10th Tamil Guide by Surya Publications

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 143 5. brawi; f Ez;zwpt[ Fwpj;j bjhHpy;El;g tiuaiwiaf; TWf. brawi; f Ezz; wpt[ vd;gJ xU bray;jpll; tiut[. 6. brawi; f Ez;zwptpd; bghJthd gzp ahJ> kdpjdhy; Koak[ ; bray;fisak[ ; mtd; fodk; vdW; fUJk; brayf; isa[k; bra;afT; oaJ braw;if Ez;zwpt.[ 7. rdP htpy; kUjJ; tkidfspy; gadg; Ljj; gg; Lk; ,ae;jpu kdpjdpd; brayg; hLfisf; TWf. ŒŒ k UjJ; tkidfSfF; tUk; nehahspfspd; Fuiyak[ ; Kfj;ija[k; milahsk; fzL; mtuf; spd; nfs;tpfSf;Fg; gjpy; brhyf; pd;wd. ŒŒ rPd bkhHpapd; btt;ntW tl;lhu tHfF; fisa[k; Tl mit g[upe;J bfhzL; gjpy; mspf;fpd;wd. 8. `,yh~ vdD; k; bkdb; ghUs; FwpjJ; vGJf. ŒŒ ghuj !n; ll; t=f; p `,yh~ vd;Dk; ciuahL bkd;bghUis cUthf;fpa[ss; J. ŒŒ xU tpehof;Fg; gjj; hapuk; thof;ifahsuf; Sld; ciuahLk;. ŒŒ mtuf; Sf;fhd nritia ,izak; @yk; mspff; pwJ. 9. ,yh (ELA) vdg; jd; M=f; py tpupthf;fj;ij vGJf. ELA - Electronic Live Assistant 10. braw;if Ezz; wptpd; rpwg;g[ ahJ> ŒŒ braw;if Ezz; wpt[ bghjpej; ,aej; pu=;fSfF; Xat; [ njitapyi; y. ŒŒ brawi; f Ezz; wpthy; ghu;f;ft[k; nfl;ft[k; gu[ peJ; bfhss; t[k; Koa[k;. rpWtpdh 1. `bggg; u;~ Fwpg;g[ tiuf. ,ay; 4 ŒŒ $gg; hdpy; rhgl; ; t=;fp cUthf;fpa ,ae;jpu kdpjnd bgg;gu.; ŒŒ ,J cyf mstpy; tpwg; idahFk; xU nuhngh. ŒŒ tPl;Lf;F/ tzpfjJ; fF; g/; gogg; f[ ;F vd @dW; tif nuhnghff; s; css; d. ŒŒ ,it kdpjupd; KfghtidfspypUe;J czu;tf[ isg; gu[ peJ; bfhzL; mjw;nfwg; brayg; Lfpd;wd. ŒŒ b ggg; iu tuntw;ghsuhftk[ ; gzpahsuhftk[ ; tPLfspYk; tzpf epWtd=f; spYk; czt[ tpLjpfspYk; gad;gLj;Jfpwhu;fs.; 2. braw;if Ez;zwpt[ Fwpj;j bjhHpy; Elg; tiuaiwiaf; Twp tpsfF; f. tiuaiw : braw;if Ez;zwpt[ vd;gJ xU bkd;bghUs; my;yJ fzpdpr; brayj; pl;l tiut[ vdyhk.; totikg;g[ : xypg;gl=;fs/; vGj;Jfs/; fhbdhypfs/; xypfs; nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J fw;Wf; bfhsS; k; bkdb; ghUis Muhar; r; pahsu;fs; totikf;fpd;wdu;. KobtLfF; k; jpwd; : ,e;j bkdb; ghUs; mwpitf; bfhzL; jdfF; tUk; g[jpa gj[ pa NHe; piyfspy; kdpjiug; nghy jhnd KobtLf;Fk; jpwDilaJ. www.tnpscjob.com

144 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; 4 rpwgg; [ : brawi; f Ezz; wpt[ bghjpej; ,aej; pu=;fSf;F Xa;t[ njitapy;iy. braw;if Ezz; wpthy;ghuf; f; tk[ ;nfl;ftk[ ;g[upe;Jbfhs;st[k;Koa[k;.kdpjdhy;Koa[k;brayf; isa[k; mtd; fodk; vdW; fUJk; bray;fisak[ ; braa; f;ToaJ brawi; f Ezz; wpt.[ 3. bkae; pfu; cjtpahsu; gww; p tptup. cjt[ bkd;bghUs; : jpwd; ngrpapy; ,a=F; k; cjt[ bkd;bghUs; fz;Qf;Fg; g[ygg; lhj kdpjidg; nghy ekK; ld; ciuaho rpy cjtpfisr; bra;fpwJ. brayg; hLfs; : ŒŒ ,k;bkd;bghUs; ehk; brhyY; fpwtu;fSfF; j; bjhiyngrp miHg;g[ tpLfF; k.; ŒŒ ehk; jpwff; f; fl;lisapLfpw braypiaj; jpwfF; k;. ŒŒ ehk; nfl;gij cyhtpapy; njLk;. ŒŒ ehk; tpUk;g[k; mHfhd ftpijia ,izaj;jpy; njoj; jUk.; ŒŒ vej; f; filapy; vJ tpwF; k; vdW; k; brhyY; k;. ŒŒ gogg; jw;F cupa E}yf; isg; glo; aypLk;. ŒŒ ehk; vLj;j xspgg; l=;fisg; gw;wpf; fUjJ; iuf;Fk;. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; : vjpuf; hyj;jpy; ek; ez;gu;fs/; FLk;gjj; pdu; Mfpnahiu tplt[k; ,J nghdw; bkae; pfu; cjtpahsu; eki; k edF; mwpe;jpUfF; k;. 4. xspg;glff; Utpapy; braw;if Ez;zwpt[ FwpjJ; RUff; p tiuf. ŒŒ rpy cau;tifj; jpwd;ngrpapd; xspgg; lff; Utp/ braw;if Ez;zwpt[j; bjhHpy; Elg; ji; jf; bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. ŒŒ fltr[ ; brhyY; k; ifnuifak[ ; bfhzL; jpwdn; grpiaj; jpwg;gJ gHikahdJ. ŒŒ cupikahsupd; Kfji; j milahsk; fz;L jpwgg; J ,di; wa bjhHpyE; lg; k;. ŒŒ glk; vLf;Fk; fhlr; pia milahsk; fz;L mjw;F Vwg; jdi; dj; jftikj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. ŒŒ j pwd;ngrpapy; css; xspgg; lf; fUtpapy; vLfF; k; gl=f; is bkUTl;l ,j;bjhHpyE; l;gk; cjt[fpwJ. gad;fs; : fhbzhypfisj; bjhFf;Fk; bkd;bghUsf; spy; brawi; f Ez;zwpt[j; bjhHpy; El;gk; gadg; LfpwJ. neuk; tPzhtJ jtpuf; ;fgg; LfpwJ. 5. braw;if Ezz; wptpd; bghJthd TWfis tpsf;Ff. ŒŒ ek;ik mwpahknyna ek; thHf; i; fiaak[ /; tzpfji; ja[k; tsgg; Lj;JfpwJ. ŒŒ ,jb; jhHpy; El;gj;ijf; fzL; mrr; g;gLgtu;fspd; mywy;fis ehk; vjpu;bfhs;tnj Kjy; miw Tty.; ŒŒ x tb; thU gj[ pa fzL; gpog;g[fSk; mwpKfkhFk; nghJ gj[ pa totpy; khw;wk; bgWfpdw; d. ŒŒ kdpj ,dji; jj; jP=;FfspypUe;J fhgg; hww; p/ cly; eyj;ijg; ngQfpwJ. ŒŒ bfhoa neha;fisj; bjhlff; epiyapnyna fz;lwpej; y;/ kUj;Jtiug; nghy gupe;Jiu bra;jy; nghd;w nkwf; z;l brayg; hLfspy; brawi; f Ez;zwpitg; gadg; LjJ; k; Muha;rr; pfs; ele;J tUfpdw; d. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 145 6. ePtpu; mwpej; brawi; f Ez;zwptg[ ; gad;ghL @dw; pid vGJf. ,ay; 4 ŒŒ fz;fhzpg;gf[ ; fUtpapy; bghjpej; pUf;Fk; brawi; f Ez;zwpt[ gytpj=f; spy; cjtpahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ŒŒ tHpfhlo; tiuglkhfj; jpwdn; grpapypUeJ; braw;if Ez;zwpt[ gazk; brag; tu;fSf;F tHpfhlL; fpwJ. ŒŒ braw;if Ezz; wpitf; bfhz;l ,ae;jpuk; kdpju;fSld; rJu=f; k; Kjyhd tpisahl;Lfis tpisahLfpwJ. ŒŒ fz; mWit kUjJ; tk; braf; pwJ. ŒŒ rikff; pwJ. ŒŒ rpy gs[ s; pfis itjJ; g; glk; tiufpwJ. 7. Kf;fhyf; fy;tpawpt[ FwpjJ; vGJf. Ke;ija fy;tpawpt[ : xU fhyjj; py; thH;fi; fapy; Kd;ndWtjw;F vGjg; gof;fj; bjupej; fy;tpawpnt nghJkhdjhf ,Uej; J. Mdhy; ,dW; / fyt; pawpt[ld; kpd;dQf; fyt; pawpita[k; kpd;dQr; rei; jgg; LjJ; jiya[k; mwpe;jpUjj; y; ntz;Lk;. ,J thHf; ;ifia vspjhff; tk[ ; tzpfj;jpy; btw;wpailat[k; cjtf[ pwJ. vjpuf; hyf; fyt; pawpt[ : vjpu;fhyj;jpy; brawi; f Ez;zwpt[ gw;wpa mwpt[k; ehd;fhtJ bjhHpw; gu[ lr; papd; bjhHpy; Elg; =f; isg; gadg; LjJ; k; mwpt[nk eki; k tsg;gLj;Jk.; 8. rdP ehlo; y; mike;Js;s jkpH;f; fy;btlL; FwpjJ; vGJf. Ntdb; rs JiwKf efu; : rPd ehlo; y; fhz;ld; efUfF; tlfn; f 500 fy; bjhiytpy; css; J. Ntdb; rs JiwKf efu;. jkpH; tzpfu; : Ntdb; rs JiwKf efUfF; j; jkpH; tzpfu; moff; o teJ; brd;wdu;. rptd; nfhtpy; : ŒŒ jkpHu;fspd; tut[ fhuzkhf rPdhtpy; rptd; nfhtpy; fl;Lkg; oahf mee; hl;L kdd; u; Fg;yhaf; hd; Mizapl;lhu.; ŒŒ ,k;kdd; uJ Mizgg; o ,fn; fhtpy; fl;lg;gll; J vdj; jkpH;f; fyb; tlL; xd;W ,fn; fhtpypy; css; J. ŒŒ ,f;nfhapypy; nrhHuf; hyr; rpwg; =f; s; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. www.tnpscjob.com

146 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; 4 beLtpdh 1. braw;if Ez;zwpt[ bfhzl; fzpdp/ bkdb; ghUs/; ,aej; pu kdpjd; Fwpj;j braj; pfisj; bjhFj;bjGJf. Fwpgg; r[ r; ll; k; KdD; iu ntuL; !k; pj; ,yh thlr; d; bggg; u; Koti[ u KdD; iu: braw;if Ez;zwpt[ vd;gJ xU bkdb; ghUs; my;yJ fzpdpr; brayj; pll; tiut[ MFk.; ,J bghjpej; ,ae;jpu=f; SfF; Xat; [ njitapyi; y. ntu;L!;kpj:; ŒŒ ,jHpaypy; bkhHpeilia cUthfF; k; bkd;bghUspd; bgau; ntu;L!k; pj.; ŒŒ ,jw;F vGj;jhsp vdW; bgau;. ŒŒ ,jpy; jfty;fisf; bfhLjj; hy; klL; k; nghJk\"; rpy behofspnyna mHfhd fl;Liuia cUthf;Ffpdw; d. ,yh: ŒŒ ghuj !n; ll; t=;fp `,yh~ vd;Dk; ciuahL bkdb; ghUis cUthff; pas[ s; J. ŒŒ xU tpehof;Fg; gjj; hapuk; thof;ifahsu;fSld; ciuahLk.; ŒŒ mtuf; Sff; hd nritia ,izak; @yk; mspf;fpwJ. thlr; d;: ŒŒ 2016y; I.gp.vk;. epWtdjj; pd; braw;if Ezz; wptf[ ; fzpdp thlr; d;. ŒŒ rpy epkpl=f; spy; ,uz;L nfhoj; jut[fis myrp/ nehahsp xUtupd; g[w;Wnehiaf; fzL; gpojj; J. bgg;gu;: ŒŒ $gg; hdpy; rhg;l; t=f; p cUthf;fpa ,ae;jpu kdpjnd bgg;gu.; ŒŒ ,J cyf mstpy; tpwg; idahFk; xU nuhngh. ŒŒ tPl;Lf;F/ tzpfjJ; fF; g;/ gog;g[fF; vd @dW; tif nuhnghf;fs; cs;sd. ŒŒ ,it kdpjupd; KfghtidfspypUe;J czu;tf[ isg; g[upe;J bfhzL; mjw;nfwg; brayg; Lfpd;wd. ŒŒ b ggg; iu tuntwg; hsuhft[k; gzpahsuhftk[ ; tPLfspYk; tzpf epWtd=;fspYk; czt[ tpLjpfspYk; gad;gLj;Jfpwhuf; s.; Kot[iu: ,d;W m=;Fk; ,=F; kha; ,UfF; k; brawi; f Ezz; wpt[g; gadg; hL/ ehis cyfk; KGtJk; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; gad;gLk; vdg; jpy; Iakpy;iy. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 147 fwg; it fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 81 1. ,di; wa brawi; f Ezz; wptg[ ; gadg; hLfisr; bra;jpj;jhspnyh ,izajj; pnyh fzL; mll; tizahfj; jUf. Jiw gadg; hLfs; kUj;Jtj; neha;fisf; fzL; gpof;fpd;wd. fz; mWit kUj;Jtjj; py; gadg; LfpwJ. Jiw rPd kUjJ; tkidapy; cs;s ,ae;jpu kdpjuf; s; nehahspfspd; Kfj;ijak[ ; Fuiya[k; milahsk; fzL; gjpy; brhy;fpd;wd. ,jHpay; Jiw ntuL; !k; pj; vd;Dk; braw;if Ez;zwpt[ bkdb; ghUs; ehk; bfhLf;Fk; jfty;fisf; fl;Liuiar; rpy behofspy; cUthff; ptpLk;. nghf;Ftuj;Jj; me;j tHpapy; nghfF; tuj;J beupry; mjpfk;\" ,Jnt RUff; khd tHp vd;W Jiw ekJ jpwdn; grpapy; tHpfhl;l glk; cjtp bra;fpwJ. tzpfj;Jiw gj[ pa tzpf thag; ;gf[ isr; braw;if Ez;zwpt[ ey;FfpwJ. bgU epWtd=;fs; j=f; s; bghUsf; is cwg; j;jp braa; t[k;/ re;ijg;gLjj; tk[ ; braw;if Ezz; wpt[ gad;gLfpdw; J. gpwJiwfs; tpLjpfs/; t=;fpfs/; mYtyf=f; spy; kdpju; mspfF; k; nritfis nuhnghff; s; mspfF; k.; fyt; pj; Jiwapy; ,j;bjhHpyE; lg; j;ijg; gy tpj=;fspy; gad;gLj;Jk; rhj;jpaf; TWfs; cs;sd. 2. bfhLf;fg;gLfpdw; vyy; htwi; wa[k; cs;sPL bra;J/ njitgg; Lk; ntisapy; ,ay; 4 btspgg; LjJ; tjpy;/ ,d;W @isf;F ,izahfj; bjhHpy;El;gKk; Kd;ndwpa[s;sJ. ,f;fUji; ja[k/; glj;ijak[ ; xgg; [nehff; pf; fyeJ; iuahLf. ahHpdp : bfhLf;fgg; Lfpdw; vy;yhtwi; wa[k; css; PL braJ; / njitg;gLk; ntisapy; btspapLtjpy; ,dW; @isfF; ,izahfj;bjhHpy;El;gKk;Kdn; dwpa[ss; J vdg; ijg; gww; p cd; fUjJ; vdd; > ige;jkpH; : ,d;iwa njitfis tpiutpy; g{u;jj; p bra;a bgUkg; hYk; brawi; f Ezz; wpnt gadg; LfpwJ. ,tt; [yif kpFjpahf MsfT; oa xU bjhHpy;Elg; k; braw;if Ezz; wpnt. ahHpdp : ,di; wa kpdd; Qg; g[ul;rpf;Ff; fhuzk; vdd; > ige;jkpH ; : vej; xU bjhHpy; Elg; Kk; xnu ehspy; teJ; tpLtjpyi; y. 1980fspy; xtb; thUtUfF; khd jdp egu; fzpdpfspd; tsu;rr; pak[ ; ,izag; gadg; hlo; d; gpwg;g[nk ,kk; hww; j;jpwF; f; fhuzk;. ahHpdp : nkny bfhLf;fgg; l;Lss; glji; jg; gw;wp cd;Dila fUj;J ahJ> igej; kpH ; : `fy;tprhu; gu[ l;rp~ vd;gnj vd; fUjJ; . ehk; xU E}iyj; njo vLjJ; mjpy; ehk; njLk; brhwf; isf; fz;L gpog;gjwF; fhy tpuak; Vwg; Lk;. Mdhy; jpwd;ngrpnah fzpdpnah ehk; brhyy; r; brhy;yj; jd; mfzl; jut[fspy; css; nfhoff; zff; hd brhwf; Sld; xgg; pl;Lr; rupahd brhyi; yf; fhy; behofF; k; Fiwthd neuj;jpy; nju;eb; jLjJ; j; jpiuapy; fhz;gpff; pwJ. fyt; prhu; jftyf; is clDfF; ld; bjupeJ; bfhss; ,jb; jhHpy; El;gk; kpftk[ ; gaDilajhf mika[k.; ed;wp-  www.tnpscjob.com

148 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; bjhHpyE; l;gk; ftpijg; ngiH bgUkhs; jpUbkhHp 4 ? FynrfuhH;thu; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. `cdjUns ghug; ;gd; monand~ ? ahuplk; ahu; TwpaJ> m) FynrfuhH;thuplk; ,iwtd; M) ,iwtdplk; FynrfuhHt; hu; ,) kUjJ; tuplk; nehahsp <) nehahspaplk; kUj;Jtu; [tpil: M) ,iwtdplk; FynrfuhH;thu]; FWtpdh 1. kUj;Jtj;jpy; kUeJ; ld; md;g[k; ek;gpfi; fa[k; MwW; k; gh=;fpid vGJf. kUjJ; tu; clypy; Vwg; ll; g[z;izj; Jdg; k; jUk;go fjj; pahy; mWj;Jr; Rl;lhYk; mjJ; d;gk; jdfF; edi; kna vdW; czu;e;J nehahsp kUjJ; tu; kPJ mdg; [ fhlL; thu;. rpWtpdh ,ay; 4 1. ``khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy;~~ vd;Dk; bjhlupYss; ctik RlL; k; bra;jpia tpsf;Ff. clypy; Vw;gll; g[z; : kUjJ; tu; clypy; Vw;gll; g[z;izj; Jd;gk; jUk;go fjj; pahy; mWjJ; r; Rll; hYk; mj;Jdg; k; jdf;F edi; kna vdW; czu;e;J nehahsp kUj;Jtu; kPJ md;g[ fhl;Lthu.; eP=f; hj Jd;gk; : tpj;Jtf;nfhl;oy; vGej; UspapUf;Fk; md;idna- kUj;Jtiug; nghd;W eP vdfF; j; Jd;gj;ijj; jej; hYk;/ cd; moatdhfpa ehd; (nehahspiag; nghy) cd; mUisna vgb; ghGJk; vjpu;ghuj; J; thHf; pnwd.; TLjy; tpdhf;fs; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g.[ ? tpidbarr; k; mWj;J ? <Wbfll; vjpu;kiwg; bgaurr; k; kpshj;Jau ; ? <Wbfll; vjpuk; iwg; bgaurr; k; Msh cdjUns www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 149 gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;. mWj;J ? mW + j; + j; + c mW ? gFjp j ; ? re;jp j ; ? ,wej; fhy ,ilepiy c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp gyts[ ; bjupf 1. bgUkhs; jpUbkhHpapy; css; ghly;fspd; vzz; pfi; f vjj; id> m) 105 M) 155 ,) 205 <) 255 [tpil: m) 105] 2. tpjJ; tfn; fhL vd;Dk; Cu;/ __________ khepyjj; py; __________ khtl;ljj; py; cs;sJ. m) nfus/ ghyf;fhL M) fue; hlf/ khz;oah ,) Mej; puh/ beyY; }u; <) nfus/ jpUtdej; gu[ k; [tpil: m) nfus/ ghyff; hL] 3. Fynrfu MH;thu; tpjJ; tfn; fhlo; y; css; ,iwtid ca;a te;j bgUkhis __________ cUtfpjJ; g; ghLfpwhu;. m) md;idahf M) fhjypahf ,) njhHdhf <) jei; jahf [tpil: m) md;idahf] 4. thshy; mWj;Jr; RoDk; kUj;Jtd; ghy; khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy; khaj;jhy; ? vd;Dk; mofspy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s eak;. m) nkhid M) vJif ,) cUtfk; <) mej; hjp [tpil: M) vJif] 5. ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag; gpugej; jj; py; __________ jpUbkhHpahf css; J bgUkhs; jpUbkhHp. ,ay; 4 m) @dw; hk; M) ehd;fhk; ,) Iej; hk; <) Mwhk ; [tpil: ,) Ie;jhk]; 6. bgUkhs; jpUbkhHpiag; ghoatu; __________ m) jpUk=i; fahHt; hu ; M) FynrfuhHt; hu; ,) ekk; hHt; hu; <) bghai; fahHt; hu; [tpil: M) FynrfuhHt; hu]; 7. Fynrfu MH;thupd; fhyk; __________ E}w;whzL; . m) Mwhk; M) VHhk; ,) vl;lhk ; <) gjj; hk ; [tpil: ,) vl;lhk]; 8. `thshy; mWjJ; ~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; bgUkhs; jpUbkhHpapd; ghlgg; Fjpahf cs;s Kjyhapuj;jpd; ghRuk;> [tpil: M) 691] M) 691 m) 681 <) 641 ,) 541 9. `khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy; khajj; hy;~ vd;Dk; mofspy; `khak;~ vdg; jd; bghUs; m) bghai; k M) epiyahik ,) tpisahl;L <) mwg; [jk ; [tpil: ,) tpisahl;L] www.tnpscjob.com

