10th Tamil Guide by Surya Publications

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 243 fkg; dpd; ftpij @yk; bgWk; ,dg; =;fs; vj;jidnah mjpy; xd;W re;jk;. Xir jUk; ,dg; k; xU nfho ,d;gk; vdg; jw;F Vwg; / fkg; u; f=;if fhz; glyjj; py/; ``MH beLej; piu MW fle;J ,tu; nghthnuh ntH beLk; gil........~~ vdj; bjhl=F; k; ghly; cyfi; fahy; khwp khwp ,of;Fk; xjj; Xirapy; mikej; rej; k; ,of;Fk; fhl;rpiaf; fkg; u; fzK; d; vGg;gf[ pwhu;. ``cw=F; fpdw; Fk;gfdd; - t[=f; z; kha thH;bt yhk; ,w=F; fpdw; J- ,d;W fhz\"; vGej; puha;- vGe;jpuha-; fw=F; nghy tpy;gpojj; fhy J}ju; ifapny/ cw=;Ftha/; cw=F; tha-; ,dpf; fpleJ; cw=;Ftha-; ~~ nkw;brhd;d ftpijfis cw;W nehfF; kn; ghJ re;jf; ftpijapy; rpwfoj;Jg; gwfF; k; jkpH; beoa cyfpy; fk;gidj; jtpu ntW ahUkpyi; y vdg; ij mwpaKofpwJ. TLjy; tpdhf;fs; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g.[ ,ay; 6 jzl; iy/ bta;nahd;/ beLej; piu/ beLk;gil/ gJ[ kzy ; ? gz;g[j;bjhiffs; rzg; ff;fhL ? ,UbgabuhlL; g; gzg; [jb; jhif fpleJ; / fle;J/ tpHpjJ; ? tpidbarr; =f; s; nehf;f ? bgaburr; k; kwpfly;/ tpupnrhjp ? tpidj;bjhiffs; vGe;jpuha-; vGej; puha;- ? mLf;Fjb; jhlu; cw=;Ftha;- cw=F; tha-; ? mLfF; j;bjhlu; fhyJ}ju ; ? cUtfk; gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;. fple;J ? fpl + j(; e;) + j; + c tpHpj;J ? tpHp + j; + j; + c fpl ? gFjp j; ? rej; p(e;) MdJ tpfhuk; tpHp ? gFjp j; ? ,wej; fhy ,ilepiy c ? tpidbarr; tpFjp j; ? rej; p j; ? ,wej; fhy ,ilepiy c ? t pidbar;r tpFjp cw=F; fpd;w ? cw=;F + fpd;W + m gpojj; ? gpo + j; + j; + m cw=;F ? gFjp gpo ? gFjp fpd;W ? epfH;fhy ,ilepiy j; ? rej; p m ? bgabur;r tpFjp j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy m ? bgabur;r tpFjp cw=F; tha ; ? cw=;F + t; + Ma; cw=F; ? gFjp t; ? vjpu;fhy ,ilepiy Ma ; ? Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKwW; tpFjp www.tnpscjob.com

244 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ gyts[ ; bjupf 1. ghyfhz;lk; MwW; g;glyj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s MW vJ> m) rua[ MW M) f=;if MW ,) euk; ij MW <) aKid MW [tpil: m) rua[ MW] 2. fHP ;ff; hz;gdtw;Ws; bfho tifiar; nru;ej; J vJ> m) brz;gfk ; M) fKF ,) FUf;fjj; p <) bfhd;iw [tpil: ,) FUf;fj;jp] 3. fkg; u; ,uhkhazjj; pw;F ,l;l bgau; vJ> m) ,uhkfhij M) ,uhkhazk; ,) fkg; uhkhazk ; <) ,uhkhtjhuk; [tpil: <) ,uhkhtjhuk]; 4. bghUe;jhj ,iziaj; nju;eb; jL. m) ghyfhzl; k; ? Mw;Wgg; lyk;/ ehl;Lg;glyk; M) mnahj;jpah fhz;lk ; ? f=;ifg; glyk/; f=;if fhz; glyk; ,) aj[ j; fhzl; k ; ? Fkg; fUzd; tijg; glyk; <) Re;ju fhzl; k ; ? Ffg; glyk; [tpil: <) Rej; u fhzl; k; ? Ffg; glyk]; 5. `fkg; d; ,irjj; ftpbayy; hk; ehd~; vdW; bgUikg;gLgtu; __________. m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) fzz; jhrd ; <) fkg; jhrd ; [tpil: m) ghujpahu]; 6. fk;gu; gpwe;j Cu; __________. M) jpUf;fila{u; [tpil: m) jpUtGe;J}u]; m) jpUtGe;J}u ; <) jpUbtzf; hL ,) jpUthqu ; ,ay; 6 7. fk;guhkhazjj; pYss; fhzl; =f; s; __________. m) MW M) VG ,) vlL; <) xd;gJ [tpil: m) MW] 8. fk;gu; gpwe;j ehL __________. M) nrhH ehL [tpil: M) nrhH ehL] m) ghzo; a ehL <) gyy; t ehL ,) nruehL 9. rilagg; tss; ypd; Cu; __________. m) bjdf; hrp M) jpUbtz;bza; ey;Y}u; ,) jpUbeyn; typ <) jpUtGeJ; }u; [tpil: M) jpUbtzb; za; ey;Y}u]; 10. `tpUjj; k; vdD; k; xz;ghtpw;F cau; fkg; d~; vd;W g[fHg;gll; tu; __________. m) g[fnHe;jp M) bra=b; fhzl; hu; ,) fk;gu ; <) xll; fT; j;ju ; [tpil: ,) fk;gu]; 11. fk;gu; ,aww; hj E}iyf; fzl; wpf. m) ruRtjp mej; hjp M) gjpw;Wg; gej; hjp ,) jpUf;if tHf;fk; <) VbuGgJ [tpil: M) gjpw;Wg; gej; hjp] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 245 12. rilag;g ts;syhy; Mjupf;fg; bgw;w g[ytu; __________. m) fkg; u ; M) g[fnHe;jp ,) xll; f;Tjj; u ; <) xsitahu ; [tpil: m) fk;gu]; 13. c w=;Ffpdw; Fkg; fdd; - vdD; k; ghly; ,lk; bgwW; ss; fhzl; k; __________ glyk; __________. m) aj[ ;j fhzl; k/; Fk;gfUzd; tijg; glyk; M) ghyfhzl; k/; ehlL; g;glyk; ,) ghyfhz;lk;/ Mw;Wgg; lyk; <) mnahj;jpah fhz;lk;/ f=i; fg; glyk;  [tpil: m) aj[ j; fhzl; k;/ Fkg; fUzd; tijg; glyk]; 14. `jhJF nrhiynjhW+~; ? vd;W Mw;wpd; mHif tuz; pf;Fk; fk;guhkhazj;jpd; fhzl; k; vJ> glyk; vJ> m) ghyfhz;lk/; ehlL; g;glyk; M) ghyfhz;lk;/ MwW; g;glyk; ,) mnahjj; pah fhzl; k/; f=i; fg; glyk; <) aj[ ;j fhz;lk; Fkg; fUzd; tijg;glyk; [tpil: M) ghyfhzl; k/; Mw;Wg;glyk]; 15. Xu; capu; gy clyf; spy; CLUtp cyht[tJ nghy ghak[ ; ejpahfg; ghyfhzl; j;jpy; Fwpgg; plg;gLtJ __________. m) rua[ M) aKid ,) gpukk; gj[ ;jpuh <) f=i; f [tpil: m) rua][ 16. ``jzl; iy kapy;fshl~~ ? vd;W ,aw;if bfhYtwP w; pUfF; k; fhl;rpiag; bgupa fiy epfH;nt ,ay; 6 elgg; jhy; njhww; khff; fkg; d; vLjj; pak;gk[ ; fhzl; k; __________. m) ghyfhz;lk/; ehlL; gg; lyk; M) ghyfhzl; k;/ Mw;Wgg; lyk; ,) mnahjj; pah fhz;lk;/ f=;ifg;glyk; <) a[jj; fhzl; k; Fk;gfUzd; tijgg; lyk; [tpil: m) ghyfhzl; k;/ ehl;Lgg; lyk]; 17. `tz;ikapyi; y~ vd;w fk;gdpd; ghlyhy; mwpagg; LtJ __________. m) xd;wpd; ,Ugg; hy; ,d;bdhd;W milahsg;gLfpwJ vdg; ij M) gytw;wpd; ,Ug;ghy; rpytwi; wf; fhz ,ayhky; nghtij ,) myt; Hp ey;tHp mwpjy; <) ,awi; ff; fhl;rpfis kdpju;fnshL xgg; ply; [tpil: m) xd;wpd; ,Ugg; hy; ,d;bdhdW; milahsg;gLfpwJ vdg; ij] 18. `MH beLej; piu MW fle;J ,tu; nghth nuh> ntH beLk; gil fzL; tpy=f; pLk; tpy; Mnsh>~ ,g;ghlypy; mike;j ea=;fs; ahit> m) vJif M) nkhid ,) Kuz ; <) mej; hjp [tpil: m) vJif] 19. bghUjj; pf; fhlL; f. i) jhJF nrhiy ? 1. Mw;Wgg; lyk; ii) jzl; iy kapy;fshl ? 2. ehl;Lgg; lyk; www.tnpscjob.com

246 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ iii) bta;nahd; xsp ? 3. f=i; fg;glyk; [tpil: m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4] iv) MH beLej; piu ? 4. f=;if fhz; glyk; m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 ,) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1 M) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 1/ 4/ 3/ 2 FWtpdh 1. fkg; upd; bgUikiar; RlL; k; bjhluf; s; ahit> ŒŒ fy;tpapy; bgupatu; fkg; u;. ŒŒ fk;gd; tPl;Lf; fl;Ljj; wpak[ ; ftpghLk.; ŒŒ tpUj;jk; vd;Dk; xzg; htpwF; cau; fkg; d;. 2. fkg; u; ,aw;wpa E}yf; s; ahit>  VbuGgJ  rpiy vGgJ ŒŒ ruRtjp me;jhjp ŒŒ rlnfhgu; mej; hjp ŒŒ jpUf;if tHf;fk; 3. fkg; uhkhazk; Fwpgg; [ tiuf. ŒŒ ,uhkdJ tuyhw;iwf; TWk; E}y.; ŒŒ fkg; u; jk; vGjpa E}Yf;F ,uhkhtjhuk; vdg; bgaupll; hu;. ŒŒ MW fhz;l=;fis cilaJ. ŒŒ rej; eak; kpf;fJ. 4. rua[ MW vt;tpl=;fspbyy;yhk; gutpg; gha;e;jjhf fkg; u; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu>; ŒŒ kfuej; k; rpeJ; fpdw; nrhiyfs;  gJ[ kzy; jlhf=f; s; ŒŒ mUk;g[fs; kyUk; bgha;iffs;  beyt; ay;fs; ,ay; 6 5. nfhry ehl;oy; vitbay;yhk; ,y;iy> Vd>; ŒŒ tWik ,yy; hjjhy; m=n; f bfhil ,y;iy. ŒŒ neUf;F neu; nghu; gu[ pgtu; ,y;yhjjhy; cly; typikia vLj;Jf;fhl;l tha;g;gpyi; y. ŒŒ bgha;bkhHp ,yy; hjjhy; bka;ik jdpjJ; tps=;ftpy;iy. ŒŒ nfst; pr; bryt; k; kpFe;jpUg;gjhy; mwpahik ,yi; y. 6. ,uhkdpd; toit vtw;wpwb; fy;yhk; ctikahff; pas[ ;shu; fkg; u>; ŒŒ ik  ePyf;fly; ŒŒ gri; r epw kufjk;  fhu;nkfk; 7. f=;if fhz; glyjj; py; ntldpd; Tw;iw vGJf. ŒŒ ahidfs; bfhzl; nridiaf; fzL; / gw[ KJF fhlo; tpyfpr; bryf; pd;w tpy; tPudyy; ehd;. ŒŒ ,uhkDila njhHikia vzz; hky; MHKk; bgupa miyfisak[ ; cila f=i; f Mwi; w mtuf; s; jdpna fleJ; nghf tplyhkh> ŒŒ mt;thW bra;jhy; mw;gdhfpa ,e;j ntld; ,wej; pUff; yhnk vdW; cyfjj; hu; vd;idg; gHpbrhyy; khll; huf; sh> vdW; Twpdhd.; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 247 rpWtpdh 1. fk;gu; Fwpgg; [ tiuf. Mrpupau; bgau ; : fkg; u; gpwej; Cu ; : nrhH ehlo; y; cs;s jpUtGe;J}u; Mjupjj; tu ; : jpUbtzb; za; ey;Y}ur; ; rilagg; ts;sy; bgww; rpwgg; [fs; : fyt; papy; bgupatu; fk;gu/; fkg; d; tPl;Lf; fl;Lj;jwpa[k; ftpghLk/; tpUjj; k; vd;Dk; xzg; htpw;F cau; fkg; d~; ~ ,aww; pa E}y;fs ; : fkg; uhkhazk;/ ruRtjp mej; hjp/ rlnfhgu; mej; hjp/ jpUf;if tHff; k;/ Vu; vGgJ/ rpiy vGgJ. 2. ,awi; f bfhY tPw;wpUfF; k; fhl;rpiag; bgupa fiy epfHn; t elg;gjhd njhw;wkhff; fk;gd; ftp vtt; hW fhl;LfpwJ. (myy; J) kUjk; vtt; hW tPw;wpUf;fpwJ> ŒŒ F spue; ;j nrhiyfspy; kapy;fs; mHFw Mod. ŒŒ tpupjhkiu kyuf; s; tpsf;Ffs; Vw;wpaJ nghy; njhd;wpd. ŒŒ NGk; nkf=f; s; kjj; s xypaha; vGej; d. ŒŒ kyUk; Ftis kyuf; s; fzf; s; tpHpj;Jg; ghu;gg; J nghy; fhlr; paspjj; d. ŒŒ ePu; epiyfs; vGg;g[k; miyfs; jpiur;rPiyfsha; tpupej; d. ŒŒ kfu ahHpd; njd; xjj; ,irnghy; tzL; fs; hP=f; huk; ghl kUjk; tPww; pUe;jJ. 3. rua[ MW ghae; J; tUtijf; fk;gu; vtt; hW fhlr; pgg; Lj;Jfpd;whu;> ,ay; 6 ŒŒ k fuej; k; rpeJ; k; nrhiyfs;/ ŒŒ ku=f; s; kpFe;j brz;gff; fhLfs;/ ŒŒ mUk;g[fs; mtpHe; J; kyUk; bgha;iffs/; ŒŒ gJ[ kzy; Fs=f; s/; ŒŒ FUff; jj; p ntypa[ss; ghf;Fj; njhl;l=;fs; ŒŒ bey; tay;fs; ? ,it midj;Jk; gutpg; ghaf; pwJ. rua[ MW/ Xu; capu; gy cly;fspy; CLUtp cyht[tJ nghy; gy ,l=f; spy; ghaf; pd;wJ. 4. Fkg; fUzidf; fkg; u; jk; ftpeajj; hy; vt;thW vGgg; f[ pwhu>; ŒŒ cw=F; fpd;w Fkg; fUznd- ck;Kila bgha;ahd thHt; [ vyy; hk; ,d;wpypUeJ; ,w=F; tjwF; j; bjhl=f; ptpll; J. ŒŒ mjidf; fhzgjwf; hf vGe;jpLtha-; vGej; pLtha-; ŒŒ fhww; ho nghy vyy; h ,l=;fspYk; jpupfpd;w tpyi; yg; gpoj;j vkDf;Fj; J}juhdtu; ifapy; ,dpg;gLj;J cw=F; thahf- beLtpdh 1. fkg; upd; ftpff; hlr; pfis (tUzidj; jpwk;) tpsf;Ff. rua[ MW: ŒŒ kfuej; k; rpeJ; k; nrhiyfs;/ ŒŒ ku=;fs; kpFe;j brz;gff; fhLfs;/ ŒŒ mUk;gf[ s; mtpH;e;J kyUk; bgha;iffs;/ ŒŒ g[Jkzy; Fs=f; s;/ ŒŒ FUf;fjj; p ntypa[ss; ghf;Fj; njhl;l=;fs; www.tnpscjob.com

248 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ŒŒ bey; tay;fs; ? ,it midj;Jk; gutpg; gha;fpwJ. rua[ MW/ mJ Xu; capu; gy clyf; spy; CLUtp cyht[tJ nghy; gy ,l=;fspy; ghaf; pd;wJ. kUjk; twP ;wpUj;jy;: ŒŒ F spu;e;j nrhiyfspy; kapy;fs; mHFw Mod. ŒŒ t pupjhkiu kyu;fs; tpsf;Ffs; Vww; paJ nghy; njhdw; pd. ŒŒ NGk; nkf=f; s; kj;js xypaha; vGej; d. ŒŒ kyUk; Ftis kyuf; s; fzf; s; tpHpjJ; g; ghug; g; J nghy; fhlr; paspjj; d. ŒŒ ePu; epiyfs; vGg;g[k; miyfs; jpiurr; Piyfsha; tpupe;jd. ŒŒ kfu ahHpd; njd; xjj; ,irnghy; tz;Lfs; hP=;fhuk; ghl kUjk; tPw;wpUej; J. Fkg; fUzid vGgg; [jy:; ŒŒ cw=F; fpd;w Fkg; fUznd- ck;Kila bgha;ahd thHt; [ vyy; hk; ,dw; pypUe;J ,w=F; tjw;Fj; bjhl=;fptpl;lJ. ŒŒ mjidf; fhzgjw;fhf vGe;jpLtha-; vGej; pLtha-; ŒŒ fhw;who nghy vy;yh ,l=;fspYk; jpupfpdw; tpy;iyg; gpojj; vkDfF; j; J}juhdtu; ifapy; ,dpg;gLjJ; cw=F; thahf- fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk:; 138 ,ay; 6 1. fkg; uhkhazf; fijkhej; uf; Ss; vtnuDk; xUtu; Fwpj;J tFgg; py; ciuahw;Wf. fijkhej; u; : Ffd; jd; kidtp rPijal[ Dk;/ jk;gp ,yfF; tDlDk; ,uhkd; fhlo; wF; r; brd;whd.; bryY; k; tHpapy; f=i; ff; fiuia milej; hd.; m=;nf md;ng tothd ntlL; tj;jiytd; Ffd; ,uhkidr; re;jpj;jhd.; nghu;f;Fzkpf;f Ffdhdtd; Mapuk; glFfSf;Fj; jiytd\"; f=i; fahwW; j; njhzpj; JiwfF; j; bjhd;WbjhlL; cupikai[ latd\"; giftuf; is mHpf;Fk; tpy;yhw;wy; bgw;wtd\"; kiy nghd;w jpuzl; njhsf; is cilatd\"; Jo vd;Dk; giwia cilatd;\" ntli; l ehaf; isf; bfhzo; Ugg; td;\" njhy; brUg;g[ mzpej; bgU=f; hyf; is cilatd; \" fupa epwj;jtd.; fupa nkff; Tl;lk; jpuzL; te;jhwn; ghy; kpFjpahd gilgyk; cilatd;. ,jj; ifa Ffd; f=i; ff; fiuapd; gf;fj;jpYs;s rpU=f; pnguk; vd;Dk; efupy; thHg; td;. mtd; Kdptu; jtrr; hiyapy; css; ,uhkidf; fhz njDk; kPDk; bfhz;L brdw; hd; (murd/; FU/ bja;tk; Mfpnahiuf; fhzr; bryY; k; nghJ btW=;ifnahL bryy; yhfhJ vdg; J jkpH; kug[). ,uhkidf; fz;lJk; ,Us; nghdw; ePzl; Koai[ la jiy kzz; py; goaf; fPnH tpGeJ; tz=f; pdhd.; gpd;/ vGeJ; thia ifahy; bghjj; p/ cliy tisj;J mlff; kha; epdw; hd.; ,uhkd; mtid jd; mUfpy; mkUkhW Twpak[ ; kupahij epkpjj; khf mtd; mkutpy;iy. Ffdpd; md;g[ kw;Wk; kupahijiaf; fz;l ,uhkd; Ffdplk/; cs;sj;J mdg; [ Kjput; pdhy; eP bfhz;L te;j ,ej; g; bghUlf; s; vj;jd;ikajha; ,Ue;jhYk; mKjji; jtpl rpwej; dnt. md;g[ fye;jjdhy; J}adnt. ehd; ,ij VwW; f; bfhzl; nj tpUk;gp czl; jw;Fr; rkk; vdw; hd;. nkYk; Ffdplk/; Kdd; u; eh=f; s; cld;gpwe;njhu; ehyt; uha; ,Ue;njhk; \" tpupe;j mdg; pdhy; cd;ndhL Ituhndhk; vd;whd; ,uhkd.;  www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 249 ,ay; fiy gha;r;ry; tpupthdk; 6 ? rh. fej; rhkp TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. ghar; r; y; vdD; k; rpWfij vej; j; bjhFgg; py; ,lk; bgw;Wss; J> m) rh. fej; rhkpapd; fijfs ; M) jf;ifapd; kPJ ehdF; fz;fs; ,) RLkz; rpiyfs <) bjhiyeJ; nghdtuf; s;  [tpil: M) jf;ifapd; kPJ ehd;F fzf; s]; 2. ghar; r; y; vdD; k; rpWfijapd; Mrpupau; __________. m) b$afhej; d ; M) rh. fe;jrhkp ,) b$ankhfd; <) mfpyd ; [tpil: M) rh. fej; rhkp] 3. rh. fe;jrhkpapd; khtl;lk; __________ Cu; __________. m) ehfg;glo; dk;/ kapyhLJiw M) j+r; ht{u;/ gilj;jiytd;Fo ,) jpUr;rp/ ciwa{u ; <) jpUthqu;/ ty=i; fkhd;  [tpil: m) ehfgg; lo; dk;/ kapyhLJiw] 4. rh. fe;jrhkp ve;jf; FWk;glj;jpwF; midj;Jyf tpUijg; bgwW; s;shu>; m) bjhiyeJ; nghdtu;fs ; M) Nua; tk;rk; ,) rhej; Fkhup <) RLkz; rpiyfs; [tpil: <) RLkz; rpiyfs]; 5. rh. fe;jrhkpf;F vGjJ; yfpy; g[fiHg; bgwW; j; je;j gj[ pdk; __________. ,ay; 6 m) rhahtdk; M) Nua; tkr; k; ,) rhej; Fkhup <) bjhiyeJ; nghdtuf; s; [tpil: m) rhahtdk]; 6. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf. (rh. fe;jrhkpapd; gilgg; [fs;) i) jf;ifapd; kPJ ehd;F fz;fs; ? 1. rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp tpUJ ii) tprhuizf; fkp&d ; ? 2. gj[ pdk; iii) RLkz; rpiyfs; ? 3. midj;Jyf tpUJ iv) R{ua; tkr; k ; ? 4. rpWfijj; bjhFg;g[ m) 4/ 1/ 3/ 2 M) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 ,) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 <) 2/ 1/ 3/ 4 [tpil: m) 4/ 1/ 3/ 2] 7. ghar; ;ry; fijapy; ,lk; bgWgtu; __________. m) mDkhu ; M) ,uhkd; ,) thyp <) ,uhtzd ; [tpil: m) mDkhu]; 8. rh. fej; rhkpapd; rhfpja; tpUJ bgw;w E}y; __________. m) Nu;atk;rk; M) rhej; Fkhup ,) rhahtdk; <) tprhuizf; fkp&d; [tpil: <) tprhuizf; fkp&d]; www.tnpscjob.com

