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w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bm&jvg 1677bs ‡køv‡K Avgiv cwot ÒZviv †gw`qvb‡`i weiæ‡× h×y Kij †hgbwU cÖf~ gmy v‡K wb‡`k© w`‡q‡Qb Ges Zviv Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K cyil‡KnZ¨v Ki‡jv|.....(9) Ges B¯ªv‡q‡ji mšÍvbMY wgw`qv‡bi mg¯Í bvix I wkï†`i‡K e›`x Ki‡jvÓ BZ¨vw`| we‡`kx‡`i m¤^‡Ü B¯vª ‡qjx‡`i `vm-`vmx‡`i‡K †Kbv-‡ePv I e`j Kivi Abgy wZ wQj| Avgiv ‡jfx.25,4GdGd G †`L‡Z cvBt Ò‡Zvgv‡`i `vm Ges `vmx wnmv‡e ‡Zvgiv hv‡`i‡K †c‡Z PvI; †Zvgv‡`i Pvwiw`‡K †h mKj RvwZ evm K‡i†mLvb †_‡K `vm I `vmx µq Ki‡e| (45) we‡`kx‡`i mšÍvbvw` †Zvgiv µq Ki‡e Ges †m mKj cwiev‡ii mšÍvbvw`hviv †Zvgv‡`i †`‡k R‡b¥‡Q †Zvgv‡`i AwaKv‡i _vK‡e| (46) Ges †Zvgv‡`i gZ„ ¨z i ci †Zvgv‡`i mšÍvbMY m¤úwËwnmv‡e Zv‡`i DËivwaKvi n‡e Ges Zviv wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ `vmB _vK‡e|Ó †hgb gynv¤§`x‡`i g‡a¨ `vmMY AvswkK fv‡e µxZ`vmxi mšvÍ b Ges AvswkK fv‡e msM„nxZ| †Zgwb OldTastamentG Avgiv GB `By ai‡Yi K_v †`L‡Z cvB, Ò‡h N‡i Rb¥vqÓ Ges hv‡K ÒA‡_i© wewbg‡q µq Kiv nqÓ|GUv cwi®‹vi fv‡e †`Lv hvq †h BmªvCjx‡`i g‡a¨ gny v¤§`x‡`i gZB R‡b¥i gva¨‡g `v‡mi msL¨v e„w× cvq| hviv `vme¨emvqx Zv‡`i Rb¨ GUv mZ¨, †h‡nZz `vmMY Zvi cÖfiy m¤úwËi gZ, AZGe Zv‡`i mšvÍ bvw`I Zv‡`iB| †gvnv¤§`x I Old Tastament Gi AvB‡bi g‡a¨ Av‡iKwU mvgÄm¨Zv cvIqv hvq, Zv n‡”Q `vmZ¡ we‡`kx‡`imv‡_ mxgve×| †jfxi 25 I 39 Aa¨v‡q Avgiv cwo t- Ò hw` †Zvgvi fvB †Zvgvi mv‡_ evm Kivi mgq `wi`ª n‡q hvq ev Mixe n‡q hvq Ges wb‡R‡K †Zvgvi wbKUwewµ K‡i, ZLb Zwz g Zv‡K `v‡mi gZ cwikÖg Kiv‡e bv t (40) GKRb fvovq LvUv PvK‡ii gZ, GKRb AvMš‘‡Ki gZ†m †Zvgvi mv‡_ _vK‡e; Drm‡ei eQi ch©šÍ †m †Zvgvi ‡mev Ki‡e| (41) ZLb †m †Zvgvi wbKU n‡Z mšÍvbvw`mn P‡jhv‡e| (42) GKRb `vm‡K †hgb wewµ Kiv nq Zv‡`i‡K wewµ Kiv hv‡e bv|Ó ‡mB gZ †gvnv¤§`x‡`i †ejvqI GKRb Bgvb`vi‡K `vm wnmv‡e MÖnY KivI K‡Vvi fv‡e wbwl×| †gvnv¤§`xMYIB¯vª wqjx‡`i gZ Aci GKRb wek¦vmx‡K wb‡Ri fvB g‡b K‡i| evB‡RšÍvbx‡`i †ejvq e¨vcviUv wQj D‡ëv| †mLv‡b †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i I evwni n‡Z `vm MnÖ Y Kivi wbqg wQj|hw` ‡Kvb cyÎ Zv ‡m cKÖ w… ZMZ nDK ev `ËKfv‡e nDK wcZvgvZvi weiæ‡× ‡Kvb Aciva KiZ Zvi wcZv Zv‡K `vmwnmv‡e wewµ Ki‡Z cviZ| †Zgwb KjnwcÖqv †Kvb ¯¿x‡KI A‡_©i wewbg‡q wewµ Ki‡Z cviZ| e›`x kµ I †ZgwbmvaviY fv‡e `vm n‡q †hZ| we‡kl K‡i ¸wZqvg I mey vwZ©i †k¦Zv½MY (nvjKv ‡`n e‡Yi© ) †m mgq `vm wnmv‡e LyeBcQ›` Kiv nZ| 2| µxZ`vm‡`i cwÖ Z AvPiY| Avgiv c~‡eB †`‡LwQ wK fv‡e Kiz ÕAvb weaev I GwZg‡`i cwÖ Z b¨vq I m`q AvPiY Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q| GeswVK G iKg AvPi‡Yi `vex `vm‡`i Rb¨I Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ges Kiz Av‡bi wk¶vbyhvqx gvbylB Avjøvn&i Ges wbwðZ GKUvA‡_© GKB iK‡gi| Avgiv mi~ v 16 Gi 71bs Avqv‡Z †`L‡Z cvBt ÒAvjvø n& wKQz gvbly ‡K m¤ú‡`i e¨vcv‡i cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb; Z_vwc AwaK m¤ú`avixMY Zv‡`i m¤ú` Zv‡`i Wvbnv‡Zi Aaxb¯‡’ K (`vmMY‡K) c`Ö vb K‡i bv| hv‡Z Zviv mgvb n‡q hvq| Zviv wK Avjøvn& Zvqvjvi AbyMÖn A¯^xKvi K‡i?
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w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bmj& vg 191Beb BDbym Avm& mv`vdx (g„.347/958) wgk‡ii evB‡i ågY bv K‡i Ges KvD‡K bv ï‡bI†mLvbKvi nvw`m‡eËv‡`i caÖ vb nb1| Zey wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ GB cwÐZ e¨w³wU‡K KLb KLbI nvw`‡mi †Luv‡R e¨emvqx IKg©KZ©v‡`i gZ †ekx bv n‡jI c‡_ c‡_ Nyi‡Z ev mivBLvbv‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q|395/1005 m‡b me©‡kl ågYKvix Be&‡b gvRv B‡šÍKvj K‡ib, hviv mg¯Í mv¤vª R¨ nvw`‡mi Zvjv‡kågY K‡i‡Qb, wZwb wQ‡jb Zv‡`i Ab¨Zg| wZwb 1700 nvw`m msMÖn K‡ib Ges 40wU D‡Ui †evSvimgcwigvY cy¯ÍK msMnÖ K‡ib2| mvgviK‡›`i Avey nvwZg Zvm&L›` n‡Z Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv ch©šÍ cÖvqGK nvRvi G ai‡Yi wkÿ‡Ki e³e¨ kÖeY3 K‡ib; GKRb AvdMvb cwÐZ 1200 Gi AwaK R‡bie³e¨ keÖ Y K‡ib; Z_vwc agx©q RM‡Zi mvaviY e¨w³Z¡ Mv¾vjx covïbvi e¨vcv‡i AíB ågYK‡i‡Qb| Zvi Avevm fzwg Zz‡mi evB‡i wZwb Dˇi Ryi&hv‡b e³…Zv ï‡b‡Qb Ges cieZx©‡Z Zvi†`‡ki wekw¦ e`¨vjq kni wbkvcy‡i covïbv K‡i‡Qb| †mUvB Zvi me wQj| 4_/© 10g kZ‡K ågYm¤^‡Ü KZLvwb weZwK©Z gZvgZ wQj Zv mvgviKvw›`i e¯y vÍ b& Avj& Avwiwdb cy¯‡Í K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q(c.