10th Tamil Guide by Surya Publications

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 193 10. braF; jkg; pgg; htyu; rjhtjhdp vd;W ghuhlL; g; bgw;w ,lk; __________ ehs; __________. m) brd;id tpfn; lhupah mu=f; k/; 1907 khu;r; 10 M) brd;id jPt[j; jply;/ 1909 khur; ; 8 ,) j+;rht{u; jpyfu; jply;/ 1908 gpg;utup 8 <) jpUrr; p mz;zh ikjhdk;/ 1906 khu;r; 6  [tpil: m) brd;id tpfn; lhupah mu=;fk/; 1907 khur; ; 10] 11. bra;Fjkg; pg; ghtyupd; epiditg; nghw;Wk; tifapy; kzpkzl; gKk; gss; pak[ ; mikeJ; s;s ,lk; __________. m) fdd; pahFkup M) ,lyhfF; o ,) brd;id <) kapyhgg; {u; [tpil: M) ,lyhfF; o] 12. `rjk~; vdw; hy; __________ vd;W bghUs;. m) gjJ; M) E}W ,) Mapuk ; <) ,ylr; k ; [tpil: M) E}W] 13. njhzL; k; mst[ euP ;nghyf; fw;Fk; mst[ mwpt[ RufF; k; vdW; TWtJ __________. m) ehyoahu; M) jpUf;Fws; ,) Vyhjp <) jpupfLfk; [tpil: M) jpUf;Fws]; FWtpdh 1. Vd; fyt; piag; nghww; pf; fhff; ntzL; k; vdr; braF; jkg; pg; ghtyu; Fwpgg; pLfpwhu>; ,ay; 5 mUspidg; bgUff; p/ mwpitr; rPuhf;fp/ kaff; k; mfww; p/ mwpt[f;Fj; bjspt[ jeJ; / capUfF; mupa Jizaha; ,dg; k; nru;gg; J fy;tpna MFk.; vdnt/ mijg; nghww; pf; fwf; ntzL; k; vdr; bra;Fjkg; pg; ghtyu; Fwpgg; pLfpwhu;. 2. rjhtjhdk; Fwpg;g[ tiuf. `rjk~; vdw; hy; E}W vdW; bghUs;. xUtuJ gy[ ikiaak[ ; epidthw;wiyak[ ; Ez;zwpita[k; nrhjpgg; jwf; hf xnu neujj; py; epfH;jj; gg; Lk; E}W brayf; isak[ ; epidtpy; bfhz;L tpilaspj;jny rjhtjhdk; MFk.; 3. braF; jk;gpg; ghtyu; Vd; rjhtjhdp vd;W nghw;wgg; Lfpwhu>; braF; jkg; pahu; 1907 Mk; Mz;L khu;r; 10Mk; ehs; brdi; d tpfn; lhupah mu=f; j;jpy; mwp+u; gyu; Kd;dpiyapy; E}W bray;fis xnu neuj;jpy; braJ; fhlo; `rjhtjhdp~ vdW; ghuhl;lg; bgw;whu;. mdW; Kjy; `rjhtjhdp bra;F jk;gpg; ghtyu~; vd;W midtuhYk; miHff; gg; l;lhu;. 4. braF; jk;gpg; ghtyu; Fwpgg; [ tiuf. bgau; : braF; jk;gpg; ghtyu; fhyk ; : 1874 ? 1950 Cu; : fdd; pahFkup ? ,lyhf;Fo rpwg;g[ : 15 tajpy; bra;a[s; ,awW; k; Mw;wy;/ 1907,y; rjhtjhdp gll; k; bgww; hu;. www.tnpscjob.com

194 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ fwg; it fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 106 1. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; eP=f; s; gapy tpUkg; k[ ; fy;tp FwpjJ; tFgg; iwapy; fyeJ; iuahof; Fwpg;gi[ u cUthf;Ff. Mrpupau; : fiy/ eP tU=;fhyjj; py; vdd; f; fyt; p bgw tpUkg; f[ pwha>; fiy : mk;kh/ ehd; ,s=f; iyj; jkpH; gof;f tpUkg; f[ pdn; wd;. Vbdd;why;/ cyfnk nghwW; k; brej; kpHj; ;jhapd; bgUikia ehd; mwpe;Jbfhss; nt fw;fpd;nwd.; Mrpupau; : edW; . ypy;yp eP vdd; fw;f tpUk;gf[ pwha;> ypyy; p : mk;kh/ ehd; kUj;Jtk; goff; tpUkg; [fpd;nwd;. Vbddw; hy/; ViHfSf;F ,ytrkhf cau; kUj;Jt rpfpri; r mspgg; jwf; hf. Mrpupau; : eyy; J/ ey;yJ. rkPdh eP vd;d fw;f tpUk;g[fpwha;> rkdP h : mkk; h/ ehd; rll; k; goff; tpUk;g[fpdn; wd;. Vbdd;why/; ViHfSfF; ,ytrkhf rll; cjtp brat; jwf; hf. Mrpupau ; : X- mg;goah- bryt; p : mk;kh/ ehd; tuyhW goff; tpUk;g[fpd;nwd.; Vbdd;why;/ gytifapy; kiweJ; ss; ek; tuyhwi; w btspfb; fhz;L tUtjwf; hf. Mrpupau ; : ey;yJ. c=f; s; Kawr; pf;F eyy; gyd; fpilf;Fk;. eP=f; s; gog;gnjhL klL; ky;yhky; eki; kr; Rw;wpas[ ;s r@fji; jg; gof;f itff; ntz;Lk.;  ,ay; 5 www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 195 ,ay; fy;tp ftpijg; ngiH 5 jpUtpisahlw; gu[ hzk; ? gu+n; rhjp Kdptu; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. ,ilf;fhldhupd; ghliy ,fH;ej; tu; __________ ,ilf;fhldhuplk; mdg; [ itjj; tu; __________. m) mikrr; u/; kd;dd; M) mikr;ru/; ,iwtd; ,) ,iwtd;/ kd;dd; <) kdd; d;/ ,iwtd ; [tpil: <) kdd; d/; ,iwtd;] FWtpdh 1. ``fHpej; bgUk;nfs;tpapdhd; vdf; nfl;L KGJ czu;ej; fgpyd; jd; ghy; bghHpej; bgUk; fhjyk; pF nfzi; kapdhd; ,ilff; hlL; g; g[ytd; bjd;brhy~; ~ ? ,tt; ofspy; fHpej; bgUk; nfs;tpapdhd; ahu;> fhjy; kpF nfz;ikapdhd; ahu>; fHpej; bgUk; nfs;tpapdhd; (kpFej; fyt; pawpt[ cilatu;) ? Fnyrghzo; ad.; fhjy;kpF nfzi; kapdhd; (fgpyuplk; elg; [ bfhzl; tu); ? ,ilff; hldhu.; 2. mku;e;jhd; ? gFgj cWgg; pyf;fzk; jUf. mkue; j; hd ; ? mku; + j; (e;) + j; + Md; ,ay; 5 mku; ? gFjp j ; ? re;jp/ `e;~ MdJ tpfhuk; j ; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy Md ; ? Mzg; hy; tpidKwW; tpFjp rpWtpdh 1. kdd; d; ,ilf;fhldhu; vdw; g[ytDf;Fr; rpwgg; [ braj; J Vd>; tpsf;fk; jUf. ŒŒ Fnyr ghzo; ad; jkpHg; ; gy[ ik thae; ;jtd;. ŒŒ mtd; mitapy; gy[ tu; ,ilff; hldhu; ghoa ghliy kdd; d; bghUl;gLj;jhky; mtkjpj;jhd.; ŒŒ , ilf;fhldhu; flk;gtdjJ; ,iwtdplk; Kiwapl;lhu.; ŒŒ ,iwtd; flk;gtdk; nfhapiy tplL; eP=f; p itif Mww; pd; bjw;nf nfhapy; cUthf;fp mkue; j; hu.; ŒŒ ,ijawpej; kdd; d; ahd; vdd; jtW bra;njd>; Vd; ,=;F mku;e;jPu;> vdW; tUej; pdhd;. ŒŒ ,iwtd/; ,ilff; hldhu; ghliy ,fH;ej; Fww; nk jtpu/ ntW ve;j jtWk; ,yi; y vd;whu.; www.tnpscjob.com

196 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ŒŒ jd; jtiw czue; ;j kd;dd; ,ilf;fhldhiu miHj;J k=f; y xg;gid bra;J/ bghd; ,Ufi; fapy; mkuj; j; p/ gzpeJ; tz=f; p jk; jtiwg; bghWj;jUs ntzo; dhd.; beLtpdh ,ay; 5 1. ,iwtd; g[ytu; ,ilff; hld; FuYf;Fr; brtprhaj; j; epfHi; t eajJ; ld; vGJf. Fwpg;gr[ ; rl;lk; kdd; dpd; mitapy; ,ilf;fhldhu; ,ilf;fhldhupd; g[yikia mtkjpjj; y; ,ilf;fhldhu; ,iwtdplk; KiwapLjy; ,iwtd; nfhtpiy tplL; btspnaWjy; ,iwtdplk; kd;dd; ntzL; jy; ,iwtdpd; gjpy; gpiHiag; bghWjj; Us ,iwtdplk; ntz;Ljy; kd;dd; ,ilff; hldhUfF; g; bgUik bra;jy; kd;dd; gy[ tuplk; ntzL; jy; kd;ddpd; mitapy; ,ilf;fhldhu; : ntgg; khiy mzpe;j Fnyr ghz;oad; kpFej; fyt; pawpt[ cilatd.; ,ijf; nfst; paw[ ;w ,ilf;fhldhu; Fnyrdpd; mitfF; r; brd;W jhd; ,aw;wpa ftpijiag; gojj; hu.; ,ilff; hldhupd; g[yikia mtkjpjj; y; : ntgg; khiy mzpe;j Fnyrghzo; ad; kpFej; fyt; pawpt[ cilatd.; jkpHwpak[ ; bgUkhd;/ moahu;fF; ey;epjp nghd;wtd;/ bghUl;bryt; Kk; fyt; pr; bryt; Kk; cilatd; vdW; nflL; zu;eJ; jh=;fs; Kd; Rit epuk;gpa ftpij ghodhu; ,ilf;fhldhu.; ghzo; ad; rpwpnjDk; ghliyg; bghUlg; Ljj; hky; gy[ tupd; g[yikia mtkjpjj; hd.; ,ilff; hldhu; ,iwtdplk; KiwapLjy; : ,iwth- ghzo; ad; vdi; d ,fHtpyi; y. brhy;ypd; tothd ghu;tjpiaa[k/; bghUspd; tothd ck;ika[k; mtkjpjj; hd; vdW; rpdj;Jld; ,iwtdplk; Twpdhu.; ,iwtd; nfhtpiy tplL; btspnaWjy; : ,ilff; hldhupd; ntz;Lnfhis Vw;W itif Mww; pd; bjw;nf nfhapy; mikjJ; f; Fobfhz;lhu; ,iwtd;. clnd fgpyUk; kfpHe; ;J ,ilf;fhldhnuhL btspnawpdhu;. ,iwtdplk; kd;dd; ntzL; jy; : ,ijawpej; kd;dd; ,iwtdplk; vd; gilfshy/; giftuhy;/ fs;tuhy;/ tpy=F; fshy; j=f; SfF; ,ila{W Vw;gl;ljh> kiwatu; xGff; k; Fiwe;jhnuh> jtKk/; jhdKk; RU=f; panjh> ,yy; wKk/; JwtwKk; jjj; k; tHpapy; jtwpdnth> je;ijna ehd; mwpnad; vdw; hu; Fynrfughzo; ad;. ,iwtdpd; gjpy; : `tay; NH;ej; flkg; tdj;ijtplL; xUnghJk; eP=;fkhln; lhk;.~ `,ilff; hldhu; ghliy ,fHe; ;j Fww; k; jtpu cdd; plk; Fww; k; ,yi; y~ vdw; hu.; `,ilff; hld; kPJ bfhzl; mdg; pdhy; ,=F; ten; jhk~; vdw; hu.; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 197 gpiHiag; bghWjj; Us ,iwtdplk; ntz;Ljy; : ,ay; 5 thdpypUe;J xypjj; ,iwtdpd; brhy; nfll; hd; Fnyr ghz;oad.; kfpHe; ;J/ guk;bghUns- g[z;zpand- rpwpatupd; Fww; k; bghWgg; J bgupatuf; ;Fg; bgUik vdW; Fw;wj;ijg; bghWff; ntzo; dhd.; kdd; d; ,ilf;fhldhUf;Fg; bgUik bra;jy; : kdd; dpd; khspif thiH/ rhkiu ,tw;whyhd tpjhdKk; tpsfF; k; cilaJ. g{uz Fkg; k; khiy/ bfho ,tw;why; xg;gid braa; gg; ll; J. g[ytu;fs; NH ,ilf;fhldhiu k=f; ykhf xgg; id braJ; bghd; ,Ufi; fapy; mkuj; j; pdhd.; kd;dd; gy[ tuplk; ntz;Ljy; : kd;dd; gy[ tu;fsplk;/ jhd; ,ilff; hldhUf;Fr; braj; Fw;wj;ijg; bghWj;Jf;bfhss; ntz;Lk; vd;whd.; g[ytuf; Sk/; ePu; Twpa mKjk; nghd;w brhyy; hy; v=;fs; rpdk; jzpe;Jtpl;lJ vdw; du;. ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g.[ nfs;tpapdhd ; ? tpidahyizak[ ; bgau; fhlDfF; k; fgpyDfF; k ; ? vzQ; ki; k fHpe;j ? bgaburr; k; gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;. jzpe;jJ ? jzp + j; (e); + j; + m + J jzp ? gFjp j; ? re;jp/ `e;~ MdJ tpfhuk; j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy m ? rhupia J ? glu;fi; f tpidKwW; tpFjp TLjy; tpdhf;fs; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g.[ fwn; whu ; ? tpidahyizak[ ; bgau; czu;e;jfgpyd ; ? bgaburr; k; jkP n; jd;/ ey;epjp/ bgUe;jif ? gzg; [jb; jhiffs; xGFjhu ; ? tpidjb; jhif kdP td; ? MFbgau; gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;. jhH;ej; hd; ? jhH; + j;(e;) + j; + Md; jhH ; ? gFjp j; ? re;jp/ `e;~ MdJ tpfhuk; j; ? ,wej; fhy ,ilepiy Md; ? Mzg; hy; tpidKwW; tpFjp www.tnpscjob.com

198 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ gyts[ ; bjupf 1. fgpyupd; ez;gu; ahu>; M) ,ilff; hldhu; [tpil: M) ,ilff; hldhu]; m) gu+;nrhjp Kdptu; <) xl;lf;Tj;ju ; ,) Fnyr ghzo; ad ; 2. jpUtpisahlw;gu[ hzj;jpd; Mrpupau; ahu>; m) rkz Kdptu ; M) mfj;jpau; Kdptu; ,) gu+n; rhjp Kdptu ; <) ,ilf;fhldhu ; [tpil: ,) gu+;nrhjp Kdptu;] 3. jpUtpisahlw;gu[ hzk; gly=;fspd; vz;zpfi; f __________. m) 64 M) 96 ,) 30 <) 18 [tpil: m) 64] 4. `jf#u; vwpej; bgU+n; ruy~; ,Ukb; ghiw ahUfF; f; ftup tPrpdhd>; m) gu+;nrhjp Kdptu ; M) fgpyu; ,) ,ilff; hldhu ; <) nkhrpfPudhu ; [tpil: <) nkhrpfPudhu]; 5. ntg;g khiy mzpej; kd;dd>; m) nrud; M) nrhHd; ,) ghzo; ad; <) gyy; td ; [tpil: ,) ghz;oad]; 6. nkhrpfPudhu; KuRf; fl;oypy; fzz; auf; fhuzk; __________. m) Fspue; ;j fhw;W tPrpajhy ; M) eyy; cwf;fk; te;jjhy; ,) fisgg; [ kpFjpahy; <) murd; ,yy; hikahy; [tpil: ,) fisg;g[ kpFjpahy]; 7. `@upj; jPk; njd; tHpe;J xGF jhuhidf; fz;L~ vdD; k; bjhlupy; jhuhid vdg; J ahiuf; ,ay; 5 Fwpf;fpwJ> m) rptbgUkhd ; M) fgpyu; ,) ghzo; ad; <) ,ilff; hldhu ; [tpil: ,) ghz;oad]; 8. gu+;nrhjp Kdptu; gpwe;j Cu; __________. m) j+r; ht[{u; M) jpUkiwf;fhL ,) jpUjJ; iwg; g[{z;o <) jpUtzz; hkiy [tpil: M) jpUkiwff; hL] 9. jpUtpisahlwg; [uhzk; fhz;l=;fspd; vz;zpf;if __________. m) 3 M) 4 ,) 6 <) 10 [tpil: m) 3] 10. ,ilf;fhldhu; gpzfF; j; jPuj; j; glyk; ,lk; bgWk; fhzl; k; __________. m) kJiuf; fhz;lk ; M) Tlw; fhz;lk; ,) jpU Mythaf; ; fhz;lk ; <) a[jj; fhzl; k; [tpil: ,) jpU Mythaf; ; fhz;lk]; 11. ,ilf;fhldhu; gpzf;Fj; juP j; ;j glyk; jpUtpisahlwg; [uhzjj; py; vj;jidahtJ glyk>; m) 64 M) 56 ,) 46 <) 48 [tpil: M) 56] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 199 12. murUk; g[ytUfF; f; __________ tPRtu;. m) ftz ; M) fizahHp ,) ftup <) fy; [tpil: ,) ftup] 13. Fnyrghz;oad; __________ ehli; l Ml;rp gu[ pej; hd;. m) ghzo; a M) nru ,) nrhH <) gy;yt [tpil: m) ghz;oa] 14. Fnyr ghz;oad; vd;Dk; kd;dd; __________ gy[ ikapy; rpweJ; tps=f; pdhd;. m) jkpH; M) tlbkhHp ,) bjY=F; <) fdd; lk; [tpil: m) jkpH]; 15. brhy;ypd; tothf ,iwtdpd; ,lg;g[wk; twP ;wpUgg; ts; __________. m) ghut; jp M) jpUkfs; ,) fiykfs ; <) miykfs; [tpil: m) ghut; jp] 16. brhy;ypd; bghUshf tps=;FtJ __________. m) ,iwtd; M) ,ilf;fhldhu; ,) fgpyu ; <) ghu;tjp [tpil: m) ,iwtd]; 17. brhy;ypd; bghUshf tps=F; k; cdi; dan[ k mtkjpjj; jhf ,iwtdplk; ,ilff; hldhu; __________ Twpr; brd;whu.; m) mGifa[ld ; M) rpdj;Jld; ,) VsdjJ; ld; <) cUff; j;Jld ; [tpil: M) rpdj;Jld]; 18. ,ilf;fhldhupd; brhy; __________ nghy; ,iwtdpd; jpUrb; rtpapy; brd;W ijj;jJ. m) Tupa mk;g[ M) ntw;gil ,) jP <) tplKs; [tpil: M) ntw;gil] 19. __________ Mww; pd; bjd; gf;fjn; j xU jpUf;nfhtpiy Mf;fp ,iwtd; m=;Fr; brd;W ,ay; 5 ,Uej; hu.; m) fhtpup M) f=i; f ,) itif <) jhkpuguzp [tpil: ,) itif] 20. jpU Mytha;f; nfhtpiy tplL; btspnawpa ,iwtd; __________ totji; j kiwjJ; tlf;nf itia Mww; pd; bjd; gff; jn; j brd;W ,Uej; hu.; m) eurp=;f M) gyuhk ,) ,yp=;f <) ru;gg; [tpil: ,) ,yp=f; ] 21. flkg; tdji; j tplL; xU nghJk; eP=;f khl;nlhk; vd;W Twpatu; __________. m) Fnyr ghz;oad; M) ,iwtd; ,) ,ilff; hldhu ; <) fgpyu; [tpil: M) ,iwtd]; 22. kd;dd; ,ilff; hldhiu k=f; ykhf xgg; id bra;J __________ ,Uf;ifapy; tpjpgg; o mkuj; ;jpdhd.; m) kufj M) bghd; ,) jd; <) itu [tpil: M) bghd]; www.tnpscjob.com

