Important Announcement
PubHTML5 Scheduled Server Maintenance on (GMT) Sunday, June 26th, 2:00 am - 8:00 am.
PubHTML5 site will be inoperative during the times indicated!

Home Explore R.I.(Tr.) 500

R.I.(Tr.) 500

Published by remon07, 2018-06-10 09:22:51

Description: R.I.(Tr.) 500

Search

Read the Text Version

w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bm&jvg 493weL¨vZ cyÎ gvngy` fvi‡Z c‡Ö ek K‡ib1| ga¨ Gwkqvi Aví‡mi ga¨ w`‡q †Pw½m Lvb e„nr K‡je‡imvgwiK c_ wbgv© Y K‡ib hv Gfv‡e ev Ab¨fv‡e †b‡cvwjq‡bi iv¯Ívmgy‡ni m`„k; Zvi GKUv mvBivbn‡« `i `wÿ‡Y wZ‡qb kv‡bi wMwiLvZ‡K AwZµg K‡i; hvi PwjøkwU †mZz wQj hvi Dci w`‡q cvkvcvwk`y‡Uv Mvox Abvqv‡m Pj‡Z cvi‡Zv2| †ekxi fvM †ÿ‡ÎB cwy jk cnÖ iv, mivBLvbvi Lv`¨ mieivn A_evKgc‡ÿ cvwb mieiv‡ni cÖwZB g‡b‡hvM †`qv †nvZ| ZvB ce~ © cvi‡m¨i giæf~wgi ga¨ w`‡q †h mswÿßiv¯vÍ wQj Zvi cÖwZ 12 n‡Z 18 wK‡jvwgUvi AšÍi ( 2 A_ev 3 cvivmvO) M¤^yRvK…wZ cvwbi ‡PŠev”PvwQj3| bvwmi Lmiæ Av‡g©wbqvi f¨vb n‡« `i cv‡k gvwUi g‡a¨ LuywU †cvZv †`L‡Z cvb †h ¸wj ZzlvicvZGes Kqz vkvi mgq c_ wb‡`©k K‡i4| DËi Avwd«Kvi jeYgq Rjvfw~ g‡ZI Lywu Ui gva¨‡g c_ wb‡`©k Kiv†nvZ5| giæfw~ gi c_¸wj‡Z ag©xq wfwˇZ mivB wbwg©Z †nvZ; avwg©K ZK~ x© ¯v’ ‡b Zv Nb Nb cvIqv †h‡Zv†hLv‡b 10,000 Gi †ekx Giæc mivB wQj; †m¸wji g‡a¨ A‡bK¸wj‡ZB AfveM¯Ö Í cw_‡Ki Rš‘‡KRve Ges Zv‡K cywóKi Lv`¨ cÖ`vb Kiv †nvZ6| mvaviYfv‡e cÖZxP¨ n‡Z cvÖ P¨ AwaKZi AwZw_civqYwQj| GKRb cviwmK Rwg`vi en„ r AvKv‡i Zvi f~-m¤úwˇZ mivBLvbv ivL‡Zb, †mLv‡b kZ kZ Mvfxcvj‡Zb hv‡`i `y» webv cqmvq cw_K‡`i‡K †`qv †nvZ; GgbwK cvi‡m¨i MvÖ g¸wj‡Z GKRb hvwRi_vK‡Zv hv‡`i `vwqZ¡B wQj mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ AvwZ‡_qZvi cÖwZ jÿ¨ ivLv, Ges Awaevmx‡`i g‡a¨we‡`kx‡`i wewj e›Ub Kiv7| LywR¯Ív‡b cÖvqB `i~ -`i~ všÍ n‡Z evjwZ fwZ© cvwb G‡b GK cvivmvO AšiÍAšiÍ c‡_i Dci ivLv †nvZ8| †h †`k¸wj c~e©eZ©x mg‡q wLªóvb wQj, †mLvbKvi gV¸wj wecjy cwigv‡YAwZw_civqYZv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Zv; ¸iæZ¡cY~ © cw_KMY †m¸wj‡Z Ae¯v’ b Ki‡Zb9| UvBwMÖ‡mi Zx‡iZvKi& x‡Zi †m›U Rb gV Ges wKQUz v Dˇi evÕiev g‡V cw_K‡`i Avc¨vqb Kivi Rb¨(1) †eiæbx, fviZ,Abey v`, mvP,z 1,22| (2) 1221 m‡b Pvs Pqz vi mdi; †eªmZ¯vœ B`vi, wgWvBf¨vj wimv‡P©m, 1,89| (3) Bm&ZvLi& x, c.„ 197| (4)c.„ 22| (5) evK&ix, †¯bø m¤úvw`Z| eZg© vb w`‡bi cvi‡m¨i jeYv³ giæf~wgi ga¨ w`‡q B‡q‡R` n‡Z wZ‡em chš© Í Ôiv¯ÍvwUÕ (†hgbwU ejv nq)hvi cvu P †÷vb AšÍi AšiÍ wcivwgW emv‡bv, B‡q‡R‡`i Awaevmxiv wbg©vY K‡iwQj| m‡fb ‡nwWb Ry jvÐ bvK Bw›`‡qb,2,6| GB mKj A‡j¯¤Í ¢¸wj cÖavb mo‡Ki AwZµg Kivi ¯’vb¸wj‡Z wbgv© Y Kiv ‡nvZ| H, 2,56| (6) BmZ& vLi& x, c.„ 290| (7) wdwnwi¯Í,c.„ 343| (9) gKy .c„.418|(9) kvey¯xÍ ,dwj.95we, 113G|w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bm&jvg 494

we‡kl BgviZmgyn wbgY© Kiv n‡qwQj1| ïaygvÎ c~e©Zb cvi‡m¨i GjvKv¸wji g‡a¨B kn‡i kn‡i AvgivAbv_kvjvi K_v ïb‡Z cvB; Gfv‡eB wbkvcy‡i wQj mvwe¯vÍ b ÔivwÎi AvevmÕ Ges wmiv‡RI GKwU wQjA_P wgk‡i AvBqey x‡`i c‡~ e© (cieZ©xKv‡ji ag©hy‡×i mg‡q) †Kvb Avevm ev mivBLvbvB wQj bv2|Z_vwc cwð‡gi Rsjx I wbivcËvwenxb A‡j Avnvi Ges evm¯v’ b cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ BgviZ wbwgZ©n‡qwQj,Ò †hLv‡b mg¯Í †`k¸wj n‡Z `v‡bi aviv cÖevwnZ †nvZ3|Ó mvgvwb`&‡`i Avg‡j UvBwM‡mi Dc‡i ¯’vqx †mZz wQj; 4_/© 10g kZ‡K Be&b nvIKvj& ¯x^ KviK‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb ZvK&wi‡Zi4 wbK‡U B‡u Ui ˆZix †mZzi aŸsmve‡kl †`‡L‡Qb Ges †m KvVv‡gvi GKUvm›y `i abyKvKw… Z wLjvb ZLb ch©šÍ hvwRivi wbKU Lvov Ae¯’vq †`‡L‡Qb5| 4_/© 10g kZ‡K †m¸wj P~Y©-weP~Y© n‡q hvq Ges †mB ¯v’ ‡b evM`v` Ges Iqvwm‡Zi gZ †bŠKv w`‡q †mZz (wRmi) evbv‡bv nq hviKZK¸wj mwi‡q †bqv †h‡Zv| Z‡e †m¸wji msL¨v AmsL¨ wQj bv; ev¯ÍweKB Dˇi †m¸wj AÁvZ wQje‡j Kw_Z Av‡Q; 5g/11k kZ‡Ki ïiæi w`‡K ZK~ ©‡`i weiæ‡× Awfhvb Pvjv‡bvi mgq gvngy` ‰mb¨‡`iwb‡q I·v‡mi Dci ÒwkKj w`‡q evuav †bŠKvi †mZz AwZµg K‡ib| GUvB cÖ_gev‡ii gZ GB A‡jG ai‡Yi †mZz †`Lv hvq6|Ó Pxbv cwieªvRK P¨vs Psz cieZ©xKv‡j 1221 m‡b RvK&mvi‡Zm b`xi Dci Gai‡Yi †mZz †`L‡Z cvb7| cvuP `iRv wewkó GKUv ¯v’ qx †mZz hvi GKwU eo `iRv Ges PviwU †QvU`iRv wQj; †mUv Cmv Lv‡ji Dci ¯’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj, †hLvbUvq †mUv BD‡dw« Um b`x n‡Z kvLviAvKv‡i †ei n‡qwQj8| Zq/9g kZ‡Ki mgq ÔeoÕ `iRvwUi cÖk¯ZÍ v 22 MR Ges †QvU `iRv¸wjic‡Ö Z¨KUvi PIov AvU MR K‡i w¯’i Kiv nq| GB `iRv ivLvi mgq GUv wbwðZ Kiv nq †hb me‡P‡qeo †bŠKvwUI †hb Zvi ga¨ w`‡q AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡i| Lwy R¯Ív‡b cÖvPxb mymvi c~‡e© w`R&dz‡j †h ‡mZzwUwbwg©Z n‡qwQj Zv 320 c`‡ÿc j¤^v Ges 15 c`‡ÿc PIov wQj Ges Zv cvÖ q 72wU abyKvKviwLjv‡bi Dci wbwg©Z n‡qwQj| Be‡b wmivwcqb †mUv‡K †ivgvb‡`i †mZz e‡j‡Qb9| Avn&Iqv‡R B‡Ui(1) kvey¯Íx, †÷ªK DaZ„ K‡i‡Qb j¨vÐ k¨vdU& †ewe‡jvwbqvb, c„.179, BqvKzZ 2,645| (2) KvjvKvmvw›`, Abyev` Dm‡Zb‡dj&`,c„.82| (3) Be&bnvIKvj, c„.49| (4) H,c;„ 168| (5) d‡UvMvÖ d Avc wnD‡Mv †MvÖ ‡_ wRIMÖvwd‡ð K¨vivKUvi weìvi AvDm `vi GwkqvwZ‡ðb Z‡z K©| (6) Beb&Avj& Avw_i,9, 210| (7) †emª Z¯vœ B`vi, wgW.wim,1,75| (8) DRviv, c„.257| (9) H|w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bmj& vg 495

ˆZix ÔfviZxq †mZzwUÕ wbgv© Y Kiv n‡qwQj hvi Dc‡i GKwU gmwR`I wbgv© Y Kiv nq1; Ges D”P Kviæ‡b wQjB`&nv‡Ri †mZzwU, hv †¯ªv‡Zi 150 MR E‡a© GKUv gvÎ cv_‡ii wLjv‡bi Dci wQj, hv `‡y Uv †jvnvi mvuovwkw`‡q gReZy K‡i evau v wQj| 4_/© 10g kZ‡K 1,50,000 w`bvi2 LiP K‡i Zv †givgZ Kiv nq| BD‡ivcxq†mZz wbg©v‡Yi †h bgybv mg¯Í †gvnv¤§`x mv¤vª ‡R¨ cÖksmv AR©b K‡i, †mUv n‡”Q mv‡gvmvZvi wbK‡U BD‡d«wU‡miDcb`x wMDK miy Dci m¤vª U †fmc& vwmqvb KZ…©K wbwg©Z †mZzwU| †mUv‡K cw„ _exi Avðh© e¯‘¸wj Ab¨Zg g‡bKiv †nvZ KviY, Ô‡mUv GKUv wMwiLv‡Zi Dci DuPz Ae¯v’ q GKUv gvÎ wLjv‡bi Dci ¯v’ cZ¨ Kv‡h©i gva¨‡gwbwg©Z n‡qwQj, hvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU cÖ¯Íi wQj `k MR j¤v^ Ges cvPu MR cÖk¯Í3| me‡P‡q ¸iæZc¡ Y~ © †mZwy U wQj Uv‡eiDci wbwgZ© Kv‡Vi †mZwz U, †h †¯ªvZaviv LywR¯vÍ b Ges dvi‡mi mxgv‡iLv mw„ ó K‡iwQj| Zvi D”PZv wQj cvwbiDci `k MR4| cwi‡k‡l 4_/© 10g kZ‡Ki gvÎ GKRb †jLKB GKUv †mZzi ckÖ smv K‡i‡Qb †hwU ZK~ x¯© Ív‡b†LvUv‡bi wbKU GKUv ce©Z n‡Z Ab¨ ce©Z ch©šÍ we¯…ZÍ wQj, Ges wZwb e‡j‡Qb †h †mUv Pxbv‡`i KZK©… wbwg©Znq wb5| G ai‡Yi †mZz KZ ciy vZb Zv Avwg ej‡Z cvi‡ev bv †hUv Avwg †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvq Lve‡y ii Dci †`‡LwQ†h c×wZ‡Z gvwS b`xi Aci Zx‡i evu av GKUv `wo a‡i Uvb‡Zv| GB c×wZ Zvwig AeevwnKv‡ZI cÖPwjZwQj6| WvK (evwi`) GKUv AZ¨šÍ cÖvPxb Avwe®‹vi; †h fv‡eB †nvK Zvi DbœwZi Rb¨ c_Ö g `vwiqvm whwbcvÖ ‡P¨i wekvj mv¤ªvR¨‡K my-mse× K‡ib Zvi wbKU FYx7| Lwjdv‡`i Avg‡j WvK m¤^Üxq mg¯Í bvgKiYZLbI cviwmKB †_‡K hvqt diz vbx8 A_ev dvBR9 A_ev kvwKwe ÔkKUPvjKÕ10, Av¯‹z`vi (wbeÜmvi) hv GKwU‡iwR÷vi hvi g‡a¨ Wv‡Ki _‡j I cÎmsL¨v †jLv _vK‡Zv Ges wewfbœ †÷k‡b †cŠQv‡bv I †Q‡o hvIqvi mgqwjwce× _vK‡Zv| g‡b n‡e †h WvK e¨e¯’v †Kvb GK wbw`©ó mg‡qB(1) gKy .c.„ 411| (2) BqvKZz ,Gm,wf| (3) _vÕwjex, Dgv` Avj& gvbmye, †RWwWGgwR,8,524 dwj; Bm&ZvLi& x,62; gvmy`x, Zvbwen,& 64,144;gyK.c„.147; †`Lyb jv †÷ªÄ j¨vÐm Ae w` B÷vY© K¨vwj‡dZ,c.„ 124 †bvU| (4) Beb nvIKvj,c„.170| (5) Avj gZy vnnvi, ûqvU©m¤úvw`Z,4,87| (6) m‡fb †nwWb, `vP© Gwk‡qb Dm‡Zb,2,152| (7) Avie HwZn¨ wg‡j hvq (gvKw& iwh, wLZvZ, 1,229|) (8) GB kãwUBgiæj Kv‡q‡mi mg‡qi gZ cÖvPxb Kv‡jI †`Lv hvq (AvnjIqv`,© wm· w`fvbm, c„.130, jvBb 27)| (9) cKÖ …Zc‡ÿ Ôc_PvixÕ; g~j †cW n‡”QkãwUi Drm| evZvK n‡Z GKRb fviZxq gv‡f© `¨ B‡›`‡Z †`Lv hvq, c.„ 106| (10) cKÖ Z… c‡ÿ ÔwkKvixÕ| LvIqv‡iRgx Zvi mvÿ¨ †`b,ivmv‡qj, c.„ 53 PZz_© kZ‡Ki Rb¨|w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bmj& vg 496

