five fathoms. Joined to the northeastern end of Wasque Shoal is Skiff Shoal, already described, Skiff Shoal. on page 116, as the mass of shoal ground surrounding Skiff Island, from which it extends three-eighths of a mile to the southeastward, the same distance to the north- ward, and five-eighths of a mile to the westward. The soundings vary from four to eleven feet. It is not buoyed, but should be, as this is the worst part of the channel,-the current running from two and a half to three miles an hour. Cape Poge Light-house bearing N., after passing the buoy on Mutton Shoal, will just clear Skiff Shoal. There is a channel, with three and a quarter fathoms in it, on the north side of Wasque and Skiff shoals, between them and Cotamy Beach, but it is exceedingly narrow in some places, dangerous, and totally unfit for strangers. On the eastern side of the channel, exactly opposite to the northeastern end of Mutton Shoal. \\Vasque Shoal, will be seen a red spar-buoy. This is on Mutton Shoal, and here the channel is only eight hundred yards wide, with a strong current during both flood and ebb. Mutton Shoal is the name given to the western end of an extensive piece of shoal ground, three miles and a quarter long in an E NE. and W SW. direction, with from six to twelve feet water upon it. The buoy is marked No. 2, placed in twenty feet of water, and bears from Cape Poge Light-house S., distant nearly five miles and three-quarters. Vessels of large draught should not, as a rule, before coming up with Mutton Shoal, stand to the eastward of Cape Poge light bearing N. t W., as there is a slwal with fifteen fed upon it lying SE. by S. ! S. from Mutton Shoal buoy and s. by E. from Cape Poge Light-house, and nearly midway between Mutton Shoal and the flat ground on the eastern side of the entrance. It is not, 11owever, in the way of vessels with a fair wind. 'Vhen past Mutton Shoal the only dangers are IIawe,s' Shoal on the east, and Tom's Shoal and Cape Pogc Flat,s on the west; all of which are common to both eastern and western channels, and have been already described on pages 116-117. SAILING DIRECTIONS. II. ~ng fro11n the Sout:la.WJard and We..ttt>ard!, t:a en#:er bv tl•e JI.Caln .Passage.-Cape Poge light should be brought to bear N. by E., with seventeen fathoms water, when it will be eleven- and a quarter miles distant; and NE. by N. i N. will lead, with not less than four and a half fathoms, up to :Mutton Shoal buoy. Thence the course is N. f E. for one mile, or until Wasque Bluff bears NW.} W. and Cape Poge Light-house N. l W., when N. by E. will lead safely through the channel, following the directions given on page 117. The above courses pass a mile and fiv~ighths to the eastward of the southwestern end of 'Vasque Shoal; three-eighths of a mile to the eastward of its eastern end; one hundred yards to the westward of :Mutton Shoal buoy; the same distance to the eastward of Skiff Shoal; a quarter of a mile to the east- ward of Skiff Island; the same distance to the eastward of the buoy on Tom's Shoal; half a mile to the westward of the red buoy on the southwestern end of Hawes' Shoal ; and two hundred yards to the east- ward of the easternmost point of Cape Poge Flats. DANGERS. III. ~,...,fr_,, #he Sou-th.,•rtt a\"4 weat-rc1, -t• en#e,,. bu t:11.e E&ld_.. Pa6-oe.-This passa!'!'C leads between Long Shoal on the east and south, and Hawes' and Norton's shoals on the west and north. Thence it passes between Edwards' Shoal on the south, and Fourteen-feet Shoal and Cross Rip on the north, and joins the Main Channel of Nantucket Sound three miles and a quarter to the eastward of Cross Rip Light-vessel. It is not recommended to strangers, (although it has deep water in it,) as it is not well buoyed and the currents both of flood and ebb set obliquely across the channel. Between the southeastern end of Norton's Shoal and the northern end of Long Shoal it is only three-eighths of a mile wide; and between Edwards' Shoal and Cross Rip it is three-quarters of a mile wide. The entrance is by the Main Channel (the da.n.e:ers being the same as those just described) until within tl1ree-quarters of a mile of the black buoy on Tom's Shoal, and a mile and an eighth from the red buoy on the south- western end of Hawes' Shoal, where it strikes oft' to the northeastward, passing along Long Shoal. the southern side of Hawes' Shoal. The first danger met with is Long Shoal, which lies on the ea.stern side of the passage, and is dry in J?laces at low spring-tides, and in others has from two to seven feet water upon it. It is a sand bar of irregular shape, having a general direction about NE. and SW., and a length of two miles and a quarter. Its southern extremity ~s wit!1about a quarter of a mile to the westward of the western end of the West Shovelful, (see page 102,) Cross Rip Light-vessel bearing l'fE. ! N., and here there is found thirteen feet. From. this point it

NANTUCKET SOUND. 119 runs first NW. by W. for a mile, with soundings varying from six to eleven feet, and then with an abrupt turn runs NE. for a little over two miles-the depths ranging from two to seven feet at mean low water. On this northern end is placed, in three fathoms, a red spar-buoy, (No. 6,) which niarks tLe southern limits of the Eastern Passage. · It bears from ?.files. Cross Rip Light-vessel, SW. i WS. t· ---------------------------------- 2-f S._______________________________ 5! Cape Poge Light-house, E. by 4tRed buoy on the southwestern end of Hawes' Shoal, E. by N. i- N._____ Between it and the southeastern end of Norton's Shoal the channel has from four to ten fathoms water. Norton's Shoal lies on the northern side of this passage,-its western end being scparat.ed from the nortlw.nstern end of Hawes' Shoal by a passage only one hundred Norton's Shoal. yards wide. It is a sand shoal, with ten feet water, extending W. by N. and E. by S., and a mile and three-quarters long. The shoal of the bank bears SW. by W. ! W. from Cross Rip Light-vessel nearly two miles and a quarter; and shoal water extends from it to the westward one mile and three-eighths. A. black nun-buoy* of the second class (No. 11) is placed on it'l northern side, as a guide to vessels passing through the Sound; but there should be another black buoy on its south- eastern end, to enable vessels to pass safely through th~ EaRtern Pa&o;age from Muske~t Channel. At present, the best rule for avoiding it is not to go inside of three fathoms of water. • Nearly a mile to the northeastward of the red buoy on the northern end of Long Fourteen-feet Shoal lies Fourteen-feet Shoal, also on the northern side of the passa,_,,<J\"C. It is a detached Shoal. Rhoal, between five and six hundred yards long, with fourteen feet water upon it and from three to six fathoms on all sides of it. It extends N. by W. and S. by E.,-its southern end bearing SW. ! S. from Cross Rip Light-vessel, dist.ant one mile and three-quarters. It is not buoyed, though very much in the way of vessels using this passage. To avoid it, vessels should not go to the northward of Cape Poge light bearing W. i N. \\.Yhen past .Fourteen-feet Shoal it becomes necessary to look out, on the southern Edwards' Shoal. side of the channel, for another shoal with ten feet water, called Edwards' Shoal, which lies three-quarters of a mile S. by W. -i W. from the southern end of Cross Rip, and is not buoyed. The ten-feet spot is on its eastern side, near the middle, and bears from Cross Rip Light-vessel S. by W., a little over two miles, and from the red buoy (No. 12) on the Broken Ground SE. of the Horse- Shoe SW. by W., three miles and a half distant. The northern end of the shoal bears from the red buoy on the northern end of Long Shoal E. i N., one mile and five-eighths distant, and between it and Cross Rip the channel is nearly three-quarters of a mile wide, with from four to eleven fathoms water. On the northern side of the passage, three-quarters of a mile N.•by E. t E. from the northern end of Edwards' Shoal, lies Cross Rip, already described on pages 102 and Cross Rip. 109. It bas eleven feet upon it at mean low water, lies N. by W. and B. by E., and is three-quarters of a mile long. Its southern end is not buoyed, but a black spar-buoy (No. 9) is placed on itB northern side as a guide to the Main Channel. A little over six hundred yards to the northeast- . ward of the northern end of the shoal is placed the Light-vessel, which shows a fixed white light from a height of thirty-nine feet above the sea. A bell is also rung in fo~ weather. To make this EaBt Channel available for strangers, buoys should be placed on the southeastern end of Norton's Shoal, on the southern end of Fourteen-feet Shoal, on the northern end of Edwards' Shoal, and on the southern end of Cross Rip. Such an arrangement will be recommended. SAILING DIRECTIONS. III. co-~•D f r - \"l:lt.e Sow:tr.-..11\"4 and! W~11\"4, to enter l'>tl l:\"lae Ea..te- .Pa.ssaue.-Cape Poge light should be brought to bear :N. by E., with seventeen fathoms of water, when it will be eleven and a quarter miles distant, and NE. by N. t N. wil1 lead safely up to Mutton Shoal buoy,-passing to the westward of it, and steering :N. j E. for one mile, or until Wasque Bluff bears NW. i W. and Cape Poge Light-house :N. ! W. From this point the course is N. by E. for one mile and three-eighths, carrying not less than three and a quarter fathoms, until Cape Poge Light-house bears N. i W., when the depth will be three and a half fathoms, and the course ENE. for five miles and a quarter, with Wasque Bluff nearly over the stern. .This course passes to the southward of Hmves' and Norton's shoals, and to the northwestward of Long Shoal, and leads up with the red buoy (No. 6) on the north- toern end of the latter, passing the northward of it three hundred yards distant. ·when up with this buoy Cross Rip Light-vessel will bear :NE. t E., two miles and five-eighths distant; the depth will be eight fathoms, and the oourse E. :f N., which will lead safely between Fourteen-feet Shoal on the north and :Ed:wards' Shoal on the south, carrying uot less than five fathoms, and joining the Main Channel three miles and a quarter to the eastward of Cross Rip Light-vessel.