„ 18 GdGd)| Av‡iv Zvrch©c~Y© †h mZ¨ mZ¨B bvqevLw& Z, wKZve& Avj& AvMvbxi iPwqZv weL¨vZAveyj dvivh& Avj& B¯úvnvbx‡K (g.„ 356/967), hvi wbKU n‡Z weL¨vZ `vivKzZbxI nvw`mï‡b‡Qb,Ôme‡P‡q eo wg_¨vev`xÕ e‡j‡Qb, whwb Nb Nb c¯y KÍ we‡µZv‡`i †`vKv‡b wM‡q Zv‡`ic¯y KÍ ¸‡jv cixÿv Ki‡Zb, Zvici cvÐzwjwc wK‡b evmvq G‡b ¯‘c Ki‡Zb Ges †m¸wj †_‡KUzK‡Zb5| Z‡e nvw`m†eËvMb wkwÿZ e¨w³‡`i g‡a¨ ¸iæZ¡ AR©b K‡ib Ges ev¯ÍweKB, mv¤vª ‡R¨i meΩZv‡`i cÖfve †`Lv hvq| HwZnvwmKMY wek¯¦ ÍZvi mv‡_ Zv‡`i g„Zz¨i weeiYx wj‡L †i‡L‡Qb GesZv‡`i KxwZ©Kjvc I ¯§iYkw³ m¤^‡Ü A™¢zZ A™¢zZ Kvwnbx mg~nI †i‡L †M‡Qb| Ave`yjøvn& Be&bmyjvqgvb (g„.316/928) evM`v` n‡Z wmwR¯Ív‡b hvb| evM`v‡` wZwb GZ`yi m¤§vwbZ wQ‡jb †h,wZwb DwRi Avjx Be&b Cmvi evm¯’v‡b e³Z… v w`‡Zb Ges miKvi Zvi Rb¨ GKUv †e`x wbg©vY K‡i†`b| wZwb wmwR¯Ív‡b GKUv eBI wb‡q hvbwb| ¯§w„ Zkw³i e‡j wZwb †mLv‡b 30,000 nvw`‡mi kÖæwZ†jLb Kivb| evM`v`xMY fve‡jv †h wZwb Zv‡`i‡K †evKv evbv‡PQb ZvB Zviv Qq w`bvi w`‡q `~Zwb‡qvM K‡i| `~Z kæÖ wZwjwc wj‡L wd‡i Av‡m| c‡i Rvbv hvq †h, mg¯Í nvw`‡mi g‡a¨ gvÎ QqwU(1) mqy Zy x, ûmbyj gyn`viv, 1, 164| (2) RviK& vbx, 1, 230, †MvìwRnvi, gyn; ¯Ívw`‡qb, 2, 180| (3) mey &Kx ,ZvevKvZ, 2,14| (4) myeK& x,3, 314| (5) ZvwiL evM`v`, †µb‡Kv m¤úvw`Z, †R Avi G Gm, 1912, c„.71|
w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bm&jvg 192e¨wZµgagx© Ges †mB QqwUi g‡a¨ wZbwU wQj Rvj1 | Beb DKIqvn& (g„.332/943) Zvi gv_vq m~Î m‡gZ 52,000 nvw`m †i‡L‡Qb e‡j Me©Ki‡Zb2| gmy‡ji KvRx whwb 355/963 m‡b gviv hvb 20,000 nvw`m Kɯ’ †i‡LwQ‡jb e‡j Kw_ZAv‡Q3| Ges 431/1010 m‡b wgk‡i GKRb cwÐZ gviv hvb hvi Kv‡Q 87 M‡Ri GKwU evwÐjcvIqv hvq| †hUvi Dfq cv‡k Zvi Rvbv nvw`m ¸wji cÖ_gvsk †jLv wQj4| agw© e`MY M‡e©i mv‡_ Kwe nvg&`vbxi (g.