250 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; 6 beLtpdh 1. rh. fej; rhkpapd; `ghar; r; y;~ fijapy; tUk; `mDkhu~; vd;w fiy+dpd; fiyj;jpwid tpsfF; f. (my;yJ) mDkhu; Ml;lk; FwpjJ; gha;r;ry; fijapd; thapyhf rh. fe;jrhkp TWtd ahit> Fwpg;g[r; rll; k; Kd;Diu bjUKid jpwikfs; gf;f thj;jpak; mDkhu; Mll; k; mDkhu; mUfpy; mHF tuy; Mw;w=;fiu Xuk; Kot[iu Kd;Diu: gj[ pd vGjJ; fshy; jdJ gf[ iHj; jkpH; cyfpy; Kj;jpiug; gjpjJ; rhfpjj; pa mfhbjkp tpUJbgw;w rh. fej; rhkpapd; `ghar; ;ry~; fijapy; tUk; mDkhu; fiy+dpd; fiyj;jpwidg; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhzn; ghk;. bjUKid: bjUKidapy; jpden; jhWk; vjj; idnah fiyfs; eilbgw;Wf; bfhz;oUff; pdw; d. eLj;ju kff; is ek;gp j=f; s; thHt; hjhuji; jg; bgUf;fpf; bfhs;s mDkhu; ntlkplL; xUtd; midtiuak[ ; kfpH;tpff; pwhd.; jpwikfs:; Fu=;Fnghy Xotej; hd;. ,uz;L fhy;fisa[k; khwpkhwp jiyapy; mojJ; ntfkhff; iffis tPrp ele;jhd;. bfh+r; k; J}uk; brdW; filapy; ,Uej; thiHj; jhupypUe;J gH=;fisg; gwpjJ; mUfpy; ,Ue;jtuf; Sfb; fy;yhk; bfhLj;J jhDk; xU gHk; rhg;gpl;lhd;. gf;f thj;jpak:; rj=i; f nksk;/ jhsk/; ehjRuk; xypf;f mjwF; Vw;whwn; ghy; FWf;Fk; beLfF; khfg; gha;e;njhodhd;. ePz;l thiy nkny RHww; p jiuapy; moj;J gG[ jpiaf; fpsg;gpdhd.; mDkhu; Ml;lk:; ,irf;nfw;g Moatd; jdi; dna kwe;J iffis khu;nghL mizj;Jf; bfhz;lhd;. jhd; czi; k mDkhuhf khwpaij vz;zp `fPr; fPr~; vd;W fj;jpfb; fhz;nl gej; f;fhiyg; gww; pfb; fhz;L nkny Vwpdhd.;  jpObud nksKk; ehjRuKk; xypf;fj; bjhl=f; panghJ Tl;lk; jpifjj; J. fz;@o fz; jpwgg; jw;Fs; mDkhu; fPnH Fjpj;jhu.; thypy; bgupa jPg;ge;jk; fz;L Tl;lk; gpd;th=;fpaJ. mDkhu; fhy;fisj; jiuapy; moj;J clki; gf; FYf;fpdhu.; beUgg; [ miyghae; j; J. iffisj; jlo; f; Flo; ff; uzk; nghl;lhd.; Tl;lk; ghae; ;njhoaJ. mDkhu; jd; fkg; Pukhd njhw;wjn; jhL epd;W rpupjj; hu;. Tl;lKk; mikjpahdJ. mDkhu; mUfpy; mHF tuy:; mDkhuhy; thiy btF neukhfr; Rkf;f Koahjjhy; mHF ifapy; bfhLjJ; tplL; elf;f Mukg; pj;jhd.; thiyj; J}f;fpf; bfhz;L mHFthYk; Xl Koatpyi; y. btl;fj;njhL thiyg; nghlL; tpl;L btspnawpdhd;. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 251 fhupy; tej; tu; \\hud; mof;f xUtd; fhiu kwpjj; hd.; mDkhu; vupr;rYwW; mtid thyhy; gpd;DfF; ,Gj;jhd.; fhu; Kd;nd teJ; mDkhUf;Fg; gzk; bfhLf;f mDkhu; th=;fhky; nksf;fhuidg; ghuf; f; nksff; hud; th=f; p koapy; itjJ; f; bfhz;lhd.; Mw;w=f; iu Xuk:; Ml;lkpyy; hky; mDkhu; elf;f Mukg; pjj; nghJ Tl;lk; Fiwa Mukg; pjj; J. nksf;fhud; jt[iyf; fPnH ,wff; p itj;jhd;. Ml;lk; Koej; J vdW; jPu;khdk; braJ; Tll; k; Kww; pYk; fiyej; J. mDkhu; thahy; @rR; tplL; Mykujj; py; rha;e;Jbfhzl; hu;. nksff; hud; gzji; jg; g=F; nghl;Lg; gpupjJ; f; bfhLj;jhd;. mDkhu; mij th=f; pf; bfhz;L Mww; =;fiunahuKs;s nfhapy; J}zpy; rha;e;JbfhzL; mDkhu; clf; hue; ;jhu.; Koti[ u: ,f;fijapy; Tl;ljj; pdiu kfpH;tpff; tej; mDkhupd; Mll; j;ijf; fz;L ka=;fp mDkhiug; nghyj; jhDk; Modhd; mHF. mDkhnuhL xd;wpg; nghdhd.; fiyf; fiyf;fhfnt vdg; Jnghy xU fiy+d; ,d;bdhU fiy+id cUthff; Koa[k; vdg; ij `ghar; ;ry;~ fijapy; tUk; mDkhu; @yk; mwpaKofpwJ. fwg; it fw;wgpd; gf;fk:; 143 1. c=f; s; bjUf;fspy; fz;L kfpH;e;j gfy; ntlf; fiy+u;fisg; nghy ntlkplL; Mly; ,ay; 6 epfH;jj; pf; fhl;Lf. (khztu; brayg; hL) 2. nkilf; fiy+uf; Sk; gfy; ntlf; fiy+uf; Sk; vjpu; bfhsS; k; ,lu;ghLfs; FwpjJ; tFgg; iwapy; tpthjpff; . Mrpupau; : khztuf; ns- nkilf; fiy+u;fSk; gfy; ntlf; fiy+uf; Sk; vjpu; bfhsS; k; ,lu;ghLfs; Fwpj;J c=f; sJ fUjJ; vd;d> khztu; FG ? 1 : xg;gidf;Fg; gad;gLjj; pf; bfhs;Sk; my=f; hug; bghUlf; s; xt;thikia Vwg; LjJ; k; ry=;iffs; fhypy; FjJ; tjw;F tha;gg; s[ ;sJ. tpji; jfisf; fhlL; k; nghJ rpy tpgj;Jfs; neu thag; g; [ss; J. khztu; FG ? 2 : vj;bjhHpy; braa; pDk; tUkhd nehfF; ld; bra;ag;gLfpwJ. epfHf; iy fiy+u;fs; tUkhdk; <l;Ltijna Kjd;ikahff; bfhzl; tuf; s;. ciHgg; jdhy; tUk; tUkhdk; kfpHrr; piaf; bfhLfF; k; nghJ/ Vwg; Lk; gpur;ridfisr; rkhspjJ; f; bfhs;s ntzo; aJjhd;. Mrpupau; : vjb; jhHpy; MapDk; btt;ntW tpjkhd gpurr; idfis vjpu;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,t;t[yfpy; ehk; thGk; thH;fi; f ehlfj;jpy; eofuf; shf ,UfF; k; fiy+u;fs; re;jpfF; k; ,lu;ghLfs; ntW khjpupahdit. nfhkhspfshf eofF; k; fiy+uf; s; gpwupd; nfypf; TjJ; fF; Mshfpd;wdu.; j=;fSf;Fupa nrhf=f; s; vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; mjid btspgg; Ljj; hJ kf;fis kfpH;tpf;f epidfF; k; fiy+uf; s; caue; ;jtnu.  www.tnpscjob.com

252 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; fiy fwf; z;L 6 mfg;bghUs; ,yf;fzk; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. Fspu;fhyji; jg; bghGjhff; bfhz;l epy=f; s; __________. m) Kyi; y/ Fwp+r; p/ kUj epy=f; s; M) Fwp+r; p/ ghiy/ beaj; y; epy=;fs; ,) Fwp+;rp/ kUjk;/ beaj; y; epy=f; s; <) kUjk/; bea;jy;/ ghiy epy=f; s; [tpil: ,) Fwp+;rp/ kUjk/; beaj; y; epy=f; s]; FWtpdh 1. fhl;oy; tpi[ se;j tufpy; rikjj; czt[ kiHf;fhy khiyapy; Nlhf czz; r; Rit kpFej; pUfF; k;. ,j;bjhlupy; mike;Js;s Kjw;bghUs;/ fUg;bghUsf; is tifgg; Lj;jp vGJf. Kjwb; ghUs;: epyk; fhL Kyi; y rpWbghGJ ? khiy ,ay; 6 bghGJ bgUkb; ghGJ ? fhu;fhyk; fUgb; ghUs; : czt[ tuF/ rhik. 2. fHP ;tUk; bjhlu;fspy; bghUej; hj fUg;bghUsf; isj; jpUjj; p vGJf. cHtu;fs; kiyapy; cGjdu;. Kyi; yg;g{r; broiag; ghuj; ;jthnw gujtu; flYfF; r; brdw; du;. ŒŒ cHtuf; s; taypy; cGjdu;. ŒŒ b eaj; yg; {r; broiag; ghu;jj; thnw gujtuf; s; flYfF; r; brdw; du;. (myy; J) jhiHgg; {r; broiag; ghu;j;jthnu gujtuf; s; flYf;Fr; brdw; du;. ŒŒ Ky;iyg;g{r; broiag; ghu;j;jthnw ,ilauf; s; fhlL; f;Fr; brd;wdu.; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 253 TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. bfhLf;fg;glL; ss; tpilfspy; rupahd tpil tupiriaj; nju;e;bjL. i) Fwp+r; p ? 1. ngqu;/ @J}u; ii) Ky;iy ? 2. gl;odk;/ ghf;fk; iii) kUjk; ? 3. rpWFo iv) bea;jy; ? 4. FWkg; [ v) ghiy ? 5. gho/ nrup m) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2/ 5 M) 4/ 3/ 1/ 5/ 2 ,) 3/ 2/ 5/ 1/ 4 <) 3/ 5/ 1/ 2/ 4 [tpil: <) 3/ 5/ 1/ 2/ 4] 2. bghUjj; khd tpiliaf; fzl; wpf. i) Fwp+r; p ? 1. tww; pa Rid/ fpzW ii) Ky;iy ? 2. kidf;fpzW/ bghai; f iii) kUjk ; ? 3. fhl;lhW iv) bea;jy ; ? 4. mUtpePu/; RidePu; v) ghiy ? 5. kzw;fpzW/ ctuf; f; Hp m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 5/ 1 M) 5/ 4/ 1/ 2/ 3 ,) 4/ 3/ 5/ 1/ 2 <) 3/ 4/ 5/ 2/ 1 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 5/ 1] 3. bghUej; hj ,iziaf; fzl; wpf. [tpil: ,) bea;jy; ? jpid] ,ay; 6 m) Kyi; y ? tuF/ rhik M) kUjk ; ? breb; ey;/ btzb; zy; ,) beaj; y; ? jpid <) ghiy ? Niwahlyhy; tUk; bghUs ; 4. Kyi; y epyjj; pwF; upa bgUkb; ghGjpidj; njue; b; jL. m) fhu;fhyk; M) Fspuf; hyk; ,) Kd;gdp <) gpd;gdp [tpil: m) fhuf; hyk]; 5. Ie;jpizfSfF; cupad __________. i) Kjw;bghUs ; ii) fUgb; ghUs; iii) cupg;bghUs; m) i - rup M) ii - rup ,) @d;Wk; rup <) iii - kl;Lk; rup [tpil: ,) @dW; k; rup] 6. bghUjj; pf; fhlL; f. i) Fwp+;rp ? 1. flYk; fly; rhu;ej; ,lKk; ii) Kyi; y ? 2. taYk; tay; rhu;e;j ,lKk; iii) kUjk; ? 3. fhLk; fhL rhue; ;j ,lKk; iv) bea;jy; ? 4. kiya[k; kiyrhue; j; ,lKk; m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 ,) 4/ 2/ 3/ 1 <) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] www.tnpscjob.com

254 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 7. kzYk; kzy; rhue; j; ,lKk; ? vj;jpizf;FupaJ> m) Fwp+r; p M) Kyi; y ,) beaj; y ; <) ghiy [tpil: <) ghiy] 8. bghGJ vjj; id tifgg; Lk>; m) ,U M) @d;W ,) ehd;F <) MW [tpil: m) ,U] 9. bghUjj; pf; fhlL; f. i) fhuf; hyk ; ? 1. khrp/ g=;Fdp ii) Fspu;fhyk; ? 2. khu;fHp/ ij iii) Kd;gdpf;fhyk ; ? 3. Ig;grp/ fhuj; j; pif iv) gpd;gdpf;fhyk; ? 4. Mtzp/ gu[ l;lhrp m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 ,) 4/ 2/ 3/ 1 <) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] 10. ,sntdpw; fhyjJ; fF; upa khj=f; s; __________. m) Mtzp/ gu[ ll; hrp M) rpj;jpiu/ itfhrp ,) Mdp/ Mo <) khuf; Hp/ ij [tpil: M) rpjj; piu/ itfhrp] 11. Mdp/ Mo Kjyhd khj=;fs; __________. m) fhuf; hyk; M) Fspuf; hyk; ,) ,sntdpw;fhyk; <) KJntdpw;fhyk ; [tpil: <) KJntdpwf; hyk]; 12. bghUjj; pf; fhl;Lf. i) fhiy ? 1. khiy 6 kzp Kjy; ,ut[ 10 kzp tiu ii) ez;gfy; ? 2. gpwg; fy; 2 kzp Kjy; 6 kzp tiu iii) vwg; hL ? 3. fhiy 10 kzp Kjy; 2 kzp tiu iv) khiy ? 4. fhiy 6 kzp Kjy; 10 kzp tiu ,ay; 6 m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 2/ 1/ 3/ 4 ,) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 <) 2/ 1/ 4/ 3 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] 13. ,ut[ 10 kzp Kjy; ,ut[ 2 kzp tiu css; rpWbghGJ __________. m) vwg; hL M) khiy ,) ahkk; <) itfiw [tpil: ,) ahkk]; 14. itfiwfF; upa fhy neuk; __________. m) ,ut[ 2 kzp Kjy; fhiy 6 kzp tiu M) fhiy 6 kzp Kjy; 10 kzp tiu ,) fhiy 10 kzp Kjy; 2 kzp tiu <) ,ut[ 10 kzp Kjy; ,ut[ 2 kzp tiu[tpil: m) ,ut[ 2 kzp Kjy; fhiy 6 kzp tiu] 15. bghUjj; pf; fhlL; f. i) Fwp+;rp ? 1. fhuf; hyk; ii) Kyi; y ? 2. Fspu;fhyk;/ Kdg; dpff; hyk; iii) kUjk;/ beaj; y ; ? 3. ,sntdpy;/ KJntdpy;/ gpd;gdp iv) ghiy ? 4. MW bgUkb; ghGJfs; m) 2/ 1/ 4/ 3 M) 4/ 1/ 3/ 2 ,) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 <) 2/ 4/ 3/ 1 [tpil: m) 2/ 1/ 4/ 3] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 255 16. ez;gfy; vj;jpizfF; upa rpWbghGJ> [tpil: <) ghiy] [tpil: m) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2] m) Fwp+;rp M) Kyi; y [tpil: m) 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] [tpil: <) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5] ,) beaj; y; <) ghiy [tpil: m) 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] [tpil: m) 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] 17. bghUj;jpf; fhlL; f. i) Fwp+;rp ? 1. itfiw 2. vw;ghL ii) Kyi; y ? 3. ahkk; 4. khiy iii) kUjk ; ? M) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 iv) bea;jy ; ? <) 3/ 2/ 1/ 4 m) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 ,) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 18. jpizfSfF; upa bja;tj;ijg; bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf. i) Fwp+;rp ? 1. bfhw;wit ii) Kyi; y ? 2. tUzd; iii) kUjk ; ? 3. ,ej; pud; iv) bea;jy ; ? 4. jpUkhy; v) ghiy ? 5. KUfd; m) 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 4/ 5/ 2/ 3/ 1 ,) 3/ 2/ 4/ 5/ 1 <) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5 19. jpizfSfF; upa kff; isg; bghUj;jpf; fhlL; f. i) btw;gd ; ? 1. Fwp+r; p ii) njhdw; y ; ? 2. Ky;iy iii) Cud; ? 3. kUjk; iv) nrug; g; d ; ? 4. beaj; y; v) vapdu ; ? 5. ghiy m) 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 4/ 5/ 2/ 3/ 1 ,ay; 6 ,) 3/ 5/ 4/ 1/ 2 <) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5 20. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf. i) gy[ p ? 1. ghiy 2. beaj; y; ii) khd; ? 3. kUjk; 4. Ky;iy iii) vUik ? 5. Fwp+;rp iv) Kjiy ? M) 4/ 5/ 2/ 3/ 1 <) 4/ 2/ 3/ 1/ 5 v) typapHe;j ahid ? m) 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 ,) 2/ 1/ 4/ 5/ 3 21. bghUjj; pf; fhl;Lf. ? 1. Futk;/ ghjpup i) Fwp+r; p ? 2. jhiH ii) Ky;iy ? 3. jhkiu/ br=f; GePu; iii) kUjk; ? 4. njhdw; p iv) beaj; y; ? 5. fhej; s; v) ghiy M) 4/ 5/ 2/ 1/ 3 m) 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2/ 5 ,) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1/ 5 www.tnpscjob.com