Avwe®‹…Z n‡q _vK‡e KviY evB‡Rb&Zvbx, †gvnv¤§`x I Pxbv WvK e¨e¯v’ i Aax‡b GKUv we‡kl e¨vRwn‡m‡e Zv‡`i cï‡`i †jR †QvU K‡i w`Z| ïaygvÎ evB‡RbZ& vbxMYB Wv‡Ki Rb¨ Ak¦ e¨envi Ki‡Zv1,†hgbwU Avi‡ei Agymwjg ivRvivI Ki‡Zb2; Pxbv I †gvnv¤§`x WvK wefvM3 L”Pi e¨envi Ki‡Zv4|BD‡dw« U‡mi cwð‡g Lwjdvi †cvó Awdm¸wj gvB‡ji wnmve Ki‡Zv wKš‘ Zvi c‡~ e© cvivmv‡Oi(dvi&mvL&) wnmve Ki‡Zv5| gvBj dj‡Ki Rb¨ †ivgK bvg wgj e¨envi Kiv †nvZ, GgbwK †m mKj¯’v‡bI †hLv‡b †ivg KLbI kvmb K‡i wb6; cviv‡m¨i djK¸wj‡Z †Zgb kã e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡QGgbUv †`Lv hvq bv7| Aci c‡ÿ mv¤ªv‡R¨i `ywU Aav© s‡kB gvBj A_ev 2 cvivmvO AšiÍ AšÍi †÷kbwQj, †hLv‡b e`jx L”Pi ev Akv¦ ‡ivnx _vK‡Zv8| kKUPvjKMY mg¯Í c_ Ak¦v‡ivnY Ki‡Zv; 326/937m‡b evM`v` n‡Z g°v ch©šÍ GB wekvj `~i‡Z¡ GKRb‡K Wv‡Ki _‡ji m‡½ †h‡Z †`Lv hvq9| cÖv‡P¨ IcÖZx‡P¨ AvšÍ©RvwZK wewbgq I jÿ¨ Kiv hvq; Z~K©x WvK (evwi` AvZ& Z~K©) Px‡bi mxgvšÍ ch©šÍ ewa©ZwQj10, Gwkqv gvBb‡ii ¸wj hvi cÖwZ wZb gvBj AšÍi AšÍi †÷kb wQj, Zv Kb÷¨vw›U‡bvcj chš© Íwe¯…ÍZ wQj11|(1) Beb L`y v© exn&, c„.112| (2) gey vii& v`, Kvwgj, KvB‡iv, 1308, 1,286|(3) GUv‡K mwVK e‡j g‡b nq bv| c¨vwcivm KvM‡Ri wb‡`©‡k Gai‡Yi Rš‘¸wj‡KÔ`veŸvn&Õ ejv n‡q‡Q, hvi mvaviY A_© n‡”Q †Nvov, Ges dvLixi WvK m¤úwKZ© †jLvq we‡kl K‡i †Nvov¸wj‡KB D‡jøL Kivn‡q‡Q| (Abyev`‡Ki †bvU)| (4) wmj&wmjvn& AvZ& ZvIqvwiL&, c„.113| e¨vR cwiavb wQj cÖvK Bmjvgx| (AvnjIqv`,© wm· wWfvbm, c.„ 138,jvBb 28)| nvghv Avj& B¯úvnvbx (Ae.350/961 Ges 360/970 Gi g‡a¨) Gi g‡Z evwi` Ô‡cv÷Õ kãwU dvmx© evwi‡`n& `vbve Ò‡jR KvUvÓn‡Z †bqv (G¨vbvjm, MZIqvj&` m¤úvw`Z c„.39) hv _vÕwjex bKj K‡i‡Qb, iBm †`m cviwmm, †Rv‡Zbevm© m¤úvw`Z, c.„ 398)| (5)cvivmvO‡K wZb gvB‡ji mgvb aiv nq| Be&b L`y v© exn, c.„ 83; gyK.c.„ 65; gyZvnn& vi ûqvU© m¤úvw`Z, 4, 85| (6) D`vniY¯^iæc, Kz`vgvi `wÿYAvi‡e, c.„ 190; ce~ © cvi‡m¨, Be&b iæm‡& Zn&, c„.168| (7) AwZ cÖvPxb Kvj n‡ZB fvi‡Z `kwU av‡ci ci ¯Í¤¸¢ wj _vK‡Zv, ‡h ¸wj c_mgyn I`i~ Z¡ c`Ö k©b Ki‡Zv (÷ªv‡ev, 15, 1)| (8) gvdvwZn& Avj& Djyg, c.„ 63, gKy .c.„ 66| cieZ©x ‡jLv¸wj‡Z giæf~wg I †ewej‡b `i~ Z¡¸wj 12 gvBj4 cvivmvO †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GUv †ewej‡bi iæevgvi mv‡_ wg‡j bv| ‡÷kb ¸wji g‡a¨ `~iZ¡ eab© m¤¢eZt cieZ©xKv‡j n‡q _vK‡e hLb ‡ewejbgiæfw~ g‡Z cwiYZ n‡q hvq| 3q/9g kZ‡K mg¯Í †÷kb¸wji msL¨v 930 ejv n‡q‡Q (Be&b L`y ©vexn,& c„.153)| (9) Avj& mjy x, AvIivK,¡c¨vwim,c.„ 136| (10) Be&b Ly`©vexn,& c.„ 29| (11) Be&b nvIKvj, c.„ 130|w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bm&jvg 497

cÖavb WvK¸wj wb¤œ iæc wQjt 1| UvBwMÖ‡mi Dci w`‡K evM`v` n‡Z gmjy , †e‡j`1 ch©šÍ, Zvici †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi ga¨ w`‡q wmbRvi,wbwmwem, ivÕm AvBb, nv°vn&, †gbweR, Av‡j‡àv, nvgvZ,wngm,& evÕj‡eK,`vgv¯‹vm, wZ‡ewiqvm, ivg‡jn&, wMdvi,KvB‡iv Ges Av‡jKRvw›`qª v AwZµg K‡i mvB‡ibvBKv chš© Í2| 2| BD‡dw« U‡mi cwðg3 Zx‡i evM`v` n‡Z wmwiqv ch©šÍ hv Avbe& vi ch©šÍ †cŠQv‡Zv| nx‡Z ZvBD‡d«wU‡mi cwðg Zxi AwZµg Ki‡Zv| hvbevnb PjvPj Lye †ekx wQjt 306/918 m‡b nx‡Zi †dix n‡ZmiKv‡ii 80,250 w`bvi Avq n‡qwQj4| c¯y ‡Í K `vgv¯‹vm n‡Z cvjwgiv n‡q `vi hvIqvi c‡_i †Kvb eY©bv cvIqv hvq bv hv cvÖ PxbKv‡j AZ¨šÍ¸iæZ¡cY~ © wQj, Avgv‡`i Kv‡j K`vwPr †m c_ w`‡q hvZvqvZ Kiv nq- †PŠwKi gva¨‡g hvi wbivcËv weavb Kivn‡q‡Q| GgbwK gKy vÏvmxI K‡ib wb, whwb wmwiqvi giæf~wgi c_¸wji wec` ZvwjKv wjwce× K‡i‡Qb| ZLbevM`v` I `vgv¯‹v‡mi g‡a¨ D‡Ui Wv‡Ki cÖPjbI wQj bv hv GLb wbqwgZfv‡e PjvPj K‡i| Z_vwc nxZ n‡Z`vgv¯‹v‡mi c_wU wnmvegZ evM`v` n‡Z wmwiqvq hvevi mswÿßZg c_ nIqvq Zv KLbI KLbI Ak^v‡ivnxivAwZµg Ki‡Zv| GmKj †ÿ‡Z nx‡Zi KgK© Zv© MY KZK„© †e`yBb‡`i iÿxevwnbx (Ldy viv) cÖ`vb Kiv †nvZ| 3| ce~ w© `KKvi cÖavb c_ evM`v‡`i wcQb w`‡q bvniIqvb †mZz AwZµg K‡i, njIqv‡bi wcQ‡biweL¨vZ wmwu o‡Z P‡o cvÖ Pxb †gwWqv‡Z DV‡Zv Ges Avmv`vev‡`i wcQ‡b Av‡iv E‡a© Av‡ivnY K‡i nvgv`v‡biD”Pfw~ g‡Z †cŠQv‡Zv| wMwic‡_i ga¨Lv‡b †LRiy I cbxi weµx Kiv †nvZ6| GB c_wU cÖvPxb Kv‡ji gvbwP‡Îc`Ö wk©Z n‡q‡Q, Ges wbwðZfv‡e cvi‡m¨i ivRvMY †ewej‡b Zv‡`i kxZKvjxb Avev‡m Ges BKevZvbvi D”Pf~wg‡Z Zv‡`i MxÖ ®§Kvjxb Avev‡m hvevi mgq e¨envi Ki‡Zb| †mLvb n‡Z c_wU ivC ( hv Avawy bK †Znivbn‡Z `‡~ i bq) wbkvciy , gvf©, eyLviv, mgiK›` †h‡Zv †hLv‡b(1) giæfw~ gi ga¨ w`‡q †Zwm‡dvb-nvZiv-nviivb Gi mivmwi Ges we¯ÍxY© c_wU hv Zvejy v wcDwZb‡R‡ibv †Z ewYZ© n‡q‡Q, Zv eûw`b c‡~ e©BcwiZ¨³ n‡q‡Q| (2) K`z vgv, c.„ 227 dwj| (3) cÖvPxb Kv‡j iv¯ÍvwU BD‡d«wU‡mi c~e© Zx‡i D‡V †h‡Zv| (Zve.y wcDwZb.)| (4) wf †µgvi, Devi`vm Bbvgev‡RZ `vm AveŸvwm` Gbwi‡Pm, ‡`b&KwkÖd‡Zb `vi DBbvi AvKv‡`gx, fjy¨g.36, c„.307| (5) ZvbyLx, wKZve Avj& dvivR, 2,76,Ab¨vb¨; BD‡d«wU‡m D”P cÖev‡ni wbKU iv¯vÍ ¸wj kvLvq wef³ n‡q Ges iæmvdv n‡q PµvKv‡i `vgv¯‹v‡m †cŠQvq; 440/1048 m‡b Beb&ewy Zqvb Av‡j‡àv †cŠQv‡Z GB c‡_ ågY K‡ib (Be&b Avj& wKdw& Z, c„.295)| GB c‡_I †e`yBb‡`i Øviv jywÉZ nIqvi gZ wec`vc` wQj(wKZve Avj& dvivR, 2,109)| (60 Beb& Avj& iæm‡Zn,c„.167|