„ 398/1007) Mí e‡jb whwb cvÖ qB ej‡Zb †hGKkwU ch©šÍ KweZvi jvBb gvÎ GKevi ïb‡jB cby ivew„ Ë Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| RbmvaviY nvw`mgyL¯ÍKvix‡`i cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj welqwU‡K wZwb Zvw”Q‡j¨i mv‡_ †`L‡Zb| R‰bK e¨w³ Zvui wbKUnvw`‡mi GKUv Aa¨vq †cÖiY K‡i GK mßv‡n gyL¯Í Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡K mgq cÖ`vb K‡ib| GK mßvnci Kwe `wjjwU GB gšÍe¨mn †dir cvVvbt †K Gme g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡i? gyn¤§` Agy‡Ki cyÎ, RvdiZgy‡Ki cyÎ Ges Zvici Zgy‡Ki Ges Zvi m‡½ wewfbœ bvgmgyn Ges gšÍe¨mg~n5| KZ `yªZZvi mv‡_ nvw`m †kLv‡bv n‡Zv Zv GB Z_¨ n‡Z eySv hvq †h LwZe gvÎ cvPu w`‡bmgMÖ mnxn& eyLvix kixd †kv‡bb Ges ZvI GKRb gwnjvi wbKU n‡Z6| GB kZ‡Ki me©‡kÖônvw`m†eËv wQ‡jb Aveyj nvQvb Avjx Avj& `vivKzZbx (g.„ 385/995) Ges wbkvcy‡ii Avj& nvwKg(g„.405/1014)| c‡ii kZ‡K Zv‡`i †RveŸv LwZe Avj& evM`v`xi (g„.403/1012) Dci eZ©vq| 3q/9g kZ‡K mgvß Kiv wZbwU fv‡M wef³ nvw`m mg~‡ni msKj†bi †kÖYxweb¨vm ImswÿßKi‡Yi d‡j Zv‡`i KvR mswÿß n‡q hvq| Zviv GKRb nq byZb wKQz msMÖn Kivi `vwqZ¡cvjb K‡ib †hgbwU `vivKzZbx mybvœ i †KZve iPbv Kivi gva¨‡g K‡iwQ‡jb Ges ‡gvUv As‡Ki A‡_©iwewbg‡q7 wgkix DwRi Rvdi Beb Avj& dv`‡ji Rb¨ gmb` iPbv K‡i Zvi agx©q †ÿ‡Î D”PvKvOÿvci~ Y K‡ib7; A_ev `vivKzZbx I nvwK‡gi gZ Bm&wZ`ivK I gymZv`i& vK (m¤úi~ K) iPbvi gva¨‡g,KviY Zviv g‡b Ki‡Zb c~e©eZx© †jLK‡`i Kv‡Q A‡bK wKQzB Gwo‡q wM‡q‡Q8| GQvovI Ab¨vb¨(1) Beb& Avj& RvIhx dwj 36, G, myeK& x 2,200| (2) Be&b Avj& RvIhx dwj, 726| (3) †MvìwRnvi, gyn. ¯Ívw`‡qb, 2,230| (4) mKy Kvi`vb, wgjLv‡Zi gvwR©‡b, 185| (5) myeK& x, 3, 661| (6) BqvKZz , Bikv` 1, 247, wZwb gv‡f©iweL¨vZ Kviæbvi wbKU n‡Z nvw`m †kv‡bb hvi m¤‡^ Ü Be&b evm&Kqz vn&I (1,103) D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| (7) BqvKZy , Bikv`,2,408, gmy wj‡gi QvÎMY we‡kl K‡i bZzb mnxi msKjb K‡i‡Qb| D`vniY ¯^iæc Avey nvwg` (g-„ 325) Ges AveymvC` (g„: 353)| mey K& x, ZvevKvZ, 2, 97 Gd| (8) †MvìwRnvi | gny . ¯Ívw`‡qb, 2, 241, `viKzZbxi DËivwaKviMYm¤‡^ Ü bvIqvqx 1,17 †Z ewYZ© n‡q‡Q|
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