256 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ 22. bghUj;jpf; fhlL; f. ? 1. mfpy/; nt=i; f [tpil: m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5] i) Fwp+;rp ? 2. bfhd;iw/ fhah [tpil: m) 4/ 2/ 3/ 1/ 5] ii) Ky;iy ? 3. fh+r; p iii) kUjk; ? 4. g[di; d/ +hHy; iv) beaj; y ; ? 5. ,Ygi; g v) ghiy M) 2/ 3/ 1/ 5/ 4 m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5 <) 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 ,) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1/ 5 ? 1. flwf; hfk; 23. bghUjj; pf; fhlL; f. ? 2. fhl;Lf; nfhHp/ kapy; i) Fwp+;rp ? 3. ehiu/ ePuf; n; fhHp/ mdd; k; ii) Kyi; y ? 4. fpsp/ kapy; iii) kUjk; ? 5. g[wh/ gUe;J iv) bea;jy; v) ghiy M) 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 3/ 4/ 2/ 5/ 1 m) 4/ 2/ 3/ 1/ 5 ,) 4/ 3/ 1/ 5/ 2 24. tpsup ahH; vjj; pizf;F cupaJ> m) Fwp+;rp M) kUjk; ,) bea;jy; <) ghiy [tpil: ,) bea;jy]; [tpil: m) 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] 25. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf. i) Fwp+;rp ? 1. Jo 2. kPd; nfhl;giw ii) Kyi; y ? 3. kzKHh 4. VWnfhl;giw iii) kUjk ; ? 5. bjhzl; fk; ,ay; 6 iv) beaj; y; ? M) 4/ 5/ 2/ 1/ 3 <) 3/ 5/ 1/ 2/ 4 v) ghiy ? m) 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 ,) 3/ 4/ 5/ 2/ 1 26. brtt; Hpgg; z;/ g+;Rug;gz; Kjypadtw;Wf;Fupa jpizfs; Kiwna __________. m) bea;jy;/ ghiy M) Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy ,) kUjk/; bea;jy; <) kUjk;/ ghiy [tpil: m) bea;jy/; ghiy] 27. Ky;iy epykff; spd; czt[g; bghUsf; s; __________. m) btz;bey;/ tuF M) kiybey;/ jpiz ,) tuF/ rhik <) kPd/; bre;bey ; [tpil: ,) tuF/ rhik] FWtpdh 1. bghUs; ,yff; zk; Fwpg;g[ tiuf. ŒŒ bghUs; vdg; J xGf;f Kiw. ŒŒ jkpHu; thH;tpay; xGf;f=f; is mfk;/ gw[ k; vd tFj;jdu;. ŒŒ ,tw;iwg; gw;wpf; TWtnj bghUs; ,yff; zk.; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 257 2. mfjj; piz vd;why; vdd; > ,ay; 6 mdg; [ila jiytd; jiytp ,ilapyhd cwt[ epiyfisf; TWtJ mfjj; piz MFk.; 3. mdg; pd; jpizfs; vj;jid> mit ahit> md;gpd; jpizfs; IeJ; . mit: Fwp+;rp/ Kyi; y/ kUjk/; bea;jy;/ ghiy. 4. mfj;jpizf;Fupa bghUs;fs; vj;jid> mit ahit> mfj;jpizf;Fupa bghUs;fs; @d;W. mit: Kjwb; ghUs;/ fUg;bghUs;/ cupg;bghUs;. 5. Kjwb; ghUshtJ ahJ> epyKk; bghGJk; Kjwb; ghUs; MFk;. 6. Itif epy=;fspd; miktpl=;fisf; TWf. ŒŒ Fwp+r; p ? kiyak[ ; kiy rhu;e;j ,lKk; ŒŒ Kyi; y ? fhLk; fhL rhue; ;j ,lKk; ŒŒ kUjk; ? taYk; tay; rhu;ej; ,lKk; ŒŒ beaj; y ; ? flYk; fly; rhue; ;j ,lKk; ŒŒ ghiy ? RuKk; Ruk; rhu;e;j ,lKk; 7. bghGJ vj;jid tifg;gLk>; mit ahit> bghGJ ,uz;L tifgg; Lk; mit: bgUkb; ghGJ/ rpWbghGJ. 8. bgUk;bghGjpw;Fupa TWfs; vjj; id> mit ahit> bgUk;bghGjpw;Fupa TWfs; MW. mit: fhu;fhyk/; Fspuf; hyk;/ Kd;gdpf; fhyk/; gpd;gdpf; fhyk/; ,sntdpw; fhyk;/ KJntdpw; fhyk.; 9. rpWbghGjpw;Fupa TWfs; vjj; id> mit ahit> rpWbghGjpw;Fupa TWfs; MW. mit: fhiy/ ezg; fy;/ vw;ghL/ khiy/ ahkk;/ itfiw. 10. vw;ghL gpupj;J bghUs; vGJf. vy; + ghL = vwg; hL vy; ? Nupad; ghL ? kiwak[ ; neuk; bghUs ; ? Nupad; kiwa[k; neuk;. 11. fUg;bghUs; vd;why; vdd; > xtb; thUepyjj; pw;Fk;cupabja;tk;Kjyhfj;bjhHpy;tiuapy;jdpj;jdpnaFwpg;gplg;gLtJ fUgb; ghUs.; 12. cupgb; ghUs; vd;why; vdd; > ftpijfspy; fUg;bghUspd; gpdd; zpapy; mikj;Jg; ghlgg; LtJ cupg;bghUs;. 13. Itif epyjj; pw;Fupa bja;t=;fspd; bgauf; isf; TW. Fwp+;rp ? KUfd; Kyi; y ? jpUkhy; www.tnpscjob.com

258 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ kUjk; ? ,ej; pud; beaj; y; ? tUzd; ghiy ? bfhww; it 14. Itif epyjj; pw;Fupa giwfisf; TW. Fwp+;rp ? bjhz;lfg; giw Kyi; y ? VWnfhlg; iw kUjk ; ? kzKHh/ bey;yupfpiz bea;jy ; ? kPd; nfhl;giw ghiy ? Jo 15. Itif epyjj; pwF; upa ahH;/ gz; vit vd vGJf. epyk; ahH; gz; Fwp+;rp Fwp+;rp ahH; Fwp+r; pgg; z; Kyi; y Ky;iy ahH; Ky;iygg; z; kUjk; kUj ahH; kUjgg; z; bea;jy; tpsup ahH; brtt; Hpg;gz; ghiy ghiy ahH; g+;Rugg; z; 16. Itif epyj;jpw;Fupa kuk;/ g{ Mfpatwi; w vGJf. ,ay; 6 epyk; kuk; g{ Fwp+;rp mfpy/; nt=;if Fwp+;rp/ fhe;js; Kyi; y bfhd;iw/ fhah Ky;iy/ njhdw; p kUjk; fh+;rp/ kUjk; br=;fGePu/; jhkiu bea;jy; g[di; d/ +hHy; jhiH/ bea;jy; ghiy ,Yg;ig/ ghiy Futk/; ghjpup 17. Itif epyj;jpw;Fupa kf;fs; ahtu;> epyk; kff; s; Fwp+;rp btwg; d/; Fwtu/; Fwjj; pau; Kyi; y njhdw; y/; Mau;/ Mar; ;rpau; kUjk; Cud/; cHtu/; cHjj; pau; beaj; y; nrug; g; d;/ gujd;/ guj;jpau; ghiy vapdu;/ vapw;wpau; 18. Itif epyjj; pwF; upa tpy=F; fs; kw;Wk; gwitfs; vit vdf; TWf. epyk; tpy=;Ffs; gwitfs; Fwp+r; p g[yp/ fuo/ rp=f; k; fpsp/ kapy; Kyi; y Kay; khd/; gy[ p fhlL; fn; fhHp/ kapy; kUjk; vUik/ ePu; eha; ehiu/ md;dk/; ePu;f;nfhHp bea;jy; Kjiy/ Rwh flw;fhfk;. ghiy typapHej; ahid g[wh/ gUe;J. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 259 19. Itif epyjj; pwF; upa bjhHpyf; s; ahit> epyk; bjhHpyf; s; Fwp+r; p njbdLjj; y;/ fpH=F; mfHj; y; Ky;iy VW jGt[jy;/ epiu nkaj; j; y; kUjk; bey;yupjy;/ fis gwpj;jy; beaj; y; kPd; gpojj; y;/ cgg; [ tpistpjj; y; ghiy tHpg;gwp/ epiu ftu;jy; 20. Itif epyjj; pwF; upa ePiu vGJf. epyk; ePu; Fwp+;rp mUtp ePu;/ RidePu; Ky;iy fhll; hW kUjk; kidff; pzW/ bgha;if bea;jy; kzwf; pzW/ ctuf; f; Hp ghiy tw;wpa Rid/ fpzW 21. Itif epyjj; pypUeJ; fpilfF; k; czt[g; bghUsf; s; ahit> epyk; cztg[ ; bghUs;fs; Fwp+r; p kiybey;/ jpid Kyi; y tuF/ rhik kUjk; breb; ey/; btzb; zy; bea;jy; kPd;/ cgg; f[ ;Fg; bgww; bghUs; ghiy Niwahlyhy; tUk; bghUs; 22. Itif epyj;jpw;Fupa Cu;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. epyk; Cu; ,ay; 6 Fwp+r; p rpWFo Kyi; y gho/ nrup kUjk; ngqu/; @J}u; bea;jy; gl;odk/; ghff; k; ghiy FWk;g[ rpWtpdh 1. bgUkb; ghGjpw;Fupa TWfis vGjp/ mf;fhyjj; pw;fhd khj=f; isa[k; vGJf. bgUk;bghGJ khjk; fhu;fhyk; Mtzp/ gu[ l;lhrp Fspuf; hyk; Ig;grp/ fhu;jj; pif Kdg; dpf; fhyk; khu;fHp/ ij gpd;gdpf; fhyk; khrp/ g=F; dp ,sntdpw; fhyk; rpj;jpiu/ itfhrp KJntdpw; fhyk; Mdp/ Mo www.tnpscjob.com

260 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ (1 Mzo; d; 12 khj=;fSk; ,uz;ouzL; khj=;fshfg; gpupf;fg;glL; s;sJ. (12'2 = 6) 2. rpWbghGjpwF; upa TWfisa[k; mjw;Fupa neu mst[fisa[k; Fwpgg; pLf. rpWbghGJ neuk; fhiy fhiy 6 kzp Kjy; fhiy 10 kzp tiu ez;gfy; fhiy 10 kzp Kjy; gpw;gfy; 2 kzp tiu vw;ghL gpw;gfy; 2 kzp Kjy; khiy 6 kzp tiu khiy khiy 6 kzp Kjy; ,ut[ 10 kzp tiu ahkk; ,ut[ 10 kzp Kjy; ,ut[ 2 kzp tiu itfiw ,ut[ 2 kzp Kjy; fhiy 6 kzp tiu (1 ehspd; 24 kzp neuKk; ehdF; ehd;F kzp neukhfg; gpupff; g;gl;Ls;sJ. (24'4=6) 3. Ie;jpizf;Fk; cupa bgUkb; ghGJfs; rpWbghGJfis vGJf. jpiz bgUkb; ghGJ rpWbghGJ Fwp+r; p Fspuf; hyk;/ Kdg; dpf; fhyk; ahkk; Ky;iy fhuf; hyk; khiy kUjk; MW bgUk;bghGJfs; itfiw bea;jy; MW bgUk;bghGJfs; vwg; hL ghiy ,sntdpy;/ KJntdpy;/ gpd;gdp ezg; fy; fwg; it fww; gpd; gff; k:; 146 ,ay; 6 1. gz;ilj; jkpHupd; jpizepiy thHf; i; f Kiwiaa[k; ,d;iwa jkpHupd; thHf; ;if Kiwiaak[ ; xg;gplL; xtb; thUtu; fUj;ija[k; gjpt[ braJ; bghJf; fUji; j mwpf. gjpt[ braa; gg; l;l fUjJ; fs; fUj;J ? 1: fhy=;fs; gy flej; hYk; bja;tek;gpf;ifak[ ; rl=F; fSk; bgUkstpy; khwhky; cs;sd. kf;fsplk; rhjp btwpak[ ; rhjp ntWghLk; eP=f; pa[ss; J. kf;fs; midtUk; rkk; vd;w epiyfF; j; jFjpgLjj; gg; lL; ss; du;. fUjJ; ? 2: czt[ Kiwapy; ,d;W bgUk; khww; k; Vwg; lL; s;sJ. ,awi; fahd jhdpa=;fs; kw;Wk; gapW tif czt[g; bghUlf; s; bgUk;ghYk; cztpy; nru;f;fgg; Ltjpyi; y. fUjJ; ? 3: j=f; Sfb; fdf; Fwpj;j gz;/ ahH/; giw Mfpatw;iwg; gz;ilj; jpiz epy jkpHu; gad;gLjj; paijg; nghy ,dW; ahUk; gad;gLj;jtpyi; y. mtutu; tpUg;gkhd ,iria ,irg; gs;spfSf;Fr; brdW; fw;Wf; bfhs;fpd;wdu.; fUj;J ? 4: jpiz epyj;jpwn; fwg; bjhHpy;fs; ,dW; bgUkstpy; eilbgwtpyi; y. ,aw;ifapd; tpisahl;lhy; ,d;W kUjepy bjhHpyf; Sk/; bea;jy; epy bjhHpyf; Sk; kpft[k; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 261 eyptile;Js;sd. nkYk; mjpf tUkhdk; bgWtjw;fhft[k; fy;tpawpt[ bgw;W tUtjhy; cau; gjtpapy; cs;s ntiyfisj; njo efu=;fSf;F kff; s; ,lkb; gau;e;J bryf; pd;wdu;. fUjJ; ? 5: ,awi; fr; NHYk/; ehfupf tsur; ;rpak[ /; fhyr; NHYk; vy;yh epiyfspYk; khww; =f; is Vwg; Lj;jpdhYk; gz;ila kug[ khwhJ thH;fpd;wdu.; bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gff; k:; 149 bkhHpbgau;g;g:[ Koothu  Therukoothu is, as its name indicates, a popular form of theatre performed in the streets. It is performed by rural artists. The stories are derived from epics like Ramayana, Mahabharatha and other ancient Puranas. There are more songs in the play with dialogues improvised by the artists on the spot. Fifteen to twenty actors with a small orchestra forms a koothu troupe. Though the orchestra has a singer, the artists sing in their own voices. Artists dress themselves with heavy costumes and bright makeup. Koothu is very popular among rural areas. jkpHhff; k; : Tj;J bjUfT; jJ; mjd; bgaUfF; Vw;whw;nghy; bjUtpy; elf;Fk; xU kpfr; rpwe;j fiy. ,jpy; fpuhkg;g[w fiy+uf; s; g=;nfwf; pwhuf; s;. ,jd; fijfs; gH=f; htpakhd ,uhkhazk;/ kfhghujk; kwW; k; giHa gu[ hz=f; spy; ,Ue;J vLf;fgg; LfpwJ. ,jpy; giHa ghlyf; is ciuahlYld; fiy+u;fs; cUthfF; fpwhu;fs;. gjpide;J Kjy; ,UgJ fiy+uf; s; rpwpa ,irfF; Gthf nru;ej; Jjhd; bjUf;TjJ; Tll; k.; ,irf;FGtpy; gy ghly;fs; ,Uej; nghJk; fiy+u;fs; j=f; s; Fuypnyna ghLthu;fs;. fiy+uf; s; kpfr; rpwej; cilay=f; huKk; xgg; idak[ ; braj; pUgg; u;. fpuhkg; gw[ =;fspy; TjJ; kpft[k; gpugykhdJ. bjhlu;fis mwpnthk;/ bjhlu;e;J bra;nthk;. ,ay; 6 1. xU jdprb; rhwb; whlupy; Xu; vGthnah gy vGthaf; nsh ,Ue;J xU gadpiyiaf; bfhz;L mika[k.; v.fh: m) nkup ngUej; pw;fhff; fhjj; pUej; hu;. M) nkupak[ ; fdfhtk[ ; ngUej; py; Vwpdu;. 2. bjhlu; brhw;bwhlu/; xd;WfF; k; nkw;gl;l gadpiyiaf; bfhz;L ,Uf;Fk.; v.fh: m) ,dpa epyh ngr;Rg; nghl;oapy; g=;nfww; hu;\" btw;wp bgw;whu\"; gupirj; jlo; r; brd;whu;. M) md;tu; mu=f; jj; pw;F teJ; ehlfk; ghuj; ;J/ kfpH;rr; p milej; hu.; 3. fyitr; brhw;bwhlupy; fUjJ; KGik bgww; xU Kjdi; kj; bjhlUk; fUjJ; KGik bgwhj Jizj; bjhlu;fSk; fyeJ; tUk;. v.fh: m) kiH bfhlo; f; bfhzo; Ue;jhYk; gfytd; gs;spf;F ele;J te;jhd;. gfytd; gs;spf;F ele;J tej; hd; ? Kjd;ikj; bjhlu; kiH bfhlo; f; bfhz;oUe;jhYk; ? Jizj; bjhlu; www.tnpscjob.com