w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bmj& vg 498BwZc‡~ eB© ÒPxbv `iRvÓ wQj1| Z~Kx©¯v’ b n‡Z Px‡bi mxgvšÍeZ©x A‡ji c‡_i ¯v’ qxZ¡ c‡_i wbivcËvi Dci wbf©ikxj wQj hvAZ¨šÍ A¯’vqx wQj| Bm&jv‡gi c_Ö gw`KKvi m¤ú~Y© mgq, GgbwK 4_©/10g kZ‡KI †h mswÿß c_wUdiMbv Ges Zvwig DcZ¨Kv n‡q hvq, Zv 8g wLªóxq kZ‡KI2 Pxbviv cQ›` K‡i Z‡e cieZ©x‡Z gv‡K©v†cv‡jv †m c_ w`‡q †M‡jI Zv AcQ›` Kiv nqt †h Kvi‡YB †nvK †Kv_vI Zvi D‡jLø †bB| GgbwKdiMbvi D”P fw~ g DR‡K›` n‡ZI AvjvB wMwic_ e¨envi Kiv nq wb, †hgbwU Avkv Kiv n‡qwQj; Zvicwie‡Z© Zvimvb hvevi Rb¨ †jv‡Kiv AvZ&evm ev Zvev‡mi wMwic‡_i ga¨ w`‡q Av‡iv ÒLvov c‡_ Dc‡iDV‡Zv, hv eid co‡j AbwZµg¨Ó n‡q †h‡Zv, †h c_wU BmwqK n‡« `i `wÿY cwð‡g wQj3| GLv‡bG‡m Zv mgiK›` Pxb mo‡Ki mv‡_ Rskb ˆZix Ki‡Zv, Ges Zv abKy vK…wZi gZ GKUv c‡_i gva¨‡gkvk& (Zvm‡LšÍ), ZvivR (Awj AvZv) Ges weiwK (gvKv© ) n‡q evimv‡b †h‡Zv4| Mv‡`©Rxi hvBb Avj&AvLev‡i (1050 wLóª v‡ãi w`‡K wjwLZ) ¯v’ qx‡Z¡i msÁv Gfv‡e †`Iqv nq; †jvKRb Zvwig AeevwnKvi†cbPjz n‡Z KzPvq †h‡Zv, Zvici c~e© gyLx n‡q Px‡bi mxgvšÍeZx© wPbvb†P‡KZ ch©šÍ †h‡Zv5|(1) gyK.278| (2) wiP‡Zv‡db, Pxb, 1,456| (3) GB c‡_i D”PviY Ges ¯v’ b Mv‡`R© x wbYq© K‡i w`‡q‡Qb, ev_©‡nvì m¤úvw`Z, c„. 89 dwj|Kz`vgvi weeiYx (c„.208) †gvZv‡eK wMwic_wU wZeŸZ, diMYv,Ges bykvhvb Gi g‡a¨ m¤¢eZt `¨ M‡Ri g‡Zi Drm †h bky vhvb †KvU©v‡biPZzw`‡© K wQj (`¨ giy e¨b MM Avb g¨MM, fvwm©j. `vi Avg÷vW©, AvKve, 1888, c.„ 114)| Zv hw`I nq eYb© vwU wg‡j bv, †h‡nZz DR‡K‡›`i ga¨w`‡q Dk wMwic‡_ hvIqv c_wU cwi®‹vi fv‡e DËi w`‡K hvq| Zvi mgvavb GB mZ¨ n‡Z cvIqv hvq †h, ‡mB mgq chš© Í Zvwig AeevwnKv‡KwZeŸ‡Zi e‡j aiv †nvZ; †hgb, Avey `yjv‡di gZ ch©UK Øviv (BqvKZz ,3,447); gyZvn&nv‡i †jLvq (ûqvU© m¤úvw`Z,4) †LvUvb‡K cÖKZ… c‡ÿwZeŸ‡Zi ivRavbx ejv n‡q‡Q| GwU Pxbv Dr‡mi mv‡_I wg‡j hvq; 8g wLªóxq kZ‡Ki gZ cyivKv‡j AvwjBb I wZ‡qbkv‡bi ga¨eZx© kni¸wjwZeŸZ‡K LvRvbv †`q (‡RG,1900, fjy¨g 15, c„.24), hv †m¸wj‡K 9g kZ‡Ki AwaKvsk mgq wbR `L‡j iv‡L Ges Zvici DBNyi I LvijyKZK~ ‡© `i wbKU nvivq (†RAviGGm,1898,c.„ 814)| ce~ © ZK~ x¯© ’vbI Beb L`y v©ex‡ni weeiY (c„.30) Abhy vqx wZeŸ‡Zi `L‡j wQj: AvZvev‡kiAe¯’vb wZeŸZ I diMYvi D”P gvjf~wg‡Z|Ó Bw`mª x (RvIevU© m¤úvw`Z 1,490) †LvUvb‡K (cvÖ q 550/1150 Gi w`‡K) ÒwZeŸ‡Zi ivRavbxe‡jb,Ó Ges `¨ M‡Ri †LvUvb‡K bky vhv‡bi mv‡_ GK K‡i †`Lv‡bvi weiæ‡× †kl hwy ³wU n‡”Q †mB ev¯eÍ Zv †hUv †eiæYx QvovI Mv‡`©Rx GesmvgvÕbx (Ae.562/1167), hv Aveyj wd`v DaZ„ K‡i‡Qb ( wRIMvÖ dx, †ib` m¤úvw`Z, c„.505) Ges †LvUvb‡K Zvi eZ©gv‡b bvgB D‡jøLK‡i‡Qb| (4) Beb L`y v© exn 28 dwj; Kz`vgv 204 dwj; gyK.c„.341| (5) ev‡_©vì m¤úvw`Z, c.„ 91|

w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bm&jvg 499GgbwK eû c~‡e© 630 wLªóv‡ã Pxbv cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mvs KzPv n‡Z cvjywKqvi ga¨ w`‡q (wbtm‡›`‡n ZvMv‡`R© xi ‡cPzj Ges m¤¢eZt Avawy bK AvKm)y BmwqK n«` chš© Í ågY Kivi mgq GB c_B a‡ib1| GgbwKGLbKvi w`‡bI Zvwig AeevwnKv w`‡q ZvmL‡›` †jv‡Ki PjvPj caÖ vbZt AvmK,z †e‡`j wMwic_, KvivKjz ,wcm‡RK Ges Awj AvZvi Dci w`‡qB nq2| `yfv© M¨ekZt Avgiv eSy ‡Z cvwi bv wK fv‡e 3q/9g kZ‡K †mjvø gA_ev Avey `jy vd 4_/© 10g kZ‡K ågY K‡i‡Qb3| gvmy`xi †jLv n‡Z †hLv‡b wZwb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h, ÒwZwb eûPx‡bi hvÎxM‡Yi mv‡_ cwiPq K‡i †bb Ges Rvb‡Z cv‡ib †h †mvMw`qvbvi ga¨ w`‡q †Lvivmvb n‡Z Px‡b †hc_wU wM‡q‡Q Zv m¨vj-G¨v‡gvwbqvK cÖ¯‘ZKvix ceZ© ¸wj AwZµg K‡i hvqÓ hv n‡Z GUv a‡i †bqv hvq †h,4_©/10g kZ‡K Px‡bi c_wU wnD‡qb mvO Ges Mv‡`©Rx ewYZ© GKB c_ wQj; KviY Pxbv weew„ Z Abhy vqx GBce©Z¸wj KPz vi Dˇi wZ‡qb kv‡b Aew¯Z’ 4| cieZx‡© Z GK‡kv eQi AwZµvšÍ bv nIqvi g‡a¨B c_Ö g Aviex†jLK Bw`mª x cvÖ q 550/1155 m‡bi w`‡K diMbv n‡Z cvgx‡ii D”P fw~ g n‡q Zvwig AeevwnKv ch©šÍ c_wUieYb© v K‡ib5; m¤e¢ Zt GUv‡K †mB NUbvi mv‡_ RwoZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h 4_©/10g kZ‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K eMi& vAvwgi cwðg ZK~ ©x¯v’ b Rq K‡ib, Ges c~e© ZK~ ©x¯v’ ‡bi KvkM‡o Zv‡`i evm¯v’ b cwieZb© , d‡j †jvK PjvPjAvevi cvgxi wMwic‡_i w`‡K Ny‡i hvq| gv‡f© Wv‡Ki iv¯vÍ †K›`ªxq †Lvivmv‡b kvLv we¯Ívi K‡i| Zv mivmwi fv‡e ej&‡L hvq bv eis cPÖ ÐPµvKv‡i gvf© b`xi cvk w`‡q gvf© Avi iæ` chš© Í 300 wK‡jvwgUvi N‡y i †gvUvgwy U fv‡e †mUv ZveyjvwcDwZbMvivbvi mgq ‡hgbwU wQj| Zvi GK cvivmvO `~‡i ceZ© ‡kÖYx ïiæ nq †hLv‡b c_wU ZvjvKvb chš© ÍGKUv wMwiLvZ e¨envi K‡i| ej&‡Li c‡i Zv wZiwg‡`i wbK‡U I·vm b`x AwZµg K‡i Ges ivk&‡Zi wbK‡UdiMYvq cÖ‡ek K‡i6| ‡h c_wU wmivR n‡Z wbkvciy hv B‡qR‡`i ga¨ w`‡q Bivb‡K wZh©Kfv‡e †f` K‡i hvq Zv Beb&L`y ©vexn& (c„.50) ch©šÍ jÿ¨ K‡ib Z‡e Be&b iæm‡Zn& ev K`z vg‡Z cvIqv hvq bv| ‡h fv‡eB †nvK Zv c~e©cvi‡m¨i MЇMv‡ji mv‡_ m¤úKh© y³ wQj, hvi d‡j `m¨y MY I c_ `my¨MY B‡qR`& I Zvev‡mi(1) wiP&‡Zv‡db, Pxb, 1,540| (2) m‡fb †nwWb `vP© Gwk‡qbm Dm‡Zb 1,466| (3) `¨ M‡R, `¨ gyi e¨vb M` Gb g¨vMM , gvKz©IqvZ©,A‡¯‡Í ivcvBP †¯¿dR‡y R, c„.74 dwj| (3) wiP‡& Zv‡db Pxb 7,560| Iqvs B‡qb †d, whwb GKBfv‡e 981-983 m‡b ågY K‡ib (Rvbv© jGwkqvwUK,1847, 1,63)| (5) wiP&‡Zv‡db, Pxb, 1,562| (6)

w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bmj& vg 500ga¨eZ©x e„nr giæfw~ g‡Z kw³kvjx n‡q I‡V| Av`v`& D`& †`Šjv (Ae.372/982) c_Ö g GB A‡j kvwšÍI k„•Ljv wdwi‡q Av‡bb, Zvi cieZ©x Kv‡j dvi‡mi cÖ‡Z¨K cÖkvmKB wbqwgZfv‡e GB `m¨y ‡`i‡KRvwgb ivL‡Zb, hv‡`i‡K gv‡S gv‡S Ab¨‡`i Øviv e`j Kiv †nvZ, hv‡Z miKvix wbivcËvax‡bKv‡djvMY wec`gy³ Ae¯’vq AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡i| 4_/© 10g kZ‡Ki ga¨fv‡M wZwb †mLv‡b †PŠwKwbg©vY K‡ib, †mB mv‡_ wbgv© Y K‡ib wgwó cvwbi Rj cÖYvjx; gyKvÏvmx G ai‡Yi my›`i †Kvb BgviZmviv cvim¨ A‡j †`L‡Z cvb wb; †hUv ¯v’ úZ¨ I †cvuPov w`‡q wmwiqvi `‡y M©i gZ ˆZix Kiv n‡qwQj1|Z‡e iv¯ÍvwU DbœZ wQj bv, KviY gyKvÏvmx, whwb Zvevm n‡Z B‡qR` ågY Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, 70 w`be¨q n‡qwQj †h `i~ Z¡ Beb L`y ©vexn 68 cvivmvO wnmve K‡ib; Zvi Kv‡djv c_ f‡z j hvq| ZvieYb© vbyhvqx jyÉbRxwe Kdz &iv ‡mB A‡j evm K‡i hv‡`i †Pnviv eb¨ wQj Avi KwVb wQj Zv‡`i ü`qGes Zviv ïaygvÎ A_© jyÉb K‡iB Z…ß †nvZ bv eis hvi Dci Zv‡`i nvZ co‡Zv Zv‡K Zviv gvbyl†hgb mvc‡K gv‡i wVK †Zgwb fv‡e nZ¨v Ki‡Zv| Zviv gvby‡li gv_v GKLÐ cv_‡ii Dci †i‡LZZÿY ch©šÍ cv_i Qozu ‡Z _vK‡Zv, hZÿY bv Zv P~Y©-weP~Y© n‡q †h‡Zv2| evM`v` n‡Z nRh¡ vÎx‡`i iv¯Ív Kzdvi wbKU BD‡d«wUm AwZµg Ki‡Zv Ges Avj& DavBegiæf~wg‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Zv3| fqven `~iZ¡ nIqv m‡Z¡I n‡Ri¡ †gŠmy‡g g°v mgMÖ †gvnv¤§`x RMZ n‡Zwekvj RbZv‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Zv| agx© q Kvh© nR¡ cvjbB ïaygvÎ Zv‡`i‡K jyä Ki‡Zv, Zv bq; Ab¨AvKlY© wQj nR¡hvÎx‡`i Kv‡djv mg‡y ni Av‡cwÿK wbivcËv, hviv mKj w`K n‡ZB †mLv‡b AvMgbKi‡Zv| 331/943 m‡b †ewejb miKv‡ii AZ¨vPv‡i AwZó n‡q evM`v‡`i eû e¨emvqx nR¡hvÎx‡`iKv‡djvi m‡½ wmwiqv I wgk‡i AwfcqÖ vY K‡i4| wecixZ c‡ÿ 335/946 m‡b evB‡RšÍvbx‡`i wbh©vZbn‡Z gyw³ cvevi Avkvq eû wmwiqvevmx wb‡R‡`i‡K nRh¡ vÎx‡`i Kv‡djvi mv‡_ hy³ K‡i g°v n‡q fxlYNiy c‡_ ågY K‡i; hv‡`i g‡a¨ wQ‡jb Zvim& v‡mi KvRx, hvi wbKU 20,000 w`bvi wQj5|(1) 1881 m‡b Ges 1892 m‡b B‡q‡R‡`i mvaviY e¨w³iv cw_K‡`i Rb¨ †hLvb †Znivb-Zv‡em Ges B‡q‡R`-Zv‡em AwZµg K‡i Zvi DˇiGK wekvj BgviZ wbg©vY K‡i (m‡fb †nwWb, Ry j¨vÐ bvK BwЇqb 2,37 dwj)| (2) gyK.c„.488 dwj| (3) K`z vgv, c„.186| (4) Beb& Avj&RvIhx, dwj.71 G| (5) Aveyj gvnvmxb, 1,174|

