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w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bm&jvg 342†M‡Qbt- evwn¨K fv‡e Avwg gmy wjg n‡jI hLb g‡`i †cqvjv cÖevwnZ nq ZLb Avwg mwZ¨Kv‡ii wLóª vb Avgiv Zv‡ii ev`¨hš¿ mnKv‡i bvgvRcwo c_Ö g bvgvR miy vBwMqvK Ges †k‡liUv GKUv gyLyix m½xZ| Avgvi wbKU miy v †cŠQvq †h myiv‡Z Kiz ÕAvb wb‡la K‡i‡Q ‡h myiv Avgv‡K kqZv‡bi `jf~³ K‡i‡Q Avgv‡K wgniRvb w`e‡m miy v `vI GgbwK igRv‡bi †kl w`e‡mI1| Avgv‡K GK cvÎ miy v `vI- Avwg wb‡Ri †Pv‡L †`‡LwQ ‡`vR‡Li MfxiZg ¯’v‡b Avgvi RvqMv2| Avgv‡K cvb Kivi Rb¨ g` `vI hv Inx wbwl× K‡i‡Q Avgv‡K `vI-- wLªóvb c‡y ivwnZ, Ges Avwg Zv †`vR‡Li g‡a¨ Xvj‡ev3| RbM‡Yi agf© xiæZv m¤^‡Ü Avgv‡`i wbKU Aí Z_¨B Av‡Q| Zv‡`i AZ¨šÍ KwVb wek¦vm Ges `k©bxq cÖeYZveûwea ag©xq `v½vi m„wó K‡i‡Q| 289/901m‡b GKRb KvivgvZx †bZv‡K gZ„ z¨`Ð ‡`qv nq Ges Zvi gZ„ ‡`n µz‡kSwj‡q ivLv nq| ÒRbMY G ai‡Yi ¸Re Qovq †h gZ„ z¨i Av‡M wZwb bvwK e‡jwQ‡jb,ÒAvgvi gv_vi wdZvwU mwi‡qivL‡e KviY Avwg Pwjkø w`b ci wd‡i Avm‡ev! `‡j `‡j †jvK Rb Kv‡ôi `ÐwUi wbKU Rgv‡qZ n‡Z _v‡K †hLv‡bZv‡K Swz j‡q ivLv n‡qwQj †mLv‡b Zviv w`b MYbv Ki‡Zv Ges G e¨vcv‡i SMovSvwUI Ki‡Zv| hLb Pwjkø w`b MZ nqZLb GKUv gnv AvZ‡¼i mw„ ó nq| †KD ej‡jv t H †Zv Zvi †`n|Õ Ac‡iiv ej‡jvt Ô†mUv A`„k¨ n‡q wM‡q‡Q|Õ†Mvj‡hvM Govevi Rb¨ miKvi †mB ¯’v‡b GKRb‡K ea K‡i Szwj‡q iv‡L| Ges mZ¨ mZ¨B ‡Mvj‡hv‡Mi m„wó nq4|GgbwK †gvn¤§` Avj& dviMvbx (g„.362/972) whwb Avwg‡ii wbKU AvZ¥xq wQ‡jb wZwb NUbvwU‡K BwZnvm wn‡m‡ewjwceä Kivi Dchy³ g‡b K‡ib| Avey mvn&j Beb& BDbmy Avm& mv`vdx (g.„ 331/942) hv‡K wgk‡ii Avwgi BL&wk`wjwLZfv‡e A‡bK †ekx kÖ×v Ki‡Zb,KviY wZwb KLbI Zvi mv‡_ mvÿvZ K‡ib wb,330/941m‡b Gfv‡e eY©bv K‡ib tgvwidvwiKzB‡b GKRb wLªóvb mvay GKUv cvLx‡K gvs‡mi UKz iv¸wj wb‡ÿc K‡i D‡o †h‡Z †`‡Lb| UKz ‡iv¸wj wb‡Rwb‡RB GKwÎZ n‡q gvbe ‡`‡ni AvKvi aviY K‡i|Ges wK Avðh©! cvLxwU cybivq G‡m Zv LyuU‡Z _v‡K|(1) g‡b nq wZwb igRv‡bi 27 Zvwi‡Li D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| jvBjvZjz K`¡ i| (2) BqvZxgv,2,2423| gymjgvb‡`i wekv¦ m †kl wePv‡ii w`‡bi cig„Z e¨w³ †e‡nk‡Z ev †`vR‡L †m †h ¯v’ bwU `Lj Ki‡e, Zv †`L‡Z cvq|
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