150 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 10. fhjy; nehahsd; nghd;wtu; __________ m) FynrfuhHt; hu; M) tpj;Jtfn; fhlL; ,iwtd; ,) kff; s; <) kUjJ; tu ; [tpil: m) FynrfuhHt; hu]; 11. kUj;Jtd; nghdw; tu; __________ m) FynrfuhH;thu ; M) tpj;Jtf;nfhlL; ,iwtd; ,) kf;fs ; <) kUj;Jtu; [tpil: M) tpj;Jtf;nfhl;L ,iwtd]; 12. ``eP Msh cdjUns ghug; g; d; monad~; ~ vdw; tu; __________ m) FynrfuhHt; hu ; M) tpjJ; tf;nfhl;L ,iwtd; ,) kff; s; <) kUjJ; tu; [tpil: m) FynrfuhH;thu]; 13. khaj;jhy; kPshj; Jau; jUgtu; __________ m) FynrfuhHt; hu; M) tpjJ; tfn; fhl;L ,iwtd; ,) kf;fs ; <) kUjJ; tu; [tpil: M) tpj;Jtf;nfhl;L ,iwtd]; 14. bghUjj; kpyy; hj xd;wpidj; nju;t[ braf; . m) ehyhapuj;jpt;tpag; gpuge;jk ; M) Kjyhapuk; ,) Ie;jhk; jpUbkhHp <) jpUg;ghit [tpil: <) jpUg;ghit] 15. thshy; mWj;Jr; RLgtu; __________ m) FynrfuhH;thu ; M) tpjJ; tf;nfhlL; ,iwtd; ,) kff; s ; <) kUjJ; tu; [tpil: <) kUjJ; tu]; ,ay; 4 16. rupahd brhwb; whliuj; njut; [ bra;f. m) r=f; ,yf;fpajj; py; mwptpay; fUj;Jfs; epiweJ; s;sd. M) mwptpay; fUj;Jfs; r=f; ,yf;fpajj; py; epiwe;Js;sd. ,) ,yff; paj;jpy; mwptpay; r=;f fUjJ; fs; epiwe;Jss; d. <) r=f; mwptpay; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; fUjJ; fs; epiweJ; s;sd.  [tpil: m) r=;f ,yff; pajj; py; mwptpay; fUjJ; fs; epiweJ; ss; d.] 17. ``thshy; mWjJ; r; RoDk; kUjJ; td; ghy; khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy; khaj;jhy~; ~ ? ,t;tofspy; mikej; movJifr; brhwf; s; m) thshy; ? khshj M) nehahsd; ? khajj; hy; ,) kUj;Jtd; ? nehahsd; <) thshy; ? nehahy; [tpil: m) thshy; ? khshj] 18. ``thshy; mWjJ; r; RoDk; kUjJ; td; ghy; khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy; khaj;jhy;~~ ,tt; ofspy; mikej; Kuz; brhwf; s; m) thshy; ? khshj M) nehahsd; ? khaj;jhy; ,) kUj;Jtd; ? nehahsd; <) thshy; ? nehahy; [tpil : ,) kUj;Jtd; ? nehahsd]; FWtpdh 1. bgUkhs; jpUbkhHp E}y; Fwpgg; [ tiuf. ŒŒ ehyhapuj; jptt; pag; gpugej; j;jpy; Iej; hk; jpUbkhHpahf css; J bgUkhs; jpUbkhHp MFk.; ŒŒ ,jpy; 105 ghly;fs; css; d. ŒŒ ,aww; patu; : FynrfuhH;thu; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 151 2. Fynrfu MHt; hu; Fwpj;J Fwpgg; [ tiuf. bgau; ? Fynrfu MH;thu; Cu ; ? jpUt+;rpff; sk; (nfusk;) E}y;fs ; ? bgUkhs; jpUbkhHp/ KFe;jkhiy. g[yik ? tlbkhHp/ bjdb; khHp fhyk; ? vll; hk; E}w;whzL; 3. ``eP Msh cdjUns ghu;g;gd; monand~~ vd;W ahu; ahuplk; Twpdhu;> Fynrfu MHt; hu; jpUtpjJ; tf; nfhll; kk; htplk; Twpdhu;. 4. ``thshy; mWj;Jr; RoDk; kUj;Jtd; ghy; khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy; khajj; hy;~~ ? khak; braj; tu; ahu;> khak; bra;jtu; : jpUtpj;Jtf; nfhll; k;kh 5. ``thshy; mWj;Jr; RoDk; kUjJ; td; ghy; khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy; khaj;jhy~; ~ ? ,tt; ofspy; Rl;lgg; Lk; `kUjJ; td~; kw;Wk; `nehahsd~; nghd;wtu; ahtu;> ŒŒ kUjJ; td; nghdw; tu; : jpUtpjJ; tf; nfhl;lk;kh ŒŒ nehahsd; nghd;wtu; : Fynrfu MH;thu; rpWtpdh 1. Fynrfuu; jpUtpj;Jtf; nfhl;lk;kh ,iwtdplk; ntzL; tJ ahJ> kUj;Jtiu nerpjj; y; : kUjJ; tu; clypy; Vwg; l;l g[zi; zf; fjj; pahy; mWj;Jr; Rll; hYk; mJ ed;ikfn; f vd czue; ;J nehahsp kUjJ; tiu nerpgg; hu;. ,iwtd; mUis vjpug; huj; ;jy; : ,ay; 4 ,iwth- eP cd; tpisahll; hy; vdfF; eP=;fhj Jdg; ji; jj; jej; hYk; nehahspiag; nghy cd; mUis vjpug; hu;j;J thH;fpnwd;. fw;git fww; gpd; gff; k:; 82 1. jkpHu; kUj;JtKiwfF; k;/ etdP kUj;JtKiwfF; k; cs;s bjhlu;g[ Fwpj;J xg;gilt[ cUthf;Ff. jkpHu; kUjJ; tk;: ŒŒ jkpHu; kUjJ; tKiw vd;gJ rpjj; kUj;Jtk; MFk.; ŒŒ jhtuk/; tpy=;F/ cnyhfk; mjhtJ g+;rg{j=f; s; vy;yhk; kdpj eyDff; hf gad;gLtd vd;gJ rpjj; kUjJ; tj;jpd; nfhlg; hL. ŒŒ j kpHu;fs; nehiar; rupgLj;j ,aw;if jUk; ,iy/ fha;/ fdpfspypUen; j kUei; jf; fzl; du.; ŒŒ thjk;/ gpjj; k/; rPjk; ,it @dW; k; rkepiyapy; ,Uej; hy; neha; ek;ik ehlhJ. ŒŒ j kpHu; kUjJ; tKiwapy; gff; tpistf[ s; VJkpy;iy. FzkhtjwF; r; rpy ehlf; s; MdhYk; kPzL; k; men; eha; eki; kj; jhff; hJ. www.tnpscjob.com

152 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ etdP kUj;Jtk:; ŒŒ m wptpay; tsur; ;rpf;F Vwg; / kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; gyn; tW khw;w=f; s; Vwg; LfpwJ. mwptpay; Kiwapy; Rfkspjj; tu;fspy; rpwe;jtu; \\pg;nghfpnul!.; ŒŒ etPd kUj;Jt Kiwapdhy; gf;f tpist[fs; Vwg; LtjwF; r; rhjj; paf;TWfs; cz;L. ŒŒ nehaf; pUkpfs; cldoahf mHpff; g;gLfpd;wd. nehiaf; Fzg;gLjj; KoahJ. Mdhy; ,t;tif kUjJ; tj;Jiwapy; ftdf;Fiwt[ Vwg; l;lhy; capu; ,WjpahfptpLk.; ŒŒ cjhuzkhf/ FUjp Vw;Wk;nghJ bjhlug; i[ latupd; FUjp xnu ,dkhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. ,itbay;yhk; gupnrhjid braJ; nehahspiaf; Fzgg; Lj;j ntz;Lk;.  ,ay; bjhHpy;El;gk; ftpijg; ngiH 4 gupghly; ? fuP ei; jahu; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. gupghly; moapy; `tpRkg; [k; ,irak[ ~; vd;Dk; bjhlu; vjidf; Fwpf;fpwJ> m) thdj;ija[k; ghli; lak[ ; M) thdj;ija[k; g[fiHak[ ; ,) thdji; ja[k; g{kpiaak[ ; <) thdj;ija[k; ngbuhypiaa[k;  [tpil: <) thdj;ija[k; ngbuhypiaa[k]; ,ay; 4 FWtpdh 1. capuf; s; cUthfp tsu Vw;w NHy; g{kpapy; vit vitbadg; gupghly; tHp mwpe;jtw;iwf; Fwpgg; pLf. epyk;/ ePu;/ fhw;W/ thdk;/ beUgg; .[ beLtpdh 1. ek; Kd;ndhu; mwptpay; fUjJ; fis ,awi; fal[ d; ,izjJ; f; TWtjhfj; bjhl=;Ffpd;w gpdt; Uk; brhwb; ghHpitj; bjhlu;eJ; epiwt[ bra;f. ngudg; pwF; upa mitnahu; midtUfF; k; tzff; k-; ,d;W ,ay/; ,ir/ ehlfk; vdD; k; Kjj; kpGld; mwptpaiy ehdf; hk; jkpHhff; TWfpd;wdu;. Mjpfhye;bjhlL; ,a=f; p tUk; jkpH; bkhHpapy; mwptpay; vd;gJ jkpHu; thHt; panyhL fye;J fiueJ; teJ; ss; ij ,yff; pa=;fs; @yk; mwpfpnwhk.; mzl; ji; j mseJ; k/; gt[ papd; njhww; ji; j Cfpj;Jk; TWk; mwptpay; braj; pfs; ,yf;fpa=f; spy; css; d. r=;f ,yff; pakhd gupghlypy.; ..... g{kpapd; njhww; k; Fwpj;J brhy;ygg; lL; ss; J. ŒŒ vJt[nk ,yy; hj bgUbtspapy; mzl; j; njhw;wjJ; fF; f; fhuzkhd fU ngbuhypal[ d; njhdw; paJ. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 153 ŒŒ cUtkpy;yhj fhw;W Kjyhd g{j=f; spd; mQff; Sld; tsuf; pdw; thdk; vdD; k; Kjy; g{j=f; s; cUthfpd. ŒŒ mej; mQff; spd; Mww; y; fpsu;e;J gUgb; ghUs;fs; rpjWkg; oahfg; gy fhy=f; s; fle;jJ. ŒŒ gpdd; u; g{kp FspUk;goahfj; bjhlue; ;J bga;j kiHahy; g{kp btss; j;jpy; @H;fpaJ. ŒŒ kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; epiw bts;sj;jpy; ,g;bgupa gt[ p @Hf; p capuf; s; cUthfp thH;tjwF; Vww; NHy; njhdw; paJ. ŒŒ ,r;NHy; khw;wjj; pdhy; capu;fs; njhdw; p epiy bgwW; thHf; pd;wd. ŒŒ gt[ p cUthfpa epfH;it mwptpay; mwp+u;fs; fz;lwpak[ ; Kdn; g ek; jkpHu; fzl; wpej; du; vd;gJ jkpHUfF; f; fpilj;j kpfgb; gupa btw;wpa[k; bgUikf;Fupa braYkhFk.; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[. CHC; H; ? mLf;Fj; bjhlu; tsu; thdk ; ? tpidjb; jhif brej; P ? gzg; j[ b; jhif thuh (xd;wd;) ? <Wbfll; vjpuk; iwg; bgaburr; k; njhdw; p/ @Hf; p ? tpidbar;r=;fs; fpsue; ;j ? bgabur;rk; gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;. fpsu;e;j = fpsu; + j(; e); ; + j; + m fpsu ; ? gFjp j ; ? re;jp/ `e;~ MdJ tpfhuk; j; ? ,wej; fhy ,ilepiy m ? bgaburr; tpFjp TLjy; tpdhf;fs; ,ay; 4 gyt[s; bjupf 1. bghUj;jkhd tpil tupiriaj; nju;eb; jL. 1. jzb; gay; ? bts;sjj; py; @Hf; pf; fple;j 2. Mu; jUg[ ? brwpeJ; jpuzL; 3. gPL ? Fspu;ej; kiH 4. <zo; ? rpwgg; [ [tpil: <) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2] m) 1/ 3/ 2/ 4 M) 3/ 2/ 4/ 1 ,) 4/ 2/ 1/ 3 <) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2 2. ,JtiufF; k; ekfF; f; fpiljJ; ss; gupghly; E}ypy; cs;s ghlyf; spd; vzz; pfi; f vj;jid> m) 24 M) 34 ,) 44 <) 54 [tpil: m) 24] 3. vlL; jb; jhif E}y;fSs; xdW; __________ m) gupghly ; M) Kyi; yg; ghlL; ,) ehyoahu; <) @Jiu [tpil: m) gupghly]; www.tnpscjob.com

154 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 4. `tpRk;gpy; CHp~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; gupghliy vGjpatu.; m) ef;fPuu ; M) kUjdhu; ,) fPuei; jahu ; <) Xjyhe;ijahu; [tpil: ,) fuP e;ijahu]; 5. gupghly; `` __________ ~~ vdD; k; g[fGilaJ. m) ew;gupghly ; M) g[fH; gupghly; ,) X=F; gupghly ; <) cau; gupghly; [tpil: ,) X=;F gupghly]; 6. r=;f E}yf; Ss; gz;nzhL ghlgg; l;l E}y; __________. m) eww; piz M) Ky;iygg; hl;L ,) glo; dg; ghiy <) gupghly ; [tpil: <) gupghly]; 7. gupghlypy; vGgJ ghlyf; s; ,Ugg; jhff; Twpas[ s; tuf; s; __________. m) gy[ tu;fs; M) tuyhw;W Ma;thsuf; s; ,) ,yff; pa Mat; hsu;fs; <) ciuahrpupauf; s; [tpil: <) ciuahrpupauf; s]; 8. vl;tpd; \\g;gps; vd;gtu; __________. m) mbkupf;f kUjJ; tu; M) gpbu+;R MSeu; ,) mbkupf;f thdpay; mwp+u ; <) nghur; R; ff; Prpa khYkp  [tpil: ,) mbkupf;f thdpay; mwp+u]; 9. vl;tpd; \\g;gps; __________ ,y; ek; ghy;tjP p nghd;W vz;zw;w ghy;tjP pfs; css; d vd;W epqgpjj; hu;. m) 1921 M) 1821 ,) 1924 <) 1934 [tpil: ,) 1924] 10. ``mzl; g; gFjpapd; cz;ilg; gpwf;Fk.; rpwpa Mfg; bgupnahd; bjupapd;~~ ? vdW; Fwpgg; pLk; E}y;> ,ay; 4 m) gupghly; M) fypj;bjhif ,) bgUkhs; jpUbkhHp <) jpUthrfk; [tpil: <) jpUthrfk]; 11. bghUjj; pf; fhlL; f. ? 1. <Wbfl;l vjpuk; iwg; bgaburr; k; i) CH; CH ; ii) tsu; thdk ; ? 2. gzg; j[ ;bjhif iii) bre;jP iv) thuh ? 3. tpidjb; jhif m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 ? 4. mLf;Fj; bjhlu; ,) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 M) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 <) 4/ 2/ 1/ 3 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] 12. bghUjj; pf; fhlL; f. ? 1. rpwg;g[ [tpil: m) 3/ 2/ 4/ 1] i) tpRk;g [ ? 2. af[ k; ii) CHp ? 3. thdk; iii) CH; ? 4. Kiw iv) gPL M) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 m) 3/ 2/ 4/ 1 <) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 ,) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 155 13. `fpsue; ;j~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupf;Fk; Kiw __________. m) fpsu;eJ; + m M) fpsu; + j; + j; + m ,) fpsu; + e; + j; + m <) fpsu; + j(; e;) + j; + m [tpil: <) fpsu+; j(; e;)+j+; m] 14. Kjy; g{jk; vdgg; LtJ __________. m) thdk; M) epyk; ,) fhw;W <) ePu ; [tpil: m) thdk]; 15. ``fU tsu; thdjJ; ,irapy; njhd;wp/ cU mwpthuh xdw; d; CHpak[ ;~~ ? ,t;tofspy; ,lkb; gw;Ws;s ,yff; pa eak;> m) vJif M) nkhid ,) ,iag [ <) mej; hjp [tpil: m) vJif] 16. Kjy; g{jk; __________. M) epyk; [tpil: m) thdk]; m) thdk; <) fhw;W ,) ePu ; 17. gupghlypy; gt[ pfF; f; Twg;gll; ctik __________. m) beUgg; g[ ; geJ; M) cUtk; ,yy; hj fhwW; ,) bts;sk; <) CHp [tpil: m) beUgg; g[ ; geJ; ] 18. ``tpRk;gpy; CHp CH; CH; bry;y~~ ? ,t;toapy; mikeJ; ss; bgUkg; hdi; k eak; __________. m) vJif M) nkhid ,) Kuz; <) ,iag [ [tpil: M) nkhid] 19. beUgg; [g;gej; ha; te;J Fspu;e;jJ __________. m) g{kp M) fhw;W ,) jP <) ePu ; [tpil: m) g{kp] 20. ``tpRk;gpy; CHp CH; CH; bry;y~~ ? ,t;toapy; `tpRkg; [~ vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; __________. ,ay; 4 m) thdk ; M) fhw;W ,) af[ k ; <) Kiw [tpil: m) thdk]; 21. ``tpRk;gpy; CHp CH; CH; bry;y~~ ? ,tt; oapy; `CHp~ vdD; k; brhy;ypd; bghUs; __________. m) thdk ; M) fhw;W ,) af[ k ; <) Kiw [tpil: ,) a[fk]; 22. ``tpRkg; py; CHp CH; CH; bry;y~~ ? ,tt; oapy; `CH;~ vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; __________. m) thdk; M) fhw;W ,) af[ k ; <) Kiw [tpil: <) Kiw] 23. 1300Mz;LfSfF; Kd; jpUmzl; g;gFjp gww; pf; Twpatu; __________. m) khzpf;fthrfu ; M) fPuei; jahu; ,) bgU+r; pj;jpudhu ; <) fgpyu; [tpil: m) khzpff; thrfu]; 24. ``jzb; gay; jiy,a CHpa[k;~~ ,jpy; `Fspu;e;j kiH~ vdD; k; bghUs; jUk; brhy; __________. m) jz;bgay; M) jiy ,) ,a <) CHp [tpil: m) jzb; gay]; www.tnpscjob.com

