អង្កការជាអ្នកណា? Who is Ang Ka?

G`k®sI Kmw -FIG~Uy (ehA yayeTog) PaK1 rkßasTi ®Ïi Kby' a\" g

vacaG`keVHBumı edaysar®Bwti†karNE_ xµrkMBugq¬gcUlmkdl'dMNak'kary\"agsMxan'´n®bvti†saÂs†Cati KWbJ˙aerobcMkarkat'eTasExµr®khm sarBt·man «GgrbUrI» mankiti†yselIkyk‰ksard*Gsçar¥mYyrbs'G~k®sIKIm-FIGflUy ehAyayeTog EdlmancMNgeCIgfa – «GgkarCanrNa?» mkcuHpßaysarCafIµm†geTot (elIkTI3) . ‰ksarenHF¬ab'VnTTYlnUvkarekatsresIr BIsMNak'mit†G~kGannigCnrYmCatiy\"age®cInrYcmkehIy . vtƒ¨bMNgrbs'eyIg KWsMrab'CYyCaCMnYysµartI dl'mit†G~kGannigCnrYmCati edIm∫ICakare®kInrMlwkGMBIXatkmµd*mhaeXareXAmYyEdl®kSgsavtaCatieyIgVnkt'®taTukCanicçrhUteTA . eyIgsUmCMrabmit†G~kGannigbgbÌËnrYmCatifa bnÊab'BIcg®kg‰ksarenH G~k®sIKIm-FIGflUy ehAyayeTog EdlsB√´f©kMBugs~ak'enA‰®beTsVrSg VnCYb®bTHnwgkarlMVkk~¨gCIvPaBrs'enA®bcS´f©y\"agx¬Sg edayG~k®sI®tUvp¬as'b†ËrGs&-ydΩanCajwkjab' edIm∫IecosvagkartamB¥aVTBIsMNak'P~ak'yYnkumµ¨ynis† . esovePA‰ksarTSg3k∫alrbs'G~k®sIeTotesat k*Vn®tUveKhamlk'TUTSg®beTskmı¨CapgEdr .enHehIyqakCIvitd*e®Kat®Kat´nExµrG~kCatiniym . «GgrbUrI» sem¬gExµrenAbreTs

Garm∏kfa ehtuGI√VnCaxM∆¨cg®kgkMrg‰ksar®bvti†saÂs† « GgkarCanrNa ? »xM∆¨yl'eXIjfa – ‹ edIm∫IkarJrmatuPUmikmı¨Ca ! ‹ edIm∫Iksagsni†PaBmatuPUmikmı¨Ca ! eyIg®tUv®bmUl®bCaBlrdΩExµr[rYbrYmsamKIK~aBit@ esµaH®tg'cMeJHK~aBit@ [VnsiÌtlµÁtCaF¬¨gmYy . edIm∫IsamKIK~ay\"agenHVn luH®taEteyIgecHBn¥l'[®bCaBlrdΩExµryl'[Vnc∫as' faetIsasnN_ aCas®tUvcMeJHCatiExµr ? CaBiess®bCaBlrdΩExµr®tUvEtsal' ®tUvEtdwg faetIGgkarCanrNa ? CacSVc' ®tUvyl'[c∫as'CagenHeTAeTot GMBIlk≈N:´nsÂgamBit@k~¨g®beTskmı¨Ca e®JHsÂgamenHebIeyIg®keLkemIlEtmYyEP¬teTA eyIgeXIjfaCasÂgamrvagExµrnigExµr . b\"uEn†ebIeyIgsikßaGMBIneyaVyvatTIQ¬anJnrbs'yYnhaNUy eyIgnwgyl'Vny\"aggayfa sÂgamenHCasÂgamrvagyYnhaNUynwgExµr Edlmancineb\"kSgsfl˜u®KlMuCamYypg . kll∫icelbTwkdIkmı¨CaenH yYnhaNUynigcineb\"kSgVnerobcMKMeragkarCadMNak'@KW – TI1- elbykkmı¨Catamry:km¬SgeyaFaQ¬anJn TI2- bg˚b'P~ak'garyYn « CaBiessbUdUyF¬ak'vin&ymineKarBlk≈&N Edl®tUvenA®sukExµrrhUt » k~¨gCYrrbbP~MeBj edIm∫IgaykMeTckm¬SgCatiniymExµr . TI3- lYcbg˚b'niKmyYnk~¨g®beTskmı¨Ca edaylYcbn¬MeFI√CaExµr edIm∫IQ¬anJntamry:sn¬wkeq~at . TI4- vakMBugbegI˚tExµrfIµ nSykmkCMnYsExµreyIg . TI5- vamanbegI˚t®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg dak'eQµaHCaGaf·kMVMgKW « bEgÌkbdivt†n_ » . TI6- cMENk‰cineb\"kSgvij vae®bIkll∫icCabÂJças'CabeN†ay nr-Nak*dwgEdrfa cineb\"kSgkMBugEtåbtƒm∏es†csIhnu « KWvae®bIsÂgam®tCak' » EtvaEbrCap†l'GavuF[Exµr®khm « KWvae®bIsÂgamek†A » . mUlehtuenH eTIbxM∆¨xM®sav®CavGs'ry:Cag13q~S xM∆¨rkVn‰ksarCaPs†¨tag manlk≈N:d*®twm®tUvBit®VkdenHminx√HeLIy . xM∆¨B¥ayamsresrk~¨gry:eBlCag®VMbIq~SeTIbcb' xM∆¨k*sMercdak'cMNgeCIg « GgkarCanrNa? »

k®mg‰ksar®bvti†saÂs†enHCaerOgBit . dUec~HxM∆¨sUmGMJvnavdl'bgbÌËnExµrrYmQam sUmGan‰ksarenH . bgbÌËnExµrrYmQammuxEtnwgsal'fa sasn_NaCaecarcUlmkb¬n'®TB¥sm∫ti†®beTskmı¨Ca . CaBiess bgbÌËnnwg®CabGMBIlk≈N:´nsÂgamBit@ EdlekIteLIgenAk~¨g®beTskmı¨CaCaTIes~harbs'eyIg . V\"rIs,_ ´f©TI1 tula 1993 G~k®sI KIm-FIGflUy KMnMu®sI†Exµr´fr© HekA† Ehg ggti ma~ k‰' g kNa† lvalFMsbM ke®kAescI Qamkg¨~ E®skyM kNa† lvalFMmyY nkw dlb' †ImyY nkw dlk' nU ykM g¨~ escI e®kA .{!EsnsegK√ EdlecarG®byI _ xageCgI cabe' TAet®I JtC' bY vji massnÁ© eqameqAÌ xagt∫gË lcY eTAEfr© HekA† EhgsbM ke®kAescI yrU ExqS~ ehyI . bk†I nU EkvEPk~ sma¬ jx' e¨∆M GyI …mni CbY eLyI Exrµ Tku ≤≈ tes∫I y Tku e≈ GyI Tku g≈ .M ggti ma~ k‰' g kNa† lvalFM ebHdgU TjY yM Exrµ ebomKnM uM ykM g¨~ escI e®kA .⁄

GgkarCanrNa ? 1 esckI†epI†m KYr[cEm¬kNas' ! ®beTsExµrkMBugEtVnsuxekßmkßan†˘˘˘ ®sab'Etman®Bwti†karNd_ *mhac´®gmYypʨHeLIg . enA´f©17emsa1975, ®beTsExµrk¬ayeTACalanmr-N:P¬am . ExµrmYy®kumk¬ayeTAXatkrelIsasnx_ ¬Ány\"ag´®B´pß . b\"uEn†embJÇakarKW « GgkarGnamik » minEmnsem†cn˘ sIhnu …elakexov-sMpneT˘˘˘ KYr[cEm¬kNas' ! . KUbdib&k≈c∫SgK~ak~¨gkML¨geBl5q~S1Ex ®tUvcaj'TSgGs'K~a . emIlcuH˘˘˘ elakln'-nl'sMucaj' sµ&®Kcit†edIrcakecal®suk, sem†csIhnuEbrCaCab'XMuXSgeTAvij, rI‰exov-sMpn˘˘˘ KµanæeQµaH . sMnYr – etInrNaCaG~kQ~H ? cemI¬y – KW®kumsm©at'CaG~kQ~H˘˘˘ rYcvalYcbn¬Me®bIeQµaH « Ggkar » .CadMbUgGgkarcat'karsm¬ab'CabnÊan' nUvbJÔv&n†, ®BHsgÙ rYcehIyvaelIkbn†¨becarsin . kaleNaHGgkar®Kb'®Kg®beTsExµre®bIrbbecar KWeyIgeXIjecark†ab'GMNacy\"ageBjelj b\"uEn†vae®bIyIehaExµr®khm . Exµr®khmFunenHedIrb¬n'Vj'sm¬ab'ExµredayesrI . vaEkT®mg'Jk¥b¬n'CaJk¥ esI~. b\"uEn†Jk¥esI~enHsahavyg'X~gCagJk¥b¬n'eTAeTot . e®JHrdΩFmµnuJÔrbs'Ggkar karJrecaredIresI~˘˘˘ ebImças'®TB¥min®Bm[ecar KWmin®Bm[ecarExµr®khmFunenaH vasm¬ab'ecaledayesrI rYcecaTfak∫t'Ggkar .Ggkaredj®bCaBlrdΩExµrk~¨gmYynKr [cakecjBITIlMenA ®tUvecal®TB¥sm∫ti†y\"age®cIn≤tKNna . Ggkar´q~rdΩFanIP~MeBjnigTI®kugTSgLay [k¬ayeTACaTI®kugexµac . eBlenaHGgkarEbrCabJçËlcinbJçËlyYnmkkan'®beTsExµr, ®bmUl®TB¥sm∫ti†rbs'Exµr, b¬n'dwknSecjedayesrI, esssl'bni†cbn†ÁcGgkarbJÇa[bMp¬ajecal . GgkareFI√TaruNkmµdl'raÂs†Exµr®Kb'Ebby\"ag KWeFI√dUcem†ck*eday[Etdl's¬ab' rYcvacat'®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg [ecjmksm¬ab'ExµrCadMNak'@ . emIlcuH˘˘˘ bgbÌËnExµreyIgEdlminTan'dl'evns¬ab' kMBugGUsng&lrnas' halek†AhaleP¬øg esIÊrqÁtveg√g Qb'ecHniyay Qb'ecHesIc,Qb'ecHyM˘˘˘ ®sab'EtæGgkarbJÇa[dkGavuF BI®kumExµr®khmGtitecarGs'rlIg . ehIy®sab'EtenA´f©TI20 tula 1978 em\"ag®bEhl®VMbIyb'

GgkarCanrNa ? 2man®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg cUlmkvaysm¬ab'®kumExµr®khmGtitecarenaHs¬ab'Gs'rlIg . ®sab'Etæfa – man®kumGaf·kMVMgecjmkB&TÏVj'Exµr®k-hmnin~akarExµr eXIjEtexµacedks¬ab'JseBj´®B . ®sab'Etæfa – GgkarbJÇa[cab'x¬ÁnkmµaPiVlCan'xıs'Exµr®khm Edlmannin~akarExµr dUcCaelak Exk-Eb\"n ehAmit†sflUnig®bBnÏ, elak da-hYn ehAmit†va\"j, elak hflU-nwmnig®bBnÏ, elakeBj-FYk ehAv\"n-ev\"tnig®bBnÏ, Ekv-mas, kuy-FYn CaedIm˘˘˘ nSeTAbJçËlKukTYlEs¬g eFI√TaruNkmµCae®cInEx rYcsm¬ab'ecalenATIenaHGs'eTA . luHsm¬ab'Exµr®khmnin~akarExµrCitGs' G~kenAsl'rs'bni†cbn†Ác k*rt'rV\"t'rV\"yGs' . eBlenaHGgkarcat'EtgtSgGtitExµrevotmij®kumTI2 [sm¬ab'bMVt'BUCExµrteTAeTot . vae®bIyIehaExµr®khmdEdl ®bkastSg®kumx¬ÁnCatMNagGgkardEdl KW « ®kumExµr®khmnIrtI » . enAcugExF~Ëq~S1978 ®sab'EtæfaGgkarbJÇËn « eyaFa®sLaj'sem†c“ » cMnYnbYnmWunnak' [cUlcMGnÊak'Exße®tomrbs'bUdUy . bUdUyVj's-m¬ab'ecalexÊcGs' .l. nig .l. dUec~HcugExF~Ëq~S1978 ®beTskmı¨CacMhF¬¨g˘˘˘ exµaceyaFaminekorkb'minTan'e®scVc'pg˘˘˘ enA´f©TI25 F~Ë 1978 Ca´f©buN¥NUEGl˘˘˘ yYnha-NUybJÇa[bUdUyedIrecjBI´®B cUlmklukluyratt∫atJseBjTI®kugExµr . ParkicçCadMbUg vaebIkbrLanedIr®bmUlExµr®khm Edlmannin~akaryYnEdlCaGtitExµrevotmij®kumTI1 nSykmkbMJk'buN¥s&ki†[eLIgvij . ®kumTI1bMJk'GavuF[eLIgvij . edIm∫IbEg√gdan, yYnhaNUyVnbJÇa[p¬as'eQµaHbkß eQµaHkgkm¬SgexÊcxIÊGs'˘˘˘. manåTahrNd_ UcteTA – ‹ bkß®bCaCnbdivt†n_ « GtitExµrevotmij» EdlhU-CImijbJÇa[sWgg\"ukmij begI˚tBI´f©28 mifuna 1951 rYccat'EtgtSg[eFI√Ca®bFank~¨grbbehg-sMrin˘˘˘ yYnhaNUybJÇa[E®beQµaHCa « bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nk_ mı¨-Ca » rYcvacat'tSgehg-sMrin CaGKelxaFikarKNkmµaFikarmCŒwmbkß .elakehg-sMrinenH kalBIq~S1970dl'1978 Cavresniy‰kdwknSkgBlFMelx6enAPUmiPaKbUJ· . k~¨geBlGfluntak'cUlerobcM®sukExµr bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nk_ mı¨Ca E®beQµaHCa « KNbkß®bCaCnkmı¨Ca » rYccat'tSgmit†Caswum Ca®bFan .

GgkarCanrNa ? 3 ‹ kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuF‰kPaBrbs'kmı¨Ca « GtitExµrevotmij®kumTI2 »EdlhU-CImijbJÇa[sWg-g\"ukmijbegI˚tBI´f©TI19 åsPa 1951 rYccat'tSgGacar¥sux ehAmit†TU-samut CaembJÇakarenaH˘˘˘ bcç¨b∫n~E®beQµaHCa kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuF®bCaCnbdivt†nk_ mı¨Ca ( k~¨grbbGgkar kgkm¬SgenHe®bIyIehaExµr®khmnirtI ), rYcyYnhaNUyEk´q~[k¬ayeTACaecar « k~¨grbbGgkar˘˘˘®kumenHedIresI~ - k~¨grbbyYnhaNUyratt∫atlukluy®beTskmı¨Ca˘˘˘®kumenHedIrb¬n' » . ecarb¬n'k~¨grbbyYnhaNUylukluy®beTskmı¨Ca sahavx¬SgNa-s' KWsahavCagsahaveTAeTot edayvacab'cgraÂs†Exµr rYcGarkbni†cm†g@rkmaseB®C˘˘˘ eTaHman[k*s¬ab' eTaHKµan[k*s¬ab'˘˘˘ KWs¬ab'y\"agEsnevTnaCaTIbMput . « x¬ÁnxM∆¨pÊal'EdlcakecjecalmatuPUmikmı¨Ca KWbN†almkBI®kumecar CakUnecAyYnhaNUycUlmkb¬n'vayeFI√Vb cMnYnbYnelIkmkehIy .l. » . emIlcuHbgbÌËnExµreyIgeGIy!˘˘˘ GgkarkI† yYnhaNUykI† vacUlmklukluyratt∫at®beTskmı¨Ca . vaelIkbn†¨bEt®kumExµrCaGtitExµrevotmij rYcbJÇa[®tYt®ta®beTsExµrtamrebobecar . KYr[cEm¬kNas'@!˘˘˘ emIlcuH!ebI®bCaBlrdΩrbs'®beTsnanak~¨gBiPBelak®tUvrge®KaHs¬ab'˘˘˘ ®TB¥s-m∫ti†rbs'eK®tUvvinashinehacEtk~¨geBlmansÂgamb\"ueNˆaH˘˘˘ pʨyeTAvijenA®beTskmı¨Ca ®bCaBlrdΩExµr®tUvrt'ecal®suk ®tUvrge®KaHs¬ab'Cae®cInlannak' CaBiessG~kecHdwg . cMENk‰®TB¥sm∫ti† eXIjEtecarcUlmkb¬n'dwknSecj˘˘˘ enAesssl'bni†bn†Ác vavaybMp¬ajecalexÊc˘˘˘ minEmnk~¨geBlkMBugeFI√sÂgameTKWenAk~¨geBlEdlGgkarnigyYnhaNUyTTYlC&yCMnHmhaelatep¬aHeTAvij . xM∆¨CaExµrd*s¬Ët®tg', xM∆¨Camças'TwkdIkmı¨Ca, xM∆¨®tUvTTYlTaruNkmµpÊal'x¬ÁnnigVneXIjpÊal'EP~k nUv®Kb'@åbkrNd_ *c´®gåb®TBminTMngTSgenaHebomCab'Canicçkb'y\"age®CA k~¨gebHdUg´nkarQWcukcab'esakse®ggBIkar®Jt'®Vs'®KYsar, BIkars†ay®TB¥sm∫ti†, BIkars†aymatuPUmiCaTIes~ha˘˘˘dUec~HxM∆¨q©l'Esnq©l', xM∆¨cg'dwg, xM∆¨cg'sal'faetIGgkarCanrNa ? edaysarmUlehtuenHehIy eTIbxM∆¨xM®sav®Cav, xM∆¨rkeXIjPs†¨tagCaåTahrNm_ inx√HeLIy ®BmTSgman‰ksarx¬H@ ebIkbg˙aj[eXIjnUvmux