200 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 23. nfs;tpapdhd/; fhlDfF; k; fgpyDf;Fk; ? ,r;brhwf; SfF; upa ,yf;fzf; Fwpgg; f[ isf; fzl; wpf. m) tpidahyiza[k; bgau/; vzQ; k;ik M) vzQ; k;ik/ tpidahyizak[ ; bgau; ,) Kwb; wr;rk;/ ck;ikj; bjhif <) tpidbarr; k;/ bjhHpw; bgau; [tpil: m) tpidahyizak[ ; bgau;/ vz;Qk;ik] 24. `khrw tprpj;j thu;gW[ ts;gpd;~ vdW; ghoa gy[ tu; __________ ghlgg; l;ltd; __________. m) nkhrpfPudhu;/ jf#u; vwpe;j bgU+;nruy; ,Uk;bghiw M) xsitahu/; mjpakhd; ,) guzu;/ jiyahs=f; hdjJ; r; brUjtdw; ghz;oad; <) fgpyu/; ghup  [tpil: m) nkhrpfPudhu/; jf#u; vwpej; bgU+;nruy; ,Ukb; ghiw] 25. muzk; idapd; KuRf; fl;oypy; J}=;fpatu; __________ ftup trP pa kd;du; __________. m) ,ilff; hldhu/; Fnyr ghzo; ad; M) nkhrpfPudhu/; bgU+n; ruy; ,Uk;bghiw ,) fgpyu/; ghup <) guzu;/ ngfd; [tpil: M) nkhrpfPudhu/; bgU+;nruy; ,Uk;bghiw] 26. gu+;nrhjp Kdptu; __________ E}w;whz;ilr; nrue; ;jtu;. m) gj;jhk; M) gjpndHhk; ,) gjpbdl;lhk ; <) gjpidej; hk; [tpil: M) gjpndHhk]; 27. gu+;nrhjp Kdptu; __________ gfj; p kpf;ftu.; m) rpt M) bgUkhs; ,ay; 5 ,) KUf <) njr [tpil: m) rpt] 28. jpUtpisahlw; fijfs; __________ Kjw;bfhzL; Twg;glL; tUfpwJ. m) rpygg; jpfhuk ; M) kzpnkfiy ,) rPtfrpe;jhkzp <) bjhyf; hgg; pak ; [tpil: m) rpygg; jpfhuk]; FWtpdh 1. Ek; ftpijg; ngiHg; gFjp mikej; jpUtpisahlw;gu[ hzg; ghly; mike;j fhz;lk; kw;Wk; glyk; vJ> fhz;lk:; jpU Mytha;f; fhz;lk; glyk; : ,ilf;fhld; gpzf;Fj; jPuj; j; glyk; 2. ``ree; pjpapy; tPH;eJ; vGe;J jkpH; mwpak[ ; bgUkhnd~~ vdW; ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ> ,ilff; hldhu; ,iwtdplk; Twpdhu.; 3. `epd;,lk; gpupah ,ikag; ghit~ ? ,tt; ofspy; Rll; g;gLgtu; ahu;> <rdpd; ,ljj; py; tPww; pUfF; k; ghut; jp njtpna ,t;tofspy; Rl;lgg; Lfpdw; hu;. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 201 4. `brhy; bghUshd cdi; dan[ k ,fH;e;jdd~; ? bghUshdtd; ahu;> ,fH;e;jtd; ahu;> ,ay; 5 1.bghUshdtd; ? jpUMytha; ,iwtd; <rd; 2. ,fHe; j; td; ? Fnyr ghzo; ad; 5. ``gpiHj;jdnth ahd; mwpnad; vej; ha~; ~ ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ> Fnyr ghzo; ad; ,iwtdplk; (<rd;) Twpdhu.; 6. ``ahk; mtdplj;jpy; itjj; mUspdhy; ten; jk~; ~ vdW; ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ> ,iwtd; (<rd); Fnyr ghz;oadplk; Twpdhu;. 7. ``ahk; mtdplj;jpy; itjj; mUspdhy; ten; jk;~~ vdW; ,iwtd; Twf; fhuzk; ahJ> ,ilf;fhldhupd; braa; i[ s Fnyr ghz;oad; ,fHe; j; hd;. ,iwtd; ,ilff; hldhupd; kPJ kpFe;j mdg; [ itj;jpUej; jdhy; ,iwtd; nfhtpiy tpl;L eP=;fpdhd;. 8. ``rpwpnahu; Fww; k; bghWg;gJ bgUikadn; wh vzz; pa bgupnahu;fF; ~~ vd;W ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ> Fnyr ghz;oad; ,iwtpdlk; (<rd;) Twpdhu.; 9. brhy; totha; epdw; tu; ahu>; brhy; bghUsha; tps=;fpatu; ahu;> 1. brhy; totha; epd;wtu:; ghu;tjp njtp 2. brhy; bghUsha; tps=;fpatu;: ,iwtd; (<rd); 10. ``rpwpnahu; Fww; k; bghWgg; J bgUikad;nwh vzz; pa bgupnahu;fF; ~~ ? ,tt; ofspy; mikej; Kuz; brhw;fs; vit> rpwpnahu; ? bgupnahu; 11. ``jzz; pa mKjhy; v=f; s; nfhgjj; Pj; jzpej; J~~ vdW; ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ> g[ytu; ,ilff; hldhu; Fnyr ghz;oadplk; Twpdhu.; 12. ``gzz; pa Fww; k; vy;yhk; bghWff; vdgg; utpj; jhH;e;jtd~; ~ vd;W ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ> Fnyr ghz;oad; g[ytu; ,ilf;fhldhuplk; Twpdhu;. 13. gz;zpa Fww; k; vyy; hk; bghWff; vdgg; utpj; jhH;e;jtd;~~ gz;zpa Fw;wk; ahJ> Fnyr ghz;oad; ,ilff; hldhupd; ghliy ,fHe; ;jhu.; mjdhy; ,iwtd; nfhapiy tplL; eP=;fpdhu;. 14. brhyn; yUHtDfF; f; ftup tPrpa tpy;nyUHtd; ? brhy;nyUHtd; ahu>; tpyn; yUHtd; ahu>; 1. brhyn; yUHtd; (g[ytd); ? nkhrpfPudhu; 2. tpy;nyUHtd; (kd;dd); ? jf#u; vwpe;j bgU+n; ruy; ,Ukb; ghiw www.tnpscjob.com

202 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ rpWtpdh 1. ``gpiHj;jdnth ahd; mwpnad; vej; ha;~~ vd;W ghzo; ad; ,iwtdplk; tpdtpaij vGJf. ŒŒ ,iwtnd/vd;dhy/; vd;gilfshy/; vd;giftuhy/; fs;tuhy;/fhlo; y;cs;stpy=;Ffshy; ,jj; kpH;ehlo; y; j=f; SfF; ,ila{W Vwg; ll; jh> ŒŒ ntj=;fis gapdw; tu; ey;byhGff; jj; py; jtwpdhuh> ŒŒ jtKk; jUkKk; RU=f; panjh> ŒŒ ,y;ywKk; JwtwKk; jj;jk; bewpapy; ,Ue;J jtwpdnth> ? vkJ je;ijna ahd; mwpnad; vdW; Fnyr ghzo; ad; ,iwtdplk; tpdtpdhd.; 2. ``gpiHjj; dnth ahd; mwpnad; ve;jha~; ~ ? ,l+R; l;og; bghUs; tpsf;fk; jUf. ,lk; Rl;ly:; bgupagu[ hzk; jpU Mytha;f; fhzl; jj; py;/ ,ilf;fhld; gpzf;Fj; jPu;j;j glyj;jpy; Fnyr ghz;oad; ,iwtdplk; tpdtpdhd.; bghUs; tpsf;fk:; ,iwtnd/ vd;dhy/; vd; gilfshy;/ vd; giftuhy/; fst; uhy/; fhl;oy; css; tpy=F; fshy; ,jj; kpH;ehl;oy; j=f; Sf;F ,ila{W Vw;gll; jh> ntj=f; is gapdw; tu; ey;byhGff; jj; py; jtwpdhuh> jtKk; jUkKk; RU=f; panjh> ,y;ywKk; JwtwKk; jjj; k; bewpapy; ,UeJ; jtwpdnth> vkJ jei; jna ahd; mwpand; vdW; ghz;oad; ,iwtdplk; tpdtpdhd.; ,ay; 5 3. ``rpwpnahu; Fww; k; bghWgg; J bgUikadn; wh vzz; pa bgupnahuf; F; ~~ ? ,l+R; l;og; bghUs; tpsff; k; jUf. ,lk; Rl;ly:; bgupag[uhzk; jpU Mytha;f; fhz;ljj; py;/ ,ilf;fhld; gpzf;Fj; jPuj; ;j glyjj; py; Fnyr ghzo; ad; ,iwtdplk; tpdtpdhd.; bghUs; tpsf;fk:; thdpypUe;J xypj;j ,iwtdpd; brhy; nfl;Lg; ghzo; ad;/ ``ghu;tjp njtpia xU ghfj;jpy;bfhz;lgukb; ghUns/g[z;zpand/rpwpatu;fspd;Fww; k;bghWg;gJbgupatUf;Fg; bgUikay;yth>~~ vdW; jd; Fww; j;ijg; bghWff; ntz;odhu;. fwg; it fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 110 1. ,ilf;fhld; gpzf;Fj; juP j; ;j glyji; j ehlfkhff; p tFgg; py; eojJ; f; fhl;Lf. ehlfk; ,ilf;fhld; gpzf;Fj; jPu;j;j glyk; ehlfkhej; u; ,ilff; hldhu; / Fnyrghzo; ad;/ ,iwtd; (rptd); / fgpyu.; epfHplk; ghz;oaehL ,ilff; hldhu; : kd;dh/ thHf; - ehd; fgpydpd; ezg; d;. ehd; ,aww; pa ghliy c=;fs; Kd; ghl tpUkg; f[ pd;nwd.; Fnyrghzo; ad; : (fu;tjn; jhLk); ghLk;. (,ilff; hldhu; ghliyg; ghLfpd;whu;) www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 203 ,ilf;fhldhu; : (,iwtdplk; Kiwaply); ,iwth- ghzo; ad; vd; ghliyg; bghUlg; Lj;jhky; ck;ikak[ ; ghut; jpnjtpiaak[ ; mtkjpj;jhd.; ,iwtd ; : fgpyUff; hftk[ ; ,ilff; hldhUff; hft[k;/ ,e;jf; nfhtpiy tplL; r; bry;fpd;nwd;. (,iwtd; nfhtpiy tpl;L btspnawy); Fnyrghzo; ad; : ,iwtnd- vdd; hy/; vd; gilfshy/; vd; giftuhy/; fst; uhy/; fhlo; y; cs;s tpy=F; fshy; j=;fSfF; ,ila{W Vw;gll; jh> ntj=;fisg; gapd;wtu; ey;byhGff; jj; py; jtwpdhuh> jtKk; jUkKk; RU=;fpanjh> ,y;ywKk; JwtwKk; jj;jk; bewpapy; ,Ue;J jtwpdnth> vkJ jei; jna ahd; mwpnad.; ,iwtd; : ,ilf;fhldhu; ghliy ,fH;ej; Fww; k; jtpu ntW Fw;wk; ,y;iy. ,ilf;fhldhu; kPJ bfhz;l mdg; hy; ,=;F te;njhk.; Fnyrghzo; ad; : ghut; jpnjtpia xU ghfj;jpy; bfhzl; guk;bghUns/ gz[ z; pand/ rpwpatuf; spd; Fww; k; bghWg;gJ bgupatUf;Fg; bgUikay;yth>vd; Fw;wj;ijg; bghWff; . (gy[ tu;fis xgg; id bra;J bghd; ,Ufi; fapy; mku itjj; y;) Fnyrghz;oad; : gy[ tu;fns vd;id kd;dpa[k;. ,ilf;fhldhUfF; r; braj; Fw;wj;ijg; bghWf;f . fgpyu; kwW; k; ,ilf;fhldhu; : kdd; h- ePu; Twpa mKjk; nghdw; Fspu;ej; brhyy; hy; v=f; s; rpdkhd jP jzpej; J.  ,ay; 5 www.tnpscjob.com

204 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; fy;tp tpupthdk; 5 gj[ pa ek;gpf;if ? fkyhyad; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; beLtpdh ,ay; 5 1. fwi; f ed;nw fw;if edn; w gpri; r gf[ pDk; fwi; f edn; w ? vd;fpwJ btww; pntw;if. nkupaplk; ,UeJ; gwpff; g;gll; gj[ ;jfk;/ mrr; pWkpapd; thH;fi; fapy; fy;tpr; Rliu Vww; pa fijiag; gww; pa c=f; spd; fUj;Jfis tptupf;f. Fwpgg; r[ ; rll; k; KdD; iu ,sik thHf; i; f nkupf;F Vwg; ll; mtkhdk; nkupapd; Vff; k; je;ijapd; mwpti[ u nkupapd; jdd; k;gpfi; f gll; kspg;g[ tpHh nkw;gogg; [ gj[ panjhu; gazk; Cnu TLjy; Koti[ u KdD; iu : tuyhww; py; kdpju;fs; tUfpwhuf; s.; rpyu; tuyhwhfnt thHf; pwhu;fs;. me;j tifapy; fy;tp mwptww; / ,Ul;r@fjj; py; xwi; wr; Rluha; gpwe;J Xuhapuk; Rlu;fis Vw;wp/ nkup bkf;ypnahl; bgj;a{d; fijiag; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhzn; ghk;. ,sik thH;fi; f : nkup jd; jha; je;ijnahL gUj;jpf; fhlo; y; ntiy bra;a[k; fy;tp mwptw;w ciHfF; k; FLk;gk.; mr;NHypYk; nkup jdf;bfd;w jdp ghij tFg;ghs;. mJ/ vJthfpDk; jhd; Kjypy; ghuf; f; ntzL; k; vd Mirg;gLths.; nkupfF; Vw;gll; mtkhdk;: nkupxUehs;jha[ld;tpy;rd;tPl;ow;Fr;bry;fpwhs;.m=;Ff;FHe;ijfs;tpisahLtijf; fz;L tpagg; [ww; hYk; mts; fzf; s; m=;F ,Uej; gj[ j; fjj; pd; kPnj brd;wJ. xU g[jj; fj;ij vLjJ; g; g[ul;og; ghu;ff; pdw; nghJ tpy;rdpd; ,isa kfs; gj[ ;jfji; j btLfb; fd;W gpL=;fp cdd; hy; gof;fKoahJ vd;W Twpdhs.; mej; thuj; i; j mts; kdijf; fpHpj;jJ. clnd tPli; l tplL; btspnawpdhs;. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 205 nkupapd; Vf;fk; : ,ay; 5 tpy;rdpd; tPlo; y; ele;j mtkhd=f; is vzz; p fz;zPu; tojJ; j; jd; je;ijaplk; ehd; goff; ntz;Lk.; gojj; hyj; hd; ,rr; @fk; kjpfF; k; vd;W TWfpwhs.; jei; japd; mwpt[iu : nkup ehk; gss; pr; bryy; KoahJ. ekf;bfdW; jdpahfg; gs;spfT; lk; ,y;iy. btspa{upy; gs;spapy; bts;isff; huuf; s; gofF; k; gs;spjhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjpYk; eki; kr; nruf; f; khl;lhuf; s; vdw; hu.; nkupapd; jdd; k;gpfi; f: gjpbdhU taJ epukg; pa nkup tayf; hl;oypUeJ; gUjj; p@li; liar; Rke;Jbfhz;L tPlo; wF; te;jhs.; mg;nghJ tPl;oy; Kdg; pd; mwpKfk; ,yy; hj bgz; jdi; d mwpKfk; braJ; bfhz;L/ eP goff; ntz;Lk;\" cd; ntiyfis KojJ; fb; fhz;L rPf;fpuk; tuntzL; k; vd;whu.; nkupf;F eh vHtpyi; y/ thailj;J epd;W thrpff; g; gw[ gg; l;lhs\"; goff; j; bjhl=;fpdhs;. g[jpJ g[jpjhf fww; hs;. jd; ghijia bkyy; bky;y cau;jj; pdhs.; ,Wjp tFg;g[ goj;J/ rhdw; pjH; bgww; hs.; gll; kspg;g[ tpHh : njhyt; pna btww; pfF; Kjy;go vdg; ij czue; ;j nkup/ tpyr; dpd; ,isa kfs; vd;id mtkjpf;fh tpl;lhy; ,ej; Cf;fk; fpilj;jpUff; hJ. mrr; pWkpapd; bray; vdf;F neuplhtpl;lhy; ,e;j tpUJ bgw ,ayhJ vdW; vz;zp bgUkpjk; milej; nkupfF; vGj gof;fj; bjupak[ ; vdg; gll; k; mspj;Jr; rpwgg; pjj; J. nkw;gogg; [ : gll; kspg;g[ tpHhtpdn; ghJ tpyr; d; njhspy; nkupia mizj;J `eP vdfF; vd;d braa; g; nghfpwha~; vdw; hu;. ``kp!; ehd; nkYk; gof;f tpUk;gf[ pnwd;~~ vdw; hu;. Mdhy; miyflypy; mfgg; l;l fgg; y; fiunru ,ayhj epiynghy; ,Ue;jhs;. g[jpanjhu; gazk; : kPzL; k; jd; gzpapidg; gUjj; pf;fhl;oy; bjhl=f; pdhuf; s.; mg;nghJ kp!; tpy;rd; m=F; te;J/ bts;isff; hug; bgzk; zp xU fUg;gpd FHei; japd; gog;gpwf; hf gzk; mDgg; p ,Uff; pwhu;. mijg; bgWtjwF; upa Mshf ePjhd; nju;e;bjLf;fgg; lo; Uff; pwha.; eP nky;gogg; pwf; hf lt[DfF; g; nghfntz;Lk; jahuhF vd;whu; nkupaplk.; Cnu TLjy; : nkup nkyg; og;gpw;Fr; bry;y bjhlut; zo; epiyajj; py; Cnu xdW; ToaJ. midtUk; Fli; g nkup/ Fl;ig btw;wp cz;lhfl;Lk; vd;W thH;j;jp tpil bfhLjj; du;. Kot[iu: rhjhuzg; bgzz; hfg; gpweJ; rhjidg; bgz;zhf khwpaJ nkupapd; thHt; .[ nkYk;/ rKjhaj;jpd; mwpahik ,Uisg; nghff; njhdw; pa nkupn$dd; pd; thHt; pay; epfH;tf[ isg; nghy ehKk; mtkhd=f; is btFkhdkhf khww; Kawr; pg;nghk.; ``fw;if edn; w fwi; f edn; w gpri; r g[fpDk; fwi; f edn; w~~ vd;gjid czu;nthk;- btww; p bgWnthk;-- www.tnpscjob.com