156 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; 4 FWtpdh 1. r=;f ,yf;fpa E}y;fs; @yk; etP Pu; mwpeJ; bfhs;Sk; bra;jp ahJ> ŒŒ <uhapuk; Mz;LfSfF; Kdd; u; thHe; j; jkpH; kf;fspd; thH;fi; f Kiw/ ŒŒ mwpthww; y/; ŒŒ r@f cwt[/ ŒŒ ,awi; fiag; gu[ pe;J bfhs;Sk; jpwd;. 2. gupghly; E}y; Fwpgg; [ tiuf. ŒŒ vl;Ljb; jhif E}yf; Ss; xdW; gupghly; ? mfk; g[wk; rhu;ej; E}y;. ŒŒ ,eE; }y; ``X=;F gupghly;~~ vd;Dk; g[fGilaJ. ŒŒ r=;f E}yf; Ss; gz;nzhL ghlgg; ll; E}y;. ŒŒ ciuahrpupau;fs; vGgJ ghly;fs; ,Ug;gjhff; Twpa[s;sdu;. ŒŒ 24 ghlyf; ns fpiljJ; s;sd. 3. mzl; gg; Fjp Fwpj;J khzpf;fthrfu; Fwpgg; pLk; braj; p ahJ> ŒŒ m z;lg;gFjpapd; cUzi; l totk; xgg; ww; tskhd fhlr; pa[k; xd;Wld; xd;W <ug; g; [ld; E}Wnfhof;Fk; nky; tpupeJ; epdw; d. ŒŒ fjputdpd; xspf;fwi; wapy; bjupak[ ; J}Rj;Jfs; nghy mit Ez;ikahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. 4. ghyt; jP p FwpjJ; vl;tpd; \\gg; ps; epqgpj;Jf; Twpa bra;jpia vGJ. ŒŒ m zl; g; bgUbtspapy; ek; ghy;tPjp nghd;W vzz; ww; ghyt; Pjpfs; css; d. ŒŒ btspna vz;zw;w ghyt; Pjpfs; cs;sd. ŒŒ btspna epd;W mijg; ghu;j;njhbkdpy; rpWJ}rp nghyf; nfhof;fzf;fhd ghy;tPjpfs; J} Rfshfj; bjupa[k.; 5. g{kp bts;sj;jpy; @H;ff; fhuzk; vd;d> bjhlu;e;J bgaj; kiHahy; g{kp btss; j;jpy; @Hf; paJ. 6. ``kzP ;Lk; gLP cau;g[ <z;o / mtww; pw;Fk; cs;sPL Mfpa ,UepyjJ; CHpa[k;~~ ? bjhlu; bghUs; tpsf;Ff. kPz;Lk; kPzL; k; epiwbts;sj;jpy; @H;Fjy; elej; ,gb; gupa cyfj;jpy;/ capu;fs; cUthfp thHt; jw;F Vww; NHy; njhd;wpaJ/ mrN; Hypy; capu;fs; njhd;wp epiy bgWkg; oahd CHpff; hyk; te;jJ. 7. ``tpRkg; py; CHp CH~; ~ vdg; jpy; tpRkg; [/ CHp/ CH; Mfpa brhwf; spd; bghUs; ahJ> ŒŒ tpRk;g[ ? thdk; ŒŒ CHp ? a[fk; ŒŒ CH; ? Kiw rpWtpdh 1. mz;lg; bgUbtsp Fwpj;J khzpff; thrfu; kwW; k; vl;tpd; \\gg; ps; Mfpnahu; @yk; mwpagg; Lk; braj; p ahJ> khzpf;fthrfu; TwW; : ŒŒ mz;lg; gFjpapd; cUzi; l totk/; xg;gww; tskhd fhl;rpak[ ; xdW; ld; xd;W <u;g;gl[ d; E}W nfhofF; k; nky; tpupeJ; epd;wd. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 157 ŒŒ ``mzl; g; gFjpapd; czi; lg; gpwf;fk;~~ vdD; k; jpUthrfg; ghlypy; nkw;fzl; bra;jpia ,ay; 4 1300 MzL; fSf;F Kd; khzpf;fthrfu; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. vl;tpd; \\gg; ps; Tw;W : ŒŒ mz;lg; bgUbtspapy; ek; ghyt; Pjp nghd;W vz;zw;w ghyt; Pjpfs; cs;sd. ŒŒ btspna epdW; mijg; ghu;jn; jhbkdpy; rpW J}rp nghyf; nfhof;fzf;fhd ghy;tPjpfs; J}Rfshfj; bjupa[k.; ŒŒ nkwf; zl; braj; pia mbkupff; thdpay; tyY; eu; vlt; pd; \\gg; ps; 1924 ,y; epqgpjj; hu.; 2. ``kPz;Lk; gLP cau;g[ <zo; / mtww; pwF; k; css; PL Mfpa ,UepyjJ; CHpa[k~; ~ ? ,l+;Rl;og; bghUs; tpsf;Ff. ,lk:; ,tt; ofs; gupghlypy; fPuei; jahu; ghlypy; ,lk;bgWfpd;wJ. bghUs:; capuf; s; njhdw; p epiybgWjy.; tpsf;fk;: kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; epiwbts;sjj; py; @HF; jy; ele;j ,gb; gupa cyfj;jpy/; capu;fs; cUthfp thH;tjwF; Vww; NHy; njhd;wpaJ/ mr;NHypy; capuf; s; njhdw; p epiybgWk;goahd CHpf;fhyk; tej; J. 3. ghy;tPjpfs; fzL; gpogg; py;/ ``vl;tpd; \\g;gpSfF; Kd;ndho khzpf;fthrfu;~~ vd;gij epqgpf;f. vlt; pd; \\gg; ps:; ek; ghy;tPjp nghd;W vz;zww; ghyt; Pjpfs; cs;sd. btspapy; epdW; ghuj; ;jhy; / rpW J}rp nghy nfhoff; zff; py; ghyt; Pjpfs; J}Rfshfj; bjupak[ ;.,jid 1924 ,y; mbkupff; thdpay; tyY; eu; vlt; pd; \\gg; ps; epqgpj;jhu;. khzpff; thrfu:; 1300 Mz;LfSfF; Kd; jpUthrfj;jpy; khzpf;fthrfu; jpUmz;lgg; Fjpapy/; ``mzl; g; gFjpapd; czi; lg; gpwff; k; ........................ ............................. rpwpa Mfg; bgupnahd; bjupapd;~~ ? vdw; mofs; ghyt; Pjpfs; gww; pa fUjJ; fisf; TWfpd;wJ. ,yy; jJ; s; EiHak[ ; fjputdpd; xspf; fwi; wapy; bjupak[ ; J}Rj; Jfsn; ghy ghy;tPjpfs; Ezi; kahf ,Uff; pdw; d. ghy;tPjpfs; fz;Lgpogg; py/; ``vlt; pd; \\gg; pSf;F Kd;ndho khzpff; thrfu~; ~ vdg; ij mwpaKofpd;wJ. fwg; it fww; gpd; gf;fk;: 84 1. gupghly; ,irg;ghly; MFk.; ghlg;gFjpapd; ghliy ,ira[ld; gho kfpHf; . (khztu; brayg; hL) 2. gupghly; fhlL; k; bgUbtog;g[f; fhlr; piag; gl=;fshf tiue;J bghUj;jkhd braj; pfSld; tH=F; f. ,e;j mzl; g; bgUbtspapy; ek; ghy;tPjp nghdW; vz;zw;w ghyt; Pjpfs; cs;sd. www.tnpscjob.com

158 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,g;ghyt; Pjpfs; J}Rfs; nghdW; njhdW; k; ,gg; pug+r; k; cUthf bgUbtogg; f[ ; bfhs;ifna fhuzk;. ,e;j bgUbtog;gf[ ; bfhsi; ffF; Kd; vJt[nk ,yy; h bgUbtsp klL; nk ,Uej; J. ,di; wa mwptpay; bfhs;iffspdg; o ,ej; gpug+;rkhdJ fpl;lj;jll; gjpdhd;F gpy;ypad; Mz;LfSfF; Kd; epfH;e;j bgUbtogg; k[ ; vdw; xU rkg; tjJ; lnd njhw;wk; bgww; jhf ekg; gg; LfpwJ. ,tt; hW bgUbtog;g[ rkg; tj;jpid mog;gilahff; bfhz;L gpug+;rjj; pd; njhw;wjj; pid tpsf;Fk; Kiwapidg; bgUbtogg; [f; bfhsi; f vd;fpnwhk;. ,ijg; gupghly; vJtn[ k ,y;yhj bgUbtspapy; mzl; j; njhw;wj;JfF; fhuzkhd fU ngbuhypa[ld; njhd;wpaJ vd;fpwJ. ,ay; 4 bgUbtog;gpw;Fg; gpd; cUtkpy;yhj fhwW; Kjyhd g{j=;fspd; mQf;fSld; tsu;fpd;w thdk; Kjypa g{j=f; s; cUthfpd. mej; mQf;fspd; Mw;wyhy; gUg;bghUs; rpjwpd. ,jdhy; beUgg; g[ ; geJ; nghy g{kp cUthfpaJ. bjhlu;e;J bga;j kiH btss; j;jhy; g{kp @H;fpaJ. gpd;du; ,gg; [tp capu;fs; thHt; jw;F Vww; NHe; piyia cUthff; pj; jej; jhYk/; NHy; khw;wj;jhYk; capuf; s; njhd;wp epiybgw;wd vdg; gupghly; Fwpg;gplL; s;sJ. ,g;gpug+;rkhdJ tpuptileJ; bfhz;nl bryf; pdw; J vdg; jid 1929Mk; Mz;L mbkupff; tpzb; tsp Muha;r;rpahsuhd vl;tpd; \\g;gps; fzl; wpe;Jss; hu.;  www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 159 ,ay; bjhHpy;Elg; k; tpupthdk; tpz;izj; jhz;oa 4 jd;dk;gpf;if ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; ,ay; 4 beLtpdh 1. ``mwptpayhsu; !O; gd; \\hff; p=;Fld; `tpz;btspg; gazk;~ vd;Dk; jiygg; py; fwg; idf; fij xdW; vGJf. Fwpg;g[rr; ll; k; mwpKft[iu nguzl; k; tpzk; Pd;fs; fjpu;tPr;Rk; JfSk; jpUk;g[jy; epiwti[ u mwpKft[iu: ,yff; pa=f; spy; epytpa mwptpay; nfhlg; hLfisa[k; ek;gpf;iffisak[ ; mwpa[k; bghUl;L ehDk;/ vk; tFg;g[ khztu;fSk;/ Mrpupauf; s; rpynuhL !O; gd; \\hf;fp=;Fld; tpzb; tspg; gazk; nkw;bfhz;nlhk;. nguz;lk:; nguz;lg; bgUbtogg; /[ fUeJ; isfs; gww; pajhd !;Ogd; \\hf;fp=;fpd; Muhar; r; pfs; Kff; pakhdit. ,gn; guz;lk; bgUbtog;gpdhy; czl; hdnj vd;gjwf; hd rhd;Wfisf; fzpjtpay; mog;gilapy; v=f; SfF; tpsff; pdhu;. `,g;g[tpapd; gilg;gpy; flt[s; nghdw; xUtu; gpd;dzpapy; ,Uej; hu~; vdg; ij kWj;jhu.; `gpug+r; j;ij ,af;f itfF; k; Mww; yhff; flt[s; vdw; xUtiuf; fll; ikff; ntz;oajpy;iy~ vdw; hu;. tpzk; Pd;fs;: tpz;btspapy; ghy;tPjpapy; v=;fs; tpz;btsp Xlk; Rw;wpf; bfhz;oUe;jJ. mg;nghJ \\ hff; pd/; `ekJ ghy;tPjpapy; nfhoff; zf;fhd tpz;kPdf; s; xspUfpdw; d. mtwW; s; +hapWk; xdW; . xU tpz;kPdpd; Mas[ ; fhy Kotpy; csn; ehf;fpa <u;g;g[ tpir TLfpwJ. mjdhy; tpzk; Pd; RU=f; j; bjhl=;FfpwJ. tpzk; Pd; RU=f; r; RU=;f mjd; <ug; ;ghw;wy; caue; J; bfhz;nl brdW; mstww; jhfpwJ vdW; tpsff; pdhu.; fjput; PrR; k; JfSk;: ``rpy neu=f; spy; czi; kahdJ gi[ dit tplt[k; tpagg; {l;Ltjhf mikfpwJ. mg;go Xu; cz;ikjhd; fUeJ; isfs; gw;wpaJk; vdg; ij mwpe;J bfhzn; lhk.; vg;gobadpy;/ fUeJ; isapDs; bryY; k; ve;j xd;Wk; jgg; pjJ; btspna tu KoahJ. fUeJ; isapd; <u;g;g[ vyi; yapypUeJ; fjpu;tPr;Rfs; btspg;glL; f; bfhzo; Ue;jd. fUj;Jis cz;ikapnyna www.tnpscjob.com

160 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ fUg;ghf ,y;iy vd;gij neupy; fzn; lhk.; mgn; ghJ \\hff; p=;/ fUe;JisapypUe;J xU fll; jj; py; fjput; PrR; k; mQjJ; fsf; Sk; frpaj; bjhl=;fp ,Wjpapy; btoj;JtpLk; vd;whu;. Kdd; u; mzl; btspapy; fhzgg; Lk; fUeJ; is mHpt[ Mw;wy; vdW; fUjg;gll; J. Mdhy; fUeJ; is vdg; J gilgg; pd; Mww; y; vdW; v=;fsplk; \\hff; p=; tpsff; pdhu;. jpUkg; j[ y:; tpzb; tsp Xlk; g{kpfF; jpUkg; pf; bfhz;oUej; nghJ gy totpyhd tpz;fwf; s; kw;Wk; bjhiytpy; J}Rfs; nghd;w ghy;tPjpfisa[k; fzL; mjidg; gww; pa rpy fUjJ; fisg; ngrpf; bfhzn; l g{kpia tej; ilen; jhk;. v=f; is tuntwf; gyUk; To te;jpUe;jdu.; epiwti[ u: tpz;btspg; gazk; nkw;bfhzl; v=f; is tuntwW; g; ghuhl;o/ thH;j;Jfisj; bjuptpjj; du.; ,ee; pfH;t[fs; midjJ; k; vk; thH;tpy; kwf;f Koahjitahfnt ,Uf;fpdw; d. TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. bgupahu; mwptpay; bjhHpyE; l;gf; fHfk; epWtgg; l;l Mz;L __________. m) 1978 M) 1988 ,) 1972 <) 1982 [tpil: M) 1988] 2. bgupahu; mwptpay; bjhHpy;Elg; f; fHfj;jpYs;s fhl;rpf; Tl=f; s; __________. m) 8 M) 9 ,) 10 <) 15 [tpil: ,) 10] 3. jw;fhyjj; pd; __________ vdW; g[fHgg; Lgtu; !O; gd; \\hff; p=.; ,ay; 4 m) tpobtss; p M) ekg; pf;if kdpjd; ,) Id;!i; ld ; <) mup!l; hl;oy ; [tpil: ,) Id;!i; ld]; 4. !;Ogd; \\hf;fp=; ,=f; pyheJ; kUj;Jtkidapy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L __________ taJ __________. m) 1963/ 21 M) 1965/ 23 ,) 1961/ 19 <) 1959/ 17 [tpil: m) 1963/ 21] 5. !;Ogd; \\hf;fp=f; pw;F Vwg; l;l neha; __________. m) fhyuh M) bjhG neha; ,) gf;fthjk ; <) fha;rr; y; [tpil: ,) gff; thjk]; 6. !;Ogd; \\hf;fp=; @rR; fF; Hhaj; ; jl=f; yhy; ngRk; jpwid ,Hej; Mz;L __________. m) 1963 M) 1983 ,) 1985 <) 1973 [tpil: ,) 1985] 7. gff; thjk; vd;Dk; euk;g[ neha;g; ghjpg;g[ld; !;Ogd; \\hff; p=; nkYk; ,a=f; pa MzL; fs; __________. m) 23 M) 21 ,) 43 <) 53 [tpil: <) 53] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 161 8. ,gn; guz;lk; bgUbtogg; pdhy; cUthdnj vdg; jwf; hd rhdW; fis __________ [tpil: M) fzpjtpay]; mogg; ilapy; !;Ogd; \\hff; p=; tpsf;fpdhu.; m) g[tpapay; M) fzpjtpay; ,) gs[ s; papay ; <) thdpay ; 9. ,g;gt[ papd; gilg;gpy; flts[ ; vdw; xUtu; gpd;dzpapy; ,Uej; hu; vd;gij !O; gd; \\hf;fp=; __________. m) VwW; f; bfhzl; hu; M) Mat; [fF; clg; ll; J vdw; hu; ,) kWj;jhu ; <) cyfk; KGtJk; gugg; pdhu; [tpil: ,) kWj;jhu]; 10. gpug+;rji; j ,af;f itf;Fk; Mw;wyhff; flts[ ; vdw; xUtiuf; fll; ikff; ntzo; ajpyi; y vd;W Twpatu; __________ m) !O; gd; \\hf;fp=; M) ntu;l!; ;bthu;j; ,) mup!l; hl;oy ; <) fhu;y; khuf; ;!; [tpil: m) !O; gd; \\hf;fp=]; 11. fUeJ; is vd;w brhy;iyak[ ; nfhlg; hli; la[k; Kjypy; gadg; Lj;jpatu; __________ m) !;Ogd; \\hff; p= ; M) $hd; tPyu; ,) ntu;L!k; pj; <) thlr; d ; [tpil: m) !;Ogd; \\hf;fp=]; 12. !;Ogd; \\hff; p=f; pd; Kd;ndhofs; __________ i) $d;!;ild; ii) epa{ll; d ; iii) fpupnfhu; bkzl; y; m) i, ii - rup M) ii, iii - rup ,) @d;Wk; rup <) @d;Wk; jtW [tpil: m) i, ii - rup] 13. epa{l;ld/; !;Ogd; \\hff; p=; Mfpnahu; fzff; pay; Jiwapd; Y}fhrpad; nguhrpupau; vdw; kjpgg; [ kpFe;j gjtpia tFjj; gyf; iyff; Hfk; __________ m) bfhykg; pah M) Mf!; n; ghuL; ,) nfk;gpupl$; ; <) ouhd;!n; ghu;L [tpil: ,) nfkg; pupl;$]; 14. <u;g;giyfs; Fwpj;j Kot[fisf; fzpjr; rkdg; hLfs; @yk; nfhlg; hLfshfr; brhdd; tu; ,ay; 4 m) Id!; ;ild; M) $hd; tPyu; ,) !;Ogd; \\hff; p= ; <) rhu;y!; lhut; pd; [tpil: m) Id;!;ild]; 15. Id!; ;ild; fhyj;jpy; __________ vdD; k; nfhl;ghli; l ahUk; Vw;Wf; bfhs;stpyi; y. m) E = mc2 M) F = cm2 ,) E = cm2 <) F = mc2 [tpil: m) E = mc2] 16. Id;!;ild; <ug; ;giyfs; ,Ugg; jhff; Twpaij cyfk; __________ MzL; fSfF; g; gpd; fzL; bfhzl; J. m) 100 M) 200 ,) 150 <) 250 [tpil: m) 100] 17. !O; gd; \\hf;fp=; tpsf;fpa fUe;Jisf; nfhlg; hli; l cyfk; vspjpy; g[upeJ; bfhss; f; fhuzk; m) fzpjr; rkd;ghLfs; @yk; nfhl;ghLfshfr; brhdd; jhy; M) tpz;kPd; ,af;fjn; jhL xgg; plL; f; Twpajhy; ,) gUgb; ghUsf; nshL xg;gpl;Lf; Twpajhy; <) bgUbtogi; gr; rhd;W fhlo; ajhy;  [tpil: M) tpz;kdP ; ,af;fj;njhL xg;gpl;Lf; Twpajhy]; www.tnpscjob.com