120 ATLA..\"iTIC COAST PILOT. The above courses pass five-eighths of a mile to the southward of the red spar-buoy (No. 4) on thG southwestern end of Hawe\"' Shoal; one-eighth of a mile to the southward of the southernmost point of. trot shoal.: seven-eighth\" of a mile to the northward of the southwestern point of Long Shoal; one-eighth of a mile to the southward of the southeastern end of Norton's Shoal; three hun- dred yard5 to the northward of the red buoy (No. 6) on the northern end of Long Shoal; four hundred yards to the Routhward of Fourteen-feet Shoal; the same distance to the northward of Edwards' Shoal; and six hundred yards to the southward of Cross Rip. There is another channel leading into Nantucket Sound from the southward, which passes between l\\:luskcgct Bank and Mutton Shoal, and then joins the East Channel between Hawes' Shoal and Long Shoal; but it is crooked, dangerous,.and entirely unfit for strangers. LIGHT-HOUSE.<;. ILatitude. 11I ,·' Fixed or Height Distance Longitude '\\Y.,st. Revolving. altove visih1e in ...,a. nautical 1 JI___________ ~ ar~~ -~~~1 thne_._ · - - - - - level. mil.,s. 10 t : , 0I fl h,. ID. S. j Feet. 39 12 ICros:1r.ipLi!:'ht-vessel .•..•...•...... 1 41 Z6 v 70 16 1:>8 4 41 '1.9 Fixffi. 13 'TO Z6 44 4 41 4'1.0 i Fixed. 115 C:i.::>a Pogo ~ht-house ...•....•.. ----/ 41 zo 14 ~~--------~---------------~~--~-------'' CURRENTS. I I lLocALITY. -1 i E;~·~~~:w. w~~~~~~=m~E. ~- ~-E:ist of Cape l'o;re Light-house .•...•. Cul\"N'nt turns aftpr 11 . Curre11t. Moon's Meridian Duration of Cur- 1~-----~-.,--- :Flood or Passag... r\"nt. Ebb. Set. [Drift.. \\ _ _ _ _ _ _ j ! w. E. 1 11 I 1: NE. t E•••••• - . 0. 7 I Flood .•. · : SW.ts........ 0.8 Ebb ...•. II f:~~Ylf.~:: ~:i ~~:::: __ --~~-~~-- --~~-~~--lr-~---~~-1--~-- -~.-------··11-----·-·1····----,IJlot-rree:i lluske:ret Isla.nd and West3 lla!f o. mile n NE. of Bk:Uf Island ..... . :11I : w.is......... llb.ovclful Choal. • 1.7 Ebb •.••... --------- Ii i_ '1 V ABIATION OF THE COMPASS. The magnetic variation for 1878, off the southern end of .Muskeget Channel, is 10° 3li' W., with an annual inerease of 2l' nearly. CHANNEL BETWEEN NO MAN'S LAND AND THE WESTERN END OF .MARTHA'S VINEYARD. This passage is sometim\"8 used by vessels from the eastward bound either into Viueynrd Sound or Ilnzzard's Bay. Betwecu No Man's Land and Squipnocket Point it is two miles and three-quarters wide, and from four to eight fathoms can be safely taken through it; but there are several dangerous ledges which require SJ>e\"'ial mention. No Man's Land is an island a mile and five-eighths long and IM\\ven-eighths of a. mile wide in its widest No Man's Land. part, extending in a. nearly W. by }{. and E. by 8. directiun two miles and three-quarters to the southwest- ward of Sqnipuocket Point. Seen from the eastward it appean. as a compaTatively low is1nnd, ba.-e of trees. with precipitous sand cliffs at its southern end. On the northern side there are a rew houses where 1he land is lowest. Shoal water extends from the northern siue of this island to distances varying from a quarter to half a mile; but the southern side is boloi and steep-to. Sqnipnocket Point, on the northern side of the entrance, ia the southwestern point of Martha's Vineyard, Squlpuocket and is compo1<ed entirely of sand hillookis, bare of trees, and presenting precipitous yellow faces to ....,,_ Point. ward. It is not l!a.fe to approach this point, as da.ngeroua -ledg- extend off from it to the southward for half a mile. From Squ.ipnncket Point a long, flat sand beach, covered with hillocks, and for the greater part of its extent backed by tl1inly-wooded bills, extends in a NW. by lf. direction nearly to Gay llead, the whole dislanc.e being tb....e mil\"\" and thrce- eightbs. •rhe sontheaetem portion of this beach ia cnlled 8q111Jmocket Beach. It is not safe to approach thU! western end of M~a's Vh•eyard nearer than three-eighths of a mile, ae there ere shoals a11d dangerous ]edges at intervals along its length. Gay Head, the northwestern extremity of Martha's Vineyard, i.J a very remarkable headland; appearh1g Gay Head. on passing it as a high, bare bluff, with remarkable perpendicular cliff's, which have a furrowed appearanee, owing to the washings -0f innum,.rable rains. The yellow appea.ranee of these elift'e ie the more remarkable from the fact tlrni the laud on both sides of them 10-0ks dark-almost blook--owiug to the grass with which it is 1hicltlyeovered. On the summit of the Head, and but a short distance buck from the c~e of the cliff, etrulda the ligbt-houae,. which is the

VINEYARD SOUND. 121 gujde to tlie \\Vt>stern Entrance to Vin<>yard Sound, and is known as Gay Head Light-1iou~e. It is a red Gay Head Light- brick tower, forty-one feet high, conm.oeted by a coven.>d way with a dwelling-house of the same color; and house. shows a flushing red and white light, of the first order of F...,..nel, from a height of one hundred and seventy feet above the sea. It flashPs every ten see-0nds, (every fourth flash bt'ing red,) and is visible twenty miles. Its geographical position is Latitude .•• - ••. -- - -- • - -- •••• - •••••• - •••••••• -- ·-. ·-. ·- - •••• ·-. - •. 41.0 20' 52\" N. Loncitude ·- _ --- -- . --- ·- --·. --··- .•• _. _... -· .•. -·. -- _·-· ..... ·-·. 700 ~9' 4'1\" W. It bears from Miles. Nobaka. Point Light, SW. 1! w ... - .. - ..... - .... -- ....... - -... -.. -.. -. -- - . -.. - .. -- -- . - .. -- ... -- . 12t Ta.rpaulin Cove Light, SW. f S ............. ···--· ............ ---- ----------··--···· •..•.nearly 8 Cuttyhtlllk Light, SE. i s... -... ·-·· ........................ ·-· .................. -· ... -. ... .. . Gt V!neya.rd Sound Light-vessel, SE. by E. t E..•. _........ _.. _ ......... _....... _... _... _ .... _... _ 7 t Blocir Island North L11Jht, E. i- N •.•• - •• - - •. - . - ••• - •.•.. - - - .. - - ••••• - - • - - ... - • - - •• - •••. - . - - - - . - 34 Block Island Southeastern Light, E. i N. ·-· ·-- ·-·. -- --- ... - . -- . ·-· --- .. - - . - - ...... ---- •• ·-. --· 34t DANGERS. In approaching this channel from the eastward there will be seen, when off Squipnocket, a red spar-buoy well to the northward of the course, marked No. 2, and bearing about N. Squipnocket ?! W .• distant a little over a mile. This is on Squipnocket Ridge, a dangerous ledge of rocks which extends from Squipnocket Point S. by W. for half a mi]e; is in some Ridge. places bare at low ·water, and in others has from two to ten feet upon it. The buoy is placed in three fathoms, off its southern end, and bears from the cliff at the Routheastern end of No 1\\Ian's Land NE. { N., two miles and three-quarters, and from Gay Head Light-house SE. by S. t S., four miles and an eighth distant. 'The sailing-line passes five-eighths of a mile to the southward of it. When abre::ist of this ledge, a black spar-buoy will appear on the western side of the channel, bearing about W. ! S., and distant one mile. This is on Old J\\fan Ledge, a Old Man Ledge. dangerous sunken ledge, lying a little over three-quarters of a mile N. by E. i E. from the northern point of No Man's Land; two miles WSW. from Squipnocket Point; and a little over four miles s. f E. from Gay Head Light-house. It has seven feet water upon it. The buoy is marked No. I, placed in eighteen feet water on the northeastern side of the ledge, and the sailing-line pas...\"eS well to the northward of it. There is a good channel, however, 'vith not less than four fathoms, between Old l\\fon Ledge and No Man's Land; and vessels may pas.<. i safely through it by giving the buoy a berth to the northward of not less than three-eighths of a mile. Lone Rock. Nearly half a mile NW. t N. from the black buoy on Old l\\ian Ledge will be seen another black spar-buoy, marked No. 3. This is on Lone Rock, a small detached ledge with eight feet at mean low water, and soundings of four and five fathoms on all sides of it. The buoy is placed on its northeastern side, in eighteen feet water, and bears from Gay Head Light- house S. i E., three and five-eighths miles; from the red buoy on Squipnocket Ridge W. t S., nearly two miles; and from the western extremity of No Man's Land SW. by S. Southerly, a mile and five- eighths distant. Between this rook and Old Man Ledge there is a channel with from three to four fathoms in it, and an eighth of a mile wide. After pa...<>.sing Lone Rock there are no dangers in this pa&iage until up with Gay Head,-it being only necessary to keep about three-eighths of a mile from shore;-but on pas;;ing Gay Head it will be necessary to look out for The Devil's Bridge, a dangerous ragged The Devil's reef, a large portion of which is bare at low water, and which extends out five-eighths Bridge. of a mile from land. In southerly and westerly gales the sea breaks with great violence over this reef, and may be heard at a considerable distance; but the shoal is only dangerous in thick weather, or to vessels standing close in towards Gay Head. A black nun-buuy of the second class, marked No. 25, is placed in five futhoms water on the northwestern extremity of the reef; and, by vessels which have come through this ~<Ye, is left first to the eastward and then to the southward. SAILING DIRECTIONS. The western end of Cuttyhunk Island should be brought to bear NW. by N. and stef'red for, carrying not less than four and throe-quarter fathoms of water, until Gay Head Light-house bears NE. by E .• a little over a mile distant, and Vineyard Sound Light-vessel NW.! W., six and three- quarter miles distant; when the depth will be ten fathom.'>, and if bound to the westward NW.! W. should be st.eered for Vineyard Sound Light,..vesse1 until Cuttyhunk light bears N. i E .• two and five- eighths miles distant, and the light-vessel is two miles off. The depth will be twelve fathoms, and the course WNW. for Brenton's Reef Light-vessel; W. t N. for Point Judith; and W. by S. f S. to pass fa the southward of Block Island. C. P.-16

122 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. Passage6etween But, if bound, into Vineyard Sound, when Gay Head Light-house bears NE. by No Man's Land E., ns beforr.i, the c,'Ourse is N. t E. for a mile and five-eighths, carrying nQt less than and Martha's six fathoms, until Gay Head Lighi-house bears SE. i- S., a mile and a quarter distant. Vineyard. The depth will be ten fathoms, \"black mud,\" and the course through the Sound NE. by E., which will join the main sailing-lines throo miles and a quarter to the westward of Nobska Point Light-house, with Tarpaulin Cove light bearing W. l N. Or, the NW. by N. cour8e towardlJ Cuttyhunk I8land, should be continued until Gay Head Light- house bears E. by S. -! S., when the depth will be eleven fathoms, and the course NE. by E., as befor~. The above courses pass three-quarters of a mile to the southwestward of the red buoy on Squip- nocket Ridge; seven-eighths of a mile to the eastward of the black buoy on Old ltfan Ledge; the same distance to the eastward of Lone Rock; half a mile to the westward, and a little over half a mile to the northward, of the black nun-buoy off The Devil's Bridge. On the ~- -.-ses to emer Tar_pauUn owe.-On the NE. by E. course through the Sound, when Tarpaulin Cove Light-house bears N. i E., the course will be N. by E. t E., rarrying not less than ten fathoms, until abreast of the black buoy on Cove Rock ; after which the directions for the harbor on page 150 should be followed. II. Ha'Ding ~ tl&rough tke P4Bsage f>etff'een No JILan!s Land and MarthaJs T'ineuard, to !ente,... BU#:a:ard'tJ Bay bv p-sing t• the ~ard • f <Jutt:uhwnk Island.-The course NW. W. tor Vineyard Sound Light-vessel should be continued until up with it; whence the course is N. t E., carrying not less than eleven fathoms, until Cuttyhunk Light-house bears SE. ! S.; when NE. by E. ! E. leads up the middle of the bay. On thi.s course,to enter New Bedford Harbor: Clark's Point should be brought to bear N. i E. and steered for, following the directions given for the harbor on page 204. III. Having eo- through tle,e, Passage bett.11een No .Jll\"an's .L«\"4 and JKartlurJs Yineua'\"\"d\", to p-s through fluh:k'tJ Hole and enter BU#-rd's Ba11.-With Gay Head Light-house bearing NE. by E., a little over a mile distant, as before, the course is N. l- E. until the light-house bears SE. ! S.; when the depth will be ten fathoms, and N. by E. i E. will lead up to the black ~uoy on the eastern end of Nashawena Flats. When abreast of this buoy the course is N. ! W. for three-quarters of a ,mile, which leads up to the red buoy on Quick's Hole Ledge with not less than five fathoms of water. Thence N. l- E. leads safely into Buzzard's Bay; after which vessels should follow the direc- tions given for this bay, or the several harbors therein. HARBORS IN NANTUCKET AND VINEY.ARD SOUNDS. On 1he north side of Nantucket Sound there are several anchorages which afford shelter in northerly and eastt>rly gales; but no harbors, properly so called. On the south side is the harbor of Nantucket, now rarely used. In Vineyard Sound there are several excellent harbors on both the north and south shores, a.ffurding s&fe and convenient shelter for vessels bound either to the elllltward or westward. Of the ha.rbol'I! in Nantucket Sound the moat easterly is called CHATHAM ROADS, and liee at the northeastern end of the Sonnd, in the bight formed by the south shore of Cape Cod on t.he north, Harding'e Beach and Morris Island 01' the east, and the dry sand spit to t.he northward of Monomoy on the south. It is a good anchorage in northerly and eastt>rly gales, and is much resorted to by coasters a.nd fi>iliermen. If the gale be heavy and the vessel of less draught than eight feet, she may, at high water, enter 8ta.ge lla.rbor, which Is contained between Morris Island on the east and Harding\"s Beach Point on the west. Here ehe may lie sheltered from aU winds; bnt it is necel!\\l!ary to have a pilot, as the channel is narrow and intricate. Four feet at low water may be taken over the ba.r, and there is a rise of four feet; but the flats, dry at low water, obstruct both sides of the channel; and although it has b.,.,n buoyed by the pilots it is unsafe for atrangel'I!. . From three to six fathoms, sticky bottom, will be found in Chatham Roads; and a etrangBI' may easily reach the anchorage by foUowing the directions given below. DANGERS. .1114-I. rr- 1:1\"\"' .Ea.d-r.1 .., -the O!'uNa-r.-When up with Handkerchief Handlcerclli•f Light-ve.ssel, the course leads to the northward, passing to the westward of Hand- Shoal. kerchief Shoal, already described, on page 90, as a. very extensive shool of irregular shape, lying nearly NE. by :N. and SW. by S., with a lenitth of about three iniles and three-quarters and a depth of' from four to seventeen feet. It is well buoyed, having its north- western, northeastern, e.astern, and southern ends marked by large buoys; but vessels bound into Chatham Roads by this channel see only those on the southern and northwestern ends# The forJiler