206 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. `cdfF; g; gof;fj; bjupahJ~ vd;W cs;sjj; py; bgw;w mo nkup bkf;ypnahl; bgja; {d; __________ cUthff; plf; fhuzkhdJ. m) Fgi; g bfhl;Lk; ,lj;jpy; xU gs;spia M) bjUKidapy; xU fyY; }upia ,) kff; s; TLkpljj; py; xU rKjhaf; Tlj;ij <) fpuhkjj; py; ViH khztuf; Sf;fhd gs;spia  [tpil: m) Fg;ig bfhlL; k; ,lj;jpy; xU gss; pia] 2. nkup bkfy; pnahl; bgj;a{d; Fg;ig bfhlL; k; ,lj;jpy; xU gs;spia cUthff; pl gzk; nru;j;j tpj=f; s; __________. i) rikay; bra;J ii) njhll; kplL; iii) bghJ ,l=;fspy; ghlL; g; gho iv) gpri; rbaLj;J m) i, ii, iii - rup M) ii, iii, iv - rup ,) ehd;Fk; rup <) iii - kl;Lk; rup [tpil: m) i, ii, iii - rup] 3. mbkupf;f fWg;gpdg; bgz;kzp nkup bkf;ypnahl; bgj;a{d; __________ r@f=;fspd; xU Fuyhf ,Ue;jtu.; m) cybf=F; k; @iy KLf;Ffspy; css; xLf;fgg; l;l/ fy;tp kWf;fg;gl;l M) iftplgg; l;l/ nehat; ha;g;gl;l ,) kWkzk; kWf;fg;gll; <) ciHfF; k;  [tpil: m) cybf=F; k; @iy KLf;Ffspy; css; xLff; gg; l;l/ fyt; p kWff; g;gl;l] ,ay; 5 4. nkup bkf;ypnahl; bgja; {d; vdD; k; mbkupf;ff; fyt; pahsupd;/ thHf; i; fia `cdfF; g; gof;fj; bjupahJ~ vd;w jiygg; py; E}yhfg; giljj; tu; __________. m) mfpyd ; M) fkyhyad; ,) fPjhyad; <) b$afhej; d; [tpil: M) fkyhyad]; 5. bfhw;if vd;Dk; Cu; mike;Jss; khtl;lk; __________. m) jpUbeyn; typ M) kJiu ,) J}j;Jf;Fo <) Fkup [tpil: ,) J}j;Jf;Fo] 6. ``bfhw;iff; nfhkhd; bfhwi; fak; bgUeJ; iw~~ vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y; __________. m) mfehD}W M) g[wehD}W ,) I=;FWE}W <) eww; piz [tpil: ,) I=;FWE}W] fwg; it fww; gpd; gf;fk;: 116 1. fyt; p tha;gg; ww; NHypy; xwi; wr; Rluhf te;J xspnaw;wpdhu; nkup bkfy; pnahl; bgj;a{d;/ mJnghyj; jkpHfj;jpy; fyt; p thag; g; ww; tu;fspd; thH;tpy; KjwR; lu; Vww; patu;fSs; ahnuDk; xUtu; Fwpjj; braj; pfisj; bjhFjJ; r; rpy gl=f; Sld; FWkg; j[ j; fk; xdi; wf; FGthf cUthfF; f. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 207 ,sik: ŒŒ 20.5.1845y; nfhit murkg; hisaj;jpy; gpwe;jhu.; ŒŒ ,aw;bgau; : fhj;jtuhad; ŒŒ je;ij : fej; rhkp ŒŒ j d; Mrpupau; kPJs;sgw;wpd; fhuzkhf mtu; bgauhfpa mnahj;jpjhru; vd;gijj; jd; bgauhf khw;wpfb; fhzl; hu.; fy;tpg; gzp: jhH;j;jgg; l;l FHei; jfSf;Ff; fyt; p kWff; gg; ll; fhyjj; py; mnahj;jpjhru; mnahj;jpjhru; gpukk; +hd rig My;fhl; bjhlug; hy/; brd;idapy; Kf;fpakhd IeJ; ,l=;fspy; g+r; ku; gss; pfs; vdj; jhH;j;jgg; l;l kff; SfF; ,ytrg; gs;spfis epWtp rpwe;j fyt; papid tH=;fpdhu;. r@fgg; zp: jhHj; ;jgg; l;l kf;fSf;F mUkg; hLgll; tu.; jhH;j;jg;gl;l kf;fSfF; f; fy;tp trjpnahL fyt; p cjtpjb; jhif fpilf;ft[k; Vwg; hL bra;jhu;. fy;tpapy; njur; ;rp bgw;w jhHj; ;jg;gl;l kf;fSfF; muR ntiya[k; css; hlr; p mikg;g[fspy; tha;gg; [k; tH=f; r; braj; hu;. gilgg; [fs:; g[j;juJ Mjpntjk/; jpUthrf ciu/ xUigrhj; jkpHd; ,jH;. 2. fyt; pf; fz; jpwej; tuf; Sf;fpilapy; iftplg;gll; bgzf; Sf;fhf ciHj;j jkpHfjj; pd; Kjy; bgz; kUj;Jtu; KjJ; bylR; kp gw;wpa xU bjhFg;ngl;oid cUthf;fp tFgg; iwapy; fhlr; pgg; Lj;Jf. ,sikgg; Utk;: bgz;Qupik KHf;fk;: ,ay; 5 g J[ fn; fhl;il jpUf;nfhfuz; k;  1926y; mfpy ,e;jpa bgz;fs; vdw; ,ljj; py; 1886y; gpwej; hu.; khehlo; y; Mz;fSf;F epfuhfg; bgz;fs; Kd;ndw ntz;Lk;. bgw;nwhu; : bgz;fis moikfshf elj;Jk; ehuhazrhkp ? re;jpuhk;ghs; tHff; k; xHpa ntz;Lk; vdW; KHf;fk; bra;jhu;. rpwgg; :[ r@fg; gzp: ŒŒ, e;jpag;bgz;fs; r=;fjj; pd; ŒŒnjtjhrpKiw xHpgg; [/ Kjy; jiytu.; ŒŒ,Ujhuj; jilr;rl;lk;/ ŒŒbgzf; SfF; r; brhjJ; upikr; rl;lk/; ŒŒrll; kd;wjJ; fF; j; ŒŒFHe;ijj; jpUkzj; jilr;rl;lk;. nju;eb; jLf;fgg; l;lKjy; bgzk; zp.  www.tnpscjob.com

208 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; fyt; p fw;fz;L 5 tpdh/ tpil tiffs;/ bghUs;nfhs; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. ``,=;F efug; ngUe;J epw;Fkh>~~ vdW; tHpg;nghf;fu; nfl;lJ __________ tpdh. `mnjh m=;nf epw;Fk;~ vd;W kw;bwhUtu; TwpaJ __________ tpil. m) Iatpdh/ tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy; M) mwptpdh/ kiwtpil ,) mwpahtpdh/ Rl;Ltpil <) bfhsy; tpdh/ ,dbkhHp tpil  [tpil: ,) mwpahtpdh/ RlL; tpil] FWtpdh ,ay; 5 1. ,e;j miw ,Ull; hf ,Uff; pwJ. kpd;tpsff; pd; brhLf;fp vej; g;gff; k; ,Uff; pwJ> ,njh. ,Uf;fpwJ- brhLff; piag; nghll; hYk; btsprr; k; tutpyi; yna- kpd;rhuk; ,Uff; pwjh/ ,y;iyah> nkwf; zl; ciuahlypy; cs;s tpdhff; spd; tiffis vLj;bjGJf. tpil: m) kpd;tpsf;fpd; brhLff; p ve;jgg; f;fk; ,Uf;fpwJ> ? mwpahtpdh M) ,njh.... ,Uff; pwnj- ? RlL; tpil ,) brhLf;fpiag; nghll; hYk; btsprr; k; tutpy;iyna- kpdr; huk; ,Uf;fpwjh/ ,yi; yah> ? Iatpdh rpWtpdh 1. Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk; Kaw;wpd;ik ,d;ik g[Fj;jp tpLk.; ,f;Fwlg; htpy; mike;Js;s bghUs;nfhspd; tifiar; Rl;o tpsfF; f. ,g;ghlypy; mikeJ; ss; bghUsn; fhs; Mw;WePu;g; bghUsn; fhs.; bghUsn; fhs; ,yff; zk;: ghlypd; bjhlf;fk; Kjy; Kot[ tiu MwW; ePupd; nghf;ifg; nghy neuhfnt bghUs; bfhs;SkhW mikjy; Mw;WePu;g; bghUs;nfhs.; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 209 bghUsn; fhs; tpsf;fk; : ,g;ghlypy; Kaw;rp bryt; j;ijj; jUk;\" Kawr; p braa; hik tWikiaj; jUk; vdW; ghlypd; bjhlf;fk; Kjy; Kot[ tiu neuhfg; bghUs; bfhs;Sk; Kiwapy; mikej; pUgg; jhy; ,J Mw;W ePu;g;bghUs;nfhs; MapwW; . TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. jhd; mwpahj xd;iw mwpeJ; bfhs;tjw;fhf tpdtt[ J __________. m) mwptpdh M) mwpahtpdh ,) Iatpdh <) Vty; tpdh [tpil: M) mwpahtpdh] 2. gpwUfF; g; bghUisf; bfhLjJ; cjtk[ ; bghUl;L tpdtt[ J __________. m) Vty; tpdh M) bfhsy; tpdh ,) Ia tpdh <) bfhil tpdh [tpil: <) bfhil tpdh] 3. khl;nld; vdW; kWgg; ij Vtj[ yhff; TWk; tpil __________. m) kiwtpil M) ,dbkhHptpil ,) neu;tpil <) Vtyt; pil [tpil: <) Vty;tpil] 4. tpdhtpwF; tpilahf ,dpnky; neut; ijf; TWtJ __________. m) cWtJ Twy; tpil M) cw;wJ ciwj;jy; tpil ,) ,dbkhHp tpil <) tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy; tpil  [tpil: m) cWtJ Twy; tpil] 5. cldg; l;Lf; TWk; tpil __________. m) Rl;Ltpil M) kiwtpil ,ay; 5 ,) neut; pil <) Vtyt; pil [tpil: ,) neu;tpil] 6. tpdhtpw;F tpdhit jpUk;gf; nfl;gJ __________. m) Vty; tpil M) tpdh vjput; pdhjy; tpil ,) kiwtpil <) neut; pdh [tpil: M) tpdh vjpu;tpdhjy; tpil] 7. kWj;Jf; TWk; tpil __________. m) Rl;L tpil M) kiwtpil ,) Vty;tpil <) neu; tpil [tpil: M) kiwtpil] 8. Mljb; jupa[kh vd;w tpdhtpwF; g; ghljb; jupak[ ; vdW; TWtJ __________. m) tpdhvjpu; tpdhjy; M) cww; J ciuj;jy; ,) cWtJ Twy ; <) ,dbkhHp tpil [tpil: <) ,dbkhHp tpil] 9. CUf;F tUthah> vd;w tpdhtpw;F tuhky; ,Ugn; gdh> vd;W TWtJ vd;d tpil> m) tpdhvjpu; tpdhjy; tpil M) cww; J ciuj;jy; tpil ,) cWtJ Twy; tpil <) ,dbkhHp tpil [tpil: m) tpdhvjpu; tpdhjy; tpil] www.tnpscjob.com

210 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 10. Mrpupau; khztdplk; ,g;ghlypd; bghUs; ahJ> m) mwptpdh M) Iatpdh ,) mwpahtpdh <) bfhsy;tpdh [tpil: m) mwptpdh] 11. khztd; Mrpupauplk; ,gg; hlypd; bghUs; ahJ vd tpdt[tJ __________. m) mwptpdh M) mwpahtpdh ,) Iatpdh <) Vty;tpdh [tpil: M) mwpahtpdh] 12. ,rb; raiyr; bra;jJ k=i; fah> kzpnkfiyah> m) mwptpdh M) mwpahtpdh ,) Iatpdh <) Vty;tpdh [tpil: ,) Iatpdh] 13. Iak; e=P ;fpj; bjspt[ bgWtjw;fhff; nflf; gLtJ __________. m) mwptpdh M) mwpahtpdh ,) Iatpdh <) Vty;tpdh [tpil: ,) Iatpdh] 14. tpdh __________ tifg;gLk.; m) ehd;F M) Ie;J ,) MW <) VG [tpil: ,) MW] 15. `vdd; plk; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs; ,uzL; gofs; css; d. cdd; plk; ghujpjhrdpd; ftpijfs; ,Uff; pwjh~> vd;W bfhLgg; jwf; hf tpdtt[ J __________. m) bfhsy; tpdh M) Ia tpdh ,) bfhil tpdh <) Vty; tpdh [tpil: ,) bfhil tpdh] 16. ``tPlo; y; jf;fhsp ,y;iy/ eP filf;Fr; bryf; pwhah> vdW; mff; h jk;gpaplk; tpdtp ntiyiar; brhyt; J m) Iatpdh M) mwpahtpdh ,) bfhsy; tpdh <) Vty; tpdh [tpil: <) Vty; tpdh] ,ay; 5 17. tpil __________ tifgg; Lk;. m) MW M) VG ,) vl;L <) xd;gJ [tpil: ,) vl;L] 18. btspg;gil tpilfspy; bghUe;jhjijf; fz;lwpf. m) RlL; tpil M) kiw tpil ,) neu; tpil <) Vty; tpil [tpil: <) Vty; tpil] 19. neuo tpilfshf ,UfF; k; btspgg; il tpilfs; vjj; id> m) @dW; M) ehd;F ,) IeJ; <) MW [tpil: m) @d;W] 20. Fwpg;g[ tpilfshf ,Uf;Fk; Fwpg;g[ tpilfs; vjj; id> m) @dW; M) ehd;F ,) Ie;J <) MW [tpil: ,) Ie;J] 21. Fwpg;g[ tpilfspy; bghUe;jhjijf; fzl; wpf. m) neu; tpil M) Vty; tpil ,) cWtJ Twy ; <) ,dbkhHp [tpil: m) neu; tpil] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 211 22. bra;a[spy; brhw;fisg; bghUSfF; Vww; thW nru;j;njh khw;wpnah bghUs; bfhsS; k; Kiwf;F __________ vdW; bgau;. m) bghUsn; fhs ; M) tHhepiy ,) mzp <) tGtikjp [tpil: m) bghUsn; fhs]; 23. bghUs;nfhs; __________ tifgg; Lk;. m) 6 M) 7 ,) 8 <) 9 [tpil: ,) 8] 24. ghlypd; bjhlf;fk; Kjy; Kot[ tiu neuhfnt bghUs; bfhs;SkhW miktJ __________ MFk.; m) MwW; ePug; ; bghUsn; fhs; M) epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs; ,) bfhz;L Tl;Lg; bghUsn; fhs; <) bkhHpkhw;Wg; bghUsn; fhs; [tpil: m) Mw;W euP ;g; bghUsn; fhs]; 25. xU bra;as[ py; brhwf; s; Kiwna gpwHhky; epuy; epiwahf mike;J tUtJ __________. m) epuy; epiwg; bghUsn; fhs ; M) tpw;g{lL; g; bghUsn; fhs; ,) MwW; ePug; ; bghUs;nfhs ; <) bkhHpkhwW; g; bghUsn; fhs; [tpil: m) epuy; epiwg; bghUsn; fhs]; 26. epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs; __________ tifg;gLk;. m) ,U M) @dW; ,) ehdF; <) MW [tpil: m) ,U] 27. bra;a[spy; vGthahf mika[k; bgau;rb; rhw;fis myy; J tpidr; brhwf; is tupirahf epWj;jp/ mit VwF; k; gadpiyfisak[ ; mtt; upirgg; ona epWj;jpg; bghUs; bfhs;Sjy; __________ MFk;. m) tpw;g{l;Lg; bghUsn; fhs; ,ay; 5 M) Kiw epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs; ,) vjpu; epuy; epiwg; bghUsn; fhs; <) bkhHpkhwW; g; bghUsn; fhs; [tpil: M) Kiw epuy; epiwg; bghUsn; fhs]; 28. braa; [spy; vGthaf; is tupirgg; Ljj; p mit VwF; k; gadpiyfis vjpu; vjpuhff; bfhzL; bghUs; bfhs;Sjy; __________ MFk.; m) tpwg; {lL; g; bghUsn; fhs; M) Kiw epuy; epiwg; bghUsn; fhs; ,) vjpu; epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs; <) bkhHpkhwW; g; bghUsn; fhs; [tpil: ,) vjpu; epuy; epiwg; bghUsn; fhs]; 29. xU bra;a[spy; gy mofspy; rpjwpf; fplfF; k; brhw;fisg; bghUSf;F Vww; thW xdn; whblhdW; Tlo; g; bghUs; bfhst; J __________ MFk.; m) bfhzL; TlL; g; bghUs;nfhs; M) MwW; ePug; ; bghUs;nfhs; ,) bkhHpkhw;Wg; bghUsn; fhs; <) epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs; [tpil: m) bfhz;L TlL; g; bghUsn; fhs]; www.tnpscjob.com