GgkarCanrNa ? 4mat'rbs'Ggkar . ‹‹ emIlcuH! k~¨grbbrbs'Ggkar, cinbJÇËn®ksYgsm©at' G~kCMnajkareyaFa G~kbecçkeTs G~k‰keTscMnYn8,341nak' cUlmkkan'®sukExµr edIm∫I[CYyeFI√karGgkar . åTahrNG_ gkarsm¬ab'evCÇbNiÎtCatiExµr, sm¬ab'®bFaneragc®kCatiExµr ˘˘˘EbrCabeJçjcinmkCMnYsTSgGs' . m\"¥agmYyvijeTot cinnSes~øtrbs'em\"A-esTug EdlefI√TaruNkmµ®bCaBlrdΩcinCMnan'bdivt†nv_ b∫Fm· (1966-68) ykmk[GgkarGnuvt†eFI√TarNkmµelIExµr . cinVnbJÇËnLankam\"∆¨gBN·´btgcas'Cae®cIne®KOg cUlmkkan'®beTs ExµrrYc®bmUl®TB¥sm∫ti†Exµrdak'LanenaH dwknSykeTAbJçËlkV\"l'FM@ rbs'vaEdlQb'sMcte®tob®taenAkMBg'EpkMBg'esam . KYr[cEm¬kNas' eTAeTotbgbÌËnExµrKYrEtdwg ! kaleNaH elIkElgEtkV\"l'ehaHrbs' cinkV\"l'ehaHrbs'yYnhaNUy GacmkcuHctQb'e®tob®ta enAcMNtGakasyandΩaneJFicintug y\"ageTotTat'minEdldac' . kV\"l'cinTI1dwkm˙ËbcMNImkp†l'[buKlikrbs'va˘˘˘ kV\"l'ehaHTI2 eq¬øteBlenaHdwk®TB¥sm∫ti†ExµreTAkan'®beTsrbs'va . kV\"l'ehaHTI3 ´f©esAr´_ f©GaTit¥ vadwknSbuKlikrbs'va EdlkMBugCYyeFI√kar[GgkarenAk~¨g®sukExµrenaH edIrelglMEhkayeTA®beTsenH…®beTsenaHy\"agsb∫ay . cMENk‰®kumExµrGay\"gyYn dUcCab\"ul-Bt, ehg-sMrin, hflun-Esn,Ca-sIumCaedIm vaKitEtBIsm¬ab'˘˘˘ vaKitEtBIkMeTcbgbÌËnCatiExµrrbs'x¬Án [rt'ecal®suk TukTwkdI[ecAh√ayrbs'va .l. ®keLkemIlelakexov-sMpn, elaksWn-esnvij CamnusßecalemßøtKµansmtƒPaBGI√TSgGs'˘˘˘. emIlcuH! sUm∫IEtGgkarbJÇa[cab'x¬ÁnkmµaPiVlCan'xıs'Exµr®khmbkßrbs'elak, cab'KNrdΩmÂnI†, shkarIrbs'elakswgTSgGs'b®JçkKukTYlEs¬g˘˘˘ GgkarbJÇa[eFI√TaruNkmµy\"agF©n' rYceTIbsm¬ab'ecal˘˘˘ elakTSgBIrnak'dUcCaesaHGegIyKµanyl' KµandwgGI√TSgGs' .l. nig .l. ❑❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ? 5 CMBUkTI1‹ ehtudUcem†cVnCaVrSgcUlåbtƒm∏karJrExµr ?‹ yYnvatTIyknKrcam !‹ yYnvatTIykTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam !‹ ®by&t~kMBb'EtGug ! ehtdu cU emc† VnCaVrSgclU åbtmƒ k∏ arJrExrµ ? karEdleyIgelIkykerOgBIGtitkald*QWcukcab'CUrct'x¬H@ mkBN·-narlwk®tYs@ KWedIm∫IbMP¬Wkarvivt†n´_ n®bvti†saÂs†®beTskmı¨CaeyIg edIm∫I®Kan'CaBn¬Wdl'stism∫CJÔ:bgbÌËnExµrrYmQam®Kb'@rUb edIm∫IrMlwkbg˙ajnUvemeronx¬H@Edl®bvti†saÂs†VnF¬ab'sal' ®BmTSgmankarBiesaFnC_ ae®cInelIkrYcmkehIy . åTahrNE_ dlmanlk≈N:®twm®tUvenaH minx√HeLIy . yYnhaNUyCaXatkrsm¬ab'bMVt'BUCExµr, Cas®tUvsYrBUC´n®bCaCnExµr minEmnEtbcç¨b∫n~enHeT KWtSgBI300q~Sem\"¬H . yYnhaNUymanedImkMeNItenAtugkwg k~¨gstvtßTI10 . TI®kugFMKWhaNUy . VrSgehACatiyYnCMnan'enaHfa – tugKIn&r ( Tonkinois ) . rbrrksIurbs'yYntugkwg KWedIrQ¬anJn®beTsCitxag˘˘˘ eFI√ecarb¬n'®TB¥sm∫ti†rbs'eKmkciJçwmCIvit nigvatTIB®gIkTwkdIrbs'x¬Án˘˘˘. emIlcuH! k~¨gstvtßTI14 yYnQ¬anJncUlmktSgTIlMenAk~¨gext†xageCIg´nnKrcMV\" KWk~¨gext†k√anbij, k√ag®TI nigTUer\"n sB√´f©ehAdaNag .BIstvtßTI15dl'TI17 yYntugkwgcUlratt∫aty\"ag´®B´pßk~¨g®beTscamsm¬ab'bMVt'BUCcam dUec~HnKrcMV\"TSgmUl ®tUvyYnvatTIelbykTSgGs'BIeCIgrhUtdl't∫Ëg . nKrcMV\"k*®tUvrlayVt'eQµaHBIEpnTIBiPBelakk~¨gq~S1696 .

GgkarCanrNa ? 6 yYntugkwgE®beQµaHnKrcMV\"enHCa «GNˆam» EdlmanraCFanIeQµaH«eh√» . yYntugkwgvatTIcUllukluynKrcMV\" minTan'VnerobcMTIlMenAVn®sYlbYlpg˘˘˘vacab'epI†mrulsMrukvatTIcUlmkTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamCabn†@ BIe®JHvadwgfa CadITMnab®bkbedayCIrCati®Kb'Ebby\"ag sm∫ËrNe_ dayFnFanksikmµ ®sUv ®tI nigbEn¬®Kb'mux CatMbn'kMBg'Epsmu®T˘˘˘. enAcugstvtßTI17 ®bCaCnExµrkmı¨Cae®kammanEtbYnmWun®KYsareT KW®bEhlCa2Esnnak'b\"ueNˆaH rs'enAelI´pÊdITMhM67,700KILËEm\"®t®kLa . enAq~S1651 es†cExµreQ¬aHK~aBIerOgdeNI†mbl¬g˚raC¥ . es†cExµrd*qÁtm≈agenaH k*rt'eTAsMuCMnYyBIes†cyYneQµaH eg√øg-vUg . es†cyYnenHk*eq¬øt{kasvaykMeTces†cExµr Q¬anJnrMelaPcUlmktSgTIlMenA k~¨gGaNa-ext†Eb\"kxagekIt´nTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam k~¨gext†®BHsYK·a nigext†®BHcg√a . k~¨gq~S1696 GaNaext†´®BnKr®tUvF¬ak'eTAk~¨gkN†ab'´dyYneTot .luHmkdl'edImstvtßTI18 yYntugkwgvatTImkdl'Ten¬emKg rYcrulsMrukykext†Jm nigext†®kmYns . k~¨gq~S1731 varulsMrukykext†em-s nigext†L¨geha . k~¨gq~S1757 vavatTIykext†pßarEdk nigext†mat'®CUk .dUec~HGaNaext†k~¨gkmı¨Cae®kamTSgmUl ®tUvrebHm†gmYy@F¬ak'eTAk~¨gkN†ab'´dyYnCabn†bnÊab'luH®taEtCitGs'k~¨gq~S1765˘˘˘. enAsl'ext†®BH®tJMg, ext†®TSg nigext†e®CayTwkexµA . Cit100q~Se®kaymk ext†TSgbIenHk*F¬ak'k~¨gkN†ab'´dyYndac'e®scenAq~S1840 . k~¨gry:sÂgamyYnratt∫atlukluyvatTIkmı¨Cae®kamenH yYneFI√Taru-kmµExµrkmı¨Cae®kamsahavCagsahav dUcCakalBIq~S1815dl'1820 yYnekNÎExµrkmı¨Cae®kam®bmUlnSykeTAbg≈M[eFI√kary\"agF©n' TSg´f©TSgyb'TSgek†ATSgeP¬øg [CIkE®BkmYymanbeN†ay53K˘m˘ TTwg30Em\"®t CMerA2˘60Em\"®t cab'BIext†mat'®CUkecjeTAkan'mat'smu®TxageCIgTI®kugJm edIm∫IeFI√Cax&NήBMsImaEbgEckrvagkmı¨CakN†alnigkmı¨Cae®kam . E®BkCIkenaHeQµaH « E®Bkvijet » . eBlkMBugCIkE®BkenaH ebImanExµrNaeFI√karElgekIt yYncab'ExµrGP&B√TSgenaH m†g3nak'[CIkreN†Ax¬Án‰g rYccuHGg¨yk~¨greN†Akb'x¬Ánbnßl'Etk∫al eFI√CamumeCIg®kansMrab'dSEt[Gug . ePI¬genHek†Ax¬SgNas' bN†al[Exµrrge®KaHxMerIbMrHerk∫aleFI√[kMBb'Et . dUec~HeTIbmanJk¥mYyX¬aCaGnusßavrIyd_ *CUrct' rhUtTl'sB√

GgkarCanrNa ? 7´f©enHfa – « cUrkMueP¬c˘˘˘ ®by&t~kMBubEtGug ! » . cugq~S1820 eBlCIkE®BkvijetrYc yYnk*dak'ex~aHeCIgExµrCaG~kCIkE®BkTSgGs'siƒtenAkN†alE®Bk EdlmanCMerA2˘60Em\"®t rYcvaTm¬ayTMnb'Twksmu®T[hUrcUlE®BkvijetenaH . GnicçabgbÌËnExµreyIgEdlCab'cMNg®tUvlg'Twks¬ab'TSgGs' .l. nig .l. yYnvatTIyknKrcMV\"kI† ykkmı¨Cae®kamkI† ˘˘˘vavateTAdl'ext†Na TIkEn¬gNa vak*E®beQµaHCayYnP¬amEdr . ehtuEdlbN†al[yYnvatTIelbkmı¨Cae®kamVnedaygayy\"agenHmkBI – TI1- raÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kammankareF√s®bEhs BIe®JHExµrs¬Ët®tg' Tn'P¬n' suPaB mancit†sb∫¨rs manemt†aFm· eFI√buN¥dak'Tan˘˘˘ maneBlx¬HeXIjyYn®krehmrham edIrsMuTanKµanTIlMenA ExµrEtgEtdak'Tan CYyTMnukbMrugåbtƒm∏[sg'xÊmenAEk∫r@x¬Án . pʨyeTAvijsasny_ YnenH Casasn_Gkt†JÔË, kMNac, efakTab, ®kLic®kL¨c, LËLa CaecarlYctSgBICI s¬wk´®KemÊsCaedIm˘˘˘ j¨Sg[ExµrFuj®Tan'k*nS®KYsarfycakecjeVHbg'ecalkEn¬genaH eTAkan'TIkEn¬gepßgvij e®JHTwkdIenATUlMTUlay . TI2- kMhusd*F©n'CageK KWes†cekItvivaTc∫SgK~adeNI†mraCbl¬g˚ . es†c‰eNHrt'eTABwgyYn es†c‰eNaHrt'eTABwgesom . kaleNaH®beTskmı¨CaeyIgmanlk≈N:dUcCaEdk®Tnab'tUcmYy etIGac®T®Tg'Tb'Tl'nwgjjÁrFM@dl'eTA2Edr…eT ? BIe®JHm≈agCayYn ! m≈ageTotCaesom ! . BIe®JHEtmUlehtuenHehIy VnCak~¨grCÇkales†cGgdYg BIq~S1845dl'1859 eBl®BHGgeLIgesayraC¥ ®Tg'eQ√gyl'fa dl'eBlputBI®BHGgeTA ®beTskmı¨CamuxCa®tUvrge®KaHedaysaryYnnigesom BuHdIExµrEckK~aminxan . kaleNaH edaysarsem†cmIs ( Miche ) CaemKN:´nsasnakatUlik CaG~kCYyx~HEx~gnigåbtƒm∏˘˘˘ ®BHVTGgdYgk*sMercesI~sMuedaysm©at'[®beTsVrSgCYyTMnukbMrugkarJr . k~¨gExviciœka1853 ®BHGgVnbJÇËnG~kmanbN†as&ki†xagsasnakatU-lik2nak'KW elakkuy-dWm\"ugetr\"U nigelakEb\"n eFI√dMeNIreTACYbkugsflulVrSg®bcS®kugswg˙bUrI sMuCYybJÇËnsarlixitrbs'®BHGg CaPasaVrSgsr-esredaysem†cmIs eTAf√ayes†cNab\"UeLGugTI3´n®beTsVrSg .

GgkarCanrNa ? 8 Gs'ry:eBlBIrq~S KWrhUtdl'q~S1855 eTIb®BHecANab\"UeLGugTI3cat'elak dWm\"ugTIjI EdlCardΩmÂnI†TTYlebskkmµenA®beTsesomnig®beTscin [erobcat'EcgeFI√sniÏsJÔasmı&nÏPaBnigJNiCÇkmµCamYy®BHGgdYg .®BHVTnerat†m EdlCa®BHraCbu®trbs'®BHGgdYg yagecjmkBIVgkkrYceLIgesayraC¥bn†k~¨gq~S1859 . ´f©TI11sIha1863 k*mankarcuHhtƒelxa®Bme®BogK~arvagVrSgnigExµr « GnuJÔat[VrSgcUlmkCYykarJråbtƒm∏TMnukbMrug » . bnÊab'BIeBlenaHmk˘˘˘ reboberobcM®sukeTstamEbbsm&yTMenIb Vn®tUv®BHVTnera-t†m TTYlykmkGnuvt†TSg®sug . dUec~H cab'tSgBIVrSgcUlmkCYykarJråbtƒm∏TMnukbMrug BIq~S1863dl'q~S1953 k~¨gry:eBl90q~S nSmk[®bCaBlrdΩExµrnig®beTskmı¨CanUvsN†ab'F~ab' reboberobry sMbUrsb∫ay rugerOg nigsni†PaB « KWdUcCaÂh√SgTiB√mYy Tb'yYnnigesom pÌakratt∫atlukluy®beTsExµr » . karrYmrs'CamYyK~a rvagVrSgnigExµr k~¨gry:eBl90q~SenH minmanå-b∫ti†ehtuGI√ekIteLIgCaFMdMueT . k~¨g®bvti†saÂs† eKGackk'®taCab'CanicçfaCamit†d*lÌeTAvijeTAmk . ❑❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ? 9 CMBUkTI2‹ yYncab'epI†mrukran®beTsCitxag !‹ hU-CImijbegI˚tbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin !‹ yYnbegI˚tBYkevotmij nigbegI˚tExµrevotmij !‹ sni~siThßWENvbJçb'sÂgam≤NÎËcin !‹ yYncg'BuH®beTsExµrCaBIrcMENk !‹ yYnhaNUybegI˚tevotkug ! yYncab'epI†mvayluk®beTsCitxag VrSg®Kb'®Kg≤NÎËcin dUcCaÂh√SgTiB√Tb'yYn min[edIrQ¬anJn®beTsCitxagGs'ry:eBl65q~S . ®sab'EtenAq~S1925˘˘˘ manyYnm~ak'eQµaH eg√øg-GayKYk E®beQµaHCahU-CImij cab'epI†mbegI˚t «bdivt†ne_ votNam» . luHdl'q~S1929, hU-CImijk*´q~®bDit[eTACa « bkßkumµ¨ynis†evotNam » . hU-CImijduHKMnitelaPln' cg'vaTTIykTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam, kmı¨CakN†al niglav . KWedaysarmUlehtuenHehIy eTIbvabegI˚t « bkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin » enA´f©TI3 kum∏: q~S1930 . edIm∫IsMralbnʨkrbs'va va®tUvEtj¨Hjg'[ExµrEbkVk'K~a rYcehIyxIç´dExµrc∫SgCamYyExµr . dUec~H k~¨gq~S1935˘˘˘ hU-CImijsMuCYbelaksWg-g\"ukfaj' . vaniyayTn'P¬n'bbYlelak, sMuelakrYbrYmeFI√karCamYyyYn edIm∫IbegI˚tclnatsflUrM-edaH≤NÎËcinBInwmVrSg . elaksWg-g\"ukfaj'CaExµre®kam, elaksal'c∫as'nUvkll∫ic®kLic®kL¨ck*®kx√k'rbs'yYn EdlEtgEtmanCabÂJças'Ca

GgkarCanrNa ? 10beN†ay˘˘˘˘. eBlenaHelakeqI¬yy\"agxI¬fa erOgyYn®tUvyYnedaH®sayedayx¬Án‰gcuH˘˘˘ cMENkerOgExµr®tUvTuk[ExµredaH®sayedayx¬Án‰g˘˘˘. enA´f©TI9 mina q~S1945, Cb\"uncUllukluyåbTI√b≤NÎËcinmYyry: .hU-CImijeq¬øtyk{kasd*lÌenH ®bkasevotNam‰kraC¥enAExkJÔa q~S1945˘˘˘ rYcbegI˚t « rNsirßevotNam‰kraC¥smı&nÏPaB » ehAkat'fa « evotmij». hU-CImijcab'epI†mbeJçjskmµPaBCalMdab'lMeday eKalbMNgTI1manerobcMe®KagkarNT_ ukCae®sc . ebIeBlNaVrSg®tUvcaj' ®tUvfyecjBI≤NÎËcin yYn®tUvEtvatTIykTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam[VnP¬amCaelIkTI2˘˘˘. dUec~Hcab'BIq~S1945, yYnhaNUyj¨Hjg'xIç´dyYnxagt∫Ëg [elatsm¬ab'kMcayraÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam CaBiessBYkG~kecHdwg j¨Sg[x¬ac k*nS®KYsarrt'ecal®sukecalTwkdITuk[va . vae®bIsÂgamek†A . hU-CImij´llkQanmYyCMhanm†g@ kMeTcExµrmYyEp~km†g@ tamKMeragkarNr_ bs'vaEdlman®JgTukmkCae®sc . emIlcuH ! enA®beTskmı¨CakN†al yYncat'kare®bIsÂgam®tCak'˘˘˘ dU-ec~Hk~¨gExkJÔaq~S1945dEdl hU-CImijEbrCabJÇËn «bUdUy» cUlmkkan'®beTskmı¨Ca edayykelsfa yYnsµ&®Kcit†cUlmkCYyExµredjVrSg .bUdUycab'tSgmUldΩanenAext†nanadUcCa mNÊlKIrI, rtnKIrI, ekaHkug, esom-rab, Vt'dMbg nigtMbn'nirtITis . kaleNaHbUdUysiƒtenAk~¨g´®Be®CAvacab'epI†mTak'Tg®kumecar´®B, Tak'TgraÂs†Exµr®k@enAtamCnbT nigTI®bCMuCn´®BP~Mq©aydac'®syal . vaniyayTn'P¬n'EpÌmEl˙m . vaxMeXasnaku-hkfa bUdUysµ&®Kcit†cUlmks¬ab'CamYyExµr edIm∫IvayedjVrSg . va´leFI√kar®sb@CamYy®kumExµr≤sßr: EdlkMBug®bqSgtTl'cMeJHVrSg edIm∫ITamTar‰kraC¥CUn®beTskmı¨Ca . eq¬øteBlenaHvabJÇËncarkicçrbs'va®Kb'FuncUlkan'®beTskmı¨Ca . ®kumcarkicçenaHxMeronsU®t [sal'®Kb'®Cuge®CayPUmiyuTÏsaÂs† . sal'c∫as'EpnTI´®B®Bwkßak~¨g®beTsExµr . Ep~kcit†saÂs† vaxMeronsU®t[sal'critcit†KMnit nigcMNucexßayrbs'®bCaBlrdΩExµr cab'tSgBIG~k®suk´®BP~M G~kE®scMkarCnbT emTahan namWunExµr rhUtdl'namWunk~¨gvSg .l. vaxMdk®sg'karBiesaFnn_ ana . vatSgx¬ÁnlÌNas' sUm∫IEtCIs¬wk´®K emÊsrbs'Exµr k*vaminb\"HJl'eLIy .