162 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ 18. mbkupff; htpd; caupa tpUjhd mjpgu; tpUjpidg; bgw;wtu; __________ m) !O; gd; \\hff; p= ; M) md;id bjurh ,) b\\yd; b\\y;yu; <) fpupnfhy; bkz;ly ; [tpil: m) !;Ogd; \\hf;fp=]; 19. !;Ogd; \\hff; p=; bgwW; ss; tpUJfisf; fz;lwpf. i) My;gul; ; Id!; ;ild; tpUJ ii) cy;Bg; tpUJ iii) fhgs; p gjff; k; iv) mog;gil ,awg; pay; gupR m) i, ii - rup M) i, ii, iii - rup ,) i, iv - rup <) ehd;Fk; rup [tpil: <) ehd;Fk; rup] 20. fyyP pnahtpd; epidt[ ehspy; gpweJ; / Id!; i; ldpd; gpwe;j ehspy; ,wej; tu; __________ m) epa{ll; d; M) b\\yd; bfy;yu; ,) !O; gd; \\hff; p= ; <) fpupnfhu; bkzl; y; [tpil: ,) !O; gd; \\hff; p=]; 21. !;Ogd; \\hf;fp=; vGjpa E}yf; Ss; `fhyjj; pd; RUff; khd tuyhW~ vd;w E}y; __________ bkhHpfspy; bkhHpbgauf; ;fg;gl;lJ. m) 30 M) 40 ,) 50 <) 70 [tpil: M) 40] 22. !O; gd; \\hf;fp=; vGjpa `fhyj;jpd; RUf;fkhd tuyhW~ btspte;j Mz;L __________ m) 1972 M) 1976 ,) 1982 <) 1988 [tpil: <) 1988] 23. bgUbtogg; [/ fUe;Jis Mfpait gw;wpa mupa czi; kfisg; bghJkff; spilna gug;gp/ xU nfhog; gofSfF; nky; tpw;gidahd E}y; __________ m) fhyj;jpd; RUf;fkhd tuyhW M) +hyj;jpd; RUf;fkhd tuyhW ,) \\hf;fp=f; pd; jjJ; t=f; s; <) bgUbtogg; k[ ; fUe;Jisa[k;  [tpil: m) fhyjj; pd; RUf;fkhd tuyhW] ,ay; 4 24. ``fLk; gflL; ahid beLen; ju;f; nfhij jpU khtpay; efu;f; fUt{u; KdJ; iw~~ vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y>; m) mfehD}W M) gw[ ehD}W ,) fypjb; jhif <) gupghly; [tpil: m) mfehD}W] 25. ``jpU khtpay; efuf; ; fUt{u; Kd;Jiw~~ vdg; jpy; Fwpg;gplgg; Lk; khtl;lk; m) fqu; M) bguk;gY}u; ,) j+;rht{u ; <) jpUr;rp [tpil: m) fqu]; 26. __________ ,y; eilbgw;w ghuh xypkg; pf; tpisahl;Lg; nghl;ofspd; bjhlf;f tpHh ehafu; vdw; rpwg;ig !;Ogd; \\hff; p=; bgw;whu.; m) 2010 M) 2005 ,) 2007 <) 2012 [tpil: <) 2012] 27. !;Ogd; \\hf;fp=; g=;nfw;w bjhiyff; hlr; pj; bjhluf; s; __________. i) mLjj; jiy Kiw ii) Kei; ja jiy Kiw iii) bgUbtogg; f[ ; nfhl;ghL iv) rpWbtog;gf[ ; nfhl;ghL m) i, ii - rup M) i, iii - rup ,) iii, iv - rup <) ehd;Fk; rup [tpil: M) i, iii - rup] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 163 28. !;Ogd; \\hf;fp=; R{lhd fhw;W epuk;gpa gY}dpy; thdpy; gwe;J jdJ __________ MtJ gpwej; ehisf; bfhz;lhodhu;. m) 40 M) 50 ,) 60 <) 70 [tpil: ,) 60] 29. !O; gd; \\hff; p=; __________ vd;w tpkhdj;jpy; g{$$; pa <u;gg; [ tpirg; gazji; j nkwb; fhzL; vilaww jd;ikia czu;ej; hu;. m) nghap=; 725 M) nghap=; 726 ,) nghap=; 727 <) nghap=; 729 [tpil: ,) nghap=; 727] 30. mwpt[j; njlypy; cly;/ cs;sj; jilfisj; jfuj; ;j khnkij __________. m) !O; gd; \\hff; p=; M) vord; ,) epa{l;ld; <) nkup fpa{up [tpil: m) !;Ogd; \\hff; p=]; 31. jiy tpjpjhd; thH;f;ifiaj; juP ;khdpff; pwJ vd ek;gg[ tu;fisg; ghu;jj; hy; vdfF; r; rpupg;gj[ hd; tUfpwJ. tpjpjhd; juP ;khdpff; pwJ vdw; hy; rhiyiaf; flfF; k; nghJ Vd; ,Ugw[ Kk; ghuj; ;Jf; flff; pwhu;fs>; vdW; Twpatu; __________. m) mup!l; hl;oy; M) bgu;dhl&; h ,) !O; gd; \\hf;fp= ; <) blkhjdp!; [tpil: ,) !O; gd; \\hff; p=]; 32. mwpittpl kpft[k; Kf;fpakhdJ fwg; idjj; pwd; vdW; Twpatu; __________. m) Id;!i; ld ; M) epa{l;ld; ,) !O; gd; \\hf;fp= ; <) vord; [tpil: m) Id!; ;ild]; 33. thHf; ;if vt;tst[ fodkhdjhf ,Ue;jhYk; btww; pff; hd tHp mjpy; ,Uff; nt braf; pwJ. eprr; ak; vd; Muha;r;rpapy; ehd; btyn; td;. mjd; @yk; kdpj ,dk; bjhlu tHp tFg;ngd; vd;W Twpatu; __________. m) Id!; i; ld ; M) epa{l;ld; ,) !;Ogd; \\hf;fp= ; <) vord; [tpil: ,) !;Ogd; \\hff; p=]; ,ay; 4 TLjy; tpdh beLtpdh 1. ``tpz;izj; jhzo; a ekg; pfi; f~~ fijapidr; RUf;fp vGJf. Fwpg;g[r;rll; k; Kd;Diu jsuhj ek;gpf;if \\hff; p=; fjput; Pr;R rpwg;gf[ s; epiwti[ u KdD; iu: cz;ikiaf; fzl; wpa[k; mwptpay; bfhsi; f nghw;WjYfF; upaJ MFk.; jdd; hy; vej; ,aff; Kk; bra;a ,ayhj epiyapYk/; mwptpaypd; czi; kfisr; brhdd; xUtu; !O; gd; \\hff; p=;. mtupd; ghuhl;LfF; upa bray;fisf; fhzn; ghk.; www.tnpscjob.com

164 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ jsuhj ekg; pfi; f: 21Mk; mfitapy; gf;fthjjj; hy; ghjpf;fgg; ll; hu; \\hf;fp=.; kUjJ; t cyfnk kpuz;L nghFkst[ nkYk; 53 Mz;Lfs; ,a=;fpdhu.; @rR; fF; Hha; jl=;fshy; ngr;ir ,He;jhu;. ngRk; jpwid ,Hej; nghJk; fdd; j;jir mirt[/ fz; rpkpl;ly; @yk; jd; fUjJ; fisf; fzpdpapy; jl;lrR; braJ; btspg;gLj;jpdhu;. \\hff; p=; fjpu;tPr;R: nguzl; g; bgUbtogg; pdhy; cUthdnj ,e;jg; g[dpj g{kp MFk;. !;Ogd; \\hf;fp=; mbkupff; mwptpay; mwp+u; $hd; tPyupd; fUe;Jisf; nfhlg; hli; l Muha;rr; p bra;jhu;. fUe;Jisapy; ,UeJ; btsptUk; fjput; PrR; k; mQj;Jfs;fSk; ,Wjpapy; btojJ; kiwa[k.; fUe;JisfF; s; bry;Yk; ve;j xd;Wk; jg;gpjJ; btsptu ,ayhJ. ,e;j Muha;r;rpapd; Kont `\\hff; p=; fjput; Pr;R~ vdgg; LfpwJ. rpwgg; f[ s;: mbkupf;fhtpd; caupa tpUjhd mjpgu; tpUJ/ Myg; ul; ; Id;!;ild; tpUJ/ cyg; ; tpUJ css; pl;l gy tpUJfisg; bgw;whu;. 2012 xypk;gpf; tpisahlL; g; nghlo; fspd; bjhlff; tpHh ehafu; vdw; rpwg;igg; bgww; hu;. Koti[ u: ``g{ xw;iwf; fhypy; epw;gjhy; Cdk; vdW; fUJtjpyi; y~~ mJnghy/ jd; cly; ,ayhikiag; bghUlg; Ljj; hky; rhjidg;g{thfp mwptpay; cyfpy; jpfHe; ;j \\hff; p=;nf ekfF; j; jdd; k;gpf;ifg; ghlk; vdyhk;. fwg; it fww; gpd; gf;fk;: 89 ,ay; 4 1. ``mwpittpl kpft[k; Kf;fpakhdJ fwg; idj; jpwd.; Vbddpy; mwpt[ vd;gJ ehk; jwn; ghJ mwpe;Jk; g[upe;Jk; itjj; pUgg; twn; whL KoeJ; tpLfpwJ. fw;gidj; jpwndh ,ej; xl;L bkhjj; g; nguzl; j;ija[k; msgg; J. ,dW; ehk; mwpe;jpUgg; ij klL; kdW; \" ,dp ehk; mwpe;J bfhss; g; nghtija[k; css; lf;fpaJ~~ ? Id;!;ild;. ``thHf; i; f vt;tst[ fodkhdjhf ,Uej; hYk; btww; pff; hd tHp mjpy; ,Uf;fnt bra;fpwJ. epr;rak; vd; Muhar; ;rpapy; ehd; bty;ntd.; mjd@; yk; kdpj ,dk; bjhlu tHp tFg;ngd~; ~ ? !O; gd; \\hff; p=;. ,tt; pUtupd; TwW; fisg; ghlg;gFjp czuj; J; k; fUjJ; fnshL xgg; plL; ciuahLf. kzp: mwpittpl kpft[k; Kff; pakhdJ fw;gidj; jpwd; vd mwptpay; mwp+u; Id!; i; ld; Twpas[ s; hnu. mijg; gww; pa fhuzk; vd;dthf ,UfF; k>; Kfpy;: mwpt[ vd;gJ ehk; jwn; ghJ mwpe;Jk; g[upe;Jk; itj;jpUgg; njhL Koe;J tpLfpwJ. fw;gidj; jpwndh ,e;j xlL; bkhj;jg; nguzl; ji; jak[ ; mse;J tpLfpwJ. ,dW; ehk; mwpe;jpUg;gij kl;LkdW; \" ,dp ehk; mwpe;J bfhss; g; nghtijak[ ; cs;slff; paJ. kzp: Id;!;ildJ E=Mc2 nfhl;ghl;il ahUk; VwW; f; bfhs;shjjwf; hd fhuzk; ,Jthf ,Uf;Fnkh> Kfpy;: Mk!; Id!; i; ld; <u;g;giyfs; Fwpjj; Kotf[ isf; fzpjr; rkd;ghLfs; @yk; nfhlg; hLfshfr; brhd;dhu.; mtuJ nfhl;ghLfis mwpt[j;jpwDld; fw;gidiaa[k; nru;jJ; ahUk; Vw;Wf; bfhs;stpyi; y. 100 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd; <u;g;giyfs; ,Ugg; ij cyfk; fzL; bfhz;lJ. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 165 kzp: `thH;f;if vt;tst[ fodkhf ,Uej; hYk; btw;wpff; hd tHp mjpy; ,Uf;fnt ,ay; 4 braf; pwJ~ vdW; !;Ogd; \\hff; p=; Twpaijg; gw;wp c=;fSila fUjJ; vd;d> Kfpy;: Mk; \\hf;fp=;fpd; Tw;WfF; mtnu rpwe;j cjhuzkhf ,Uff; pwhuf; s;. kzp: vgg; o> Kfpy:; 1963 Mk; MzL; gf;fthjk; vdD; k; eukg; [ nehahy; ghjpff; g;gl;l nghJ mtUfF; taJ 21. kUjJ; tu;fs; ,tu; rpy ehl;fs; kl;Lnk capnuhoUgg; hu; vd;wdu.; Mdhy; kUj;Jt cyfnk kpuzL; nghFkg; o 53 MzL; fs; ,a=f; pdhu;. 1985 ,y; @rR; f;FHy; jl=f; shy; ngRk; jpwid ,Hej; hu;. v+;rpaJ fd;dj;jpd; jirairtk[ ; fz; rpkpl;lYk; klL; nk. kzp: \\hf;fp=f; pd; clye; yf; Fiwtpw;Fk; jdd; k;gpfi; ffF; k; cs;s bjhlug; [ ahJ> Kfpy;: \\hf;fp=; mtUila fd;dj;J mirt[fs; @yk; jd; fUji; j jll; r;R bra;J btspg;gLj;jpdhu;. fUe;Jis gw;wp Muhar; r; p bra;J jd; nfhl;ghLfis tpz;kPd; ,af;fjn; jhL xgg; pl;L cyfk; g[upe;J bfhsS; k; tifapy; tpsf;fpdhu;. 1988Mk; Mz;L ,tu; ,aw;wpa `fhyjj; pd; RUff; khd tuyhW~ vd;w E}y; ehwg; J bkhHpfspy; bkhHp bgauf; f; gg; lL; ss; J. meE; }y; xU nfho gofSf;F nky; tpw;gidahfp css; J. kzp: fUe;Jisg; bgUbtog;g[ Mfpad gww; pa mupa cz;ikfs; meE; }ypy; css; d. mwptj[ ; njlypy; cly;/ cs;sj; jilfisj; jfuj; j; khnkij !O; gd; \\hf;fp=.; Kfpy;: czi; kjhd;.mtu;TwpajjJ; tjj; pw;Fmtnurpwe;jvLjJ; ff; hl;lhfthHe; ;jpUff; pwhu;. ,jj; ifa mwp+u;fisg; gww; pa braj; pfis tpsff; pa j=f; SfF; kpf;f ed;wp! 2. fUe;Jisr; rhu;e;j bra;jpia mwptpay; ,jH; xd;wpw;Ff; FW=;flL; iuahf vGJf. Fwpgg; [rr; l;lk; KdD; iu tpzk; Pd; RUf;fk; $hd; tPyu; fUjJ; \\hf;fp=; fjput; Pr;R fUe;Jisf; nfhlg; hL Kot[iu KdD; iu : ekJ ghy;tPjpapy; nfhoff; zff; hd tpz;kPd;fs; xspu;fpdw; d. mtwW; s; ek; +hapWk; xd;W tpzk; Pdf; spd; Ma[s; fhy Kotpy; epfGk; epfH;tf[ isg; gw;wp ,ff; l;Liuapy; fhz;nghk;. tpz;kPd; RUff; k; : xU tpzk; Pdpd; Mas[ ; fhy Kotpy; cs;nehf;fpa <ug; g; [ tpir TLfpwJ. mjdhy; tpzk; Pd; RU=f; j; bjhl=;FfpwJ. tpz;kPd; RU=f; r; RU=f; mjd; <u;gg; hw;wy; cau;eJ; bfhzn; l brd;W mstww; jhfpwJ. $hd; tyP u; fUj;J : fUeJ; is vd;w brhyi; yak[ ; nfhl;ghli; lak[ ; Kjd; Kjypy; btspapll; tu; $hdt; Pyu;. RU=f; pa tpzk; Pdpd; <ug; ;bgyi; yf;Fs; bry;fpw vJt[k; Vd; xspa[k; Tl <uf; ;fgg; Lk;. ,t;thW csb; rdw; vJtk[ ; btsptu Koahjjdhy; ,jidf; fUeJ; is vdw; hu; $hd; tPyu;. www.tnpscjob.com

166 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ \\hf;fp=; fjpu;tPr;R : rpy neu=f; spy; czi; k bgha;iaak[ ; kp+;Rtjhf mikfpwJ. fUe;Jisg; gww; pa cz;ikfSk; mg;gona. \\hf;fp=; nkwb; fhzl; fUeJ; is Muha;r;rp Kot[ \\hf;fp=; `fjpu;tPrR; ~ vd miHf;fg;gLfpwJ. fUe;Jisf; nfhl;ghL : fUe;JisapDs; bry;Yk; vej; xdW; k; jg;gpjJ; btspna tu KoahJ. fUeJ; isapd; <ug; ;g[ vyi; yapypUeJ; fjpu;tPr;Rfs; btspg;gl;Lf; bfhz;oUff; pdw; d. fUeJ; is cz;ikapnyna fUg;ghf ,Ug;gjpyi; y. fUe;Jisapy; ,UeJ; xU fll; jj; py; fjpu; tPr;Rk; mQjJ; fs;fSk; frpaj; bjhl=;fp ,Wjpapy; fUe;Jis btoj;J kiwe;J tpLk;. ,fn; fhl;ghLfis \\hff; p=; nfhlg; hLfshf btspaplhky; tpz;kPd; ,af;fj;njhL xg;gplL; tpsf;fpajhy; cyfk; fUe;Jisf; nfhl;ghli; l vspjpy; g[upe;J bfhz;lJ. Koti[ u : mzl; btspapy; fhzg;gLk; fUeJ; is mHpt[ Mww; y; vdW; fUjgg; l;lJ. Mdhy; \\hff; p=;/ fUeJ; isg; gilgg; pd; Mw;wy; vdW; epqgpjj; hu;.  ,ay; bjhHpyE; lg; k; fwf; z;L 4 ,yf;fzk; ? bghJ ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; ,ay; 4 gyt[s; bjupf 1. Fynrfu MHt; hu; `tpjJ; tf; nfhl;lkk; h~ vd;W Mz; bja;tji; j miHj;Jg; ghLfpwhu;. g{idahu; ghy; nrhwi; wf; fzl; Jk; tUfpwhu;. Mfpa bjhluf; spy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s tGtikjp Kiwna m) kug[ tGtikjp/ jpiz tGtikjp M) ,l tGtikjp/ kug[ tGtikjp ,) ghy; tGtikjp/ jpiz tGtikjp <) fhy tGtikjp/ ,l tGtikjp [tpil: ,) ghy; tGtikjp/ jpiz tGtikjp] FWtpdh 1. tUfpdw; nfhil tpLKiwapy; fhww; hiy kpd; cwg; jj; pia neupy; fhzg; jwF; Muyt; hab; khHpfF; r; bry;fpnwd; ? ,jb; jhlu; fhy tGtikjpfF; vLjJ; f;fhl;lhf miktJ vtt; hW> nfhilapy; gs;sp tpLKiw vdg; jhy; Muy;thab; khHpfF; r; bryy; j; jpl;lkpl;oUf;Fk; cWjpj;jdi; k nehff; p fhytGtikjpfF; vLjJ; ff; hll; hf ,j;bjhlu; mikfpwJ. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 167 2. ``rPru; vgn; ghJk; vd; brhyn; gr;irf; nfl;ghd;. gj[ patu;fisg; ghu;j;Jf; fj;Jthnd jtpu foff; khl;lhd~; ~ vd;W ,skhwd; jd;Dila tsug; ;g[ ehiag; gww; pg; bgUikahff; Twpdhu; ? ,jpy; cs;s jpiz tGf;fisj; jpUjj; p vGJf. rPru; vg;nghJk; vd; brhy; ngr;irf; nflF; k.; g[jpatu;fisg; ghu;j;Jf; FiufF; nk jtpu fof;fhJ vd;W ,skhwd; jd;Dila tsu;g;g[ ehiag; gww; pg; bgUikahff; Twpdhd;. rpWtpdh 1. neww; put[ bga;j kiH vy;yhk; bjhl;oia epiwjj; pUej; J. thiHj; njhg;gpy; Flo; a[ld; epd;wpUe;j khL fjj; paJ\" je;ij vd;dplk;/ ``,yr;Rkp Tgg; pLfpwhs/; ngha; ghu;~~ vd;whu.; `,njh brdW; tpl;nld;~~ vdw; thnw m=F; r; brdn; wd.; Js;spa Fl;oiaj; jltpfb; fhLjJ; / ``vdd; lh tpisahl ntzL; kh>~~ vdW; nflL; mtid mtpH;j;Jtpl;nld;. vd; j=;if m=n; f tej; hs/; mtsplk/; ``ePa[k; ,tDk; tpisahL=;fs;~~ vd;W Twpndd;. mtpHj; ;J tplgg; l;l ,yrR; kp bjhl;oapypUe;j ePiuf; Fojj; hs;. ,g;gj;jpapYs;s tGf;fisj; jpUj;jpak[ ; tGtikjpfisg; gl;oaypl;Lk; vGJ. jpUj;jg;gll; tGf;fs; : ŒŒ neww; put[ bga;j kiH bjhl;oia epiwjj; J. ŒŒ thiHj; njhll; jj; py; fd;Wld; epdw; pUe;j khL fjwpaJ. ŒŒ Js;spa fdi; wj; jltpfb; fhLj;j.... tGtikjpj; bjhluf; s; tGtikjp tif ŒŒ new;W bga;j kiH bjhl;oia epiwjj; pUe;jJ. (epiwej; J) fhy tGtikjp ,ay; 4 ŒŒ ,yl;Rkp Tg;gpLfpwhs;. (khl;ilf; Fwpf;fpwJ) jpiz tGtikjp ŒŒ ,njh brdW; tpln; ld;. (brd;W tpLfpnwd); fhytGikjp ŒŒ vd;dlh tpisahl ntzL; kh> (khl;ilf; Fwpff; pwJ) jpiz tGtikjp ŒŒ mtid mtpH;j;J tpln; ld;. (gR khl;ilf; Fwpf;fpwJ) jpiz tGtikjp ŒŒ ,yl;Rkp bjhl;oapypUej; ePiuf; Foj;jhs.; (khl;ilf; Fwpff; pwJ) jpiz tGtikjp TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. bghUjj; khd tpil tupiriaj; nju;e;bjLjJ; vGJf. m) jdi; k tpidfs; ? 1. ele;jha;/ te;jPu; M) Kdd; piy tpidfs; ? 2. ePu;/ eP=f; s; ,) glu;f;if tpidfs; ? 3. te;njd; te;njhk; <) Kdd; piy bgauf; s ; ? 4. tej; hd/; brdw; hd; m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 M) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 ,) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2 <) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 [tpil: ,) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2] www.tnpscjob.com