212 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ FWtpdh ,ay; 5 1. tpdh vjj; id tifg;gLk; mit ahit> mwptpdh/ mwpahtpdh/ Iatpdh/ bfhsy; tpdh/ bfhil tpdh/ Vty; tpdh/ vdW; tpdh MW tifgg; Lk; 2. mwptpdh vd;why; vd;d> jhd; tpil mwpej; pUe;Jk;/ mt;tpil gpwUfF; j; bjupa[kh vdg; ij mwpa[k; bghUl;L tpdtt[ J mwptpdh vdg;gLk;. rhdW; : khztuplk; `,e;jf; ftpijapd; bghUs; ahJ>~ vd;W Mrpupau; nfl;ly;. 3. mwpah tpdh vdw; hy; vdd; > jhd; mwpahj xd;iw mwpeJ; bfhst; jwf; hf tpdt[tJ mwpah tpdh MFk;. rhdW; : Mrpupauplk; `,ej; f; ftpijapd; bghUs; ahJ>~ vd;W khztd; nfl;gJ. 4. Ia tpdh vdw; hy; vdd; > Iak; eP=f; pj; bjspt[ bgWtjw;fhff; nflf; g;gLtJ Ia tpdh MFk.; rhd;W: ,g;glji; j tiue;jJ k=;ifah> kzpnkfiyah> vd tpdt[jy.; 5. bfhsy; tpdh vdw; hy; vdd; > jhd; xU bghUis th=f; pf; bfhs;Sk; bghUlL; tpdtt[ J bfhsyt; pdh vdgg; Lk.; rhdW; : gjj; hk; tFg;g[ jkpH; g[jj; fk; ,Uf;fpwjh> vdW; filf;fhuuplk; tpdt[tJ. 6. bfhil tpdh vdw; hy; vd;d> gpwUf;F xU bghUisf; bfhLjJ; cjtk[ ; bghUl;L tpdtt[ J bfhil tpdh vdg;gLk;. rhd;W: v dd; plk; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs; ,uzL; gofs; css; d. cdd; plk; ghujpjhrdpd; ftpijfs; ,Uf;fpwjh> vd;W bfhLgg; jw;fhf tpdtj[ y.; 7. Vty; tpdh vd;why; vd;d> xU braiyr; bra;a[khW tpdtt[ J Vty; tpdh vdg;gLk.; rhd;W: t Plo; y; jf;fhsp ,yi; y eP filf;Fr; bryf; pwhah> vd;W mf;fh jkg; paplk; tpdtp ntiyia brhy;Yjy;. 8. tpil vjj; id tifgg; Lk>; mit ahit> RlL; tpil/ kiw tpil/ neu; tpil/ Vty; tpil/ tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy; tpil/ cww; J ciujj; y; tpil/ cWtJ Twy; tpil/ ,dbkhHp tpil/ vd;W tpil vl;L tifg;gLk.; 9. btspg;gil tpilfs; vj;jid tif> mit ahit> RlL; tpil/ kiw tpil/ neu; tpil Mfpa @d;Wk; neuo tpilfshf ,Ug;gjhy; mit btspgg; il tpilfs; MFk.; 10. Fwpg;g[ tpilfs; vj;jid> mit ahit> Vty; tpil/ tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy; tpil/ cww; J ciujj; y; tpil/ cWtJ Twy; tpil/ ,dbkhHp tpil/ Mfpa Ie;J tpilfSk; Fwpg;ghf tpilia czuj; ;Jtjhy; ,it Fwpgg; [ tpilfshFk;. 11. RlL; tpilia tptup. `filj;bjU v=F; cs;sJ>~ vd;w tpdhtpwF; `tyg;gf;fjj; py; cs;sJ~ vd;W Rl;of; fhlL; k; tpil RlL; tpil vdgg; Lk.; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 213 12. kiw tpil vdw; hy; vd;d> `filf;Fg; nghthah>~ vd;w tpdhtpw;Fg; `nghfkhln; ld~; vd kWj;Jf; TWtJ kiwtpil vdg;gLk;. 13. neu; tpil vdw; hy; vd;d> `filfF; g; nghthah>~ vd;w tpdhtpw;Fg; `nghntd~; vd;W cldg; lL; tpilaspg;gJ neut; pil vdg;gLk; 14. Vty; tpil vdw; hy; vdd; > `,J bra;thah>~ vdw; tpdhtpwF; `ePna bra~; vdW; khln; ld; vd;W kWgg; ij Vtj[ yhff; TWk; tpil Vty; tpil vdg;gLk;. 15. tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy; tpil vdw; hy; vdd; > tpdhtpwF; tpilahf ,d;bdhU tpdhitf; nflg; J tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy; tpil MFk;. rhdW; : vd;Dld; CUfF; tUthah> vd;w tpdhtpw;F tuhky; ,Ug;ngdh vdW; TWtJ. 16. cww; J ciuj;jy; tpiliaf; TWf. `eP tpisahltpy;iyah>~ vdw; tpdhtpw;Ff; `fhy; typf;fpwJ~ vdW; Vwf; dnt neue; j; ij tpilahff; TWtJ cw;wJ ciujj; y; tpil vdgg; Lk.; 17. cWtJ Twy; tpil vdw; hy; vdd; > `eP tpisahltpy;iyah>~ vdw; tpdhtpw;Ff; `fhy; typfF; k~; vd;W ,dpnky; neu;tij tpilahff; TWtJ cWtJ Twy; vdgg; Lk.; 18. ,dbkhHp tpil vd;why; vd;d> `cdf;Ff; fij vGjj; bjupak[ h>~ vdw; tpdhtpwF; f; `fl;Liu vGjj; bjupa[k~; vdW; mjw;F ,dkhd kw;bwhd;iw tpilahff; TWtJ ,dbkhHptpil vdg;gLk;. 19. bghUsn; fhs; vd;why; vdd; > ,ay; 5 bra;as[ py; brhw;fisg; bghUSfF; Vww; thW nruj; n; jh khw;wpnah bghUs; bfhs;Sk; KiwfF; g; bghUs;nfhs; vdW; bgau;. 20. bghUs;nfhs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;. mit ahit> bghUs; nfhs; vl;L tifg;gLk;. mit: ŒŒ Mw;WePug; ; bghUs;nfhs ;  jhgg; pirg; bghUs;nfhs; ŒŒ bkhHpkhw;Wg; bghUs;nfhs;  miskwp ghgg; [g; bghUsn; fhs; ŒŒ epuy; epiwg; bghUsn; fhs ;  bfhz;L Tl;Lg; bghUsn; fhs; ŒŒ tpw;g{l;Lg; bghUs;nfhs ;  mokwp khwW; g; bghUsn; fhs.; rpWtpdh 1. Kiwepuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhis tptupf;f. bghUsn; fhs; ,yff; zk:; braa; [spy; vGthahf mika[k; bgau;rb; rhw;fis myy; J tpidr; brhw;fis tupirahf epWjj; p mit VwF; k; gadpiyfisak[ ; mtt; upirg;gona epWjj; pg; bghUs; bfhsS; jy; ``Kiw epuy; epiwg; bghUs;nfhs~; ~ MFk.; rhdW; : mdg; [k; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,yt; hHf; i; f gzg; k[ ; gaDk; mJ. (Fws); www.tnpscjob.com

214 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ tpsff; k:; ,yt; hHf; ;if md;gk[ ; mwDk; cilajhf tps=;Fkhdhy; mej; thH;f;if gz;g[k; gaDk; cilajhf mikak[ .; ,fF; wspy; gzg; /[ gad; ,Ubrhw;fis tupirg;gLjj; p mtww; pd; tpist[fshf mdg; [ mwd; vd;W tupirg;gLjj; pas[ s; hu.; ,y;thH;f;ifapd; gz;g/[ md;g[ vd;Wk/; mjd; gad; mwd; vd;Wk; bghUsb; fhss; ntz;Lk.; mdg; [fF; ? gz;gk[ /; mwj;JfF; ? gad; vdW; epuy; epiuahf epWjj; pg; bghUs; bfhs;tjhy; ``Kiw epuy; epiwg; bghUsn; fhs~; ~ MFk.; 2. vjpu; epuye; piwg; bghUs;nfhis tptupff; . bghUs;nfhs; ,yff; zk:; bra;a[spy; vGtha;fis tupirg;gLjj; p mit VwF; k; gadpiyfis vjpu; vjpuhff; bfhz;L bghUs; bfhsS; jy; ``vjpu; epuye; piwg; bghUs;nfhs~; ~ MFk;. rhdW; : tpy=;bfhL kf;fs; midau; ,y=F; E}y; fw;nwhnuhL Vid atu ; (Fws); tpsf;fk;: kdpju;fSfF; k; tpy=;FfSf;Fkpilna vd;d ntw;Wiknah mnj mst[ ntwW; ik fw;wtUf;Fk;/ fyy; hjtUfF; k; ,ilna cz;L. ,gg; hlypy; tpy=F; kf;fs; vdw; vGthaf; is Kjy; moapy; tupirgg; l epWj;jp tplL; fww; hu/; fyy; hjtu; (Vid) vdw; gadpiyfis mLjj; tupirapy; epWj;jp tplL; g; bghUs; bfhsS; kn; ghJ fw;whu; kff; s; vd;Wk/; fy;yhjhu; tpy=;F vd;Wk; gadpiyfis vjpu; vjpuhf khww; pg; bghUs; bfhs;Sk; Kiw ``vjpu; epuye; piwg; bghUs;nfhs;~~ MFk;. fw;git fww; gpd; gf;fk:; 120 ,ay; 5 1. tpdh tifiaa[k; tpil tifiaa[k; RlL; f. ŒŒ ``fhkuhru; efu; v=n; f ,Uf;fpwJ>~~ ``,ej; tHpahfr; bryY; =f; s.; ~~ ? vd;W tpilaspg;gJ. fhkuhru; efu; v=n; f ,Uff; pwJ> mwpahtpdh `,ej; tHpahfr; bryY; =f; s; ~ vdW; tpilaspgg; J. Rl;Ltpil ŒŒ ``vdfF; vGjpj; jUfpwhah>~~ vd;w tpdhtf[ ;F/ ``vdfF; ahu; vGjpj; jUthu;fs>; ~~ vdW; tpilaspgg; J. vdfF; ahu; vGjpj;jUthuf; s; vdW; tpilaspg;gJ. tpdh vjput; pdhjy; 2. ciuahlypy; ,lk; bgwW; ss; tpdhtpil tiffisf; fz;L vGJf. ghkfs ; : tzff; k; Mjpiu- Vnjh vGJfpwPuf; s; nghypUf;fpwnj> (mwpah tpdh) Mjpiu : Mkhk;- ftpau=f; j;JfF; f; ftpij vGjpf; bfhz;oUf;fpnwd.; (neu; tpil) ghkfs ; : mgg; oah- vd;d jiygg; [> (mwpah tpdh) Mjpiu : fy;tpapy; rpwfF; k; jkpHu-; (neu; tpil) eP=;fs; ftpau=f; j;JfF; vyy; hk; tUtPuf; sh> khlO; u;fsh> (Ia tpdh) ghkfs ; : Vd; tuhky>; (tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy;) www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 215 bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gff; k;: 123 bkhHpbgau;g;g[ M=;fpyr; brhw;fSf;F epfuhd jkpH;r; brhw;fisf; ftpijapy; fzL; vGJf. ahHpir It’s like new lute music Lute music - ahHpir Chamber - Tlk; miwf;Fs; ahHpir Wondering at the lute music at look up - vl;og; ghuj; n; jd; VbjdW; brdW; Coming from the chamber Grand daughter - ngjj; p vl;og; ghu;jn; jd; Entered I to look up to in still rote - bel;LU ngjj; p/ My grand-daughter didactic compilation - ePjpE}y; jpul;L belL; Ug; gz;zpdhs; Learning by rote the verses ePjpE}y; jpuli; lna. Of a didactic compilation ? ghujpjhrd; Translated by Kavignar Desini ml;ltizapy; tpLgll; ij vGJf. ntur; ; vGthaj; ; bgaburr; j; tpidbarr; j; tpspj; bjhlu; ntwW; ikj; brhy; bjhlu; bjhlu; bjhlu; bjhlu; mUzh XL mUzh Xoa mUzh Xo te;jhs; Xlhnj- mUzhtpw;fhf Xodhs; mkk; h Xodhs; brhdd; mk;kh brhyy; pr; epy;- brhy; mkk; h brdw; hu; munr jUf- fijiar; brhd;dhu; brhd;dhu; jej; muru; jeJ; brdw; hu; Jspnu jh murd; ghu-; je;jijf; jej; hu; ghu;jj; Jspu; ghu;jJ; r; FHe;ijna nfll; hu; ,ay; 5 te;j FHei; j rpupjj; hs; th- ghu; Jspu; ghuj; ;jhs; JspUld; te;J epd;whd; ghu;j;njd; th FHe;ij te;jJ FHei; jnahL te;jhd; b jhlu;fspy; cs;s vGthiar; brGik bra;f. flkg; tdji; j tpl;L ,iwtd; eP=f; pdhd; v.fh: mHfpa Fspu;e;j flk;gtdji; j tpl;L ,iwtd; eP=;fpdhd;. 1. kuj;ij tsug; ;gJ edi; k gafF; k; gadj; Uk; kuj;ij tsug; g; J edi; k gafF; k; 2. thHf; i; fg;gaznk ntWgll; ghl=;fisf; fw;Wj; jUfpwJ. ,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; epiwej; thH;fi; fg; gaznk ntWgl;l ghl=f; isf; fw;Wj; jUfpwJ. 3. fy;tpna xUtu;fF; cau;t[ jUk.; edb; dwpf; fyt; pna cau;t[ jUk.; 4. FHei; jfs; jdpj;jdpna vGjpj;ju ntzL; k;. gilg;gj[ j; pwd; kpff; FHe;ijfs; jdpj;jdpna vGjpj;ju ntzL; k;. www.tnpscjob.com

216 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; 5 kjpg;gi[ u vGJf. gs;sp Mz;LtpHh kyUf;fhf/ e=P ;fs; E}yfj;jpy; gojj; fij / fl;Liu / rpWfij /ftpij E}Yff; hd kjpg;g[iu vGJf. Fwpg;g[: E}ypd; jiygg; [ ? E}ypd; ikagb; ghUs; bkhHpeil btspgg; LjJ; k; fUj;J ? E}ypd; eak; ? E}y; fll; ikg;g[ ? rpwgg; f[ ; TW ? E}y; Mrpupau; E}ypd; jiygg; [ : rej; pj;jJk; rpe;jpjj; Jk; (fij) E}ypd; ikagb; ghUs;: thHt; py; xt;bthU ehSk; gytpjkhd kdpju;fisr; rej; pf;fpnwhk.; ehk; mtuf; splk; fwW; fb; fhz;l ghlk; vdd; vdg; nj ikagb; ghUs;. bkhHpeil: thrfu; thrpg;g[fF; Vww; eilapy; ,yFthd Kiwapy; M=f; py nkw;nfhSld; mike;j E}y;. bjspe;j ePnuhilapidg; nghy fijapd; brhwb; whlu;fs; bghUs; bjsptl[ d; bry;fpd;wJ. btspg;gLjJ; k; fUj;J: ek;ik tpaf;f/ tpk;k braf; pd;w tifapy; eki; k ehnk gupnrhjid bra;J/ J}z;Lk; tifapy; kdij cUf;Fk; tifapy; gjpt[ braJ; ss; hu;. khDlu;fs; ,di; wa epiyapy; vgg; o thHntz;Lk;> vjj; ifa g[upjy;fs; njit> jdd; k;gpfi; fa[k; Kaw;rpa[k; vtt; hW btww; p jUk>; Mfpa ewf; Uj;Jfis ,e;E}y; btspgg; LjJ; fpdw; J. E}ypd; eak:; gof;f tpWtpWgg; hf/ goj;jtl[ d; bjsptilak[ ; vJif/ nkhidnahL mike;Js;sJ. vspikahd brhwf; s/; vjhu;jj; khd fUjJ; fs;/ cdd; jkhd ePjpfs/; czut; hd rhdW; fs;/ rpe;jpff; itfF; k; czur; ;rpg; bgUfF; Mfpait E}ypd; eajj; pw;Fr; rhdw; hFk;. E}ypd; fl;likgg; :[ k=i; fau; kyupy; 50 flL; iufshf btspte;j E}y;. bkhjj; k; 200 gff; =;fisf; bfhzL; tp$ah gjpgg; fj;jhy; gjpf;fgg; ll; J. mHfpa rpej; idiaj; J}zL; k; mli; lg;glk/; ghu;itf;F vspa/ rpwg;ghd fl;likgg; [ bfhzl; J ,eE; }y;. rpwgg; [fT; W: ``Mnuhff; pakhd ghu;itnahL cyfj;ijg; ghu;jj; hy; mj;jid kdpjuf; Snk Rthurpaj;JfF; g; g+;rkpyy; hjtu;fs\"; czi; k ekfF; g; gu[ pa[k~; ~ vd;fpwhu; Mrpupau;. nkYk;/ ``jd;dk;gpfi; f ,Ue;jhy; nghJk; juzpiana Msyhk~; ~ vd;w clf; Uj;J kpfr;rpwgg; hFk.; E}y; Mrpupau; : bt. ,iwadg; .[ thH;f;iff;F tHpfhl;Lk; fUj;Jfis vspikahft[k;/ bjspthft[k; fl;LiuahfF; k; tyy; tu/; I.V.v!;. mjpfhupa[k; Mthu;. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 217 gotj;ij epug;gf[ . E}yf cWgg; pdu; gotk; fdd; pahFkup khtl;l E}yf Mizf;FG ika ' fpis ' Cug; ;gw[ E}yfk; ? khtl;l ika E}yk; cWg;gpdu; nru;f;if ml;il ml;il vz; : 514 cWgg; pdu; vz:; 41512 1. bgau; : f. jkpHr;rp 2. jei; j bgau ; : F. jkpHurd; 3. gpwe;j njjp : 14?04?2005 4. taJ : 15 5. gogg; [ : gjj; hk; tFgg; [ 6. bjhiyngrp vz; : 9876543210 7. Kftup : 18 g[{=;fh rhiy/ jpUtsS; tu; efu.; (m+r; y; FwpaPl;L vzQ; ld;) fd;dpahFkup ? 629 001. ehd; khtll; ika E}yfjj; py; cWg;gpduhfg; gjpt[ bra;a ,j;Jld; fhg;gj[ b; jhif q. 100 rej; h bjhif q. 10 Mf bkhj;jk; q.110 buhf;fkhfr; brYjJ; fpnwd.; E}yf eilKiw kwW; k; tpjpfSf;Ff; flL; g;gLfpnwd; vd cWjpaspff; pnwd;. ,lk; : fd;dpahFkup/  j=;fs; czi; kas[ ;s/ ehs; : 06?06?2020. jkpHrr; p. jpU / jpUkjp / bryt; p / bry;td; espdp mtu;fis vdfF; edF; bjupa[k; vdr; rhdW; mspf;fpnwd.; uh$d; ,ay; 5 mYtyf Kjj; piu gpizg;ghsu; ifbahg;gk; (gjtp kw;Wk; mYtyfk); (khepy / ika muR mjpfhupfs; fyY; }up Kjyt; uf; s; nguhrpupau;fs; cau/; nky;epiyg;gs;sp jiyik Mrpupauf; s; rl;lkd;w/ehlhSkdw; cWg;gpdu;fs; efuhl;rp/khefuhl;rp/xdw; pa/ngquhlr; p cWg;gpdu;fs;) bkhHpnahL tpisahL gf;fk;: 125 gj[ pu;g;ghliyg; goj;J tpiliaf; fz;Lgpof;f. jhu; nghd;w epwKz;L fupak[ py;iy ghu; KGtJk; gweJ; jpupntd; nkfKkpy;iy nru;eJ; mku;e;J xypg;ngd; gs;spa[kpyi; y nrhu;eJ; nghfhky; tlP ikgn; gd; bghwpahsUkpy;iy tPlL; f;F tUKd;nd tUtijf; TWntd;. ehd; ahu>;  tpil : fhfk; www.tnpscjob.com

