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Home Explore R.I.(Tr.) 500

R.I.(Tr.) 500

Published by remon07, 2018-06-10 09:22:51

Description: R.I.(Tr.) 500

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w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bmj& vg 43Zvi gZvgZ Rb mg‡ÿ cKÖ vk cvq ZLb RbMY Zvi Ni R¦vwj‡q †`q Ges ZIev K‡i Zvi d‡Zvqv cZÖ ¨vnvi Kivi Rb¨Pvc †`q| †µv‡avb¥Ë RbZv iv¯Ív mg‡~ n evavi m„wó K‡i Ges wMR©v †NivI K‡i| kvwšÍ k•„ Ljv wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ ˆmb¨Zje Kiv nq wKš‘ Zv‡`i‡K cv_i gviv nq d‡j Avwgi Zv‡`i‡K wdwi‡q †bb| ZLb wZwb gdy wZ Avey eKi Be&b Avj&nvÏv`‡K WvwK‡q †bb, whwb wLªóvb‡`i weiæ‡× d‡Zvqv w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges e‡jb, ÒwMR©vq hvb Ges †mUv hw` m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡caŸsm bv n‡q _v‡K nq †mUv‡K _vK‡Z w`b bqZ †f‡½ †djyb| Avjøvn& Zv‡`i‡K Awfm¤úvZ Kiæb|Ó wZwb GKRb¯’cwZ‡K wb‡q nv‡Z †gvgevwZ wb‡q wMR©vwU cixÿv K‡ib Ges GBfv‡e cÖwZ‡e`b `vwLj K‡ib ‡h, ÒGi GK Ask c‡bieQi wU‡K _vK‡e-Zvici aŸ‡m hv‡e, evKx Ask Av‡iv Pwjøk eQ‡i wUu‡K _vK‡e| Zvici hw` BgviZwU †`Lvïbv bv Kivnq mg¯Í BgviZwU aŸ‡m co‡e|Ó GB cÖwZ‡e`‡bi wfwˇZ Avwgi wbgv© ‡Yi e¨vcv‡i wb‡lavÁv Rvix K‡ib| 366/976m‡b GUv‡K wbg©vb Kiv nq| hv wQj Pwjøk eQi c~wZi© wVK ce~ © gyûZ© Ges Gfv‡e MxR©vwU iÿv Kiv m¤¢e nq|1 ivRavbxi nvmcvZvj mg~‡n gmy jgvb‡`i gZB AvwkÖZ cÖRv‡`i I †`Lvïbv Kiv nZ| ïagy vÎ 4_/© 10g kZ‡KicvÖ i‡¤¢ hLb †cø‡Mi cvÖ `f©ve nq ZLb DwRi Lwjdvi wPwKrmK‡K, hvi `vwq‡Z¡ ivRavbxi evB‡ii wPwKrmv m¤Ü^ xq mvnvh¨Ges JlacÎ wQj, Zv‡K cÖ_‡g gmy wjg‡`i wPwKrmv cÖ`v‡bi wb‡`k© †`b|2 g„Z‡`i†K Aek¨B c_„ Kfv‡e `vdb Kiv nq|319/931 m‡b hLb †ewej‡bi Aaxb¯’ †ZKwiZ kni eb¨vq †f‡m hvq ZLb gmy wjg I wLªóvb‡`i g„Z‡`n¸wj GKmv‡_`vdb Kiv nq d‡j Zv‡`i Kei wbw`©ó Kiv Am¤¢e nq|3 wLªóvb Ges Bû`x‡`i c„_K c„_K †Kvb ew¯Í wQjbv| hw`I GKBa‡g©i Abymvixiv cvkvcvwk evm KiZ| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq †h evM`& v‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K As‡kB wLªóvb‡`i gV wQj| ‡h‡nZz gymwjg AvBb ïagy vÎ gmy jgvb‡`i DciB cÖ‡hvR¨ nZ, Ab¨ a‡g©i Abymvixiv Zv‡`i wbR¯^ †Kv‡U©cwÖ ZKvi cvÖ _©bv KiZ| Avgiv hZ`i~ Rvwb GB Av`vjZ¸wj wQj ag©wfwËK| wMRv© i cÖavbMY wePviK wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡ZbGes ev¯wÍ eKB A‡bK AvB‡bi eB cYÖ qb K‡ib| Zv‡`i Awa‡ÿÎ we‡q I DËivwaKv‡iB mxgve× wQj bv, eis wLóª vb‡`ig‡a¨Kvi †h‡Kvb weev‡`i DciI Zv cwie¨ß wQj| Gme weev‡`i e¨vcv‡i ivóª gv_v NvgvZ bv| Z‡e gmy wjg Av`vj‡Z(1) UjKBz ÷, 321 Gi wKb&`xi m¤úi~ K, c„ 554| (2) Beb& Avj& wKd&wZ, wi‡cvU© m¤úvw`Z 194| (3) Beb& Avj& Avw_i 8, 174 |

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