168 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 2. bghUjj; khd tpil tupiriaj; njue; ;bjLj;J vGJf. m) kUjd ; ? 1. gyug; hy; M) bgz;fs; ? 2. xd;wdg; hy; ,) ahid ? 3. Mz;ghy; <) gRff; s ; ? 4. gytpd;ghy; m) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 M) 3/ 1/ 2/ 4 ,) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 <) 4/ 1/ 3/ 2 [tpil: M) 3/ 1/ 2/ 4] [tpil: M) jpizapd]; 3. ghy; vdg; J __________ cl;gpupt[ MFk.; [tpil: M) @dW; ] m) jpizapd; M) jpizapd; ,) fhz;lj;jpd; <) glyjj; pd ; 4. cau;jpizapd; gpupt[fs; __________. m) ,uz;L M) @dW; ,) ehd;F <) Ie;J 5. mBwpizapd; gpupt[fs; __________. m) ,uzL; M) @dW; ,) ehdF; <) Ie;J [tpil: m) ,uzL; ] 6. ,lk; __________ tifgg; Lk.; m) ,uzL; M) @d;W ,) ehdF; <) MW [tpil: M) @dW; ] 7. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf. ? 1. jd;ik tpidfs; i) ehd/; ahd/; ehk/; ahk; ii) ten; jd/; ten; jhk; ? 2. jdi; kg; bgau;fs; iii) eP/ ePu/; ePtpu/; eP=;fs; iv) elej; ha/; tej; Pu/; brdw; Puf; s ; ? 3. Kdd; piy tpidfs; ,ay; 4 m) 2/ 1/ 4/ 3 ? 4. Kd;dpiyg; bgauf; s; ,) 2/ 4/ 3/ 1 M) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 [tpil: m) 2/ 1/ 4/ 3] 8. bghUjj; pf; fhlL; f. i) mtd; ? 1. jd;ik tpid ii) gwej; d ? 2. Kd;dpiy tpid iii) elej; ha; ? 3. gluf; ;if tpid iv) ten; jd ; ? 4. glu;fi; fg; bgau; m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 ,) 4/ 2/ 1/ 3 <) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] 9. bghUjj; pf; fhl;Lf. i) brHpad; tej; J ? 1. fhy tG ii) fzz; fp cz;lhd; ? 2. ,l tG iii) eP te;njd; ? 3. ghy; tG iv) new;W tUthd; ? 4. jpiz tG m) 4/3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 ,) 4/ 2/ 1/ 3 <) 2/ 1/ 3/ 4 [tpil: m) 4/3/ 2/ 1] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 169 10. xU tpuiyf; fhl;or; rpwpanjh> bgupanjh vd;W nflg; J __________ tG. m) tpil M) tpdh ,) kug[ <) fhy [tpil: M) tpdh] 11. fz;zd; v=;nf ,Uf;fpwhu; vd;w tpdhtpwF; f; fz;zho igfF; s; ,Uff; pwJ vdW; TWtJ __________ tG. m) ghy ; M) tpdh ,) tpil <) kug[ [tpil: ,) tpil] 12. bjd;id ku=f; s; css; gFjpiaj; bjdd; en; jhll; k; vdW; TWtJ __________ tG. m) ghy; M) tpdh ,) tpil <) kug[ [tpil: <) kug][ 13. bghUjj; pf; fhl;Lf. i) vd; mk;ik te;jhs; ? 1. ghy; tGtikjp 2. fhy tGtikjp ii) fjJ; =; Fapnyhir vd;wd; fhjpy; tpH ntzL; k; ? 3. kug[ tGtikjp 4. jpiz tGtikjp iii) FoauRj; jiytu; ehis jkpHfk; tUfpwhu ; ? [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] iv) thlh uhrh kfisg; ghuj; J; j; jha; miHgg; J ? m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 2/ 3/ 1/ 4 ,) 4/ 2/ 3/ 1 <) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 14. khwd; vdg; hd; jdi; dg; gww; pg; gpwuplk; TWkn; ghJ/ ``,ej; khwd; xU ehSk; bgha; Twkhl;lhd; vd;W TWtJ __________. m) ghy; tGkikjp M) jpiz tGtikjp ,) ,l tGtikjp <) kug[ tGtikjp [tpil: ,) ,l tGtikjp] 15. bghUj;Jf. ? m) bgz;ghy; [tpil: M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4.,] ,ay; 4 1. tPud;/ mzz; d/; kUjd; ? M) gyug; hy; 2. kfs;/ murp/ jiytp ? ,) xdw; dg; hy; 3. kff; s;/ bgz;fs;/ Mltu ; ? <) Mzg; hy; 4. ahid/ gw[ h/ kiy M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4., <) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.< m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., ,) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.< 16. bghUjJ; f. 1. eP ten; jd ; ? m) ,l tHhepiy 2. eP tej; ha; ? M) ,l tG 3. newW; tUthd; ? ,) fhy tHhepiy 4. new;W te;jhd; ? <) fhy tG m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4., ,) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.< <) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.< [tpil: m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4.,] 17. bghUj;Jf. 1. vd; mki; k tej; hs; vdW; khli; lf; TWtJ ? m) ghy; tGtikjp M) ,ltGtikjp 2. thlh ,uhrh/ thlh fz;zh vd kfisj; jha; miHgg; J ? www.tnpscjob.com

170 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ 3. ,e;j khwd; xU ehSk; bgha; Twkhll; hd; vd khwd; gpwuplk; brhy;tJ ? ,) fhy tGtikjp 4. FoauRj; jiytu; ehis jkpHfk; tUfpwhu; ? <) jpiztGtikjp m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4., ,) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.< <) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.< [tpil: M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4.,] FWtpdh 1. jpiz vj;jid tifg;gLk>; mit ahit> jpiz ,uz;L tifg;gLk.; mit: cau;jpiz/ mBwpiz. 2. ghy; vdw; hy; vdd; > mjd; tiffisf; TW.. ghy; vd;gJ jpizapd; clg; pupt.[ ghy; IeJ; tifg;gLk;. mit: Mzg; hy/; bgz;ghy;/ gyu;ghy/; xdw; dg; hy;/ gytpdg; hy;. 3. cauj; pizf;Fupa ghy;fs; vjj; id> mit ahit> cauj; pizf;Fupag; ghyf; s; @dW; . mit: Mz;ghy;/ bgz;ghy;/ gyu;ghy;. 4. mBwpizf;Fupa ghy; gFg;g[fs; vj;jid> mit ahit> mBwpizfF; upag; ghy; gpuptf[ s; ,uz;L. mit: xdw; d;ghy;/ gytpd;ghy.; 5. cauj; pizf;Fupa ghy; gFg;g[fisf; TWf. ŒŒ tPud/; mz;zd/; kUjd; ? Mzg; hy; (xU Miz kl;Lk; Fwpf;Fk); ŒŒ kfs;/ murp/ jiytp ? bgz;ghy; (xdW; fF; nkwg; l;l egiuf; FwpfF; k;) ŒŒ kf;fs;/ bgzf; s;/ Mltu; ? gyu;ghy; (xdW; fF; nkwg; l;l egiuf; FwpfF; k); 6. mBwpizf;Fupa ghy; gFg;g[fisf; TWf. ŒŒ mBwpizapy; xdw; id kl;Lk; Fwpgg; J xd;wdg; hy;. v.fh: ahid/ g[wh/ kiy ŒŒ mBwpizapy; gytw;iwf; Fwpg;gJ gytpdg; hy.; v.fh: gRff; s/; kiyfs.; ,ay; 4 7. ,lk; vjj; id tifg;gLk;> mit ahit> ,lk; @d;W tifg;gLk.; mit: jdi; k/ Kd;dpiy/ gluf; ;if. 8. tG ? tHh epiy ,tw;wpw;fpilna cs;s ntWghLfisf; TWf. tG epiy tHh epiy ,yff; z Kiwapd;wpg; ngRtJk; ,yf;fz Kiwa[ld; gpiHapdw; pg; vGJtJk; tGepiy. ngRtJk; vGJtJk; tHh epiy. 9. tG vjj; id tifgg; Lk;> mit ahit> tG VG tifg;gLk.; mit: jpiz tG/ ghy; tG/ ,l tG/ fhy tG/ tpdh tG/ tpil tG/ kug[ tG. 10. tGtikjp vdw; hy; vdd; > ,yff; z Kiwgg; o gpiHai[ laJ vdpDk/; ,yf;fz Mrpupau;fshy; VnjDk; xU fhuzk; fUjp/ gpiHadW; vd Vw;Wf; bfhs;sg;gLtJ tGtikjp MFk;. 11. tGtikjp vjj; id tifgg; Lk>; mit ahit> tGtikjp Ie;J tifg;gLk.; mit: jpiz tGtikjp/ ghy; tGtikjp/ ,l tGtikjp/ fhy tGtikjp/ kug[ tGtikjp. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 171 12. jpiz tGtikjpf;Fr; rhdW; je;J mjwf; hd fhuzj;ijf; TWf. ,ay; 4 v.fh : ``vd; mk;ik tej; hs;~~ vdW; khli; lg; ghu;j;Jf; TWtJ jpiz tG. fhuzk; : ctg;gpd; fhuzkhf mBwpiz cau;jpizahff; bfhss; g;gll; J. 13. ghy; tGtikjpf;Fr; rhd;W jeJ; mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; TWf. v.fh : ``thlh uhrh/ thlh fzz; h~~ vdW; jd; kfisg; ghuj; J; f; TWtJ ghy; tGtikjp. fhuzk; : ctg;gpd; fhuzkhf bgz;ghy; Mz;ghyhff; bfhss; g;gll; J. 14. ,l tGtikjpf;Fr; rhd;W je;J mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; TWf. v.fh : k hwd; vdg; hd; jd;idg; gww; p gpwuplk; TWkn; ghJ/ ``,ej; khwd; xU ehSk; bgha; Tw khll; hd;~~ vdf; TWjy.; fhuzk; : jd;ikapidg; gluf; i; f ,ljj; py; TWtjhy; ,ltGtikjp MapwW; . 15. fhy tGtikjpfF; r; rhdW; je;J mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; TWf. v.fh : FoauRj; jiytu; ehis jkpHfk; tUfpwhu;. (tUthu; vdg; nj rup) fhuzk; : F oauRj; jiytu; ehis tUthu; vd mikjy; ntz;Lk;. tUifapd; cWjpj; jdi; k fhuzkhf fhy tGtikjpahf VwW; f; bfhs;fpnwhk.; 16. kug[ tGtikjpf;Fr; rhd;W je;J mjwf; hd fhuzji; jf; TWf. v.fh : ``fjJ; =; Fapnyhir vd;wd; fhjpy; tpH ntz;Lk;~~?ghujpahu.; (Fapy; Ttk[ ; ? kug)[ fhuzk; : F apy; Ttk[ ; vdg; J kug[. ghujpahu; kfhftp/ mtu; Fapy; fj;Jk; vd;W Twpajhy; tGthapDk; kug[ tGtikjpahf Vw;Wf;bfhss; g;gLfpwJ. 17. tuP d/; mz;zd/; kUjd; Mfpa brhwf; s; vtt; ifj; jpiz vt;tifg; ghy; vdf; Fwpgg; pLf. ŒŒ jpiz : cauj; piz ŒŒ ghy; : Mzg; hy; 18. kfs/; murp/ jiytp Mfpa brhwf; s; vt;tifj; jpiz vt;tifg; ghy; vdf; Fwpgg; pLf. ŒŒ jpiz : cauj; piz ŒŒ ghy; : bgzg; hy; 19. kf;fs/; bgz;fs/; Mltu; Mfpa brhw;fs; vtt; ifj; jpiz vt;tifg; ghy; vdf; Fwpg;gpLf. ŒŒ jpiz : cauj; piz ŒŒ ghy; : gyug; hy; 20. ahid/ g[wh/ kiyMfpa brhwf; s; vt;tifj; jpiz vt;tifg; ghy; vdf; Fwpg;gpLf. ŒŒ jpiz : mBwpiz ŒŒ ghy; : xdw; dg; hy; 21. gRf;fs;/ kiyfs; Mfpa brhwf; s; vtt; ifj; jpiz vtt; ifg; ghy; vdf; Fwpg;gpLf. ŒŒ jpiz : mBwpiz ŒŒ ghy; : gytpdg; hy; 22. tHh epiy vjj; id tifgg; Lk>; mit ahit> tHhepiy VG tifg;gLk;. mitahtd: 1. jpiz tHhepiy/ 2. ghy; tHhepiy/ 3. ,ltHhepiy/ 4. fhytHhepiy/ 5. tpdhtHhepiy/ 6. tpiltHhepiy/ 7. kug[tHhepiy www.tnpscjob.com

172 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ 23. ``ehd; nju;tpy; nju;r;rpaileJ; tpl;nld~; ~ vdW; njut; [ Kot[fs; btsptUk; Kdg; [ TWk; tGtikjp ahJ> fhy tGtikjp\" ekg; pfi; fapd; mog;gilapy; Twgg; LtJ. rpWtpdh 1. @tplg; bgauf; isg; bgau;'tpid mogg; ilapy; vLj;Jff; hl;Lld; glo; aypLf. ,lk; bgau'; tpid vLj;Jff; hlL; jd;ik jd;ikg; bgauf; s; ehd;/ ahd;/ ehk/; ahk; Kd;dpiy glu;f;if jdi; k tpidfs; ten; jd/; te;njhk; Kdd; piyg; bgauf; s; eP/ ePu;/ ePtpu;/ eP=;fs.; ..... Kdd; piy tpidfs; ele;jha/; tej; Pu/; brd;wPuf; s.; .... glu;fi; fg; bgau;fs; mtd;/ mts;/ mtu/; mJ/ mit...... gluf; i; f tpidfs; tej; hd/; brdw; hs/; gojj; du;/ ngrpdhu;fs/; gwe;jJ/ gwe;jd....... ,ay; 4 2. brHpad; te;jJ fz;zfp czl; hd; eP ten; jd; newW; tUthd;. xU tpuiyf; fhlo; r; `rpwpanjh> bgupanjh> vdW; nfll; y;. fzz; d; v=;nf ,Uff; pwhu>; vdw; tpdhtpwF; f; fz;zho igfF; s; ,Uf;fpwJ vdW; tpilaspj;jy;. bjdi; d ku=;fs; cs;s gFjpiaj; bjd;de;njhl;lk; vdW; TWjy; ? ,jb; jhluf; spy; cs;s tG vtt; if tG vdt[k; tGit efP f; pa[k; gl;oaypLf. tG tif tG tHhepiy jpiz brHpad; te;jJ. brHpad; tej; hd.; ghy; ,lk; fzz; fp czl; hd;. fz;zfp cz;lhs;. fhyk; tpdh eP te;njd.; eP te;jha.; tpil newW; tUthd.; new;W tej; hd.; kug[ xU tpuiyf; fhlo; r; ``rpwpanjh> ,U tpuyf; isf; fhl;o `vJ rpwpaJ>~ bgupanjh>~~ vdW; nfll; y.; vJ bgupaJ vdW; nfl;ly.; `fz;zd; v=n; f ,Uf;fpwhu;> vd;w fzz; d; v=;nf ,Uff; pwhu;> vd;w tpdhtpw;Ff; fzz; ho igf;Fs; tpdhtpw;F fzz; d; tPl;owF; s; ,Uff; pwJ vd;W tpilaspjj; y.; ,Uff; pwhu; vdW; tpilaspj;jy;. bjdi; d ku=;fs; gFjpiaj; bjdd; e; bjd;id ku=;fs; cs;s gFjpiaj; njhll; k; vdW; TWjy.; bjd;de;njhgg; [ vd;W TWjy.; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 173 fw;git fw;wgpd; gff; k:; 92 1. fPHf; ;fhQk; bjhluf; spy; tGtikjp tiffis ,d=f; z;L vGJf. ,ay; 4 m) mikrr; u; ehis tpHhtpw;F tUfpwhu;. fhy tGtikjp. M) ``,e;jf; fz;zd; xd;iwr; bra;jhd; vdw; hy; midtUk; Vw;gu~; ~ vdW; Twpdhd;. ,l tGtikjp. ,) rpwpa tajpy; ,ej; kujj; py;jhd; C+r; y; flo; tpisahLnthk.; fhy tGtikjp. <) bry;td; ,sntyd; ,e;jr; rpWtajpnyna tpisahlL; j; Jiwapy; rhjid gu[ pej; pUf;fpwhu;. ghy; tGtikjp. 2. milg;g[f; FwpfF; s; css; thW khw;Wf. m) j ei; j/ ``kfnd- ehis cd;Dila njhHd; mHfid miHj;J th-~~ vd;W brhdd; hu.; (Mzg; hw; bgau;fisg; bgz;ghw; bgauf; shf khww; p vGJ) jha/; ``kfns- ehis cd;Dila njhHp mHfpia miHj;J th~~ vdW; brhdd; hs.; M) m f;fh newW; tPlL; f;F tej; J. mf;fh gw[ gg; Lk;nghJ mkk; h tHpaDg;gpaJ. (tGit tHhepiyahf khwW; f) mf;fh new;W tPlo; wF; tej; hs;. mff; h g[wgg; Lk;nghJ mkk; h tHpaDg;gpdhu(; dhs); . ,) ``,njh KojJ; tpLntd;~~ vdW; braiy KofF; k; Kdn; g Kd;du; Twpdhu.; (tHhepiyia tGtikjpahf khw;Wf) ``,njh KojJ; tpl;nld;~~ vdW; braiy KofF; k; Kdd; u; Twpdhu;. <) m td; cdd; plKk; vd;dplKk; bra;jpia ,dD; k; Twtpyi; y. (glu;f;ifia Kd;dpiyahf/ Kdd; piyiaj; jdi; kahf/ jdi; kiag; glu;fi; fahf khwW; f) eP vd;dplKk; mtdplKk; bra;jpia ,d;Dk; Twtpyi; y. c) F He;ij mGfpwhd; ghu;. (tGit tHhepiyahf khw;Wf). FHe;ij mGfpwJ ghu.; bkhHpia Msn; thk; gff; k;: 95 bkhHp bgau;f;f. Malar Devi, switch off the lights when you njtp/ eP miwia tpl;L btspna bry;Yk; Kd; Devi leave the room. tpsfi; f mizjJ; tpL. Malar Yeah, we have to save electricity. Mk;/ ehk; kpdr; huji; jr; nrkpf;f ntzL; k.; Devi Our nation spends a lot of electricity ek; ehL bjU tpsf;Ffis vupa itg;gjw;F for lighting up our streets in the night. epiwa kpdr; huji; jr; bryt[ bra;fpwJ. W ho knows? In future our country ahUf;Fj; bjupa[k;> tU=;fhyjj; py; ek; ehL may launch artificial moons to light brawi; f epyhit epWtp ,utpy; thdjj; py; our night time sky! tpsf;Ffis vupa itf;fyhk.; www.tnpscjob.com