218 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ bjhHpw;bgau;fspd; bghUisg; gu[ pe;Jbfhz;L bjhlu;fis KGik bra;f. 1. epyj;Jf;F moapy; fpilfF; k; gi[ jay; aht[k; muRf;nf brhe;jk; befpHpg; bghUs;fis kzQ; f;F moapy; gi[ jj;jy; epyj;jo ePu; tsji; jf; Fdw; r; bra;a[k;. (g[ijjj; y; / gi[ jay); 2. fhlL; tpy=;Ffisr; RLjy; jil bra;ag;glL; s;sJ braj; jtWfisr; Rll; y; jpUe;j cjt[fpwJ. (Rl;ly; / RLjy;) 3. fhw;wpd; bky;ypa bjhLjy; g[{ff; isj; jiyahll; itf;fpwJ/ iffspy; neu;jj; pahd bjhLj;jy; g[{ff; is khiyahfF; fpwJ. (bjhLj;jy; /bjhLjy;) 4. gRikahd fhlr; pIf; fhQjy; fzQ; fF; eyy; J.(fhQjy; /fhlr; p) 5. bghJ thHt; py; eoj;jy; TlhJ. eog;g[ ,y; mtiu kp+;r Ms; fpilahJ. (eoj;jy; / eog;g)[ mfuhjpapy; fhz;f. J}ty; ? kiH / ePuj; ;Jsp kd;wy; ? jpUkzk ; kUs; ? kaff; k; mor; RtL ? fhyof;Fwp mfuhjp ? mfutupir brhwb; ghUs; E}y; bray; jpll; k; ``gss; piaj; J}ai; kahf itjj; pUjj; y;~~ ? Fwpj;j brayj; pl;l tiut[ Kiw xd;iw cUthf;fpj; jiyik Mrpupaupd; xgg; j[ Yld; eilKiwgg; LjJf. mDg;g[eu; gj;jhk; tFg;g[ khztu;fs/; muR caue; piygg; ss; p/ brd;id ? 18. ,ay; 5 bgWeu; jiyikahrpupau; mtuf; s;/ muR caue; piygg; s;sp/ brdi; d ? 18. Iah/ bghUs;: gs;spj; J}a;ik Fwpjj; bray; jpll; tiut[ xgg; j[ y; tH=f; p bray;gLjj; ntzL; jy; ? rhu;ghf. tzff; k.; eh=;fs; ek; gs;spapy; gjj; hk; tFgg; [ gojJ; tUfpnwhk;. fle;j 4 MzL; fshf ek; gs;spia edF; ftdpjJ; tUfpnwhk;. mjd; @yk; ek; gss; p khztu;fspd; fw;wy; miltf[ Sf;Fj; jilahf ,Uf;Fk; fhuzpfisg; gw;wp Ma;t[ braJ; ten; jhk;. mtwi; w xU brayj; pll; khf jahupjJ; j=;fs; ghu;itf;F mDgg; p cs;nshk.; mjd; gupe;Jiufis Muha;eJ; mjw;F xgg; [jy; tH=;fp ek; gs;spapy; brayg; Lj;jp khztuf; shfpa v=;fs; fyt; p eyidak[ ; tU=;fhy jiyKiwapdupd; fy;tp eyida[k; fhfF; khW gzptl[ d; ntzL; fpnwhk.; ed;wp ,lk; : brd;id ,g;gof;F/ ehs; : 13.03.2020  muR caue; piygg; ss; p khztuf; s;. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 219 gs;spj; J}a;ik eyy; ePUk; ey;y fhw;Wk; NHYnk thHt; pw;F Mjhuk;. me;j tifapy; khztuhfpa eh=;fs; jiyik Mrpupau; xgg; [jnyhL gpdt; Uk; brayj; pll; =;fis nkw;bfhs;s csn; shk.; ŒŒ tFgg; iwapy; cztf[ ;fHpt[fisg; nghlhJ ,Uj;jy.; ŒŒ Fgi; gjb; jhl;ofis cyu itj;Jg; gad;gLjJ; jy.; ŒŒ fHpgg; iwfisj; J}ai; kahf itjj; y;. ŒŒ ghJfhff; g;gll; J}ai; kahd ePiuf; Foj;jy;. nkw;fz;l brayj; pll; =;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jp gss; piaak[ ;/ ghujj;ija[k; J}ai; kahff; pj; J}a;ik ,e;jpahit cUthfF; nthk;. fhl;rpiaf; ftpijahf;Ff. ku=;fis btlo; tplL; kuk; gww; p ghlk; eljj; pdhy; ehlL; fF; vdd; gyd>; kuj;ij kwej; hd; kdpjd; kuk; ekf;F tuk; kuk; eLnthk;- kiH bgWnthk;-- epwf; mjw;Fj; jf gss; papy; ehd; tPlo; y; ehd; ,ay; 5 neuji; jr; rupahff; filgg; pog;ngd.; tPl;Lg; gzpfisg; gfpu;eJ; bra;ntd;. cld;gapYk; khztupd; jpwikiag; mkk; ht[ld; nru;e;J gzpfisr; ghuhl;Lntd;. bra;ntd;. vdf;Fj; bjupahjtwi; w ghlj;bjhlug; hd Ia=f; is vdJ bjupej; khztuf; splk; nfl;L cldg; pwej; tu;fsplk; nflL; bjupeJ; bfhsn; td;. bjupe;Jbfhs;ntd.; tFg;giwj; J}ai; kapy; ftdk; tPlL; j; J}ai; kapy; ftdk; brYj;Jntd.; brYj;Jntd;. fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk; ŒŒ Emblem ? rpdd; k; ŒŒ Thesis ? Ma;ntL mwpthsu; ŒŒ Intellectual ? FwpaPlo; ay; ŒŒ Symbolism ?  www.tnpscjob.com

220 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; fiy ciueil cyfk; 6 epfH;fiy ,ay; 6 ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. xapyhl;ljj; py; ,Utupirapy; epdW; MLfpd;wdu;. ,j;bjhlupd; brag;ghl;L tpidj;bjhlu; vJ> m) xapyhll; j;jpy; ,Utupirapy; epd;W MLtu.; M) xapyhl;ljj; py; ,Utupirapy; epd;W Mlgg; LfpwJ. ,) xapyhl;lk; ,Utupirapy; epd;W Mlg;gLfpwJ. <) xapyhl;lk; ,Utupirapy; epdW; Mlgg; Lfpd;wdu;.  [tpil: ,) xapyhl;lk; ,Utupirapy; epdW; Mlgg; LfpwJ.] 2. fufhl;lj;ijf; Fkg; hl;lk; vd;Wk; FlfT; jJ; vdW; k; TWtu;. ,jb; jhlUf;fhd tpdh vJ> m) fufhll; k; vd;why; vd;d> M) fufhll; k; vff; hy=;fspy; eilbgWk;> ,) fufhll; jj; pd; ntWntW tot=;fs; ahit> <) fufhl;lj;jpd; ntW bgau;fs; ahit> [tpil: <) fufhl;ljj; pd; ntW bgau;fs; ahit>] FWtpdh 1. ``newW; ehd; ghuj; j; mur; ;Rdd; jgR vdw; Tj;jpy; mHfpa xgg; idiaak[ ; rpwej; eog;iga[k; ,dpa ghly;fisa[k; Efu;eJ; kpf kfpH;e;njd;-~~ vdW; nrfu; vdd; plk; Twpdhd.; ,fT; wi; w maw;Tww; hf khw;Wf. new;W ehd; ghuj; ;j mur; ;Rdd; jgR vdw; Tjj; py; mHfpa xg;gidak[ ;/ rpwe;j eogi; gak[ /; ,dpa ghlyf; isa[k; Efue; ;J kfpHe; j; jhf nrfu; vd;dplk; Twpdhd.; rpWtpdh 1. gl=;fs; btspgg; Lj;Jk; epfHj; J; fiy FwpjJ; ,uz;L tpdhf;fisak[ ; mtwW; ff; hd tpilfisak[ ; vGJf. m) fhypy; ry=i; f mzpe;J MLk; epfH;fiy VnjDk; ,uz;L TWf. xapyhll; k;/ njtuhll; k;. M) fufhll; k; vd;why; vd;d> f ufk; vd;gJ/ gpj;jisr; brk;ignah rpwpa Flj;ijnah jiyapy; itjJ; j; jhsj;jpwF; Vwg; MLjy; MFk.; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 221 beLtpdh ,ay; 6 1. befpHpg; igfspd; jPikiaf; TWk; bghk;kyhl;lk; c=f; s; gss; papd; Mz;L tpHhtpy; epfHj; ;jg;gLfpwJ. mjwF; g; ghuhlL; iu xd;wpid vGJf. ghuhlL; iu ,d;iwa ek; gss; papd; MzL; tpHhtpwF; tUifj; je;J bghkk; yhll; epfHr; r; pia eljj; pj; jej; FGtpdUfF; g; gss; papd; rhu;ghf tzf;fk.; befpHpahdJ gadg; Lj;JtjwF; vspjhf ,Uej; hYk/; ek; kzz; pd; tsj;ijf; Fd;wr; bra;J epyjj; o ePu; Fiwtij/ kpf mHfhf bghkk; yhll; k; @yk; vLj;Jiujj; jwF; g; ghuhlL; fs.; kiHePu; g{kpf;Fs; EiHa tplhky; jLfF; k; befpHpiag; gww; pa[k;/ ku=f; spy; befpHpg; igfs; rpfF; tjhy; ghjpfF; k; xsprn; ruf; i; fiag; gww; pak[ ; ghly; thapyhf vLjJ; iujj; Pu;fs;. kpftk[ ; mUikahf ,Ue;jJ. ghuhl;Lfs;. klf; hj befpHpfis kiHePu; moj;Jr; bryt; jhy; ePu; khR miltija[k;/ befpHpg; igfspy; njePu;/ Fspug; hdk; nghdw; czt[g;bghUl;fs; th=;Ftjhy; kdpjDf;Fg; g[w;Wneha; nghd;w neha;fs; Vwg; Ltija[k; bghkk; yhll; k; @yk; epfH;j;jpdPu;fs.; ghuhl;Lfs.; befpHpg; igfis vupf;Fkn; ghJ Vw;gLk; er;R tha[ fhw;iwak[ ; khRgLjJ; tijj; j=f; sJ ,dpa Fuyhy; gho/ v=f; isg; gutrkilar; bra;jPuf; s;. ghuhlL; fs.; befpHpiaj; jtpuj; ;jy; : nkw;fz;l jPikfs; xHpe;jpl befpHpiaj; jtpug; n; ghk; vd;w cWjpbkhHpia ehk; midtUk; Vw;nghk.; jkpHu;fspd; kpfgg; Hikahd kugt[ Hpf; fiyfspy; xdW; bghk;kyhl;lk;. ,J bghGJnghf;Ff; fhl;rpf;fiy MFk;. ,J bghGJnghfF; f; fhlr; pahf klL; kyy; hky; fyt; pawpt[/ kf;fspilna fhzg;gLk; mwpahikiag; ghly; tHpahf nghfF; tjwF; ey;y fiyahf tps=F; fpwJ. Fiwe;j neujj; py; mjpf brytpy;yhky; ,f;fiy totk; thapyhf ek; gs;spapd; MzL; tpHhtpy; bghk;kyhll; epfH;r;rpia elj;jpa fiyf;FGt[f;F kdkhu;ej; ghuhl;Lfs.; befpHpg; igfshy; Vw;gLk; jPikiag; bghk;kyhl;lk; thapyhf epfHj; j; p v=;fs; be+;rji; j befpHr; braj; midtUfF; k; tzff; k.; 2. epfH;fiy tot=f; s; mit epfGk; ,l=f; s; ? mtww; pd; xg;gidfs; ? rpwg;gk[ ; gHika[k; ? ,jj; ifa kff; s; fiyfs; mUfp tUtjwf; hd fhuz=f; s; ? mtw;iw tsuj; b; jLff; ehk; bra;a ntzL; td ,it FwpjJ; ehspjGff; hd jiya=f; k; vGJf. Fwpg;gr[ ; rll; k; KdD; iu epfH;fiyapd; tot=;fs; xgg; idfs; rpwgg; k[ ; giHikak[ ; FiweJ; tUtjw;fhd fhuz=;fs; tsu;j;bjLf;f ehk; braa; ntzL; td www.tnpscjob.com

222 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ Kd;Diu: Maf;fiyfs; 64 vdg; u; rhd;nwhu;. Mdhy; mit ,d;W ekk; pilna gy;ntW NHyhy; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd. epfH;fiyapd; tot=;fs:; bghJthf epfHf; iy/ mit epfGk; ,l=f; s; Cupy; bghJkf;fs; TLk; ,lk/; nfhapy; nghdw; ,l=;fspy; eilbgWk;. ,tt; if fiyfs; gy;ntW tHpfspy; Mly; ghly;fnshL eilbgWk.; rhdw; hf fufhl;lk;/ fhtoahll; k/; kapyhl;lk;/ bjUfT; jJ; nghdw; d. xg;gidfs; : ? Mz/; bgz; ntlkplL; MLjy; ŒŒ fufhll; k; ? kapy; tot Tz;LfF; s; cliy kiwj;jy; ŒŒ kapyhl;lk ; ? xnu epwjJ; zpia Kz;lhR nghyff; l;Ljy;/ fhypy; ry=i; f/ ifapy; ŒŒ xapyhll; k ; rpWJzp ŒŒ njtuhl;lk; ? ntlo; / jiyapYk; ,Lgg; pYk; rpW Jzp/ vspa xg;gid. rpwgg; k[ /; giHika[k; : ŒŒ thHt; pay; epfHt; py; gpupf;f Koahj/ kfpHr; r; p jUfpdw; / ftiyiag; nghfF; fpdw; / nghdw; rpwg;g[fis epfH;fiy @yk; mwpa KofpwJ. ŒŒ bghkk; yhl;lk/; ifa[iwg; ghitfT; j;J/ bjUf;Tj;J nghdw; ,f;fiyfs; vy;yhk; ekK; d;ndhu; fhyj;jpy; ,Uej; gHik thae; j; fiyfshFk.; Fiwe;J tUtjw;fhd fhuz=;fs; : ehfupfjj; pd; fhuzkhftk[ /; fiy+u;fSfF; g; nghjpa tUkhdk; ,yy; hj fhuzjj; hYk;/ jpiujJ; iw tsur; r; papdhYk; ,ff; iyfs; FiweJ; tUfpd;wd. tsu;j;bjLf;f ehk; bra;a ntz;Ltd : ,ay; 6 ek; ,yy; =;fspy; eilbgWk; tpHhff; spy; eyy; thHt; pay; bjhlug; hd epfHf; iyfis eljj; p/ fiyfisa[k/; fiy+iua[k; ghuhlL; nthk;. ,gb; gupa braypy; Clfk; kw;Wk; bra;jpj;jhs; Mfpait KGikahf ,izjJ; f; bfhz;lhy; ek; fiyfs; epiybgw;W epw;Fk;. Kot[iu: ehKk; epfH;fiyfisf; fw;W/ fiyfis mHpahky; fhg;nghk.; TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. rupahd tpil tupiriaj; nju;eb; jL. i) fufhl;lk; ? 1. cWkp vdg;gLk; njtJeJ; gp ii) kapyhl;lk ; ? 2. njhyhy; fll; g;gll; Flk/; jtpy; rp=f; p/ nlhyhf/; jg;g[ iii) xapyhl;lk ; ? 3. ieahzo; nksk; iv) njtuhll; k; ? 4. ieahzo; nks ,ir/ ehfRuk;/ jtpy/; gk;ig m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 ,) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 <) 2/ 1/ 4/ 3 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 223 2. bghUj;jkhd tpil tupiriaj; njue; ;bjLjJ; vGJf. i) kapyhll; k; ? 1. fufhl;ljj; pd; Jiz Ml;lk; ii) xapyhll; k; ? 2. fk;gPujJ; ld; MLjy; iii) g[ypahll; k; ? 3. ntshzi; k bran; thupd; fiy iv) bjUfT; jJ; ? 4. jkpHupd; tPuj;ijr; brhyY; k; fiy m) 4/ 1/ 3/ 2 M) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 ,) 1/ 2/ 4/ 3 <) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 [tpil: ,) 1/ 2/ 4/ 3] 3. njtuhll; j;jpy; vjj; id fiy+u;fs; fyeJ; bfhss; ntz;Lk; vdg; J kug>[ m) @d;W Kjy; gjpd;@dW; M) vl;L Kjy; gjJ; ,) gj;J Kjy; gjpd;@d;W <) vlL; Kjy; gjpd@; dW;  [tpil: <) vl;L Kjy; gjpd;@d;W] 4. rpwW; }u; kf;fspd; thHt; pay; epfHt; f[ spy; gpupj;Jg; ghu;ff; ,ayhjf; TWfshfj; jpfH;git ahit> m) epfHf; iyfs ; M) bgU=;fiyfs; ,) mU=;fiyfs; <) ,tww; py; vJtk[ py;iy [tpil: m) epfH;fiyfs]; 5. fufhll; j;ij ntW vt;thW miHff; yhk;> m) Fl Ml;lk ; M) Fk;ghl;lk; ,) bfhk;ghl;lk; <) brk;ghll; k; [tpil: M) Fkg; hll; k]; 6. fufhll; jj; pwF; ,irf;fgg; Lk; ,irff; Utpfs; __________. i) ieahzo; nks ,ir ii) ehfRuk; iii) jtpy; iv) gki; g m) i, ii - rup M) i, ii, iii - rup ,) ehd;Fk; rup <) iii - rup [tpil: ,) ehdF; k; rup] 7. fufhll; k; epfH;j;Jjypy; vj;jid ngu; epfHj; ;j ntzL; k>; ,ay; 6 m) 12 M) 2 ,) 24 <) tiuaiw ,yi; y [tpil: <) tiuaiw ,yi; y] 8. ``euP w twpahf; fufj;J~~ vd;w ghlyoapy; fufk; vdw; brhy; ,lk;bgWk; E}y; __________. m) mfehD}W M) g[wehD}W ,) fypjb; jhif <) eww; piz [tpil: M) gw[ ehD}W] 9. rpygg; jpfhujj; py; khjtp Moa __________ tif Mlyf; spy; `FlfT; jJ; ~ vd;w MlYk; Fwpgg; plgg; LfpwJ. m) gj;J M) gjpbdhU ,) VG <) vz; [tpil: M) gjpbdhU] 10. FlfT; j;J vdg; J __________. m) kapyhll; k ; M) fufhll; k; ,) bghk;kyhl;lk ; <) xapyhll; k; [tpil: M) fufhll; k]; 11. fufhll; j;jpd; Jizahl;lk; __________. m) kapyhll; k; M) xapyhll; k; ,) fhtoahll; k ; <) njtuhl;lk ; [tpil: m) kapyhll; k]; www.tnpscjob.com