w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bmj& vg 501 3q/9g kZ‡K DËi Avwd«Kvi c_wUI KvB‡ivIqv‡bi w`‡K †h‡Zv| †mB mgq m‡y hvM¨ AvNj& vex esk†mLv‡b AvBb k•„ Ljvi ceÖ Zb© K‡ib Ges iv¯ÍvNv‡Ui w`‡K we‡kl gb‡hvM cÖ`vb K‡ib| mg¯Í DcK~jxq c‡_†PŠwK ¯v’ cb Kiv nq d‡j hvZvqv‡Z e¨e¯’v wbivc` wQj1| wb¤œ wgki n‡Z `wy U en„ r c_ cwðg w`‡K hvq; GKwUmg‡y `ªi DcKj~ n‡q (†hgbwU cvÖ Pxb Kv‡j wQj), AciwU Av‡iv `~‡i cwðg w`‡K| cÖ_‡g wØZx‡qv³ w`‡q WvKPjvPj K‡i (Zvwi‡Km& wmK&Kvn)& , Zvici w·cvjxi w`‡K gLy wdivq, †mLvb n‡Z mivmwifv‡e KvB‡ivIqv‡bhvq,Zvici DcK~j a‡i Pj‡Z _v‡K| gvBj¸wj wPwýZ nq; KvB‡ivIqvb n‡Z AvUjvw›UK Zx‡ii mmy & Avj&Av`bvi `i~ Z¡ wQj 2150 gvBj2| GUvB wQj †¯úb‡K cÖv‡P¨i m‡½ hy³ Kivi en„ r ivRc_3| GKUv `wÿYgLy xc_ `vwLj I Kzdivi4 giæ`¨v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q cwðg m`y v‡b †h‡Zv,‡mLvb n‡Z Nvbv Ges J`vM‡¯Í †h‡Zv|4_©/10g kZ‡K evjySo Ges e„wói Kvi‡Y c_wU cwiZ¨³ nq5| WvK e¨e¯v’ wQj miKv‡ii wbR¯^ wRwbl; Zv ÒAveŸvmxq‡`i Rb¨B Pj‡ZvÓ6 Ges LyeBKómva¨ nIqvq Riæix †ÿ‡Î Zv hvÎxen‡bi `vwqZ¡I cvjb Ki‡Zv7| cÎ QvovI `æª Z cÖ`v‡biRb¨ Zv wKQz wKQz miKvix wRwblcÎ I enb Ki‡Zv| ZvB ivRKzgvi gvgyb hLb ch©šÍ†Lvivmv‡bi cÖkvmK wQ‡jb WvK Zvi Rb¨ Kvejy n‡Z UvUK& v gy`x`ªe¨ Avb‡Zv8; Zv Lwjdvi Rb¨Dcnvi mvgMxÖ I enb Ki‡Zv †h mKj wRwbl `xN© hvbevn‡bi Dchy³ †nvZ bv9| hLb RInviLwjdvi c‡ÿ gi‡°v weRq K‡ib Ges AvUjvw›U‡Ki Zx‡i †cЇQb,wZwb Wv‡Ki gva¨‡g Zvimg‡y `iª Dci Avwac‡Z¨i msev` Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ Lwjdvi Rb¨ Kv‡u Pi †evZ‡j f‡i GKUv gvQ†cÖiY K‡ib10| Awfhv‡bi mgq miKv‡ii myweav‡_© GKUv mvgwiK c‡`i m„wó Kiv nq|Gfv‡e D`vniY¯i^ æc ejv hvq †h,hLb 302/914 m‡b evM`v‡`i ‡mbvcwZ wgki n‡Zdv‡Zgx AvµgYKvix‡`i‡K weZvob Kivi Rb¨ †mLv‡b hvb, ZLb DwRi wgki I evM`v‡`ig‡a¨ ˆ`wbK msev` Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ GKUv `æª ZMvgx D‡Ui WvK cÖwZôv Kivi wb‡`©k cÖ`vbK‡ib11| åvZvi wbKU `æª Z‡e‡M Lei †cŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ gBy R D`& †`Šjv WvK‡K `ªæZMvgx K‡ib,whwb Ab¨ cÖ‡`‡ki kvmbKZv© wQ‡jb; wZwb `æª ZMvgx(1) GB Kvi‡YB Kz`vgv DcK~jxq iv¯Ívmgyn D‡jøL K‡ib wb| c.„ 252| (2) Beb& Ly`©vexn, c„.89| (3) H,c.„ 55| (4) †RgviKqz vZ,© †ewbbm¨vgjvO, c.„ 105| (5) Beb& nvIKvj,42,66| 6) gvm`y x, 6, 263| (7) evqnvKx¡ , kqvjx m¤úvw`Z,c„.429| (8) evjvayix, c„.402| (9) Be&b ZvBdzi, dwj,131 we| (10) `¨ M‡R, †RWwWGgwR, 52, 76| (11)Avwie,c,„ 53|

w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bm&jvg 502evZv© evn‡Ki (myÕivn&) cÖeZ©‡bi Rb¨ kKUv‡ivnxi (dzqyR) wb‡qvM cÖ`vb K‡ib1| evM`v‡`i ZiæYmgvR GB byZb †ckvi cÖwZ eo iK‡gi AvMÖn †`Lvq Ges `wi`ª RbMYZv‡`i †Q‡j‡`i GB Kv‡h©wkÿvcÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Avwgi‡`i wbKU kZ©wenxbfv‡e c`Ö vb K‡i| `æª ZMvgx evZ©evnK‡`i g‡a¨ `yÕRbwewkóZv ARb© K‡i hviv Df‡q m~‡hv©`q n‡Z m~h©v¯Í ch©šÍ 30 cvivvmv‡Oi AwaK `~iZ¡ (cÖvq 180wK‡jvwgUvi) AwZµg K‡i2| Zviv AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq n‡q I‡V; HwZnvwmK GgbwK Zv‡`i bvg chš© ͆iKWf© ~³ K‡i‡Qb, GK_v D‡jLø K‡i †h, Zv‡`i GKRb wQj mybœx Ges AciRb wkqvn& wQj| iv¯ÍvicÖwZ cvivmvO AšÍi GKUv `yM© (wnmb&) _vK‡Zv| m¤¢eZt Zviv Avi Wv‡Ki †Nvov e¨envi K‡i wb,K‡iwQj `ªæZMvgx DU (hv¤§vhvn&)| D`vniY ¯^iæc 395/975 m‡b eyqvB` DwRi KZ©…K, G ai‡YiRš‘B wb‡qvM Kiv nq, hLb wZwb `æª ZMwZ‡Z evM`v` n‡Z cvi‡m¨ Zvi cÖf~i wbKU hvb3| GQvovI †hfv‡eB †nvK †Kvb †Kvb †Rjvq Ges Aí `~i‡Z¡i Rb¨ e¨w³MZ Wv‡KiI cPÖ jbwQj A_ev my-mse× evZ©vevn‡Ki `j| wLóª xq cÂg kZ‡Ki gZ cvÖ Pxb Kv‡jI wb¤œ wgk‡iiwmgg& v‡PvB bvgavix cÎevnKMY Zv‡`i `æª ZMwZi Rb¨ weL¨vZ wQj| †hgbwU GKUv ivBbvic¨vwciv‡m ‡`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Zviv wLªóxq Aóg kZ‡KI Aw¯ÍZe¡ vb wQj| AwZ m¤úªwZi GKRb ch©UKGg, Iqvb¯ø¨ve e‡jbt Ò Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv‡Z †h evZ©vevnK n‡Z Pvq Zv‡K 27 gvBj `~ieZ©x †iv‡mZvkni n‡Z mh~ ©v‡¯iÍ c‡~ e© wd‡i Avmvi Rb¨ gvby‡li mgvb GKUv jvwV enb Ki‡Z nq hvi gv_vq DËvcMnÖ ‡Yi Rb¨ ZvIqvi gZ GKUv Av¸‡bi Swz o _v‡K Ges †mLv‡b †jvnvi evjv jvMv‡bv _v‡K4|Ó AwMœ †UwjMÖvd (ms‡KZ †cÖiY) hv evB‡Rb&Zvbx mv¤vª ‡R¨ cPÖ wjZ wQj, Zv gmy wjg AwaKZ…cÖv³b MxÖ K †`k¸wj‡Z cÖPwjZ wQj Z‡e Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡`kmgy‡n cÖPjb Kiv nq bvB| Kw_Z Av‡Q Zvwe‡kl K‡i DcK~jxq AÂjmgy‡n fvj KvR K‡i| GB e³e¨ 3q/9g kZ‡Ki Rb¨ Lv‡U| wKDUv n‡ZGKUv evZv© GK ivwÎi g‡a¨ Av‡jKRvw›`qª vq †cŠQvq5 Ges w·cvwj †_‡K wZb †_‡K Pvi N›Uvq|cieZ©x jvBbwU gvÎ 440/1048(1) Be&b Avj& RvIhx, dwj 34; ‡Kvqv‡Î‡gqvi| wn÷.gvgjyK.2,289, wKZve Avj& Bb&kvi ci| mvÕC bvgwU Ak¦cÖwkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ GLbI cPÖ wjZ Av‡Q| (2) Be&b Avj& RvIhx, dwj 34; Beb Avj& Avw_i,8,425 (40 cvivmv‡Oi †ekx)|(3) Be&b Avj& Avw_i,8,480: _vÕwjexi jvZvBd& Avj& gvÕwid c„.15 †Z c`Ö Ë wnmve Abyhvqx †m¸wj ¯^”Q›` MwZ wewkóDU, wµqvc` Rvgvhvn&i A_© Ò¯”^ Q›` MwZ‡Z Pjv|Ó ce~ © cvi‡m¨ me †P‡q `ªæZMvgx DU n‡”Q †ejyPx †`Šowe` hv‡KRvgevm e‡j, hv wKbv mvgvb¨Zg †Kk¬ e¨ZxZ w`‡b 100 wK‡jvwgUvi Pj‡Z cv‡i (m‡fb †nwWb Kz jvÐ bvK BwЇqb2,346 dwj)| AZGe Rvgevm n‡”Q dvimx fvlvq GKUv RbwcÖq kã| (4) dzivi `vP© `vB A‡÷jvO ivBbvi,c„.53|(5) Aveyj gvnvmxb, 1,174|