CHATHAM ROADS. 123 is a red nun of the third class, (No. 10,) placed in four and a half fathoms about one Dangers---Ap- hundred yards to the southward of the shoal, and bears from the light-vessel N. by proaches to Chatham W. l· W., three-eighths of a mile distant. From this buoy the general course of the west side of the shoal is about N. by E. t E. for nearly a mile and an eighth, where it Roads. meets with the western entrance to the slue channel separating the Broken Part from the main body of the shoal, and which is here about three hundred yards wide. To the northward of this slue the western edge of the shoa.l continues in the same direction (N. by E. :l E.) for two miles and a half to the northwestern end, where is placed a black spar-buoy (1'o. 3) in twenty feet water. tFrom this buoy ~fonomoy Point light bears E. by S. S., a little over three miles, and Handkerchief Light-vessel S. by W. Westerly, four miles and three-eighths distant. Vessels may safely pass between Handkerchief Light-vessel and the buoy on the southern end of the Broken Part, carrying not less than eight fatJ1oms; but it is usual to go close to the former, passing it on either hand. In standing to the northward along the western side of Handkerchief Shoal, vessels in order to avoid it must not go to the eastward of the light-vessel bearing S. by E. t E., until Shovelful E. t tLight-vessel bears N., after which they should go about as soon as Handkerchief Light-ve&\"-01 bears S. W. \"\\Vhen about three miles and a half to the northward of the light-vessel, a black spar-buoy will be seen well to the eastward of the course, and about a mile off. This is on the northern encl of the Handkerchief, is marked No. 3, and placed in twenty feet water, on the following bearings: From Miles. Handkerchief' Light-vessel, N. by E. Easterly_______________________ 4if- Bass River Light-house, SE. by S. t S. ________________________ ------ 6 k Monomoy Point Light-house, W. by N. t N. ------------------·------ 3 ~ tShovelful Shoal Light-vessel, NW. W. ---------------------------- 3 ! ·when up with thi'3 buoy the course turns to the northeastward, and a red spar-buoy (No. 4) will soon appear well to the eastward of the course. This is on the southern side of what is known as The Shoal Spots, an extensive piece of shoal ground with from twelve to The Shoal sixteen feet water, which lies to the westward of J\\.fonomoy Island, and close to the Spots. shoals which make off from C-ommon Flats. The shoalest part has twelve feet, and is about three-eighths of a mile long in a NW. and SE. direction. The buoy is placed in three fathoms, about a quarter of a mile to the southward of the twelve-feet spot, and bears from Monomoy Point Light-house, NW.________________________________ _ Miles. Shovelful Shoal Light-vessel, NW. by N. f N. __________________nearly 2t 3! The black buoy on the northern end of the Handkerchief, NE.! N. ___ _ 1! Bass River Light-house, SE. __________________________________nearly 7 To avoid this shoal, when in its vicinity, vessels should not stand to the eastward of Handker- chief Light-vessel bearing S. by W. ! W. When clear of The Shoal Spots it will be necessary to look out for Common Flats, which are those extensive flats, for the most part dry at low water, making off to the Common Flats. westward and northwestward from the northern end of Monomoy Island. Shoal . water extends to the westward from these flats, with from twelve to fifteen feet; and in beating great care is necessary to avoid them. A judicious use of the lead will, however, almost always keep a ves.sel clear,-the rule being not tog<> inside of three and a half fathoms. A red spar-buov, marked No. 2, is placed on the western side of these flats in three fathoms water, and bears from the northern end of Monomoy W. by N. t N., two miles; from Chatham Light-houses SW. by W., four miles; and from J\\fonomoy Point Light-house N. -f W., four miles distant. Vessels when up with this buoy, to avoid the flats, should not stand to the eastward of Monomoy Point Light-house hearing B. i E. A mile and one-cighth to the northward of this buoy will be seen another red spar-buoy, which marks the northwestern end of Common Flats as well as the eastern side of the entrance to Chatham Roads. It is marked No. 4, placed in three fathoms, and bears from the northern end of Monomoy Ny.r. t N., two and a half miles, and from Chatham Light-houses W. by S. ! S., three and a half miles distant. The sailing-line passes a little over a quarter of a mile to the north- The Middle ward of it, and a little over a mile to the eastward will be seen another red spar- Ground.· buoy, on the northern end of what is sometimes called The Middle Ground, a shoal at ts.,the entrance to Stage Harbor. The buoy is marked No. 6, placed in fifteen feet, and heirs from Chatham Light-houses W. by S. two miles and three-eighths, and from Harding's Beach Point W. l N., one mile dist.ant. On the northern side of the entrance vessels should beware of a dangerous shoal, upon which there is but five feet water, making oil' to the southward for about one mile and an eighth from

124 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. tlarwich Flats. abreast of Harwich. From the southern end of this bar shoal water extends half a mile farther,-sixteen feet being found a mile and i:hrc>c-quarters from shore. It is not buoyed and has no name; but that of Harwich Flats has been suggested for it. To avoid it, in beating into Chatham Roads, vessels when in its vicinity should not go to the northward of Chatham Light-houses bearing E. by N. t N. 'Vhen in the Roads and standing to the northward toward the Harwich shore, Red River vessels should keep about five-eighths of a mi.le from it, or should not go to the north- Flats. ward of Chatham Light-houses bearing E. t N., to avoid the flats, called Red River. Flats, which make off from the mouth of Red River with from three to six feet' water upon them. SAILING DIRECTIONS. I. F--. 'tAe Eastward bv 'the !Kain Channei.-From Handkerchief Light-vessel the course is NW. by N. ! N. along the western side of the Handkerchief for about a mile, until ~Ionomoy Point Light-house bears NE. by E. t E., and Shovelful Light-vessel E. by N. t N., when the depth will be five fathoms, and N. by E. t E. will lead, with not less than four fathoms, to abreast of the black buoy on the northwestern end of the Handkerchief. When this buoy is abeam, bearing E. by S. ~ S. and a quarter of a mile off, NE. by N. ! N. will lead, with not less than three and a half fathoms, to the entrance to the Roads. When Chatham Light-houses bear E. by N. ! N ., that course, if steered, will lead, with not less than four fathoms, to the anchorage under Harding's Beach, where vessels may anchor at pleasure in from fifteen feet to four fathoms, according to draught. The above courses pass one hundred yards to the westward of the red nun-buoy on the southern end of the Handkerchief; a quarter of a mile to the westward of the black spar-buoy on the northern end of that shoal; three-quarters of a mile to the westward of the red buoy on the southern end of The Shoal Spots; a mile and an eighth to the westward of the southernmost spar-buoy on Common Flats; three-quarters of a mile to the eastward of the \":five-feet spot\" on Harwich Flats; five-eighths of a mile to the westward, and three-eighths of a mile to the northward, of the northernmost spar-buoy on Common Flats; five-eighths of a mile to the southward of Red River Flats; aud three hundred yards to the northward of the red spar-buoy on The Middle Ground. DANGERS. • - 0 1 tIL .FrGna 'tAe BIUJtffJard bv 'the Channel behl>een Poi.a -a 'the Handkerchief.- This channel is not suitable for strangers, and can only be used in the day-time; but inasmuch as it is frequently used by fishermen and coasters of light draught, both in coming in and going out of the Roads, a description of it will not be out. of place. V cssels which have come through Butler's Hole and intend to enter by this passage, continue to the westward from Shovelful Shoal Light-vessel until within three-eighths of a mile of\" the red buoy on t.he southeastern end of the Handkerchief. Here the channel turns abruptly to the northwar<l, leading between Monomoy Point and Handkerchief Shoal; then between Rogers' Shoal and the flats to the westward of Monomoy; crosses the southern end of The Shoal· Spots, and enters Chatham Roads about three-eighths of a mile to the westward of the red buoy (No. 4) on Common Flats. Wishing to enter this channel a vessel must, as before mentioned, steer to the west- Handlcerchief ward from Shovelful Light-vessel, on which course a red spar-buoy will be seen bearing W. t S., half a mile distant. This is on the southeastepi end of the main shoal of the Shoal. Handkerchief, before described on page.s 90 and J 22-3. The buoy is placed in three fathoms, marked No. 8, and bears from Monomoy Point Light-house SW. i w .• two miles and an eighth; from Shovelful Shoal !Light~vessel W. N., one mile a.nd three-eighths; and from Handker- chief Light-vessel NE., a little over three milt:S distant. From this buoy the red buoy on the western end of the Shovelful OOa.rs NE. t N., a little over half a mile, and the black buoy on the northeastern end of the Handkerchief N. by E. t E., nearly one mile distant. When within three-eighths of a mile of the red buoy, on the southeastern end of the Handker- chief, the course turns abruptly to the northward, and there will be seen to the eastward of the course, bearing N. t W., and about three-eighths of a mile off, a red spar-buoy, (No. 2.) This Shorelful is on the ·western end of Shovelful Shoal, which extends along the southeastern face Shoaf. of Monomoy Point at an average distance of over half a mile from shore; is in some ploocs bare at low water, and in others has from two to ten feet up<m it. From its northern end, which is within a quarter of a mile of the western end .of Bearse's Shoal, its general course :ii3 about SW. by W. l W. until Monomoy Point hears :N'. by W. ! W., when it turns about W. f N. for a quarter of a mifo, and then '.NW.! 11'. for about six hundred ynrda to the point where