224 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 12. fhtoahl;lk; ? ,rb; rhyy; py; `fh~ vdg; jd; bghUs; __________. m) nrhiy M) ghuej; h=;Fk; nfhy; ,) fhy ; <) fhty; [tpil: M) ghue;jh=F; k; nfhy]; 13. ,UKidfspYk; rk vilfisf; fl;oa jzo; idj; njhspy; RkeJ; MLtJ __________. m) fufhll; k ; M) kapyhll; k; ,) fhtoahl;lk ; <) xapyhl;lk; [tpil: ,) fhtoahl;lk]; 14. kr;rf;fhto/ ru;g;gf;fhto/ g{f;fhto/ njuf; ;fhto/ gwitf;fhto vd;W vjd; mog;gilapy; miHf;fpdw; du;> m) mikgg; [ M) epwk; ,) mHF <) totk ; [tpil: m) mikg;g][ 15. ,y=;if/ knyrpah css; pl;l gy[ k;bgau; jkpHu; thGk; gpw ehLfspYk; Mlgg; LtJ ________. m) fufhl;lk; M) kapyhl;lk; ,) xapyhll; k ; <) fhtoahll; k; [tpil: <) fhtoahll; k]; 16. xapyhl;lk; MLnthupd; tupir vz;zpfi; f __________. m) ,uz;L M) ehdF; ,) MW <) vlL; [tpil: m) ,uz;L] 17. njtuhl;lk; vdg; J ahu; klL; nk MLk; Mll; k;> m) Mzf; s ; M) bgzf; s; ,) rpWtuf; s ; <) Kjpatu;fs; [tpil: m) Mzf; s]; 18. njtuhl;lk;/ __________ Moa Ml;lk; vdg; bghUs; bfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. m) thdj;Jj; njtuf; s ; M) tpwypau; ,) ghzu;fs; <) muruf; s; [tpil: m) thdjJ; j; njtuf; s]; 19. cWkp vdg; bghJthf miHf;fgg; LtJ __________. ,ay; 6 m) njtJe;Jgp M) rp=f; p ,) nlhyf; <) jgg; [ [tpil: m) njtJe;Jgp] 20. njtJeJ; gp vd;Dk; ,irf;fUtp gadg; LjJ; k; Ml;l tif __________. m) fufhll; k; M) kapyhl;lk; ,) njtuhll; k ; <) nritahl;lk; [tpil: ,) njtuhll; k]; 21. njtuhl;lk; vt;tif epfH;thf Mlg;gLfpd;wJ> m) mHfpay ; M) elg;gpay; ,) rl=f; pay; <) thH;tpay; [tpil: ,) rl=f; pay]; 22. njtuhll; k; nghdn; w Mlg;gl;L tUfpdw; fiy __________. m) kapyhl;lk ; M) fhtoahl;lk; ,) nritahll; k ; <) xapyhll; k ; [tpil: ,) nritahll; k]; 23. nritahll; f; fiy+uf; s; ,irjJ; fb; fhz;nl MLk; ,irf;fUtpfisf; fzl; wpf. i) nritgg; yif ii) nrkf;fyk; iii) $hy;uh m) i, ii - rup M) ii, iii - rup ,) i, iii - rup <) @dW; k; rup [tpil: <) @dW; k; rup] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 225 24. vej; g; gz;gf[ isf; bfhzL; epfH;j;jpf;fhl;Lk; fiy bgha;f;fhy; Fjpiuahl;lk; MFk>; m) nghyr; braj; y ; M) ,Ugg; ijr; braj; y; ,) bkaa; pay ; <) elg;gpay; [tpil: m) nghyr; braj; y]; 25. gu[ tp Mll; k/; g[utp ehl;oak; vdw; bgauf; spy; miHff; gg; Lk; Mll; k>; m) kapyhl;lk ; M) xapyhl;lk; ,) bgha;ff; hy; Fjpiuahl;lk ; <) fhtoahll; k; [tpil: ,) bghaf; ;fhy; Fjpiuahll; k]; 26. bgha;ff; hy; Fjpiuahl;lk; ahUila fhyj;jpy; j+i; rf;F tej; jhff; Twg;gLfpwJ> m) nrhHu; M) ehaff; u; ,) kuhl;oau ; <) M=;fpnyau ; [tpil: ,) kuhl;oau]; 27. ,uh$!;jhdpy; frr; pbfho vdW; k; nfusj;jpy; Fjpiuf;fsp vdW; k; miHf;fgg; LtJ> m) fhtoahl;lk ; M) kapyhll; k; ,) xapyhll; k ; <) bgha;f;fhy; Fjpiuahl;lk;  [tpil: <) bghaf; ;fhy; Fjpiuahll; k]; 28. ghlyf; s; gad;gLj;jhj Ml;l tif __________. m) fufk ; M) bgha;f;fhy; Fjpiu ,) fhto <) kapy; [tpil: M) bgha;ff; hy; Fjpiu] 29. bghaf; f; hy; Fjpiuahll; j;jpwF; ,irf;fg;gLk; ,irf;fUtpfisf; fzl; wpf. i) ieahzo; nksk ; ii) ehfRuk; iii) jtpy; iv) nlhyf; m) i, ii - rup M) iii, iv - rup ,) iii - klL; k; jtW <) ehdF; k; rup [tpil: m) i, ii - rup] 30. jgg; [ vd;gJ __________. M) Jisff; Utp [tpil: m) njhwf; Utp] ,ay; 6 m) njhw;fUtp <) bjhHpw;fUtp ,) euk;g[ff; Utp 31. ``jff jfjff je;jjj; je;jff vd;W jhsk; gjiy jpkpiyJo jkg; l;l Kk; bgUf~~ ? vd;w jg;ghll; ,ir FwpjJ; g; gjpt[ bra;a[k; E}yhrpupau;/ E}y>; m) mz;zhkiyahu;/ fhtor;rpeJ; M) mUzfpupehju/; jpUg;g[fH; ,) jpUehtf[ ;furu/; njthuk; <) ,s=;nfhtofs/; rpyg;gjpfhuk; [tpil: M) mUzfpupehju;/ jpUgg; [fH]; 32. giw vdW; miHf;fgg; Lk; Ml;lk; __________. m) jg;ghll; k; M) kapyhll; k; ,) xapyhll; k; <) fufhll; k; [tpil: m) jgg; hll; k]; 33. __________ Fwpgg; pLk; fUgb; ghUs;fspy; xd;whfg; giw ,lk; bgWfpwJ. m) mfjj; pak; M) bjhy;fhgg; pak; ,) ed;D}y; <) ahg;gU=f; yk ; [tpil: M) bjhy;fhgg; pak]; www.tnpscjob.com

226 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 34. brhyY; tJ nghdn; w ,irff; tyy; jhsf; fUtp __________. m) giw M) jtpy; ,) nlhyf; <) cWkp [tpil: m) giw] 35. jkpH; kff; spd; tPuji; jr; brhyY; k; fiyahfj; jpfHt; J __________. m) fufhl;lk; M) fhtoahll; k; ,) g[yp Ml;lk; <) xapyhl;lk ; [tpil: ,) gy[ p Ml;lk]; 36. __________ bjUfT; j;J mk;kd; tHpghl;od; xU gFjpahft[k; ,Uf;fpwJ. m) fhsp M) khup ,) ru;fi; f <) jpbusgjp [tpil: <) jpbusgjp] 37. epfH;jj; g;gll; ,lj;ij mogg; ilahff; bfhzl; fiy __________. m) gy[ p Mll; k; M) fhtoahll; k; ,) bjUf;Tj;J <) Flf;Tj;J [tpil: ,) bjUfT; j;J] 38. fsjJ; nkLfspy; epfH;j;jg;gll; J vJ> m) g[yp Ml;lk ; M) fhtoahll; k; ,) FlfT; j;J <) bjUfT; jJ; [tpil: <) bjUfT; jJ; ] 39. bjUf;Tj;ijj; jkpH;f;fiyapd; Kff; pa milahskhff; patu; __________. m) e. Kj;Jrhkp M) nguh. Y}u;J ,) thdkhkiy <) m.fp. gue;jhkdhu ; [tpil: m) e. Kj;Jrhkp] 40. ehlff;fiyia kPl;blLg;gnj jkJ Fwpf;nfhs; vd;wtu; __________. m) e. KjJ; rhkp M) r=f; ujhR Rthkpfs; ,) gupjpkhw;fiy+u; <) jp.it. eluhrd ; [tpil: m) e. Kj;Jrhkp] 41. fiy+hapW vd;W miHf;fg;gl;ltu; __________. ,ay; 6 m) njtneag; ghthzu; M) e. Kj;Jrhkp ,) jpahfuh$ ghftju ; <) vk;.v!;. Rgg; y[ l;Rkp [tpil: M) e. Kj;Jrhkp] 42. TjJ; g;gl;liw e. KjJ; rhkpf;F ,ej; pa muR tH=;fpa tpUJ __________. m) gj;k _ M) mu;$^dh ,) gj;kg{&z ; <) ghuj ujd; h [tpil: m) gjk; _] 43. jkpH;ehL muR e. Kj;Jrhkpf;F tH=;fpa tpUJ __________. m) fiykhkzp M) ehlfkhkzp ,) t.c.rp. tpUJ <) fk;gd; tpUJ [tpil: m) fiykhkzp] 44. ntshz;ik bra;nthupd; fiyahf ,Ue;J tUtJ __________. m) fhtoahl;lk ; M) g[yp Ml;lk; ,) njtuhl;lk ; <) bjUf;TjJ; [tpil: <) bjUfT; j;J] 45. mu;rR; dd; jgR vdgg; LtJ __________. [tpil: M) kiH ntzo; epfH;jj; g;gLtJ] m) bghUs; ntzo; epfH;jj; g;gLtJ M) kiH ntzo; epfHj; j; gg; LtJ ,) mUs; ntzo; epfH;j;jgg; LtJ <) mikjp ntzo; epfHj; j; g;gLtJ www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 227 46. fjfsp nghd;W brt;tpay; fiyahf Mf;Fk; Kaw;rpfs; nkw;bfhss; g;gLk; fiy m) kapyhll; k ; M) xapyhll; k; ,) bjUfT; j;J <) Flf;TjJ; [tpil: ,) bjUf;TjJ; ] 47. jkpH; ,yff; pa=;fspy; ghitf; Fwpjj; bra;jpfs; fhzgg; Lk; fhy vy;iy m) r=;ffhyk/; gjpbdll; hk; E}w;whz;L M) r=;fk; kUtpa fhyk;/ gjpndHhk; E}ww; hz;L ,) fhgg; paf;fhyk/; gjpdhwhk; E}ww; hz;L <) r=f; fhyk;/ gjpidej; hk; E}w;whz;L [tpil: m) r=;ffhyk;/ gjpbdl;lhk; E}ww; hzL; ] 48. kug;ghitiag; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; E}y; __________. m) jpUf;Fws ; M) ehyoahu; ,) mfehD}W <) g[wehD}W [tpil: m) jpUfF; ws]; 49. njhwg; hitf; Tj;J gw;wpa bra;jpfisf; Fwpgg; pLtd __________. i) jpUthrfk; ii) glo; djj; hu; ghlyf; s; m) i - rup M) ii - rup ,) ,uz;Lk; rup <) ,uzL; k; jtW [tpil: ,) ,uzL; k; rup] 50. knyrpaj; jiyefu; nfhyhyk;g{upy; gf[ H;kpf;f ikag; gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; bjUtpd; bgau; __________. m) ,uhr nrhHd; bjU M) td;dp bjU ,) uhnrej; pu nrhHd; bjU <) fk;gd; bjU [tpil: m) ,uhr nrhHd; bjU] 51. knyrpahtpy; ``,uhr nrhHd; bjU~~ cs;sijg; gw;wpf; Fwpgg; pLk; kyu; __________. m) Kjyhk; cyfj; jkpH; khehlL; kyu; M) ,uz;lhk; cyfj; jkpH; khehlL; kyu; ,) ehdf; hk; cyfj; jkpH; khehlL; kyu; <) Ie;jhk; cyfj; jkpH; khehlL; kyu; [tpil: <) Iej; hk; cyfj; jkpH; khehlL; kyu]; ,ay; 6 FWtpdh 1. epfHf; iy vd;why; vdd; > rpwW; }u; kff; spd; thHt; pay; epfHt; f[ spy; gpupjJ; g; ghuf; ;f ,ayhf; TWfshfj; jpfHg; it epfH;fiyfs.; 2. ,yff; pajj; py; fufj;jpd; g=;F ahJ> g[wehD}W : `ePuw twpahf; fufjJ; ~ vdD; k; gw[ ehD}wW; g; ghlyoapy; fufk; vdw; brhy; ,lk; bgwW; s;sJ. rpygg; jpfhuk; : khjtp Moa gjpbdhU tif Mlyf; spy; xd;W `Flf;Tj;J~ vdr; rpygg; jpfhuk; TWfpwJ. 3. jkpHfjj; py; fufhll; k; epfHj; j; g;gLk; khtl;l=;fs; ahit> ŒŒ jpUbey;ntyp  jpz;Lff; y;  j+r; ht{u; ŒŒ kJiu  nfhak;gj[ ;J}u; ŒŒ jpUrr; p www.tnpscjob.com

228 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 4. kapyhll; k; vdw; hy; vd;d> ŒŒ kapy; tot[s;s TlL; fF; s; xUtu; jd; cUtji; j kiwjJ; f; bfhzL; ieahzo; nksj;jpw;F Vwg; MLk; Mll; nk kapyhl;lk;. ŒŒ fufhll; jj; pd; Jizahll; k; kapyhll; nk. 5. kapyhll; j;jpy; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; mirt[fs; ahit> ŒŒ Cu;e;J MLjy;  jhtpahLjy; ŒŒ kpjeJ; MLjy ;  ,Ugw[ Kk; Rw;wpahLjy; ŒŒ ,wif tpupj;jhLjy;  mft[jy; ŒŒ jiyiar; rhaj; ;jhLjy ;  jz;zPu; Foj;Jf; bfhz;nl MLjy; 6. fhtoahl;lk; vdw; hy; vdd; > ŒŒ `fh~ vd;gjd; bghUs; ghue;jh=;Fk; nfhy.; ŒŒ , U KidfspYk; rk vilfisf; fl;oa jz;oidj; njhspy; Rke;J MLtJ fhtoahl;lk.; 7. fhtoapd; mikgg; f[ n; fw;g mit ve;bjej; g; bgau;fspy; miHf;fgg; Lfpd;wd> ŒŒ kr;rf;fhto  njuf; ;fhto  gwitff; hto ŒŒ ru;g;gf;fhto ŒŒ g{f;fhto 8. fhtoahl;lk; Mlgg; Lk; ehLfs; vit> ,y=i; f/ knyrpah clg; l jkpHu; thGk; gpw ehLfs.; 9. xapyhll; k; vdw; hy; vd;d> ŒŒ xnu epwj;Jzpia Kzl; hR nghyf; fl;Ljy.; ŒŒ fhypy; ry=;ifia mzpjy.; ŒŒ rpW Jzpia ,irfn; fw;g tPrp xapyhf MLk; FG Mll; k;. ŒŒ fkg; PujJ; ld; MLjy; jdpr;rpwg;g[ilaJ. ,ay; 6 10. xapyhll; jj; pwF; g; gad;gLjj; g;gLk; ,irf; fUtpfs; ahit> jtpy;/ jgg; /[ rp=f; p/ njhyhy; fl;lgg; l;l Flk/; nlhyf;. 11. njtuhl;lk; vd;why; vd;d> ŒŒ thdjJ; j; njtuf; s; Moa Mll; k; vdg; bghUs; bfhss; g;gLfpwJ. ŒŒ ,J Mzf; s; klL; nk MLk; Mll; k;. 12. njtuhl;lj;jpw;Fupa ,irff; Utp Fwpj;J vGJf. ŒŒ njtuhl;ljj; pw;Fupa ,irff; Utp njtJe;Jgp. ŒŒ ,jd; bghJthd bgau; cWkp. 13. njtuhll; j;jpwF; upa cil kwW; k; my=;fhuk; Fwpj;J vGJf. cil : ŒŒ ,ilapYk; jiyapYk; rpWJzp fl;Ltu.; ŒŒ ntlo; mzpej; pUgg; u.; my=f; huk; : ŒŒ fhyf; spy; ry=;if mzptu.; ŒŒ vspa xg;gid bra;J bfhs;tu.; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 229 14. nritahl;lk; vd;why; vdd; > njtuhll; k; nghdn; w Mlgg; l;L tUfpdw; fiy nritahll; k;. ,irff; Utpfs; : ŒŒ nritgg; yif/ nrkff; yk/; $hy;uh. ŒŒ ,irrr; hu;g[ fiyahft[k/; tHpghlL; f; fiyahftk[ ; cs;sJ. 15. bghaf; ;fhy; Fjpiuahll; j;jpw;F tH=;fgg; Lk; ntW bgauf; s; ahit> ŒŒ gu[ tp Mll; k;  frr; p bfho (,uh$!j; hd;) ŒŒ gu[ tp ehl;oak;  Fjpiuf;fsp (nfush) 16. jgg; hll; k; vd;why; vd;d> mjw;F tH=;fgg; Lk; ntW bgauf; s; ahit> jgg; [ : jgg; [ vdw; njhw;fUtpia ,irjJ; f; bfhz;nl/ mjd; ,irfn; fwg; MLk; Mll; nk jgg; hll; k;. ntW bgauf; s; : ŒŒ jgg; hll; k;/ jgg; [/ jg;gli; l/ giw. ŒŒ `jg; jg~; vd xypg;gjhy; jgg; hl;lk; vdg; bgau; bgww; J. 17. jgg; hl;lk; epfH;jj; g;gLk; ,l=;fisf; TWf. ŒŒ nfhtpy; jpUtpHh  tpsk;gu epfH;rr; p ŒŒ jpUkz tpHh  tpHpg;g[zut; [ Kfhk; ŒŒ ,wgg; [ 18. `giw~ Fwpg;g[ tiuf. ŒŒ giw ? jkpHpirf; fUtp. ŒŒ giw vd;gjw;Fg; ngR vdg; J bghUs;. ŒŒ ngRtij ,irf;fgg; Lk; jhsf;fUtp giw. fUgb; ghUs; : ,ay; 6 bjhyf; hg;gpau; Fwpgg; pLk; fUg;bghUs;fspy; xdW; giw. 19. jg;ghll; j;jpwF; upa Ml;lf; TWfs; ahit> ŒŒ tl;lkhf MLjy;  clf; hue; ;J vGjy; ŒŒ FjpjJ; f; FjpjJ; MLjy ;  eilahl;lk; ŒŒ ,uz;L tupirahf vjpu; vjpu; jpirapy; epdW; MLjy;. 20. g[ypahl;lk; vdw; hy; vdd; > ŒŒ jkpHupd; tPuji; j brhy;Yk; fiyahfj; jpfHt; J gy[ pahll; k;. ŒŒ ghlL; k; trdKk; ,yy; hj Ml;l=;fspy; xd;W. ŒŒ g y[ piag; nghd;W fWg;g[k; k+;rSkhd tz;zf; nfhLfisaplL; j; Jzpahy; Md thiy ,Lg;gpy; fl;o MLtu;. 21. g[ypahll; jj; pw;Fupa mirt[fisf; TWf. ŒŒ g[ypiag; nghy eljj; y ;  vkg; pf; Fjpjj; y; ŒŒ gJ=F; jy ;  ehf;fhy; tULjy; ŒŒ ghaj; y;  gw;fs; bjupa thiag; gpse;J cWKjy;. www.tnpscjob.com