w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bm&jvg 503mv‡jB †kl n‡q hvq hLb `yM© ¸wj‡K †e`yBb‡`i n‡Z wbivcËv cÖ`v‡b e¨_© nIqvq cwðg dv‡Zgx‡`iweiæ‡× we‡`ªvn K‡i1| Aciw`‡K †gvnv¤§`xMY Avqvmmva¨ cÖ‡Póvi d‡j evnK cvqivi Wv‡Ki cÖPjb K‡ib hv†ivgK‡`i mg‡q cÖPwjZ wQj2| KvivgvZx m¤úª`v‡qi cwÖ ZôvZvB (Zq/9g kZK) m¤¢eZt †mUv‡KcÖ_g c×wZMZfv‡e Ges wecyj cwigv‡Y msMVb K‡ib| Zvi Rxebaviv ïiæ n‡Z wZwb wewfbœ ¯v’ bn‡Z cvLxi gva¨‡g Zvi †ewej‡bi AvkÖq¯’‡j evZ©v Avmvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib, d‡j Zvi c‡ÿ mn‡R ImwVKfv‡e fwel¨ØvYx Kiv m¤¢e nq3| 4_©/10g kZ‡Ki cÖvi‡¤¢i mgq n‡Z ‡ewej‡b Nb Nb Zviwb‡qvM jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| 304/916 m‡b be wbe©vwPZ DwRi evnK cvqivi gva¨‡g Zvi AvMgb evZ©v†NvlYv K‡ib4| hLb 311/923 m‡b KvivgvZxiv emiv Ae‡iva K‡i Zviv bMievmx‡`i‡K Pviw`bc~‡e© IRvi‡Z cwieZ©‡bi evZv© †cŠwQ‡q w`‡Z mg_© nb, †h LeiwU Zviv BwZc~‡e© evnK cvqivigva¨‡g cvÖ ß nb5| 313/927m‡b KvivgvZx hy‡×i cvÖ °v‡j Be&b gyK&jvn& (cieZ©xKv‡j DwRi)GKRb †jvK‡K 50wU evnK cvqiv w`‡q Avbe& vi †cÖiY K‡ib, Ges Zv‡`i gva¨‡g wbqwgZ weiwZigva¨‡g evM`v‡` Z_¨ †cÖiY K‡ib6| †mB GKB eQ‡i DwRi KvivgvZx‡`i weiæ‡× AvKviKz‡d 100Rb‡K 100wU cvqiv w`‡q WvK cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges cwÖ Z N›Uv AšÍi evZv© i `vex K‡ib7| 321/933m‡b GKRb mvaviY e¨w³ Kdz vi fvM¨ m¤^‡Ü DwRi‡K cby ivq Avk¯¦ Í Ki‡Z mg_© nb, KviY Kdz viAwaevmx Zvi GKRb cÖwZ‡ekxi cvqiv, miKvix cvqivi †P‡q AwaK AbyK~j msev` Avb‡Z mg_©n‡qwQj8| 328/940 m‡b evM`v‡`i kvmbKZ©v GKUv cvqiv AvUK Ki‡Z mg_© nb hvi gva¨‡g ZvimwPe Zvi kÎæ‡`i ¯v^ ‡_© Zvi m‡½ wek¦vmNvZKZv Ki‡Z ‡P‡qwQ‡jb9| ivK&Kvn& Ges gmyj WvKcvqivi gva¨‡g 24 N›Uvi g‡a¨ evM`v`, IqvwmZ, emiv Ges Kdz vi mv‡_ msev` Av`vb c`Ö vb Ki‡Zcvi‡Zv10| GB kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡a© Avjx eskxq †gvnv¤§` Be&b Igi `æª ZZvi mv‡_(1) gvii& v‡Kkx, Abyev` dvMbvb,c„.299| (2) w`‡qjm,Gw›UK †UKwbK, c.„ 68| (3) `¨ M‡R, †gg. miy †jm Kvivgv‡_m,c„.207| 700 wLóxq kZ‡K Px‡bi cÖ_gev‡ii gZ evnK cvqivi K_v †kvbv hvq, Ges g‡b nq fviZxq A_ev Aviee¨emvqxivB Zv cPÖ jb K‡i (PvI Ry Kqz v, Abyev` nv_© G¨vÐ iKwnj&, c„.28, †bvU 2)|(4) DRviv, c„.33| (5) Avwie, `¨M‡R m¤úvw`Z, c„.110 dwj| (6) wgmK& ,5, 306; Beb& Avj& Avw_i 8,135; AwaKš‘ H 8,240| (7) wgmK& ,5,298|(8) H,5,416| (9) H,6,22| kãwU cieZ©x BwZnv‡m cÖvqB †`Lv hvq| (1)) _vÕwjex, Dgv`& Avj& gvbmye, †RWwWGgwR8,512|

w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bm&jvg 504msev` Av`vb c`Ö v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ evM`v` Ges Kdz vq WvK cvqiv iv‡Lb1| hLb GKRb KvivgvZx `~‡ZiAvMgb evZv© †NvlYv Kiv nq ZLb Av`v`& D`& †`Šjv Zv‡K Zvi Kzdvi `~‡Zi evox‡Z Ae¯v’ b Kiv‡bviRb¨ Zvi GK Rb m¤£všÍ e¨w³‡K wb‡`©k †`b| Avjx eskxq e¨w³ GKUv Kzdvi cvLx cvVvb; `~ZwUGKUv evM`v‡`i cvLxi gva¨‡g DËi cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges K‡qK N›Uvi g‡a¨ Zv‡`i g‡a¨Kvi Kviev‡iiwb®úwË n‡q hvq2| miKvi mvaviYZt ch©UK‡`i‡K †Kvbiæc evav cÖ`vb Ki‡Zv bv; wbwðZ K‡i ejv hvq†h,AšÍZt 2q/8g kZ‡K cÖv‡P¨ kn‡ii †Zvi‡Yi wbK‡U kn‡i cÖ‡ekKvix †Kvb e¨w³i bvg‡iwRóvif~³ Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb KiwYK ev †iwRóvi ivLv †nvZ bv3| 3q/9g kZ‡Ki c_Ö gv‡a©i GKUv†jLv n‡Z Px‡b cÖPwjZ cvm‡cvU© e¨e¯v’ ‡K GKUv Avðh©RbK wKQz e‡j g‡b †nvZ bv4| wgk‡i†gvnv¤§`x Avg‡ji c_Ö g n‡ZB cvm‡cvU© c_Ö vi KovKwo Pj‡Z _v‡K| KvD‡KB KZ©…c‡ÿi AbygwZe¨wZ‡i‡K Zvi †Rjv Z¨vM Ki‡Z †`Iqv †nvZ bv| Kw_Z Av‡Q †h 100/729 m‡bi w`‡K cÖkvmKGB g‡g© wb‡`©k †`b †h, ÒKvD‡K hw` †Kv_vI hvIqvi mgq ev mwi‡q †bqvi mgq, Rvnv‡R Povimgq ev bvgvi mgq cvm‡cvU©wenxb (wmwRj) Ae¯v’ q cvIqv hvq, Z‡e Zv‡K †MdÖ Zvi Kiv n‡e GesRvnvRwU AvUK K‡i R¡vwj‡q †`Iqv n‡e|Ó‡mB ai‡Yi cvm‡cvU© ¸wj c¨vwciv‡mi msMÖ‡ni mv‡_msiwÿZ Av‡Q5| Zzjby xq‡`i Avg‡j wgki Z¨v‡Mi mgq cvm‡cv‡U©i (RvIqvh) cÖ‡qvRb †nvZ GesZv‡Z gwb‡ei m‡½ ågYKvix `vm‡`i bvgI wjwce× Ki‡Z †nvZ6| Aci c‡ÿ cÖv‡P¨ Zv GKUvˆewkóc~Y© cÖ_v wn‡m‡e jwÿZ nq, †hLv‡b eyqvB`‡`i ivRavbx wmiv‡R GK e¨w³‡K AvUK K‡i ivLvnq Ges ïagy vÎ AbygwZ wb‡qB, †m ¯’vb Z¨vM Ki‡Z mÿg nq7|(1) ÔDg&`vZ AvZ& Zvwje, c¨vwim, wgmK& G¨vive,636, dwj.171 G| (2) Be&b Avj& RvIhx,evwj©b, dwj.145 G| Ab¨vb¨Ôcvqiv †UwjMÖvg mgny Õ| wgmK& 6,13,19,412| (3) AvMvbx, 19,147| (4) wmj&wm‡jZ& AvZ& ZvIqvwiL, †igÐ m¤úvw`Z,c„.42| (5) wm, GBP, †eKvi, Bmj& vg,2,369| (6) gvMw& ie, Be&b mvC`, fjvi m¤úvw`Z, c„.53| (7) gyK.c.„ 429|

mvgwy `Kª †bŠ-cwienb EbwÎsk Aa¨vq ‡gvnv¤§`x mvgwy `Kª †bŠ-cwienb `yBwU c„_K GjvKvq wef³ wQj; f~-ga¨ mvMi I fviZgnvmvMi| my‡q‡Ri wbKU Df‡qi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM eÜ wQj| †KD fvi‡Z A_ev c~e© Gwkqvq †h‡ZPvB‡j Zv‡K dvivbvq D‡Ui wc‡V gvj †evSvB K‡i mvZ w`b giæf~wg AwZµg K‡i Kzjhyg (MÖxKKx¬ hgv) †cЇQ Avevi Zv‡K Rvnv‡R Po‡Z †nvZ1| ZvQvov RvnvR¸wjI c„_K ai‡Yi wQj| f~-ga¨mvM‡ii RvnvR¸wji KvV †c‡iK w`‡q Mvu _v †nvZ,Ab&¨ w`‡K †jvwnZ mvM‡ii ev fviZgnvmvM‡ii RvnvR¸wji Z³v †mjvB K‡i2 evbv‡bv †nvZ; wbtm‡›`‡n †hUv wQj me †P‡q wek¦-e¨vcxRvnvR evbv‡bvi mbvZb wbqg wQj| Beb RyevBi 6ô/12k kZ‡K Zvi cÖwZ‡e`‡b wj‡L‡Qbt †jvwnZmvM‡ii †Kvb Rvnv‡R †c‡iK e¨envi Kiv nq bv| Z³v¸wj bvi‡K‡ji `wo w`‡q wbQK †mjvB Kivnq| Z³v¸wj Zvj Kv‡Vi †MvuR w`‡q d‡z Uv Kiv nq, Zvici †m¸wj‡K QvM‡ji Pwe©,K¨v÷i A‡qj evnv½‡ii Pwe©‡Z †fRv‡bv nq; †k‡liUvB DËg3| gv‡Kv© †cv‡jv 7g/13k kZ‡K nig‡y h e¨eüZRvnvR¸wj m¤‡^ Ü wj‡L‡Qbt nigy‡h cÖ¯ÍZK…Z RvnvR¸wj me‡P‡q bxPz gv‡bi Ges AZ¨šÍ wec¾bK|†mUv GB Kvi‡Y †h, Zviv RvnvR evbv‡bvi Kv‡R †Kvb †c‡iK e¨envi K‡i bv| Z³v¸wj hZ`i~ m¤¢eAZ¨šÍ mveav‡b ‡jvnvi Zzicyb w`‡q wQ`ª Kiv nq,Zvici Kv‡Vi †c‡iK ev †MvuR XzwK‡q †`qv nq;Gfv‡eB Zviv Z³v¸wj ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ †Mu‡_ †d‡j| Gici †m¸wj‡K evuav eis GK ai‡Yibvi‡K‡ji `wo w`‡q †mjvB Kiv nq hv fviZxq bvi‡Kj n‡Z ˆZix Kiv nq| cxP e¨envi Kiv nqbv; Z³v¸wj †Zj w`‡q †fRv‡bv nq hv GK cÖKvi gvQ n‡Z ˆZix Kiv nq4| cv_K© ¨ n‡”Q HwZn¨MZ Ávb,wKš‘ hv mvaviYZt N‡U Zv n‡”Q DcKvwiZvi Kvi‡Y †mUv KiviB civgk© †`qv nq| gv‡K©v †cv‡jv e‡jb,ÒZ³v¸wj Ley B(1) Beb Ly`©vexn,c„.153; B`ªxwm, evª ‡Ðj m¤úvw`Z, Dcmvjv, c„.2; gvKwiwh,1,213| (2) gvm`y x,1,365| (3) c„.29, B`ªxwm,1,wm| (4) H1,18|