174 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ Malar I have read some other countries tU=;fhyj;jpy; epiwa ehLfs; ,t;tifahd Devi are going to launch these types of brawi; ff;nfhis epWt ,Ugg; jhf ehd; illumination satellites near future. thrpj;Js;nsd.; S uperb news! If we launch artificial ey;y braj; p! ehk; braw;if epyit epWtpdhy; moons, they can assist in disaster mJ nguHpt[ kw;Wk; kpdr; huk; ,yy; hj rkajj; py; relief by beaming light on areas that xspa{lo; epthuz cjtpfis braa; tHp lost power! braf; pwJ- ty;ypd xw;iw ,l;Lk; ePf;fpak[ ; vGJf. fhfjj; pwF; fhJ cz;lh> mjw;F fhJ nflF; kh> vy;yh gwitfSf;Fk; fhJ cz;L. brtp Jisfs; ,wFfshy; @o ,UfF; k.; kww; go ghY}lo; fspy; cs;sJnghy; g[wbrtpkly; ,Uf;fhJ. fhfjj; pw;F fhJ cz;L. fhJf; nflF; k; gwitfSf;F ghuj; ;jy;/ nfl;ly; czut; [ edw; hf tsu;r;rpg; bgw;W ,Uf;Fk;. Ritj;jy; czut; f[ ; Fiwthft[k; Efu;jy; czut; [ ,yi; ybadn; wf; Twyhk;. a[nufh- a[nufh- ? mwptpay; btspaPL. tpil : fhfj;jpwF; f; fhJ cz;lh> mjw;Ff; fhJ nflF; kh> vy;yhg; gwitfSfF; k; fhJ czL; . brtpjJ; isfs; ,wFfshy; @o ,Uf;Fk;. kww; go ghY}l;ofspy; cs;sJnghy; gw[ r;brtpkly; ,Uf;fhJ. fhfj;jpw;Ff; fhJ czL; / fhJf; nflF; k; gwitfSf;Fg; ghuj; j; y/; nfl;ly; czut; [ edw; hf tsu;r;rp bgw;W ,UfF; k;. Ritj;jy; czu;t[ Fiwthft[k; Efu;jy; czut; [ ,yi; ybad;nw Twyhk;. bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,Ubrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp xU bjhlu; mikf;f. m) ,aw;if ? braw;if v.fh : ghijbjupahj,awi; ff;fhLfspy;gazpff; r;braw;iff;fUtpfs;gadg; Lfpdw; d. ,ay; 4 M) bfhL ? nfhL ,uhftd; jd; ez;gd; bfhLj;j mst[nfhiyf; bfhzL; nfhL tiuej; hd.; ,) bfhs; ? nfhs; nfhsf; spd; ,af;fk; gww; p mwpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. <) rpW ? rPW rpW bghe;JfF; s; ,UeJ; ghk;g[ rPWtijf; fz;nld.; c) jhd; ? jhk; ,uhkd/; ``jhd; jhd; Fww; thsp~~ vd;W jhnk xgg; [f; bfhzl; hd.; C) tpjp ? tPjp fz;zdpd; jiytpjp mtid tPjpapy; epWj;jpaJ. gj;jpiag; goj;Jg; gjpy; jUf. gUgb; ghUsf; s; rpjWkg; oahfg; gy CHpff; hy=;fs; fleJ; brd;wd. gt[ p cUthd nghJ beUgg; [g; geJ; nghy; tps=f; pa CHpf;fhyk; njhd;wpaJ. gpd;du; g[tp FspUkg; oahfj; bjhlue; J; kiH bghHpej; CHpf;fhyk; fle;jJ. mtt; hW bjhlue; ;J bgaj; kiHahy; gt[ p bts;sjj; py; @H;fpaJ. ,g;go kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; rpwg;ghfpa Mww; y; kpFeJ; brwpjJ; jpuz;L ,g;goahf (bts;sjj; py; @H;Fjy;) elej; ,e;jg; bgupa cyfj;jpy;/ capu;fs; thH;tjw;F Vww; NHyhfpa www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 175 cs;sPL njhd;wpaJ. capuf; s; njhdW; epiybgWk; goahf ,g;bgupa gt[ papy; CHpff; hyk; ,ay; 4 fle;jJ. tpdhf;fs; : 1. gj;jpapy; cs;s mLf;Fj; bjhlu;fis vLjJ; vGJf. 2. g[tp Vd; bts;sj;jpy; @H;fpaJ> 3. bgaj; kiH ? ,j;bjhliu tpidj;bjhifahf khw;Wf. 4. ,gg; jj; p czu;j;Jk; mwptpay; bfhs;if ahJ> 5. capu;fs; thHt; jw;F Vww; NHyhf etP pu; fUJtd ahit> tpilfs; : 1. kPzL; k; kPzL; k;. 2. bjhlue; ;J bgaj; kiHahy; gt[ p bts;sjj; py; @Hf; paJ. 3. bga;kiH. 4. gUg;bghUsf; s; rpjWjy; (bgU btog;g[f; bfhs;if). 5. epyk;/ ePu/; fhw;W/ beUgg; [. fl;Liu vGJf. jiyg;g[ ? tpz;btspa[k; fy;gdh rht;yht[k; Fwpgg; [r; rll; k; KdD; iu gpwgg; [ fyt; p tpz;btspg; gazk; bfhykg; pah tpzf; y epfH;t[ tpUJfSk; m=;fPfhu=f; Sk; Koti[ u KdD; iu : `MQf;Fg; bgz; ruprkk~; vd;w fUji; j bka;g;gpf;Fk; tzz; k; tpzb; tspapy; fhyg; jpj;j ,ej; pahtpd; Kjy; bgzk; zp vdw; bgUikf;Fupatu; fyg; dh rhty; h. mtiug; gw;wp ,f;flL; iuapy; fhz;nghk.; gpwgg; [ : ``epyhitg; ghuj; J; nrhW czQ; k; nghnj epyt[f;Fr; bryt; ijna fdt[ fz;lts; eP~~ ŒŒ 01.07.1961 mdW; ,ej; pahtpy; css; \\upahdh khepyj;jpy; gpwej; hu.; ŒŒ bgw;nwhu; ? gdhu!; yhy; rhty; h (jei; j)/ rd;nahfpjh njtp (jha); . ŒŒ g+;rhgpf; FLk;gj;ijr; rhue; j; ts;. ŒŒ `fy;gdh~ vdw; hy; `fwg; id~ vdW; bghUs;. ŒŒ ,tUf;Fr; Rdpjh kwW; k; jPgh vd;w ,U rnfhjupfSk; r+;ra; vd;w rnfhjuDk; ,Uff; pdw; du;. fy;tp : fud; ypy; css; jhTu; muRg; gss; papy; Muk;gf; fy;tpiaj; bjhl=f; pdhu.; 1982?,y; rzo; fupy; css; ``g+r; hg; bghwpapay; fyY; }upapy; tpkhd Cuj; papay; Jiwapy; ,s=;fiyg; www.tnpscjob.com

176 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; 4 gll; k; bgw;whs.; 1984?,y; mbkupf;fhtpy; cs;s ``blfr; h!; gy;fiyf;fHfjj; py; KJfiyg; gll; k~; ~ bgw;whs.; 1988?,y; tpzb; tspg; bghwpapay; Jiwapy; Kidtu; gll; k; bgww; hu;. tpz;btspg; gazk; : ŒŒ ehrh Muha;r;rpf; Tlj;jpy; ``Xbrub; rl; nkbjhl;!; ,d;f; ,y~; ~ Jizjj; iytuhf bghWg;ngww; hu;. ŒŒ 1995?,y; ehrh tpzb; tsp tPuu; gapw;rpf; FGtpy; nru;ej; hu.; ŒŒ 1 997 Mk; MzL; bfhyk;gpa tpzb; tsp Cu;jpahd STS - 87y; Kjy; tpz;btsp gazj;ijj; bjhl=;fpdhu;. ŒŒ 372 kzp neuk; tpzb; tspapnyna ,Ue;J rhjid giljj; hu.; bfhykg; pah tpzf; y epfH;t[ : ŒŒ 16.01.2003y; mbkupff; htpd; bfdd; o epiyaj;jpypUe;J bfhykg; pah tpz;fyk; v!;.o.v!; ? 107 (STS - 107) tpz;zpy; brYj;jgg; ll; J. ŒŒ ,e;j tpz;fyjj; py; rht;yh cl;gl VG ngu; gazpjj; du.; ŒŒ g jpdhW ehl;fs; Mai; t Koj;Jtpl;L jpUkg; pa nghJ/ mbkupff; htpd; blf;!h!; thd; gug;gpy; mtt; pzf; yk; btoj;Jr; rpjwpaJ. ŒŒ rht;yh clg; l VG ngUk; gypahfpdu.; tpUJfSk; m=;fPfhu=;fSk; : ŒŒ , sk; bgz; tp+;+hdpfis Cf;Ftpff; jkpHf murh=f; k; ``fy;gdh rht;yh~~ tpUjpid 2004 Mk; Mz;oypUe;J tH=;fp tUfpwJ. ŒŒ ehrh !n; g!; gpisl; bkly.; ŒŒ ehrh o!o; =;Ftp&;l; ru;tP!; bkly;. ŒŒ epa{ahu;ff; py; cs;s xU bjUtpw;Ff; ``fyg; dh (way)~~ vdg; bgau; Nll; gg; lL; ss; J. Kot[iu : ŒŒ bgzz; pdj;jpw;nf bgUik nru;ej; tu; fyg; dh. ŒŒ ``fdtf[ isf; fzL; mej; f; fdt[fis edthfF; tjwF; tplh Kaw;rpnahLk; KGkdnjhLk; bray;gl;lhy; btw;wp epr;rak~; ~ vd;w cz;ikia cyfpwF; czuj; j; pr; brdw; tPug;bgzi; z ehKk; nghwW; nthk.; e.P .... ,ej; padhfg; gpwe;jjJ bgUik mijtpl ,ej; pahtf[ ;nf e.P .... bgUik- eak; ghuhl;Lf. epyhita[k; thdj;J kPida[k; fhwi; wak[ ; neu;gg; l itjj; h=n; f Fyht[k; mKjf; FHki; gf; Foj;bjhU nfhy btwpgilj;njhk;\" cyhtk[ ; kdrr; pW g[ss; pid v=f; Qk; Xl;o kfpH;ej; pLnthk;\" www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 177 gyhtpd; fdprR; is tz;oapy; Xu; tz;L ghLtJk; tpagn; gh> ? ghujpahu; jiyg;g[ : ,aw;if Mrpupau; : ghujpahh jpuz;l fUj;J : thiHf;F mHF FUj;J braa; [Sf;F mHF jpuz;l fUjJ; epyh/ tpzk; Pd/; fhwW; Mfpa ,twi; wbayy; hk; brki; ka[ww; Vw;gLj;jp itjJ; / mtww; pbyy;yhk; njha;eJ; s;sJ. jpUtUshfpa mKjurk;. me;j mKjurji; jg; gUfp/ mHfpa cdd; j epiyfF; ahk; cs;shndhk;. cyt[fpd;w kdkhfpa rpWgwitia v=;bf=;Fk; brYj;jpf; fspgg; ilnthk;. gyhrR; is Vww; g;gll; tz;oia xU tzl; hdJ hP=;fhuk; braJ; tll; kpLtJ Mr;rupafukhdjh vdd; > bjhil eak; : bjhilaw;w ghl;L eilaw;Wg; nghFk; braa; [spy; vJif/ nkhid/ ,iag/[ Kuz; Mfpa cWgg; f[ shy; bjhLf;fgg; LtJ bjhil. nkhid eak; : nkhidaw;w ghlL; nridaww; ehL braa; s[ py; monjhWk; myy; J rPu;njhWk; Kjy; vGjJ; xd;wp tUtJ nkhid vdgg; Lk.; rhdW; : Fyht[k;/ FHki; gf;/ Fojb; jhU vJif eak; : ,ay; 4 tuP j;JfF; mHF nt=;if ghl;Lf;F mHF vJif Kjy; vGjJ; msbthjJ; ,Uf;f ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xdw; ptUtJ vJif vdgg; Lk;. rhd;W: mo vJif: epyhita[k; Fyht[k; cyhtk[ ; gyhtpd; mzp eak; : nfhtpYfF; kzp mHF braa; [SfF; mzp mHF ,gg; hlypy; ,ay;g[ etpwr; p mzp ,lk; bgwW; s;sJ. www.tnpscjob.com

178 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ bkhHpnahL tpisahL gff; k;: 96 b jhliug; goj;J tpiliaf; fz;lwpf. (nrhW/ fww; y;/ fU/ g{tpy/; vGjJ; ) 1. E}ypd; gad; gojj; y; vdpy/; fy;tpapd; gad; fw;wy;. 2. tpijfF; j; njit vU vdpy;/ fijfF; j; njit fU. 3. fy; rpiy MFbkdpy/; bey; nrhW MFk;. 4. Fuypy; ,Ue;J ngrR; vdpy/; tpuypy; ,Ue;J vGjJ; . 5. kPd; ,Ug;gJ ePupy/; njd; ,Ug;gJ g{tpy.; Fwpg;igg; gad;gLj;jp tpil jUf. vjpu;kiwahd brhwf; s; Fwpgg; [ kPz;l ,d;gk; kPshj; Jau; bfhLf;fhJ rptf;fhJ bfhLjJ; r; rpte;j kiwff; hJ fhl;lhnj kiwj;Jf; fhlL; bjhiytpy; epy; mUfpy; mkuf; rpwpatupd; ,iurr; y; bgupatupd; mikjp ga[ Yf;F Kd; g[aYfF; g; gpd; ,ay; 4 mfuhjpapy; fhz;f. mtpuj; y ; ? xsp bra;jy;/ gPuy/; tpupjy/; ghlk; bra;jy.; mHy ; ? cl;lzk;/ vUfF; / fs;sp/ nfl;il ehs/; bfhLntyp/ brtt; ha;/ jP/ eufk;/ btgg; k;/ bghwhik/ mGjy.; cth ? mkhthrp/ ,sik/ ,isnahd;/ fly/; epiwt[/ g{uiz/ ahid/ thypgd;/ cfhkuk.; f=;Fy ; ? ,ut/[ ,Us;/ guzp ehs.; fdyp ? fs;sp/ bfhLntyp/ fupad/; beUgg; [/ Nupad;. fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw vGJf. khlo; w;F...... @ff; zh=f; apW nghLk; khdplg; gpwtpfns- ,njh...... cdfF; @ff; zh=;fapW nghl teJ; tpll; hd; jpwdn; grp ehafd~; ~ jpwdn; grpfF; moikahdhy; ,Jjhd;....... ehisa epiyik www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 179 bray;jpll; k; braw;if Ez;zwpitg; gadg; Lj;Jk; tzpf epWtd=;fs; rpy ,a=;fp tUfpd;wd. brawi; f Ezz; wpitg; gad;gLjJ; k; nuhnghff; is cUthf;Fk; epWtd=;fs; rpy cyfpdpy; ,Uf;fpdw; d. mtwi; wg; gw;wpa gl=;fSld; Fwpg;g[ vGjp tUf. bra;jp ?1 : ŒŒ $gg; hdpy; rhgl; ; t=f; p cUthf;fpa ,aej; pu kdpjnd bggg; u;. ŒŒ ,J cyf mstpy; tpw;gidahFk; xU nuhngh. ŒŒ tPl;LfF; / tzpfjJ; f;F/ gogg; [fF; vd;W @d;W tif nuhnghf;fs; fpilf;fpd;wd. ŒŒ , it kdpjdpd; KfghtidfspypUeJ; czut; [fisg; gu[ peJ; bfhz;L mjw;nfwg; brayg; Lfpdw; d. ŒŒ b gg;giu tuntwg; hsuhft[k/; gzpahsuhft[k; tPLfspYk; tzpf epWtd=f; spYk; czt[ tpLjpfspYk; gadg; LjJ; fpwhuf; s;. braj; p ? 2 : ŒŒ 2016,y; I.gp.vk.; epWtdjj; pd; brawi; f Ezz; wptf[ ; fzpdpahd thl;rd/; rpy epkpl=;fspy; ,uz;L nfhoj; jut[fis myrp/ nehahsp xUtupd; g[wW; nehiaf; fzL; gpojj; J. braj; p ? 3 : ŒŒ \\ h=;fh=; efuj;jpd; \\hdr; d; nuhnghlo; f!; ; epWtdk; cUthff; pa nrhgpah vdD; k; ,ae;jpug; bgzQ; f;F brsjp mnugpahtpy; Foa[upik tH=;fpapUff; pwhu;fs.; ŒŒ ,jDila ciuahlyf; Sk/; KfghtidfSk; kdpjuf; isg; nghd;wpUej; d. fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk; kPEz; bjhHpyE; l;gk ; ? Nanotechnology ,ay; 4 tpz;btspj; bjhHpy;Elg; k ; ? Space Technology capupj; bjhHpy;El;gk; ? Biotechnology tpz;btspf; fjpu;fs ; ? Cosmic Rays g[wCjhf; fjpuf; s; ? Ultraviolet Rays mfrr; ptgg; f[ ; fjpu;fs; ? Infrared Rays epwf; mjwF; j; jf bjhiyf;fhlr; p epfHt; [fisna ghuj; ;Jf; bfhz;oUfF; k; jk;gp\" jpwd; ngrpapnyna tpisahof; bfhz;oUf;Fk; j=;if\" fhbzhyp tpisahl;Lfspy; @H;fpapUfF; k; njhHd\"; vgn; ghJk; r@f Clf=;fspy; ,a=f; pago ,UfF; k; njhHp\" ,tu;fs; ve;neuKk; elgg; [yfpy; ,Uf;fhky; fwg; id cyfpy; kpjg;gtu;fshf ,Uff; pwhu;fs!; ,tu;fis bewpg;gLj;jp eilKiw cyfpy; bray;gl itff; eP=f; s; bra;a[k; Kawr; pfisg; gl;oay; ,Lf. tpil : ŒŒ fgo/ rJu=f; k; nghd;w tpisahl;Lfis tpisahlr; bra;ntd;. ŒŒ nfhyp/ gk;guk; nghdw; tpisahlL; fis tpisahlr; bra;ntd;/ ŒŒ E}yfj;jpw;F miHjJ; r; bry;ntd.; ŒŒ r@fnrit bra;a gHf;Fntd.;  www.tnpscjob.com

180 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; fyt; p ciueil cyfk; 5 bkhHpbgau;g;g[f; fy;tp ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf ,ay; 5 1. `khghujk; jkpH;g]gLj;Jk; kJuhgu[ pr] r=f; k; itjJ; k~; vdD; k; rpd;dkD}h]r; brg]nglL; f; Fwpg;g[ czh]j;Jk; bra;jp __________. m) r=;f fhyjj; py] bkhHpbgaug; g] [ ,Uej; J. M) fhgg] paf; fhyj;jpy] bkhHpbgau;gg] [ ,Ue;jJ. ,) gfj; p ,yff; paf; fhyj;jpy] bkhHpbgaug; g] [ ,Ue;jJ. <) r=;fk; kUtpa fhyj;jpy] bkhHpbgau;g]g[ ,Ue;jJ.  [tpil: m) r=;f fhyjj; py] bkhHpbgah]gg] [ ,Ue;jJ.] FWtpdh 1. j hab; khHpa[k; M=f; pyKk; jtpu eP=;fs; fwf; tpUk;gk[ ; bkhHpapidf; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhuzk; vGJ. jhab; khHpj; jkpGk; cyfgb; ghJbkhHp M=;fpyKk; jtpu/ ehd; fw;f tpUkg; [k; bkhHp ,ej; p. ,e;jp fwf; tpUk;g[k; fhuzk; : ŒŒ ,e;jp ekJ ehl;od; njrpa bkhHp. ŒŒ ,ej; p ,ej; pa ghuhSkd;w bkhHp. ŒŒ ghuhSkdw; tpthj=;fis mwpa cjt[k; bkhHp. ŒŒ muR kw;Wk; jdpahu; ntiy tlf;nf fpilj;jhy; Jizahf ,UfF; k; bkhHp. ŒŒ tlehl;L kff; spd; gz;ghli; lg; gu[ pe;J bfhss; t[k; cjtk[ ; bkhHp ,e;jp. rpWtpdh 1. c=f; Sld; gapYk; khztu; xUtu; gss; pg; gog;igg; ghjpapy; epWjj; p ntiyfF; r; bry;y tpUk;g[fpwhu;. mtuplk; fw;gjd; ,d;wpaikahikia vt;tifapy; vLjJ; iug;gPu;fs>; ŒŒ vd;Dld; gojj; khztd; tWikapd; fhuzkhf ntiyfF; r; bryf; pwhd;. ŒŒ ehd; mtidf; fzL; ,sk; taJ gog;gjw;F cupaJ/ gzp brat; jwF; myy; . ŒŒ Ie;jpy; tisahjJ Ik;gjpy; tisa[kh- ŒŒ e hk; ,d;W ntiyf;Fr; bry;tjhy; ,di; wa njitjhd; g{uj; j; pahFk;. ehisa njit g{uj; j; pahFkh> fz;Qilahu; vdg; tu; fwn; whu; Kfjj; puz;L gz[ Q; ilahu; fy;yh jtu.; vd;fpwhu; tsS; tu;. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 181 ŒŒ m g;Jy; fyhk; mtuf; s; tWikapy; thodhYk; fhiy/ khiy ntiyfF; r; bry;thu;. ,ilgg; l;l neuj;jpy; gs;spf;Fr; brdw; jhy; jhd; cyfk; nghw;Wk; cjj; ku; Mdhu;. ,tun; ghy ePa[k; ciH\" ,ilg;gll; neujj; py; vd;ndhnl gss; pf;F th. goj;Jg; gzpf;Fg; nghfyhk;. ŒŒ muRk;/ bjhzL; epWtdKk; cil Kjy; czt[ tiu ,ytrkhfj; jUfpwJ. ehk; fyt; pahy; ,iznthk-; ek; njrji; jf; fy;tpapy; cauj; J; nthk-; - 2. Iff; pa ehLfs; mitapy; bkhHpbgau;gg; [ ,ay; 5 I.eh.mitapy; xUtu; ngrpdhy; mtutu; bkhHpfspy; gu[ peJ; bfhst; jw;F trjp braa; g;gl;oUf;fpwJ. bkhHpbgau;gg; [ (Translation) vd;gJ vGjgg; ll; ij bkhHpbgaug; ;gJ. Mdhy;xUtu;ngRk;nghnjbkhHpbgau;g;gJ/tpsf;FtJvdW; (InterPreting)brhyy; gg; LfpwJ. I.eh.mitapy; xUtu; ngRtij bkhHpbgauf; ;Fk; bkhHpbgaug; g; hsu; ghu;itahsuf; Sf;Fj; bjupahjgo ntW ,lj;jpy; ,Ug;ghu.; xUtu; ngRtijf; fhjzp nfl;gpapy; (Head Phone) nfl;lgo rpy behofspy; bkhHpbgau;j;J xypth=f; p btspna ngRthu;. mitapy; css; ghu;itahsu; jd;Kd; cs;s fhjzp nfl;gpia (Head Phone) vLj;J bghUj;jpf; bfhz;L mtuJ bkhHpapy; gu[ pe;J bfhs;thu;. ,gg; Fjpapy; ,Ue;J 5 tpdhf;fis cUthfF; f. 1. I.eh.mitapy; cWg;gpdu;fs; jk; bkhHpapy; ngRk;nghJ bkhHp bjupahjtu;fSfF; VnjDk; Vwg; hL braa; g;gl;Lss; jh> 2. bkhHp bgaug; g; [ vd;why; vd;d> 3. ghu;itahsu;fs; mitapy; ngRnthu; ciuia vg;gog; g[upe;J bfhs;fpd;wdu>; 4. bkhHpbgau;gg; hsu;fs; v=F; mkue; ;jpUgg; u;> 5. I.eh.mitapy; ngRnthupd; ngrR; vt;tst[ neuj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;ff; g; gLfpwJ> 6. I.eh.mitapy; braa; g;gl;Lss; trjp ahJ> 7. fhjzp nflg; pia vjwF; g; gadg; LjJ; tu;> 8. `tpsfF; tJ~ (Inter Preting) vdw; hy; vdd; > beLtpdh 1. jkpHpd; ,yff; pa tsk; ? fy;tp bkhHp ? gpwbkhHpfspy; css; ,yf;fpa ts=;fs; ? mwptpay; fUjJ; fs; ? gpwJiwf; fUjJ; fs; ? jkpGf;Fr; brGik. nkw;fz;l Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhzL; brk;bkhHpj; jkpGfF; tsk; nruf; ;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g;g[f; fiy/ vd;w jiygg; py; thu ,jH; xdW; fF; eLgg; f;f flL; iu vGJf. www.tnpscjob.com