230 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; 6 22. bjUf;TjJ; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf. MLfsk; : jpwej; btspia MLfskhf;fp Mil/ mzp xg;gida[ld; bjUrr; ej; pgg; [fspYk; fsj;J nkLfspYk; eljj; g;gLk; eldk;. xU=;fpizg;g[ : ,ir/ trdk/; Mly/; ghly;/ bka;g;ghLfSld; fijia xU=;fpizjJ; tH=F; tu.; 23. Tj;Jgg; ll; iw e. Kj;Jrhkp bgww; tpUJfs; ahit> ŒŒ ,e;jpa murpd; jhkiujj; pU tpUJ. (gjk; _) ŒŒ jkpH;ehL murpd; fiykhkzp tpUJ. 24. `mUr;Rdd; jgR~ ? Fwpgg; [ tiuf. kiH ntz;o epfH;j;jg;gLk; bjUf;Tj;ij mUrR; dd; jgR vdg; u;. 25. njhw;ghitf; Tj;J vd;why; vdd; > ŒŒ njhyhy; Md ghitiaf; bfhzL; epfHj; J; k; fiyahjyhy; njhwg; hit vdg; bgau; bgww; J. ŒŒ njhypy; braj; btlL; tiugl=f; is tpsf;fpd; xsp CLUt[k; jpiur;rPiyapy; bghUjJ; tu;. ŒŒ fijf;nfwg; nkYk; fPGk/; gf;fthlo; Yk; mirjJ; f; fhl;o ciuahoa[k; ghoak[ ; fhl;LtJ njhw;ghitf; TjJ; . 26. njhwg; hitf; TjJ; vtt; otpy; khw;wk; bgwW; ss; J> ifa[iwg; ghitf;Tj;J/ bghk;kyhll; k.; 27. fufhl;lj;jpy; gadg; Lj;jgLk; ,irff; Utpfs; ahit> ieahzo; nksk/; jtpy/; ehfRuk/; gki; g. 28. fufhl;lj;jpwF; tH=;fgg; Lk; ntW bgau;fs; ahit> fufk/; Fk;ghll; k/; FlfT; j;J. rpWtpdh 1. bghaf; ;fhy; Fjpiuahl;lk; vd;Dk; epfHf; iy FwpjJ; e=P f; s; mwpe;jtw;iw vGJf. ŒŒ ``nghyr; braj; y;~~ gzg; [fisg; gpdg; w;wp epfH;j;jpf; fhlL; k; fiyfspy; bgha;ff; hy; Fjpiuahl;lKk; xdW; . ŒŒ kujj; hyhd bghaf; ;fhypy; epd;Wbfhz;Lk; Fjpiutots[ s; Tli; l clk;gpy; Rke;JbfhzL; k; MLk; Ml;lnk bgha;ff; hy; Fjpiuahl;lk.; ŒŒ murd;/ murp ntlkpl;L Mlgg; Lk; ,t;thl;lk/; `g[utp Ml;lk~; / `gu[ tp ehlo; ak~; vd;Wk; miHff; g;gLfpwJ. ŒŒ ,tt; hll; k; ,uh$!;jhdpy;/ `fr;rpfb; fho~ vdW; k; nfusjj; py;/ `Fjpiuf;fsp~ vd;Wk; miHff; gg; LfpwJ. 2. TjJ; gg; l;liw e. KjJ; rhkp Fwpjb; jGJf. ŒŒ bjUfT; ji; jj; jkpHf; ;fiyapd; Kf;fpa milahskhff; patu; jhd; TjJ; gg; ll; iw e.Kj;Jrhkp. ŒŒ ``ehlff;fiyia kPlb; lLgg; nj jkJ Fwpf;nfhs;~~ vdw; hu.; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 231 ŒŒ ,tu; jkpH;ehlo; d; tHptHp ehlfKiwahd TjJ; f;fiyapd; xg;gid Kiw/ fij brhy;Yk; Kiwfisak[ ; vLj;Jbfhz;L gJ[ tpjkhd ehlf=f; is cUthf;fpdhu.; ŒŒ ehlfjj; py; gad;gLj;Jk; neuo ,irKiwia mwpKfk;bra;J ,irapYk; khww; =f; is epfHj; j; pdhu.; ŒŒ ,tupd; ehlf=;fs; bgUk; r@f murpay; khww; =f; isg; ngrpd. ŒŒ ,tu; ,ej; pa murpd; jhkiujj; pU tpUijak[ ; jkpHe; hL murpd; fiykhkzp tpUijak[ ; bgw;Wss; hu.; beLtpdh 1. @ d;W epfH;fiy fiy+uf; is neuK; fk; fzL; mtu;fsJ fUj;Jfisa[k; mtu;fsJ ,ay; 6 kWthH;tpw;fhd tHpKiwfshf eP=f; s; fUJtdtwi; wa[k; Fwpgg; plL; vGJf. Fwpgg; [r; rl;lk; mwpKfk; fiyfs; bguparthy; fhg;ghwW; jy; murpd; cjtp bra;a ntz;LtJ epiwt[ mwpKfk;: epfHf; iy fiy+u;fspy; fufhl;lk/; kapyhll; k;/ bgha;ff; hy; Fjpiuahll; k; Mfpatw;iw epfHj; ;jpff; hl;Lk; fiy+u;fis neupy; fz;L/ mtuf; spd; thHt; pay; NHyf; isak[ ;/ fiy epiyiaak[ ; Fwpj;Jf; nfl;lwpe;njd.; fiyfs:; ehl;lhu; tHff; hWfis MHkhf Ma;t[ bra;j eh.thdkhkiy Tw;Wgg; o/ jkpH;ehlo; y; Vwf;Fiwa 1/026 fiyfs; ,Ue;jjhfj; bjupfpwJ. Mdhy; mit ,di; wfF; xtb; thdw; hf kiweJ; tUtnjhL/ vspjpy; vz;zptplf; Toa mstpy; Fiwe;Jtpl;lijak[ ; mwpa KofpwJ. bguparthy:; epfHf; iy fiy+uf; s; rpWrpW FGf;fshf xU=f; pizf;fgg; lhky; vyy; h khtl;l=;fspYk; ,Uff; pwhu;fs; vd;gijak[ ;/ vg;nghjhtJ fpilf;fpdw; thag; ;gpidg; gadg; Lj;jp epfH;fiyfis epfHj; j; pdhYk/; mjdhy; thHi; t eljJ; tjw;Fg; nghJkhd tUkhdk; fplL; tjpy;iy. ,jdhy; tWikapy; rpf;fpas[ ;s bgUk;ghyhd fiy+u;fis ntWgzpfis ehor; bryY; k; epiy Vw;gl;Lss; J. bjhiyff; hlr; p kw;Wk; etPd kpd;dQ Clf=f; s;nfhnyhrR; fpdw; ,ff; hyff; l;lj;jpy;ehl;Lgg; w[ f;fiyfSk;/mtwi; wepfHj; ;Jfpd;w fiy+uf; Sk; bgupa rthyf; is vjpu;fhfF; k; mtyepiyfF; j; jss; gg; lL; ss; du;. fhg;ghwW; jy;: epfHf; iyfis epfH;jJ; tjw;fhd Mil/ Mguz=f; s; bryt[k; mjpfkhf cs;sJ. muRk; kff; Sk; j=;fs; fiyfis CfF; tpj;J/ thag; ;gspjJ; / thHt; hjhuj;jpwF; cj;juthjkha; cjtpdhy; kl;Lnk fiyfisak[ /; fiy+uf; isak[ ; fhg;ghww; Koa[k; vd;gJ mk;@d;W fiy+uf; spd; xUkpjj; Fuypy; btspg;gll; J. www.tnpscjob.com

232 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ murpd; cjtp: jkpHfbk=F; k; cs;s fiy+u;fis xtb; thU fiyapd; mog;gilapYk; Mtzgg; Ljj; p mtuf; Sf;F Kiwahd m=f; Pfhuk; tH=F; tJ kpft[k; njitahd xdw; hFk;. epfHf; iyfis kPl;LUthf;fk; braf; pdw; tifapy/; fpuhkk; fpuhkkhfj; njor; brdW; fiyfs; gww; pa jfty;fisr; nrfupj;J Mtzgg; Lj;j ntz;Lk.; fiyfF; Gf;fis muRj;Jiwapy; Kiwahfg; gjpt[ bra;agg; l ntz;Lk.; vyy; hf; fiy+uf; Sff; k; milahs mli; l tH=;fp Cf;Ftpgg; [ Cjpak; tH=f; gg; l ntzL; k.; bra;a ntz;LtJ: epfHf; iyfis Mtzg;gLj;JtjwF; k/; fiyfs; Fwpj;j tFgg; [fs;/ fUjj; u=;Ffs/; tpthj=;fs;/ ciuahly; eljj; tk[ ; epfH;fiyfSff; hd jdpg;gy;fiyf;fHfk; mikf;fg;gl;L/ epfH;fiyfSf;fhd fiy+uf; s; cUthff; g;gl ntz;Lk;. murpd; rhu;gpy; epfH;fiyfSfb; fdW; jdptpHhff; s; eljj; g;gl ntz;Lk.; gss; p/ fyY; } upfspYk; epfH;fiyfis eljj; pl ntzL; k;. epiwt:[ jkpHupd; gzg; hlL; milahs=;fshf tps=;Fk; epfHf; iyfisa[k/; fiy+u;fisak[ ; MjupjJ; f; fhff; ntzo; a bghWgg; [ xtb; thU jkpHDfF; k; cupaJ vdg; J jpz;zk;. fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk:; 132 ,ay; 6 1. eP=f; s; mwpe;j epfHf; iyfis jdpahfnth FGthfnth tFg;giwapy; epfH;jJ; f. (khztu; bray;ghL) 2. eP=;fs; thGk; gFjpapYs;s epfHf; iyf; fiy+uf; is neu;Kfk; fz;L/ mtwi; wj; bjhFj;J tFgg; iwapy; gojJ; f; fhlL; f. epfHf; iyf; fiy+uf; splk; neu;fhzypd; nghJ ehd; nfll; rpy tpdhff; SfF; mtuf; s; mspjj; gjpiy ehd; ,g;nghJ c=;fSf;F goj;Jf; fhl;Lfpnwd;. fiy+uf; ns- ,d;iwa fhyf; fl;lj;jpy; c=f; sJ fiyjb; jhHpy; vej; mstpw;F rpwg;ghf cs;sJ vd ehd; nfll; nghJ mtu;fs; Twpa bra;jpahdJ eh=f; s; kpft[k; bjhHpypy; eyptileJ; sn; shk.; Mfnt tWik epiyapy; ,Uf;fpnwhk; vd;wdu;. vgn; ghjhtJ ,jb; jhHpy; @yk; fpilf;Fk; tUkhdji; j kl;Lnk ek;gpdhy; thH;fi; f. Mfnt ,j;bjhHpiy tpl;L tpl;L ntW bjhHpypy; <Lglyhk; vdW; fUJfpnwhk; vdf; Twpdu.; nkYk; ,ff; iyia epfHj; J; tjw;fhd Mil/ Mguz=f; spd; brytk[ ; mjpfkhf css; J. muRk; kf;fSk; v=;fs; fiyia CfF; tpj;J thag; ;gspjj; huf; nsahdhy; ,ff; iyia mHpahky; ghJfhff; Koa[k; vdw; hu; kwb; whU fiy+u.; ,tt; hW ntjidaila[k; epfH;fiy fiy+u;fspd; fiyia MjupjJ; / mtu;fSf;Fk; tha;g;gspjJ; mtuf; is thH itgn; ghk;. fiyiag; ghJfhg;nghk;.  www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 233 ,ay; fiy ftpijg; ngiH 6 g{j;bjhLj;jy; ? ckh knf!tup ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. kyu;fs; jiuapy; eGt[k.; vg;nghJ> m) ms;sp Kfu;ej; hy ; M) jsug; gpizjj; hy; ,) ,Wf;fp Kor;rpll; hy; <) fhkg; [ Kwpe;jhy; [tpil: M) jsug; gpizjj; hy]; FWtpdh 1. ``rhej; khdbjhU gpug+r; j;ijr; Rkf;fpdw; xyy; pj; jz;Lfs~; ~ ? ,ff; tpij mofs; czuj; ;Jk; css; Hif vGJf. rhej; khdbjhU gpug+r; j;ijr; Rkff; pw xyy; pj; jz;Lfshff; Fwpg;gplgg; Lnthu; bgzf; s.; ,tu;fs; mikjpahd Kiwapy; ,t;ty[ fji; jj; jh=;fp epWj;jg; nghuhLk; nghuhspfs.; rpWtpdh 1. etPd ftpijapy; btspg;gLk; Ezi; k css; k;/ g{jb; jhLfF; k; ehl;Lgg; w[ g; ghlypy; btspgg; LfpwJ. xg;gplL; vGJf. ,Wff; p Kor;rpl;lhy; ifahny g{btLj;jh ? khupf;Ff; ,ay; 6 fhk;g[fspd; fGjJ; Kwpak[ .; fhkg; Gfpg; nghFkpd;D jsug; gpizjj; hy; kyu;fs; jiuapy; eGt[k;. tpuyhny g{btLjj; h ? khupfF; thrypy; kuzk; epw;gjwpe;Jk; btk;gp tpLbkd;W brhyy; p tUej; hky; rpupfF; k; ,ej; g; g{it j=;fj; Jul;o bfhz;L ? khupKj;Jj; vg;goj; bjhLff; ehd; jh=f; p kybuLjj; hs.; ? ehlL; g;g[wg; ghly; ? etPd ftpij tpil : xg;gPL etPd ftpijapy; g{tpd; bkdi; k/ mHF/ espdjj; di; k/ vjw;Fk; tUe;jhky; rpupf;Fk; kyiug; bgzn; zhL xgg; pl;Lss; hu.; ehl;Lg;gw[ g; ghlypy; bgz; bjat; khfpa khupnahL xgg; pl;Lg; ghlg;gl;Ls;sJ. www.tnpscjob.com

234 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ etdP ftpij fUjJ; ehlL; gg; [wg; ghly; fUj;J  g{it ,Wff; p Kor;rpl;lhy; fhk;gpd;  khupahfpa bgz; bja;tjj; pw;Ff; fGjJ; KwptJ nghy bgz;fspd; fGjJ; ifahny g{gg; wpjj; hy; fhk;g[ mGfptpLk; Kwpa[k;. vd;W ifahny g{gg; wpf;ftpy;iy.  jsug; gpizjj; hy; kyu;fs; jiuapy;  tpuyhy; g{gg; wpjj; hy; gadw;wjha; eGt[tJ nghy bgz; jsu;e;jhy; thH;t[k; btkg; ptpLk; vd;W tpuyhy; eGtk[ ;. g{g;gwpf;ftpy;iy.  thrypny kuzk; te;J epdw; hYk;  nkwf; zl; fhuzj;jhy; khupahfpa bgz; tUej; hky; rpupf;Fk; g{itg; nghy bjat; jJ; f;Fj; j=;fj; Julo; bfhz;L bgzQ; k; tUjj; =;fs; tej; nghJ mtw;iwr; Rikahff; fUjhky; g{gg; wpjj; hu.; FLk;gji; jf; fhgg; hs.; nkwf; z;l ,U ghlypYk; bgz;iz kynuhL xg;gplL; g; ghLtij mwpaKofpwJ. TLjy; tpdhf;fs; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g.[ ,Wff; p ? tpidbarr; k; jsu ? bgaburr; k; gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;. ,ay; 6 ,Wf;fp ? ,WfF; + , rpupf;Fk; ? rpup + f+; f; + ck; ,WfF; ? gFjp rpup ? gFjp , ? tpidbar;rtpFjp f ; ? rej; p f ; ? vjpuf; hy ,ilepiy ck ; ? braa; [k; vd;Dk; thag; hl;L tpidKwW; tpFjp gyt[s; bjupf 1. ,ej; g; g{itjb; jhLgg; J vg;go> vdw; ftpijia vGjpatu>; m) ckh knf!;tup M) ,uh. kPdhl;rp ,) ,ej; pu ghuj; j; rhujp <) jhkiu [tpil: m) ckh knf!t; up] 2. ftp+u; ckh knf!t; up v=F; g; gpwej; hu>; m) kJiu M) jpUbey;ntyp ,) nryk; <) njdp [tpil: m) kJiu] 3. ckh knf!;tup/ jw;nghJ thH;eJ; tUfpdw; khtl;lk; ahJ> m) njdp/ Mzo; gl;o M) kJiu/ mDg;ghdo ,) j+;rht{u;/ ty;yk; <) jpUr;rp/ ciwa{u; [tpil: m) njdp/ Mzo; glo; ] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 235 FWtpdh 1. `g{jb; jhLj;jy;~ vdD; k; ftpij E}ypd; Mrpupaiug; gww; p eP mwpe;jtwi; wf; TWf. Mrpupau; bgau; : ftp+u; ckh knf!t; up gpwg;g [ : kJiu thHe; ;J tUk; Cu ; : njdp/ Mzo; gg; lo; . E}y;fs; : elr; j;jpu=f; spd; eLnt/ btWk; bghGJ/ fw;ghit. 2. g{f;fisj; bjhLf;Fk; nghJ ,Wf;fp Kor;rpLtjhYk; jsug; gpizgg; jhYk; epfH;tJ vd;d> ŒŒ ,Wff; p Korr; pLtjhy; fhkg; f[ spd; fGj;J Kwpa[k.; ŒŒ jsug; gpizjj; hy; kyuf; s; jiuapy; eGt[k.; 3. g{jb; jhLj;jy; vdD; k; ftpijapy; g{it vdw; brhy; ahiuf; Fwpff; pwJ> mgg; {itj; bjhLg;gJ vgg; o> ŒŒ g{it vdw; brhy; bgzi; zf; Fwpff; pwJ. ŒŒ kdkhfpa Elg; khd E}yhy; klL; nk bjhLf;f Koa[k.; fwg; it fww; gpd; gf;fk;: 133 xt;bthU ehSk; eP=f; s; ghu;fF; k; fhlr; pfspy; ' vjpu;bfhs;Sk; epfHt; [fspy; fz;LzUk; ,ay; 6 mHif @dW; epkpl=f; s; brhwf; spy; tptupf;f. fhfi; faplk; czue; ;jJ : jpdKk; fhiyapy; teJ; kujj; pd; kPJ mku;e;jpUfF; k; xU fhfi; ff;F cztpLtJ tHff; k;. fhf;ifapd; ,lJ fhy; Cdk;. ,lJ gff; ,wfi; f rupe;jpUfF; k;. jd; cld; tUk; fhfi; ffs; braa; [k; midjJ; r; bray;fisak[ ; CdKw;w fhfi; fa[k; bra;a bjupeJ; bfhz;lJ FiwapUg;gpDk; Fiwia kweJ; g[jpa Kawr; papy; <Lgl ntz;Lk.; epiwt[ tpHhtpy; czu;ej; J : xU gss; papy; rpw;Wz;o cztfk; elj;jpte;j jkg; jpapdu; taJ Kjput; [ fhuzkhf j=;fs; gzpia epiwt[ braa; k[ ; bghUl;L fhiy ,iw tzff; j;jpwF; g; gpd; midtUf;Fk; ,dpgg; [ tH=;fpdu;. ,dpg;igg; bgwW; f; bfhzl; midtUk; ed;wp vdw; xU thu;j;ijia kl;Lnk Twpdu;. Mdhy; xU rpWtd; kl;Lk/; ``ghlo; clk;ig edw; hfg; ghuj; ;Jf; bfhsS; =;fs~; ~ vd;whd;. mr;rpWtd; gpwu; kPJ fhl;Lk; md;gk[ ; mf;fiwak[ ; bgupatuf; splk; ,y;iyna.  www.tnpscjob.com