262 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; 6 bjhlu;fis milg;g[f; Fwpf;Fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sthW khw;Wf. v.fh: miHgg; [ kzp xypj;jJ. fayt; pHp fjitj; jpwe;jhu;. (jdpr; brhw;bwhluf; isf; fyitr; brhwb; whluf; shf khw;Wf) miHgg; [ kzp xypjj; jhy/; fay;tpHp fjitj; jpwe;jhu;. 1. , d;dhrpahu; g[jj; f=f; is tupirgg; Lj;jpdhu;. mtwi; wg; g[jj; f mLf;f=;fspy; mLff; p itj;jhu;. gj[ ;jf=;fisf; nfll; tuf; Sf;F vLjJ; f; bfhLj;jhu;. (bjhlu; brhw;bwhluhf khwW; f) ,d;dhrpahu; g[jj; f=f; is tupirgg; Ljj; p/ g[jj; f mLf;f=;fspy; mLf;fp/ g[jj; f=f; isf; nfl;ltuf; Sf;F vLj;Jf; bfhLj;jhu.; 2. xapyhll; j;jpy; FGtpdu; xnu epwj; Jzpia Kz;lhR nghyf; fl;of;bfhz;L/ fhypy; ry=;if mzpe;J bfhzL; / ifapy; xU rpW Jzpia ,irfn; fwg; trP pa[k; MLtu;. (jdpr; brhwb; whlu;fshf khwW; f.) xapyhll; f; FGtpdu; xnu epwj; Jzpia Kzl; hR nghyf; fl;of; bfhs;tu.; fhypy; ry=i; f mzpe;J bfhs;tu.; ifapy; xU rpW Jzpia ,irf;nfw;g tPrpa[k; MLtu.; 3. TjJ; f; fiy+u; ghlj; bjhl=;fpdhu.; ToapUej; kf;fs; mikjpahapdu;. (fyitr; brhwb; whluhf khwW; f) TjJ; f; fiy+u; ghlj; bjhl=f; pajhy; ToapUej; kf;fs; mikjpahapdu.; 4. Xof;bfhzo; Uej; kpdt; prpwp rl;bld epd;wtl[ d/; miwapy; css; tuf; s; ngr;R jilgl;lJ. (jdpr; brhw;bwhlu;fshf khw;Wf) Xof; bfhzo; Uej; kpdt; prpwp rlb; ld epdw; J. mjdhy; miwapy; css; tuf; spd; ngrR; jilgll; J. gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fisj; jkpH;r;brhw;fshf khw;Wf. g[jpu;: c=;fsplk; VG nfhyL; gp!;fl; cs;sJ. mjpy; xdW; klL; k; vil FiwthdJ. c=;fsplk; css; xU juhir ,U Kiwfs; klL; nk a{!; gzz; p btapl; Fiwej; nfhy;L gp!f; li; lf; fzL; gpof;ftk[ ;. tpil: juhrpd; ,uz;L jlL; fspYk; @d;W @d;W nfhy;L gp!f; l;Lfis ita=[ ;fs.; ,uzL; jl;LfSk; <ft; yhf ,Ue;jhy/; ifapy; kpr;rk; css; gp!f; ln; l btapl; FiwthdJ. gl; Mdhy/; xU gff; juhRj; jlL; cau;ej; hy; mjpy; css; @d;W gp!f; lf; spy; xd;W btapl; FiwthdJ. me;j @d;W gp!f; lL; fis klL; k; vLj;JitjJ; fb; fhsS; =;fs.; ,uzL; jl;LfspYk; xU xU gp!f; l;ilg; nghl;L ,nj vf!; b; gupbkzl; ;il upg;gPl; braJ; Mdr; iuf; fz;Lgpoa[=;fs;- My; jp bg!;l;- gpwbkhHpr; brhy; jkpHr; ; brhy; gpwbkhHpr; brhy; jkpH;r; brhy; nfhy;L gp!;fl; j=f; ff; lo; gl; Mdhy; <ft; yhf rkkhf upg;gPl; kWgo btapl; vil Md;riu tpilia vf;!b; gupbkz;l; gupnrhjid My; jp bg!;l; vy;yhk; edi; kfn; f- www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 263 ehl;Lg;gw[ g; ghlYf;nfw;w NHiy vGJf. ghly; MjJ; f;F me;jz;ilna mz;zd; tr;r bjd;dkg; s[ ;ns- mz;zd; g[ss; thodhYk; akk; ho- akk; ho- bjd;dkg; [ss; thlyhnkh> akk; ho- ak;kho- thaf; f; hYfF; nkwF; g;gw[ k; t+;rp btrr; thiHkuk; t+r; p kdk; thodhYk; akk; ho- akk; ho- thiHkuk; thlyhnkh akk; ho- ak;kho- ghly; mzz; d; el;L itj;j bjdd; kg; psi; sfF; ePu; gha;rr; / njhgg; f[ F; tUk; vGe;j bgz;bzhUj;jp FHe;ijia ,Lg;gpypUe;J ,wff; p tpLfpwhs.; bjd;dkg; ps;isfF; NHy; ePqwW; fpwhs\"; FHe;ij mGfpwJ\" ghliyg; ghoathnw FHei; japd; mGifia epWjj; p ePqwW; jiyj; bjhlu;fpwhs.; ghly; ghly; vGe;j NHy; ghlwpnad; gogg; wpnad; ? ehd;jhd; gss; pf;Tlk; jhdwpnad; tugg; f[ Sf;F ,ilna epdW; taypy; ntiy bra;ak[ ; tptrhap xUtd; jdf;F Vlwpnad; vGj;jwpnad; ? ehdj; hd; fy;tpawpt[ ,yy; hj fhuzjj; pdhy; vGj;Jtif jhdwpnad;. jhd; gLk; Jd;gji; j vzz; p tUjj; jJ; ld; ghofb; fhzn; l goff; eyy; h bjup+;rpUe;jh ? ehd;jhd; jd; ntiyiar; bra;fpwhd;. g=f; hspa Vd; njLnwd; ,ay; 6 vGj ey;yh bjup+r; pUej; h ? ehdj; hd; vjpuhspa Vd; njLnwd; ehbyGj;Jg; gor;rpUe;jh ? ehdj; hd; ehY njrk; nghat; Untd.; ehY gff; k; tug;gf[ F; sn; s ? bjdKk; ehd; ghLnwd; bjk;kh=F; jhd.; kdpjDf;Fk; kyUf;Fkhd kzk; tPRk; ,e;j eat[iuiaj; bjhlu;f. tzL; fis <u;f;Fk; thridapy; g{f;fsplk; trg;gLtJ kdpju;fns- g{rr; piaf; ftUk; tz;z=f; spy; g{f;fsplk; tpGtJ kdpju;fns- mHiff; bfhzL; g{ ftUifapy; mgg; {ff; splk; gzptJ kdpjuf; ns- www.tnpscjob.com

264 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; 6 fl;Liu vGJf. c=f; s; gFjpapy; eilbgww; muRg; bghUlf; hlr; pfF; r; brdW; tej; epfHi; tf; flL; iuahfF; f. jiygg; [: muRg; bghUlf; hl;rp Fwpgg; [r; rll; k; KdD; iu EiHt[rr; Pl;L gy;Jiwf; fzf; hlr; p mu=;f=f; s; m=;fhofs; ,uhl;odk; gpw bghGJnghfF; mkr; =;fs; Kot[iu Kd;Diu: v=f; s; Cupy;/ muRg; bghUl;fhl;rp/ jpyfu; jplypy; eilbgww; J. muRg; bghUlf; hlr; pfF; r; brdW; te;njd.; m=;nf ehd; fz;L kfpH;ej; epfHt; f[ isf; Fwpj;J ,ff; lL; iu @yk; c=f; Sld; gfpue; ;J bfhss; tpUkg; f[ pnwd.; EiHt[rr; lP L; : bghUl;fhlr; p eilbgWk; ,lj;jpd; csn; s bry;y EiHtf[ ; fl;lzk; tNypf;fg;gll; J. gjJ; tajpw;Flg; l;ltu;fSfF; q.30k; gj;J tajpw;F nkw;gll; tuf; Sf;F q.50k; EiHtf[ ; fl;lzkhf tNypff; gg; ll; J. eh=;fs; EiHt[r; rPl;ilg; bgwW; f;bfhzL; csn; s brdn; whk;. gy;Jiwf; fzf; hl;rp mu=;f=f; s;: tdjJ; iw mu=;fj;jpd; cs;ns brdW; ghu;jj; nghJ tdj;ija[k; tdtpy=F; fisak[ ; ghJfhg;gJ vgg; o vdg; ij mwpeJ; bfhzn; ld.; fy;tpjJ; iw mu=f; jj; pd; cs;ns fyt; p nkkg; hlL; j; jpll; =;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tpapd; rpwgg; [ Fwpj;J gy;ntW braj; pfs; mr;rplg;glL; xl;oitff; g;glo; Uej; J. nghf;FtujJ; j; Jiwapdu; rhiy tpjpfisf; filgpogg; jhy; rhiy tpgjJ; f;fisj; jtpuf; f; yhk; vd;w tpHpgg; [zu;r;rp fUjJ; fisj; bjuptpj;jd. nkYk; rpy nghfF; tuj;Jf; FwpaPLfSff; hd tpsff; =;fSk; mspff; gg; ll; d. fhtyJ; iw/ bghJg;gzpj; Jiw/ kPd; tsjJ; iw/ ntshzJ; iw nghd;W gyn; tW Jiw rhue; j; mu=f; =f; spd; cs;ns brdW; mupa gy jfty;fis mwpeJ; bfhzn; ld;. m=f; hofs;: tPl;L cgnahfg; bghUl;fs/; tpisahl;Lg; bghUl;fs;/ my=f; hug; bghUlf; s; vdg; gyn; tW bghUlf; isa[k; xnu ,lj;jpy; th=f; pf; bfhs;Sk; mst[fF; gy;ntW m=f; hofs; ,Uej; d. njitahd rpy bghUlf; is kl;Lk; ehd; th=f; pf; bfhz;nld.; czt[ m=;fhof;Fr; brdW; bly;yp mgg; sk;/ kpsfha; g$;$p/ gdpfT; H; Kjypatwi; w th=f; p cz;nld;. ,uhlo; dk:; kaff; k; je;jhYk; kdij kafF; k; ,uhlo; d=;fisr; RHYk; Kiwia tpag;gl[ d; ghuj; n; jd.; ,uhlr; r ,uhlo; dk/; Ftis ,uhl;odk;/ ouhfd; ,uhlo; dk; vdg; gyn; tW ,uhlo; d=f; isf; fz;L kfpHe; n; jd;. gpw bghGJnghfF; mk;r=;fs:; ngat; PL/ ghjhsf; fpzW/ Kgg; upkhz jpiuau=f; k;/ kPd;fhlr; p rhiy/ gdptPL vdg; gy;ntW mu=;f=f; s; ,Ue;jd. ,gb; ghGJnghf;F mu=;f=f; Sf;Fj; jdpjj; dpna fl;lzk; tNypf;fgg; l;lJ. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 265 Koti[ u: gy kzp neukhf Rww; pg;ghu;jj; fisg;g[ xUg[wk; ,Uej; hYk; m=;nf Rw;wpgg; huj; j; kfpH;r;rp kpFjpa[ld; tPL jpUk;gpndd;. ``vz;zpyhf; fhl;rp vzz; bkyy; hk; khl;rp mJnt bghUlf; hlr; p~~ bkhHpnahL tpisahL gf;fk:; 152 bjhlupy; tpLgl;l tz;z=;fis c=;fspd; vz;z=;fshy; epug;gf[ . 1. thdk; fUf;fj; bjhl=f; paJ. kiHtUk; nghypUff; pwJ. 2. midtupd; ghuhlL; fshy/; btl;fj;jpy; ghlfupd; Kfk; rptej; J. 3. bts;is kdk; css; tiu mg;ghtp vdf; pnwhk;. 4. fz;Qf;Ff; FSikahf ,Uf;Fk; gr;ir gy[ ;btspfspy; fjputdpd; k+;rs; btapy; gutpf; fplff; pwJ. 5. btapypy; miyahnj\" cly; fUj;J tpLk.; bghUj;jkhdtw;iwr; brhw;bgl;oapy; fz;L vGJf. j=F; k/; kuk; tPL/ mtpGk;/ ja=;Fk;/ kutPL/ njhwg; hit/ tpUJ/ njhw;git/ ftpGk;/ tpUeJ; . 1. tpul;lhjPu;fs; ? gwitf;F kuk; tLP ,ay; 6 btl;lhjPuf; s; ? kdpjUfF; mit jUk; kutPL. 2. fhiy xspapdpy; kyupjH; mtpGk.; nrhiyg; g{tpdpy; tzo; dk; ftpGk.; 3. kiy Kfl;oy; nkfk; j=;Fk.; mijg; ghuf; ;Fk; kd=;fs; bry;yj; ja=;Fk.; 4. thH;f;ifapy; njhwg; it kPzL; k; btyY; k; ? ,ijj; jj;Jtkhaj; ; njhw;ghit TjJ; brhy;Yk.; 5. bjUf;Tj;jpy; eofUfF; f; ifjll; ny tpUJ. ? mjpy; tUk;fhR Fiwej; hYk; mJnt mtu; tpUeJ; . mfuhjpapy; fhz;f. jhy ; – jhyhlL; / jhY/ gpsi; sf; ftpaW[ gg; py; xd;W/ ehf;F. cGit – xUtpj kPd;/ g[yp/ Jkg; pyp mftj[ y ; – miHjj; y;/ Mly/; Tj;jhly; Ve;bjHpy ; – kpf;f mHF/ kpF tdg;g[ mzpik – rkPgk;/ mUF/ Elg; k;/ Ez;ik. www.tnpscjob.com

266 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw vGJf. MLnthk; MLnthk; nks jhsjn; jhL ghLnthk; gk;ig cLf;ifnahL tz;z Jzpairj;J tll; kha; MLnthk; tupiraha; MLnthk; vz;zf; fUjJ; fis vy;nyhUfF; k; TWnthk; Jdg; kpy;yh rKjhaj;ij Mll; jj; hy; MfF; nthk; brayj; pl;lk; gyn; tW epfHf; iyfspd; xspgg; l=f; isj; bjhFj;J tFgg; iwapy; fz;fhl;rp mikff; . (khztu; brayg; hL) epw;f mjw;Fj; jf ,ay; 6 murpd; bgh=f; y; tpHhtpy; rpw;W}u;f; fiyfisf; fhlr; pahf;fpapUff; pwhuf; s.; xUg[wk; jpiufl;oj; njhwg; hitf; TjJ; epfH;e;Jbfhz;oUff; pwJ. ,d;bdhUg[wk; bghk;kyhl;lk; Mofb; fhz;oUe;jdu.; rwW; elej; hy; jhiu jg;gl;il KH=;f xapyhl;lk; MoathW kz;zpd; kff; s;... ,ff; iyfis e=P ;fs; ezg; uf; Sld; ghuj; j; thWk; Ritj;jthWk; bry;fpwPu;fs;. ,f;fiyfisg; ghJfhf;ftk[ ; tsu;f;ftk[ ; nkd;nkYk; gutyhff; tk[ ; eP=f; s; bra;a tpUg;gdtw;iw tupirg;gLjJ; f. 1 gpwej; ehs; tpHhff; spy; kapyhl;lk; Kjyhd fiyfis epfHj; j; Kidntd.; 2 v=f; s; FLk;g tpHhf;fspy; bghkk; yhl;lk; epfHj; ;j Vwg; hL bran; td.; 3 jpUkz tpHhff; spy; bgha;ff; hy; Ml;lj;ij elj;Jntd;. 4 tpisahlL; tpHhff; spy; g[ypahll; k; elj;j Vwg; hL bran; td;. 5 nfhtpy; jpUtpHhff; spy; fufhll; k;/ fhtoahll; k; Kjypa fiyepfHr; ;rpfis elj;j Vw;ghL bran; td;. 6 tpLKiw fhy=f; spy; bjUfT; jJ; epfH;jJ; tjwF; Vw;ghL bra;ntd.; fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk; ŒŒ Aesthetics ? mHfpay;/ KUfpay; ŒŒ Terminology ? fiyrb; rhy; ŒŒ Artifacts ? fiyg; gilgg; f[ s; ŒŒ Myth ? bjhd;kk;  www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 267 ,ay; fiy thHt; pay; ,yff; pak; 6 jpUf;Fws; ? jpUts;Stu; fw;git fww; gpd; gf;fk;: 157 1. gJ[ ff; tpijiaak[ ; Fwisa[k; xg;gplL; g; ngRf. g[Jff; tpij jff; hspiaa[k; btz;ilf;fhiaak[ ; js;Stz;off; huu; juhrpy; epWfi; fapy/; js;sp epwF; k; gpsi; s mtrpakhff; nflF; k; Mapuk; qghia vg;gof; bfhLf;f vd;nw mtu; kdk; nahrpfF; k.; .. ``mjj; idf; fha;fisa[k; tpw;why;jhd; kPjp Ie;E}whtJ kp+R; k;\" vdd; bra;a...~~ fhaf; wp th=f; patu; ftdf; Fiwthff; bfhLj;j ,uz;lhapuk; qghiaf; Tgg; plL; j; jeJ; tpl;Lg; gps;isfF; cjt ahuplk; nflf; yhk;. vd;gij mLj;jgo nahrpf;Fk; mtu; kdk;- Fws; ,ay; 6 mUbshLk; mdb; ghLk; thuhg; bghUshf;fk; g[yy; hu; g[us tply; tpil: kww; tuf; splk; ,uf;fKk; mdg; k[ ; ,y;yhky; <lL; k; bghUis VwW; f; bfhs;shJ ePff; ptplntz;Lk; vd;w bfhsi; fiag; gpd;gww; pa jsS; tz;off; huu/; fha;fwp th=f; patu; ftdf; Fiwthff; bfhLj;j ,uz;lhapuk; qghiaj; jhd; itj;Jfb; fhss; hky; fhaf; wp th=f; patiu Tg;gpl;Lf; bfhLjJ; tpll; hu.; jdf;Fj; njit kpFjpaha; ,Ugg; pDk; jsS; tzo; f;fhuu; mwtHpapy; bryt; k; <lL; tijna tpUkg; [fpw xU eyy; gz;ghsu;. 2. Fwpg;gf[ s; czu;j;Jk; Fwspd; fUj;Jfs; FwpjJ; f; fyeJ; iuahLf. m) mtUf;F mwptk[ ; mjpfk\"; gogg; k[ ; mjpfk.; ahuhYk; mtUf;bfjpuhfr; brayg; l KoahJ. ghyh : mtUf;F mwpt[k; mjpfk;\" gogg; k[ ; mjpfk;. ahuhYk; mtUf;bfjpuhfr; brayg; l KoahJ. khyh : Fobrayt; if vDk; mjpfhuj;jpy; 1022 tJ Fwspy; tplhKawr; p/ rpwe;j mwpthww; y; cilatdpd; Fo cau;eJ; tps=;Fk.; www.tnpscjob.com