182 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; 5 jkpGfF; tsk; nruf; F; k; bkhHpbgau;gg; [ff; iy Fwpg;g[r; rll; k; KdD; iu tiuaiw jkpH; ,yff; pa tsk; fy;tp bkhHp gpwbkhHp ,yff; pak; mwptpay; fUj;Jfs; gyJ; iw fUjJ; fs; Kot[iu KdD; iu : cyfk; jfty; bjhHpy;Elg; j;jpdhy; RU=f; p tpl;l NHypy; Tl bkhHpbgaug; g; [j; Jiw Kf;fpa ,lk; bgWfpwJ. ,jj; F bkhHpbgaug; g; [ fiy kf;fspd; thH;tpy; vjj; F nghf;fpidr; braf; pwJ vdg; J gww; pf; fhzn; ghk.; tiuaiw: bkhHpbgaug; g; [ vdg; J @y bkhHpapy; css; brhy; myy; J brhw;bwhluf; is ve;jtpj bghUs; khww; Kk; ,y;yhky; ntW bkhHpapy; bgau;g;g[ brat; J bkhHpbgau;gg; [ vdg;gLk;. jkpH; ,yff; pa tsk; : jkpH; ,yf;fpa tsk; bgw ntz;Lk; vd;why; gpwbkhHpapy; rpwe;J tps=f; pa E}yf; isj; jkpHpy; bkhHpbgaug; ;g[ braa; ntzL; k.; gy E}ww; hz;LfSf;F Kdd; nu ,UeJ; jkpHpy; bkhHpbgau;gg; g[ ; gzp eilbgwW; tUfpwJ. mjdog;gilapy; fk;gupd; ,uhktjhuk;/ tpy;ypgj[ ;J}uhupd; tpyy; pghujk; nghd;w fhtpa=;fs; midj;Jk; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;litna. fy;tp bkhHp : bkhHpbgaug; ;igf; fyt; pahf;Ftjd; @yk; midj;Jyf mwpit ehk; bgw;Wg; gyn; tW Jiwapy; rpweJ; tps=f; Koak[ .; gpwbkhHp ,yf;fpak; : utPej; puehj; jhTu; t=f; bkhHpapy; vGjpa fPjh+r; ypia mtu; M=;fpyj;jpy; bkhHpbgauj; j; g; gpwF nehgy; gupR fpilj;jJ. mwptpay; fUj;Jfs; : bkhHpbgaug; g; [ mwptpay; rhue; j; JiwapYk; jd; Mjpff; ji; jr; brYj;JfpwJ. Tele vd;w M=f; pyr; brhy; bjhiy vd;gijf; FwpfF; k;. ,jd; mog;gilapy; Telephone - Telescope - bjhiyngrp/ bjhiynehf;fp vdW; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;glL; ss; J. gy;Jiw fUjJ; fs; : fy;tp/ mwptpay;/ ,yf;fpak; kl;Lkyy; hky; gpwJiwapYk; tsur; r; p mileJ; ss; d. thbdhyp/ jpiug;glk;/ ,jHpapay/; tpskg; uk; nghd;w JiwfspYk; bkhHpbgaug; ;gg[ ; gzp rpweJ; tps=F; fpwJ. bjhiyff; hl;rpj; bjhluf; s; ntwW; bkhHpfF; khww; gg; Ltjhy; midj;J kf;fisak[ ; brd;wilfpwJ. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 183 Kot[iu: ve;j bkhHpapd; gilgg; hf ,Ue;jhYk; vij bkhHpbgauf; ;f ntzL; k>; vg;gor; braa; ntz;Lk>; vd;gjid mwpe;J ,yff; z tpjpKiwal[ d; braj; hy; epiybgwW; tps=;Fk;. TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. gpwehlL] J}juf=;fs] ek; ehl]oy] vgn] ghJ epWtg]gl]ld> m) Rje;jpuj;jpw]F Kd; M) tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd; ,) FoauRf;F Kd ; <) FoauRfF; g; gpd; [tpil: M) tpLjiyfF; g; gpd]; 2. bkhHpbgau;jj; y; vd;Dk; bjhliuj; bjhyf; hg;gpau; ifahz;l ,lk; __________. m) bgaupay ; M) tpidapay; ,) kugpay; <) capupay; [tpil: ,) kugpay]; 3. ,uhkhaz kfhghuj bjhd;kr] braj; pfs] ,lk; bgwW] s]s jkpH; ,yff; pak; vJ> m) r=;f ,yf;fpak; M) gfj; p ,yf;fpak; ,) rpww] pyff; pak ; <) etPd ,yff; pak ; [tpil: m) r=f; ,yff; pak]; 4. bkhHpbgau;ff; g;gl;ljhy; nehgy; gupR bgww; ,e;jpaf; ftp+u; ahu>; m) tp.N. ieg;ghy ; M) ,ul;ahul; ; fpg;spt; ,) bt=;fl;uhkd; <) ,utPej; puehj; jhTu; [tpil: <) ,uteP ;jpuehj; jhTu]; 5. `bkhF rh!l; ;L~ vd;Dk; $g;ghdpa brhyy; pd; bghUs; __________. m) gjpy; ju kWf;fpnwhk ; M) tpilju mtfhrk; ntzL; k; ,) tpilju KoahJ <) ,utPe;jpuehj; jhTu; ,ay; 5  [tpil: M) tpilju mtfhrk; ntzL; k]; 6. tlbkhHpf; fijiaj; jGtp gilff; gg; ll; E}y; __________. m) fkg; uhkhazk; M) rPtfrpej; hkzp ,) fyp=;fjJ; g;guzp <) tpy;ypghujk; [tpil: ,) fyp=f; jJ; gg; uzp] 7. bkhHpbgaug; ;g[ Kawr; papy; <LgLk; epWtd=;fs; __________. m) rhfpjj; pa mfhbjkp M) njrpa g[j;jf epWtdk; ,) bjdd; pe;jpa g[j;jf epiyak ; <) ,it midj;Jk; [tpil: <) ,it midjJ; k]; 8. gdd; hlL; bkhHpfisf; fwg; pg;git __________. m) jdpahu; epWtd=;fs; M) btspehl;LJ}juf=;fs; ,) gs;spfs; <) ,it midj;Jk ; [tpil: <) ,it midjJ; k]; 9. `fhrpdpapy; ,dW; tiu mwptpd; kdd; u; fz;Ls;s fiyfbsy;yhk; jkpHpy; vzz; pg; ngrp kfpH; epiy ntzL; k;~~ vdW; Twpatu; ahu;> m) FnyhjJ; =f; d; M) guhe;jfd; ,) ,uh$uh$d; <) ,uhn$ej; pud; [tpil: m) FnyhjJ; =f; d]; www.tnpscjob.com

184 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ 10. bghUjj; pj; bjupf. m) 1942 ? 1. a{kh thRfp M) 1949 ? 2. KjJ; kPdhl;rp ,) 2016 ? 3. uhFy; rh=f; pUja; had; <) 2018 ? 4. fzKji; jah m) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 M) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 ,) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 <) 2/ 4. 3/ 1 [tpil: m) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1] 11. ekk; plk; vy;yhk; css; J vd;w gli; l fl;oa ghu;itia xHpjJ; mfdw; ghui; tiaj; jUtJ __________. m) ehlfk; M) bkhHpbgaug; ;g[ ,) jpahdk; <) bry;tk ; [tpil: M) bkhHpbgau;gg; ][ 12. xU bkhHpapy; czuj; ;jg;gll; ij ntbwhU bkhHpapy; btspapLtJ bkhHpbgau;g;g[ vdW; Twpatu; __________. m) K. F. $fe;ehju; M) kzit K!j; gh ,) m. KjJ; yp=;fk ; <) mg;Jy; uFkhd ; [tpil: M) kzit K!j; gh] 13. cyf ehfupf tsur; r; pf;Fk; bghUspay; nkkg; hl;owF; k; bkhHpbgaug; g; [k; xU fhuzkhFk; vdW; Twpatu; __________. m) K. F. $fe;ehju ; M) kzit K!;jgh ,) K. nkj;jh <) m. KjJ; yp=f; k; [tpil: m) K. F. $fe;ehju]; 14. ``khghujk; jkpHg; g; LjJ; k; kJuhg[upr; r=;fk; itj;Jk~; ~ vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; brg;ngl;Lf; Fwpg;g[ __________. m) cj;jpunkqu; M) kzl; fgg; lL; ,) rpd;dkD}u; <) Mjprr; eyY; }u; [tpil: ,) rpdd; kD}u]; ,ay; 5 15. r=;ffhyj;jpnyna jkpHpy; bkhHpbgaug; ;g[ nkwb; fhs;sg;gll; ijg; gy[ gg; LjJ; k; rhd;W __________. m) cj;jpunkqu; fyb; tlL; M) ciwa{ur; ; brgn; glL; f; Fwpgg; [ ,) kz;lfg;glL; f; fyb; tlL; <) rpd;dkD}u;r; brgn; gl;Lf; Fwpg;g[  [tpil: <) rpdd; kD}u;r; brgn; gl;Lf; Fwpgg; ][ 16. tlbkhHpf; fijfisj; jGtpg; gilf;fgg; lhj ,yf;fpaj;ijf; fzl; wpf. m) rPtf rpe;jhkzp M) fkg; uhkhazk; ,) rpygg; jpfhuk ; <) tpy;ypghujk ; [tpil: ,) rpyg;gjpfhuk]; 17. tlbkhHpf; fijiaj; jGtp vGjgg; l;l ,yff; paji; jf; fz;lwpf. m) bgU=;fij M) KfT; lwg; s;S ,) fyp=;fj;Jg; guzp <) kzpnkfiy [tpil: m) bgU=f; ij] 18. ghujpapd; bkhHpbgaug; g; f[ isg; bghUjj; pf; fhl;Lf. i) bghUlf; hlr; p - 1. Strike ii) ,Ugg; g[ ; ghij - 2. Revolution iii) gu[ lr; p - 3. East Indian Railways iv) ntiy epWjj; k ; - 4. Exhibition m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 ,) 2/ 1/ 4/ 3 <) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 185 19. b$u;kd; bkhHpapy; bkhHpbgau;g;gpd; @yk; mwpKfk; Md __________ mee; hl;Lg; gilgg; hsu; nghynt bfhzl; hlgg; l;ltu;. m) ntul; !; ; bthu;j ; M) n&f;!;gpau; ,) yh=b; gy;nyh <) $p.a.[ nghg; [tpil: M) n&f!; g; pau]; 20. __________ Mk; E}w;whzL; tiu tlbkhHp E}yf; s; jkpHpy; Mff; g;gll; d. m) 16 M) 17 ,) 18 <) 19 [tpil: ,) 18] 21. bkhHpbgaug; ;gpd; @yk; bgw;wpUff; fT; oa bfhsi; f __________. m) elgg; pay; M) jjJ; ttpay; ,) ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;t[ <) jpwdhat; [ [tpil: ,) ,yff; paj; jpwdha;t][ 22. 1942 Mk; Mz;L \\$puhghf; kjj; pa rpiwapypUej; nghJ `thyf; htpypUe;J f=i; f tiu~ vdw; E}iy ,e;jp bkhHpapy; vGjpatu; __________. m) uhFy; rh=f; pUj;ahad; M) rrpnjt; ,) fzKji; jah <) bt. _uhk; [tpil: m) uhFy; rh=;fpUj;ahad]; 23. `thyf; htpypUe;J f=;if tiu~ vd;w E}iyf; fzKj;ijah jkpHpy; bkhHpbgauj; ;J btspapll; Mz;L __________. m) 1942 M) 1945 ,) 1949 <) 1952 [tpil: ,) 1949] 24. `thyf; htpypUeJ; f=;if tiu~ vdw; E}y; bkhHpbgau;f;fgg; ll; MzL; k;/ bkhHp [tpil: m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4] bgauj; ;jtu;fisa[k; bghUj;jpff; hlL; f. i) fzKji; jah ? 1. 1949 ii) lhf;lu; vd;. _ju ; ? 2. 2016 iii) Kj;J kPdhlr; p ? 3. 2016 iv) a{khthRfp ? 4. 2018 ,ay; 5 m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 M) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1 ,) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 25. tlk; (fapW)/ xl;lfk; vd;w ,UbghUSf;Fupar; brhy; __________ m) Camel M) Cow ,) Horse <) Rope [tpil: m) Camel] 26. b$uk; dpapy; Xu; Mzo; y; gpw bkhHpfspypUe;J __________ E}y;fs; tiu bkhHp bgauf; ;fg; gLfpd;wd. m) 1000 M) 2000 ,) 4000 <) 5000 [tpil: <) 5000] 27. jkpH; E}yf; s; gpwbkhHpfspy; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gLtjpy; Kjypljj; py; __________ ,uz;lhkpljj; py; __________ ,lk; tfpf;fpdw; d. m) M=;fpyk/; kiyahsk; M) kiyahsk/; M=;fpyk; ,) bjY=F; / fdd; lk ; <) ,ej; p/ tlbkhHp [tpil: m) M=f; pyk/; kiyahsk]; 28. bkhHpbgau;g;gpdhy; g[jpa brhw;fs; cUthfp __________ Vwg; LfpwJ. m) bkhHptsk ; M) bkhHp tskpHg;g[ ,) bkhHp rpijt [ <) bkhHp khw;wk ; [tpil: m) bkhHptsk]; www.tnpscjob.com

186 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 29. fUjJ; g; gfpu;itj; jUtjhy; bkhHpbgaug; i; gg; __________ vdW; Fwpg;gpLthuf; s.; m) gadf; iy M) epfHf; iy ,) ftpd;fiy <) Maff; iy [tpil: m) gadf; iy] 30. __________ gy;fiyf;fHfjj; pd; jkpH; ,Uf;if mj;jifa gzpfspy; <Lgl ntzL; k.; m) bfhyk;gpah M) Mf;!n; ghuL; ,) \\hut; u;l; <) brdi; d [tpil: ,) \\hut; ul; ]; 31. ``brdw; pLtuP ; vlL; jj; pfF; k; ? fiyr; bryt; =f; s; ahtk[ ; bfhzu;e;jp=;F nrug; ;gPu~; ~ ? vdW; ghoatu.; m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) thzpjhrd; <) fz;zjhrd; [tpil: m) ghujpahu]; 32. ``njkJuj; jkpnHhir cyfbkyhk; gutk[ ; tif braj; y; ntz;Lk;~~ ? vd;W ghoatu>; m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) thzpjhrd; <) mgJ; y; uFkhd; [tpil: m) ghujpahu]; 33. gpuhdR; njrpa E}w;Tljj; py; VwfF; iwa __________ giHa jkpH; VLfSk; ifbaGj;Jg; gpujpfSk; css; d. m) E}W M) Mapuk; ,) @thapuk; <) gjpdhwhapuk ; [tpil: M) Mapuk]; ,ay; 5 34. `brd;wpLtPu; vlL; j;jpfF; k; ? fiyr; bry;t=f; s; ahtk[ ; bfhzu;e;jp=F; nrug; g; Pu; ? ghujpahupd; ,fT; wW; czuj; ;Jk; fUjJ; > m) gyJiw E}yf; s; jkpHpy; cUthf;fg;gl ntzL; k;. M) gyfiyfs; jkpHpy; g[jpjhfj; njhdw; ntz;Lk.; ,) cybf=F; k; fhzgg; Lk; bryt; =;fs; jkpHfjj; py; te;J nru;jy; ntzL; k.; <) fiyr; bry;t=;fis cyfk; KGtJk; gazk; bra;J fz;Lfspf;f ntz;Lk;.  [tpil: ,) cybf=F; k; fhzg;gLk; bry;t=f; s; jkpHfjj; py; teJ; nru;jy; ntzL; k.; ] FWtpdh 1. bkhHpbgahg] ]g[ Fwpj;J kzit K!j; gh TWtJ ahJ> xU bkhHpapy] czu;j;jgg] ll] ij/ ntbwhU bkhHpapy] btspapLtJ bkhHpbgah]gg] [ vdf; pwhh] kzit K!;jgh. 2. bkhHpbgau;gg; pd; ,dw; paikahik ahJ> xU bkhHp/ tsk; bgwtk[ ; cyfj;Jld; cwt[ bfhss; tk[ ; bkhHpbgaug; g; [ ,dw; paikahjJ. 3. bkhHpbgau;g;g[ FwpjJ; K.F $fee; hju; Fwpg;gpLtJ ahJ> cyf ehfupf tsur; ;rpf;Fk; bghUspay; nkk;ghl;ow;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ xU fhuzkhFk; vdW; K.F. $fee; hju; Fwpgg; pLfpwhu.; 4. bkhHpbgau;gg; [ gw;wpf; Twpa ,yff; z E}y; vJ> bjhyf] hg]gpah] kugpaypy] bkhHpbgah]j;jy] vd;w bjhliuf; Fwpg]gplL] s]shh.] ,jd; @yk; bkhHpbgahg] g] [ gw]wpf; Twpa ,yf;fz E}y] bjhy]fhgg] pak; vdg; ij czu KofpwJ. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 187 5. r=f; fhyj;jpnyna jkpHpy] bkhHpbgahg] g] [ nkwb] fhs]sg]glL] ss] J vd;gij epWt[f. ,ay; 5 `khghujk; jkpHg; ] gLj;Jk; kJuhg[upr] r=;fk; itjJ; k;~ vd;Dk; rpd;dkD}h] brgn] gL Fwpg]gpd; @yk; r=;f fhyj;jpnyna jkpHpy] bkhHpbgah]gg] [ nkwb] fhss] g]glL] css] J vd;gij czu KofpwJ. 6. tlbkhHpf; fijfisj; jGtp gilff; gg] l]l jkpH; ,yf;fpa=f; s] ahit> tlbkhHpf; fijfisj; jGtp gilff; g]gll] jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fs.] bgU=;fij/ rPtf rpej; hkzp/ fk;guhkhazk/; tpy]ypghujk; Kjypait MFk.; 7. gpwbkhHpf; fUjJ; fs] r=f; fhyjj; pnyna jkpH;g;gLjj; gg; ll] d vd;gij tpsfF; f. tlbkhHpapy] tH=f; ptej; ,uhkhaz kfhghuj braj; pfs] r=;f ,yff; pa=f; spy] gutyhf ,lk; bgwW] ,Ug]gijf; fhQkn; ghJ gpwbkhHpf; fUj;Jfs] r=;f fhyjj; pnyna jkpHg; ;gLjj; g] gl;ld vdg; ij czu KofpwJ. 8. bkhHpbgahg] g] [ Kaw]rpia nkw]bfhzl; epWtd=f; s] ahit> rhfpjj; pa mfhjkp/ njrpa gj[ j; f epWtdk;/ bjd;dpej; pa gj[ ;jf epWtdk; Mfpait bkhHpbgaug; g; [ Kaw]rp nkw]bfhzl; epWtd=f; s] MFk.; 9. ,ej; pa muR kf;fspilna bkhHpbgaug; ;ig vjwF; g; gadg; Lj;jpaJ> kf;fspilna njrpa czh]it ClL] tjw]Fk; xUikgg] hli] l Vw]gLj;Jtjw;Fk; bkhHpbgau;g]ig ,ej; pa muR fUtpahf gad;gLj;jpaJ. 10. midj;Jyf mwpita[k; vspjpy] bgWtjw]F ehk; vdd; braa; ntz;Lk;> bkhHpbgaug; ;igf; fy;tpahft[k; mjd; @yk; midj;Jyf mwpita[k; ehk; vspjpy; bgwyhk;. 11. gpwehl]Lj; J}juf=;fs] jj;jk; bkhHpfisf; fwW] f; bfhLf;f Kawr] pgg] jd; nehff; k; ahJ> gpwehlL] j; J}juf=f; s] j=f; Sila ,yf;fpak;/ gz;ghL/ bjhHpy] tshr] ]rp/ fiy nghd;wtwi; w kff; splk; mwpKfg]gLj;Jk; nehf;fj;Jlnd jjj; k; bkhHpfisf; fwW] f; bfhLff; Kaw]rpff; pd;wd. 12. gpwehlL; bkhHpfs; v=F; fwg; pf;fg;gLfpwJ> gss; pfs/; fyY; }upfs;/ gyf; iyf;fHf=;fs; nghd;wtww; py; gpwehlL; bkhHpfisf; fw;fyhk.; rpy jdpahu; epWtd=;fSk; gpw ehlL; bkhHpfisf; fwg; pf;fpd;wd. 13. bkhHpbgau;g;g[ vjw;F cjt[fpwJ> gpw bkhHp ,yff; pa=;fis mwpeJ; bfhss; tk[ ; mit nghd;w gj[ pa gilg;gf[ is cUthff; tk[ ; bkhHpbgau;gg; [ cjtf[ pwJ. 14. bkhHp ntypia bkhHpbgaug; ;g[ mfwW; fpwJ vd;gij tpsf;Ff. fiyr; rpwg;g[ilajhf ,Uff; pdw; ,yff; pa=f; s; midtuJ mDgtkhf khWkn; ghJ bghJepiy bgWfpwJ. mj;jifa bghJepiy bgw;w ,yf;fpaj;ij bkhHpntyp rpiwapLfpwJ. bkhHpia btspna mfw;Wk; gzpia bkhHpbgau;g;g[ bra;fpwJ. 15. b$u;kd; ahiu jd; ehlL; gilgg; hspahff; bfhzl; hLfpwJ> Vd>; n&f;!;gpau;. fhuzk;: n&f!; g; pau; jhk; vGjpa E}iy b$uk; d; bkhHpbgau;gg; [ bra;j fhuzj;jhy; b$uk; d; jd; ehlL; g; gilg;ghspahff; bfhzl; hLfpwJ. www.tnpscjob.com