CHATHAM ROADS. 125 the buoy is placed. Throughout this extent the soundings vary from one to ten feet. Dangers--Chat- The light-vessel, before described, (see page 89,) is placed to the southward of the ham Roads. middle of the shoal, and the red spar-buoy, seen to the northeastward by a vessel bound in by this channel, marks the western end. \\Vhen up with this lust-mentione,-d buoy a black nun-buoy will be seen a little to the westward of the course, bearing about N. by W., am] about half a mile oft: This is on the northeastern end of the Handkerchief, and bears from w. tMonomoy Point Light-house, by S. $._________________________ _ Shovelful Light-vessel, NW. Westerly _____________________________ _ The red buoy on the western end of Shovelful, N. by W. ! W. _______ _ Handkerchief L~ght-vessel, NE. t N. ------------------------------- \"\\Vnen up with this buoy the channel continues to the northward, and there will soon be seen well to the westward of the course, bearing about NW. ! N., and half a mile off, a spar-buoy, paint.en red and black in horizontal stripes. This is on the southeu.stern end of Rogers' Shoal, which is the name given to a detached shoal extending in a NW. ! N. Rogers' Shoal. and BE. :it S. direction, with twelve feet water. Between the lines of three fathoms it is over three-quarters of a mile long, with a good channel not less than eight hundred yards wide between it and the Handkerchief, and another of equal width on its ea_<;tern side, between it and l\\Ionomoy Island. The channel between this shoal and the Handkerchief has in no place less than three and a quarter fathoms, while the eastern channel has not less than twenty-one feet at mean low water. The horizontally-striped buoy seen in coming through this channel is placed in fifteen feet; and half a mile NW. l N. from it is placed another buoy with the same marks, in fourteen feet water, and about four hundred yards to the northwestward of the twelve-feet spot. This buoy is intended to be on the northwestern end of the shoal, but should be moved six hundred yards to the northwestward and placed in eighteen feet at low water. The buoy on the southeastern end of Rogers' Shoal bears from l\\fonomoy Point Light-house W. tby N. N ., one mile and five-eighths; from Monomoy Point NW. by N. t N ., one mile and an eighth; and from the black buoy on the northeastern end of the Handkerchief N. i W., a little over three- quarters of a mile distant. The sailing-line passes well to the eastward of it. The buoy near the northwestern end bears from Mlles. The Southeastern buoy, NW. !- N. ______ --------------------------- l Monomoy Point Light-house, WNW.---------------------- _______ _ 2 The buoy on the northeastern end of the Handkerchief, N. by W. ! W., nearly 1 il- The buoy on the northwestern end of the Handkerchief, E. l S._ _______ 11 When past RogerB' Sho:il the dangers met with are The Shoal Spots and Cbmmon Flat.s, both of which have already been described on page 123. SAILING DIRECTIONS. I I . Fro- the Ea;Bttt>a;rd P;y the Channel bet..,een Jllononaou Point- and th~ Ha;ndlu>.reh.ief.- From Shovelful Shoal Light-vessel continue the e,-ourse W. by N. t N. for about a mile, or until Mouomoy Point Light-house bears NE. and Handkerchief Light-vesgel SW. t w. Here the depth will be seven fathoms and a half, and you will be exactly in the entrance of the channel. Now steer N. ! W. for about three-eighths of n mile, carrying not less than eight fathoms, which will bring you up with the red spar-buoy on. the western end of Shovelful Shoa1, and l\\fonomoy Point Light-house will bear NE. -k E. Now steer N. t E., which will lead to the entrance to the Roa<ls, crossing the tail of The Shoal Spots in fifteen' feet, which will be the shoalest water found on this course. When Chatham Light-houses bear E. by N. t N. steer for them, which will lead you up to the red buoy (No. 6) on the north€l\"ll end of Common Flats. Pa._.,g to the northward of this, and anchor under Harding's Beach according t.o draught. The above courses pass one-eighth of a mile to the southward of the southwestern end of Shovelful Shoal; six hundred yards to the eastward of the southeastern end of the Handkerchief; fifty yards to the westward of the red spar-buoy on the western end of Shovelful Shoal; an eighth of a mile to the east- ward of the black nun-buoy on the northeastern end of the Handkerchief; a quarter of a mile to the. eastward of the striped buoy on the. southeastern end of Rogers' Shoal; nearly five-eighths of a mile to tho eastward of the red buoy on the southern end of The Shoal Spots; seven-eighths of a mile to the westward of the red spar-buoy (No. 2) on the western edge of Common Flats; three hundred and fifty yards to the northward of the red spar-buoy (No. 4) on the northwest.cm end of those :flats; and fifty Yards to the northward of the red buoy (No,. G) on their northern end.

126 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. DANGERS. III. F'rona t:he Westu-ard, havi.ag -nae through t:he North C1aan.nel.-With Bishop and Clerk's Light-house bearing W. by N. t N., and about a mile off, the course into Chatham Roads is E. by N. t N.; and on this course the first danger met with is known as Kill Pond Bar, a very Kill Pond Bar. extensive shoal making off from the north shore in a southeasterly direction,-its southern extremity bearing SE. from Bass River Light-house, distant three miles, and from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house E. by N. t N., distant nearly seven miles. This bar has on it from four to twelve feet water, and eight feet is found two miles and three-quarters SE. from Bas\"'!'• River light. On the extremity of the bar, in three fathoms of water, is placed a red spar-buoy (No. 6)-the course passing to the southward of it. This buoy is so small as to be entirely insufficient for a guide, and it is neoossary to keep a bright look out, even in day-time, in order to see it. A can or nun-buoy of the second class has been reoommended to replare it. The present buoy bears from Bass River Light-house SE., three miles, and from Bishop and Clerk's light E. by N. t N., six miles and three-quarters distant. When past Kill Pond Bar, if beating into the Roads, it is not safe to stand inside of three and a half fathoms on the southerly tack; or, if it be day-time, to stand to the southward of Chatham Light- hollileS bearing NE. by E. i- E., to avoid the shallow water surrounding The Shoal The Shoal Spats. Spots, an extensive piece of shoal ground, with from twelve to sixteen feet water, which lies to the westward of Monomoy Island, and close to the shoals which make off from Common Flats. The shoalest part has twelve feet, and is about three-eighths of a mile long in a NW. and BE. direction. A red spar-buoy (No. 4) is placed in three fathoms about a quarrer of a mile to the southward of the twelve-feet spot; but vessels beating into Chatham Roads by this channel pay no attention to it. (See also page 123.) On the north side of the ch~cl, a little over three miles to the eastward of Kill Harwich Flats. Pond Bar buoy, lie the dangerous Harwieh Flats, which have but five feet water, and make off to the southward, from abreast of Harwich, for about a mile and an eighth. From the southern end of this bar shoal water extends half a mile farther,--sixteen feet being found one mile and three-quarters from shore. To avoid it, when beating, if it be day-time, vessels should not stand to the northward of Chatham Light-houses bearing E. by N. l N.; or, at night-time, Bishop and Clerk's light bearing W. by B. - The eastern side of the entrance is obstructed by Common Flats, which are those Common Flats. extensive flats, for the most part dry at low water, making off to the westward and northwestward from the northern end of Monomoy Island. Shoal water extends to the westward from these flats with from twelve to fifteen feet, and in beating great care is necessary to avoid them. A judicious use of the lead will, however, almost always keep a vessel clear,-the rule being not to go inside of three and a half fathoms. A red spar-buoy, marked No. 2, is placed on the western side of these flats, in three fathoms water; and bears from the northern end of Monomoy W. by N. i- N., two miles; from Chatham Light-houses BW. by W., four miles; and from Monomoy Point Light-house N. i W., four miles distant. When to the northward of this buoy, to avoid the flats, vessels must not stand to the eastward of Monomoy Point light bearing B. i E. A mile and one-eighth to the northward of this buoy will be seen another red spar-buoy, which marks the northwestern end of Common Flats as well as the eastern side of the entranee to the Roads. It is marked No. 4, is placed in three fathoms, and bears from the northern end of Monomoy NW. t N ., two miles and a half, and from Chatham Light-houses W. by S. ! s., three miles and a half distant. The sailing-line passes a little over a quarrer of a mile to the northward of it; and when abreast of it another red spar-buoy will be seen about a mile to the eastward. This is on the The Middle northern end of what is sometimes called The Middle Ground, a shoal at the entrance Ground. to Sta,,.,o-e Harbor. The buoy is marked No. 6, plaeed in fifteen feet water, and bears from Chatham Light-houses W. by S. t 8., two miles and three-eighths, and from Harding's Beach Point W. l N., one mile distant. There is good anchorage near it, in from two to three fathoms; where, if bound into St.age Harbor, it is necessary to wait for a pilot. RedRill8rFlat•. On the northern side of the Roods the shore should not be approached nearer than five-eighths of a mile, to avoid Red River Flats, which make oft' from the mouth of Red River and the vicinity of South Harwich for half a mile, with from three to six feet water upon them. They are not buoyed, but a good rule to avoid them in day-time is not to go to the northward of Chatham Light-houses ~g E. l :N.