GgkarCanrNa ? 11 enAeBlenaHhU-CImijeq¬q¬arkemdwknSExµr ®sab'Etvadwgfa enA´f©TI16/10/45 VrSgcab'x¬ÁnelaksWg-g\"ukfaj' nSykeTAdak'KukenAEx®tB&reT¥r(Poitier) ®sukVrSg . hU-CImijk*sMrSge®CIserIsVnyYnm~ak'eQµaH eg√øgva\"n'emon ehAGacar¥emon EdlbYsCaelaksgÙExµr VneronsU®trebobrbb TMenomTMlab'Exµry\"age®CA®CH GaclYcbn¬MeFI√CaExµr . dUec~HhU-CImijsMercdak'eQµaHyYnenaHfa « sWg-g\"ukmij » rYcpßayPrbEnƒmfa CabÌËn®busbegI˚trbs'elaksWg-g\"ukfaj' . enAExemsaq~S1950 hU-CImijcat'bJÇËn[Gacar¥emon E®beQµaHCasWg-g\"ukmij . vacat'EtgtSgCae®scCa®bFanrdΩaPiVlExµrtsflU TTYlbnʨkCanaykrdΩmÂnI† » [cUlkan'®beTsExµr cab'´drYbrYmCamYyGacar¥sux E®beQµaHCaTU-samut ( EdlhU-CImijcat'EtgtSgCa®bFanrN:sirßCati‰kPaBrYcehIy ) . dUec~HsWg-g\"ukmijnigTU-samutcab'epI†mGnuvt†eX¬agX¬a «bMEbkbMVk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg» . vacab'epI†mj¨Hjg'Bn¥l'®kumecar´®B, raÂs†ExµrEdl®kl©g'enAtamCnbT, ®bCaCn´®BP~Mdac'®syal tamcMNucexßaynana CaBiessvaEvkEjknUverOgvNˆ: j¨Sg[gakerecjBI®kumExµr≤sßr:, [gakerQb'eKarBrdΩaPiVlrbs'x¬Án . CMruj[ExµrEbkVk'K~a rYcbg˚begI˚tCasÂgameFI√[Exµrc∫SgK~a . m\"¥agvijeTot ExµrFunenaHyl'®cLMy\"agF©n'faswg-g\"ukmijCabÌËnbegI˚trbs'elaksWg-g\"ukfaj'˘˘˘ ®besIrNas'@ ! . luHhU-CImijTTYlesckI†raykarNB_ IsWg-g\"ukmijdwgfa raÂs†Exµrf~ak'TabF¬ak'cUlk~¨gGnÊak'rbs'vaehIy hU-CImijk*cab'ebIkGg®bCMubkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcinCaelIkTI2 cab'tSgBI´f©TI11/2/51 dl'´f©TI19/2/51 . TIbJçb'k*bMEbkbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcinCabkßsaxabIKW – yYn, Exµr, lavdac'@BIK~a . - xagyYn, Gg®bCMusMercdak'eQµaHP¬amKW « bkßBlkrevotNam » Edlk¬aymkCa «bkßkumµ¨ynis†evotNam» k~¨gbcç¨b∫n~enH . ‹ cMENkxagExµr vabegI˚t – k)- kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdivt†n‰_ kPaBrbs'kmı¨Ca Edlcab'bdisniÏeLIgkalBI´f©TI19/6/51 EdlhU-CImijcat'tSgTU-samutCaembJÇakar .q~S1963 TU-samut®tUveKsm¬ab'˘˘˘ hU-CImijcat'tSgsaL¨t-sr …b\"ul-Bty\"agsm©at'bMput [eLIgeFI√CaemT&BCMnYs . cab'BIq~S1970dl'1975 kgT&BenHE®beQµaHfa « kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFes~haCatikmı¨Ca » EdlmanGnu®bFanembJÇakarCan'xıs' KW®bBnÏrbs'

GgkarCanrNa ? 12b\"ul-BteQµaH exov-b\"uNˆarI . k~¨grbbrbs'Ggkar kgkm¬SgenHbn¬Me®bIyI-ehaExµr®khm « ®kumnirtI » . k~¨grbbExµrGay\"gyYn˘˘˘ ®kumehgsMrin-hflunEsnE®beQµaHCa «kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdivt†nk_ mı¨Ca» . x)- « bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr » cab'bdisnIÏeLIgenA´f©TI28/6/51 EdkhU-CImijcat'tSgsWg-g\"ukmijCa®bFan . k~¨grbbrbs'Ggkar BIq~S1976dl'q~S1978 Ggkarcat'EtgtSgsmaCikrbs'bkßenH [eFI√Ca®bFanshkrN,_ CaKN:tMbn', CatMNagraÂs† .kaleNaHExµrsal'®twmEtKN:tMbn'b\"ueNˆaH . luHmkdl'rbbExµrGay\"gyYn˘˘˘ bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr E®beQµaHCa « bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nk_ mı¨Ca ».yYhaNUycat'tSgehg-sMrin CaGKelxaKNkmµaFikarmCŒwmbkß . cM-ENk‰mit†@dUcCa hflun-Esn, Ca-swum, Ca-suTÏ CaedIm˘˘˘ yYnhaNUycat'EtgtSgCasmaCikkariyal&yneyaVymCŒwmbkß . bcç¨b∫n~enH « bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nk_ mı¨Ca » E®beQµaHfa « bkß®bCaCnkmı¨Ca » EdlmanCa-swumCa®bFan . enHCa®bvti†ExµrGay\"gyYn EdlExµreyIgEtgEtehAfa « Exµrevotmij »tSgBIExmifuna1951enaHmk . enA´f©TI22/3/55 eTIbbkß®bCaCnbdivt†nl_ avekIteLIg . eTaHbIbegI˚tbkßsaxabIdac'edayELkBIK~ay\"agenHk*eday k*enAEtman®bPBrYmEtmYyKWbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcindEdl . mann&yfa – bkßExµr lav ®tUvEteKarBeFI√tambJÇarbs'hU-CImijdEdl . dMNak'karCadMbUgrbs'bkßsaxaTSgbIKW®tUvEtkMeTcski†PUmi nigc®kBti† . k~¨gExminaq~S1952 hU-CImijdwgfaelaksWg-g\"ukfaj'vil®tLb'mkBI®beTsVrSgvijehIy rYcelakrt'cUl´®Bcab'´drYbrYmCamYy®kumExµr≤sßr: edIm∫IkMeTcedjVrSgteTAeTot . hU-CImijeq¬q¬acat'EcgbJÇËntMNagbYnnak' KWExµr2nak' yYn2nak' eTAkan'PUmiGUrsµac' sMuCYbelaksWg-g\"ukfaj' . elaksWg-g\"ukfaj'GnuJÔat[EtExµr2nak'cUlCYbCamYyelak . eBlenaHExµrtMNagrbs'hU-CImij esI~rsMutamsMeNIrbs'hU-CImijdUcteTA – x1- sMubJÇËnbUdUybEnƒmcUlkan'®sukExµr edIm∫ICYyc∫SgedjVrSg[ecjBI®sukExµr . x2- sMu[ExµrCYyp†l'es∫øgGahar dl'bUdUyenA®sukyYn . x3- sMusiTiÏ[bUdUyedIr®tYt®tacuHeLIgtambeN†ay®BMEdnExµr-yYneda

GgkarCanrNa ? 13yesrI . eBlenaHelaksWg-g\"ukfaj'bdiesFsMeNIenH ®BmTSgeq¬øt{kasenaH xMBn¥l'ExµrevotmijTSg2nak' [yl'nUvKMeragkarNd_ *®kx√k'rbs'yYnhaNUy EdlvaecHe®bIkll∫ic manCabÂJças'manCabeN†ayCanic碢˘ cUrkMuTukcit†[esaH . elakbJÇak'fa ®bCaBlrdΩExµrsuPaBs©b'es©øm s¬ËtbUtsucrit ®sLaj'esrIPaB 90%kan'®BHBuTÏsasna . eyIgminGacelatkeÂJÇaldUcP~MePI¬g e®bIFm·ek†AdUcyYndUcyYnevotmijVneLIy . dIFI¬®beT-sExµreyIgmanCIrCatilÌFMTUlayNas' sMrab'begI˚npl . eyIgeFI√E®sEtm†gmYyq~S rYceyIgsMrak5-6Exy\"ag®sYl . cMENk´®BeQId*mant´m¬ mandl'eTA 73% ´ndIFI¬TSgGs' . Ten¬sab Ten¬emKg p†l'®tIVn®Kb'®Kan' .®keLkemIleTAt∫Ëgd*mant´m¬vij eyIgmany\"age®cIn˘˘˘.l. dUec~HeyIg®Kan'EtrYbrYmK~abMVt'QµÁjkN†al bMVt'sMNUksUkV\"n'eyIgGacedaH®saybJ˙aCIvPaBksikrExµrVny\"aggay .l. nig .l.ExµrTSg2nak'enaHvil®tLb'eTACYbva . hU-CImijecjbJÇa[eKsm¬ab'G~kTSgBIrenaHecal edIm∫IecosvagkMu[EbkkarNr_ bs'va . sÂgam57´f©pʨHeLIgy\"agx¬Sgk¬aenAeDonebonPU . kgT&BVrSgnigbUdUyB&TÏvayK~ay\"ags√itKWsIusac'hutQamK~a . Tin~anub∫vti†VrSgmYyeQµaH HISTORAMA Vnpßa-yfa enAeBlenaHkgT&BVrSgmans¬ab'nigVt'x¬ÁncMnYnCap¬Ëvkar ®VMmWun®VMBIrJn'®VMbYnryekAsib®VMbInak' (57,998nak') . eTIbBiPBelakebIksni~-siTmYyenA®kughßWENv cab'BIExemsaq~S1954 edIm∫IcrcabJçb'sÂgamenAe®CayåbTI√b≤NÎËcin . dUec~Hsni~siTenHVnsMercenA´f©TI20/7/54 ®tUvbJçb'sÂgamenAelIe®CayåbT√Ib≤NÎËcin EfmTSgyl'®Bm[®beTskmı¨Ca, yYn, lav‰kraC¥bJÇak'bEnƒmeTotfa T&BbreTsTSgGs'®tUvdkfyecj[Gs'BI®beTsTSgbIenaHCadac'xat . b\"uEn†GP&B√ExµreyIg˘˘˘ eyIg®tUvVt'bg'TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamCaelIkTI2 . ®tUvVt'bg'®bCaCncMnYn4lannak', ®tUvlHbg'vt†cMnYn556 Edlman®BHsgÙCaCatiExµr kan'®BHBuTÏsasnay\"agxÇab'xÇÁncMnYn2mWun5Jn'Gg . ( erOgExµreyIg®tUvVt'bg'TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamenH, VrSgdUcCaKµankMhuseT e®JHkaleNaH ebIVrSg®bKl'TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam[Exµr eKGacsµanVnfa muxCadUcs√aVnEp¬dUgehIy ! ) . KYr[s†ayNas'˘˘˘ TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamsiƒtenAe®kam

GgkarCanrNa ? 14GaNaniKmVrSgGs'ry:eBlcMnYn90q~S . raCkarExµresaHGegIy KµanKMeragkarrMedaHTal'EtesaH ! . pʨyeTAvij yYnmanEpnkare®KagTukCae®sctSgBIq~S1945 edIm∫I®Kb'®KgnKrkmı¨Cae®kam . emIlcuH ! VrSg®b-Kl'TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam[vaP¬am˘˘˘ vamankgT&BEdlmankarBiesaFnd_ *®Kb'®Kan'˘˘˘ vamannamWunecHdwge®CA®CH˘˘˘ vamanG~kbecçkeTsd*®twm®tUv nSykmkdak'®Kb'@®ksYg, ®Kb'@Ep~kP¬am@ .l. VrSgVn®bKl'‰kraC¥[®beTskmı¨CatSgBI´f©TI9viciœka1953 . yYnevotmijcg'BuH®beTskmı¨CaCaBIr˘˘˘ dUec~Heq¬øteBlEdlbUdUytSgmUldΩanenAJseBj®sukExµry\"agenH vaEbrCabJÇa[bUdUylYcvaykMeTckgexmrPUminÊenA®suk´b\"lin, ®kecH, E®seCs, vWun´s CaedIm k~¨gExemsaq~S1954 .eBlenaHkgT&BCatieyIgvaytbeTAvij bN†ay[bUdUy®tUvs¬ab'tayehagecalexµacJseBj´®B . emIlcuHbgbÌËnExµreGIy ! kgT&BExµreyIgminEmnGn'‰Na ! . k~¨gq~S1954, bUdUymankm¬SgT&BnigmanGavuFd*x¬Sgk¬a, vaGacdeNI†mykC&yCMnHBIVrSgenAedonebonPU k*b\"uEn†va®tUvbraC&yKYr[Gam\"as'enAcMeJHmuxkgexmrPUminÊ . luH®tUvbraC&yy\"agenH eTIbvayl'fa ebIe®bIEtGavuFnigkm¬SgVyeFI√sÂgamCamYyExµr vaminGacykC&yCMnHBIExµrVneLIy . e®JH®bCaCnExµrrwgbwugs√its√ajBUEkGt'®TSnUvkarlMVk®Kb'Ebby\"ag . emIlcuHExµrm~ak'GacTb'Tl'nwgyYn5nak'Vny\"aggay . bn†sÂgamteTAeTotminekIteT®tUvEtdkfyrkåVyklepßg . yYnsal'critnigcMNucexßayrbs'emdwknS®beTsExµr KWcUlcit†sIueCar, cUlcit†[eKbeJÇar, [eKbeJIçcbeJIçrreNbreNIb˘˘˘ ‰gPrGjk*PreTAcuH [Et®tUvcit†Gj ! [EtGjl∫IeQµaH(eLIgbuN¥s&ki†) man®beyaCnd_ l'®KYsarGj .l. dUec~HyYnhaNUy®tUvEtbEnƒmGavuFcit†saÂs† nigkll∫icEfmeTot rYcehIyvak*cab'epI†mGnuvt†eX¬agX¬a « bMEbkbMVk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg » . yYnevotmijkMBugs¬n'es¬arkåVykl ®sab'Etvadwgfasni~siTenATI®kughßWENvsMercbJŒb'sÂgamenAåbTI√b≤NÎËcin . {kaslÌmkdl'y\"agenH, enA´f©TI6/8/54, yYnhaNUyecjbJÇa[ecjBI´®BtMerobCYreLIgLanTSgmuxjjwm rYcelIk´dbk'rvic@ «sMulabgbÌËnExµr» vil®tLb'eTAkan'®beTsevotNamvij . vaE®skehflarkeÂJÇøvsb∫ayrIkray jjwmmann&-yCagExµrmças'®sukeTAeTot .

GgkarCanrNa ? 15 cab'tSgBIExkJÔa1954rhUtbn†bnÊab'mk bUdUylblYccUlmkkan'®beTsExµr . vaedIrefIµreCIgs©at'e®cob . pʨyeTAvij enA´f©TI6/8/54 bUdUy®tUvdkfyecjBI®sukExµr ®sab'EtbUdUytMerobCYrK~aeLIgLan y\"agK®KwkK-e®Kg eFI√[epIÌldl'BiPBelaknig®bCaCnExµr . enHCakll∫icfiınEP~kd*®bsb'Gsçar¥ . vabg˙aj[eXIjpÊal'EP~kCak'Es†gfa eBlVrSgfyecjBI®beTsExµr bUdUyk*dkfyecjEdr . dUec~HExµrEdlminVnBicarNa k*yl'®cLMy\"agF©n'fa – bUdUysµ&®Kcit†cUlmks¬ab'CYyExµrEmn e®JHbgbÌËnExµreyIgsµanyl'tamEtkaremIleXIjb\"ueNˆaH . KWbuB√ehtuEdlVnerobrab'mkenHehIy VnCaExµrGay\"gyYnehg-sMrin, hflun-Esn, Ca-swumsni~dΩanfa yYncUlmkCYyExµrCaelIkTI1 . cMENkyYnevotmijEdlVnsMerceCaKC&yd*FMeFg nUvEpnkarTI1enHehIy dUec~HvaGacelbTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam EdlCaEpnkarTI2rbs'vaVny\"aggay . ena‰kmı¨CakN†al‰eNHvij vabegI˚tVnCaExßry:bg˚b'TukCae®sc mansmaCikExµrevotmijTSgGs'cMnYn®VMJn'nak' p†Ërp†ac'y\"agsÌitrmYtbMerIva . eBlbUdUydkT&BecjBI®beTsExµr vasMrSge®CIserIsk~¨gcMeNamsmaCikTSgenaHcMnYnmYyJn'nak' nSykeTACamYy . cMENkbYnJn'nak'eTot va[rMsayCYrsm©Mk~¨gTIggit sMrab'TukeFI√Exßry:rg'cS{kaslÌvil®tLb'mkvij . KµannrNam~ak'cUlsMusarPaBbMerIraCkarExµreT . cMENk‰®kumExµr≤sßr:˘˘˘ cab'tSgBI®sukExµrVn‰kraC¥ k*sµ&®Kcit†cUlmksMusarPaBrYbrYmbMerICatiTSgGs' . k~¨gry:eBl9q~SEdlbUdUytSgmUldΩanenAk~¨g®sukExµr yYnhaNUyCaevotmijxMeronsU®tsal'®Kb'®Cuge®CayPUmiyuTÏsaÂs†´®B®BwkßaenAk~¨g®sukExµr . sal'TIkEn¬gt∫Ëgmant´m¬ CaBiessvaeq¬øtdwknSGavuFcUlykmkkb'lak'Tukk~¨g´®B®sukExµry\"age®cIn . åTahrNe_ nAPUmisMLËtext†Vt'dMbg manbIryedIm . emFM@BIrnak' EdlEfrkßaGavuFTSgenaHeQµaH mUl-sm∫it† ehAtaEb\"t nigrs'-jwm ehAtaekA . yYnVn®tYt®ta®beTsbIKW tugkwg, GNˆam nigkmı¨Cae®kam . vahflanrMelaPc∫ab'Gn†rCati, rMelaPsiTiÏmnusß, vahflanecjc∫ab'[Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamcMnYn4lannak'kan'katyYn . kaleNaH®BHsgÙkmı¨Cae®kameFI√Vtukmµy\"agx¬Sgk¬a ®bqSgnwgGMeBI´®B´pßrMelaPsiTiÏmnusßenH . edIm∫IbMVt'dan®bvti†saÂs†nigPUmisaÂs†rbs'Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam yYnVn

