20 Đề thi chính thức ôn thi Đánh giá năng lực 2023 ĐHQG Hà Nội và TPHCM ôn thi đại học cấp tốc

["B. M\u1edf th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. C. G\u1ea5p r\u00fat x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. D. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Trung. 88. \u00dd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady Xu\u00e2n M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. bu\u1ed9c M\u0129 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Pari \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi ta. B. m\u1edf ra b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u0129, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. C. bu\u1ed9c M\u0129 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. D. \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m lung lay \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u0129, bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201cphi M\u0129 h\u00f3a\u201d chi\u1ebfn tranh. 89. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Cuba n\u0103m 1959 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf M\u0129 Latinh? A. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf M\u0129 Latinh. B. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf M\u0129 Latinh. C. C\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf M\u0129 Latinh. D. C\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf M\u0129 Latinh. 90. \u0110i\u1ec3m chung trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch R\u01a1ve n\u0103m 1949, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1edd L\u00e1t \u0111\u01a1 T\u00e1txinhi n\u0103m 1950 v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nava n\u0103m 1953 l\u00e0 A. K\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh trong danh d\u1ef1. B. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i do Ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp ra. C. Mu\u1ed1n xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh. D. Ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thanh th\u1ebf, ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr \u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u t\u1eeb 91 \u0111\u1ebfn 93 S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxi h\u00f3a - kh\u1eed x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c khi c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u \u0111i qua ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n li n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n li nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra. Trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n: \uf0b7 Anot c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a. Anot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. + G\u1ed1c axit c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a oxi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, CO32-, ClO4-, \u2026). Khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n theo b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2H2O \u2192 O2 + 4H+ + 4e + Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 anion b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n: S2- > I- > Br- > Cl- > RCOO- > OH- > H2O \uf0b7 Catot c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed. Catot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. + N\u1ebfu dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u cation th\u00ec cation n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. + M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cation kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n nh\u01b0 K+, Na+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Al3+ \u2026 Khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n theo b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2H2O + 2e \u2192 H2 + 2OH- Cho d\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a sau: 399 \/ 407","Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi CuSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, HNO3, Al(NO3)3 b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c than ch\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00ed \u1edf catot th\u00ec d\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9a 0,04 mol AgNO3 v\u00e0 0,05 mol Cu(NO3)2 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u01a1, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 5A, trong 32 ph\u00fat 10 gi\u00e2y. Sau khi d\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5c catot v\u00e0 \u0111em r\u1eeda sach, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111em c\u00e2n th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng catot t\u0103ng m gam so v\u1edbi ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t 100%. (Cho NTK: Cu = 64 \u0111vC; Ag = 108 \u0111vC). 91. Trong Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1, b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf anot? A. 2SO42- \u2192 2SO3 + O2 + 4e. B. 2H2O \u2192 O2 + 4H+ + 4e. C. 2H2O + 2e \u2192 2OH- + H2. D. 4NO3- \u2192 2N2O5 + O2 + 4e. 92. Trong Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1, kim lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o catot sau khi d\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 A. Cu, Fe. B. Cu, Fe, Al. C. Cu. D. Fe, Al. 93. Trong Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m l\u00e0 A. 7,24 gam. B. 3,12 gam. C. 6,5 gam. D. 6,24 gam. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr \u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u t\u1eeb 94 \u0111\u1ebfn 96 Khi thay nh\u00f3m OH \u1edf nh\u00f3m cacboxyl c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f3m OR th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c este. Este th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i hoa qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\u2026 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c (CnHmO2) v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c este v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111un n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m t\u1ea1o ra glixerol v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c axit b\u00e9o. 94. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa axit propionic v\u00e0 ancol etylic ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m este c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0: A. C3H7COOC2H5. B. C2H5COOC2H5. C. C3H7COOCH3. D. C2H5COOCH3. 95. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c (CnHmO2) v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m este, n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic v\u00e0 axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 d\u01b0. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y? A. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eafc m\u1ea1nh. Este, axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc. B. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m khan \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc. C. \u0110un n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ebfn 100oC, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec d\u1eebng D. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean qua dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. 96. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u00f3a tristearin theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau: B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Cho v\u00e0o b\u00e1t s\u1ee9 kho\u1ea3ng 1 gam tristearin v\u00e0 2 \u2013 2,5 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 40%. B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: \u0110un s\u00f4i nh\u1eb9 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kho\u1ea3ng 30 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u0169a th\u1ee7y tinh, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng th\u00eam v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: R\u00f3t th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 4 \u2013 5 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaCl b\u00e3o h\u00f2a n\u00f3ng, khu\u1ea5y nh\u1eb9 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y sai? A. Sau b\u01b0\u1edbc 3, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh hai l\u1edbp: ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. B. Sau b\u01b0\u1edbc 2, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. C. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch NaCl l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u00f3a. D. Ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng sau khi t\u00e1ch h\u1ebft x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u00f2a tan Cu(OH)2 th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch 400 \/ 407","D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr \u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u t\u1eeb 97 \u0111\u1ebfn 99 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1911, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tu\u00e2n theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ee9t m\u1eadn c\u1ee7a J. J. Thomson, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111an xen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c electron, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9t m\u1eadn (Plum pudding model). N\u0103m 1909, theo s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Rutherford, Hans Geiger v\u00e0 Ernest Marsden ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Rutherford, t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Manchester. H\u1ecd chi\u1ebfu d\u00f2ng h\u1ea1t alpha v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111o s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t alpha b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, truy\u1ec1n qua v\u00e0 t\u00e1n x\u1ea1. H\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t alpha \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \\\"m\u1ee9t m\u1eadn\\\" th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m (c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng (c\u1ee7a proton), trung h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t alpha. N\u0103m 1911, Rutherford gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 trong l\u00f5i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng xung quanh n\u00f3 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau, \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng. Khi \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea1t alpha khi n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c Coulomb, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n mang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng trong l\u00f5i th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y do h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t alpha \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do l\u1ef1c Coulomb t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00ean h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa h\u1ea1t alpha v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Rutherford c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t electron bay tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh bay quanh M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a electron li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 electron kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Niels Bohr v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1913 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. 97. M\u1eabu nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Bohr kh\u00e1c m\u1eabu nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Rutherford \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y? A. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00ealectron. B. L\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa electron v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. C. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1eebng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. D. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. 98. V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Rutherford cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Hidro. Cho h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k \uf03d 9.109 Nm2 \/ C2 , h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 e \uf03d 1, 6.10\uf02d19 C , v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a electron me\uf03d 9,1.10\uf02d31 kg . Khi electron chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00f2n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh r = 2,12 \u00c5 th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a electron x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng A. 1,1.106 m \/ s . B. 1, 4.106 m \/ s . C. 2, 2.105 m \/ s . D. 3,3.106 m \/ s . 99. Electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Hydro c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng En\uf03d \uf02d 13, 6 \uf028eV\uf029 \uf028n \uf03d 1; 2;3...\uf029 . T\u1eeb n2 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Hydro h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 photon c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 13,056 eV. Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong v\u00f9ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i; b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 A. 2 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1; 1284 nm. B. 3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1; 1879 nm. C. 3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1; 1284 nm. D. 10 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1; 95 nm. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr \u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u t\u1eeb 100 \u0111\u1ebfn 102 N\u0103m 1909, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc Ernest Rutherford \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. \u00d4ng cho ch\u00f9m h\u1ea1t \u03b1, ph\u00f3ng ra t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f3ng Poloni ( 210 Po ), b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 Nito c\u00f3 401 \/ 407","trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, Nito b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Oxi v\u00e0 Hidro. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: - Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. - Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c. 100. Trong d\u00e3y ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 23952X \uf0ae 207 Y c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau h\u1ea1t \u03b1 v\u00e0 \u03b2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra? 82 A. 3\u03b1 v\u00e0 7\u03b2. B. 4\u03b1 v\u00e0 7\u03b2. C. 4\u03b1 v\u00e0 8\u03b2. D. 7\u03b1 v\u00e0 4\u03b2. \uf028 \uf029101. D\u00f9ng h\u1ea1t pr\u00f4t\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng 1,6 MeV b\u1eafn v\u00e0o h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n liti 73Li \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo tia \u03b3. Bi\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 17,4 MeV. \u0110\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t sinh ra l\u00e0 A. 19,0 MeV. B. 15,8 MeV. C. 9,5 MeV. D. 7,9 MeV. 102. D\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t proton c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng 5,45 MeV b\u1eafn v\u00e0o h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n 9 Be \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ea1t 4 nh\u00e2n X v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t \u03b1. H\u1ea1t \u03b1 bay ra theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a proton v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng 4 MeV. Khi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, l\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng A. 3,125 MeV. B. 4,225 MeV. C. 1,145 MeV. D. 2,125 MeV. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr \u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u t\u1eeb 103 \u0111\u1ebfn 105 Radhakant Baijpai \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng tai d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00f3c trong \u1ed1ng tai th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u00fam l\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u00e0nh tai ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Guinness c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng tai d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u00f4ng Radhakant Baijpai \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00f4ng tai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c 13,2cm \u0111\u1ebfn 25cm. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u00f4ng trong ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean tai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00fam l\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u00e0nh tai. Theo nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen tr\u00ean NST gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh Y \u1edf v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. 103. T\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y di truy\u1ec1n theo quy lu\u1eadt A. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gen B. Di truy\u1ec1n theo d\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 C. Di truy\u1ec1n ch\u00e9o D. Di truy\u1ec1n th\u1eb3ng 104. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng di truy\u1ec1n, trong 10000 nam gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00f3 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00fam l\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u00e0nh tai. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 alen g\u00e2y ra t\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 402 \/ 407","A. 0,02 B. 0,04 C. 4.10-4 D. 2.10-4 105. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed \u00f4ng Radhakant Baijpai sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, 1 trai, 1 g\u00e1i. D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y sai v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y? A. C\u1ea3 2 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00fam l\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u00e0nh tai B. Con g\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u00fam l\u00f4ng c\u00f2n con trai th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 C. Con g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00fam l\u00f4ng, con trai th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00fam l\u00f4ng D. C\u1ea3 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00fam l\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u00e0nh tai. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr \u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u t\u1eeb 106 \u0111\u1ebfn 108 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX, V.Bero (Baer) v\u00e0 H\u00eacken (Haeckel) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00f4i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1, k\u1ef3 gi\u00f4ng, r\u00f9a, g\u00e0 cho t\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khe mang ; hay tim ph\u1ed1i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 2 ng\u0103n nh\u01b0 tim c\u00e1, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh 4 ng\u0103n. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. 106. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng A. Sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed B. gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu so s\u00e1nh C. Ph\u00f4i sinh h\u1ecdc D. H\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch D. T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan 107. C\u00e1nh g\u00e0 v\u00e0 tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan A. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng B. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 C. Tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a 108. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00f4i \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ee9ng minh A. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f4i gi\u1ed1ng nhau. B. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau 403 \/ 407","C. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c D. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nhau. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr \u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u t\u1eeb 109 \u0111\u1ebfn 111 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ng\u00e0nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u1edd ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u1edf trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc ta g\u1ed3m 3 ph\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh: ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i nh\u01b0 s\u1eefa, th\u1ecbt hay c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb s\u1eefa v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt; ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 ch\u00e8, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda, bia, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt\u2026v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y, h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 t\u00f4m, c\u00e1, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm\u2026 \u0110i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0: quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf; tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u01b0a cao; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4 s\u01a1, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e2u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi kh\u00f3 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a cao. \u0110\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 EU, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 hai m\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1, \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kinh doanh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u2026 . T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. (Ngu\u1ed3n: SGK \u0110\u1ecba l\u00ed 12 trang 122, https:\/\/congthuong.vn\/ v\u00e0 \u201cEVFTA v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d) 109. \u01afu th\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 A. ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn B. nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao C. nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn D. ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn 110. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 A. c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u00e9m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng B. tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p C. ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u01b0a cao D. ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. 111. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 A. \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u B. \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng C. h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m D. \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr \u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u t\u1eeb 112 \u0111\u1ebfn 114 404 \/ 407","C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i Nam Trung B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ban t\u1eb7ng v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u00e1i trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kinh t\u1ebf bi\u1ec3n. Trong 10 n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i Nam Trung B\u1ed9 v\u00e0o GDP c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 cao, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu kinh t\u1ebf, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng ven bi\u1ec3n (trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p\u2026). Kinh t\u1ebf thu\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n g\u1ed3m khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1i, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n, du l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o GDP c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 10%. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i Nam Trung B\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0: vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf; l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 v\u01b0\u01a1n ra bi\u1ec3n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf bi\u1ec3n m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng kinh t\u1ebf bi\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng Nam Trung B\u1ed9. Duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i Nam Trung B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u201cQuy ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng gian bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf l\u1eabn an ninh, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i. C\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u01b0u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn n\u0103m 2030 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u01b0: c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u trung chuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m du l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ea3o\u2026 (Ngu\u1ed3n: https:\/\/enternews.vn\/ , https:\/\/www.nhandan.com.vn\/) 112. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf thu\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i Nam Trung B\u1ed9? A. giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n B. \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n C. du l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3n D. tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ven bi\u1ec3n 113. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf bi\u1ec3n \u1edf duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i Nam Trung B\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0: A. m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf bi\u1ec3n m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n B. vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n k\u00e9m C. l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 v\u01b0\u01a1n ra bi\u1ec3n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 D. c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, ch\u01b0a thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i 114. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 ra bi\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho kinh t\u1ebf duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i Nam Trung B\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, theo em l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n? A. x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u trung chuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf B. ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m du l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3o C. ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o D. \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n bi\u1ec3n D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr \u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb c\u00e2u 115 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u 117: Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: a) T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1885 d\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1888 405 \/ 407","Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, phong tr\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a H\u00e0m Nghi v\u00e0 T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft, v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf n\u1ed5 ra tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf B\u1eafc K\u00ec v\u00e0 Trung K\u00ec. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0111i theo H\u00e0m Nghi v\u00e0 T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n th\u00e2n, s\u0129 phu v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: Tr\u1ea7n Xu\u00e2n So\u1ea1n, T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0m, T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec7p (2 con c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft), Ph\u1ea1m T\u01b0\u1eddng, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u0110\u1ecbnh... B\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y hai t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1888, do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Quang Ng\u1ecdc, vua H\u00e0m Nghi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay gi\u1eb7c. Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ecbu \u00e1n l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y sau An-gi\u00ea-ri (B\u1eafc Phi). b) T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1888 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1896 \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng phong tr\u00e0o v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, quy t\u1ee5 d\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng lan r\u1ed9ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, phong tr\u00e0o \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng trung v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u00f9ng L\u0129nh do T\u1ed1ng Duy T\u00e2n v\u00e0 Cao \u0110i\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 huy \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y t\u1ec9nh Thanh Ho\u00e1; kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 Cao Th\u1eafng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. Khi ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7ng im tr\u00ean n\u00fai V\u1ee5 Quang (H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea \u2013 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh) v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1895 \u2013 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1896, phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng coi nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. (Ngu\u1ed3n: SGK L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 11, trang 126 \u2013 128). 115. \u00dd n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai (1888 \u2013 1896)? A. Phong tr\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng lan r\u1ed9ng. B. B\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, lan ra c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C. Phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. D. Phong tr\u00e0o quy t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn. 116. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng 1885-1896 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i? A. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c d\u1eadp t\u1eaft c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. B. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh trong phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. C. Do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng phong ki\u1ebfn mang t\u00ednh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. D. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, mang t\u00ednh b\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp khi Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. 117. Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc theo A. h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. B. xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n. C. s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. D. h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng phong ki\u1ebfn. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr \u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb c\u00e2u 118 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u 120: Ng\u00e0y 6 \u2013 1 - 1946, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9, h\u01a1n 90% c\u1eed tri trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu, b\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 333 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u kh\u1eafp B\u1eafc \u2013 Trung - Nam v\u00e0o Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n 406 \/ 407","d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, b\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y 2 - 3 - 1946, t\u1ea1i k\u00ec h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, th\u00f4ng qua danh s\u00e1ch Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn do Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra Ban d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. B\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00e0y 9- 11 - 1946. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Vi\u1ec7t Nam Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00e1ng 5 \u2013 1945) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh V\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c \u0111o\u00e0n (9 \u2013 1945). Ng\u00e0y 22 \u2013 5 - 1946, V\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1945, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4n, x\u00e3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quy\u00ean g\u00f3p, \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 th\u00f3c g\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef g\u1ea1o. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cnh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1m s\u1ebb \u00e1o\\\". H\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u201cH\u0169 g\u1ea1o c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3i\u201d, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u201cNg\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m\u201d, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng g\u1ea1o, ng\u00f4, khoai, s\u1eafn v.v. \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u r\u01b0\u1ee3u. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i, t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi: \u201cT\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t! T\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ngay! T\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1eefa!\u201d. M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea5y l\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cT\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea5c v\u00e0ng!\u201d, \u201cKh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf hoang!\u201d. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ra l\u1ec7nh b\u00e3i b\u1ecf thu\u1ebf th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 thu\u1ebf v\u00f4 l\u00ed kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169, gi\u1ea3m t\u00f4 25%, gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t 20%, t\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf hoang cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n thi\u1ebfu ru\u1ed9ng, chia l\u1ea1i ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i. Xo\u00e1 n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef, n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0y 8 \u2013 9 \u2013 1945, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ki S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Nha B\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 - c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng \u201cgi\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t\\\"- v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia phong tr\u00e0o xo\u00e1 n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef. Trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 9 - 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9 - 1946, tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n 76 000 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, xo\u00e1 m\u00f9 ch\u1eef cho h\u01a1n 2,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai gi\u1ea3ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trung th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5ng s\u01b0 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. N\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi theo tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201cQu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d, phong tr\u00e0o \u201cTu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 v\u00e0ng\u201d do Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y 23 \u2013 11 \u2013 1946, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, thay cho ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. (Ngu\u1ed3n: SGK L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 12, trang 122 \u2013 125). 407 \/ 407","118. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m n\u00e0o? A. N\u0103m 1945 B. N\u0103m 1946 C. N\u0103m 1975 D. N\u0103m 1979 119. \u00dd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i, n\u1ea1n d\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh sau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. B. T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u00ednh Ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao. C. \u0110em l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. D. C\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u201cng\u00e0n c\u00e2n treo s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ngay sau khi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. 120. \u201cKh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u201d l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o? A. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc 6\/1\/1946. B. Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam 22\/5\/1946. C. Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a 2\/9\/1945. D. Ban h\u00e0nh Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. ----H\u1ebeT---- B\u1ea2NG \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. C 36. D 37. C 38. C 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. C 54. A 55. B 56. A 57. D 58. A 59. D 60. A 61. A 62. B 63. B 64. C 65. B 66. A 67. D 68. C 69. D 70. A 71. A 72. D 73. A 74. A 75. D 76. D 77. D 78. B 79. B 80. D 83. B 84. C 85. B 86. B 87. C 88. D 89. D 90. A 81. B 82. D 97. C 98. B 99. C 100. D 91. B 92. C 93. D 94. B 95. B 96. C 109. C 110. C 107. A 108. C 101. C 102. D 103. D 104. C 105. C 106. C 117. D 118. B 119. C 120. A 111. A 112. D 113. D 114. A 115. B 116. C 408 \/ 407"]