CHATHAM ROADS. 127 SAILING DIRECTIONS. III. Fro- #he Wes#u.>ard, having cona.e tl&.-ough the Nor#h Channel of NtM~tueket Sound.-On the SE. !- E. course for Handkerchief Light.-vessel, bring Bishop and Clerk's Light.-house to bear W. by N. t N., one mile distant; when the depth will be five fathoms, and the course E. by N. ! N., carrying not less than three and a lialf fathoms to the entrance to the Roads. On this course, when abreast of Harwich Flats, with Bass l{iver light bearing W. by N. f; N., nearly six miles distant, tand l\\fonomoy Point light S. by E. l E., five miles distant, NE. by E. E. will lead safely to the anchora.:,cre. The above courses pass half a mile to the southward of the red spar-buoy on Kill Pond Bar; thrcc- quarters of a mile to the southward of the five-feet shoal on Harwich Flats; six hundred yards to the northward of the red spar-buoy on the northwestern end of Common Flat'l; five-eighths of a mile to the southward of Red River Flats; and three-eighths of a mile to the northward uf the red buoy on The Middle Ground. IV. Havi- eonae tl&r-gl& the South or \"JICaln Channel of Nan#ueket Sound front- the Westuicu•d, to enter CIUt'Uuun .Boads.-On the course E. by B. t B. from Cross-Rip Light-vessel, when Handker- chief Light.-vcssel bears E. i N., eight and a half miles distant; Bishop and Clerk's Light-house N. f E., seven miles and three-eighths distant; and the red buoy on the southern end of the Broken Ground SE. of the Horse-Shoe N. by E. ~ E., half a mile distant; the depth will be nine and a quurter fathoms, and the course NE. t E. for the entrance to the Roads, carrying from three to seven fathoms water. On this course, when Bass River Light-house bears W. by N. ! N., and l\\Ionomoy Point light B. by E. t E., NE. by E. i- E. will lead safely to the anchorage. STAGE HARBOR is a narrow and shoal inlet of irregular shape, which makes in between the western shore of Morris Island nnd Ha.rcllng'a Beach Point,-a long sandy point, forming the eastern end of a sand beach called lla.rding\"a :Beach. This beach makes to the southeast- wardfrom the mouth of Red River, and is about two miles and three-quarters long. with sand hillocks near its eastern end. On the point may be seen a group uf large, white fish·housee, with projecting wharves; and it is just insitle these wharves that the beet anchorage is found. Five-eighths of a mile above che entrance, at Harding's Beach Point, the inlet forming Stage Harbor hranche,.,-sPnding one branch to the northPastward for a mile and a quarter behind Chatham Ltght-houees, and up to the southern end of the village, while the other, which is shoaler and much narrower, rans first to the northwestward for five-eighths ofa mile behind Harding's Beach, and then turns abruptly to the northeastward for a mile and a quarter, terminating at the back of the \\'illage. The anchorage, which is just opposite to the dividing point, affords excellent shelter, with from two t-0 two and a half fathoms, soft bottom; but only fou?\" feet at low water can be carried aero\"\" the bar at its mouth. The rise and fall of tides is ahont fuur feet. A pilot can be obtained at all times, and it is not possible for stt'S.ngers to enter Stage Harbor without oue. Vessels desiring to enter should auchor near the Mid<lle Ground buoy and make the customary !!ignaL The South Cha.mlel lD.to Cha.tha.m passes from Chatham Roads between Harding's Beach Point on the north, and the dry :flat making off .from the northern en<l of Monornoy Island, and is about eight hundred yards wide. It then runs to the eastward close under Morrill Island PoiDt, and then to the northward, skirting the eastern shore of the island. Four feet at mee.n low water can be taken through this channel, but it is necessary to have a. pilot. BASS BJ:VER ROADS. Between six: and seven miles to the westward of Chatham Roa.de is the entrance to Baas B.lver, a narrow, crooked and shallow etrenm running in a northeasterly direction, and of little importa.nce. It hears from Monomoy Point light NW. t W., a little over ten miles; from Bishop and Clerk's light, NB. i- N., five miles and an eighth; and from Point Gammon (the eastern point of entrance to Hyannis Roads) NE. by E. i E., four miles di..tant. The village of BouUJ. Yarmouth ie built upon iti< wastern bank, about a mile a.hove the mouth, but there is no passage to it,- there being only one foot of water on th,,. bar at low tide. A mile 1md a quarter to the east.ward of the entrance will be seen the light-house, which is called Base Bass River Light· River Light-house. Seen &om the southward it is difficult to distinguish from the hoWl08 in its vicinity, as house. it is built on the keeper\"s dwelling,-a large white two-st-0ry house standing near the beach. It shows a fixed white light, of the fifth order of Fresn.,I, from a height of forty feet above the sea, visible twelve miles. Its geographical position is Latttude••••••••••••••••.•••••..•••••.••••• , ••••••••.•••••..•••••. 41°39' 4\"N. Lollgltude•••••• ··---- .•..••..••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••. 10° 9 1 150''W. There is no fug-aignal. No sailing directions can be given for the river, l;).ut anchorage may be fonnd by email vessels off' the entrance in what ie known 1u1 Bau. lUver B.oadate&d., ween ehe1tered from all but southerly gales, which bring in a heavy sea, rendering the anchur- ...,.,,, ineec11re. A breakwat.er bas been commenced on the easrern end -Of Dog Fish Bar, seven-eighths of a mile SW. by 8. from the 1ight-hooee. It was designed as a protection fur small veaaela in \"BOutberly galee, but in its present unfinished oondition afford.a lit.Ile ttnelter. From this breakwater .

128 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. Mile1. Point G.a.m:non bea.rs W. by S. t S...•..•.•.....•.. -- • -- .•• - •• - .•••••••••••••..•••••••. a little over 4 B1Shop and Clerk's Light-house SW. t W .• - - ••.•• - - ••••••••••••••••••••••• -- ••••••••••••••••. - • - • • 5t Bandkerohief Light-vessel SSE. Southerly...•••...•... ---·-············- ........................ lOt Monomoy Point Light-house SE. t E •. - •• - .•••.•..•............. - .•.. - ••..••. - - ...••• - . - - - ...•.. - . 9f DANGERS. tI. Frona t;Jo,e EaldttJard.-'Vhen up with Handkerchief Light-vessel steer NW. W., as if bound into the North Channel. On this course you will pass three hundred yards to th'e Handkerchief southward of the southern end 'Of the Handkerchief; which is here marked by a red Shoal. nun-buoy of the third class, (No. IO,) placed in four and a half fathomR about one hundred yards to the southward of the extremity of the shoal. The Handkerchief, as bzfore described, (see pages 90 and 122-3,) is an extensive sand shoal of irregular shape, three miles and three-quarters long, and a mile and a half wide at its widest part, leaving a passage between the shoal and Monomoy Point, through which not less than three and a half fatlwms may be taken. (See descrip- tion of this channel, on page 124.) The Handkerchief has from four t-0 seventeen feet water upon it,-the shoalest water being near its western edge, and about midway between its northern and south- ern ends. The course for Bass River Roru'fa leads along it.<> western face at an average distance of a mile and a quarter; and to avoid this western face, in beating, vessels should not stand farther to the eastward than to bring Handkerchief Ligh~vessel to bear S. by E. ! E., until Shovelful Light-vessel bears E. t N.; after which they should go about as soon as the former bears S. t W. vVhen past the Handkerchief there are no dangers until within about three miles Kill Pond Bar. of the light-house, when it is necessary to look out for Kill Pond Bar, a very extensive shoal, with from four to eight feet water, which makes off in a series of flats from the north shore of Nantucket Sound, extending from Herring River to Bass River. On its southeastern textremity, three miles SE. from Bass River Ligh~house, and seven miles E. by N. N. from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house, there is placed a red spar-buoy (No. 6) in three fathoms water. This buoy is not readily distinguished until close to it; and in view of the importance of it.<> position, a can or nun- buoy has been recommended in its place. The course for Bass River light passes a mile and a quarter to the westward of this buoy, and does not approach the edge of the bar at any point nearer than three- eighths of a mile. On the west side of the entrance, stretching along the north shore from Bass Dog Fish Bar. River to Point Gammon, lies another great shoal, called Dog :Fish Bar, an extensive flat with from three to twelve feet upon it, extending nearly a mile from shore. It is not, therefore, safe for vessels drawing over twelve feet to approach the north shore between Bass River and Point Gammon nearer than a mile and a half. On the northeastern extremity of this bar is plac'ed a black spar-buoy (No. 1) in twelve feet water, which bears from Bass River light SW.! S., distant three-quarters of a mile. It is about one hundred and fifty yards NE. from the breakwater. SAILING DIRECTIONS. I. Prona f;he Et:iuot;u.ar.i.-From Handkerchief Light-vessel steer NW. t W. for a little over half a mile, or until Monomoy Point Ligb~house bears NE. by E. This clears the southern end of the Handkerchief, and Bass River Light-house will bear N. by W. t W. Steer for it, carrying not less than three and a quarter fathoms, until Bishop and Clerk's Ligh~house bears W. by B. ! S., with three. and a half fathoms, sandy bottom. Bass River light will now be about two miles and three-eighths distant, and NW. by N. i N. will lead safely to the anchorage to the northeastward of the breakwater, where ves>els may anchor in from twelve to fifteen feet, sandy bottom, with the light-house bearing any- where from N. to NE.! N. In southerly winds, vessels of light draught may round the breakwater, giving it a berth to the westward of about two hundred yards, when they will have not less than tien feet water, and may come to on its north side in from eight to twelve feet, near the buoy on Dog Fish Bar. There is, however, very little shelter here in southerly winds; and, if the tide be favorable, small vessels should make a signal for a pilot and enter the river. DANGERS. II. Pr- eJae Weatw.N, lacviftO' eoJDe #1u·ough #Ae N_,.,A a.t.1--Z of Naa#ueke# s.tnMl.-The eastern part of the North Channel is a mass of shoals and ledges; but these are for the most part; well buoyed, and those which are not marked are not dangerous, except to veisels of large draught. Whe!1 ' off Point Gammon, with the tower bearing BE. by :N. t :N•• one mile distant, the appearance of this end of the channel will be as follows:

BASS RIVER ROADS. 129 A little to the northward of the course, about half a mile distant, and bearing SE. by E. t E., will be seen a spar-buoy, painted red and black in horizontal stripes. This is on Hallet's Rock, with eight feet at mean low water, which b~..ars from Point Gammon Hallet'8 Rock. tower S., one mile and a quart.er, and from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house N. by W. ! W., one mile and an eighth distant. The buoy is placed in twenty feet on its western side, and the sailing-line passes an eighth of a mile to the southward of it. To avoid this rock at night, vessels beating through the North Channel should not, when in its vicinity, stand farther to the northeastward than to bring Bishop and Clerk's tLight-house to bear 8 SE. Easterly, until Bass River light bears NE. by E. E., when they will be to the eastward of the rock. To the northeastward of Hallet's Rock buoy, but more distant, bearing about E., Senator Shoal. one mile and an eighth off, will be seen a red spar-buoy. This is on Senator Shoal, a part of the shoal ground extending off to the southeastward from Point Gammon, and joining the western end of Dog Fish Bar. It has seven feet at mean low water, and bears from the buoy on Hallet's Rock NE. by E. ! E., five-eighths of a mile; from Point Gammon tower SE. by S., one mile; and from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house N. i E., one mile and a half distant. The buoy is marked No. 8, placed in sixteen feet water on its southeastern end, and the sailing-line passes well to the southward of it. The bott;om is rocky on this shoal, but the buoy is placed in sandy bottom. On the south side of the channel, bearing about SE. by S. ! S., will appear Bishop and Clerk's Light-house, a tall granit.e rower, rising from a mass of rocks which are about ten feet above the water. The shoal water and broken ground surrounding this light-house is known as Bishop and Clerk's Shoal, and has from four to eleven feet upon it at mean low water. Bishop&Clsrl'1 It ext.ends from the light-house in a NW. direction for one mile, and in a S.-! E. Sboa/. direction seven-eighths of a mile. The dry rocks upon which the light-house is built lie at the eastern angle of the shoal, and not over sixteen feet water will he found a quarter of a mile t;o the northeastward of them. There is. no buoy either on the northeast.ern or northwestern end, but vessels may avoid the shoal by giving the light-house a berth of not less than half a mile t;o the south- ward. Bishop and Clerk's Light-house bears from Bass River Light-house SW.!- W., nearly 6 miles, and from Monomoy Point Light-hon...\"€ W. by N. l N ., eleven miles and a half distant. There are several dda-Ohed shoals, with from twelve to seventeen feet water upon them, t;o the southeastward of Senator Shoal, and extending nearly across the channel. They are not dangerous t.o vessels of twelve feet draught and less; but those of larger draught should keep about half a mile from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house in passing it,-thus hugging the south side of the channel. Dog Fuh Bar and Kill Pond Bar, which have been described among the dangers in approaching the Roads from the eastward, are not in the way of vessels coming from the westward, unless they are beating to windward. In such a case Dog Fisli Bar may be avoided by not standing t;o the northward of Bass River light bearing NE. t E. until within two miles of the light, when the rule is not to go t.o the westward of Bishop and Clerk's light hearing SW. i W. Kill Pond Bar may be avoided by not standing to the eastward of J\\lonomoy Point light bearing SE. t E. SAILING DIRECTIONS. II. ~ -e1&e w~,.., J&ot>t,.. - eA_ __. e1ae x....e• ~·-i •.I' N•~ . . . . . .--On the course E. byN. f N. through the North Channel, when off Hyannis, in five and a quarter fathoms, with Bishop and Clerk's Light-house bearing SE. by S. ts.. Point Gamin.on tower NE. by N. JN., and Hyannis Light-house N. f W., the course is SE. t E. towards Ha.ndkerehief Light-vessel. On this course there will not be Iese than three and a quarter fathoms; and when Bishop and Clerk's Light- house bears W. bys.} S., with four fathoms of water, E. by N. ! N. should be steered, carrying not less than three fathoms of water, until Bass River Light-house bears N NE., when the depth will be five fathoms, and the course for the light will lead safely to the anchorage. The above courses pass one hundred and fifty yards to the southward of Hallet's Rock; nearly half a mile t.o the northward of Bishop and Clerk's Light-house; and across the tail of the broken ground south of Senator Shoal in eighteen feet wat.er. They pass three hundred and fifi:y yards to the eastward of the breakwater, and three hundred yards to the eastward of the blook buoy on Dog Fish Bar. III. Be..._,, - ..._.Bf-~ ei.e . . . . - ..--. a - - i of N~ a--.d, eo eae- ~BC141.--0n the oouree .E. by S. i S. from Cross Rip Light-vessel, when Handkerchief Light-vessel bearH E. i N. and Bishop and Clerk's Light-house l!f-t E., the eourse is NB., t E. for a little over a mile and a quarter, or until Cross Rip Light-ves3el bears W.} s.,or Handkerchief Light-vessel B. i l!i. The C. P.-17