268 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; 6 M) vrr; upf;ifahf ,U. gHFgtuf; spy; ahu; ey;ytu/; ahu; bfll; tu; vd;W fz;Lgpogg; J fodk;. ghyh : vr;rupfi; fahf ,U. gHFgtu;fspy; ahu; eyy; tu;/ ahu; bfl;ltu; vd;W fzL; gpog;gJ fodk.; khyh : Tlhelg; [ vDk; mjpfhujj; py; 828?MtJ Fwspy; giftu; eki; k tz=f; p bjhGkn; ghJ ifapy; fjj; pia kiwjJ; itj;jpUgg; u;. ,) mtu; FLk;gk; Kdn; dwpapUgg; jwF; f; fhuzk; bjhlue; J; Kay;tJk; bjhHpypy; mtUff; pUej; mwptk[ .; ghyh : mtu; FLkg; k; Kd;ndwpapUg;gjw;Ff; fhuzk; bjhlu;e;J Kayt; Jk; bjhHpypy; mtUf;fpUej; mwpt[k.; khyh : Cf;fKilik vDk; mjpfhuj;jpy; 594?MtJ Fwspy; jsuhJ Cff; jn; jhL ciHgg; tdplk; bjhlue; ;J bryt; k; nrUk.; <) thH;f;ifapy; edw; hfg; bghUsPlL; . mJjhd; cd;idj; jhHt; hf epidj;jtu;fspd; thia milf;Fk.; ghyh : thHf; i; fapy; ed;whfg; bghUsPl;L. mJjhd; cdi; dj; jhH;thf epidj;jtuf; spd; thia milf;Fk;. khyh : bghUs; brayt; if vDk; mjpfhujj; py; 759?MtJ Fwspy; bghUs; ,y;yhiu vyy; hUk; ,fHt; u;. bghUs; css; tiu nghw;Wtu.; c) mff; kg; f;fjj; huplk; gHfhky; xJ=f; pna ,Ue;jhu;\" JizfF; k; ahUk; ,y;iy. ,gn; ghJ clkg; [ rupapy;yhjnghJ ahUkpd;wpj; jpzl; hLfpwhu;. ghyh : mf;fk;gf;fj;jhuplk; gHfhky; xJ=f; pna ,Ue;jhu;\" Jizf;Fk; ahUk; ,yi; y. ,gn; ghJ clkg; [ rupapyy; hjnghJ ahUkpd;wpj; jpz;lhLfpwhu;. khyh : mdg; i[ likvDk;mjpfhuj;jpy;80?MtJFwspy;gpwuplk;md;nghLthHg; td; capUld; Toa cly.; md;g[ ,y;yhjjhy; capuww; vYk;gf[ ;TlL; fF; r; rkk.; FWtpdh 1. fug;gpLki; g ,y;yhu; ? ,jb; jhlupd; bghUs; TWf. jkk; plKss; bghUis kiwjJ; itjj; y; vdD; k; Jd;gk; juhj ey;ytu.; 2. j+;rk; vspad; giff;F ? ,t;tofF; upa mirfisa[k; tha;ghLfisa[k; vGJf. rPu; mir thag; hL neu; neu; njkh j+; ' rk; epiu neu; g[spkh ne ' ne epiu neu; (epiug[) gpwgg; [ vsp ' au; ep ' ne giff; 'F ep ' ne www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 269 3. tWikapd; fhuzkhf cjtp nfl;L tUgtupd; jdk; hdj;ij vss; peifahLtJ FwpjJ; f; Fwspd; fUjJ; vd;d> ,fHe; ;J Vsdk; braa; hky; bghUs; bfhLgg; tiuf; fz;lhy; ,ugg; tupd; css; jj; pd; cs;ns kfpH;r;rp bgh=F; k.; 4. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Tuhd Ma[jk; vJ vdW; bre;ehg;nghjhu; TWfpwhu;> Vd; vdg; ij vGJf. bgupa fjj; p/ ,Ukg; [ <l;o/ ciHj;jjhy; fpiljj; Cjpak/; tpy;Yk; mkg; [k; ŒŒ Tuhd Ma[jk:; ciHjj; jhy; fpiljj; Cjpak.; ŒŒ fhuzk;: ,Jnt mtDila giftid btyY; k; Tuhd Maj[ k;. rpWtpdh 1. ts;Stk;/ rpwe;j mikr;rUf;Ff; Twpa ,yf;fz=f; s; ekfF; k; bghUeJ; tijf; Fws;tHp ,ay; 6 tpsf;Ff. fUtpak[ ; fhyKk; bra;ifak[ ; braa; [k; mUtpida[k; khzl; jikrR; . bjhHpy; brat; jw;Fj; njitahd fUtp/ mjwF; Vww; fhyk;/ braypd; jd;ik/ bra;a[k; Kiw Mfpatwi; w mwpe;J mupa bray;fisr; bra;jy; ntzL; k;. tdf; z; Fofhj;jy; fww; wpjy; Mst; pidnah ileJ; ld; khzl; jikr;R. kdtypik/ Fofisf; fhjj; y;/ Mlr; pKiwfisf; fw;wy/; E}yf; isf; fww; y/; tplhKawr; p Mfpa IeJ; k; rpwgg; hf mika ntz;Lk.; NH;rr; pfs:; kjpElg; k; E}nyh Lilahu;f; fjpEl;gk; aht[s Kde; pw; git. ,awi; fahd Ez;zwpt[/ E}ywpt[ ,twi; w cilatuf; s; Kd; ve;j NHr; r; pak[ ; epw;f ,ayhJ. eilKiwfis mwpjy:; braw;if mwpej; f; filjJ; k; cyfj; jpawi; f mwpe;J bray;. xU braiyr; bra;tjw;Fupa Kiwfis E}yt; Hpahf mwpe;jpUg;gpDk; cyfpay; eilKiwfis mwpe;J brayg; l ntz;Lk;. 2. gyuplk; cjtp bgwW; f; fod ciHgg; hy; Kdn; dwpa xUtu;/ mtUf;F cjtpa eyy; css; =;fisa[k; Rww; =f; isa[k; mUfpy; nruf; ;ftpyi; y. mtUf;F czu;jJ; k; nehf;fpy; ts;Stu; Fwpgg; pLk; fUjJ; fs; ahit> giftupd; typik: mdg; pyd; Mdw; Jizapyd; jhdJ; tt; hd; vdg; upa[k; Vjpyhd; Jgg; [. Rww; jj; huplk; xUtu; md;g[ ,yy; hkYk; bghUej; pa Jiz ,y;yhkYk; typik ,y;yhkYk; ,Uej; hy; mtuhy; giftupd; typikia vjpub; fhss; KoahJ. www.tnpscjob.com

270 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ giff;F Ml;gly;: m+;Rk; mwpahd; miktpyd; <fyhd; j+;rk; vspad; giffF; . kdjpy; Jzpt[ ,yy; hjtuha; mwpa ntz;oatw;iw mwpahjtuha; bghUeJ; k; gzg; [ ,yy; hjtuha;/ gpwUfF; f; bfhLjJ; cjthjtuha; ,Uej; hy; vspjpy; giffF; Mlg; l neUk.; TLjy; tpdhf;fs; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g.[ fUtpa[k; fhyKk; ? vzQ; k;ik mUtpid ? gzg; j[ ;bjhif td;fz; ? gz;g[j;bjhif tej; bghUs ; ? bgabur;rk; thuhgb; ghUshff; k; ? <Wbfll; vjpuk; iwg; bgabur;rk; braf; ? tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W esP t; pid ? tpidjb; jhif gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;. mwpej; ? mwp + j(; e;) + j; + m mwpahd ; ? mwp + a+; Md; mwp ? gFjp mwp ? gFjp j(; e); ? rej; p (e); MdJ tpfhuk; a ; ? clk;gLbkaa; hfpa re;jp j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy Md ; ? M z;ghy; tpidKwW; tpFjp m ? bgaburr; tpFjp ,ay; 6 brat; hd ; ? bra; + t+; Md; bra; ? gFjp t; ? vjpuf; hy ,ilepiy Md; ? M z;ghy; tpidKwW; tpFjp gyt[s; bjupf 1. bghUsy; ytiug; bghUshfr; bra;a[k; bghUsyy; jpy;iy bghUs; ? ,f;Fwspy; gapdW; tUk; mzp. m) ctikazp M) bghUs; gpdt; Uepiyazp ,) brhyg; pd;tUepiy mzp <) brhwb; ghUs; gpd; tUepiyazp [tpil: <) brhwb; ghUs; gpd; tUepiyazp] 2. Fd;nwwp ahidg;nghu; fz;lww; hy; jd;ifj;bjhd; Wz;lhfr; bra;thd; tpid ? ,fF; wspy; gapd;W tUk; mzp. m) ctikazp M) cUtf mzp ,) ntw;Wik mzp <) gpwpJ bkhHpjy; mzp [tpil: m) ctikazp] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 271 3. ,di; kapd; ,d;dhj jpahbjdpd; ,d;ikapd; ,di; kna ,dd; h jJ ? ,fF; wspy; gapdW; tUk; mzp. m) brhy;gpdt; Uepiyazp M) brhw;bghUs; gpdt; Uepiyazp ,) ctikazp <) cUtf mzp  [tpil: M) brhwb; ghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp] 4. kff; ns nghy;tu; fatu;\" mtud;d xgg; hup ahkf; zl; jpy.; ? ,fF; wspy; gapdW; tUk; mzp. m) ctik mzp M) cUtf mzp ,) ntwW; ik mzp <) gpwpJbkhHpjy; mzp [tpil: m) ctik mzp] 5. njtu; midau; fatu; mtUkj; hk; nktd bra;bjhG fyhd; ? ,f;Fwspy; gapd;W tUk; mzp. m) jw;Fwpgn; gw;w mzp M) t+r; g;gf[ Hr; r; p mzp ,) ctik mzp <) cUtf mzp [tpil: M) t+r; g;gf[ Hr; r; p mzp] 6. brhyy; g; gad;gLtu; rhd;nwhu\"; fUkg; [nghy; bfhyy; g; gad;gLk; fHP ; ? ,f;Fwspy; gapdW; tUk; mzp. m) ctikazp M) cUtf mzp ,) gpwpJbkhHpjy; mzp <) ntw;Wik mzp [tpil: m) ctikazp] 7. rpwe;j mikr;rUf;Fupa Fz eydf; s; __________. m) 4 M) 5 ,) 3 <) 6 [tpil: M) 5] 8. tplhKaw;rp/ rpwej; mwpthww; y; ,t;tpuzi; la[k; ,iltplhky; gpdg; wW; gtupd; Fo ________. m) cau;eJ; tps=F; k ; M) jhH;e;J epwF; k; ,) thog; nghFk ; <) fhzhky; eP=F; k; [tpil: m) caue; J; tps=;Fk]; FWtpdh ,ay; 6 1. vj;jifa mupa braiyr; bra;gtu; mikr;ru; Mthu>; bjhHpy; bra;tjwF; j; njitahd fUtp/ mjw;F Vw;w fhyk;/ braypd; jdi; k/ bra;a[k; Kiw Mfpatw;iw mwpe;J mupa braiyr; bra;gtu; mikr;ru; Mthu;. 2. mikr;rUfF; upa Ie;J rpwg;gf[ s; ahit> kdtypik/ Fofisf; fhjj; y;/ tplh Kawr; p/ Mlr; p Kiwfisf; fw;wy/; E}yf; isf; fww; y;. 3. vj;jifa mikr;ru;fSfF; Kd; NH;r;rpak[ ; epwf; ,ayhJ> ,awi; fahd Ezz; wpt[/ E}ywpt[ ,twi; wa[ila mikrr; u;fSfF; Kd; NH;rr; pfs; epw;f ,ayhJ. 4. Xu; mikr;rd; vtwi; w mwpe;J brayg; l ntzL; k>; xU braiyr; bra;tjw;Fupa Kiwfis E}y; tHpahf mwpej; pUg;gpDk; cyfpay; eilKiwfis mwpeJ; bray;gl ntz;Lk;. 5. mwj;ija[k; ,d;gj;ija[k; jUtJ vJ> KiwawpeJ; jPikaww; tHpapy; nru;ej; bghUs; xUtDf;F mwji; ja[k; jUk; ,d;gji; ja[k; jUk.; www.tnpscjob.com

272 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; 6 6. vj;jifag; bghUis Vwf; hky; ePff; ptpl ntzL; k;> kww; tuf; splk; ,uf;fKk; mdg; k[ ; ,yy; hky; <l;Lk; bghUis VwW; fb; fhs;shky; ePf;fptpl ntz;Lk;. 7. bghUsyy; tiug; bghUshfr; bra;tJ vJ> Vd;> ŒŒ xU bghUl;lhf kjpff; j;jfhjtiuak[ ; gpwu; kjpf;Fk;go brat; J bry;tk.; ŒŒ Vbddpy; mijtpl rpwej; bghUs; cyfpy; ntW vJt[k; ,yi; y. 8. xUtd; jd; ifgb; ghUisf; bfhzL; bra;ak[ ; bray; vjwF; ctikahff; Twg;gl;Lss; J> xUtd; jd; ifg;bghUisf; bfhzL; bra;ak[ ; brayhdJ/ Fdw; pd; nky; ghJfhg;ghf epd;W bfhzL; ahidg; nghiuf; fhz;gJ nghdw; J. 9. Tlh el;g[ FwpjJ; ts;Stu; TWk; braj; p ahJ> bfhiyf; fUtp: giftupd; bjhGJ epw;Fk; ifapd; cs;nsa[k; bfhiyf; fUtp kiweJ; ,UfF; k.; t+;rfk:; giftupd; mGj fz;zPu; cs;Sk; t+r; fk; kiwe;J ,UfF; k;. 10. ahuhy; giftupd; typikia vjpub; fhs;s KoahJ> ŒŒ Rww; j;jhuplk; md;g[ ,di; k ŒŒ bghUe;jpa Jiz ,d;ik ŒŒ typikapd;ik ,tw;iwai[ latd; giftupd; typikia vjpu;bfhs;s KoahJ. 11. xUtd; vspjpy; giff;F Ml;gl neupLtJ vgn; ghJ> ŒŒ kdjpy; Jzpt[ ,y;yhik ŒŒ mwpantzo; atw;iw mwpahik ŒŒ bghUe;Jk; gzg; [ ,y;yhik ŒŒ gpwUfF; f; bfhLjJ; cjthik nkw;fzl; bray;fis cilatu; vspjpy; giffF; Mlg; l neUk;. 12. xUtdJ Fo vg;nghJ rpweJ; tps=F; k;> tplhKawr; p/ rpwe;j mwpthw;wy; ,t;tpuz;ilak[ ; ,iltplhky; gpdg; wW; gtupd; Fo rpweJ; tps=F; k.; 13. cyfjj; hu; ahiu cwthff; bfhzL; nghw;Wthu>; Fw;wk; ,yy; hky; jd; Fogb; gUikia caur; braJ; thH;gtiu cyfjj; hu; cwthff; bfhz;L nghwW; tu.; 14. tWikapd; bfhLik KGtJk; bfLk; vg;nghJ> jkk; plKss; bghUis kiwj;J itj;jy; vd;Dk; Jdg; k; juhj eyy; hiuf; fz;lhy; tWikapd; bfhLik KGtJk; bfLk;. 15. ahUila css; j;jpy; kfpH;r;rpg; bgh=;Fk.; vg;nghJ> ,fHe; ;J Vsdk; bra;ahky; bghUs; bfhLg;gtiuf; fz;lhy; ,ugg; tupd; cs;sjj; py; kfpH;r;rp bgh=F; k;. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 273 16. kf;fs;/ fatu; Fwpj;J ts;Stu; Twpa braj; p ahJ> ,ay; 6 fatu; kf;fisg; nghynt ,Ugg; u/; fatu;f;Fk; kf;fSf;Fk; cs;s xg;g[ik `njhw;wk~; kl;Lnk ntbwe;j xg;gi[ kak[ ; fpilahJ. 17. njtu; fatu; FwpjJ; ts;Stu; TwpaJ ahJ> njtUk; fatUk; xnu jd;ikau;/ njtuf; isg; nghynt fatuf; Sk; jhk; tpUkg; [tdtwi; wr; bra;J thH;tu;. 18. rhd;nwhu; fatu; FwpjJ; ts;Stu; TWtJ ahJ> ŒŒ xUtu; jk; Fiwia brhy;tijf; nfll; tl[ d; cjtp brag; tu; rhdn; whu.; ŒŒ fUki; gg; gpHptJ nghy beUf;fpg; gpHpe;jhyj; hd; gadg; Lgtu; fatu;. 19. xU braiyr; brat; jwF; cyfpay; eilKiwfSk; mtrpak; vdg; ij typaW[ j;Jk; jpUfF; wis vGJf. braw;if mwpe;jf; filjJ; k; cyfj; jpaw;if mwpe;J bray;. 20. xU bghUshf kjpf;fjj; fhjtiua[k; kjpgg; i[ latuhfr; brat; J bry;tk; vd;gij vLjJ; iufF; k; jpUf;Fwis vGJf. bghUsy; ytiug; bghUshfr; bra;a[k; bghUsy;y jpyi; y bghUs;. 21. kiynky; epd;WbfhzL; ahidg; nghiuf; fhzg; jid ctikahff; Fwpg;gpLk; jpUfF; wis vGJf. Fdn; wwp ahidgn; ghu; fz;lw;why; jdi; fjb; jhd; Wz;lhfr; bra;thd; tpid. 22. Fw;wkw;Wf; Fog;bgUika[ld; thHg; tiu cyfj;jhu; nghw;Wtu; vdg; jwF; r; rhd;whf tps=;Fk; jpUf;Fwis vGJf. Fw;wk; ,ydhaf; ; Fobra;J thHt; hidr; Rww; khr; RwW; k; cyF. 23. tWikiag; nghdW; Jdg; k; jUtJ tWikna vdW; Fwpgg; pLk; Fwlg; htpid vGJf. ,d;ikapd; ,d;dhj jpahbjdpd; ,d;ikapd; ,di; kna ,d;dh jJ. rpWtpdh 1. `Forb; ray; tif vdD; k; mjpfhujj; py; Fo caut; [ Fwpj;J tsS; tu; TWk; fUjJ; ahJ> ,iltplhky; gpdg; wW; jy:; tplh Kaw;rp/ rpwe;j mwpthw;wy; ,tt; puz;ilak[ ; ,iltplhky; gpd;gw;Wgtupd; Fo caue; ;J tps=;Fk;. Fww; k; ,di; k: Fw;wk; ,yy; hky; jd; Fog;bgUikia caur; bra;J thH;gtiu cyfjj; hu; cwthff; bfhz;L nghw;Wtu.; www.tnpscjob.com

274 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; 6 2. `faik~ vdD; k; mjpfhujj; py; fatu; FwpjJ; tsS; tu; Fwpgg; pLk; braj; p ahJ> njhw;w xg;gi[ k: fatUf;Fk; kff; SfF; k; css; xgg; [ik njhw;wk; klL; nk. ntbwjpYk; xg;g[ik ,yi; y. njtUk; fatUk;: njtUk; fatUk; xnu jdi; kau;/ njtu;fisg; nghynt fatu;fSk; jPatwi; wr; braJ; xGFthuf; s; rhdn; whu;?fatu:; xUtu; jk; Fiwiar; brhyt; ijf; nfll; clndna cjtp bra;gtu; rhd;nwhu;. fUki; gg; gpHptJ nghy beUf;fpg; gpHpej; hyj; hd; gad;gLtu; fatu;. 3. bghUsy; ytiug; bghUshfr; braa; [k; bghUsyy; jpyi; y bghUs; ? ,g;ghlypy; gapd;W teJ; s;s mzpiaf; Twp tpsfF; f. ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapdW; te;Js;s mzp brhy; gpd;tUepiyazp. mzp ,yff; zk;: xU bra;as[ py; Kdd; u; tej; brhy; kPzL; k; kPz;Lk; teJ; bttn; tW bghUisj; jUtJ brhy; gpdt; Uepiyazp MFk.; tpsff; k:; ,fF; wl;ghtpy; bghUs; vdw; brhy; kPz;Lk; kPzL; k; te;J bghUlL; / bryt; k; Mfpa bttn; tW bghUisj; jUfpwJ. vdnt/ ,f;Fwlg; h brhy; gpdt; Uepiyazpf;Fr; rhd;whfpwJ. 4. Fdn; wwp ahidg;nghu; fzl; ww; hy; jd;ifj;bjhd; Wz;lhfr; bra;thd; tpid ? ,fF; wlg; htpy; gapdW; teJ; ss; mzpiaf; Twp tpsf;Ff. ,fF; wl;ghtpy; gapd;W teJ; ss; mzp ctik mzp. mzp ,yff; zk:; braa; [spy; ctik xU thff; pakhftk[ ;/ ctnkak; kw;bwhU thff; pakhft[k;/ ctk cUg[ btspgg; ilahf tUtJ ctik mzp MFk;. ctik : kiynky; ghJfhgg; hf epdW; ahidg; nghiuf; fhQjy.; ctnkak ; : jd; ifgb; ghUisf; bfhz;L bra;ak[ ; bray;. ctk cUg [ : mw;W (btspg;gil) bghUjj; k;: jd; ifgb; ghUisf; bfhzL; xUtu; xU braiyr; brat; J kiynky; ghJfhg;ghf epdW; bfhz;L ahidg; nghiuf; fhz;gJ nghdw; J MFk.; 5. ,d;ikapd; ,dd; hj jpahbjdpd; ,di; kapd; ,d;ikna ,d;dh jJ ? ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;WtUk; mzpiaf; Twp tpsf;Ff. ,f;Fwlg; htpy; gapd;W te;Js;s mzp brhw;bghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp. mzp ,yf;fzk;: xU bra;a[spy; Kdd; u; tej; brhy; kPzL; k; kPzL; k; te;J xnu bghUisj; jUtJ brhw;bghUs; gpdt; Uepiyazp MFk;. bghUs; tpsff; k:; ,f;Fwlg; htpy; ,d;ik vdw; brhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J tWik vdD; k; xnu bghUisj; jUfpwJ. vdnt/ ,f;Fwlg; h brhw;bghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp MapwW; . www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 275 6. njtu; midau; fatu; mtUk;jhk; nktd brab; jhGf yhd; ? ,f;Fwlg; htpy; gapd;Wte;Js;s mzpiar; Rl;o tpsfF; f. ,fF; wlg; htpy; gapd;W te;Jss; mzp t+;rg; g[fH;rr; p mzp. mzp ,yff; zk:; gHpgg; J nghyg; g[fHt; Jk; gf[ Ht; J nghyg; gHpgg; Jk; t+r; g;gf[ H;rr; p mzp MFk;. ,g;ghly; g[fHt; J nghyf; Twp gHpf;fgg; l;Ls;sJ. tpsff; k:; gf[ Hj; y; ? fatu; njtu;fSf;F xg;ghtu; gHpjj; y; ? fatu; jk; kdk; nghd nghf;fpy; jPa bray;fisr; brat; huf; s.; njtUk; fatUk; xU jd;ikau;. njtiug; nghy fatUk; jhk; tpUkg; paijr; brat; u; vdW; g[fH;tJ nghy gHpj;jyhy/; ,BJ t+r; gg; [fH;r;rp mzp MapwW; . 7. kf;fns nghyt; u; fatu;\" mtud;d xgg; hup ahk;fzl; jpy; ? ,gg; hlypy; gapd;W teJ; ss; mzpiaf; Twp tpsfF; f. ,fF; wlg; htpy; gapdW; teJ; ss; mzp ctik mzp MFk.; mzp ,yff; zk:; bra;a[spy; ctik xU thff; pakhft[k;/ ctnkak; kw;bwhU thff; pakht[k/; ctk cUg[ btspgg; ilahf tUtJ ctik mzp MFk;. ctik : fatu; kf;fisg; nghy; ,Ugg; u;. ctnkak ; : njhw;w xgg; [ikiaj; jtpu ntbwej; xg;g[ika[k; ,y;iy. ctk cUg [ : md;d (btspgg; il) tpsff; k; : fatu; kff; isg; nghynt ,Ugg; u;\" fatUf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fk; cs;s njhww; xgg; i[ kia ntbwjpYk; fhz;gjpy;iy. beLtpdh 1. bghUs; bray;tif vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; ts;Stu; TWk; tskhue; j; fUjJ; ff; isf; TWf. ,ay; 6 rpwe;j bghUs;: xU bghUll; hf kjpf;fj; jfhjtiua[k; kjpg;gi[ latuhfr; brat; J bryt; k.; bryt; j;ij myy; hky; rpwej; bghUs; cyfpy; ntW vJt[k; ,yi; y. mwk;/ ,d;gk:; KiwawpeJ; jPikaw;w tHpapy; xUtu; nruj; j; bry;tk; mtUf;F mwji; jak[ ; jUk;/ ,dg; ji; ja[k; jUk; efP ;fntzo; a bghUs;: kw;wtu;fsplk; ,uf;fKk; md;g[k; ,y;yhky; <lL; k; bghUis VwW; fb; fhss; hky; ePf;fptpl ntz;Lk.; jd; ifg;bghUs;: jd; ifg;bghUisf; bfhz;L xUtd; bra;ak[ ; brayhdJ/ Fdw; pdn; kny ghJfhg;ghf epdW; bfhzL; ahidg; nghiuf; fhz;gjwF; r; rkkhFk;. Tui; kahd Maj[ k:; bghUis <l;l ntzL; k;. giftiu btyY; k; Tu;ikahd Maj[ k; bghUisj; jtpu ntW xd;Wk; ,y;iy.  www.tnpscjob.com