w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bmj& vg 506k³ Ges Zv gvwUi cv‡Îi gZ †d‡U ev †f‡½ hvq| hLb †c‡iK †VvKvi †Póv Kiv nq Zv wd‡i Av‡m A_ev cvÖ qB †f‡½hvq|Ó Beb RyevBi e‡jb,Ò ‰Zj e¨env‡ii cÖavb KviY n‡”Q Z³v¸wj hv‡Z big nq Ges mgy‡`iª wewfbœ †XDGigKy vwejv K‡i Pvjv‡bvi Dc‡hvMx nq, †mUvB RvnvR evbv‡bvi mgq †c‡iK e¨envi bv Ki‡Z †`qvi cÖavb KviY|Ó ZZ… xqhyw³wU n‡”Q mg‡y `ªi †c‡iK¸wj AvKl©Y K‡i †bevi fq1 hv A‡b¨iv e‡j †h, †jvwnZ mvM‡i eû Py¤^K ce©ZAv‡Q ‡h ¸wj †c‡iK‡K AvKl©Y K‡i d‡j RvnvR weaŸ¯Í n‡q hvq2| f~-ga¨ mvM‡ii RvnvR¸wj gnvmvM‡ii RvnvR¸wj n‡Z eo †nvZ| Pxbv ïé cwi`k©K PvI RyKzqv 13k kZ‡K cÖksmvi mv‡_ cwÖ Z‡e`b w`‡q‡Qb wKfv‡e,ÒGKUv RvnvR nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl enbK‡i, †mLv‡b g‡`i Ges Lvev‡ii †`vKvb, GgbwK ZvuZ I _v‡K3|Ó ïaygvÎ f~-ga¨ mvM‡iiRvnvR¸wj‡ZB `‡y Uv gv¯‘j _vK‡Zv4| †h¸wj gnvmvM‡i Pj‡Zv †m¸wj‡Z GKUvi †ekx cvUvZb_vK‡Zv bv Ges ïaygvÎ GKUv cvj _vK‡Zv5| †jvwnZmvM‡ii RvnvR¸wj AmsL¨ gMœ ˆk‡ji Kvi‡Yeo Zj wewkó †nvZ bv6 emivi RvnvR¸wj mv`v †nvZ, hv‡Z Pwe© I Pb~ gvLv‡bv †nvZ7| c~e©w`‡KiRvnvR¸wji g‡a¨ ÔPxbvÕ RvnvR¸wjB me© e„nr †nvZ| †m¸wj cvim¨ DcmvM‡i mnRfv‡e Pj‡Zcvi‡Zv bv, A_P Ab¨ RvnvR¸wj cvi‡Zv8; gvjvev‡ii e›`‡i †m¸wj‡K Ab¨‡`i †P‡q 5 †_‡K 50¸Y ‡ekx ïé cÖ`vb Ki‡Z †nvZ9; Ges AZx‡Z 8g kZ‡KI Zv‡`i A‡bK eo nIqvi Kvi‡YK¨v›U‡bI mK‡ji we¯§‡qi D‡`Kª Ki‡Zv; Òcvwbi Dc‡i UvIqv‡ii gZ GZUv DuPz †h Rvnv‡R PoviRb¨ gvby‡li 10 wdU j¤v^ gB‡qi `iKvi †nvZ|Ó †m¸wj †h me K¨v‡Þb Pvjv‡Zv Zviv Aek¨ Pxbv‡nvZ bv (dvb)10| RvnvR evbv‡bvi Rb¨ me †P‡q g~j¨evb Z³v †j‡eK MvQ n‡Z cvIqv †h‡Zv †h MvQ Gw›Ubv‡Z(1) gvmy`x,1,365| (2) me©cÖ_g B`xª wm‡Z cvIqv hvq, RevU©,1,46, nvmvb Beb& Avj& gybw& a‡ii Avhv‡q‡e, hv wKbv Avmj ÒwgivwejvÓ mvwn‡Z¨icwÖ ZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| Gi ci Av‡m KvRwewb,Dm‡Zb‡dì m¤úvw`Z,1,172| gZy vnn& vi whwb cvi‡m¨i Af¨šÍ‡i evm Ki‡Zb wZwbB KvwnbxwU e‡j‡Qb,†Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb †h, cwð‡gi mvM‡i †Kvb RvnvR PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY Pz¤^K ce©‡Z †c‡iK¸wj AvKlY© K‡i| (ûqvU©m¤úvw`Z,1,89)| (3) GdAvi,nv_©, `vB j¨vÐvi `vm Bmjvg bvP PvBwbwm‡ðb KBz jxb| (4) Beb& RyevBi,ivBU m¤úvw`Z,c„.235| (5) gv‡Kv©†cv‡jv,1,18,3,1| (6) B`xª wm, Ab eª‡Ðj,c„.2| (7) gvm`y x,8,128| (9) H,c„.17| (10) nv_© G¨vÐ iKwnj, PvI Ry Kzqv,c„.9|

w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bmj& vg 507(Gw›U‡bv) Rb¥v‡Zv; GKUv Z³vi `vg wQj 50 w`bvi| `y‡Uv‡K GKmv‡_ †eu‡a GK eQ‡ii gZ cvwb‡ZwfwR‡q ivLv †nvZ hv‡Z dz‡j `‡y Uv GK m‡½ wg‡k GKUv n‡q hvq1| 4_/10g kZ‡K †fwbmImviv‡mb‡`i‡K RvnvR evbv‡bvi Rb¨ Z³v mieivn Ki‡Zv hvi Rb MÖxK m¤ªvU †Wv‡Ri wbKU bvwjkK‡ib| †Wv‡R †mB Abymv‡i wbwl× K‡ib, ïaygvÎ AÿwZKviK G¨vk A_ev ccjvi Kv‡Vi cuvP wdU j¤^vI `By wdU PIov nvW©‡evW© Ges Kv‡Vi evmbcÎ weµ‡qi AbygwZ †`b2| Gi d‡j wgk‡i Ggbfv‡eKv‡Vi Afve nq †h, iYZix¸wj evbv‡bvi Rb¨ UvKkvj fe‡bi wbivcËv Z³v Ges KeyZi gv‡K©‡UinvmcvZv‡ji Z³v¸wj e¨envi Kiv nq3| mgy`Mª vgx Rvnv‡Ri gv¯j‘ ¸wj Avgv‡`i c‡Ö gv` åg‡Yi †evU¸wji gZ `wo w`‡q evbv‡bv†nvZ4|GB mg‡qi †jLKMY K¤úvm m¤^‡Ü wKQzB e‡jb wb, hv cÖ_‡g 1282 wLªóv‡ã KvcPvKx e‡j‡Qb5Ges Zvici gvKw& iwh (c„.845/1442)6| Rvnv‡Ri Dci A‡bK †bv½i (MxÖ K Avbhiy ) _vK‡Zv7 ; _vK‡ZvAvIqvR Kivi Rb¨ wk½v8| †bv½i Kiv Ae¯’vq RvnvR †U‡b †bqvi Rb¨ †bŠKv e¨envi Kiv †nvZ9|Be&b nvIKvj whwb A‡bK ågY K‡i‡Qb, wZwbœ‡m Ges wgk‡ii e-Øx‡c bvweK‡`i `ÿZv †`‡L wew¯§Zn‡q‡Qb-Ò`yBwU RvnvR GKwÎZ nq GKwU †¯ªv‡Zi cwÖ ZK‡~ j AciwU †¯vª ‡Zi AbyK‡~ j GKB evZv‡m`‡y Uv‡ZB cvj LvUv‡bv Ges `‡y UvB GKB iKg `ªæZ MwZ‡Z PjwQj10| bvweK‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb Wzeiy xIwQj11| 11k kZ‡Ki RvnvR¸wj‡Z Kvj µxZ`vmI wQj hviv †PvL †Lvjv Ae¯’vq Wez w`‡Z(1) gvK&wiwh,wLZvZ,1,204, w`bIqvixi cy¯ÍK ÔMvQ MvQovi cy¯ÍKÕ m¤úv`bvq fjz fv‡e Ô‡ebRUªxÕ †jLv n‡q‡Q| (2) k¨‡e,‡n‡Ûj‡RmwP‡Z `vi†ivgvwb‡ðb fjKvi,c„.23 dwj| GgbwK 19k kZK ch©šÍ wgki Bgvi‡Zi Rb¨ †fwbm n‡Z Z³v Avg`vbx Ki‡Zv, Ges Gwkqv gvBbi n‡Z wKQzR¡vjvbx KvV (B& D wR wm‡Rbm wi‡Rb, 3,207); GgbwK eZg© v‡bI †ev‡Ui gv¯j‘ ¸wj eø¨vK d‡i÷ n‡Z Avg`vbx Kiv nq| (3) Bqvwnqv webmvC`,dwj.113G| (4) gyK.0,2| (5) K¬vc‡iv_, ‡jUvi mvi jvÕBb‡fbkb `¨ e‡y mvj, c¨vwim,1834| (60) wLZvZ,1,210|(7) gvi‡fwjm `¨GjÕB‡›`,c.„ 87| (8) H,c.„ 30| (9)H,c.„ 46| (10) c„.103| c~e©w`‡K hLb evZvm _vK‡Zv bv ZLb cvj Z‡z j RvnvR Pvjv‡bv †nvZ (gv‡Kv©†cv‡jv 3,2)| (gv‡Kv© †cv‡jvi kã¸wj gv‡k©b ivBU m¤úv`bvq, Òhw` evZvm evgw`‡K _vK‡Zv Ges Wvbw`‡K bqÓ Abyev`‡Ki UxKv)|

w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bmj& vg 508cvi‡Zv1| 8g/14k kZ‡K GKRb Avi‡ei cÖwZ‡e`b Abhy vqx fviZ gnvmvM‡ii RvnvR¸wj‡Z Pvi RbWez iy x (NvZvm) _vKvi K_v Rvbv hvq; hviv Rvnv‡R cvwb XKz ‡j Zv‡`i kix‡i wZ‡ji ˆZj g`©b K‡i†gvg w`‡q bvK eÜ PjšÍ Ae¯’vq Rvnv‡Ri Pvwicv‡k muvZvi w`‡q †gvg w`‡q d‡y Uv¸wj eÜ Ki‡Zv,hvivcwÖ Zw`b wek †_‡K wÎkwU Rvnv‡R Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv2| GKRb Pxbv cwÐZ 9g kZ‡K wb‡¤œ ewY©Zfv‡ee‡j‡Qb|Òcvi‡m¨i RvnvR¸wj‡Z eû KeZy i ivLv †nvZ| Zviv eû nvRvi jx D‡o †h‡Z cvi‡Zv| GeshLb †Q‡o †`qv †nvZ, GK Dov‡j my-msev` enb K‡i N‡i wdi‡Z cvi‡Zv3| gnvmvM‡i Pjvi mgqcÖwZw`b AwffveK †d‡ikZvi Rb¨ GKwU cv‡Î PvDj I MxÖ R ivLv †nvZ4| 10g kZ‡K f~-ga¨ mvM‡i BD‡iv‡ci KZ…©Z¡ wQj bv| ‡mUv wQj Avie‡`i mvMi| †h †KD wKQzKi‡Z B”Qv Ki‡Zv Zv‡K mviv‡mb‡`i mv‡_ wgÎZv ¯v’ cb Ki‡Z †nvZ, †hgbwU K‡iwQj †bcjm, †M‡UGes G¨vgvjwd| BD‡ivcxq mgy`ª cwienb `fy v©M¨RbK Ae¯’vq wQj| 935 m‡b dv‡Zgx gvn`xi h×yRvnvR `wÿY dv« Ý,‡R‡bvqv, Ges 1004 m‡b wcmv AvµgY Kivi ÿgZv ivL‡Zv, hw`I †mB mg‡qdv‡Zgx iYZix mgny wmwiqvi Zjz bvq wbKó… wQj, ZvB 301/913 m‡b Zv‡`i AvwkwU iYZix 25wUwmixq iYZixi wbK‡U m¤ú~Yi© æ‡c civf~Z nq| Avie‡`i AvUjvw›UK n‡Z f~-ga¨ mvMi w`‡q Avw›U‡qvKe›`‡i Avm‡Z 36 w`b jvMv‡Zv5| GB ÒGw›U‡qvK e›`iÓ wQj †mjwy mqv hv 3q/9g kZ‡K wmwiqvi¸iæZc¡ ~Y© evwYwR¨K †K›`ª wQj6, hv Lwjdv Avj& gyZvwmg `yM© †ewóZ K‡ib7| Zvi me‡P‡q eo AmyweavwQj Zv mvBcÖvm Ges Gi ga¨Lv‡b wQj gMœ ceZ© mgyn †mvdvjv) hvi Dci eû RvnvR weaŸ¯Í †nvZ8|Avgv‡`i‡K ejv n‡q‡Q 3q/9g kZ‡K wmwiqvi w·cvjxi ‡cvZvk‡Ö q GK nvRvi RvnvR aviY KiviÿgZv wQj; evB‡RZvbx‡`i weiæ‡× mvgwiK e›`i wQj Uvqv‡i, hv wecyjfv‡e `yM©-‡ewóZ K‡i msiwÿZ(1) PvI Ry Kzqv, c„.32| (2) wMj‡WbgvB¯vÍ i, wRwmGb,1882,c„.444| (3) PvI Ry Kzqv, c.„ 28| (4) gv‡f©‡jm `¨ jÕB‡›`,c.„ 46| (5)B`ªxwm,‡WvRx m¤úvw`Z,c„.214| (6) Gw›U‡qvK n‡”Q †cÖv‡Kvwcqvm wewkó GLb ch©šÍ ‡ivgvb‡`i Iwi‡q‡›Ui c_Ö g kni (nvB` †jfvb‡Zbnv‡›`j1,24)| (7) Beb Ly`v© exn& c.„ 152,gvB‡Kj mvBivm, k¨veU m¤úvw`Z c.„ 521, 537| (8) gvm`y x,1,332|