GgkarCanrNa ? 16p¬as'eQµaHPUmi XMu ®suk nigext†exÊcxIÊGs' rYcvaEfmTSgp¬as'eQµaHnKrTSgbIenaHeTACa «evotNam» eTotpg . vaVnBuHCaBIr edayykExßbnÊat'®sbTI17 Ca®BM®bTl' KWevotNamxageCIgCakumµ¨ynis† cat'EtgtSghU-CImijCa®bFan nigevotNamxagt∫ËgCaesrIcat'tSgeg\"a-Dineyom Ca®bFanaFibtI . eKGac®bdUckarGnuvt†nE_ pnkarrbs'yYnrebobenH eTAnwgkare®CIserI-s®tIr\"s' EdlenArs'®ss'lÌk~¨g®kLmYy, ®tIr\"s's¬ab's̨y KWBYkyYnBukrlYyesrIniym BYkecar´®Bxagt∫ËgenAk~¨g®kLmYyepßgeTotCae®scedIm∫IgayGnuvt†EpnkarTI2CabnÊan' . edIm∫IecosvagkMu[xusc∫ab'Gn†rCati EdlmanEcgk~¨gsniÏsJÔa´nsni~siTenA®kughßWENvExkk˚daq~S1954 EdlyYnhaNUyCaevotmij VncuHhtƒelxaTTYlyl'®BmCamYy sn¥afaQb'edIrQ¬anJn®beTsCitxagenaH˘˘˘ dUec~Hk~¨gq~S1958, yYnhaNUy´q~®bDitCaevotkugvij rYccat'EtgtSg « eg√øg-hflUfU » Ca®bFan . b\"uEn†®tUvEts†ab' ®tUvEteKarBtambJÇahU-CImijdEdl . « evotkugkMBugeq¬q¬arkels ! » . k~¨gq~S1963, eq¬øteBlEdlbJÔv&n†ExµrrjI¨r´j\"rt'cUl´®B, eq¬øteBlEdlsem†csIhnuTat'ecalCMnYyGaemrikSgenA´f©TI10viciœka1963 {kaslÌmkdl'y\"agenH yYnhaNUyCaGtitevotmij nigCabcç¨b∫n~evotkugk*cab'epI†mGnuvt†KMeragkarTI2P¬am . vacab'epI†mTak'Tgsem†csIhnu rYcvabJÇËnbUdUyvil®tLb'cUlmkkan'®beTskmı¨Ca, cab'epI†mtSgmUldΩanT&BkEn¬gcas'dEdleLIgvij . vaykelssMudItSgmUldΩanT&B edIm∫IkMeTcGaemrikSgrMedaHTwkdIevotNamxagt∫Ëg . enHehIyCax¬acas'cUlmkkan'silenAvt†dEdlvij . vabiun®bsb'eFI√ÚkTn'P¬n' sUkV\"n'namWunExµrEdlTTYlxus®tUvk~¨gvSg rhUtdl'®KYsarrbs'sem†csIhnu .l. k~¨gq~S1965 evotNamxagt∫ËgVnTTYlGn†raKmnB_ IkgT&BGaemrikSg®Kb'@Ep~kmancMnYn2Esnnak' . eq¬øt{kasenaHyYnhaNUyCaevotkugk*bJÇËnbUdUymkkan'®beTsExµrEdr edIm∫I[mancMnYnesIµK~a . vaykelsdEdl@fa – « sMudIs~ak'enAedIm∫IkMeTckgT&BGaemrikSgrMedaHTwkdIevotNamxagt∫Ëg » . eq¬øteBlenaH vabJÇËn®kumcit†saÂs† cUlmk®beTsExµry\"age®cIn .®kumenHcab'epI†meFI√skmµPaBTak'TgrwtcMNgmit†PaB rvagsmaCikbkß®b-

GgkarCanrNa ? 17CaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr KWBYkGtitExµrevotmij EdlhU-CImijbJÇa[sWg-g\"ukmijbegI˚tBIq~S1951 rYcbg˚b'lak'x¬ÁnTukk~¨g®sukmancMnYn4Jn'nak'enaHeLIgvij . CaBiessvacab'epI†mB®gwgB®gIkkgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdivt†n‰_ kPaBrbs'kmı¨Ca (GtitExµrevotmij) [rwgmS . vasMrSgCMerIsEtyuvCnExµrEdl®KYsar®tUvrge®KaH bN†almkBIGMeBIGyuti†Fm·NamYy BIs~a´dnamWunraCkarCiHCan' rYcvaj¨Hjg'cak'cuctamcMNucexßaynanaenaH[duHcit†®tUvEtsgswk˘˘˘ rYceTIbvabJçËlk~¨gGgPaBeyaFa .l. ❑❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ? 18 CBM UkTI3‹ ehtudUcem†cVnman®Bwti†karN1_ 8mina1970 ?‹ karbegI˚traCrdΩaPiVle®sac®sg'Cati !‹ sem†csIhnurt'ecal®suk !‹ elakln'-nl'cat'tMNageTACYbsem†csIhnu ! ehtudUcem†cVnman®Bwti†karN1_ 8mina1970 ? elakln'-nl'CardΩmÂnI†nigCanayGKembJÇakarkgT&BCati . tMENgenH elakF¬ab'kan'kab'rhUtmkdl'q~S1967 . cab'tSgBIq~S1969 elaksMudkx¬ÁnfyecjBImuxdMENgTSgGs' KWelakmanbMNgf√aysem†csIhnuceJçjfI√®BHhtƒcuH . m\"¥ageTotelakkMBugmankg√l' edaysarmrNPaBfIµ@rbs'elak®sIexg EdlCaPriyad*kMst'k®mrbs'elak . eBlenaH sem†csIhnukMBugbÂg˚abBYkeq√gpg BYks†Spg j¨Sg[esdΩkicçcuHdundab bEnƒmelI≤TiÏBlsÂgamenA®beTsevotNam kMBugCHmkelICay\"agx¬Sg nigbJ˙alMnwgneyaVy lMnwgmenaKmviCÇa ®tUvecaTy\"agF©n'k~¨g®beTsExµr . mUlehtuenH˘˘˘ k~¨gq~S1969 sem†c®Tg'TTYlsal'braC&y´nneyaVyxagEp~kesdΩkicç nigkMhusEdlyl'®Bm[evotkugtSgmUldΩanbUdUyk~¨gTwkdIExµr . enAeBlenaH vakMBugbJÇËnbUdUy bJÇËnGavuFcU-lmke®cIneLIg@dUcTwkVk'TMnb' ( kaleNaHevotkugkan'kab'TwkdIExµrGs'cMnYnBIrPaKbI 2/3 eTAehIy ) . vaeq¬øtB®gwgB®gIkkgkm¬SgGtitExµrevot-mijeLIgvij .l. dUec~HExsIha1969˘˘˘ sem†c®Tg'ebIksmaCBiessmYy rYcsMerccat'tSgelakln'-nl' CaemdwknS « rdΩaPiVle®sac®sg'Cati » . kaleNaHmrtkkmı¨Ca EdleJreBjeTAedayvibti† k*®tUvF¬ak'eTAelIsµaelakln'-nl'TSg®sug .

GgkarCanrNa ? 19 elakx√l'Esnx√l'e®JHelakyl'fa – ‹ ebIGaemrikSgdkfyecjBIyYnxagt∫Ëg etIraCkarExµredjbUdUy[fyecjBI®sukExµrrebobdUcem†ceTA ? eFI√karcrca®Vb'va[dkfyecj ?vac∫as'CaeqI¬yfa eT ! . eyIge®bIGavuF ? kgexmrPUminÊmanEt2mWun7Jn'nak' ? . ebIsinCa®beTsevotNamxageCIgrYmK~aCamYyevotNamxagt∫Ëgvij®beTsenHnwgk¬ayeTACa®beTsmYyy\"agmSxagEp~ksÂgam e®JHrbrrksIurbs'vaKWeFI√sÂgam . vaeFI√sÂgambn†@CamYybreTs nigCamYyBYkyYnK~avaKµan®sak®san† . teTAGnaKt vamuxCaeq¬øtbn†sÂgam edIm∫IB®gIkTwkdIrbs'vabEnƒmeTot . e®JH®beTsevotNammanTMhM®kLa´pÊcMnYn330,000Km2 KWFMCag®sukExµrCitdl'eTA2dg . mancm©ayBIxageCIgeTAxagt∫Ëg ®bEvg2,000K˘m˘ . k~¨gq~S1969 evotNamTSgBIrman®bCaCncMnYn38lannak' ( 20lannak'enAxageCIg nig18lannak'enAxagt∫Ëg ) . ®beTsevotNamsM-bUreTAeday´®BP~M≤t®beyaCn®_ KbdN†b' . 80%´n´pÊ®kLaTSgmUl (260,000Km2)˘˘˘ enAsl'Et20% KW66,000Km2b\"ueNˆaH EdlCadIGacrs'enAVn . sƒanPaB®bCaCnyYnmancMnYn 600nak'k~¨g´pÊdI1Km2 . ®bCaCnevotNammany\"age®cIn enAelI´pÊdId*cegÌøtcgÌl'EbbenH nwgGacbN†al[eTACaTm©n'mYyd*F©n'≤tKNnadl'®beTskmı¨Ca Edlman®BM®bTl'Cab'K~a e®JHeyIgminGacbwTVMg®BM®bTl'®beTsTSgBIr EdlKµanrVMgFmµCatiCYykarJr[man®bsiTiÏPaBVneT . sB√´f©enH yYnecHEtvatTI cUlmktSgenAelIdIExµrEdlTMenrCahUrEhr . k~¨gq~S1969 yYncUlmktSgTIlMenAtamc∫ab'mancMnYn50mWunnak' k~¨gcMeNamExµrEdlCamças'TwkdIcMnYn7lannak' .ebIsB√´f©bUdUynigraÂs†yYnkMBuglblYccUlbn†mkeTotenaH dUec~HExµreyIgBiVksni~dΩanNas'cMeJHplviVkEp~kxagesdΩkicç nigneyaVy Edl®beTsExµrnwg®tUvTTYlrge®KaHenAeBlGnaKtxagmuxCaBiessGNikCnCatiyYnmancMNgxagp¬Ëvcit† nigneyaVyCamYymatu®beTsedImrbs'vaCanicç . elakyl'eTotfa – karrYmK~aeLIgvij´n®beTsyYn Camhn†ray≤tGI√®bEkkVn cMeJHP&B√vasna´n®beTskmı¨Ca . sÂgammuxEtnwgpʨHrvagExµrnigyYn mingayecosvagputeLIy .

GgkarCanrNa ? 20 elakln'-nl'hflanGHGagTTYlsal'fa CnCatiyYnedaymansÂgamCab'@mkdUec~H j¨Sg[vamancritrwgbwug ecHGt'Fµt'nUvkarlMVk®Kb'Ebby\"ag . rI‰xageyaFa vamanzamBld*x¬SgBUEk mankarBiesaFnd_ *®twm®tUvk~¨gP~k'ePI¬gsÂgam EfmTSgmanKuNsm∫ti†xagp¬ËvbJÔa TSgxagp¬Ëvkll∫ic. dUec~HbJÇak'[eXIjfa yYneTAGnaKt Ep~keyaFaGacBUEkk~¨gcMeNam®bCaCatiTSgLayenAe®Cay≤NÎËcin nigenAk~¨gGasIuGeK~yC_ aminxan . k~¨gq~S1970 bUdUymancMnYn2Esnnak' tSgmUldΩanJseBj´®B´n®beTsExµr . cMENkkgexmrPUminÊvij manEt2mWun7Jn'nak'Etb\"ueNˆaH KWmancMnYnticCagyYnbUdUydl'eTACag7dg ! . enHminniyaydl'cMnYnnigKuNPaB´nGavuFyuTÏP&NÎpg . elakln'-nl'yl'dUec~H mankar®BYyVrm∏y\"agx¬Sg . sem†csIhnuEbrCart'ecaltMENg, rt'ecalmatuPUmi, rt'ecalraÂs†Exµr ykrYcx¬Án ehIyTm¬ak'GMErkenHeTAelIelakeTAvij . elakln'-nl'KµanKMnitk∫t'sem†csIhnueT b\"uEn†elak®tUvEtTTYlfµVk'enHedays√&y®bvti† eTIbCMruj[man®Bwti†karN1_ 8mina1970 evlaem\"ag1resolenHeLIg . b\"uEn†KYr[s†ayNas' kalenaHe®bobdUcCaeyIgeF√s®bEhs beN†a-y[TwkCMnn'Cn'licdl'dMbUlpÊHeTAehIy eTIb®bev®bvarkTICMrk k*k¬ayeTACaliclg'vinasGn†raydl'PaBGs'sgÙwmrhUtdl'sB√´f©enH . m\"¥agvijeTot˘˘˘ ExµreyIgGP&B√Nas'˘˘˘ emIlcuHelakln'-nl'eLIgCa®bmuxrdΩ®Kb'®KgsaFarNrdΩExµr minVnbMerI®beTs[VneBjeljeT e®JHelakmaneraKaJFF©n'dabNas'eTAehIy . eBlenaH elakdUcCaG~kkan'GMNac‰eTot@Edr elakmanKuNsm∫ti†nigKuNvibti†KYr[kt'smal' . nrNacg'ecaTelakfadUcem†c k*elakKµaneqI¬ytbeT . elakbnßl'Tukkiti†ysrbs'elakepI∆k~¨g´draÂs†Exµr EdlecHKitBicarNa ecHe®bobeFob[eqI¬yCMnYscuH . ´f©TI18mina1970kn¬gputeTAeBlNa elakesna®bmuxln'-nl'CYbelaksWg-g\"ukfaj' elakEtgEteJldMGUjfa – « KYr[s†ayNas'@ minKYr[man®Bwti†karNe_ day´cdn¥y\"agenHeT nS[elakCab'eQµaHk~¨g®bvti†saÂs† faelakCaG~kdeNI†mGMNacBIsem†csIhnu » . tSgBIedImTImkelakeKarBnigesµaH®tg'cMeJHsem†cGs'BIdYgcit† elakKµannwknak∫t'…deNI†mGMNacBI®BHGgTal'EtesaH .

GgkarCanrNa ? 21cuHebI®BHGgrt'ecaltMENg rt'ecalkUn@eTAehIy etI[eFI√dUcem†ceTA ? dU-ec~HvasnaCMrujeKcminput elak®tUvEtpßge®BgCacuge®kaybgÌs' ®tUvEtlHbg'GI√@TSgGs'edIm∫ICati . k~¨geBlEdl®beTsExµrkMBugq¬gkat'P~k'sÂgam elakesna®bmuxln'-nl'yl'c∫as'Nas'fa KWyYnhaNUyeTAEdleq¬øt{kasenH bJÇa[bUdUyvaykMeTcsm¬ab'Exµr e®JHvamanEtEpnkar®JgTukCae®sc ®tUvEt®k´Lmux®beTskmı¨Ca [eTACakumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin « minEmneFI√sÂgamCamYysem†csIhnueT! » . dUec~H®Kb'@sunÊrkfarbs'elak elakEtgEtdas'etOnrMlwk®bCaBlrdΩExµrfa eyIg®tUv®by&t~nUve®KaHf~ak'´nBYkTmiL ! . ebIeBlNaBYkvaTTYlC&yCMnH vanwgb†Ërmuxkmı¨CaeTAtammenaKmviCÇarbs'va . vanwgksagkmı¨CafIµelIKMnrepHKMnrqÌwg´nraÂs†ExµrCaminxan . « etIeyabl' Jk¥dMbUnµanrbs'elak®tUv…eTenAeBlenH ? » . edIm∫IbJÇak'sem†csIhnu[yl'nUvP~k'ePI¬gsÂgamd*Bit®Vkdk~¨gTwkdIExµr EdlkMBugpʨHeLIgenaH˘˘˘ dUec~He®kay´f©18mina1970 ®BHmhakß®tIyanInigrdΩsPaExµr Vncat'tMNag2rUb KW®BHGgmças'nerat†m-kn†¨l CatMNag®BHraCvSg, elakEym-sMbUr CatMNagxagEp~krdΩaPiVl bJÇËneTAKal'sem†csIhnuenATI®kugV\"rIs_ KWsUmsem†csMNak'enA®beTsVrSgsMrak®BHkayKg'enAes©ømsincuH TMrSkUn@erobcMcat'EcgsƒankarN[_ Vnerobry®sYlbYlsin ˘˘˘kUn@nwgsUmyagsem†c“vil®tLb'eTAkan'TI®kugP~MeB-j k~¨gzan:Ca®BmuxrdΩdEdlvij . b\"uEn†sem†csIhnucecs k*bdiesFecalesckI†sMuenHTSg®sug edaymin®BmCYbtMNagTSg2rUbenaHeLIy rYc®bkasdMkl'Tukfa rdΩaPiVlsaFarNrdΩExµrnigsPak∫t'Cati k∫t'raCbl¬g˚eTAvij . kaleNaHGtItshPaBsUevotf√ayeyabl' sMukMu[sem†cyageTAkan'®sukcineLIy˘˘˘. « GtItshPaBsUevotKS®Telakesna®bmuxln'-nl'enA´f©TI17emsa1975 » . ❑❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ? 22 CBM UkTI4‹ cinnigyYnhaNUyebIkkll∫iceVksem†csIhnu !‹ cinnigyYnebIkGg®bCMubegI˚trNsirß®bCaCnTSgbI´n åbTI√b≤NÎËcin ( FUTPI ) !‹ cin yYn niglav KS®Tsem†c !‹ skmµPaBbUdUyvaykMeTcExµrln'-nl' ! cinnigyYnhaNUyebIkkll∫iceVksem†csIhnu ! enAevlaem\"agmYyresol´n´f©TI18mina1970 rdΩsPaExµrVn®bkasTm¬ak'sem†csIhnuecjBItMENg®bmuxrdΩ enAeBlEdlsem†ckMBugEtsM-Nak'enA‰TI®kugm\"UsË´nGtItshPaBsUevot . CU-eGnLayelIkTwkcit†sem†csIhnunigpS-yuSgdugrdΩmÂnI†®ksYgkarbreTsevotNamxageCIg [begI˚trNsirßmYy EdleKnwg®bkasb-egI˚tnaExemsamYyExe®kaymkeTot . ´f©TI25mina, sem†csIhnuk*begI˚trNsirßmYyEdlmaneQµaHfa – «rNsirßrYbrYmCatikmı¨Ca» Edlmanexov-sMpn, hflU-yn', hflU-nwm CaG~kKS®T≤tlk≈&N edIm∫I®bqSgnwgrdΩaPiVlln'-nl' . enA´f©25-26emsa, e®kamkarepI†mKMnitrbs'sem†csIhnu nige®kamGFibtIPaBrbs'rdΩmÂnI†TI1cinCU-eGnLay, mankarebIk®bCMumYyeTot edIm∫IbegI˚t «rNsirßrYbrYmCatiTSg3´nåbTI√b≤NÎËcin» Edlman®Tg'supanvgß(lav), pS-yuSgdug (evotNamxageCIg), eg√øg-hflUfU (evotNamxagt∫Ëg) CaG~kcUlrYm®bCMu . ebItamesckI†®bkasrYm˘˘˘ TIkEn¬g®bCMuenHsiƒtenAcM®BMEdn´n®beTsTSgbIKW cin, lav nigevotNam . EtebIeyagtamesckI†sm∏asnm_ Yyrbs'®Tg'supanvgß CamYyG~kkaEst®sICatib\"ULËjm~ak', ®Tg'supanvgßVnGHGagfa kar®bCMuenHVn®b®Bwt†eLIgenATIkEn¬gmYy´next†kg'tug®sukcin .