276 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; ehL ciueil cyfk; 7 rpw;wfy; xsp ? k.bgh.rpt+hdk; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. `khytd; Fdw; k; nghdhbydd; > ntytd; Fdw; khtJ v=;fSfF; ntzL; k~; ?khytd; Fdw; Kk; ntytd; Fd;wKk; Fwpg;git Kiwna __________. m) jpUg;gjpak[ ; jpUjj; zpa[k ; M) jpUj;jzpak[ ; jpUg;gjpak[ ; ,) jpUg;gjpa[k; jpUr;bre;J}Uk ; <) jpUgg; u=;Fdw; Kk; gHdpak[ ;  [tpil: m) jpUg;gjpak[ ; jpUj;jzpak[ ]; 2. jkpHpdji; j xd;WgLj;Jk; ,yf;fpakhf k.bgh.rp. fUjpaJ __________. m) jpUf;Fws; M) gw[ ehD}W ,) fkg; uhkhazk; <) rpygg; jpfhuk ; [tpil: <) rpygg; jpfhuk]; ,ay; 7 FWtpdh 1. tWikapYk; gogg; pd; kPJ ehl;lk; bfhzl; tu; k.bgh.rp. vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;W jUf. ŒŒ k.bgh.rp. tWikapYk; E}y; th=;FtjwF; g; gzkpy;yhj epiyapy; giHa g[j;jf=f; s; th=;fp gog;ghu.; ŒŒ ,tu; tpUg;gkhd g[j;jf=;fisf; Fiwej; tpiyfF; th=F; k; tHf;fk; cs;stu.; ŒŒ ,tu; gy ntisfspy; gl;odp fple;J g[j;jfk; th=;fp Mde;jk; milthu;. ŒŒ brtp tHpahftk[ ; ,yf;fpa mwpitg; bgww; hu.; 2. bghUjj; khd ,l=f; spy; epWjj; w; FwpapLf. gH=f; hyjj; pny ghz;oad; Mzl; bgUikiaf; Twp/ nrhHd; Mzl; rpwg;igr; brhy;yp/ nrud; Mz;l khzg; pidf; fhl;o/ ek; mUikj; jkpH;ehL M=f; pnyaUfF; moikg;glo; Uej; rpWikiaa[k; epidt{l;o tpLjiyg; nghupy; <Lgl tUkhW jkpHuf; F; miHgg; [ tpLjj; pUe;njd.; ? k.bgh.rp. rpWtpdh 1. `jiyiaf; bfhLj;njDk; jiyefiuf; fhg;nghk;~ ? ,l+R; l;o bghUs; tpsf;Ff. ,lk;: `k.bgh.rp~apd; jd; tuyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; rpww; fy; xsp vdD; k; jiygg; py; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sd. bghUs;: Mej; pu khepyk; gpupak[ ;nghJ brdi; djhd; mjd; jiyefuhf ,Uff; ntz;Lk; vd;W Me;jpu khepyj; jiytu;fs; tpUkg; pdu.; mjid vjpu;j;J k.bgh.rp. Twpa Tw;W ,J. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 277 tpsff; k:; khefuj; je;ij br=;fy;tuhad; jiyikapy; xU Tl;lj;ijf; Tl;odu;. mg;bghGJ/ jkpH; khepyj;jpd; jiyefu; `brdi; d~ vdw; jPuk; hdji; j Kdb; khHpe;jdu;.Kdb; khHpeJ; `jiyiaf; bfhLj;njDk; jiyefiuf; fhg;nghk;~ vd;W k.bgh.rp KH=;fpdhu;. 25.03.1953,y; gpujku; neU/ brdi; d jkpHUfn; f vdw; cWjpbkhHpia/ ehlhSkdw; jj; py; eLtzurpd; rhug; py; btspapll; hu.; beLtpdh 1. ehl;L tpHhff; s; – tpLjiyg; nghuhll; tuyhW – ehlo; d; Kd;ndww; j;jpy; khztu; g=;F – ,ay; 7 Fwpgg; [fisf; bfhz;L xU gff; mstpy; `khztgg; UtKk; ehlL; gg; w;Wk~; vdw; jiygg; py; nkil ciu vGJf. `khztg; gUtKk; ehl;Lg;gw;Wk;~ mwpKft[iu: ŒŒ m dg; hue; j; mitnahnu- tzff; k;- khztg; gUtjj; pny ehk; ehlL; g;gwW; cilatuf; sha; ,Ujj; y; ntzL; k; vd;gijg; gww; p c=;fs; Kd; ngr teJ; s;nsd;. khztg;gUtKk; ehlL; gwW; k;: ŒŒ ~ehl;od; vjpu;fhyk; tFgg; iwfspy; jhd; totikf;fgg; LfpwJ~ vd;whu; neU. vdnt fyt; pnahL ehl;Lg;gw;iwak[ ; fz; vdg; nghw;wp tsu;ff; ntz;Lk;. ŒŒ Rjej; pujpdk;/FoauRjpdk;nghd;wehl;LtpHhff; isf;bfhzl; hLk;nghJek;Kdn; dhu;fs; rpe;jpa fz;zPiua[k/; bre;ePiua[k/; tpiykjpgg; py;yhj capiuak[ ; kdg;g{u;tkhf czue; J; brayg; lntz;Lk.; ŒŒ m fpki; r/ jPzl; hik tpyfF; / fju; tpwg; id/ btsi; sand btspnaW nghd;w tpLjiyg; nghuhl;l Kiwfis ehk; kwj;jy; TlhJ. ŒŒ brf;foapYk/; rpiwr;rhiyapYk; ek; tPuuf; s; gl;l Jdg; j;ij vzz; pg; ghu;jJ; / ehl;L tpHhff; isf; bfhz;lhLk; nghJ ehl;ilf; fhf;Fk; NSiu Vwg; tu;fshft[k;/ mjidr; bray;gLj;Jfpwtu;fshftk[ ; ehk; ,Uj;jy; ntzL; k;. ŒŒ khztg; gUtjj; py; ehl;L eygg; zpjj; pl;lk;/ njrpa khztu;gil Mfpatww; py; ,izeJ; ehl;Lgg; wi; wa[k;/ nrit kdg;ghdi; kiaa[k; ehk; tsu;jJ; f; bfhzl; hy; ehis ehk; ehli; lf; fhfF; k; eyn; yhuha/; gw;whsuha; khw Koa[k.; ŒŒ f y;tp/ bghUshjhuk;/ bjhHpy; bgUff; k; ,tw;wpy; ehk; mff; iw cilatuf; sha; ,Ugg; Jk; ehl;Lgg; w;nw. ŒŒ ek; ehl;od; cau;tf[ ;Fk; Kwn; ghf;F tsur; r; pf;Fk; Kl;Lff; l;ilahf ,Ugg; itfis Kwpaoj;J fy;tp/ mwptpay/; bjhHpy;El;gk; nghdw; Jiwfspy; ftdk; brYj;jy; ntz;Lk.; ŒŒ brhej; eyd; fUjp brhej; ehl;ilna rPuHpfF; k; fatu; nghy; ,yy; hky; ,Ujj; y; ntzL; k;. epiwti[ u: ŒŒ ehL ekfF; vdd; bra;jJ vdg; ij epidff; hky; ehl;ow;fhf ehk; ey;y brayf; s; bran; thk; vdf; Twp vd; ciuia epiwt[ braf; pnwd;. www.tnpscjob.com

278 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. k.bgh.rp.f;F bgwn; whu; ,l;l bgau; __________. m) rpt+hdk; M) +hdgg; pufhrk; ,) gpufhrk ; <) bghd;Drhkp [tpil: M) +hdg;gpufhrk]; 2. rpt+hdp vdw; bganu __________ vd epiyj;jJ. m) rpt+hdk; M) rptgg; pufhrk; ,) +hdgg; pufhrk; <) gpufhrk ; [tpil: m) rpt+hdk]; 3. k.bgh.rpapd; ,aw;bgaiu khww; pa Kjpatu; __________. m) bghd;Drhkp M) rutzd; ,) ruigau; <) rpt+hdp [tpil: ,) ruigau]; 4. fhej; paofs; `rjj; pahfpufk;~ vdD; k; mwg;nghu; Kiwiaj; bjhl=f; pa Mz;L __________. m) 1806 M) 1906 ,) 1916 ; <) 1919 [tpil: M) 1906] 5. xUtd; mwpt[ tpsf;fk; bgWtjwf; hd ,uz;L tHpfs; __________. m) fyt; p/ nfst; p M) fy;tp/ Xtpak; ,) fiy/ gz;ghL <) fiy/ nkilgn; gr;R [tpil: ,) fiy/ gz;ghL] 6. `,e;jpahit tplL; btspnaW~ vd;w juP k; hdj;ij ,e;jpag; nguhaf; fl;rp epiwntw;wpa ehs; __________. m) 1942 $dtup 8 M) 1939 Mf!;L 8 ,) 1942 Mf!;L 8 <) 1947 Mf!;L 18 [tpil : ,) 1942 Mf!L; 8] ,ay; 7 7. gry; myp Mizak; eLtz; muRfF; j; je;j gupeJ; iu btspahd ehs; __________. m) 1955 mf;nlhgu; 10 M) 1957 Mf!L; 10 ,) 1957 Mf!L; 10 <) 1949 mfn; lhgu; 15 [tpil : m) 1955 mf;nlhgu; 10] 8. M!o; upah ehl;od; jiyefu; __________. m) ,yz;ld; M) blym; tpt; ,) tpadd; h <) rpld; p [tpil: ,) tpad;dh] 9. `rpww; fy; xsp~ ,lk; bgw;w E}y; __________. m) vdJ nghuhll; k; M) vd; gazk; ,) vd; tpUg;gk; <) vd; ghij [tpil: m) vdJ nghuhll; k]; 10. k.bgh.rpt+hdj;jpd; rpwgg; [g; bgau; __________. m) brhy;ypd; bry;tu ; M) ehtyu; ,) rpykg; r[ ; bry;tu ; <) rpyk;g[ mwp+u ; [tpil: ,) rpykg; r[ ; bryt; u]; 11. rhfpjj; pa mfhbjkp tpUJ bgww; k.bgh.rpapd; E}y; __________. m) tss; yhu; fzl; xUikg;ghL M) kDKiw fzl; thrfk; ,) vdJ nghuhll; k ; <) thdk; trgg; Lk;  [tpil: m) ts;syhu; fzl; xUikgg; hL] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 279 12. k.bgh.rp rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp tpUJ bgww; Mz;L __________. m) 1956 M) 1966 ,) 1976 <) 1986 [tpil: M) 1966] 13. khu;&y; V. nerkzpf;Fr; rpiynahL kzp kz;lgKk; mike;Jss; Cu; __________. m) fd;dpahFkup M) J}j;Jf;Fo ,) bey;iy <) ehfu;nfhtpy ; [tpil: <) ehfun; fhtpy]; 14. k.bgh.rpt+hdk; thH;e;j fhyk; __________. m) 1906?1955 M) 1906?1995 ,) 1906 ?1966 <) 1906?1998 [tpil: M) 1906?1995] 15. k.bgh.rp. rpiy mikeJ; s;s ,l=f; s; __________. m) jpUj;jzp/ jpahfuhaefu ; M) jpUjj; zp/ jpUbey;ntyp ,) jpUj;jzp/ fdd; pahFkup <) jpUj;jzp/ jpUg;gjp  [tpil: m) jpUj;jzp/ jpahfuhaefu]; 16. ,ej; pa tpLjiyg; nghuhl;l tuyhww; py; kpft[k; rpwgg; [ila Mz;L __________. m) 1906 M) 1908 ,) 1947 <) 1946 [tpil: m) 1906] 17. kh.bgh.rp gpwe;j brd;id tl;lk; __________. m) Mapuk; tpsf;F M) rhy;td; Fgg; k; ,) jpUtyy; pf;nfzp <) nrg;ghf;fk; [tpil: m) Mapuk; tpsfF; ] 18. kh.bgh.rp gpwe;j brdi; dg; gFjp __________. m) Mapuk; tpsfF; M) rhyt; d; Fg;gk; ,) jpUtyy; pf;nfzp <) nrg;ghff; k ; [tpil: M) rhy;td; Fg;gk]; 19. kh.bgh.rp gs;spapy; gofF; k; nghJ Mrpupau; fzo; ff; fhuzk; __________. ,ay; 7 m) jhkjkhf tej; J M) ghlg; gj[ j; fk; bfhzL; tuhik ,) goff; hik <) tPlL; g; ghlk; vGjhik  [tpil: M) ghlg; g[jj; fk; bfhzL; tuhik] 20. kh.bgh.rpapd; gss; p thH;f;if Kot[ww; tFgg; [ __________. m) Iej; hk; tFgg; [ M) @dw; hk; tFgg; [ ,) Mwhk; tFg;g[ <) ,uz;lhk; tFgg; [ [tpil: M) @dw; hk; tFgg; ][ 21. kh.bgh.rpf;F ,sikapnyna ghff; isg; gapw;Wtpj;jtu; __________. m) md;id M) jpUg;ghjpupg;g[ypa{u; +hdpahuofs; ,) k=f; y=;fpHhu; <) khur; y; V.nerkzp [tpil: m) mdi; d] 22. kh.bgh.rp mwpt[ tpsff; k; bgw vLjJ; fb; fhzl; tHp __________. m) fy;tp M) nfst; p ,) fl;Liu <) rpWfij [tpil: M) nfs;tp] 23. kh.bgh.rpf;Ff; nfs;tp +hdk; bgUf;fpatu; __________. m) mdi; d M) jpUg;ghjpupg;g[ypa{u; +hdpahuofs; ,) k=f; y=f; pHhu; <) khur; y; V.nerkzp  [tpil: M) jpUg;ghjpupgg; y[ pa{u; +hdpahuofs]; www.tnpscjob.com