w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bmj& vg 509Kiv n‡qwQj1| Z‡e 4_/© 10g kZ‡K evB‡RZvbx‡`i AMMÖ wZ wmwiqvi GB mKj Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b N‡U|DËi AvwdK« vi DcK†~ ji c~‡e©i AskwU †bŠ-PjvP‡ji Rb¨ †gv‡UB AbyKj~ wQj bv| Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv IwZDwbm DcmvM‡ii g‡a¨ GKgvÎ Rjc_ wQj w·cvjxi gva¨‡g| ‡mUvI ‡mB mgqKvi †QvU Zj wewkóRvnv‡Ri Rb¨I Ach©vß wQj; AwaevmxMY Zv‡`i †bŠKv w`‡q webv cvwikwÖ g‡K AvMšK‘ ‡`i‡K Zx‡ibvg‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zv2| Zvici Av‡m wZDwbm hv wQj KvB‡ivIqv‡bi e›`i,hv cÖvPxb Kv‡ji mgy‡`ªiwcqÖ v Kv‡_‡© Ri wbK‡U Aew¯Z’ wQj| wjmeb ågY Kvwnbx Ôcwð‡gi bvweKMYÕ3 m¤¢eZt 4_©/10gkZ‡Ki mv‡_ hy³| ÒZviv gnv mgy`ª‡K Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z †ei n‡jv, wK Zv‡Z Av‡Q †`L‡Z Ges Zviwe¯w…Í Zi cwigvY wbYq© Ki‡Z|Ó Zviv wQj AvURb PvPv‡Zv fvB; Zviv GKUv hvÎxevnx RvnvR wbg©vYKi‡jv; eû gvm Pjvi Rb¨ Lvevi I cvbxq wbj Ges c‡~ ei nvIqv ïiæ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ hvÎv ïiæKi‡jv|AvU w`b åg‡Yi civ Zviv Ggb GKUv mvM‡i †cŠvQv‡jv †hLv‡b eo eo †XD,AÜKvi, AmsL¨cÖevj cÖvPxi Ges Av‡jv Lye Aí4| wech‡© qi AvksKv K‡i cvj‡K cwieZ©b K‡i Zviv `wÿYgy‡Lv hvÎvïiæ Ki‡jv Ges †fovi Øx‡c †cŠQv‡jv| Gi ci Zviv Av‡iv evi w`b Pjvi ci Ggb GK¯v’ ‡b †cŠQv‡jv†hLv‡b Kw… lKvh© nq| GLv‡b Zv‡`i‡K †MdÖ Zvi K‡i ivRavbx‡Z wb‡q hvIqv nq,Ges KvivMv‡i wb‡ÿcKiv nq,Zvici GKRb ‡`vfvlx Avi‡ei mvnv‡h¨ Zv‡`i‡K wZb w`b wRÁvmvev` Kiv nq| hLb cwðgvevqy eIqv ïiæ nq Zv‡`i‡K †PvL †eu‡a mgy`ª Zx‡i †bqv nq Ges Zv‡`i‡K RvnvR Pvwj‡q P‡j †h‡Z†`qv nq| wZbw`b ci Zviv Ggb GKUv †`‡k †cŠQv‡jv †hLv‡b evieviiv evm K‡i| Zv‡`i †¯ú‡bwdi‡Z `yB gvm jv‡M5| cÖevj cÖvPxi I cwÖ ZKj evZv‡mi Rb¨ †jvwnZ mvMi‡K mK‡jB fq Ki‡Zv; Ges ïaygvÎ w`‡bi†ejv‡ZB ågY Kiv m¤¢eci †nvZ; GQvovI wQj Zvi A™¢~Z AvBb Kvbby hvi d‡j Zvi evZvm wbqwšZ¿†nvZ; GKUv we‡kl FZz‡Z DËi †_‡K `wÿ‡Y Ges Ab¨ mg‡q Zvi wecixZ w`‡K eB‡Zv| Acic‡ÿbx‡ji MwZc_ hv †jvwnZ mvM‡ii mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j cÖevwnZ †nvZ †bŠ-PjvP‡ji Rb¨I Zvi ¸iæZ¡ eRvq(1) BqvKez x, f‡~ Mvj,c.„ 327| (2) Be&b nvIKvj,c„.46| (3) gvMvwieybv cob– | (4) cÖvPxbKv‡ji Avie gZvgZvbmy v‡i wec`RbK mvMi¸wj KvjwQj| Gfv‡e cvÖ ‡P¨i w`‡K `~iZg mvM‡ii bvg wQj evni Avj †RdwZ, ÒKò… mvMiÓ,KviY Zvi cvwb wQj †Nvjv,evZvm cPÖ Ð,Ges AÜKvi cvÖ qAweiZ| †ib`, Aveyj †d`v, 2,26)| (5) B`xª wm, †WvRx m¤úvw`Z c.„ 184| BmZvLix,c„.30, gvmy`x,3,56; B`ªxwm, eªv‡Ðj m¤úvw`Z, c.„ 1|

w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bmj& vg 510iv‡L| wewbg‡qi e›`i wQj AvB`ve,Mfxi Ges wbivc`,GKUv wMwiLv‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q †h‡Z †nvZ1| GLv‡bB bvgv‡bv †nvZAvwewmwbqv, B‡q‡gb I RvwÄev‡ii cY¨`ªe¨, Zvici giæfw~ gi ga¨ w`‡q 20 w`b Pjvi ci Av‡mvqvb A_ev Kz‡m†cŠQv‡Zv †mLvb †_‡K Zviv bxj A_ev KvB‡ivi w`‡K AMÖmi †nvZ2| 5g/11k kZ‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K AvB`ve DbœwZikx‡l© †cŠQvq, Ges GKwU we‡ki¦ GKwU Ab¨Zg e›`‡i DbœxZ nq; Ò†Kvb GK ARvbv Kvi‡Y DËi Avwd«Kvi e¨emvevwYR¨ GLvb n‡ZB c~‡ei© w`‡K AMmÖ i nq; Ges ev¯wÍ eKB 450/1058 n‡Z 660/1258 wgk‡ii nR¡hvÎxMY AvB`v‡eiga¨ w`‡qB Zv‡`i hvÎvc_ Ae¨vnZ iv‡L; 823/1420 Gi Av‡M †mUv G‡W‡bi Kv‡Q Zvi ¸iæZ¡ nvivq bv3|Ó †mB mg‡qcÖwZ nR¡ hvÎxi Dci 8 w`bvi ïé avh© Kiv †nvZ4| cwieªvRK Beb RyevBiI 579/1183 m‡b AvB`ve‡K ÒhvZvqv‡ZiKvi‡Y cw„ _exi e¨¯ÍZg e›`i¸wji Ab¨Zg g‡b K‡ib, KviY fviZI B‡q‡gb n‡Z RvnvR G‡m †mLv‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i, nR¡hvÎx‡`i K_v ejvB evûj¨|Ó fviZxq ‡MvjgwiP‡K wZwb GKUv cÖavb cY¨ `ªe¨ g‡b K‡ib5| gvm`y x 332/943 m‡b †j‡Lbt ÒAvwg eû mvM‡i ågY K‡iwQ, Pxbv, †ivgvb, LvRvi, †jvwnZ mvMi Ges AviemvMi Ges eûevi fxwZKi Ae¯’vq c‡owQ Z‡e Avwd«Kvi mvMi e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kv_vI GZ †ekx fq¼i Ae¯’vq cwowb|Ó304/916 m‡b wZwb RvwÄevi (Kvbevjy) n‡Z Igv‡b mg`y ªhvÎv K‡ib; cÖ‡Z¨K bvweK hv‡`i mv‡_ wZwb ågY K‡ib Geswd‡i Av‡mb mK‡jB mgy‡`ªi MÖv‡m cwiYZ nq6| ZLb RvwÄev‡ii kvmbKZ©vMY gmy wjg wQ‡jb7; AvwdK« vq åg‡Yi my`i~jÿ¨¯’j wQj †mvdvjv (†gvRw¤^K) †hLv‡b Zviv †gvmvbvj¨v‡Ði8 ¯^Y© fvÐv‡ii cwÖ Z AvK…ó †nvZ; †hLvb n‡Z wbgv© Y Kv‡RiRb¨ fvi‡Z †jŠn †ciÖ Y Kiv †nvZ, †hLv‡b †mUv n‡Z D”Pg~‡j¨i `ªe¨vw` c¯Ö ‘Z Kiv †nvZ9| AvaywbK HwZnvwmKMY mwVKZvwiL cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb; 908 Gi w`‡K gvn`xmy (BUvjxi †mvgvwjj¨v‡Ði †gvMvwW‡·v) ¯’vwcZ nq, †hgb eªvIqv, Rvgv© b c~e©Avwd«Kvi wKjIqv 975 m‡bi w`‡K10| GUv wiRexi ÒRvwÄevi †Wvwgwbq‡bi Dci cÖwZ‡e`bÓ (c.„ 47) Dci wfwË K‡i,whwb †mLvbKvi eZ©gvb Kv‡ji BwZnvm‡K AbymiY K‡ib|(1) Dm‡Zb‡dì, KvjvKvmvw›`, c„.69| (2) bvwmi Lmiæ,c.„ 64 whwb 442/1050 m‡b kniwU cwi`k©b K‡ib| (3) gvK&wiwh, wLZvZ,1,194-197; 202-203| (4) B`xª wm,RvI`vZ©,1,133| (5) c„.66| (6) †cÖBixR,1,233, dwj| (7) H,3,31| (8) H,3,6| (9) B`xª wm,RvIevZ©,1,65| (10)ÑÑw` †i‡bmuv Ae Bmj& vg 511

Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q GB we&l‡q †Kvb cvÖ Pxb Drm †bB; m¤¢eZt `wÿY Avi‡ei HwZnvwmKMY Avgv‡`i‡K wKQzZ_¨ mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ‡gvnv¤§`x bvweK‡`i Kv‡Q cvim¨ DcmvMi G‡Wb n‡ZB ïiæ nq, Avi‡ei Pvwi cv‡k N‡y i cvim¨DcmvM‡i †cŠQvq Ges †hLv‡b †ejywP¯vÍ b ïiæ nq †mLv‡b †kl nq| ev` evKx me UzKzB fviZgnvmvMi| mvMi `yBwU wecixZ FZz‡Z †bŠ cwienb ‡hvM¨; hLb GKwU kvšÍ _v‡K Ab¨wU SÅvÿzä GeswecixZµ‡g| cvim¨ DcmvM‡ii Lvivc mgqwU kirKv‡j ïiæ nq, fviZ gnvmvMi gnv wely‡ei mgqemšÍ I kirKv‡j| cvim¨ DcmvMi Ab¨ me mg‡q, fviZ gnvmvMi ïaygvÎ kxZKv‡j1| GB Kvi‡Yc_Ö gwU Rj`m¨y‡`i wkKv‡ii cÖavb ¯’vb, hv‡`i Rb¨ Avie DcK‡~ ji GZ e`bvg| cÖ_gev‡ii gZ200/815 m‡b emivi †jvKRb evnivB‡bi Rj`m¨y ‡`i weiæ‡× GK Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i2; 4_©/10gkZ‡K †`‡ki †jvKRb mk¯¿ evwnbx (bvd&dvwZb) Rvnv‡R bv wb‡q †jvwnZ mvM‡i †bŠ-PjvPj Kivimvnm †c‡Zv bv3| m‡KvÎv Øxc wec¾bK Rj`my¨‡`i Av¯vÍ bv wQj; hvi cvk w`‡q hvevi mgq gvbyl f‡qKvuc‡Zv| GUvB wQj fviZxq Rj`m¨y ‡`i Av¯Ívbv †hLvb n‡Z Zviv wek¦vmx‡`i Dci AZwK©‡Z nvgjvPvjv‡Zv4| Rj`m¨y Zv‡K KLbI AmvgwiK †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q Am¤§vbRbK KvR g‡b †nvZ bv, GgbwKGKRb †KŠZznjx ev D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †jv‡Ki Rb¨I| Aviex‡Z Zvi †Kvb we‡kl msÁv †bB| BmZ& vLi& x(c.„ 33) GgbwK Zv‡`i‡K ÔmvM‡ii `m¨y IÕ e‡jb bv, wKš‘ Zv‡`i‡K AZ¨šÍ †gvjv‡qg fvlvq ÔjÉy bRxexÕe‡jb| Aciw`‡K Zv‡`i‡K fviZxq fvlvq `m¨y ejv nq5| mv¤ªv‡R¨i mvMi mgy‡n me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e›`i wQj G‡Wb, wmivR Ges Igvb| wØZxq †kÖYxiwQj emiv, w`ejy (wmÜzi †gvnbvq),Ges nigyh, wKigvb e›`i| G‡Wb wQj Avwd«Kv I Avi‡ei eoevwYR¨ †K›`ª Ges Pxb, fviZ I wgk‡ii ms‡hvM¯’j| gKy vÏvmx Zv‡K Px‡bi cvk©¦ c‡Ö Kvô e‡jb|(1) gyK.c.„ 97| (2) Bm&ZvL&ix,c„.34| (3) wmjw& m‡jZ AvZ& ZvIqvwiL, j¨v½jm m¤úvw`Z (300 wnRixi w`‡K wjwLZ) c.„ 51| (4) Beb& Avj&evj&Lx,‡RAviGGm 1912, c.„ 188| (5) c.„ 206| (6) Bm&ZvLi& x,c„.138| (7) gvf© `¨ jÕB‡›`,c„.98|w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bm&jvg 512