GgkarCanrNa ? 23 CamYyK~aenH, cineb\"kSgcat'ebskCnBiess[eTACYbelakln'-nl'enA‰P~MeBjedIm∫IsMucrca . cinsMu[elakln'-nl'Kit ehIysMercnUvkicçsn¥a3x rhUtdl'dMNac'Exemsa . kicçsn¥a3xenaHKW – 1- sMu[rdΩaPiVlelakln'-nl'sMrYlkardwkes∫øg nigGavuF®Kb'y\"ageTA[eyokkugkat'tam®sukExµr edIm∫IvayswkCamYyevotNamxagt∫Ëg. 2- yl'®Bm[yYnxageCIgdak'T&BenA®sukExµr . 3- yl'®BmTTYlsal'brivarcin ehIysuxcit†eFI√eXasna[BYkenHtam®Kb'meF¥aVy . ebIelakln'-nl'TTYlsal'xTSgbIenH eb\"kSgnwgTat'ecalsem†csIhnu ehIyTTYlsal'saFarNrdΩExµrvij . Etelakln'-nl'min®Bm .EsÌkeLIg´f©TI1åsPa1970 cin®bkasTTYlsal'sem†csIhnu . em\"A-esTug®bkasCaåLarwkfa cinsµ&®Kcit†p†l'CMnYyCaTwk®Vk' « tamsem†c®tUvkar » ®BmTSg®bkasfa dl'eBlNasem†cTTYlC&yCMnHsinswmsgcinvij˘˘˘ cinminKitkar®Vk'eT ! . 5´f©e®kaymkeTot eKk*VnbegI˚trdΩaPiVlmYyEdlmaneQµaHfa «rdΩaPiVlb®gYbb®gYmCatikmı¨Ca » Edlmansem†cEb\"n-nutCanayk, ecA-esgCardΩmÂnI†TTYlbnʨkxagebskkmµBiess EdledIrTak'Tg®Kb'breT-s BiessBYkbsçwm®beTs . cinnigyYneyokkugCYysem†csIhnudUec~HminTMngTal'EtesaH e®JHxM∆¨enAcSmat'enAeLIyfa k~¨gbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin eKVnEcgc∫ab'y\"agc∫as'las'Nas'fa dMNak'karCadMbUg®tUvkMeTcski†PUmi˘˘˘ cuH≤LËvenHehtudUcem†cVnCabkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcinEbrCaKS®Tsem†csIhnu EdlCaski†PUmieTAvij ? . cMENk‰exov-sMpn emExµr®khmEdlmannin~akarExµr ehIyEdlrt'ecal®sukedaysarkarecaT®bkan'rbs'sem†csIhnu faCas®tUvk∫t'CatienaH EbrCas¬n'es¬aeq¬q¬abbYlK~acuHhtƒelxaKS®Tsem†csIhnuenA´f©TI26-3-70 nwgeKEdr . buB√ehtuEdlmanCabÂJças'beN†ay dUcVnGFib∫aymkxagelIenHk*dUcCakarnSsSgCae®cInJn'etan eTAcak'e®sacdut®beTskmı¨CaEtm†g .e®JHpS-yuSgdugVne®tomx¬Ánrg'cS{kasenHCayUrmkehIy . luH{kas

GgkarCanrNa ? 24lÌmkdl'y\"agenH vabJÇa[bUdUybn¬Me®bIyIehaExµr®khm enAelIedIm®TUgJk'rUbsem†csIhnu®Kb'@K~a ykelshk'elatkeÂJÇaldUcP~MePI¬g vaysMrukkMeTcsm¬ab'Exµrln'-nl' EdlCamças'TwkdIkmı¨CaBit@ ®BmTSgE®skCeyasem†c“ ! ( kaleNaHsem†c“rt'ecalkUnExµr eTAeFI√Ca“yYneyokkugCabUdUyvij ) . xM∆¨xM®sav®CavrkBt·manx¬H@ EdlsI†GMBIkarEdlbUdUyVnecjmuxvaykMeTc®beTsExµrdUcteTA – ‹ kgBlFMelx1 – kgvresnaFMelx101D manbUdUy2Jn'nak'tSgenAmUldΩanGgrbUrI (ext†taEkv) . ‹ kgBlFMelx5 – kgvresnaFMelx174-05 nig 275 manbUdUy®VMJn'nak'tSgmUldΩanenAs~Ál (ext†®kecH) . ‹ kgBlFMelx7 – kgvresnaFMelx141 165 nig 209 manbUdUy®VMmYyJn'BIrrynak' tSgmUldΩanenAemmt' (ext†kMBg'cam) . ‹ kgBlFMelx9 – kgvresnaFMelx95C 271 nig 272 manbUdUy6Jn'nak' tSgmUldΩanenACb' (ext†kMBg'cam) . ‹ kgT&Belx B3 – kgvresnaFMelx24 28 40 65 nig 95 manbUdUy1mWun8rynak' tSgmUldΩanenAbrEkv (ext†rtnKIrI) bEnƒmelIGgPaBenH enAGmesnaFikar manbUdUy1mWun2Jn'nak' . cMENk‰®kumdwkCJÇËnPs†¨ParswkmanbUdUy2mWun3Jn'nak' . ‹ kgBlFMelx509 – tSgmUldΩanenAE®kk-s~Ál (ext†®kecH) y\"age®cInmindwgcMnYnBit®Vkd . bUkrYmTSgGs'man – 6mWun5Jn'nak' (edayminKitkgBlFMelx509) . skmµPaBbUdUyvaykMeTcExµrln'-nl' !´f©TI27-4-1970, bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcExµrCaelIkTI1 enAeQIexµA ®sukekaHFM (ext†kN†al) . bUdUyrukrancUly\"agelOn F¬aymkdl'taexµA rhUtdl'k∫alf~l' . enA´f©TI15mifuna1970, bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcExµrenAext†kMB-g'FM˘˘˘ eyIgemIlBIkV\"l'ehaH eXIjc∫as'bUdUyCae®cInmWunk∫al c∫SgTl'

GgkarCanrNa ? 25tYCamYykgT&BCatiExµr . Tl'tYy\"agenH bUdUy®tUvs¬ab'KrelIK~aCae®cInJn'k∫al, ecalexµacJseBj´®BdUec~H, bUdUy®tUvbraC&ydkfy . enA´f©TI24kJÔa1971, bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcbMp¬ajTMnb'TwkE®Bket~at . enA´f©TI5åsPa1972, bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcbMp¬ajsıan®BHmunIvgß . BI´f©TI1dl'´f©TI12kk˚da bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcExµrenA®sukGgtaesam (ext†taEkv) . k~¨gExsIha, bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcExµrenAkMBg'®tEbk . enAyb'´f©TI6eTA7tula bUdUyCae®cIJn'k∫alecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcbMp¬ajsıane®Caycg√ar . enAyb'´f©TI6eTA7tula bUdUyCae®cIJn'k∫alecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcbMp¬ajsıane®Caycg√ar . eBlvadkfyeTAvij vaecalexµacenAk~¨gsmr-PUmi83k∫aql nig®tUvkgT&BCatiExµrcab'Vn7k∫al . enA´f©TI25 Exkum∏: q~S1974 bUdUyCae®cInmWunk∫alecjmuxeBjTI B&TÏvaykMeTcPUmi®bsUtmancm©ay®bmaN2K˘m˘BITI®kugs√ayerog . ‹‹‹ KWvibti†xagelIenHehIy EdlExµrGay\"gyYn®kumehg-sMrin, hflunEsnCaedIm vasni~dΩanfa yYnmkCYyExµrCaelIkTI2 . ❑❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ? 26 CMBUkTI5‹ yYnj¨Hjg'Exµr[®bqSgnwgrdΩaPiVlln'-nl' .‹ es~øtyYne®bIeQµaHsem†csIhnuedIm∫Ie®CIserIseya- Fa .‹ shrdΩGaemrikCYyExµrln'-nl'BIrelIk .‹ eyaFaExµr®khmbMEbkCa3®kum .‹ evotkugsMuvil®tLb'eTA®sukvij .‹ yYnhaNUybJÇËnExµrevotmij3Jn'nak' mkkan'®suk Exµr .yYnj¨Hjg'Exµr[®bqSgnwgrdΩaPiVlln'-nl' yYnhaNUyCaevotkugsal'cMNucexßayraÂs†Exµr EdlCaG~keKarB®sLaj'sem†c“, vabJÇa[GtitExµrevotmije®bIyIehaExµr®khm edIrbMbHbMeVrraÂs†Exµr ®bqSgtTl'nwgrdΩaPiVlln'-nl' edayvaykelsfa KS®Tsem†c“ . kaleNaHraÂs†ExµrG~kE®scMkardac'®syalnigG~k®suk´®BP~M x√HkarBicarNa k*sµ&®Kcit†KS®TGtitExµrevotmij, cMENk‰yuvCnk*sµ&®KKS®TBYkenHEdr edaycUleFI√CaeyaFaExµr®khm . cMENkraÂs†ExµrG~kecHdwg CaBiessG~krdΩkarEdlecH®tiHriHBicarNak*yl'fa ®beTsExµrenAeBlenHmane®KaHf~ak'mkdl'ehIy k*nS®KYsarrt'ePosx¬ÁncUlkan'TI®kug EdlmanrdΩaPiVlsaFarNrdΩCaG~k®Kb'®Kg . bJ˙araÂs†Exµrrt'cakecjBITIkEn¬gEdlvarMedaHrYcehIy enaHvae®tkGrNas', va®tUvEtGnuvt†EpnkartwgrwugbEnƒm KWkMcaybEnƒm, åbmadUcCavaerIs®tI®ss'dak'keJIÇepßg ®tIs̨ydak'keJIÇmYyepßgeTotCae®sc edIm∫IGnuvt†EpnkarTI2 .

GgkarCanrNa ? 27 eBlenaHyYnhaNUye®bIGavuF2y\"ag edIm∫Ism¬ab'bMVt'BUCExµrCamças'TwkdIkmı¨CaBit@ . GavuFkm¬Sg vae®bIsMrab'sm¬ab'Exµrln'-nl'˘˘˘ GavuFcit†saÂs† vae®bIsMrab'kMeTcExµrsIhnu . emIlcuH ! cab'tSgBI´f©TI18 mina 1970 pʨHeLIgP¬am, yYnhaNUybegI˚tclaclx¬SgeLIg@ . vae®bIExµrGay\"grbs'va[eTAkan'PUmiExµr EdlenAtambeN†ay®BMEdnExµr-yYn edIm∫Ij¨Hjg'bMbHbMeVrExµr CMruj[eFI√VtukmµKS®Tsem†c“Cajwkjab' . åb∫ti†ehtuenHekIteLIgeBlNa xag®ksYgsni†suxCatiEtgEthamXat'˘˘˘ dUec~Hk¬ayeTACaekItvivaTrvagBYkVtukrnigGaC∆aFr EdlbN†al[mankarvaytb'tTl'K~arhUtdl'rbYsnigs¬ab'Cae®cIn . dUcCaenA´f©TI29 mina 1970˘˘˘ enAext†kMBg'cam, evotkugnigGtitExµrevotmijbbYlExµr≤s¬amnigG~k®sukExµrelI (´®BP~M) mancMnYn4mWunnak' nSK~acUleTAkan'PUminana j¨Hjg'bMbHbMeVrraÂs†Exµrs¬Ët®tg' ehIyEhrCak∫ÁnVtukmµsMedAcUleTAkan'TI®kugkMBg'cam edayykelsfa eTAKS®Tsem†c“ . Et®kumVtukrdutdMNak'sem†csIhnu dutsaladMbUg˘˘˘. eBlenaHmantMNagraÂs†BIrnak'sµ&®Kcit†TTYlbnʨkecjeTACYb®kumVtukr edIm∫IeFI√Gn†raKmns_ MruHsMrYl˘˘˘ EtmanXatkrGaf·kMVMgsm¬ab'elaktMNagraÂs†TSgBIrenaHecalP¬ameTA . ®kumVtukrcUlB&TÏsalaext†kMBg'cam E®skkMejIjbg≈Mt®mUv[ekNÎLan edIm∫IdwknS®kumvaeTAkan'rdΩFanIP~MeBj . kMejIjVnehIy k∫ÁnLank*eFI√dMeNIreTAkan'rdΩFanIP¬am . mkdl'PUmiKKI cMeBlbwTcracr . P~ak'garyaml∫atk*hamXat' EtBYkVtukrd*sahavGs'enaHmin®Bms†ab' CaehtueFI√[P~ak'garyaml∫atVj'rHeTAelIVtukr bN†al[s¬ab'nigrbYsCae®cIn . eKeXIjexµacs¬ab'enAnwgkEn¬gekItehtucMnYn40nak' . G~kEdl®tUvrbYsF©n'@ k*vil®tLb'eTAext†kMBg'camvij ehIyk*s¬ab'edayrbYsF©n'enaHGs'60nak'eTot . ®kumVtukrk*bMEbkCYr rYcvil®tLb'eTAkan'lMenAerog@x¬Ánvij edaynSTSgKMnMuKMuKYnek†A®khayeTACamYypgehIysn¥anwgsgswk[bgbÌËn mit†P&ki†Edl®tUv®Kab'kSePI¬grbs'kgT&BCati˘˘˘. eq¬øt{kasenaH GtitExµrevotmijj¨Hjg'bEnƒm rYcsMrSgCMerIsVnTa-hany\"age®cIn EdlduHcit†y\"agmutfa ®tUvEtsgswkCMnYs®KYsar nigd-eNI†mGMNacBIln'-nl'ykmkf√aysem†c“vij .

GgkarCanrNa ? 28 dUec~HsÂgamk~¨g®beTsExµr EdlpʨHeLIgcab'BIq~S1970dl'cugq~S19-73 KWbUdUyeTvaykMeTcExµr˘˘˘ b\"uEn†mtiExµrnigbreTsCae®cInVnyl'®cLMenAeBlenaHfa ExµrsIhnuvaykMeTcExµrln'-nl' . b\"uEn†eTaHCay\"agNak*eday BYkbUdUyEdlhflan « ykVymklabmat'BEB » enAeBlenaHk*e®JHEtmankarE®skGMJvnavrbs'sem†csIhnu tamviT¥¨BIeb\"kSgmk[raÂs†Exµre®kakeLIg®bqSgnwgBYk «Gak∫t'Eq˚bMerIGaemrikSg » . k~¨gq~S1970, tamTI®kugnana´n®beTsExµr manekItclacld*Eb¬k@ KWkUnsisßGnuviT¥al&ynigviT¥al&y bHeVreFI√VtukmµvayGaNikCnCatiyY n. ®Bwti†karNE_ b¬k@TSgenHmindwgecjBI®bPBNaeT . luHmanerOgminTMngy\"agenH GaNikCnCatiyYnEdlmanlTÏPaBnigmeF¥aVy®Kb'®Kan' k*nS®KYsareFI√matuPUminivt†ne_ TAkan'®sukyYnvij mancMnYnenAeBlenaH®bma-N10mWunnak' . eq¬øt{kasd*lÌenH evotkugsMrSge®CIserIsyuvCnyYnekµg@EdleronsU®tecHGkßr ecHPasaExµre®CA®CH VnCae®cInJn'nak' rYcbJÇËnbJçËlsalaeyaFa . luHeronecHcb'yuTÏviFIkll∫icnigmenaKmviCÇakumµ¨ynis†e®scVc'˘˘˘ vabMJk's&ki†CaGnuesniy®tI (s&ki†1) dl'BYkenaHehIyk*E®bdak'eQµaHCaExµr rYcbJÇËnvil®tLb'cUlmkkan'®beTsExµrvijcat'EtgtSgCaemkan'k†ab'eyaFaExµr®khmEdl®sLaj'sem†c“ KWp¬as'mkCMnYsbUdUyEdlminecHPasaExµr . ®kums&ki†1enHe®tkGrNas' e®JHVnvilmksgswkcMeJHExµr EdleBlmunmanBYkGaf·kMVMgVnnSeFI√Vtukmµvay®KYsarrbs'vakalBIvaenAekµ-g@ . BIrdΩFanIva\"siunetan elak®bFanaFibtIGaemrikSgnicsun Edlminsal'KMnitxUcrbs'yYn VnecjbJÇae®bIkgT&ByYnxagt∫Ëg [cUlmkeFI√®bti-bti†kareVssMGatk~¨gEdndIExµrCMerA40K˘m˘ cab'tSgBI´f©TI30-4-70 dl'´f©30-6-70 . {kaslÌmkdl'y\"agenH yYnxagt∫ËgbJÇËnkgT&Brfe®kaHkSePI¬gFunF©n'cMnYn2mWun®VMJn'nak' cUltamcMBuHTa (ext†s√ayerog) mkratt∫at®sukExµr, vaykMeTcsm¬ab'Exµrs¬Ët®tg' edIm∫Inwgsgswk[CnCativaEdl®tUvrge®KaHedaysarVtukmµrbs'nisßitExµrenaH . TMhM´nkarsgswkenHmankMrwtelIsBIVtukmµcMnYn100dg . emIlcuH! vaVj'sm¬ab'raÂs†Exµrs¬Ët®tg'EdlmanTIlMenAtambeN†ay®BMEdnExµr-yYny\"agecjmux y\"ag®sbc∫ab' . ®bmUl®TB¥sm∫ti†®Kb'Eb