280 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 24. tlfb; fy;iyj; jkpHu;fis xU=;fpizj;Jj; jkpGzut; [ bfhs;sr; braj; tu; __________. m) mdi; d M) jpUg;ghjpupg;gy[ pa{u; +hdpahuofs; ,) k=f; y=;fpHhu ; <) khur; y; V.nerkzp [tpil: ,) k=;fy=f; pHhu]; 25. ,sk; tajpnyna r@f tpLjiyff; hfg; nghuhoa tHff; wp+u; __________. m) md;id M) jpUgg; hjpupgg; y[ pa{u; +hdpahuofs; ,) k=;fy=;fpHhu; <) khur; y; V.nerkzp [tpil: <) khu;ry; V.nerkzp] 26. ehfu;nfhtpy; efuk; dw; j;jiytu;/ rll; kd;w cWgg; pdu;/ ehlhSkdw; cWgg; pdu; Mfpa bghWgg; [fis tfpjj; tu; __________. m) md;id M) jpUgg; hjpupgg; y[ pa{u; +hdpahuofs; ,) k=f; y=f; pHhu ; <) khur; y; V.nerkzp [tpil: <) khur; y; V.nerkzp] 27. Fkupkhtll; g; nghuhll; ji; j Kdb; dLjJ; r; brd;wtu; __________. m) md;id M) jpUg;ghjpupg;gy[ pa{u; +hdpahuofs; ,) k=;fy=f; pHhu ; <) khur; y; V.nerkzp [tpil: <) khur; y; V.nerkzp] 28. `jiyiaf; bfhLj;jhtJ jiyefiuf; fhg;nghk~; vd;W KH=;fpatu; __________. m) kh.bgh.rp M) br=f; y;tuhad; ,) k=f; y=;fpHhu; <) khu;ry; V.nerkzp [tpil: m) kh.bgh.rp] 29. rpykg; [r; bry;tu; vd;W nghw;wgg; Lgtu; __________. m) kh.bgh.rp M) br=f; yt; uhad; ,) k=;fy=;fpHhu; <) khur; y; V.nerkzp [tpil: m) kh.bgh.rp] 30. kh.bgh.rpt+hdjj; pd; `vdJ nghuhl;l E}y;~ xU __________ E}y;. m) jd;tuyhW M) ftpij ,) rpWfij <) g[jpdk ; [tpil: m) jdt; uyhW] ,ay; 7 31. jkpHuRf; fHfj;ijj; bjhl=f; ;patu; __________. m) kh.bgh.rp M) br=f; y;tuhad; ,) k=f; y=;fpHhu ; <) khur; y; V.nerkzp [tpil: m) kh.bgh.rp] 32. bghUj;Jf. 1. jpUg;ghjpupg;gy[ pa{u; +hdpahuofs; ? m) tlf;bfyi; yjj; kpH; kf;fis xU=;fpizjj; jkpHhrhd; 2. k=;fy=f; pHhu; ? M) kh.bgh.rpfF; f; nfst; p +hdk; bgUf;fpatu; 3. khur; y; V.nerkzp ? ,) kh.bgh.rpt+hdk; 4. rpyk;gr[ ; bry;tu; ? <) Fkupkhtll; g; nghuhl;lji; j Kd;bdLj;Jr; brdw; tu; m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M ) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4., ,) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.< <) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.< [tpil: m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4.,] 33. bghUj;Jf. 1. +hdpahuofs; ? m) jkpHhrhd; 2. k=f; y=f; pHhu; ? M) tHf;fwp+u; 3. khu;ry; V.nerkzp ? ,) Kjy;tu; 4. ,uh$h$p ? <) jpUgg; hjpupg;g[ypa{u; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 281 m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4., [tpil: M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4.,] ,) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.< <) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.< 34. bghUjJ; f. 1. th+;R ? m) khefuj; jei; j 2. br=;fy;tuhad ; ? M) ePjpgjp 3. njtrfhak/; bry;iyah ? ,) bkhHpthup Mizaj; jiyik 4. ruj; hu; nf.vk;.gzpf;fu; ? <) jkpHuRf; fHfj; njhHu;fs; m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4., [tpil: ,) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.<] ,) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.< <) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.< FWtpdh 1. 1906 Mk; Mzo; d; rpwgg; [fs; ahit> ,ay; 7 ŒŒ k.bgh.rp. brdi; d Mapuk; tpsf;F rhy;td; Fg;gjj; py; 1906,y; gpwe;jhu;. ŒŒ fhe;jpaofs; `rj;jpahfpuf~ mwgn; ghu; bjdd; hg;gpupff; htpy; bjhl=;fpa MzL; . ŒŒ M=f; pnyauf; Sf;F vjpuhfr; Rnjrpf; fgg; y; epWtdji; jj; bjhl=;fpdhu; t.c.rp. 2. k.bgh.rpf;F mtuJ md;idahu; gapwW; tpj;j ghf;fs; ahit> my;yp murhzp khiy/ gtsf;bfho khiy Mfpa mkk; hidg; ghly;fisg; gapw;Wtpj;jhu.; 3. tpLjiyg; nghupy; <Lgl jkpHu;fF; k.bgh.rp vtt; hW miHgg; [ tpLj;jhu>; ŒŒ 30.09.1932y; `jkpHh Jss; p vG~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gi[ la Jz;lwpfi; fia kf;fspilna tH=f; pdhu;. ŒŒ gH=f; hyjj; pny ghz;oad; Mzl; bgUik/ nrhHd; Mzl; rpwgg; [/ nrud; Mzl; khz;gpidf; fhl;o/ ek;ehL/ M=;fpnyauf; F; moikgg; l;oUej; rpWikiaa[k; epidt{l;o/ tpLjiyg; nghupy; <Lgl tUkhW jkpHuf; ;F miHgg; [ tpLj;jhu;. 4. k.bgh.rp. rpyg;gjpfhuf; fhg;gpaj;ij kff; splk; bfhz;L bry;y tpUkg; paf; fhuzk; vd;d> rpygg; jpfhuk; jkpHpdjj; pd; bghJrb; rhj;J. ,e;jpa njrpa xUikgg; hl;ilak[ /; jkpH; ,dj;ij xd;WgLjJ; k; Kawr; pf;F cz;lhd bra;jpfs; midj;Jk; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; fhzg;gl;ljhy; kf;fspilna rpygg; jpfhuj;ijf; bfhz;L brd;whu;. 5. k.bgh.rp tfpj;j gjtpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. ŒŒ 1952 Kjy; 1954 tiu rll; kd;w nkyit cWgg; pdu;. ŒŒ 1 972 Kjy; 1978 tiu rll; kd;w nkyitj; jiytu; ? nghdw; gjtpfis tfpj;Js;shu.; 6. k.bgh.rp thHe; hs; kfpH;rr; pahf vjidf; Fwpgg; pLfpwhu;> ŒŒ g w[ ehD}w;wpYk/; rpygg; jpfhujj; pYk; jkpHfj;jpd; tl vyi; y nt=f; l kiyahftk[ ;/ bjd; vyi; y FkupKidahft[k; cs;sJ. ŒŒ ,jidg; goj;jnghJ k.bgh.rp kfpHe; ;J/ `kiya[k; flYk; xU ehl;od; ,aw;if vy;iyfshf miktJ jtgg; ad;. ,jb; jat; Pf vy;iyia/ jkpHfk; jpUkg; g; bgw;wnj jd; thHe; hs; kfpHr; ;rp~ vdW; Fwpgg; pLfpwhu.; 7. tpLjiyg; nghupy; <Lgll; Kdd; zpj; jiytu;fshf kh.bgh.rp. Fwpg;gpLnthu; ahtu;> fhkuhru/; jPuu; rjj; pa@uj; j; p/ gpufhrk;. www.tnpscjob.com

282 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 8. +hdgg; pufhrk; vdw; ,aw;bgau; bgw;w jkpHwp+u; ahu;> mtupd; bgw;nwhu; ahtu;> ŒŒ +hdgg; pufhrk; vd;w ,awb; gau; bgww; jkpHwp+u; kh.bgh.rpt+hdk.; ŒŒ mtupd; bgw;nwhu; : bghdD; rhkp ? rptfhkp 9. kh.bgh.rpfF; r; rpt+hdk; vdD; k; bgau; mikaf; fhuzk; ahJ> ŒŒ kh.bgh.rpf;Fg; bgw;nwhu; ,l;lbgau; : +hdgg; pufhrk; ŒŒ r uigau; vd;w Kjpatu; xUtu; `+hdgg; pufhrk;~ vd;w ,awb; gaiu khw;wp `rpt+hdp~ vd;W miHjj; hu;. ŒŒ rpt+hdp vd;w bgau; jpUjj; j;Jld; rpt+hdk; vdW; epiybgww; J. 10. mwpt[ tpsff; k; bgw kh.bgh.rpt+hdk; njue; ;bjLj;j tHp ahJ> ŒŒ mwpt[ tpsf;fk; bgWtjw;F ,U tHpfs; css; d. xd;W fyt; p/ kw;bwhdW; nfs;tp. ŒŒ Vl;Lf; fyt; p epd;W nghdjhy; kh.bgh.rpt+hdk; nju;eb; jLj;j tHp nfst; pahFk;. 11. bghdb; dGj;Jfshy; bghwpff; j; jff; g[dpj ehs; vJ/ Vd>; ŒŒ 1942 Mf!L; 8. ŒŒ ,e;jpahit tpl;L btsi; sand btspnaW jPuk; hdj;ij epiwntw;wpa ehs;. 12. brdi; d khepyj;jpypUeJ; nfushtl[ d; ,ize;j khtll; k; vJ> brd;id khepyjj; pypUeJ; nfushtl[ d; ,ize;j khtll; k:; kyghu; 13. nfushtpypUe;J brd;id khepyjj; pwF; ,ize;j gFjpfs; ahit> fyF; sk/; tpst=n; fhL/ njhthis/ mfj;jPRtuk;/ br=n; fhl;il. rpWtpdh ,ay; 7 1. `brd;idia kPl;nghk~; ? vdW; k.bgh.rp. Fwpg;gpLtJ gww; p vGJf. ŒŒ Me;jpu khepyk; gpupa[k; nghJ brd;id mjd; jiyefuhf ,Uff; ntz;Lk; vd;W rpy Mej; puj; jiytu;fs; fUjpdu;. ŒŒ jiyefu; fhff; jd; Kjyikr;ru; gjtpiaj; Jwff; t[k; ,uh$h$p Kdt; e;jhu.; ŒŒ k hefuj; je;ij br=f; yt; uhad; jiyikapy; Tl;lk; xd;W Tl;lgg; l;L brdi; d gw;wpa jPuk; hdk; Kd;bkhHpag;gl;lJ. ŒŒ jiyiaf; bfhLj;njDk; jiyefiuf; fhgn; ghk; vd;W KH=f; pa jd; tpisthf 25.08.1953 mdW; brd;id jkpHUf;nf vd;gJ cWjpahdJ vdW; `brd;idia kPln; ghk~; vd;W brdi; dia kPl;lJ Fwpj;J k.bgh.rp Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. 2. khu;&y; V. nerkzp ? Fwpgg; [ tiuf. ŒŒ ,sk; tajpy; r@f tpLjiyf;fhfg; nghuhoatu;. ŒŒ e hfu;nfhtpy; efu; kdw; j; jiytu;/ ghuhSkd;w cWgg; pdu;/ rll; kdw; cWg;gpdu; Mfpa gjtpfis tfpjj; tu;. ŒŒ Fkup khtll; nghuhll; j;ij Kdb; dLjJ; r; brdw; jhy; `khu;&y;~ vdW; miHff; g;gll; hu;. ŒŒ 1956 etkg; u; 1?,y; fdd; pahFkup khtl;lk; jkpHe; hl;Lld; ,izeJ; jkpHf bjd; vyi; yahf khwf; fhuzkhdtu;. ŒŒ jkpHf muR ,tu; epidthf ehfun; fhtpypy; rpiynahL kzp kz;lgKk; mikjJ; ss; J. 3. gz;ila `fly; flej; jkpH; tzpfk;~ FwpjJ; vGJf. ŒŒ M!o; upah ehlL; j; jiyefuhd tpadd; htpy; css; mU=f; hl;rpafj;jpy; `nggpu!;jhspy~; vGjgg; ll; ifbaGjJ; Rto fz;L gpoff; gg; l;lJ. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 283 ŒŒ mr;Rtoapy; nruu; JiwKfkhd Krpwpapy; thHe; j; jkpH; tzpfUfF; k;/ vfpg;jpd; `mbyf;!hz;oupah~ JiwKfjj; py; thH;e;j fpnuff; tzpfUfF; k; ,ilapy; Vw;gll; tzpf xgg; ej; k; gww; pa Fwpgg; f[ s; cs;sd. ŒŒ ,J fp.gp. 2k; E}w;whzo; d; ,ilg;gFjpapny Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhss; g;gl;ljhFk.; ŒŒ , jpypUeJ; gzi; lj; jkpHu; fly; flej; tzpfj;jpy; rpwe;jpUej; du; vd;gij mwpayhk.; 4. kh.bgh.rpt+hdk; Fwpg;g[ tiuf bgau; : kh.bgh.rpt+hdk; bgw;nwhu; ,ll; bgau; : +hdg;gpufhrk; bgwn; whu; : bghd;Drr; hkp ? rptfhkp bgau; khww; k; : ruigau; vdw; Kjpatu; ,tiur; `rpt+hdp~ vd;nw miHj;jhu;. mJnt rpwpJ jpUjj; jJ; ld; rpt+hdk; vd;whdJ. rpwg;g[ : rpyg;gjpfhujj; pd; bgUikia cyfwpar; braj; jhy; `rpykg; [r;bryt; u;~ vdW; nghww; gg; Lfpdw; hu;. gilg;g[fs; : vdJ nghuhll; k;/ tss; yhu; fzl; xUikg;ghL Kjypad. gzp : rpwe;j tpLjiyg;nghuhll; tPuu/; 1952 Kjy;1954 tiu rl;lkd;w nkyit cWgg; pdu/; 1972 Kjy; 1978 tiu rll; kd;w nkyitj; jiytu.; tpUJ : 1966y; `tss; yhu; fzl; xUikg;ghL~ vd;w E}YfF; r; rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp tpUJ. muR : jkpHf muR jpUj;jzp kwW; k; brd;id jpahfuhaefupYk; ,tUf;Fr; rpiy mikj;Jss; J. 5. rpyg;gjpfhuk; FwpjJ; rpyk;g[r; bryt; u; kh.bgh.rpt+hdk; TWtJ ahJ> ,ay; 7 ŒŒ ehd; rpygg; jpfhuf; fhg;gpaji; j kff; splk; bfhz;L bryy; tpUk;gpajwF; f; fhuzk; czL; . ŒŒ jpUf;Fwisnah / fk;guhkhazji; jnah tpUk;ghjtd; myy; d.; ŒŒ MapDk; ,ej; pa njrpa xUikgg; hl;ow;Ff; nfoy;yhj tifapy/; jkpHpdj;ij xd;WgLjj; f; Toa Xu; ,yff; pak; jkpHpy; czL; vd;why; / mJ rpygg; jpfhuji; jj; jtpu ntW ,yi; y vd;W cWjpahff; TWntd.; ŒŒ , s=;nfh je;j rpyk;g/[ jkpHpdjj; pd; bghJr;brhjJ; . vdntjhd; jkpHfj;jpd; glo; bjhl;o v=F; k; rpyg;gjpfhu khehLfs; elj;jpndhk;. vd;W rpygg; jpfhuk; Fwpj;J rpyk;gr[ ; bry;tu; kh.bgh.rpt+hdk; Twpdhu;. 6. rpyk;gr[ ; bry;tu; kh.bgh.rpt+hdk; `gj[ j; fgg; pjj; d;~ vd;gij epWt[f. ŒŒ E }y; th=F; tjwF; g; nghjpa gzk; ,yy; hj Fiwiag; nghf;f giHa g[j;jf=f; s; tpwF; k; filf;Fr; brd;W/ tpUgg; khd g[jj; f=f; is/ kpffF; iwej; tpiyf;F th=;Ftij tHff; khff; bfhz;L ,Uej; hu; kh.bgh.rpt+hdk; . ŒŒ cztf[ ;fhf itjj; pUe;j gzjj; py; g[j;jfk; th=;fp/ gy ntisfspy; glo; dpfple;jhu.; ŒŒ Fiwe;j tpiyf;F eyy; E}y; xdW; fpilj;jhy; nguhdej; k; milthu;. ŒŒ ,tu; jd;Dila thHe; hspy; nruj; ;J itjJ; s;s brhj;Jfs; gyy; hapuf; fzff; hd E}yf; isj; jtpu ntwpy;iy vd;fpwhu.; ,jd; @yk; rpyk;g[r; bryt; u; kh.bgh.rpt+hdk/; `g[jj; fgg; pj;jd;~ vdg; ij mwpayhk;. www.tnpscjob.com

284 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ fwg; it fww; gpd; gff; k:; 164 ,ay; 7 1. vtnuDk; Xu; mwp+u; thH;tpy; ele;j epfH;t[fspy; c=f; isf; ftue; ;j xdi; w mtnu brhyt; ijg; nghd;W jd; tuyhwhf khw;wp vGJf. nguwp+u; mz;zh thHt; py; epfHe; j; ijf; TWjy.; mz;zhthfpa ehd/; vdi; dg; bghWjj; tiu/ rpej; pgg; Jk/; gog;gJk; vd; thHt; pd; xU gFjpahFk.; fy;Y}up goj;Jf; bfhz;oUej; bghGJ/ ehd; M=f; py flL; iu xd;W vGjpndd;. mjidg; gojJ; g; ghu;j;j vd; nguhrpupau/; `bghUl; brwpt[lDk;/ eaKlDk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,ij v=;fpUeJ; vLjj; ha;~ vd;whu;. `ehd; ,=f; pUeJ; vLjn; jd;~ vd;W vd; be+;irj; bjhlL; f; fhl;ondd.; nguhrpupau; tpag;gl[ Dk;/ kfpH;t[lDk; vdi; df; fl;oaizj;Jf; bfhzl; hu.; bgupahUld; ehd; ,ize;J gzpahw;wpndd.; mgn; ghJ ,UtUk; xdw; hf gy Cu;fSfF; r; bryn; thk.; tlehlL; g; gaz=;fspy; bgupahupd; jkpH;g;ngri; r ehnd M=f; pyj;jpy; bkhHp bgau;gn; gd.; vd; mHfhd M=;fpyjj; hy; ftug;gll; kf;fs; midtUk; vd;idna ngRkg; o twg; W[ jJ; tu;. Mdhy; ehd; eakhf mtt; ypaW[ jj; iy kWj;JtpLntd;. vtt; st[jhd; g[yik jpwik ,Ue;jhYk/; xUtUila ngri; r bkhHpbgauf; ;f te;jij tplL; jdpai[ u epfHj; ;j Kwg; LtJ/ fzz; pakww; bray; my;yth- mjid ehd; braa; yhkh> fzz; pak; jtwf; Tlhjdn; wh. 2. eP=f; s; goj;Jr; Ritj;j tuyhw;Wf; fijfs; gw;wp tFg;giwapy; ciu epfH;j;Jf. khztuf; ns- rkPgj;jpy; ehd; gojJ; r; Ritj;j tuyhwW; f; fij `rptfhkpapd; rgjk~; MFk;. ,J xU tuyhw;Wg; gj[ pdk.; ,jid vGjpatu; mkuu; fyf; p Mthu;. 12 tUl=f; shf thuen; jhWk; `fyf; p~ thu ,jHpy; bjhlu;fijahf btsptej; ,ff; ij gpdn; g E}y; totk; bgww; J. Kjyhk; knfej; putu;k gy;ytd; murhz;l fhyjj; py; eilbgw;w tuyhw;Wr; rk;gt=;fisg; gadg; Lj;jp/ vGjg;gll; g[jpdk; MFk.; Kjyhk; eurpkk; gy;ytd; ,gg; [jpdjj; py; Kff; pa ,lk; bgWfpwhu;. gu+n; rhjpahj;jpiu/ fh+r; p KwW; if/ gl;Rtpd; fhjy/; rpije;j fdt[ vd ehdF; ghf=f; isf; bfhzl; J. thjhgpapd; kPJ gy;ytu; nghu; bjhLj;jJ/ fh+r; papd; nghu;r; NHy;/ rhSff; pa ehlo; d; tuyhW Mfpait Ritgl vLjj; pakg; g;glL; s;sJ. rkzu;fshy; fh+r; pahy; Vw;gll; kjkhw;wk; FwpjJ; k; TWfpwJ. nguHfpahd rptfhkpiaa[k;/ mts; je;ij MadhUk; kjk; bfhzl; ahidapd; gpoapypUeJ; kPlf; gg; ll; bra;jpak[ ; eakg; l etpyg;glL; ss; J. @ypif Xtpa=;fs;/ m$e;jh Fiffspy; css; tz;z Xtpa=;fs; FwpjJ; k; ,gg; j[ pdjj; py; tuz; pf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kdk; btJkg; pa rptfhkp rPww; k; bfhzL; `jd; fhjyu; eurpk;ktu;ku; gy;ytu; thjhgp efiu jPf;fpiuahff; p jdi; d kPl;Lr; bry;Yk; tiu/ me;efiu tpl;L/ btspnaWtjpy;iy vd;w NSiug; gFjpiaak[ ; fy;fp ek; fz;Kd; tpupjJ; f; fhl;Lfpwhu;. nkYk; ghu;jj; pgd; fdt[/ bghd;dpapd; bry;td;/ fly;g[wh vd gy tuyhw;Wf; fijfs; ek; rpe;ijiaf; bfhs;is bfhsS; k; tz;zkhf klL; kpd;wp/ eww; kpiH ehk; mwpak[ ; tifapYk; cs;sJ. khztuf; ns neuk; fpilfF; k; nghJ/ E}yfk; bryY; =f; s;. fw;W ,dg; [W=f; s;.  www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 285 ,ay; ehL ftpijg; ngiH 7 Vu; g[jpjh> ? F.g.uh$nfhghyd; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. rupahd mfutupiriaj; njue; b; jLff; . m) cHt[/ kz;/ Vu;/ khL M) kz/; khL/ Vu/; cHt[ ,) cHt[/ Vu;/ kz/; khL <) Vu;/ cHt[/ khL/ kz; [tpil: ,) cHt/[ Vu;/ kz;/ khL] rpWtpdh 1. Kjy; kiH tpGej; Jk; vd;dbtyy; hk; epfHt; jhf F.g.uh. ftpghLfpwhu>; ,ay; 7 ŒŒ Kjy; kiH tpGe;jtl[ d; epyk; <ujj; hy; gz;gll; J. ŒŒ tpiue;J brd;W bghd; nghd;w Vupny fhisfisg; g{l;o/ epyj;ij cGjdu;. Cf;fjJ; lDk/; typika[lDk; ciHjj; du.; ehw;W ell; du;. ŒŒ nkYk; kiH bghHpa epyk; Fspue; ;jJ. ehwW; fs; epkpue; ;J tsu;e;jd. fpHf;Fk; btSjj; J. ftiya[k; kwe;jJ. ``Kjyk; iH tpGej; Jk; nkyk; z; gjkhfptpll; J btss; p Kisjj; pLJ/ tpiue;Jngh ezg; h-~~ TLjy; tpdhf;fs; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g.[ bjhGJ/ tpiueJ; / mKjJ; ? tpidbar;rk; ezg; h ? tpspntw;Wik gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;. tpiueJ; ? tpiu + j;(e); + j; + c tpiu ? gFjp j;(e;) ? re;jp (e;) MdJ tpfhuk; j; ? ,wej; fhy ,ilepiy c ? tpidbarr; tpFjp www.tnpscjob.com