236 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; fiy ftpijg; ngiH Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp gps;isj;jkpH; 6 ? FkuFUguu; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; rpWtpdh ,ay; 6 1. itjj; paehjg[up KUfd; FHei; jahf mzpe;jpUf;Fk; mzpfyd;fSld; br=f; iP u Moa eaji; j tpsf;Ff. itjj; paehjg[up KUfd; br=f; iP u MLk; mHF : fpzf; pzp : fhyf; spy; mzpe;jpUe;j rpW brkb; ghd; fpz;fpzpfnshL rpykg; f[ Sk; nrue; ;J Mod. miu+hz; kzp : ,ilapy; miu+hz; kzpnahL xsp tPRfpdw; miu tl;l=f; s; Mod. rpW tapW : gRkb; ghd; vd xspUk; bjhej; pal[ d; rpW tapW rupej; hoaJ. bew;wpr; Rl;o : gl;lk; flo; a beww; papy; bghl;Lld; tll; tothd Rl;o gej; hoaJ. Fz;ly=;fs; : fkg; pfshy; cUthd Fz;ly=;fSk; fhjpd; FiHfSk; mire;jhod. crr; pf; bfhzi; l : crr; pf; bfhzi; l mjpy; Rww; pf; fl;lgg; l;Lss; xspa[ss; Kj;Jff; nshL MoaJ. MLf : itjj; pa ehjg[up KUfnd- br=f; Piu Mo mUs;gu[ pthahf. gtsk; nghd;w cd; jpUnkdp Ml/ br=;fPiu MLf. ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[. ? vzQ; k;ik ? tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W Fzl; yKk; FiHfhJk ; ? bgaburr; k; MLf ? Fwpg;gg[ ; bgaburr; k; flo; a ? gz;g[j; bjhif tll; r; Rlo; ? gzg; j[ ; bjhif br=f; iP u/ brkb; ghd;do igk;bghd;/ rpWfp=f; pzp www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 237 gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; MLf ? ML + f ML ? gFjp gjpeJ; ? gjp + j(; e); + j; + c f ? tpa=n; fhs; tpidKwW; tpFjp gjp ? gFjp j; ? rej; p/ `e~; MdJ tpfhuk; j; ? ,wej; fhy ,ilepiy c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp gpsi; sjj; kpiH ,aww; patu;> m) FkuFUguu ; M) ,uhkyp=;f mofs; ,) jhak[ hdtu ; <) bra=;bfhz;lhu ; [tpil: m) FkuFUguu]; 2. br=f; Piug;gUtk; gpsi; sjj; kpHpy; vjj; idahtJ gUtk>; m) ,uz;L M) ehd;F ,) IeJ; <) xdW; [tpil: m) ,uz;L] 3. FkuFUguupd; fhyk; __________ Mk; E}ww; hzL; . m) 16 M) 17 ,) 18 <) 19 [tpil: M) 17] 4. FkuFUguu; mwpej; puhj bkhHpiaf; fzl; wpf. m) jkpH; M) tlbkhHp ,) ,e;J!j; hdp <) kiyahsk; [tpil: <) kiyahsk]; 5. FkuFUguu; ,aw;whj E}iyf; fzl; wpf. ,ay; 6 m) fej; u; fypbtzg; h M) ePjpbewp tpsff; k; ,) kJiuf; fyk;gfk; <) jpUf;fhtY}uf; ; fyk;gfk;  [tpil: <) jpUff; htY}u;f; fykg; fk]; 6. kPdhl;rpaki; k gpsi; sj;jkpH;/ rfyfyhty;yp khiy/ jpUthqu; Kk;kzpfn; fhit Kjyhd E} yf; is ,aww; patu.; m) FkuFUguu ; M) ,uhkyp=f; mofs; ,) jha[khdtu; <) +hdpahuofs ; [tpil: m) FkuFUguu]; 7. rpw;wpyff; pa=;fspd; tiffs; __________. m) 16 M) 64 ,) 96 <) 108 [tpil: ,) 96] 8. gps;isjj; kpHpy; ,lk; bgWk; gUt=;fs; __________. m) 8 M) 10 ,) 12 <) 7 [tpil: M) 10] 9. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf : i) miu ehz ; ? 1. jiyapy; mzptJ ii) Rl;o ? 2. fhjpy; mzptJ www.tnpscjob.com

238 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ iii) Fzl; yk;/ FiH ? 3. bew;wpapy; mzptJ iv) R{Hp ? 4. ,ilapy; mzptJ m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 ,) 4/ 2/ 1/ 3 <) 1/ 2/ 4/ 3 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] 10. Mz;ghw; gpsi; sj; jkpGf;Fg; bghUej; hj gUtj;ijf; fz;lwpf. m) rpww; py ; M) rpWgiw ,) rpWnju ; <) Cry; [tpil: <) Cry]; 11. bgzg; hw; gps;isj; jkpGf;Fg; bghUe;jhj gUtj;ijf; fzl; wpf. m) fH=;F M) mkk; hid ,) Cry; <) rpw;wpy; [tpil: <) rpw;wpy]; 12. gpsi; sjj; kpHpy; ,UghyUf;Fk; bghJthd gUt=;fs; __________. m) 6 M) 7 ,) 8 <) 10 [tpil: M) 7] 13. gps;isj; jkpHpy; ,UghyUf;Fk; ,ilna ntWgLk; gUt=;fs; __________. m) 6 M) 3 ,) 7 <) 5 [tpil: M) 3] 14. fhw;wpy; MLtJ nghd;W kpftk[ ; bkdi; kahff; FHei; j MLk; gUtk; m) fhgg; [ M) br=;fPiu ,) jhy ; <) rg;ghzp [tpil: M) br=f; iP u] 15. br=;fiP ug; gUtjj; py; FHe;ijapd; jiy mirej; hLk; khjk; vJ> m) 3 ? 4 M) 5 ? 6 ,) 7 ? 8 <) 9 ? 10 [tpil: M) 5 ? 6] ,ay; 6 16. fpz;fpzp vd;w mzpfyd; mzpak[ ; ,lk; __________. m) fhypy; M) ,ilapy; ,) bew;wpapy ; <) fhjpy; [tpil: m) fhypy]; 17. Fz;lyKk/; FiHfhJk;/ MLf. ,r;brhw;fSf;fhd ,yff; zf; Fwpg;igf; fzl; wpf. m) vzQ; k;ik/ tpidbar;rk; M) vzQ; ki; k/ tpa=;nfhs; tpidKwW; ,) Kw;Wk;ik/ tpidbarr; k; <) cki; kjb; jhif/ tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W  [tpil: M) vz;Qk;ik/ tpa=n; fhs; tpidKw;W] 18. `gjpeJ; ~ vdD; k; brhy;iyg; gpupfF; k; Kiw __________. m) gjp + j(; e;) + j; + c M) gjp + j; + j; + c ,) gjp + j; + e; + c <) gjpe;J + c [tpil: m) gjp+j(; e;)+j+; c] 19. FkuFUguu; vtt; piwtidr; br=;fiP u MLkhW ntz;Lfpwhu>; m) Rthkp kiy KUfd ; M) itj;jpaehj KUfd; ,) jpUff; Gf;Fd;w KUfd ; <) jpUr;breJ; }u; KUfd; [tpil: M) itj;jpaehj KUfd]; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 239 20. ``fk;gp tpjkb; ghjp Fzl; y K=F; iH fhJ kirej; hlf; fl;oa R{Hpa[ Kr;rpa[ Krr; pf; fjpuK; j; bjhLkhl~~ ? vdw; mofspy; ,lkb; gwW; s;s ,yff; pa ea=;fs; __________. m) nkhid/ ,iag [ M) nkhid/ vJif ,) vJif/ ,iag[ <) ,iag[/ Kuz ; [tpil: m) nkhid/ ,iag][ 21. `rpW gzo; rupej; hlg;~ vdg; jpy; `gz;o~ vd;gjd; bghUs; __________. m) tapW M) bgUff; k; ,) jiy <) RUf;fk; [tpil: m) tapW] FWtpdh 1. FkuFUguu; Fwpgg; [ tiuf. Mrpupau; bgau ; ? FkuFUguu; fhyk; ? fp.gp. 17Mk; E}ww; hz;L gy[ ik bgww; bkhHpfs ; ? jkpH;/ tlbkhHp/ ,e;J!j; hdp. ,aww; pa E}yf; s ; ? fe;juf; ypbtz;gh/ kPdhlr; pak;ik gps;isj;jkpH;/ kJiuf; fyk;gfk/; rfyfyhty;yp khiy/ ePjpbewp tpsf;fk;/ jpUthqu; Kkk; zpf;nfhit. 2. gpsi; sj;jkpH; vjj; id tifgg; Lk;> mit ahit> gpsi; sj;jkpH; ,uz;L tifg;gLk.; mit: Mz;ghw; gps;isj;jkpH/; bgz;ghw; gpsi; sj;jkpH.; 3. Mz;ghw; gpsi; sjj; kpGf;Fupa gj;Jg; gUt=f; isa[k; vGJf. fhg;g/[ br=f; Piu/ jhy/; rg;ghzp/ Kj;jk;/ tUif/ mkg; [yp/ rpw;wpy;/ rpWgiw/ rpWnju;. 4. bgz;ghw; gps;isjj; kpGfF; upa gj;Jg; gUt=f; isa[k; vGJf. ,ay; 6 fhgg; /[ br=f; Piu/ jhy/; rg;ghzp/ Kj;jk/; tUif/ mkg; y[ p/ fH=F; / mk;khid/ Cry;. 5. Mz;ghw; gps;isj;jkpGfF; k; bgz;ghw; gpsi; sjj; kpGfF; k; cupa bghJthd gUt=f; s; vjj; id> mit ahit> bghJthd gUt=f; s; VG. mit: fhgg; /[ br=f; Piu/ jhy;/ rg;ghzp/ Kj;jk;/ tUif/ mk;g[yp. 6. gpsi; sjj; kpHpy; FkuFUguu; Fwpg;gpLk; mzpfyd;fs; ahit> mit vt;tpl=;fspy; mzpagg; Lk; vd;gijak[ ; gl;oaypLf. mzpfydf; s; mzpagg; Lk; ,lk; rpyk;g/[ fpzf; pzp fhy; Rl;o bew;wp miuehz; ,ilapy; mzpagg; Lk; (,Lg;g[) Fz;lyk;/ FiH fhJ NHp jiy 7. br=;fPiug; gUtk; Fwpgg; [ tiuf. ŒŒ b r=f; Piur; bro fhww; py; MLtJ nghy FHei; japd; jiy 5?6Mk; khj=;fspy; bkd;ikahf mira[k;. www.tnpscjob.com

240 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ŒŒ ,gg; Utjj; py; FHei; j jd; ,Uif Cdw; p/ xU fhypid klff; p/ kw;bwhU fhiy ePlo; jiyepkpue; J; k; Kfk; mireJ; k; MLk.; 8. gpsi; sjj; kpHpy; ghl;Lilj; jiytuhff; fUjgg; Lnthu; ahu;> ,iwtidnah/ jiytiunah/ muridnah ghl;Lilj; jiytuhff; bfhzL; FHe;ijahff; fUjpg; ghlg;gLk;. 9. FkuFUguu; Rl;o Fwpj;J TWtJ ahJ> gl;lk; flo; a beww; papy; tps=;Ffpdw; bghl;Lld; tl;ltothd Rl;o gjpe;jhllL; k.; rpWtpdh ,ay; 6 1. gps;isjj; kpH; Fwpg;g[ tiuf. tif : 96 tifr; rpw;wpyf;fpa=;fSs; xdW; . tiuaiw : ,iwtidnah jiytiunah muridnah ghlL; ilj; jiytuhff; bfhzL; / mtiuf; FHe;ijahff; fUjp ghlg;gLk.; ghl;Lilj; jiytdpd; braw;fupa braiy vLjj; pakg; [k;. tiffs; : ,uzL; tifg;gLk;. mit: Mz;ghy; gps;isj;jkpH/; bgzg; hy; gpsi; sjj; kpH.; gUt=f; spd; vz;zpf;if : gj;J. gUtj;Jf;Fupa 10 ghly;fs; tPjk; 100 ghlyf; s; cs;sd. Mz;ghy; gps;isj;jkpHpd; gUt=;fs; : fhgg; /[ br=;fPiu/ jhy;/ rg;ghzp/ Kj;jk/; tUif/ mk;g[yp/ rpww; py/; rpWgiw/ rpWnju;. bgz;ghy; gpsi; sjj; kpGfF; upa gUt=f; s; : fhgg; [/ br=f; Piu/ jhy;/ rgg; hzp/ Kj;jk;/ tUif/ mkg; y[ p/ fH=F; / mkk; hid/ Cry;. bghJthd gUt=f; s; : fhg;g/[ br=f; Piu/ jhy/; rg;ghzp/ tUif/ Kj;jk;/ mk;g[yp. fw;git fww; gpd; gf;fk:; 135 1. rej; eakpff; FHe;ijg; ghlyf; s; rpytwi; wj; bjhFjJ; / tFg;giwapy; gho kfpHf; . `thrpj;Jg~; gHFnthk; FHe;ijfns- `thuj; ;ij bjhliu~ thrpj;J gHfp kfpH;nthk; FHe;ijfns- `ngrpg;~ gHFnthk; FHei; jfns- `J}a~ jkpHpy; ngrpg; gHFnthk; FHei; jfns- `vGjpg;~ gHFnthk; FHe;ijfns- `vGjJ; g; gpiHfisj;~ jtpug; n; ghk; FHei; jfns- E}yfk; bry;nthk; FHei; jfns- E}y;fis mwpnthk; FHei; jfns-  www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 241 ,ay; fiy ftpijg; ngiH 6 fk;guhkhazk; ? fk;gu; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. nfhry ehl;oy; bfhil ,yy; hj fhuzk; vd;d> [tpil: <) m=F; tWik ,y;yhjjhy]; m) eyy; cs;sk; cilatuf; s; ,yy; hjjhy; M) Cupy; tpisr;ry; ,y;yhjjhy; ,) murd; bfhL=n; fhy; Ml;rp gu[ ptjhy; <) m=;F tWik ,yy; hjjhy; FWtpdh 1. cw=;Ffpdw; Fk;gfd;d `vGej; puha; vGe;jpuha~; ,ay; 6 fhyJ}ju; ifapny `cw=F; tha; cw=F; tha;~ Fk;gfd;did vdd; brhyy; p vGgg; f[ pwhu;fs;> v=F; mtid cw=;fr; brhyf; pwhu;fs>; ŒŒ `Fk;gfUznd- ck;Kila bghaa; hd thH;t[ vyy; hk; ,d;wpypUe;J ,w=;fj; bjhl=;fp tpl;lJ. mjidf; fhzg; jw;F vGe;jpLtha;~ vd;W brhyy; p vGgg; pdhuf; s.; ŒŒ tpy;iyg; gpoj;j fhyDf;Fj; J}juhdtu; ifapny gLj;J cw=;fr; brhyf; pwhu;fs;. rpWtpdh 1. `flw;fiuapy; cgg; [ff; har; ;Rjy; eilbgWfpwJ\" kiygg; Fjpapy; kiygg; apu;fSk; epyg; gFjpfspy;cHtj[ ;bjhHpYk;eilbgWfpd;wd~?fhyg;nghff; py;gykhww; =f; s;epfH;ej; nghjpYk; gz;ilj; jkpHupd; jpizepiyj; bjhHpyf; s; ,d;wst[k; bjhlut; ijak[ ; mtw;wpd; ,d;iwa tsu;r;rpiaa[k; vGJf. epyk; bjhHpy; ' cztg[ ; ,d;iwa tsur; r; p gapu; Fwp+;rp kiybey;/ jpiz Vw;Wkjpg; bghUl;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ehlL; kUj;Jtj; bey;/ njd;/ fpH=F; Jiwapy; njd; Kf;fpa g=;F tfpff; pwJ. kUjk; breb; ey/; cyf ehLfSfF; VwW; kjp braa; g;gLfpwJ. bgUk;ghyhd btzb; zy; kff; spd; czt[g; bghUshf ,Ugg; jhy; mjpfkhfg; gapuplgg; LfpwJ. bea;jy; cgg; [/ kPd; kPd;fisg; gjg;gLj;Jk; bjhHpwr; hiyfs; kpFjpahfp cs;sd. ,jb; jhHpw;rhiyfs; @yk; gyUf;F ntiy tha;gg; [ mspf;fpwJ. ,=;Fg; gjg;gLjj; g;gll; kPd;fs; gyn; tW ehLfSf;F Vw;Wkjp bra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,ijg; nghynt cg;gs=;fspy; cs;s cgg; [ Rj;jpfupff; gg; l;L Vw;Wkjp bra;agg; LfpwJ. www.tnpscjob.com

242 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; 6 beLtpdh 1. rej; f; ftpijapy; rpwfF; k; fk;gd; vd;w jiyg;gpy; ,yff; pa ciu vGJf. mdg; k[ ; gzg; k[ ; Fzr;rpjj; puKk; bfhzl; jiytu; mtuf; ns- njue; ;bjLjj; g{ff; isg; nghd;W tupir bjhFj;J mkue; j; pUf;Fk; Md;nwhuf; ns- mwp+u; bgUkf;fns- tzf;fk.; ,awi; f bfhY twP ;wpUf;Fk; fhl;rpiag; bgupa fiy epfHn; t elgg; jhd njhww; khff; fkg; d; fhl;Lk; ftp... jz;liy kapy;fs; Ml... ,t;ti[ uiaj; bjhluf; . ``jzl; iy kapyf; shl jhkiu tpsff; j; jh=;ff/; bfhz;ly;fz; KHtpnd=;f Ftisfz; tpHpjJ; nehf;f/ bjz;oiu baHpdp fhl;lj;/ njkg; pHp kfuahHpd; tzL; fsp dpJghl kUjkt; wP w; p UfF; kk; hnjh.~~ jzl; y kapy;fs; Ml vd;Dk; ghlypy; fkg; upd; ftpj;jpwk;/ nrhiyia ehlo; a nkilahftk[ ; kapiy eld khjuhft[k; Fs=f; spy; czl; hd miyfisj; jpiurr; Piyahft[k; jhkiu kyiu tpsf;fhft[k; nkffT; ll; =f; is kjj; skhft[k; tz;Lfspd; Xiria ahHpd; ,irahft[k; ghui; tahsu;fisf; Ftiskyuf; shftk[ ; rpj;jupjJ; jd; ftpjj; pwidr; rhdw; hf;Ffpwhu.; ,ej; g; ghlypy; fk;gdpd; brhyy; hlr; p khz;g[wr; bra;fpd;wd. fkg; dpd; ftpj;jpwk/; jhd; brhyy; tej; ij tpsf;f ifahzl; cj;jpfs; midj;ijak[ ; ehk; epidj;Jg; ghuj; ;jhy; fkg; d; jkpGf;Ff; fpiljj; tuk; vdyhk.; gilg;ghsp jhd; thH;e;j fhyjj; py; kl;Lkyy; hJ/ jhd; tPHe; j; gpd;dUk; thHf; pd;whd; vd;why; kpifahfhJ. mej; tifapy; fkg; d; ,d;Wk; jd; rej; f; ftpijnahL thH;eJ; tUfpdw; hd.; ``fhybkDk; MHpapYk; fhwW; kiH CHpapYk; rhfhJ fkg; dtd; ghl;L/ mJ jiyKiwf;F mtd; vGjp itjj; rlP L; ~~ vdf; fz;zjhrd; fk;gidg; ghLfpwhu.; ,J mtuJ ftpjj; pwDfF; r; rhd;W. fkg; d; ftpfis vGJtjwF; Kdd; u; mtd; urpff; pwhd.; urpjj; ij mDgtpj;J/ mjDs; fiueJ; tplhky; gofF; k; thrfid cs;ns ,GjJ; tUfpwhd.; jd; xtb; thU thu;j;ijapYk; Xir eaj;ij cUthf;Ffpwhd.; jk;ik crr; pfF; f; bfhz;L nruf; f; pwhd;. cjhuzkhf/ jhlif vdw; muff; piaf; fk;gu; cUthf;Ffpwhu;. ``,iwf;fil Joj;j g[Ut=f; s; vapW vdD; k; gpiwff; pil gpwf;fpl kojj; gpythas kwf;fil muf;fp~~ ? vd vtt; st[ mHfhf jd; ftpjj; pwidg; gjpt[ bra;fpwhu;. www.tnpscjob.com