GgkarCanrNa ? 29by\"ag b¬n'dwkCJÇËntamLan tamåTÏm∏aKc®k®bkbedayeCaKC&y˘˘˘ rYcvadutbMp¬ajpÊHExµrexÊc .l. dUec~Hbg˙aj[eXIjfa yYnNak*dUcCayYnNa KWCas®tUvsYrBUCrbs'ExµreyIgCanicç . BIrdΩFanIva\"siunetan elak®bFanaFibtInicsun®bkasCaåLarwk faCYysaFarNrdΩExµrm†geTot . dUec~Hcab'bI´f©7-3-73 dl'´f©15-8-73 GaemrikSgk*dwk®Kab'Ebkmksab®BYselI®beTskmı¨CacMnYn4mWunetank~¨gmYyEx@ k~¨geKalbMNgCYybJçb'sÂgam[Vnqab' . b\"uEn†pʨyeTAvij dUcvayTwkbegIÌl®tI KWVn®beyaCne_ TAevotkugTSgGs'e®JHbUdUymankarBiesaFny_ \"aghµt'ct' vaGaceKccakpute®KaHf~ak'Vny\"aggay . emIlcuH ! GaemrikSgCYyExµrBIrelIk˘˘˘ raÂs†Exµr®tUvrge®KaHs¬ab'Gs'cMnYn´m∏mWun (200,000) nak' . rI‰raÂs†ExµrCae®cInEsnnak'eTotEdlenAsl'BIs¬ab' k*x√HTICMrk x√HTIBMnwg . ebIrt'cUleTAkan'TI®kug c∫as'Cadac'eJHs¬ab', e®JHKµanluykak',KµanGI√nwgbriePaK, TMnijeLIg´f¬hYskMrwt˘˘˘ Guj˘˘˘ ebIedIrdl'®ckT&ly\"agenH etIrt'eTA®Ck‰NaeTA ? . dUec~HraÂs†ExµrTSgLayenaH ®tUvEtbg≈Mcit†pßge®Bgrt'cUl´®B Bwgevotkug BwgGtitExµrevotmij . eBlenaHevotkug®sg'yk®beyaCn_ ®bkbedayeCaKC&yd*FMeFg . evotkugnigExµrGay\"gyYnte®mobCYrK~aQrcSTTYlraÂs†ExµrGP&B√TSgLayenaH edayTwkmuxjjwmsb∫ayrIkray . evotkugVn´dk*eq¬øtj¨Hjg'bEnƒmeFI√[raÂs†ExµrTSgGs'enaHyl'®cLM®BmTSgmanTIGag k*tSgduHcit†Cas®tUvcMeJHCatirbs'x¬Án . ®tUvEtsgswkcMeJHsaFarNrdΩ ®tUvEtkMeTcsaFarNrdΩ deNI†mGMNacmkf√aysem†c“vij . eBlenaHyuvCnExµrk*sµ&®Kcit†cUlbMerIva KWcUlCaeyaFay\"age®cInelI-slb' . ❑

GgkarCanrNa ? 30 evotkugcat'bMEbkeyaFaCabI®kum ®kumTI1 – kumartUc@GayuBI9eTA13q~S dak'eQµaHCa®kum®tIkJç¨H Edlmanemkan'k†ab' KWGtitecar´®B…mnusßyg'X~gx√HsIlFm· . ®kumTI2 – yuvCneBjv&y s&µ®Kcit†kMeTcExµrln'-nl' deNI†mGMNacmkf√aysem†c“ mancMnYnCagbYnmWunnak' . ®kumTI3 – yuvCnEdlEf¬gkarNe_ sµaH®tg'®Vb'evotkug fax¬Ánsµ&®Kcit†kMeTcski†PUminigc®kBti† . ®kumenHmindwgcMnYneT . evotkugdwknSeTAkan'TIGaf·kMVMg . enAcugq~S1973˘˘˘ KMeragkarTI1rbs'vaVnsMerceCaKC&yd*FMeFg e®JHeyaFa®kumTI2Gacbn†sÂgamkMeTcExµrln-nl'CMnYsvaVnehIy . evotkugeFI√ButsMulaeyaFad*kMst'enaH vil®tLb'eTA®sukvavij . eBllaK~aenaHbUdUy{beyaFaExµr®khm yMs®sak'Ef¬gsMdIEpÌmlÌËkfa – ≤LËvenHmit†@rwg´drwgeCIg manmeF¥aVy®Kb'®Kan' GacTb'Tl'cMeJHs®tUvedayx¬Án‰gVnehIy˘˘˘ mit†BMucSVc'BwgEpÌkBYkxM∆¨eToteT˘˘˘ BYkxM∆¨lasinehIy edIm∫IecosevogkMu[Exµrveg√g ecaTBYkxM∆¨facUlmkQ¬anJn . ebImit†®tUvkarGavuF BYkxM∆¨nwgp†l'CUn˘˘˘ ebIeTAGnaKtmit†®tUvkarBYkxM∆¨ BYkxM∆¨nwgcUlmkCYyP¬am . eBlenaHeyaFaExµr®khmk*yM, bUdUyk*yM, {bK~asMlaK~a . ExµrnigyYnyMecjTwkEP~kdUcK~a b\"uEn†mann&yxusK~a®sLH . eyaFaExµr®khmyMedays†ayEbkecjBImit†d*manKuN EdlxMcMNayeBlCYybg˙at'ce®gonyuTÏviFI ®BmTSgp†l'GavuF[®kumx¬Ány\"ag®Kb'®Kan'rYcvil®tLb'eTA®sukvij´dTeT .l. cMENkevotkug, CaBiessbUdUy, vayMe®JHvae®tkGrCa´®kElg nUvm-haeCaKC&y´nKMeragkarTI2 EdlyYnhaNUyGt'Fµt'B¥ayamj¨Hjg'Bn¥l'Exµr [yl'®cLMEbkVk'K~a k~¨gry:10q~SeTIbVnsMercCasƒaBrenAeBlenH . dUec~Hvarujk∫al[sm¬ab'K~asincuH . muneBlevotkugbJÇa[bUdUyEbkecjBIeyaFaExµr®khm, haNUydwkCJÇËnExµrEk¬gk¬aymYy®kum Cae®cInJn'nak' [cUlmkkan'k†ab'eyaFaExµr®khmCMnYsva rYcrYbrYmeFI√karCamYyGtitExµrevotmijbn†sÂgamteTAeTot˘˘˘. « ®kumExµrEk¬gk¬ayenH KW®kumyuvCnGNikCnCatiyYn EdlVneron

GgkarCanrNa ? 31sU®tecHe®CA®CH TSgPasaTSgGkßrExµr EdleFI√matuPUminivt†nB_ Iq~S1970-1971 eTAkan'evotNam EdlVnduHKMnity\"agmS ®tUvEtvil®tLb'cUlmk®beTskmı¨Cavij edIm∫IsgswkcMeJHExµr . yuvCnyYnTSgLayenaH dak'eQµaHx¬ÁnCaExµr Prfax¬ÁnCaCatiExµr » .( kkn – rhUtmkTl'bcç¨b∫n~ BYkenHVnk¬ayx¬ÁnCaemdwknSsMxan'@enAk~¨gCYrraCrdΩaPiVlcMruH …k*nigCYrkgT&BCatiExµr . BYkeKbg˚[manGMeBIclaclGMeBIBukrlYy nigKµanvin&yGI√TSgGs' . hflun-Esnminhflanb\"HJl'BYkTSgGs'enHeT sUm∫IEterameCIgk*minhflanpg . ebIBYkenHp†l'eyabl'GI√ hflun-eFI√P¬am dUckUn®bedAtamEbbbT . BYkenHmanGayucen¬aHBI40eTA50q~S ) . eBlCamYyK~aenH˘˘˘ yYnhaNUyVnbJÇËn®kumExµrevotmij EdlyYnhaNUyCaevotmije®CIserIs nSykeTAeronenAeb\"kSgnigenAhaNUy tSgBImunq~S1954 cMnYn3Jn'nak' [nivt†cUlkmı¨Cavij bn†sÂgamCamYysa-FarNrdΩExµr˘˘˘ KW[mkeFI√sÂgamCMnYsevotkug . cMENkevotkugvij vafyeTAsMrak®ct'ceg˚HQremIlExµrsm¬ab'ExµrK~a‰gy\"agvk'vI . pʨyeTAvij˘˘˘ ®kumExµrenHminEdlmancit†KMnMucMeJHExµr EbrCamansti-sm∫CJÔ:mute®CAes~haCatieTAvij . ®kumenHeronsU®tpÊal'CamYycin pÊa-l'CamYyyYnhaNUy˘˘˘ k*dwgKMeragkarrbs'cin-yYn sm¬ab'bMputBUCExµredIm∫IvatTIykTwkdIkmı¨CabJçËleTAk~¨grbbkumµ¨ynis† . dUec~H®kumExµreTIbmkdl' k*®bqSgnUvKMeragkard*sahavenH . ®kumenHniyaytva\"edaysmehtusmplfa Exµr®tUvcrcarvagExµrnigExµredIm∫IbJçb'sÂgam, edIm∫IbJŒb'karbg˙ËrQam . ®kumenHbJÇak'fa bJ˙aExµr®tUvTuk[ExµredaH®say vagExµrnigExµr .l. k~¨gq~S1973˘˘˘ KMeragkarnigkll∫icEdlevotkug®btibti†karenAk~¨g´pÊ®sukExµr VncMerInlUtlas'elIslb'BIkare®KagTukeTAeTot . dUec~Hva®tUvEtEkT®mg'x¬H@˘˘˘ åTahrNd_ UcCaKMnithU-CImij vaxMe®CIserIsyuvCnExµrTSgExµrkmı¨Cae®kam TSgExµrkmı¨CakN†al edIm∫IbJÇËneTAeronenAeb\"kSg …enAhaNUy cab'tSgBIq~S1948 nigbJÇËnCabn†@ edIm∫IGb'rMlagxYrk∫albJçËlmenaKmviCÇarbs'va rYcEk´q~®bDit[eTACaExµrfIµ mças'TwkdIkmı¨CafIµ . enAq~S1973˘˘˘ yYnhaNUyVnTTYllTÏpld*Kab'®besIr cMeJHsƒankarN®_ btibti†kar´pÊk~¨g®sukExµr . dUec~HvaQb'®tUvkarExµrCMnan'hU-CImijeTotehIy . vap¬as'b†ËrEkT®mg'P¬am KW®tUvsm¬ab'ExµrFunenHecalvij .

GgkarCanrNa ? 32 KiteXIjdUec~HehIy˘˘˘ vaecjbJÇak~¨gnamGgkar edaye®bImit†sU-PwmCaemdwknS®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg edIrB&TÏcab' Vj'sm¬ab' ®kumExµrEdleKbJÇËnmkBIeb\"kSgnigmkBIhaNUy ®tUvs¬ab'Gs'CitbIJn'nak' « dUck~¨g®kbx&NÎsmaCikbkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr KWExµrevotmijenAkmı¨CakN†alk~¨gq~S1954, yYnevotmije®CIserIsnSykeTACagmYy1Jn'nak'˘˘˘ ≤LËvenHenAsl'Et55nak'b\"ueNˆaH » . yYnhaNUyGnuvt†Vn®twm®tUvnUvJk¥mYyX¬afa – « karsm¬ab'G~k≤teTas ®besIrCagkarTukCIvit[s®tUv » . vabJÇa[yYneronPasaExµr GkßrExµr rYcEk¬gx¬Ánbn¬MeFI√CaExµr eFI√Camças'TwkdIkmı¨CafIµ®besIrCag . CaBiess bUdUy®tUveronsU®tPasaExµr GkßrExµrCadac'xat˘˘˘ e®JHfaebIbUdUyNaF¬ak'elx ®tUvenAk~¨g®sukExµrrhUt ®tUvbn¬MeFI√CaExµrrhUt . yYnevotkugsMulaExµr®khmelIkenH minEmnedIrecjecal®sukExµrdUcCayYnevotmijsMulaes†csIhnukalBIq~S1954enaHeT˘˘˘ KWva®Kan'EtfyeTABYnlak'x¬ÁntambeN†ay®BMEdnExµr-yYn-lav rYcecjbJÇaBIcm©aybg≈M[GtitExµrevotmij dwknSeyaFaExµr®khmEdl®sLaj'sem†c“ cUlkMeTcsaFarNrdΩExµrCMnYsva . cMENkBYkva vasMrak˘˘˘ b\"uEn†e®tomx¬ÁnCanicçKµan®bEhs . tSgBIeBlenaHmk manEt®kumExµrevotmijeTEdlGaceTA CYblut®kab edIm∫ITTYlbJÇaBIevotkugpÊal' . dUec~H, enAeBlNava®tUveLIgeTATTYlbJÇaBIemva vaEtgEtPreyaFaExµr®khmfa « ®kumva®tUveTAeronsU®tenAGgkarelI » . sUmbJÇak'fa – « Jk¥Ggkar » cab'kMeNIttSgBIeBlenaHmkehIy KWcab'BIExsIhaq~S1973 ! . KYr[GaeNacGFm·dl'eyaFaExµr®khm Edl®sLaj'sem†c“cMnYnbYnmWunnak'enaHNas' edayBMuVndwgx¬Ánfa ®kumx¬ÁnkMBugF¬ak'cUlk~¨gGnÊak'yYnevotkugTal'EtesaH . eBlæfa BYkembJÇakarrbs'x¬ÁneTAeronsU®tenAGgkarelI EbrCae®tkGrNas' e®JH®Kb'@K~ayl'®cLMy\"agF©n'CagF©n'edaynwksµanEteTACYbsem†c“ eTACYbexov-sMpn, hflU-nwm, hflU-yn' .l. e®JHeyaFaTSgbYnmWunnak' PaKe®cInCaG~kE®scMkar G~k®suk´®BP~M CaG~kl©g'ex¬A minyl'sƒankarN_ KµankarBiesaFnn_ igkarBicarNa, eCOEttamJk¥j¨Hjg'rbs'yYnevotkug . dUcmanCaåTahrNm_ Yy, yayeTogVnCYbyuvCnm~ak'eQµaHra\" . enA´f©TI23-1-93 evlaem\"ag1resol yuvCn

GgkarCanrNa ? 33ra\"Vnra\"yra\"b'®Vb'yayeTognUvkll∫icevotkugdUcteTA – kalBIExmifuna1970, eXIjevotkugcUlmkkan'PUmieJFivgß enAext†s√ayerogEdlkumarra\"Vnrs'enABItUc . vaedIrGugGat'JseBjPUmi, luHevotkugfyecjput ®sab'EtkV\"l'ehaHyYnxagt∫ËgehaHmkTm¬ak'®Kab'EbkVj'rHbMp¬ajexÊcxIÊPUmienaHeTA . kV\"l'ehaHecjput evotkugk*cUlmkvijrYcva®bmUl®bCaCnExµrTSgGs'[eTAenAkEn¬gmYyEdlvarMedaHVnrYcehIyvaerobcMVyTwk[Cnrge®KaHbriePaKy\"agbribUN·˘˘˘ b\"uEn†minyUrb\"unµaneT®sab'Etman®kumGaf·kMVMgcUlmkB&TÏVj'sm¬ab'y\"agsahav . vasm¬ab'Etmnusßcas'@ EtvaTukCIvit[yuvCnnigekµgtUc@ . luH®kumenHecjputEbrCaeXIjevotkugdEdlvil®tLb'mkvij . va®bmUlyuvCnnigkumar nSeTAbg˙at'yuTÏviFI rYcbJçËlk~¨gkgeyaFaExµr®khm . eBlenaHkumarra\"eTIbVnGayu9q~S ®tUvVnevotkugekNÎ[eTAeFI√eyaFaCamYynwgeKEdr . evotkugbJçËleTAk~¨gkg®tIkJç¨H vabMEbkekµg@Ca®kum@ manK~a15nak'k~¨gmYy®kum @varuj[edIrmuxT&B . ´f©mYyenAk~¨gq~S1972 ®kumrbs'ra\"®tUvs¬ab'Gs'14nak' sl'Etra\"m~ak'‰gKt' . ra\"tk's¬¨tCax¬Sg eTIbdac'cit†pßge®Bgrt'eKcecjTal'EtVnenArs'rhUtTal'sB√´f©enH . ra\"bJÇak'eTotfa – evotkugj¨Hjg'Bn¥l'fa sÂgamenHbN†almkBIelakln'-nl'nigGaemrikSgdeNI†mGMNacBIsem†c“ .l. edaysarmU-lehtuenH VnCaeyaFaExµr®khmTSgenaHduHKMnity\"agmute®CA fa®tUvEtkMeTcExµrln'-nl', kMeTcc®kBti†GaemrikSg, rMedaHEdndIykmkf√aysem†c“vijEtb\"ueNˆaH . tSgBIbUdUydkfyeTAlak'x¬Ány\"agenHmk, yYnevotkugcat'EcgEtgtSgKN:kmµkarBiess lblYccUlmkkan'®sukExµrBinit¥sƒankarNs_ wk˘˘˘dUec~HebIraÂs†Exµrs¬Ët®tg'NaP&n†®cLM edIreTAeXIjvaeday´cdn¥ GgkarbJÇa[cab'raÂs†Exµrd*GP&B√enaH edayecaTfaedIrxusExße®tom . vavayeFI√TaruNkmµy\"agsahav rYcehIysm¬ab'ecaledIm∫IbMVt'Ps†¨tag . ®bCaCnExµrrge®KaHedaysarGgkarbJÇa[sm¬ab'tamrebobenHy\"age®cIn .l. ❑❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ? 34 CBM UkTI6‹ ®btikmµelaksWg-g\"ukfaj'e®kay®Biti†karN1_ 8mina !‹ elakln'-nl'cat'tSgelaksWg-g\"ukfaj' Canayk- rdΩmÂnI† !‹ ®bvti†seg≈brbs'elaksWg-g\"ukfaj' !®btikmµelaksWg-g\"ukfaj'e®kay®Biti†karN1_ 8mina70elaksWg-g\"ukfaj'CaG~kbegI˚tclnaExµresrI . dMNak'kalCadMbUg´nclnaExµresrI KWkarJr®bCaCnExµrPaKticEdlrs'enArV\"t'rV\"y≤tTIBwgdUcCaExµrkmı¨Cae®kamCaedIm . k~¨gq~S1970 clnaExµresrImankgT&BcM-nYn3mWunnak' . e®kay®Bwti†karN´_ f©18mina70, elaksWn-g\"ukfaj'TTYlBt·mand*c∫as'karNf_ a ®beTsExµrekItsÂgam KWbUdUyCae®cInmWunnak'e®bIyIehaExµr®khm enAelIedIm®TUgJk'rUbes†csIhnuE®skCeyasem†c“ rYcelatvaykMeTcsm¬ab'Exµrln'-nl'EdlCamças'TwkdIBit@ .®sab'EtenA´f©27-4-70, elaksWn-g\"ukfaj'TTYlBt·manc∫as'kar-Nm_ keTotfa bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcsm¬ab'Exµr . enAeQIexµAext†kN†al bUdUyrukrancUly\"agelOnF¬aymkdl'taexµArhUtdl'k∫alf~l'.l. dUec~HelaksWn-g\"ukfaj'sMercCabnÊan'®tUvEtbJÇËnkgT&BExµr edIm∫ICYykarJrTwkdI . bJÇËnelIkTImYyenA´f©TI30-4-70 . bnÊab'mkelakTTYlBt·manmkfa enA´f©TI15-6-70 bUdUyCae®cInmWunk∫alecjmuxvaykMeTcsm¬ab'ExµrenAext†kMBg'FM . eBlenaHc∫SgTl'tYnwgkgT&BCatiExµr . dUec~HelaksWn-g\"ukfaj'bJÇËnkgT&BExµredIm∫ICYykarJrTwkdIm†geTot . bJÇËnelIkTI2enA´f©TI30-6-70 .bnÊab'mkeTot, elaktamdanseg˚tdwgc∫as'fasÂgamk~¨g®sukExµrKWyYnCaevotkugvaykMeTcsm¬ab'ExµrsahavCagsahav elakQb'raErk