130 ATLANTICl COAST PILOT. Sailing Dirs c- depth will be seven fathoms and the course N NE., on which Bass River light will soon tions--Bass appear directly ahead. This course continued will lead safely to the anchorage, where River Roads. vessels may come to in from twelve to sixteen feet water, with the light-house bearing anywhere between N. and NE.! N. The above courses pass nearly half a mile to the southWa.rd, and four hundred yards to the east- ward, of the Broken Ground southeast of the Horse-Shoe; after which there arc no dangers. Strangers should never attempt to enter Bass River,-its mouth being almost entirely closed a,t low water. It is, besides, so narrow and crooked as not to admit of navigation by the smallest vesselS without a pilot. The Roads are sometimes used in heavy northeasterly weather by coasters bound to the eastward, but the majority of vessels make Hyannis or Chatham Roads. TIDES. 12h l'fm Corrected Bata.bllalll:neni.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.••.••.•.•.....••....••..•. 3. 7 ft. 4.2ft. llean ltise and Fall of tides •••• _..• _. __ •••••••••••••• _•••••• _•••••••••••••••••• _•.••••• 2.7ft 6h 46m Mean lt1se and Fall of Spring' Udes••••••••••••••.•••••••• -----·-······---------······-· Jlllean RiBe and l'all. oflieli.p tides .•••••••••••••••••••••• ·······-···-----··-------- •••••• 5h 35JD :llean dur&tlon Of Jlllle ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• llean duration of Pall.••.•.•...•.••.••••••••.•.••••.•••••••••••••••••••••.•••.••.••.••• CURRENTS. The observatiorui oftida.I currents were made in the vicinity of Bishop and Clerk's Shoal, and, as far as practicable, in calm weather or Hght winds. The following table gives set and drift. of the current,-the bearings being magnetic and the drift in nautical miles. First Quarter. Maximum. Third Quarter. Set. Drift. Set. Drift. LOCAUTY. Flood or E. 0.11 Ebb. Illalfmllel!f.ofBlahOp andOlerk'a L1&1J.1;- howie. Set. Drift. w. byl!f.tl!T. O.'l E.!S. o0..6• E.i-N. 0.8 Flood. 'W'.byN. W. 'byl!f.l<N. o. 3 Ebb. VARIATION OF THE COMFASS. The magnetic variation for 1878, off Point Gammon, is 110 111 W., with an approximate annual increase of 21'· HYANNIS BOADSTEAD. This anchorage, frequently resorted to by coaaters during northeasterly gales, lies on the west side of Point Gammon, and off the entrance to Lewis Bay. It ie formed by a large cove embraced between Point Gammon on the east and Hyannis Point on the west; is two miles and a half wide at. ite entrance, and gradually oontl\"aets to about a mile in width at its head. The anchorage is partly sheltered from southerly winds by a breakwa.ter,-a mass of stone loosely thrown together, and about four h'lllldred yards long. Its direction is 1'W. by W. and SE. by B., and the eastern end was, in 1873, three-quarters of a mile 8 SW. from Hyannis Light-house. It is believed that it has not since been extended. Point Gammon. Point Gammon is a sandy bluff head, of moderate height, with yellow precipitous faces and level summit, crowned with a thlck line of low trees. A white tower and dwelling on it.a BOuthern end mark the site of the old light-house, which has been fur eome years dieoontinued. This point is \"hoal, and ehould not be approached from the eastward nearer than a mile and a half; or from the southward nearer than half a mile. Hyannis Point. Hyannis Point, when viewed from the BOnthward, appears as a smooth graesy hill, higher than· any of the adjacent lands, and terminating to the northwestwal'd in a high sandy bluff, joined to the point by a strip or low land. The summit and l!(}Utheaatern side of the point are covered with houses, forming part of the email settlement of llpmda Port.. ·Over the low land to the eastward of Hyannis Port will be seen the village of KYamWI. which is situated a mile inland; and in range with it will appear the breakwater, which lookalike a long line of rocks; the upper par& having Hyan11la Ligbt- a whitish appearance. Nearly ln range with the breakwater, and to the northword, will be seen Hyannis hone.. Light-house, situated close to the beach, about half a mile B. by B. i JI. from Hyannis Port. wharf, ond a nmile and a half :from Hyannis Point. is a low white tower, standiug close to the keeper's dwelling, OD\" smooth level point, with precipitou 881ldy faces. It is twenty-one feet high, a.nd &hows a fixed red light from a height of furty-two feet above the sea, visible twelve miles. Its geographical poaitiOil iB I.attQlde. ···-· •••••• -· ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •10 88' 811 B. LO~ •• -- ••• ····• •••••• •• •••••• ••• •••••••••••••••••••• -·-··· 700 1'1' 19'' W. There is no fog-signal. At Hyannis Port there is a large railroad wharf, where veeaels lie and dl.echarge cat\"go.



HYANNIS ROADS. 131 DANGERS. I. Pre- the Eafiu:iara.-From Handkerchief Light-vessel the course for entering the North Channel of Nantucket Sound is NW. t W., carrying not less than four and three-- quarter fathoms. This will lead up to Bishop and Clerk's Shoal, on the high, dry Bishop&Cler/r'.s rocks of which there is a tall gray light-house. This extensive shoal lies on the south Shoal. side of the North Channel, and has from four to twelve feet water upon it. It extends from the light-house in a NW. direction for one mile, and in a S. !- E. direction for seven-eighths of a · mile, surrounding a group of dangerous rocks, which lie about two miles and three-eighths S. by E. from Point f':TIDilmon. On the northernmost of these rocks, twelve feet above high water, stands Bishop and Clerk's Light-homie, a gray stone tower forty-seven feet Bi.shop&Clerlc'.s high, with a bell-tower of open work attached to its western side. It shows a white Light-houae. light, of the fourth order of Fresnel, (flashing once every thirty seconds,) from a height of fifty-nine feet alx>ve the sea, visible thirteen miles. Its geographical position is Latitude -------------------------------------41° 34' 25\" N. w.,Longitude------------------------------------ 70° 15' 111 and it bears from Miles. Poin tRGivaemrmLoignhTt,oSwWer., lS.Wi E-------------- -- _- -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-n-e-a-r-l y- 62i . _______________ __ Bass Monomoy Point Light, W. by N. f N·------------------------------ Ht Handkerchief Light-vessel. NW. i W·------------------------------ lOt Nantucket Light, NW. by N. i N. --------------------------------- 14t Cross Rip Light-vessel, NE. by N. i N·----------------------------- 7 f The fog-bell is struck by machinery once every :fifteen seconds, in foggy weather. On the east side of the North Channel, opposite to Bishop and Clerk's Shoal, there are several shoal spoh;, with seventeen feet water, which form part of the extensive system of shoals making off to the southeastward from Point Gammon. The southernmost of these shoals lies two and one-eighth miles SE. by S. ! S. from Point Gammon tower, and three-quarters of a mile ENE. from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house,-the sailing-line passing midway between them. The other shoal spots lie in a line N. by W., toward Senator Shoal buoy. As, however, vessels drawing more than twelve feet rarely use Hyannis Roads as an anchorage, these shoals are not considered dangerous and are not buoyed. When past Bishop and Clerk's Light-house, a spar-buoy, painted red and black Ha/Jet's Roct. in horizontal stripes, will be seen nearly ahead, but a little to the northward of the course, bearing about NW. This is on Hallet's Rock, a small detached ledge, with eight feet at mean low water, lying nMrly in the middle of the channel, and bearing from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house N. by W. i W., one mile and an eighth, and from Point Gammon tower S., one mile and one-quarter distant. The buoy is placed in twenty feet water on its western side, and the sailin~-line passes about an eighth of a mile to the southward of it. To avoid this rock at night, when in its vicinity, vessels should not stand farther to the northeastward than to bring Bishop and Clerk's Light-house to bear SSE. Easterly, until Hyannis light bears N. ! W., when they will be to the westward of the rock. Senator Shoal lies on the north side of the channel, forming one of the shoals extending from Point Gammon to the southward. It is not in the way of vessels Senator Shoal. bound into Hyannis from the eastward, unless they attempt to cross the shoals. It is marked by a red spar-buoy, (No. 8,) placed in sixteen feet water on its southeastern end. Senator Shoal has seven feet at mean low water, with rocky bottom,-the shoal of the reef lying a mile SE. by B. from Point Gammon tower, and a mile and a half N. ! E. from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house. w When past Hallet's Rock, the nex todiaPnogienrtmGeatmwmitohni,samndarbkeeadribnygaa.rbeodutspNaEr-.btu oy, Gaze/ls Roci. hich will be seen just t o the eastward N. This is on Gazelle Rock, also a pa.rt of the system of shoals making to the southward from Point Gamm.on. It has ffve feet at mean low water, lies B. by E. t E. from Point Gammon tower, half a mile, and NW.! W. from the buoy on Senator Shoal, :five-eighths of a mile distant. The !>uoy is marked No. 10, and placed in eighteen feet o:tf the south side of the rock. It is z:ot, however, m the way of vessels from the eastward Unless they are standing to the northward on a wmd. If beating to windward, a vessel should not stand farther to the westward than to bring Hyannis light to bear N. by E. f E., and West-Southwest Ledge will West-Southwut be av-0id~-a dangerous ledge, with eight feet at mean low water, lying near the eastern en~ of the extensive system of shoals extending to the southeastward. from Ledge. the Osteryille shore. A n;st-cla.ss bell-buoy,* painted red and marked ~o. ~4, lB placed on the south- east~ side of the ledge m sixteen feet water, and bears fro~ Hyanm.s Light-house SE. by.s. ! S., two miles and three-quarters; and from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house NW by W., two miles and