188 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; 5 16. M=;fpnyau; tUiff;Fg;gpd; jkpH; bkhHpapy; mwpKfkhd gpwbkhHp E}yf; s; ahit> M=f; pnyau; tUiff;Fg; gpd; M=;fpy E}y;fSk; M=f; pyk; tHpahf gpw Inuhgg; pa bkhHp E}y;fSk; mwpKfkhapd. ,tw;wpy; jukhd E}y;fs; Fiwnt. 17. bkhHpbgaug; g; hy; jpUfF; ws; mile;j bgUik ahJ> jkpH; bkhHpfF; upa E}yhfpa jpUfF; ws; cyfpy; gy bkhHpfspy; bkhHpbgauf; f; gg; ll; jd; fhuzkhf cyfg; bghJkiwahf caue; ;jJ. 18. bkhHpbgaug; g; pd; njhww; k; Fwpj;J vGJf. vgb; ghGJ cyfj;jpy; ehd;ife;J bkhHpfs; cUthapdnth mgb; ghGnj bkhHpbgau;g;g[ bjhl=;fpaJ. 19. bkhHpbgau;gg; [ thapyhf ru;tnjrj; jd;ik bgWk; Kiwfs; ahit> fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wk/; jfty; gfput; /[ mwE}y; mwpjy;/ ,yf;fpak;/ jj;Jtk; vdg; d bkhHpbgau;g;g[ thapyhfnt rut; njrj; jd;ik bgWfpdw; d. 20. jd; E}iy jhnd bkhHpbgauj; ;jtu; ahu;> mjdhy; mtUfF; fpiljj; rpwg;g[ ahJ> ,utPej; puehj; jhTu; t=;f bkhHpapy; vGjpa ftpijj; bjhFgg; hd fPjh+r; ypia M=f; pyj;jpy; mtu; bkhHpbgau;j;j gpwFjhd; mtUf;F nehgy; gupR fpiljj; J. 21. bkhHpbgauf; f; gg; lhikahy; cupa Vwg; [ fpilff; hj E}y; vJ> kfhftp ghujpapd; ftpijfs; M=;fpyj;jpy; bkhHp bgauf; f; g;glo; Ue;jhy; cyfstpy; caupa tpUJfSk; Vwg; [k; fpiljj; pUfF; k.; 22. xU ehl;od; bjhHpy; tsu;r;rp vjd; mogg; ilapy; kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ> xU ehL vt;tst[ kpd;dhww; iyg; gad;gLj;JfpwJ vdg; ijg; bghWj;nj mej; ehl;od; bjhHpy; tsu;rr; pia kjpgg; pLfpwhu;fs.; 23. xU ehlo; d; gzg; hl;L tsur; r; piaa[k; mwpita[k; kjpg;gpLtJ vJ> xU ehl;od; bkhHpbgaug; ;g[ E}y;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; bfhz;L me;ehlo; d; gzg; hli; lak[ ; mwpitak[ ; kjpgg; pLthuf; s.; 24. ,g;bghGJ neuoahf bkhHpbgauf; ;fgg; Lk; E}yf; s; ahit> gpbu+R; / b$u;kd/; Mgg; pupf;fh/ yjj; Pd/; mbkupf;fh Kjyhd ehLfspd; E}yf; s; neuoahf bkhHpbgau;ff; g;gl;L fpilf;f bjhl=f; papUg;gJ eyy; gaidj; jUk; vd vjpug; hu;f;fyhk.; 25. ,yff; paj; jpwdhat; [ bfhsi; f gww; p vGJf. bkhHpbgaug; g; pd; @yk;jhd; ehk; ,yff; paj;jpwdha;t[ bfhsi; ffisg; bgwW; ,Uf;fpnwhk;. ,d;Ws;s jpwdhat; [ Fiwfis vy;yhk; ehk; M=f; pyjj; pd; tHpahfnt bgw;wpUff; pnwhk;. 26. bkhHpbgau;gg; [ vtt; hW mika ntzL; k;> bkhHpbgau;gg; [fs; fHptpd;wp rpjwypdw; p @ybkhHpapd; fUjJ; fis btspg;gLjJ; tjhf mika ntz;Lk;. 27. Camel vdg; jd; bkhHpbgaug; i; g tpsf;Ff. ŒŒ Camel vdg; jw;F tlk/; xl;lfk; vd;w ,U bgauf; s; czL; . ŒŒ ``Crp fhjpy; tlk; EiHahJ~~ vdw; ntw;WbkhHpj; bjhliu ``Crp fhjpy; xll; fk; EiHahJ~~ vdj; jtWjyhf bkhHpbgauf; f; gg; lL; ss; J. vdnt bkhHpbgau;f;Fk; nghJ fUjJ; k; bghUSk; khwhky; rupahf bkhHpbgau;ff; g;gl ntzL; k;. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 189 rpWtpdh 1. bkhHpbgaug; ;g[ gww; p mwp+uf; s; TWk; fUj;J ahJ> kzit K!;jgh : `xU bkhHpapy; czu;j;jgg; l;lij ntbwhU bkhHpapy; btspapLtJ bkhHpbgau;gg; [ vd;fpwhu.; K.F. $fe;ehju;. `xU bkhHp tsk; bgwtk[ ; cyfj;Jld; cwt[ bfhss; t[k; bkhHpbgau;gg; [ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk; cyf ehfupf tsu;rr; pfF; k; bghUspay; nkk;ghl;ow;Fk; bkhHpbgaug; ;gk[ ; xU fhuzkhFk;~ vd;fpwhu.; 2. bkhHpbgaug; g; [ rupahf mikahjjhy; fhyjj; pwF; k; mHpt[ jUk; fy=f; k; neu;ej; J tptup. cyfg; nghupdn; ghJ mbkupff; h ruzilahtpl;lhy; Fz;L tPrgg; Lk; vd;w braj; pia $g;ghDfF; mDgg; pajhftk[ ; mjwF; $gg; hd;/ `bkhF rh!l; ;L~ vd;W tpil mDg;gpajhft[k; TWtu.; mej; j; bjhlupd; bghUs; bjupahikahy; mbkupff; h/ \\pnuh&pkhtpy; FzL; tPrpaJ vd;Wbrhy;fpwhuf; s;.me;jj;bjhlUf;F`tpiljumtfhrk;ntzL; k;~vdg; jhk;.Mdhy;mjwF; mbkupff; uf; s; `kWf;fpnwhk~; vdW; bghUs; bfhzl; jhft[k; TWtu.; mjdhy;jhd; mHpt[ jUk; fs=f; k; neue; j; J\" bkhHpbgaug; ;gr[ ; rupahf mikeJ; ,Uej; hy; nguHpt[ jLf;fgg; lo; Uf;Fk;. 3. ,lk;ghuj; J; bkhHpbgauf; f; ntz;Lk; vd;gijr; rhd;Wld; tptupf;f. Tele vdg; J bjhiy vdg; ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. Mfnt Telegraph, Television, Telephone, Telescope, Telemetry Kjypa brhwf; s; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gLfpw nghJ bjhiytup/ bjhiyff; hl;rp/ bjhiyngrp/ bjhiynehff; ;p/ bjhiy mstpay; vd;wthW Kdx; l;LfSld; bkhHpbgauf; f; gg; l;ld. ,jw;F khwhf Transcribe, Transfer, Transform, Transact Mfpatw;iw bkhHpbgau;fF; kn; ghJ gobaLj;jy/; khWjy/; cUkhwW; jy;/ brayg; LjJ; jy; vdw; thW bkhHpbgau;f;fgg; Lfpd;wd. ,=;F Trans vdw; Kd;xli; l itj;J bkhHpbgau;ff; tpy;iy. vdnt ,lk; ghu;jJ; bkhHpbgauf; f; ntz;Lk; vd;gij ehk; czu;eJ; bfhss; ntz;Lk;. fwg; it fww; gpd; gf;fk;: 105 ,ay; 5 1. jhTupd; fPjh+r; yp jkpHb; khHpbgau;gg; g[ ; ghly; xd;iwa[k; fyyP ; fpg;uhdpd; ftpij xdw; pd; bkhHpbgau;gi; ga[k; E}yfjj; py; gojJ; vGjp tUf. jhTupd; fjP h+;ryp jkpH;bkhHpbgaug; g; [g; ghly; `ehd; ve;jgg; hliyg; ghLtjw;fhf ,=F; te;njndh ,J ,d;Wtiu ghlgg; lhknyna cs;sJ vd; ,irf;fUtpfisr; rupbra;tjpnyna vd; ehlf; isf; fHpjJ; tpln; ld; czi; kapy; neuk; tutpyi; y thu;ji; jfs; bghUjj; gg; ltpy;iy Mirapdhy; tUk; typ xdn; w vd; ,jajj; py; cs;sJ g{kyutpyi; y fhw;W bgU@r;RtpLfpwJ ehd; mtdJ Kfji; jg; ghuj; j; jpy;iy mtdJ Fuiyf; ftdpjj; J ,yi; y vd; tPlo; w;F Kd;dhs; css; rhiyapy; ,Ue;J mtdJ bky;ypa fhyo Xiria klL; k; nfl;oUf;fpnwd; www.tnpscjob.com

190 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ fyPy; fpgu; hd; ftpijfs; : bkhHpbgau;gg; [ `ehbdhU thu;ji; j brhyy; Vbddpy; ten; jd;- ePofF; k; tuyhw;W E}ypy; ehdijr; brhyy; ntz;Lk; tU=f; hyk; ,gn; ghJ- xUnghJk; kuzk; vdi; dj; jLjj; hy; g[wf;fzpg;g jpy;iy ehisf;F xU ufrpaj;ij~ ciuf;fg;gLk; mJ- 2. bkhHpbgaug; g; [r; rpWfij xdi; wg; goj;J mjd; fijrR; Uff; j;ija[k; c=f; s; fUj;Jfisa[k; tFg;giwapy; TWf. cUJ bkhHpr; rpWfij fu;tj;jpd; tpiy Mrpupau; rpuh$; md;tu; bkhHpbgauj; j; tu; tyy; pff; zz; d; rpgg; pg; gG[ xdw; pd; fij ,J. rpg;gpg; g[G cyfpy; jhnd mjp Kf;fpakhd $Ptdhf vzz; paJ. gl;Lg; g[Gt[k; gad; css; nj Mdhy; glL; Kj;Jff; isg; nghy; mjpf tpiy bgwW; j; jUtJ ,y;iy. vdnt jd;id caut; hf vzz; paJ rpg;gpg;gG[ . ,ay; 5 xU ehs; flypy; bgUkg; a[ y; tPrpaJ. rpg;gpg; g[G jd; Tli; l @of; bfhz;L/ ghJfhgg; f[ ;fhfj; jiuf;Fg; nghff; TlhJ vdW; vz;zp flYfF; s; ,Uej; J. Mdhy; ,ej; miy rpg;gpg;gG[ it tpl;L itf;ftpyi; y. mjidj; J}f;fpf; flypy; thupg; nghl;lJ. gG[ bkJthf rpg;gpiaj; jpwe;J btspapy; bkJthf vl;og; ghu;jj; J. mjwF; s; kw;bwhU miy teJ; mjid kzypy; J}f;fpg; nghll; J. flYfF; s; jpUkg; pg; nghf tHpa;py;yhky; m=;nfna fplej; J. mJ kpft[k; nfhgk; milej; J. fhfk; xdW; rpg;gpaplk; btspna th vd;wJ\" Mdhy; rpgg; p g[G/ mUtUgg; hd Kll; hshd cdd; plk; ngr KoahJ vd;wJ. fhfk; vt;tst[ brhy;ypak[ ; rpgg; p gG[ btsptutpy;iy. khwhf fhfji; jf; nfyp braJ; bfhz;nl ,Ue;jJ. ehd; Kj;Jfis cz;lhf;Ftjhy; jhd; flYf;Fg; bgUik vd;W fut; khfr; rpgg; p g[G TwpaJ. `Kj;J braa; [k; bgupa egiug; ghu;f;fpdn; wd~; btspna th vdw; J fhfk.; Mdhy; Koej; hy; eP bgupa g[jj; prhyp vdw; hy; vd; rpg;gpia ePna jpwe;J bfhs; vdw; J gG[ . ey;yJ ePna brhyy; p tpl;lha; vd;W brhy;ypf; fhfk; rpg;gpiaj; jd; myfpy; J}f;fp nkny gwe;J nghag; ; ghiwfs; eLnt nghll; J. rpg;gp J}s; J}shdJ. fhfk; rpgg; piaj; jd; myfhy; bfhjj; p tpG=f; paJ. gpwF fhfk; Kji; jg; ghu;j;jJ. Kj;J mjdplk; ,UeJ; tpyfp/ rhzf;Ftpaypy; tpGej; J. fhfk; caug; gweJ; kfpH;tl[ d; fjj; pr; brdw; J.  www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 191 ,ay; fyt; p ftpijg; ngiH 5 ePjp btz;gh ? fh.g. braF; jk;gpg; ghtyu; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. mUeJ; iz vdg; ijg; gpupjj; hy; __________. m) mUik + Jiz M) mU + Jiz ,) mUik + ,iz <) mU + ,iz [tpil: m) mUik + Jiz] [tpil: ,) fyt; p] 2. ``mUisg; bgUff; p mwpitj; jpUj;jp kUis mfw;wp kjpfF; k; bjUis~~ ? vd;w ,t;tofspy; Fwpg;gplgg; LtJ vJ> m) jkpH ; M) mwptpay; ,) fy;tp <) ,yf;fpak; FWtpdh 1. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyupd; fyt; p gww; pa fUj;jpid KHf;fj; bjhlu;fshf;Ff. ,ay; 5 fwn; ghk;- fwn; ghk;- mUisg; bgUf;f fwn; ghk-; fwn; ghk;- fwn; ghk;- mwptpidg; bgw fw;nghk;- fw;nghk;- fwn; ghk-; kaf;fk; tpyff; fw;nghk;- fwn; ghk-; fw;nghk-; capUf;Fj; Jizahf fyt; piaf; fwn; ghk-; TLjy; tpdhf;fs; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g.[ ? tpidbarr; k; bgUf;fp ? tpidbarr; k; jpUjj; p ? tpidbarr; k; mfw;wp ? gzg; j[ b; jhif mUe;Jiz ? tpidbar;rk; nghw;W www.tnpscjob.com

192 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;. jpUj;jp ? jpUj;J + , jpUjJ; ? gFjp bgUf;fp ? bgUfF; + , , ? tpidbarr; tpFjp bgUf;F ? gFjp , ? tpidbarr; tpFjp gyts[ ; bjupf 1. `mUisg; bgUff; p mwpitj; jpUj;jp~ ? ,tt; oapy; gapdW; tUk; bjhil eak; ahJ> m) vJif M) nkhid ,) ,iag [ <) Kuz; [tpil: M) nkhid] 2. `fww; tu; tHp muR bry;Yk~; vdW; TWk; ,yff; pak; __________. m) fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak ; M) gf;jp ,yff; pak; ,) r=;f ,yf;fpak ; <) ePjp ,yff; pak ; [tpil: ,) r=;f ,yf;fpak]; 3. `braF; jk;gpg; ghtyu~; ,t;thW miHff; gg; Lfpwhu; __________. m) rjhtjhdp M) jrhtjhdp ,) bkhHp +hapW <) ftpkzp [tpil: m) rjhtjhdp] 4. `CWk; ePun; ghyf; fwF; k; mst[ mwpt[ RufF; k;~ vdW; Twpatu; ahu>; m) xsitahu; M) fgpyu; ,) jpUts;Stu ; <) bra;Fjkg; pg; ghtyu; [tpil: ,) jpUtsS; tu]; 5. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; rpweJ; tps=f; pa fiy __________. m) Xtpak; M) rjhtjhdk; ,) ehl;oak; <) rpwg; k ; [tpil: M) rjhtjhdk]; ,ay; 5 6. braF; jk;gpg; ghtyupd; khtll; k; __________ tl;lk; __________. m) fdd; pahFkup/ ,lyhfF; o M) j+;rht{u;/ giljj; iytd;Fo ,) flY}u/; k+r; f;Fgg; k ; <) brd;id/ kapyhg;g{u;  [tpil: m) fdd; pahFkup/ ,lyhf;Fo] 7. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu; __________ tajpnyna braa; [s; ,awW; k; jpwd; bgww; tu;. m) gj;J M) gjpide;J ,) gjpbdl;L <) ,UgJ [tpil: M) gjpide;J] 8. rjhtjhdp vd;w ghuhl;lg; bgww; tu; __________. m) ckWgg; [ytu ; M) gD mfkJ kiuff; hau; ,) braF; jkg; pg; ghtyu ; <) gof;fhj gy[ tu; [tpil: ,) braF; jkg; pg; ghtyu]; 9. rjhtjhdp vd;gJ __________. m) E}W bray;fis xnu neujj; py; braJ; fhlL; tJ M) Mapuk; ahidfisg; nghupy; bfhy;tJ ,) E}W kyuf; is xnu ,ljj; py; Ftpgg; J <) Mapuk; ngUfF; cztpLtJ  [tpil: m) E}W bray;fis xnu neuj;jpy; braJ; fhl;LtJ] www.tnpscjob.com