GgkarCanrNa ? 35elaksMerceFI√Blikmµlb'clnaExµresrI rYcelak®bmUlkgT&BExµresrITSgGs'bJÇËncUlkan'®sukExµrCaelIkTI3enA´f©TI9-9-70 ®bKl'CUnelakln'-nl' rYcsMercdak'eQµaHfa « Em\"kh√&k » ( MIKE FORCE ) . ebIeyIge®bobeFobelaksWn-g\"ukfaj'nigelakln'-nl'elakTSgBIrenHmanÚkJr®bhak'®bEhlK~a . elaksWn-g\"ukfaj'Camnusßh~wgh~r minecHxwg®ceLat elakniyayticb\"uEn†mann&yTUlMTUlay elakmincMNayeBlelgesIc elakminEdl®b®Bwt†GI√[xUc®beyaCnC_ atieLIy . k~¨gmYyCIvitrbs'elak elakeFI√BlikmµlHbg'kicçkarpÊal'x¬ÁnedIm∫ICatiCanicç . ®beTskmı¨CaeyIgCMnan'enaH manelaksWn-g\"ukfaj'xMkarJrksagCatiBIVt´dTeTenAe®kA®beTs . elakTSgBIrnak'CavIrCnExµr manstism∫CÇJÔ:es~haCatiBit@ . elakTSgBIrnak'KµanKMnitrevIrvaycg'dwknS®beTsCatinigraÂs†Exµr[cuHj\"meFI√CaxM∆¨kJÇHbreTsNamYyeT ! . KYr[s†ayNas' ®Bwti†karN´_ f©TI18mina70ekIteLIgyWteBlNas'eTAehIy, e®JHeBlenaHbUdUykan'kab'TwkdIExµrGs'cMnYn2PaK3eTAehIy .åTahrNd_ UcCaeyIgrg'cSTwkCMnn' eLIglicdMbUlpÊHeTAehIyeTIbnSK~a®bev®bvarkTICMrk k*k¬aydl'nUvesckI†vinashinehacdl'TIsgÙwmEtm†g . enAExmina1972, elakesna®bmuxln'-nl'cat'EtgtSgelaksWn-g\"ukfaj'CanaykrdΩmÂnI† . enAExkJÔa1970 elaksWn-g\"ukfaj'manebIkGg®bCMumYyenATI®kugeJFisat' elakxMBn¥l'raÂs†ExµreGayyl'nUvsÂgam EdlkMBugekIteLIgy\"agsIusac'hutQamK~ay\"agenH KWeyIgc∫SgCamYyGaTmiLEdlCayYnevotkug mUlehtuenHeTIbelaksMerclb'clnaExµresrI rYcelak®bmUlkgT&BExµresrITSgGs'nSykmk®bKl' CUnelakesna®bmuxln'-nl'edIm∫IkarJrTwkdIExµrvij . eBlenaHmansaÂs†acar¥m~ak' k~¨gnamraÂs†Exµrext†eJFisat' e®kakeLIgsMusYrelaksWn-g\"ukfaj'fa ehtudUcem†cVnCaelakminQreQµaHCaebk≈Cn®bFanaFibtI ? elaksWn-g\"ukfaj'jjwm®BmTSgeqI¬yBn¥l'EvkEjkfa – G~kes~haCatiminEmnmanEtelak®bFanaFibtIeT ! G~kkarJrksagCatik*minEmnmanEt®bFanaFibtIEdr ! KW®tUvmaneyIgral'K~arYbrYmsamKIy\"agesµaH®tg'Gs'BIdYgcit† CYyelakeTIbGackarTwkdICatisasnaVnKg'vg'˘˘˘ « dUcmanJk¥

GgkarCanrNa ? 36bUraNmYyEdlVnEcgfa G~kmanrkßaxßt' dUcsMBt'B&TÏBIe®kA G~k®VC∆rkßaex¬A dUcsMeBAnUvsMV\"n˘˘˘ » . elaksWn-g\"ukfaj'bJÇak'bEnƒmfa – x¬Ánrbs'elaknigelakesna®bmuxln'-nl'dUcmnusßEtm~ak' . elakesna®bmuxhflaneFI√Blikmµ®Kb'Ebby\"ag edIm∫IkarJrTwkdI Cati sasnaenAk~¨g®beTs˘˘˘ cMENkelak@sµ&®Kcit†bMerIenAe®kA®beTs . enAq~S1972, yUnhaNUybJÇabUdUy[vaykMeTcbMp¬aj®sukExµredayykels facUlmkCYysem†csIhnu . dUec~Helak®tUvEteFI√Blikmµ®Kb'Ebby\"ag edIm∫ICYyelakesna®bmuxln'-nl' karJrCati TwkdI nigsasna . luHelaksWg-g\"ukfaj'Ef¬gcb'nUvJk¥eBcnd_ *manx¬wmsarenHehIy ®bCaraÂs†ExµrTH´dækgrMBg sresIrmindac'BImat' ekr†ei_ QµaHrbs'elakæl∫IsuHsay j¨Sg[namWunBukrlYyEdlGg¨ycSEtertamx¥l'enACMuvijelakesna®bmux Tas'cit† manesckI†Vrm∏ nig®cENnQ~anis . BYkenHk*begI˚tXatkrGaf·kMVMgmYy®kum[tamsm¬ab'elak . ´f©mYy®kumXatkrlbBYnEk∫rvSgxagekItvalemru lYcVj'sm¬ab'elak Et®Kab'kSePI¬gk*®ClYseTA®tUvGgrkßrbs'elaks¬ab'P¬amenAnwgkEn¬g . luHelak®tLb'mkkan'TIlMenArbs'elakvij yb'enaHelakGg¨ybJŒrCgg' yk´d®Tcg˚aTl'P¬W . elak®s´meXIjeLIgvijnUvGnusßavrIyT_ SgGs' EdlelakxMeFI√BlikmµedIm∫Ikmı¨Ca‰kraC¥ dUckalBIq~S1943 elakmanesckI†k¬ahandwknS®BHsgÙnigraÂs†Exµr eFI√VtukmµedjVrSg CaehtueFI√[VrSgrkcab'x¬Ánelak elakk*rt'eKceTA®CksMNak'enA‰®beTsCb\"un . enA´f©TI9-5-1945 elakVnvil®tLb'mkkan'®beTskmı¨Cavij . ´f©TI6-10-1945 es†csIhnuyl'®Bm[VrSgcab'x¬Ánelak eTAkan'ext†B&reT¥r´_ n®beTsVrSg Gs'ry:eBl6q~S . enA´f©TI20-10-1951 VrSg®bKl'esrIPaB[elak elakk*vil®tLb'cUlmkkan'®beTskmı¨Cam†geTot .mkdl'matuPUmiP¬am elakbegI˚tsarBt·manmYyeQµaH « Exµre®kak » edIm∫Idas'etOnraÂs†Exµr[e®kakeLIgrYbrYmcgVc'K~aedjVrSg . e®kayenaHmkbni†c ®kumraCvSgXubXitCamYyVrSgbwTkaEstenaH rYceKbMrugcab'x¬Ánelakm†geTot . elakdwgx¬ÁnTan'k*rt'ePosx¬ÁneTAkan'P~MdgErk enA´f©TI9-3-1952 cUlrYbrYmCamYy®kumExµr≤sßr: edIm∫IvaykMeTcedjVrSgTamTarkmı¨Ca‰kraC¥ .

GgkarCanrNa ? 37 ®beTskmı¨CaVn‰kraC¥bribUN·enA´f©TI9-11-1954 elaksWg-g\"ukfaj'erobcMx¬ÁncUlmkrYbrYmk~¨gsgmCatiEdr b\"uEn†es†csIhnueCOGamIuGaefagCMTas'minTTYl . elakjjwmedIrcakecjBIkmı¨Ca Tuk[Gs'elak . elakmanvicarN-JÔaNKitdl'GnaKt´n®bCaCnExµrPaKtic Edlrs'enArV\"t'rV\"yk~¨g®b-eTsesom nigmYyPaKFMenAkmı¨Cae®kam‰eNaH dUckUnkM®J . dUec~HkaleNaH CYnkalelaksMNak'enAkmı¨Cae®kam edIm∫IrkmeF¥aVyCYykarJr®bCaCnExµrkM®JGs'TSgenaH . luHdl'q~S1958 eTIbelakcab'epI†mbegI˚tclnaExµresrI BIVt´dTeTKµanGI√CaFnFanTal'EtesaH . elakmanesckI†k¬ahaneFI√Blikmµ®Kab'Ebby\"ag sMGageTAelIesckI†es~haCatid*mutEdlecjBIebHdUgd*esµaH®tg'Bit®Vkdrbs'elakCaKMrUEtb\"ueNˆaH . CadMbUgmanK~aEt140nak'˘˘˘ bn†@mkelakbegI˚tVnkgT&BExµresrIenA®beTs´fVnCae®cInrynak'˘˘˘ luHe®kaymkelakyl'fa sƒankarNr_ vag´fnigExµr KµanGI√KYr[®BYyVrm∏eT elakk*ecjbJÇa[emkgT&BExµresrIenA®beTs´fnSkgT&BTSgGs' sMucuHcUlraCkarP~MeBjcuH . cMENkelakelakxM®bwgB®gwgB®gIkkgT&BExµresrIsiƒtenAkmı¨Cae®kam [Vnrwgbwugnigs√its√aj . kaleNaH eTaHes†csIhnuE®skeCr®beTctamviT¥¨ecaTfak∫t'y\"agNa k*elaksWg-g\"ukfaj'minEdleqI¬ytbTal'EtesaH . enAeBlNaEdlG~kkaEstsYrelak elakeqI¬yfa – G~kes~haCatimincSVc'GYtGageT˘˘˘ eyIgxMEteFI√kar[esµaH®tg'cMeJHCati muxCaEP~k´n®bCaCnExµrsm¬wgeXIj˘˘˘ eKGacyl', eKnwgKS®T, eKnwgeqI¬yCMnYseyIgCaminxan . elaksWg-g\"ukfaj'nwkerOgGtitkaldl'®twmeNH elakk*®KvIk∫aldMGUjfa «{bgbÌËnExµreGIy ! dMNak'kary\"agenHeTAehIy critenAdEdl! » . emIlcuHelIkTI1 elakxMtsflU®Kb'Ebby\"ag luH®taEtkmı¨CaVn‰kraC¥d*bribUN· . edaysarEtcrit®cENnninÊaQ~anisK~a eTIbelak®tUvcakec-jecal®beTskmı¨Ca rhUtdl'elakbegI˚tVnclnaExµresrI . ≤LËvenH®beTsExµrkMBug®tUvrge®KaHy\"agF©n'´®kElg e®JHKUbdibk≈Edl®tUvvaykMeTc®beTsExµr KWyYnhaNUyEdlrg'cS{kasenHyUrehIyedIm∫Ie®bIyIehaExµr®khm edayykelsfa mkCYyes†csIhnu .

GgkarCanrNa ? 38 {eTvtaeGIy ! eFI√y\"agdUcem†ceTA ? EtedIm∫ICIvitrbs'elak elak®tUvEtcakecjBI®beTskmı¨Cam†geTotCadac'xat . ®BwkEsÌkelaksWg-g\"ukfaj'k*cUleTACYbelakesna®bmuxln'-nl'sMulaQb'ecjBImuxdMENgnaykrdΩmÂnI†TI1 . elakbnßl'kgT&BExµresrITSgGs'cMnYn3mWunnak' EdlelakxMtsflUxMbegI˚ty\"aglMVk Tuk[enACYy®beTsExµr . elaksMup†SnigBn¥l'elakesna®bmuxfa – « kgT&BExµresrImanstism∫CÇJÔ:es~haCatiBit@ KWtSgBIkekIteLIgsµ&®Kcit†bMerICatiminEdlTamTar®Vk'Ex minBukrlYyeT mansamKIy\"agrmYt . ®kumenHdUcst√x¬a b\"uEn†minEdlsal'…sIusac'eT ! ®tUv®by&t~kMubgab'[x¬aenHsIusac' ! .CaBiesselakFM@CaembJÇakar ®tUvmanyuti†Fm· ®tUvsal't´m¬®kumenH .e®JH®kumenHmanÚkJeqIµg minecHlut®kab minecHEGbGb minecHbeJIçcbeJIçeT b\"uEn†Ep~kvayswkmankarBiesaFny_ \"ag®Kb'®Kan' sÊat'CMnaj rwgbwug®BmTSgsal'c∫as'las'nUvkll∫icxµSg KWbUdUy . ®kumenHecHbMeBjkrNIkicçnigPar:kicçy\"ageBjelj dwgc∫as'fax¬ÁnCaTahan ®tUvEtkMeTcxµSgedIm∫IkarJrCati TwkdI nigsasna . CasrubesckI†eTA ebIembJÇakarecHdwg eKGacnwgTTYlpld*Kab'®b-esIrVn » . elaksWg-g\"ukfaj'p†SepI∆sB√®Kb'rYcehIy elakk*{belakesna®bmu-xln'-nl' sMulaeTAkan'®beTsevotNamxagt∫Ëg KWkmı¨Cae®kam . elakcakecjBI®beTskmı¨Ca cakecjBIelakesna®bmuxln'-nl' cakecjBIkgT&BExµresrIrbs'elakcMnYn3mWunnak' eTAEtVt´dTeTCamYyGgrkßrb-s'elakeQµaHfac'-eTOg enAExtulaq~S1972 . ❑❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ? 39 CBM UkTI7‹ ®btikmµBI®bCaBlrdΩExµre®kay®Bwti†karN1_ 8mina70 !‹ raCkarExµrmineGIeBInwgCIvPaBraÂs† !‹ GMeBIBukrlYyEp~kkgT&B !‹ karsm¬ab'elakfac'-Ca !‹ elaksuTÏ-b\"Ulin®tUvrt'ecal®suk ! ®btikmµBI®bCaBlrdΩExµre®kay®Bwti†karN1_ 8mina70! enA´f©TI18-3-1970 evlaem\"ag1resol ®bCaBlrdΩExµr®Kb'Can'f~ak'®Kb'vNˆ: mankarP∆ak'rMePIbjab'j&rmYyEP¬t e®JHminsµanTal'EtesaHfa®beTsExµrEbreTACaman®Bwti†karNT_ m¬ak'sem†csIhnu BItMENg®bmuxrdΩy\"agenH . b\"uEn†raÂs†ExµrcUlcit†rs'enAedays©b'es©øm minecHk∫t' …riHKn'elakFM@ EdlCaemdwknS®beTsCatieT . em@dwknScg'eFI√GI√k*eFI√eTAcuH e®JH®bCaraÂs†ExµrPaKe®cInminykcit†Tukdak'xagEp~kneyaVyeLIy . ra®s†nignamWunminsUvmankarTak'TgCitditrvagK~anigK~aeT . emIlcuH ! ®KYsarNamankUnBI10eTA14nak'k*eday˘˘˘ ciJçwmx¬Án‰gcuH !raCkarKµaneGIeBInwknaåbtƒm∏GI√eT . ®KYsarNacg'[kUneron nSeTAcuH˘˘˘ ®KY-sarNanSkUneTAsIuQ~Ál …nSeTAlk'[eFI√xM∆¨kJÇHeK k*nSeTAcuH . ebIkUnQW®KYsarG~kman®TB¥nSkUneTArkeBT¥Q~Áledayx¬Án‰g cMENk‰®KY-sarG~k®kxßt' ciJçwmkUnrs'edaypßge®BgsMNagTSgGs', raCkarKµaneGIeBIeLIy . dUec~HraÂs†ExµrEdlsucrit KitEtBI®bkbrbrksikmµ KWkab'Kas'dSduH edIm∫IrkePaKplmkciJçwm®KYsartamykfakmµEtb\"ueNˆaH . mUlehtuenH eBlraÂs†ExµrTTYldMNwgfaelakln'-nl'Tm¬ak'sem†csIhnu ®bCaBlrdΩExµrTUTSg®beTs Edlrs'enAk~¨gtMbn'saFarNrdΩ man

GgkarCanrNa ? 40karesaks†aysem†cEtmYyEP¬tb\"ueNˆaH rYcehIyk*bMeP¬ceTA . ®Kb'@K~amanlMnwgnwgnr xMkab'Kas'dSduH xMrs'sIuciJçwm®KYsarvijeTA . m\"¥agvijeTot ®bCaBlrdΩExµrsal'elakln'-nl'y\"agc∫as'las' manesckI†sgÙwmnigTukcit†elIelak . elakCavIrCnd*sÌatsÌM, elakmanstism∫CJÔ:es~haCati, elakesµaH®tg'cMeJHCati, elakEfmTSgKitcg'rMedaHkmı¨Cae®kameTotpg. elakminecHGYtGag minecHxwg®ceLat elakminsUvVnevahaeT . elakmanedImkMeNItBIraÂs†Fmµta muxCaelaknSmknUvyuti†Fm·CUnra-Âs†ExµrCaminxan . b\"uEn†CaerOgKYr[s†ayNas' e®JH®Bwti†karN´_ f©18mina1970 vayWteBlNas'eTAehIy, yYnhaNUyCaevotkugVnkan'kab'TwkdIExµrGs'2PaK3rYceTAehIy . m\"¥agvijeToteBlelakln'-nl'eLIgCaemdwknSExµr rUbelak®tUveraKaJFebotebony\"agF©n' minGnuJÔat[elakbM-eBjkrNiykicçVnditdl' [VneBjelj bN†al[®kumnamWunBukrlYyeq¬øt{kasB&TÏelakCMuCit . rI‰elakG~ksÌatsÌMminGaccUlCYbelakCM-rabkarBitVneLIy . ebIelakG~kNahflancUlCYbCMrabkarBit KW®tUv®kumvasm¬ab' manåTahrNx_ ¬H@dUcteTA – manvresniyeTam~ak'eQµaH daj'-dU CatiExµrkmı¨Cae®kam . elakCaecAh√ay®suk®takUv ext†®tavij kmı¨Cae®kam . elakdwgnigyl'c∫as'fa sÂgamk~¨g®sukExµreBlenH KWedImehtubN†almkBIyYnhaNUyCaevotkugvaGnuvt†tambN†SexµachU-CImijEdlfa – « ®tUvEtB¥ayamykTwkdIkmı¨CaedIm∫IB®gIkbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin » . dUec~HelakvresniyeTasuxcit†rt'ecalmuxtMENg rt'ecalbuN¥s&ki†d*åt†¨gåt†m lHbg'ecal®KYsar sµ&®Kcit†bUCaCIvit eFI√BlikmµmkCYyrMedaHTwkdIExµr . kaleNaHelakesna®bmuxln'-nl'TTYlelaky\"agrIkray ®BmTSgbMJk's&ki†dEdlCUnelakvijE®beQµaHCa daj'-vDÛna rYccat'EtgtSgelakCaembJÇakarkgvresnaFM .elakdaj'-vDÛnasµ&®Kcit†nST&BecjeTATb'Tl'cMeJHxµSgCanicç . elakl∫IeQµaHBIerOgttbcMeJHxµSg TTYlC&yCMnHd*Kab'®besIr . kaleNaHxµSgKWyYnhaNUyCabUdUye®bIyIehaExµr®khm . ekr†ei_ QµaHelakdaj'-vDÛnaj¨Sg[emT&BEdlJk's&ki†eBjelIsµa Gg¨yEtk~¨gkariyal&ycSertamx¥l' ekItkI†®cENnQ~anis .