132 ATLANTlC COAST PILOT. Dangars-Hyan- five-ei~hths distant. The shoalest spot on 'Vest-Southwest Ledge bears from Hyannis nis Roads. Light-house SW. hy S., nearly three miles; from Point Gammon tower W. by S. ! s., two miles and three-eighths; and from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house NW. by W. i W., three miles distant. This rock is also sometimes known as Gangway Rock. From seventeen to eighteen feet of water is found half a mile to the eastward of the bell-buoy; but with Hyannis light bearing N. by E. i E. there will not be less than twenty feet. The course continues to the northwestward for a mile and three-eighths after passing Hallet's Rock, and there will be seen a little to the westward of the course, and about a mile to the northeastwuru s of the bell-buoy on \\Vest-Southwest Ledge, a black spar-buoy. This is on the South- out h west west Ground, the southern extremity of the shoals which make off from Hyannis Ground. Point, and has from seven to twelve feet water upon it. The buoy is placed off its eastern end, in three fathoms, is marked No. 1, and bears from Hyannis Light (in range with the eastern end of the breakwater) S SW., two miles; from Point Gammon tower W. ! S., one mile and a half; and from the bell-buoy on W'\"est-Southwest Ledge ·NE. t E., nearly one mile distant. The course passes to the eastward of it, and turns to the northward toward Ga rdin er•• Hyannis light. On this course look out, on the eastern side ofthe channel, for Gardiner's Rock. Rook, which will be recognized by the red spar-buoy (No. 2) on its southwestern end. This is a detached rock, with ten feet at mean low water, which forms part of the shoal ground making off from the entrance to Lewis Bay, and is three-quarters of a mile from the west.em shore of Point Gammon. Gardiner's Rock bears from Hyannis Light-house S. l W., one mile and an eighth; and from Point Gammon tower NW. by W., nearly one mile distant. The buoy is placed on its southwestern side, in fourteen feet water, and bears from the black buoy (No. 1) on the Southwest Ground NE. t N., one mile distant. The sailing-line passes to the westward of it. About two hundred and fifty yards to the northward of Gardiner's Rock buoy ·will be seen an iron spindle with a cage on top, also on the eastern side of the channel. This is on Great Rock. Great Rock, a dry ledge on the western extremity of the fiats making off from the western side of Point Gammon. It is about eight feet above high water, lies nearly .three-quarters of a mile from the shore, marking the eastern limits of the channel ; and bears from Point Gammon tower NW. by W., one mile, and from Hyannis Light-house S. l W., one mile and an eighth distant. lt must also be remarked that about a quarter of a mile SE. from Great Rock, and four hundred yards inshore of Gardiner's Rock, there is a detached ledge, dry at half ebb, and called • Half-Tide Rock. Half-Tide Rook. It is not buoyed, but is easily avoided by not standing to the east- ward of the buoy on Gm-diner's Rock. Above Great Rock there are no buoys,-the limits of the channel be~ marked, on the west by the breakwater, which is half a mile to the northwestward of Great Rock spmdle; and on the eastern side by the jlais, which may be easily avoidoo by a judicious use of the lead. On the east end of the breakwater there is a wooden spindle, with four arms, surmounted by a cask, and painted black and whit.e; and abreast of this the channel is only about three hundred yards wide; but at the anchorage above the breakwater it has a width of between six and seven hundred yards, and a depth of from thirteen to nineteen feet at mean low wat.er, with muddy bottom. SAILING DIRECTIONS. L Pr.- -tJ&e ~•.-From Handkerchief Light-v63Bel the course is NW. l W. through the North Channel of Nantucket Sound, carrying not less than three and a quarter fathoms, until Hyannis Light-house bears N. by E. l B.; when the black spar-buoy on the Southwest Ground will be three- eighths of a mile distant, bearing about W. f N. The depth will be four fathoms, and the course thence is :Ir. by B. l E. for the light, carrying not less than sixteen feet, until past the breakwater,- to the northward of which good anchorage will be found in from two to three fathoms, muddy bottom. The above courses pass a quarter of a mile to the westward of the southernmost of the Bhoal spots S. of Senator Shoal; three-eighths of a mile \"to the eastward of Bishop and Clerk's Light-ho118C; three-quarters of a mile to. the westward of Senator Shoal; one hundred and fifty yards to the west- ward of Hallet's Rook; three-quarters of a mile to the westward of Gazelle Rock; seven-eighths of a mile to the eastward of the bell-buoy on West-Southwest Ledge.; three-eighths of a mile to the east- ward of the black buoy on the Southwest Ground; two hun<fNd yards to the westward of the red buoy on Gardiner's Rock; eight hundred yards to the westwa.-rd. of Half-Tide Rock; three hundred yards to the westward of the spindle on Great Rock; two hundred yards to the eastward of the east end of tl1e breakwater; and one hmidr:ed yards to the westward of the flats o.tr Lewis Bay.

HYANNIS ROADS. 133 Or, having eom.e through the Main or South <9&an.nel of Nau~ket Sound, .,o enter Huannis .Boad..tead.-When, on the course W. by N. t N. tmvards Cross Rip Light-vessel, Handkerchief Light-vessel bears N. t E. and Nantucket light S. t W., the depth will be seven fathoms, an~ the course NW. by N., carrying not leas than five fathoms, until Bishop and Clerk's Light-house bears W. by N. t N., nearly one mile distant; when NW. i W. will lead through the North Channel, following the directions given above. DANGERS. II. FrMn the Weshrmra.-On the course E. by N.-! N. from abreast of Eldridge's Shoal, when past the buoy on the northwest end of the Horse-Shoe, it will be necessary to look out, on the north ·side of the channel, for a ddached shoal, unth fen feet at mean l,ow water,-the southernmost of a line of shoals lying o:ff the entrance to Osterville Harbor. It has no name and is not buoyed, but is easily avoided by not going to the northward of Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel bearing W. by 8. ! S. 'Vhen past this shoal, there are no dangers in the channel; but, if beating to windward, vessels should not stand farther to the northward than to bring Bishop and Clerk's Light~house to bear E SE., to avoid the ledges off Centreville. Of these, the westerumost and first met with is known as Collier's Ledge, a half-tide rock, marked by a granite beacon, surmounted by a black Col/ier'8Ledge. spindle, with roll and vane on top. It bears from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house NW. by W. ! W., four miles and three-quarters, and from Succonesset Light-vessel NE. by E., five miles and a quarter distant. From this beacon the bell-buoy on 'Vest-Southwest Ledge bears SE. by E. i E., distant two miles. With a fair wind, however, vessels pass so far to the southwar<l of the beacon as not even to see it. Three-quarters of a mile E. by S. ! 8. from Collier's Ledge lies another detached rock, with five feet at mean low water, called Gallatin Rook. A spar-buoy, painted Gallatin Rock. black and marked No. 1, is placed in thirteen feet on the west side of the rock, and bears from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house NW. by W. i W., distant four miles. Seven-eighths of a mile SE. by E. t E. from it, and nearly in range with Bishop and Clerk's Light-house, lies Hodges' Rook, with five and a half feet at mean low water, and marked by a spar- Hodges' Rock. buoy, paintoo red and black in lwrizontal stripes. This buoy i..\" placed on the west side of the rock, in three fathoms water, and bears from Hyannis Light-house SW. !- S., three miles; from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house NW. by W. ! W., three miles and an eighth, and from the bell- buoy on West-Southwest Ledge W. by N. i N., three-eighths of a mile distant. West-Southwest Ledge, the most southeasterly of the detached ledges off Centre- ville, was formerly called Gangumy Rock, and has eight feet at mean low water. A West-Southwest first-dass bell-buoy,* painted red and marked No. 14, is placed on'its southeastern side, Ladgs. in seventeen feet water, and bears from Hyannis Light-house SE. by S. f s .• two miles and three-quart.ers, and from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house NW. by W., two miles and five-eighths distant. Keeping Bass River light open to the southward of Point Gammon on a bearing of E NE. leads clear of this ledge. The sailing-line, however, passes from one-third to half a mile to the south- \"rward of it. \\Vhen up with est.-Southwe.st Ledge a red and black horizontally-striped buoy will be seen on the south side of the channel, and about three-quarters of a mile o:ff. Middle Ground. This is on The Middle Ground, or Hyanni,s Middle Grmmd as it is oft.en called, a large shoal with from twelve to seventeen feet at mean low \\\\--ater, which extends in a NW.! W. and BE. i E. direction for about a mile and an eighth. The twelve-feet spot on the shoal bears from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house W. by N .• one mile and a half, and from Hyannis Light-house s. -! W., three miles and five-eighths distant. The buoy is placed to the northwestward of the shoalest part, and bears from Hyannis Light-house S. by W. t W., three miles and three-eighths, and from the bell- buoy on West-Southwest Ledge SE. bys. t S., nearly one mile distant. The sailing-line paa8ffi half a mile to the northward of the buoy. . \\Vhen past 'Vest-Southwest Ledge buoy the course turns to the northward towards Hyanms Light-house, and a black spar-buoy will soon become visible a. little to the westward of the course, bearing about N. i W ., and three-quarters of a mile off. This is on the Sou th west Southwest Ground, the southern extremity of the shoals making off from Hyannis Ground. Point. The shoal has from seven to twelve feet water upon it, and the buoy is placed upon its ell.Stern end, bearing as follows: From Hyannis Ligh~house (in range with the spind!e on the east end of the breakwawr) s sw.; two miles; from Point Ga.Inmon rower W. ! s .• one mile and a h?1£; and from the bell~buoy on West-Southwest ~ NB. t E., nearly one mile distant. When past this buoy, look out on the eastern side of the channel for Gardiner's Gardiner'• ~?which will be recognized by the red spar-buoy (No. 2) on_its southwestern end. ThlS IS a detached rock, with ten feet at mean low water, fornnng part of the sl_ioal Rock. ground making off from the entrance to Lewis ~y, and is three-quartera of a nnle from the western

134 ATLANTIC COAST PILOT. shore of Point Gammon. It bears from Hyannis Light-house S. t W., one mile and an eighth, and from Point Gammon tower NW. by W., nearly one mile distant. The buoy is placed in fourteen feet water, and bears from the black buoy on the Southwest Ground NE. } N., one mile distant. The sailing-line passes to the westward of it. About two hundred and fifty yards to the northward of Gardiner's Rock buoy will Great Rock. be seen an iron spindle with cage on top, also on the east side of the channel. This is on Great Rock, a dry ledge on the western extremity of the fiats making o:ff from the west side of Point Gammon. It is nearly three-quarters of a mile from the shore, marks the NW. by w., one mile, and from <'.astern limits of the channel, and bears from Point Gammon tower Hyannis light S. t W., a mile and one-eighth distant. It must also be remarked that about a quarter of a mile SE. :from Great Rock, and four hundred yards inshore of Gardiner's Rock, there is a detached ledge, dry at half ebb, called Half- Tide Rock. Half-Tide Rock. It is not buoyed, but is easily avoided by not attempting to pass to . the eastward of Gardiner's Rock buoy. Above Great Rock there are no buoys,-the limits of the channel being marked on the east by the flat.s, which may be easily avoided by a judicious use of the lead; and on the west by the breakwater, which has on its eastern end a. wooden spindle with four arms, surmounted by a cask, and painted black and white. Abreast of the breakwater the channel is only about three hundred yards wide, but to the northward of it, at the anchorage, it has a width of between six and seven hundred yards, and a depth of from thirteen to nineteen feet at mean low water, muddy bottom. 8.AILING DIRECTIONS. II. Fr--. t1- IFetdMJar.1..-When to the eastward of Succonesset Shoal Light-vessel, itis customary for vessels bound to the ea'Stward, through the North Channel of Nantucket Sound, to bring the light- vessel to bear W. by N. i N •• one mile distant, and steer E. by N. i N., rorrying not less than three and a half fathoms, until past the bell-buoy on West-Southwest Ledge, and Hyannis Light-house bears N. by E. t E. The depth will be three and a half fathoms, and vessels must steer for the light-house, following the directions previously given. (See page 133.) The above courses pass seven hundred yards to the southward of the ten-feet shoal off Osterville; three-eighths of a mile to the southward of the bell-buoy on West-Southwest Ledge; nearly half a mile to the northward of the buoy on The Middle Ground, and three hundred yards to the northward of the shoal water surrounding it; three-eighths of a mile to the eastward of the black buoy off the Southwest Ground; eight hundred yards to the westward of Half-Tide Rock; two hundred yards to the westward of tire red buoy on Gardiner's Rock; three hundred yards t.o the westward of the spindle on Great Rock; and two hundred yards to the eastward of the east end of the breakwater. LIGHT-HOlJSES. NAME. La.tiiude N. Longitude West, Fixed or Height DU.tanee Revolving. Intervrll above visible in of Fie.eh. sea- ns.utical In arc. Iu time. level. miles. 0 I ,, •.h. 1Xl. s. 0 , 41 8.0 --·-:rn. II. Feet. \" \"10 17 19 f f 119.0 1:::. lK7ami1s Light-houllll. - - - - • 41 88 8 F.B. . ............ u 12 and Clllrk'• Liell.~ 70 u 1 61 M Ill Revolving. 0 80 H 18 TD>ICS. 11h am Correctlld EldabHllJUDe1lt ••••••••••••• -··························-························· 3.8 ft. Jlean B.tse aa4 l'&11 of t14es •••••••• - --· -- • --· -·· ••• -· ••• - • -·· - •••••••••••• - • - --··-··· - --·- 4.0 t\\. Jlean JUH an41'all Gf 8prt.a&''itdo88••••••• -···· •••••••••••••••• ···-·· ···-·· •••••••••••••••• 3.1 :ft, . . . JtlH aad.1'&11 ot ..... Udell-···-··-····----·-··---·-.--· --- ··- --···. -· -·· ---· .. ·-· .. 6h 26\"' 51> 55m Ke&n d'llr&UoD ot Bille •••••• -· ••••••-· •••••••••- ••••••••• -·- ••• - ••••••••••••••• -- ••••••••• - - daratloD. ot 1'aU • -···- •••••• ·-··. ·- •••••••••• -•••••••••• ··- - •••••••••••••• --· - •••••• 5.3 t\\. - of ~ \"4e olulerft&•••••••••••• - •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