286 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ gyts[ ; bjupf 1. r=;fj;jkpHupd; jpiz thH;t[ vij mogg; ilahff; bfhz;lJ> m) berit M) nghupid ,) ntshz;ikia <) fhy;eilia [tpil: ,) ntshz;ikia] 2. jkpHupd; jiyahd bjhHpyhftk[ ;/ gzg; hlhft[k; jpfHt; J __________. m) fy;tp M) cHt[ ,) bert [ <) nghu ; [tpil: M) cHt][ 3. jkpHu; gz;ghl;od; kFlkhfj; jpfHt; J __________. m) ehfupfk ; M) fiy ,) cGjy ; <) bghd; Vu; g{l;Ljy; [tpil: <) bghd; Vu; g{lL; jy]; 4. bghd;Vu; g{l;Ljy; elj;jgg; Lk; khjk; __________. m) rpj;jpiu M) Mdp ,) Mo <) ij [tpil: m) rpjj; piu] 5. `Vu; g[jpjh>~ vd;Dk; ftpij ,lk; bgw;w E}y; __________. m) mfypif M) Mjk; rpej; id ,) F.g.uh. gilgg; f[ s; <) VuK; id [tpil: ,) F.g.uh. gilgg; f[ s;] 6. F.g.uh. gpwe;j Cu; __________. m) j+i; r M) kJiu ,) Fk;gnfhzk ; <) bey;iy [tpil: ,) Fkg; nfhzk]; 7. F.g.uh. gpwe;j MzL; __________. m) 1902 M) 1912 ,ay; 7 ,) 1915 ; <) 1922 [tpil: m) 1902] 8. F.g.uh Mrpupauhfg; gzpg[upej; ,jH;fspy; xd;W __________. m) jkpH; CHpad ; M) jpdkzp ,) ,e;jpah <) fpuhk CHpad ; [tpil: <) fpuhk CHpad]; 9. `fLfp bry~; ? ,jpy; `fLfp~ vdg; jd; bghUs; __________. m) bry;Yjy ; M) bkJthf ,) tpiueJ; <) ,ay;ghf [tpil: ,) tpiueJ; ] 10. epyk; rpypu;f;Fk;/ ehwW; __________. m) tsUk ; M) tisak[ ; ,) epkpUk; <) befpGk; [tpil: ,) epkpUk]; 11. Cf;fk; gj[ pJ/ cuk; gj[ pJ ? ,jpy; cuk; vdw; brhy; Fwpg;gJ __________. m) typik M) gapu; cuk; ,) rjJ; <) tpjJ; [tpil: m) typik] 12. cyfjj; huf; ;F mr;rhzp vd;nghu; __________. m) bjhGnthu ; M) fwn; ghu; ,) cGnthu ; <) nghupLnthu; [tpil: ,) cGnthu]; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 287 13. bghUjJ; f. 1. Kjy; kiH ? m) gjkhfpaJ 2. nkyk; z ; ? M) Kisj;jJ 3. bts;sp ? ,) bjhG 4. bghd;ndu; ? <) tpGe;jJ m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4., ,) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.< <) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.< [tpil: M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4.,] 14. `btss; p Kisjj; pLJ tpiue;J ngh ez;gh~ vd;W ghoatu; __________. m) kh.bgh.rp M) F.g.uh$nfhghyd; ,) Rujh <) ghujpjhrd; [tpil: M) F.g.uh$nfhghyd]; 15. jtwhd xdw; pidf; fz;lwpf. M) nkwF; btSfF; k; m) kz; gu[ Sk ; <) vy;iyj; bjat; k; fhf;Fk; ,) kiH bghHpa[k ;  [tpil: M) nkw;F btSfF; k]; 16. `bghGnjwg; bghdg; ut[k; Vuoapy; eyy; ntisapy; ehl;Lnthk; bfhGit~ vdW; ghoatu;> m) kh.bgh.rp M) F.g.uh$nfhghyd; ,) Rujh <) ghujpjhrd; [tpil: M) F.g.uh$nfhghyd]; FWtpdh 1. F.g.uhtpd; gilg;gf[ s; ml=;fpa E}y; bjhFg;gf[ isf; Fwpgg; pLf. ,ay; 7 mfypif/ Mj;krpe;jid. 2. F.g.uh$nfhghyd; gzpgu[ pej; ,jH;fs; ahit> jkpHe; hL/ ghujkzp/ ghujnjtp/ fpuhk CHpad; ? MfpaitahFk;. 3. bghd; Vu; g{lL; jy; tpsfF; f. ŒŒ ntshz;ik brHpff; tk[ ;/ khDlk; jiHff; t[k; rpjj; piuj; jp=f; spy; elj;jgg; Lk; gzg; hlL; epfH;t[ bghd; Vu; g{lL; jy~; MFk;. ŒŒ ,ee; pfH;t[ jkpHu; gz;ghlo; d; kFlk; MFk.; 4. F.g.uh$nfhghydpd; gd;Kf=f; isf; Fwpgg; pLf. rpWfij vGj;jhsu/; ftp+u/; ehlf Mrpupau;/ kWkyu;rr; p vGjj; hsu.; 5. tpiue;J ngh ezg; h vdf; ftp+u; Twf; fhuzk; ahJ> Kjy; kiH tpGe;Jtpl;ljhYk/; nky; kz; gf;FtkhdjhYk;/ btss; p; Kisjj; jhYk; Vwpidg; g[{l;l tpiue;J ngh vd;fpwhu; ftp+u;. 6. kz; vg;nghJ g[uSk>; khli; lj; J}z;o/ bfhGit (fygi; g ,Uk;ig) mKjj; pdhy; kz; gu[ Sk.; www.tnpscjob.com

288 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ rpWtpdh 1. `bghGnjwg; bghdg; utk[ ; Vuoapy; eyy; ntisapy; ehl;Lnthk; bfhGit~ ,l+;Rl;og; bghUs; tpsfF; f. ,lk; Rl;ly:; F.g.uh$nfhghydpd; `F.g.uh. gilg;g~[ fspy; Vu; g[jpjh> vdw; ftpijfspy; ,t;tupfs; ,lk; bgWfpd;wd. bghUs; tpsf;fk:; bghGJ tpoeJ; Vupd; moapy; bghd;bdhsp gug;g[k; ey;y fhiyg; bghGjpy; Vu; Kidapd; fyg;ig ,Uk;ig epyj;jpy; ehl;Lnthk;. fwg; it fww; gpd; gf;fk;: 165 ,ay; 7 1. `Kjy; kiH tpGe;jJ~ bjhlu;e;J epfGk; cHtr[ ; bray;fis `Vu; g[jpjh>~ ftpij bfhz;L tupirgg; Lj;jpg; ngRf. t zff; k;- ŒŒ cGnthu; cyFfF; mrr; hzp vdg; nghw;Wk; tifapy/; ŒŒ cHtu; bgUkff; is kdk; kfpHr;bra;ak[ ; tifapy; Kjy; kiH epyj;jpny tpGeJ; tpll; J. ŒŒ kiHapdhy; ek; epyk; rupahd epiyapy; gzg; l;Ls;sJ. ŒŒ ez;gu;fns- nrhkg; ypdhy; ,d;Dk; cw=;fpf; bfhz;L ,Uf;fhjPu;fs;. ŒŒ tpoej; J/ tpiue;J vGeJ; th ez;gh- Viugg; {l;o taYf;F tpiueJ; bry.; ŒŒ fhL ekfF; g; gj[ pjdW; . fiua[k; ek; trgg; ll; J jhd.; Vu; ekfF; g; g[jpjdW; . ŒŒ fhisfSk; g[jpaitay;y. bghd; Vu; bjhGJ/ khl;ilg; g{lo; epyj;ij cGnthk.; ŒŒ kzg; [uSk; tifapy; mGe;j ed;F cGnthk.; nkYk; kiH bghHpak[ .; ŒŒ ek; epyKk; befpHe; ;J FspUk;. g[jpa Cff; j;JlDk/; g[jpa tYt[lDk; ciHg;nghk.; ŒŒ ehw;W epkpu;eJ; tsUk.; vy;iy bjat; k; eki; kf; fhfF; k;. ftiyfs; ,dp ,y;iy. g[jpa tpoaYfF; milahskha; fpHfF; k; btSjJ; tpll; J. ŒŒ epiwthf/ ciHgn; ghk;- ehKk; caun; thk-; - ehl;ila[k; cauj; ;Jnthk;--- vd;W Twp tpilbgWfpnwd;.  www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 289 ,ay; ehL ftpijg; ngiH 7 bka;f;fPu;j;jp ? ,uzl; hk; ,uhruhr nrhHd; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. `jd; ehlL; kff; SfF; j; je;ijak[ ; jha[k; kfDkhf ,Ue;j murd;~ ? vd;Dk; bkaf; ;fuP ;jj; pj; bjhlu; czu;jJ; k; bghUs>; m) nkk;gll; epUthfj;jpwd; bgw;wtu; M) kpFej; bryt; k; cilatu; ,) gzg; l;l kdpjneak; bfhz;ltu; <) bewpnahL epdW; fhty; fhgg; tu; [tpil: <) bewpnahL epdW; fhty; fhgg; tu]; FWtpdh 1. bkaf; ;fPu;jj; p ghlgg; Ltjd; nehf;fk; ahJ> kdd; u; jk; ehlo; d; tsji; jak[ ; Mlr; pr; rpwg;igak[ ; fhyk; fle;Jk; czu;j;j ntz;Lk; vd;w nehf;fj;jpw;fhf g[fGk; bgUikak[ ; mHpahjtifapy; mit midji; ja[k; fy;ypy; brJf;fpdhu;fs.; ,Jnt bka;f;fPuj; ;jp ghlg;gLtjd; nehf;fkhFk;. rpWtpdh 1. gpdt; Uk; gj;jpiag; goj;J ikaf;fUji; j vGJf. ,ay; 7 nguurdJ bka;gg; f[ iH vLj;Jf;TWtJ bka;ff; Puj; j; p/ bghJthf ,J nrhH kd;dUila rhrd=f; spd; bjhlf;fj;jpy; murDila ,jj; idahtJ Ml;rpahz;L vd;W TWkplj;J mikff; g;bgWk.; rpwgg; hf mtDila nghu; btww; pfisak[ ; tuyhw;iwa[k; Kiwahff; Twp/ mtd; jd; njtpnahL tPw;wpUeJ; ePL thHf; vdf;Twp/ gpwnf rhrdk; vGej; epfHr; r; piaf; Fwpgg; pLk.; nrhH kdd; u; guk;giuapy; bkaf; f; Puj; ;jpnahL rhrd=f; isg; bghwpfF; k; tHff; k; beLehs; ,Ue;jjpyi; y. Kjy; ,uhruhrDila vl;lhk; Mz;oy;jhd; bka;f;fPuj; ;jpf; fhzgg; LfpwJ. ,jd;fz; tkpr ghukg; upak; tpje;J Xjgg; ltpy;iy. Vida gFjpfs; css; d. vdpDk; ,J kpft[k; RUf;fkhfnt cs;sJ. ,dD; k; gpdt; e;j bkaf; Pu;jj; pfspd; tkpr guk;giuia kpft[k; tpupj;Jf; Twpa[ss; d. ikaf;fUjJ; : nguurdJ gf[ iH vLj;Jf; TWtJ bka;ff; Puj; j; p. ,J nrhH kd;dUila rhrd=;fspy; murDila Ml;rpahzL; TWkplj;jpy; mikff; g; bgWk.; kdd; Dila btw;wpfisa[k/; tuyhWfisak[ ; TWk;. Kjy; ,uhruhrDila vl;lhk; Mzo; y; jhd; bka;f;fPuj; j; p fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jdf; z; tkpr ghukg; upak; tpjeJ; Xjg;gLtjpy;iy. ,jd; gpd; te;j bka;ff; Puj; ;jpfs; tkpr gukg; iuia tpupjJ; f; TWfpdw; d. www.tnpscjob.com

290 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ beLtpdh 1. ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk; bgwW; s;s bka;ff; Pu;jj; p ghlypd; eaji; j tpsfF; f. (,uzl; hk; ,uhruhr nrhHd; bkaf; ;fuP ;j;jp) Fwpgg; [r; rl;lk; KdD; iu nrhH ehl;od; tsk; kd;ddpd; rpwg;gk[ ; bgUika[k; Kot[iu KdD; iu: ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk; bgw;Wss; ,uz;lhk; ,uhruhr nrhHdJ bka;ff; Puj; ;jp ghly;/ nrhHehlo; d; tsj;ija[k;. kd;ddpd; rpwg;igak[ ; eaKld; vLjJ; iuf;fpwJ. nrhH ehlo; d; tsk:; ehl;L tsk; kf;fs; tsk; ahidfs; klL; k; gpzpff; gg; Lfpdw; d. kf;fs; gpzpf;fgg; Ltjpy;iy. rpyk;g[fs; kl;Lk; gy[ k;g[k.; kff; s; gy[ k;gt[ jpyi; y. Xilfs; kl;Lk; fyff; kilak[ ;. kff; s; fyff; k; miltjpy;iy. kh=;fha; klL; k; tLg;gLk.; kff; s; tLgg; Ltjpy;iy. kyuf; s; kl;Lk; gwpf;fgg; Lfpd;wd. kff; s; cupik gwpff; gg; Ltjpy;iy. fhLfs; klL; k; (bfhoatdha); bfho cilajha; kff; s; bfhoatuha; ,y;iy. ,UfF; k;. ,ay; 7 tz;Lfs; klL; k; fs;(njd); cz;L ka=;Fk.; kff; s; fs; cz;gjpyi; y. kiy @=;fpy; kl;Lnk btWikaha; ,UfF; k;. kf;fspilna btWik ,y;iy. taypy; bewf; jpu;fs; klL; k; nghuhf vGfpdw; d. nrhHehl;oy; nghu; ,y;iy. ePz;l kiyfis ,Us; NH;ej; pUff; pd;wd. ehlo; y; tWik ,Us; ,yi; y. khd;fspd; fzf; s; kUsf; pd;wd. kf;fs; fz;fspy; kUl;rpapy;iy. FsjJ; kPd;fs; gpwH;e;J bry;fpd;wd. kff; s; epiy gpwH;tjpyi; y. brtpypanu rpd=b; fhst; u.; ntW ahUk; rpdk; bfhs;tjpyi; y. gy[ tu; ghlo; y; bghUs; kiweJ; ,Uff; pwJ. nrhHehlo; y; ahUk; bghUis kiwgg; jpyi; y. ,irgg; hznu bjUtpy; To Mog;ghLtu.; kff; s; bjUtpy; MLtjpyi; y. kd;ddpd; rpwgg; k[ ; bgUikak[ ; : kdd; d; kff; Sf;Ff; fhty; bja;tkhf/ jhahf/ je;ijahf ,Uff; pwhd;. kfd; ,y;yhnjhu;fF; kfdhf ,Uff; pwhd.; cyf capuf; Sf;F capuhf/ tpHpahf/ bka;ahf/ g[fH; bgw;w E}yhf g[fH; midj;JfF; k; jiytdhf tps=F; fpwhd;. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 291 Kot[iu : nrhH murdpd; bgUikak[ ; mtd; fhyj;jpy; ehL bgw;wpUej; tsji; jak[ ; bka;f;fPuj; j; pgg; hly; tHpahf eak;gl ciuff; pwJ. TLjy; tpdhf;fs; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g.[ tUg[dy ; ? tpidjb; jhif ,skhd ; ? gzg; [jb; jhif khkyu ; ? cuprb; rhy; bjhlu; vG fHdp ? tpidj;bjhif beLtiu ? gz;gj[ b; jhif gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;. foe;J ? fo + j(; e;) + j; + c fo ? gFjp j;(e;) ? rej; p (e); MdJ tpfhuk; j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy c ? tpidbarr; tpFjp gyts[ ; bjupf 1. bkaf; f; Pu;j;jpf;F Kd;ndhoaha;j; jpfGk; r=;f ,yf;fpagg; hly;fs; __________. m) g[wehD}W M) gjpwW; g;gj;J ,) FWe;bjhif <) mfehD}W [tpil: M) gjpw;Wgg; j;J] 2. gy;ytu; fhy fyb; tl;Lk;/ ghzo; au; fhy brgn; gLk; nrhHu; fhyj;jpy; ________ vdg; bgau; ,ay; 7 bgww; J. m) bka;f;fPuj; j; p M) bka;ai[ u ,) E}y ; <) brg;gk ; [tpil: m) bkaf; f; uP j; ;jp] 3. ________ ,ej; pud; Kjyhfj; jpirghyu; vlL; ngUk; xUtUk; bgww; Jnghy; Mlr; p bra;jtd.; m) ,s+n; ruyhjd; M) ,uzl; hk; ,uhruhrd; ,) ,uhn$ej; pu nrhHd; <) Kjyhk; ,uhruhrd; [tpil: M) ,uzl; hk; ,uhruhrd]; 4. nrhHehl;oy; gpwHe; b; jhGFtJ ________. m) ,skhdf; s; M) ahidfs; ,) kf;fs; <) faw;Fyk; [tpil: <) faw;Fyk]; 5. `fht[fns bfhoathapd~ ? ,jpy; `fht~[ vd;gjd; bghUs; ________. m) fhLfs; M) kiyfF; if ,) fly; <) ahidfs; [tpil: m) fhLfs]; 6. `,awg; [ytnu bghUs; itgg; hu;~ ? vjpy;> m) ,yy; j;jpy; M) kd;wj;jpy; ,) bra;a[spy ; <) rhd;nwhu; mitapy; [tpil: ,) bra;a[spy]; www.tnpscjob.com

292 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ 7. `Kfk; bgww; gDtbydd; tk[ ~; ? gDty; vd;gjd; bghUs; ________. m) bghUs ; M) KdD; iu ,) E}y ; <) nfhy ; [tpil: ,) E}y]; 8. nfhgg; unfrup/ jpUg[tdr;rff; utu;j;jp vdg; gl;l=;fs; bgww; td; ________. m) ,uzl; hk; ,uhruhrd; M) FnyhjJ; =;fd; ,) Kjyhk; ,uhruhrd ; <) tpff; puknrhHd; [tpil: m) ,uzl; hk; ,uhruhrd]; 9. ahUila fhye;bjhl;L bka;f;fPuj; ;jp fyy; py; tof;fgg; ll; J> m) gyy; tu ; M) ghz;oau; ,) Kjyhk; ,uhruhrd; <) ,uhn$ej; pu nrhHd; [tpil: ,) Kjyhk; ,uhruhrd]; 10. ,uzl; hk; ,uhruhr nrhHdpd; bkaf; f; uP ;j;jpapd; tupfs; ________. m) 81; M) 91; ,) 101 ; <) 112 [tpil: M) 91] 11. mHpahj fy; ,yff; pak; vdg; nghww; g;gLtJ ________. m) brgn; gL M) rpwg; =f; s; ,) Xtpak; <) bka;f;fPuj; j; p [tpil: <) bkaf; f; uP ;jj; p] 12. nrhHehl;oy; rpiwgg; Ltd ________. m) kh M) tzL; fs; ,) tUgd[ y; <) fhtf[ s ; [tpil: ,) tUgd[ y]; 13. jprhghyu; _______ Mthu.; M) vGtu; [tpil: ,) vz;ku]; m) mWtu; <) gjpd;ku ; ,) vz;ku; 14. bghUj;Jf. 1. gpzpgg; [ ? m) ePu; M) flL; jy; ,ay; 7 2. gd[ y; ? ,) ,Us; <) tay; 3. fHdp ? M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4., 4. ik ? <) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.< m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., ,) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.< [tpil: m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4.,] 15. bghUj;Jf. 1. Kfk ; ? m) kiy 2. tiu ? M) brtpypjj; ha; 3. ifj;jha ; ? ,) E}y; 4. gDty ; ? <) Kd;Diu m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4., ,) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.< <) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.< [tpil: M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4.,] 16. bghUjJ; f. ? m) gy[ kg; f[ pdw; d 1. ahid ? M) gpzpf;fgg; Ltd 2. rpyk;g[fs ; ? ,) tLg;gLfpdw; d 3. Xilfs ; ? <) fyf;fkilfpdw; d 4. kh=f; haf; s ; www.tnpscjob.com