GgkarCanrNa ? 41 man´f©mYy, kgT&Brbs'elakdaj'-vDÛnakMBugCab'´dsÌitvayCamYybUdUyenACYrP~M®bsiTiÏ eBlenaHkgT&BCitGs'®Kab' elakeFI√dMeNIrcUlkan'rdΩFanIP~MeBj edIm∫IsMubEnƒm®Kab'rMesv . ®sab'EtelakFMTTYlxus®tUvxage®KOgsaÂs†avuF EbrCaTar´f¬TwkEtsin˘˘˘ manJk¥ccamGaramfa Tar50mWunerol . elakdaj'-vDÛnaP∆ak'swgEtsn¬b' e®JHelakBMudwgCaeTArkluyd*e®cInelIslb'enHenA‰Na . elakQr{b´dKitfa KYr[QWcit†Nas'˘˘˘elakxMb†ËrCIvitmkCYykmı¨Ca suxcit†lHbg'cakecal®KYsar muxgarnigbu-N¥s&ki†Bit@ mkJk's&ki†vresniyeTa EdlenA®sukExµrCas&ki†eKTijJk'e®Jg®JtedIreBjEtpßar . nwkeXIjsB√®Kb' elakmYem\"Ak*THkMeP¬øgåt†mesniym~ak'EdlCaG~kTTYlxus®tUvbrik≈aTSgenaH ®BmTSgbJÇak'fa – enH50mWunerolTTYlyksincuH ! . elakdaj'-vDÛnaGP&B√manerOgdEdl@2dgeTot . bnÊab'BIerOgTI3elakk*VnTTYllixitmYyc∫ab'BIkariyal&y®bmuxrdΩ EdlmanhtƒelxapÊal'´drbs'elakesna®bmuxpg bJŒb'pÌakelakmin[eFI√karteTAeTot . kaleNaHk~¨grdΩaPiVlsaFarNrdΩExµr kgT&BEdlmancMnYn®Kb'®twm®tUv edayKuNbMNac'sÂgam EdlVnTTYlkarGb'rMEp~kyuTÏsaÂs†y\"ag®twm®tUv ecHcat'EcgmanT®mg'®besIr mankarBiesaFnd_ *®Kb'®Kan' Edll∫IecHc∫SgtTl'cMeJHxµSg ®BmTSgsal'kll∫icxµSg CaBiesssal'nigeKarBkrNiykicç – KWyl'faeFI√Tahan®tUvhflanBlikmµCIvit edIm∫IkarJrCati TwkdI sasna ®BmTSgmansµartIrwgbwug tsflUsi√ts√aj KWkgT&BEm\"kh√&kßGtItkgT&BExµresrI EdlmancMnYn3mWunnak', hflanlHbg'ecal®KYsar s&µ®Kcit†eFI√BlikmµbUCasac'QammkCYykarJr®beTskmı¨Ca manekr†ie_ QµaHl∫Il∫ajGsçar¥ TTYleCaKC&yswg®Kb'smrPUmi KY[mansgÙwm . kgT&BenHmankMhusmYytUcKWminecHlut®kab EGbGb beJIçcbeJIçr EteKarBkrNi-ykicçkMeTcxµSgKWyYnbUdUy edIm∫IkarJrTwkdI Cati sasnaEtb\"ueNˆaH . mUlehtuenHj¨Sg[emT&BenAkmı¨CakN†almineBjcit† EfmTSgekItesckI†®cENn . emIlcuHkgT&BEm\"kh√&kßCab'´ds√itkMBugkMeTcxµSg CitGs'®Kb'rMesv k*cat'tMNagcUlkan'rdΩFanIP~MeBjsMuCMnYy ®sab'EtGs'elakEdlCaG~kTTYlxus®tUvEp~kbrik≈aTSgenaH EbrCaTar´f¬TwkEt50mWuneroleTAvij . emIlcuH ! eKcab'epI†mbgab'x¬a[ecHsIusac'ehIy ! . bJ˙ad*sµ¨KsµajrebobenHekItmanelIgCajwkjab' eTIbmanelakvres

GgkarCanrNa ? 42niyeTad*ekµgm~ak'eQµaH <fac'-Ca> elakGt'®TSminVnnwgGMeBIGyuti†Fm·Gs'TSgenH . elakk*cUleTAkan'kariyal&ybrik≈aTSgenaH ehIyhflansI†benÊasåt†mesniyx¬HEdlCaG~kTTYlxus®tUv . ®BwkEsÌkelakk*®bfuyCIvitcUleTACYbelakesna®bmuxln'-nl' edIm∫IraykarNC_ MraberOgTSgGs'enH . eq¬øt{kasCMrabbEnƒmBIerOgTMnijnanaeLIg´f¬BI1eTA100 eTIbelakdwgfakgvresnatUcnimYy@ manEtemTahancMENk‰kUnTahanmin®Kb'cMnYneT . e®kaybni†cmk edaynamWunBukrlYymanK~ae®cInelIslb'vak*j¨Hjg'[kUnsisßeFI√Vtukmµ rkelsepßg@ edIm∫Ivaysm¬ab'elakvresniyeTad*ekµgnigd*k¬ahanenH . BYkvaVnsMercKMeragkarN_ edaysm¬ab'elakVnenAkN†alTI®kugP~MeBjna´f©TI4 mifuna q~S1974 rYcehIyvaeVHexµacelakvresniyeTaecaleTAk~¨gTen¬bYnmuxeTA . elakvresniyeTa fac'-Ca ®tUvBYknamWunBukrlYysm¬ab'Vt'eTA rI‰bgbÌËnmit†Pki†rbs'elakminhflanehIbmat'eT e®JHx¬acGMNac®kumBukrlYytamB¥aVT . eBlenaHelak suTÏ-b\"Ulin cagh√agkaEstnKrFM ( kkn – elaksuTÏb\"Ulin®tUvCamit†Pki†y\"agCits~iTÏCamYyelakfac'-Ca ehIyCaG~kVndwgerOgra\"vTSgGs'enHy\"agc∫as'las' ) manesckI†k¬ahan eFI√BlikmµsresrEvkEjknUvXatkmµd*sahavminEdlmank~¨g®bvti†saÂs† ´ns~a´d®kumnamWunBukrlYy cuHk~¨gkaEstnKrFM elxBiessmYy Edlmane®cInTMB&r . ®kumBukrlYyykkarNd_ wg vabMrugcab'x¬Ánelak elakk*beJçjkaEstlk'pßaymun´f©kMNt' rYcelakcakecjBI®sukrhUtmkdl'sB√´f©enH . elakfac'-Ca®tUveKsm¬ab'Vt'eTA, elaksuTÏ-b\"Ulin®tUvrt'ecal®suk,namWunsÌatsÌMeTACaKSgmat'KµanhflankMerIk . ®kumnamWunBukrlYyk*B&TÏelakln'-nl'y\"agCMuCit . tSgBIeBlenaHmk elakesna®bmuxElgVnTTYlBt·manGI√BitTal'EtesaH . ®kumBukrlYyCaBiessEp~kkgT&Bcab'epI†meFI√CMnYj KWlk'elxkgvresnatUc lk'buN¥s&ki†k~¨gq~S1974-1975 KWåb-maebImanembJÇakarNam~ak's¬ab' eKcat'karlk'eQµaH s&ki† kgvresnatUcenaHP¬am . enAkaleNaH tMNagraÂs† saÂs†acar¥ ®KUbe®gon emXMurt'ecalkEn¬gEbrCaeTATijs&ki†Jk'e®Jg®Jt . etIJk's&ki†nSTahaneTAkMcat'xµSg… ?˘˘˘ eT ! eT ! minEmnnSTahaneTAvayxµSgeT . emIlcuHelakembJÇakarTijs&ki†Jk'eBjelIsµa rYccab'cat'EcgeFI√bJIÇ

GgkarCanrNa ? 43kUnTahanEdlmanEteQµaH manEtrUbft KµanmnusßeT edIm∫IebIkluyecjBIX¬SgykeTAsg´f¬kgvresnatUc sg´f¬s&ki†Edlx¬ÁnVnTij˘˘˘ manelakx¬HJk's&ki†eBjelIsµa EteTAGg¨yrt'BnÏeTAvij . luHGMeBIBukrlYyKµan®BMEdnk~¨gkgT&BekItmaneLIgk~¨grebobenaH bN†al[luykak'kan'EtefakeTA@ e®JHQ~Álcineq¬øt{kasenaHKitEtBIBWttemI¬g´f©TMnij®kWt@ . åTahrNk_ alBIq~S1970 sac'®CUkmYyKILË´f¬12erol, KuyTavmYycan´f¬5erol, Gg˚rmYyVvTm©n'100KILË´f¬300erol . enAq~S1975 sac'®CUkmYyKILË´f¬1250erol, KuyTavmYycan´f¬500erol, Gg˚rmYyVvTm©n'100KILË´f¬35,000erol . dUec~HTMnijTUeTAeLIg´f¬Cag100dg . elakln'-nl'KµandwgGI√Tal'EtesaH . eBlenaHG~krdΩkarsÌatsÌMs¬Ët®tg'cMeJHCati dl'eBldac'eJHs¬ab' e®JH®Vk'ExTijEtGg˚rmYyVvmin®Kb'pg .®Kb'@K~aeq¬øteBlciJçwmman' Ta ®CUk . cMENkelakFM@dUcCaelakrdΩmÂnI† elakåt†mesniy elakvresniyeTa elakvresniy‰k elakvresniy®tI elaksaÂs†acar¥ elakvis√krelakevCÇbNiÎt nig®KUeBT¥CaedIm k~¨g®kbx&NÎBit@EdleFI√karbMerICatitambecçkeTserog@x¬Ány\"agsucritenaH minGac®b®Bwt†nUvGMeBIBukrlYydUcnamWunCMnan'fIµ KWelatminTan'eK k*F¬ak'Twkcit†Gs'sgÙwm k*duHcit†revIrvay G-g¨yrg'cSertamx¥l'vij . ®Kb'@K~ayl'®cLMy\"agF©n'CagF©n'fa rbbNak*edayeK®tUvkarG~kecHdwg EdlmanbecçkeTsy\"ag®Kb'®Kan' eTaHbIsem†csIhnu Edlmanelakexov-sMpnKS®TdeNI†mVnGMNacBIelakln'-nl'vil®tLb'mk®Kb'®Kg®beTskmı¨Cavijk*eday kicçkarrdΩ®tUvEtF¬ak'mkelI®kumx¬ÁndEdl . emIlcuH ! elakFM@TSgenaHmindwgx¥l'Tal'EtesaH karBitsÂgamenHmanKUbdib&k≈Gaf·kMVMg KW®kumGatitExµrevotmij nigbUdUyCae®cInmWunnak' Edlbn¬Me®bIyIehaExµr®khm …e®bIyIehasem†c“‰eNaHeTAvijeT . manelakFM@mYyPaKeBlenaH ®tUvTTYlevraKWkmµpl e®JHelakF¬ab'Gg¨yertamx¥l' rYceVkExµr≤sßr: manelaksWg-g\"ukfaj', elakdab-QYn, elakekA-tk'CaedIm . emIlcuH ! BIq~S1945dl'1953 elakdab-QYnnigelakekA-tk'CaemdwknSExµr≤sßr: elakTSgBIrnak'sMNak'enAEtk~¨g´®B ®tUvmusTakxS xMtsflU

GgkarCanrNa ? 44®bqSgedjVrSg luH®taEtnKrExµrVn‰kraC¥bribUN·enA´f©TI9-11-53 .nKrkmı¨CaVn‰kraC¥P¬am ®kumExµr≤sßr:sMucuHcUlk~¨gsgmExµredIm∫Iksagkmı¨CafIµTSgGs'K~a . eBlenaHelakFM@EdlGg¨yrg'cSertamx¥l' EdlecHEtlut®kab k*VnsMercTTYleCaKC&yEmn . ®Kb'@K~aVneLIgs&ki† rYcbMeP¬cKuNG~ktsflU minecHGt'{nGnue®KaHGb'rMK~a edIm∫ITukCYykarJr®beTseTAGnaKteT EbrCamancrit®cENnE®kgeKl∫ICagx¬Án k*nSK~aecaTG~ktsflUfaCaG~kk∫t'Cati rYcehIyk*elIkT&BeTAB&TÏVj'sm¬ab'ecalexÊc . ( erOgeKB&TÏVj'sm¬ab'elakdab-QYnenAq~S1959 edayecaTfak∫t'enaH xM∆¨mindwgfaCaerOgBit…eT˘˘˘ sUmbgbÌËnExµremt†aBicarNaedayx¬Án‰gcuH b\"uEn†karBitenaH dUcCarUbelaksWg-g\"ukfaj'k*eKmin[cUl®sukEdr ) . b\"uEn†xM∆¨s†ayGs'elakTSgenaHNas' Edlbg˚erOgeQ¬aHK~aEtCamYyExµrK~a‰g EdlCaG~kbMerIExµrBit@ . cMENk‰ExµrGay\"gbMerIyYnhaNUyKWGtitExµrevotmij EdlCas®tUvsIusac'hutQamrbs'Exµr EdlCaG~ksm¬ab'bMVt'BUCExµr KµanelakFMExµrTSgGs'enaHmansmtƒPaB®sav®CavrkeXIj…eFI√[®kumk∫t'CatiBit@enaH®BWeramvaeLIy . emIlcuH ! e®kaysni~siThßWENvk~¨gExkk˚daq~S1954 EdlVnsMerc[evotmijdkfyecjBI®beTsExµr yYnhaNUyCaevotmijeq¬øteBlenaHsMrSge®CIserIsExµrevotmijcMnYn1,000nak' nSykeTACamYy edIm∫IbMJk'eKalCMhrkumµ¨ynis†[VnqÌineqÌA . cMENk4Jn'nak'eTot vabnßl'TukJseBj®sukExµr edIm∫IeFI√CaExßry:eTAGnaKt . vabJÇa[rMlay®kumcUlsm©MQwgk~¨gTIggit rg'cSeBlevlalÌmkdl' . ( vaKµancUlsMucMNuHk~¨gsgmExµr‰kraC¥eT) . manembJÇakarmYyPaK®sLaj'nigesµaH®tg'cMeJHCati Kµansfl˜u®KlMuCamYybnBukrlYyeT . elakEtgEtnST&BeTATb'Tl'CamY-yxµSg˘˘˘ b\"uEn†cab'tSgBIcugeq~S1973mk k~¨gsmrPUminimYy@eKeXIjEtexµacExµrJseBj´®B mineXIjexµacbUdUydUceBlmun@eT . dUec~HmanGarmµN_rvatcit†cg'Qb'bn†sÂgam e®JHmincg'eXIjQambgbÌËnExµrhUteTA´f©muxeTot . cMENk‰raÂs†ExµrG~kE®scMkar eBlenaHk*KµaneXIjGI√Eb¬kBICMnan'munmkCMnan'e®kay KWeXIjEtbEnƒmTm©n'Caerogral'´f© k*E®bcit†revIrvay ehIyk*nwkfa ebIVnsem†c“Edlmanelakexov-sMpnCaemExµr®khmKS®T Vnvil®tLb'mk®Kb'®Kg'®beTsExµrvij®besIrNas' .

GgkarCanrNa ? 45 emIlcuHenAeBlenaH ! ®bCaBlrdΩExµrTUeTATSgraÂs†TSgnamWunG~krdΩ-kar®Kb'@Ep~k ®Kb'Can'f~ak' TSgTahan TSgsIuvil yl'®cLMy\"agF©n'Cag F©n'edaysµanfaP~k'ePI¬gsÂgamenH KWExµrln'-nl'm≈agc∫SgCamYyExµrsIhnu-exovsMpnm≈ageTot . ®bCaBlrdΩExµrmindwgTal'EtesaHfa manKUbdib&k≈Gaf·kMVMgBYnlak'x¬Ánk~¨gTIggit lYce®bIyIehaExµr®khm lYce®bIyI-ehasem†csIhnu rg'cS{kaslÌeTIbvae®kakeLIgm†gmYydMNak'@ bn¬Ms-m¬ab'bMVt'BUCExµr . etInrNaCaKUbdib&k≈Gaf·kMVMgenH ? KWGtitevotmijEd-lyYnhaNUyCaevotkugCaemdwknS CaG~kp†l'GavuF[®Kb'Fun ®BmTSgmanbUdUyCag1Esnnak' e®tomx¬Ánrg'cSp†l'km¬Sgsm©at' EdlCakm¬SgGmt:EdlvamanGavuF®besIrCagExµreyIg vamanExßry:EtmYyKt'y\"ag®twm®tUvhµt'ct' vacat'EcgmanT®mg'®besIrCagExµreyIg . åTahrNf_ a ´f©enH ExenH q~SenH etIva®tUvbeJçjExµrFunNa ? etIExµrFunenaH®tUveFI√GI√ ? .l. vabiun®bsb'e®bIkll∫ic CabÂJças'CabeN†ay vaecHcat'karVny\"agditdl'enAelIBiPBelak KµansasnN_ aGaceFI√dUcvaVneLIy . k~¨gq~S1974vakan'kab'TwkdI´®B®Bwkßarbs'ExµrVnswg3PaK4eTAehIy .l. ❑❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ? 46 CMBUkTI8‹ ehtudUcem†cVnCaman®Bwti†karN´_ f©17emsa1975 ?‹ karbegI˚tKN:kmµaFikarBiesscrcabJçb'sÂgam .‹ elakesna®bmuxln'-nl'cakecjBI®sukExµr .‹ Ggkar®tYt®ta®beTsExµr .‹ vibti†´nrdΩFanIP~MeBje®kay®Bwti†karN1_ 7emsa1975‹ vibti†´next†Vt'dMbge®kay®Bwti†karN1_ 7emsa1975‹ vibti†®suk´b\"line®kay®Bwti†karN1_ 7emsa1975 .‹ Ggkaredj®bCaCnecjBIlMenA .k~¨gq~S1974-1975 sÂgamkan'EteqHx¬SgeLIg@ raÂs†ExµrG~kE®scMkar®tUvxµSgsm¬ab'kMcayKµan®ta®bNI dUec~H®tUvEtnS®KYsarrt'ePosx¬ÁncUlkan'TI®kug®CksMNak'e®cIn≤tKNna . mUlehtuenHbN†al[karx√Hes∫øgGaharVnecaTeLIgy\"agx¬Sg . m\"¥agvijeTot raÂs†ExµrG~kE®scMkarminF¬ab'rs'enAcegÌøtcgÌl'Can'kelIK~a nigGt'kargareFI√y\"agenH kMBugFujfb' Fu-j®Tan'CinNaynwgsÂgam˘˘˘ ®sab'EtTTYlVnBt·manc∫as'karNK_ Yr[kk'ek†A KYr[mansgÙwmmkfa – tamry:®beTseGsflanCamit† eKCYyeFI√Gn†raKmne_ bIkkicçcrcaedIm∫IbJçb'sÂgam .enAeBlenaHelakL¨g-bUer\"t CardΩmÂnI†TI1´nrdΩaPiVlsaFarNrdΩExµrk*cab'epI†mcat'tSgKNkmµaFikarBiessmYymansmaCik13nak'KW –1- åt†mesniy sUkS-xUy ®bFan®BwTÏsPa