HYANNIS ROADS-·CENTREVILLE HARBOR. 135 CUBRENTS. INo. Locality. :E'irst Quarter, Second Quarter, Third Quarter, Fourth Quart.er, Flood Set. Set. Set. &t. I or Ebb. 1 - - ~ ---iTwboy-Eth.iirEds.ofamile N.~E. t S..•.•••. ---·:£. _______________-- -E. i S.. --·- .. --- . E. tN.•.•••••.•. ., Flood. . fro m Bishop W. byN. t N. ---- W. by N. t N •••.. II E. by B•••. - •..•.. W. byN. tN. - WNW...•.•..••. Ebb. s and Clerk's Light. BE. by E. t E. -··· W. ! N ..••••...•• E.t S....•....... E. t S..... -----·· Flood. NW.byW.tW ... SE. byE. I Ground. W. by B...•••••.. WNW.••••••••.. Ebb. Mld-Cha.nnel, between .B.byE.tE.•.••• NW. byW. t W. -- E.byN. --.... ---. - NE. by E. t E•... _ Flood. Point Gammon and lfW'. by w........ NW. lryW. t W ... W.byN.iN••••. Ebb. Southwest Ground. The above observations were made when there was little or no wind. The set is given in magnetic bearings, but the drift; was not observed. V A.BLt..TION OF THE COMPA.SS. The magnetic variation for 1878 iii 110 121 W., with an annual increase of llli'· GENERAL RE:M:A:R.KS. Striking ten and eleven fathoms is a sure indication of beiog to the northward of the Horse-Shoe; and it would be well for strangers in beating through the North Channel, in its vicinity, and in thick weather, not to approach the Horse-Shoe nearer than ten fathoms in case SuC<'.lonesset Light-vessel cannot be seen. In working up to the Roads, when abreast of the Southwest Ground, it is not safe t-0 approach either shore nearer tban a depth of two and a half fathoms. When to the northward of Great Rock, the eastern mark is Hyannis Light-house on with the west spire in the village. When to the northward of the Southwest Ground, the weetern mark is the west end of the break- water on with Hyannis Light-hause. CENTREVILLE HARBOR. On tl>e west side of Hyanniji Point a large semi-circular cove makes in to the northward, with from two to three fathoms in it at low water. It is known as Centreville Harbor, and its entrance is easily recognbrnd, when seen from the southward, by the high, blue, wooded hills in the background, in front of which stretches low :flat land, faced by a white sand bee.ch. Between the beach and the hills the tall steeple and thickly clustered houses of Centz'evUle will appear; and, when sufficiently near, the stone pyramid on Collier's Lodge may be seen. The harbor of Centreville is, properly speaking, only a roarlst-.d,-being open to southerly winds, the sea from which is but partially broken oft' by the shoals at the entrance. It has mir holding-ground, but is rarely used, except when vessels cannot make Hyannis or Chatham roads. The shores of the harbor are low and sandy, dotted with sand hillocks and backed by thick woods. There are two channels leading to the anchorage, having equally good water, and known respectively as the Ea.a1; and Wen channels. Strangers, however, should never attempt either, unless compelled to do so by absolute neceuity, as they are narrow and full of shoals, and not more than ten feet at low water is found in either. DANGERS. I. Fr.- ~Jt.e ~r.i:.-Making an a,n('.horage in this roadstead presupposes having come through the North Channel of Nantucket Sound; and it is hardly ever entered from the eastward,- being so near to Hyannis Roads. Wishing to enter from this direction, however, the course leads between the bell-buoy on West-Southwest Ledge, on the north, and the horizontally-striped buoy on Hyannis Middle Ground, on the south; and, when about three-quarters of a mile to the southwestward of the bell-buoy, turns abruptly to the northwestward; when there will be seen a little to the north- ward of the course, and about three-quarters of a mile off, a spar-buoy, painted red and black in horizontal stripes. Tfils is on Hodges' Rock, a detached ledge, with five Hodges' Rock. and a half feet at mean low water, which lies a quart.er of a rriile to the westward of _ West-Southwest Ledge, and on the east side of the entrance to Centreville. The buoy is placed on th~ west side of the rock, in three fathoms water, and bears from Hyannis Light-house SW. i- s .• three nules; from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house NW. by W. t W., three miles and an eighth; and from the bell-buoy on West-Southwest Ledge W. by If. t N., three-eighths of a mile distant. When abreast of it, it will be necessary to look out, 0n the west side of the channel, Gallatin Roe~ for Galla.tin Rock, a small rook, with five feet at mean low water, which lies nearly one mile to the northwestward of H~' Book, and is marked by a black spar-buoy (No. 1) placed in w.thirteen feet off ita west.em side. This buoy bears from Bishop and Clerk's Light-house NW. by t \"!11'·· four miles, and from the buoy on Hodges' Rock l!'fW. by w. t w .. nearly seven-eighths of a mile distant. When past it, and continuing the course to the northward, the sailing-line leads to the westward o£ two spar-bnoys,-the one nearest t.o the course being horizontally striped black and red, and the other a red buoy. The latter marks Hearse's Rock, and the red and black buoy Channel Rock.

136 ATLA.N'r:CC COAST PILOT. Bsarse's Rock. Bearse's Rock is a detached rock, with :five feet at mean low water, which lies nearly a mile N NW. from Hodges' Rock, and bears from Hyannis Light-house SW. -! W., two miles and three-quarters distant. The buoy is placed in twelve feet, on the west side of the rock, and is marked No. 2. The sailing-line passes a quarter of a mile to the westward of it. Channel Rock, which is marked by the red and black buoy, is a small detached Cllannel Rocle. rock, with six feet at mean. low water, and is distant from Bea.rse's Rock about six hundred yards in a W NW. direction. The buoy is placed close t,o it in twelve feet water, and bears from Miles. Hyannis s.__________________________________________tHCeynet.rnenvisilLliegBhpt-ihroeu,sse.,_S~-W--. -b-y--W--. -l--W--._-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-n-e-e-.r-l-y 2! 3 1i Point, SW. The black buoy on Gallatin Rock, N. by E._____ _:___________________ -l Middle Ledge. The oourse passes to the eastward of it and close-to. When past this buoy, the next danger lies on the west side of the channel, and is ea.lied Middle J~, or, some- times, The Kuldk Grownd. It is a detached rock, lying off the eastern end of Deadncck Shoal, and has six feet upon it at mean low water. A red spar-buoy (No. 2) is placed on its southern side; notwithstanding which better water is found by passing to the eastward of it, as if it were a black buoy. This shoal is not in the way of vessels coming in by the East Channel, unless they are standing to the westward on a wind, in which case, to avoid it, they should not go to the westward of Centreville spire bearing N. by E. The buoy is in nine feet water, and bears from the red buoy on Bearse's Rock NW. by W., one mile; from Hyannis Light-house W. by S. :f S., three and a quarter miles; and from Hyannis Point WSW. Nearly, one and five-eighths miles distant. Deadneck Rock. Only four hundred yards to the northward of this buoy will be seen a black spar- huoy. This is on Deadneck Rock, a small detached rock, with six feet at low tide, lying oif the eastern end of Deadnook Slwal, (which is that extensive piece of shoal ground stretching along the north shore from Deadneck Point--the western point of entrance to Centreville-to Oster- otville entrance.) The buoy, which is marked No. 1, and placed close to it on its eastern side, marks the junction the East and West channels,-the sailing-lines of both uniting about an eighth of a. mile to the eastward of it. Gurnet Rock. A little to the northward of Deadneck Rock buoy, but on the east side of the channel, will be seen a red spar-buoy, which is on Gurnet Rock, or Gurnet, Ledge as it is sometimes called. This rook, which is bare at low water, lies near the western end of the shoals which make off from Hyannis Point. The buoy is marked No. 4, is placed in two fathoms water, and bears from Hyannis Point W. by 8. t S., three-quarters of a mile, and from Bea.rse's Rock buoy N. ;f W., one mile distant. The sailing-line passes well to the westward of it, and Spi11dle Rock. when abreast of it another red spar-buoy will be seen to the northward,-being about three-quarters of a mile distant in a N. by E. direction. This is on Spindle Rock, a detached roek or boulder, lying on the fiats on the east side of the harbor, and about a quarter of a. mile from the north shore. It is dry at low water, and was formerly marked by a spindle, which is now replaced by the buoy (No. 6) placed in two fathoms on its southwestern side. .Anchorage is found in three and a quarter fathoms to the southwestward of this buoy, or in from twelve to sixteen feet to the northward of it, and close under the north shore of the harbor. SAILING DIRECTIONS. I. . r - - ~Mi ~...r.--On the course W. by S. ! B. from off Point Gammon, when the bell- buoy on West-Southwest Ledge has been passed, and Hyannis Light-house bears :NE. by N. l N., three miles a.nd five-eighths distant, the depth will be three fathoms and three-quarters, and the course :N :N'W. for two miles and a half, ce.rry'ing not less than ten feet at low water, until abreast of Dead.- neck Rock buoy. Thence N. by E. t E. for half a mile will lead t.o the anchorage in three and a. quarter fathoms, sticky bottom, with Hyannis Point bearing B. i $. Or, B. by N. t N. may be steered, from the above bea.ring of Hyannis Point, for from half t,o three-quarters of a mile, where anchorage in from sixteen t.o eighteen. feet may be found\" with sticky bottom, and tolerably well sheltered from southerly winds. The above oolll'!!e5 pass six hnndred and fifty yards to the westward of the red and black buoy on Hodges' Rook; a little over four hundred yards to the eastward of the black buoy on Gallatin Rock; a quarter of a mile ro the westward of Bearse's Rook; a little over one hundred yards ro the westward of Channel Rock; three hundred yards to the eastward of Deadneck Rock; eight ~hundred and fifty yards to the westward, and three-eighths of a mile to the northward, of Gurnet Rook i and six hundred ya:rda to the southward of Spindle Rock.