gvbyl GLv‡b 1000 w`invg wb‡q ïiæ K‡i 1,000 w`bvi wb‡q evox wdi‡Zv, Ges Ab¨Rb 100 wb‡qïiæ K‡i 500 wb‡q wdi‡Z cvi‡Zv| GKRb myMwÜ wb‡q ïiæ K‡i Zvi cwie‡Z© mg cwigvY Kc~©i wb‡qwdi‡Zv1| wmivR wQj cvim¨ DcmvM‡ii wek¦-e›`i †hLvb w`‡q cvi‡m¨i mg¯Í Avg`vbx I idZvbx†nvZ2| GUv we‡kl K‡i Px‡bi e›`i wQj; GgbwK Px‡b †ciÖ Y Kivi Rb¨ B‡q‡g‡bi `eª ¨vw`I wmiv‡RRvnvR e`j †nvZ3| 300/921Gi w`‡K Rvnv‡Ri Dci Av‡ivcKZ… ï‡éi cwigvY wQj 2,53,000w`bvi4| wmiv‡Ri AwaevmxMY cvi‡m¨i me‡P‡q abx wQ‡jb, †hUv Zv‡`i ‡m¸b Kv‡Vi eûZj wewkó DPu zevox¸wjB cÖgvY w`Z; Bm&ZvL&ixi GKRb cwiwPZ e¨w³ evox evbv‡Z 30,000 w`bvi e¨q K‡ib4|cÖavb e¨emvqxMY AZ¨šÍ mv`vwmav †cvlvK ci‡Zb;Bm&ZvLi& x (c„.139) †Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb †h,‡mLv‡bwgwjqb w`bv‡ii gvwjK Ggb †jvKI †`Lv †M‡Q hvi †cvlvK cwi”Q‡` Zvi Kg©Pvix‡`i ‡_‡K c_„ K wQjbv| wmiv‡Ri AwaevmxMY emiv n‡Z e¨emv Ki‡Zb| Be&b nvIKvj †mB iKg GKRb e¨emvqx‡K†`‡Lb whwb wZb wgwjqb w`bv‡ii gvwjK wQ‡jb hv wZwb †Kv_vI †`‡Lb wb5| wmiv‡Ri eû †jvK mgy‡`ªBRxeb KvwU‡q‡Q, hvi d‡j †mB Kvwnbxi m„wó n‡q‡Q †h Zv‡`i GKRb Pwjøk eQi GK RvnvR n‡Z Ab¨Rvnv‡R e¨emv K‡i‡Qb, KLbI Wv½vq e¨emv K‡ib wb6| wmiv‡R wQ‡jb †mB e¨w³ whwb Rvnv‡RigvwjK wQ‡jb gny v¤§` Beb evexkv`, wewkó e¨emvqx wn‡m‡e GKRb fviZxq ivRv hvi cÖwZK…wZ ˆZixK‡ib| GRb¨ †h, mKj cÖKvi weL¨vZ e¨w³‡`i cwÖ ZK…wZ cÖ¯Z‘ Kiv Zv‡`i GKUv cÖ_v wQj7| wmiv‡RiAe¯v’ b GZB djcÖm~ wQj †h cÖvP¨ I fviZxq e¨emvqx‡`i mv‡_ †gvnv¤§`x e¨emvqxMY dvimx‡Z AvjvcKi‡Zb| GgbwK AvRI KwZcq dvmx© kã mgy`ªhvÎvi e¨vcv‡i e¨eüZ nq,‡hgb, bv‡Lv`v (RvnvRgvwjK), w``e& vb (‡`Lv‡kvbv(1) gKy &.97| (2) BmZ& vLi& x,c„.34| (3)wmj&wm‡jZ& AvZ& ZvIqvwiL,j¨v½jm m¤úvw`Z (cvÖ q 300 wnRixi w`‡K †jLv) c.„ 51| (4) Be&b Avj&evj&Lx,‡RAviGGm 1912, c.„ 188| (5)c„.206| (6) BmZ& vLi& x,c.„ 138| (7) gvf©.`¨ jÕB‡›`,c„.98|w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bm&jvg 513Kvix,cnÖ ix), ivn&evb ( m¤¢eZt ivn& evb) ÒK¨v‡Þb1|Ó Aci c‡ÿ ÔAvnŸvbKvix†KÕ(†h K¨v‡Þ‡biAv‡`k KvÐvix‡K †cŠQvZ) Ôgby v`xÕ ejv †nvZ, hv Avie‡`i e¨envwiK Rxe‡b AZ¨šÍ cwiwPZ2| K¨v‡Þb

mKj‡K GB e‡j kc_ Kiv‡Zb †h, Zviv KLbI †Kvb RvnvR‡K aŸs‡mi gy‡L †V‡j w`‡e bv, hZÿYchš© Í Zv wUu‡K _v‡K Ges wbqwZ Zv‡K ch`©y ¯Í K‡i bv †d‡j3| emivi Ae¯’vb wQj mgy`ª n‡Z †¯ªv‡Zi wecix‡Z `yB w`‡bi c_4| b`xi gy‡L ‡cPu v‡jv Øx‡c†QvÆ `My © Avev`vb Av‡Q Zvi Awaevmx‡`i RxweKv wQj nvjdv gv`iy evbv‡bv5, †hLv‡b gvbyl AbZy vcKivi Rb¨ †h‡Zv6| GLv‡bB Rvnv‡Ri ïé Av`vq Kiv †nvZ7|, Ges GLv‡bB Rj`m¨y ‡`i `g‡bi Rb¨`yM© wQj| Qq gvBj `‡~ i mgy‡`ªi wfZ‡i GKUv Ni wQj hv gvwU‡Z LuywU c‡yu Z ¯‘‡ci Dci evbv‡bvn‡qwQj, hvi Dci wQj evwZNi,‡hLvb n‡Z ivw·Z Av‡jv R¡vjv‡bv †nvZ, hv‡Z RvnvR¸wj †mUv‡KGwo‡q Pj‡Z cv‡i8| emivi GKRb Kwe GKRb ÿxYKvq fvmšÍ e¨w³‡K wb‡q Gfv‡e e¨v½vZ¥K KweZv†j‡Lbt ÒAveŸv`v‡bi gZ gLy , Kvô e¨ZxZ Avi wKQBz Zvi †cwÖ gK ‡bB9|Ó Gvmy`x 4_©/10g kZ‡K wZbwU Kvô L‡Ði K_v Ges bvwmi Lmiæ 5g/11k kZ‡K `&yBwUi K_ve‡j‡Qb10| cieZ©x‡Z D‡jøwLZ †jLK †mUvi wbLyZu eY©bv w`‡q‡Qbt Òeo eo †m¸b KvV cy‡u Z †m¸wj‡KeM©vKvi j‡¤^i AvK…wZ Kiv †nvZ, hv‡Z wfwË cÖk¯Í nq Ges(1) ÒK¨v‡ÞbÓ bq, †hgbwU mvaviYfv‡e †jLv nq, Zvi bvg ivÕm& A_ev iæeŸvb (gKy .c„.31)| bv‡Lv`v evexkv` whwb wb‡Ri Rvnv‡R ågY K‡ib,Zvi m‡½ wQj D`vnviY ¯^iæc, ÔRvnv‡Ri iæeŸvbÕ mgy`ªhvÎv †`Lv‡kvbv Kivi Rb¨| mg`y hª vÎvi `ÿZv KLbB bv‡Lv`vi wQj bv, me`© vB wQjiæeŸv‡bi| eZ©gvb mg‡q bv‡Lv`v Avj& evni& mZ¨B RvnvRwU cwiPvjbv K‡ib, whwb bvweK‡`i‡K Av‡`k †`b, Av‡iv gRvi welq n‡”Q, GKB mv‡_nvj a‡ib Ges cvBjU, whwb bv‡Lv`v Avj& evni& A_v© r Rvnv‡Ri gvwjK n‡Z c_„ K (wf.gvjRvb,wb‡qb IqvjdvjyZ bvP gv°v,1865, 1,71)| (2)gvf.© `¨ jÕB‡›`,c„.22| (3) H,c.„ 22| (4) Bm&ZvL&ix,c„.79| (5) gKy .c.„ 118| (6) DRviv,c„.73| (7) BqvKzZ, Bikv`,1,77| (8)BmZ& vLi& x,32, gyK.c.„ 12 whwb eû Av‡jvwKZ N‡ii D‡jLø K‡i†Qb|(9) BqvZxgv,2,134| (10) gvmy`x,1,230|w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bmj& vg 514

kxl©¯’vb miæ| †m¸wj †m¸wj mgy`ª c„ôv n‡Z cÖvq cÂvk wgUvi ch©šÍ DuPz †nvZ, Ges Zvi wkL‡i cnÖ ixiRb¨ GKUv †Kweb ˆZix Kiv †nvZ| GUv n‡ZB kvZ& Bj& Avie e›`‡ii ÎæUx¸wj cwijwÿZ nq, hv wQjKg Mfxi Ges msKxY© cÖ‡ek c_ wewkó| gyKvÏvmx‡K ej‡Z †kvbv hvq,ÒGKev‡i PwjøkwU RvnvR XzK‡Zcv‡i1|Ó G‡Kev‡i c~‡ei w`‡K †gvnv¤§`x KviLvbv¸wj wKQUz v †Mvj‡g‡j g‡b nq2| cÖvPxbKv‡j 8g kZ‡KRvnv‡Ri K¨v‡Þb‡K K¨v›U‡bi †bŠ-evwYR¨ ey¨‡iv‡Z bvg ‡iwRwóª Ki‡Z ‡nvZ; Ges GB e¨y ‡ivi RvnvRcwi`k©b Kiv I idZvbx ïé3 I fvovi Dci Ki Av`vq Kivi ÿgZv wQj; hv Kivi ci †Kvb RvnvR‡Kgvj Lvjvm Kivi AbygwZ †`qv †nvZ| g~j¨evb I `y®úÖvc¨ e¯‘ idZvbx Kivi Dci wb‡lavÁv wQj|†PvivPvjvb †Kvb cÖ†Póv Ki‡j KvivMv‡i e›`x Kivi kvw¯Í wQj4| m¤¢eZt Px‡bI ¯v’ ‡b ¯’v‡b †gvnv¤§`xKviLvbvmgny wQj; 758 m‡b K¨v›U‡bi cwð‡gi K‡jvbx GZ †ekx Rbeûj wQj †h, Zviv ‡h †KvbbMi‡K jyÉb K‡i, eo eo ¸`vgNi¸wj R¡vwj‡q jwy ÉZ`eª ¨ wb‡q †h‡Z mÿg wQj5| 9g kZ‡Ki ïiæ‡ZK¨v›U‡bi KZ©v †mB a‡g©i cÖavb, hv‡K wePviKvh©, cÖPvi, bvgvR cwiPvjbv Ges gmwR‡` mgªv‡Ui Rb¨†`vqv Kivi Rb¨ Px‡bi m¤ªvU wbhy³ K‡ib6| Ò‡mB mg‡q hLb †Kvb RvnvR †cŠQv‡Zv, Pxbviv mg¯Ígvjvgvj ev‡Rqvß Ki‡Zv Zvi ci ¸`vg N‡i Rgv ivL‡Zv, hZÿY Qq gvm a‡i Zvi †kl bvweK bvAvmv ch©šÍ RvgvbZ w`Z; Zvici gv‡ji me©`vB GK-Z…Zxqvsk wb‡q wbZ; Ges evKx¸wj e¨emvqx‡`i‡Kw`‡q w`Z| miKvix cÖ‡qvR‡bi `ªe¨¸wj me©`v bM` D”P g‡~ j¨ wK‡b wbZ Ges KL‡bv ‡Kvb cÖKviAm`ycvq Aej¤^b Ki‡Zv bv| GmKj e¯i‘ g‡a¨ Kci©~ I _vK‡Zv hvi Rb¨ miKvi cÖwZ g‡Y 50,000†iŠc¨gy`ªv w`Z| miKvi bv wb‡j Kc~©‡ii `vg A‡a‡© K †b‡g AvmZ8| ÒAb¨vb¨(1) c„.12| (2) Pxbv Drm¸wj AwZ m¤úªwZ d«.nv_© Ges WweøD,WweDø iKwnj Øviv msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q| PvI Ry Kzqv, †m›U wcUvm©evM©, 1912,c„.9dwj| (3) g‡b nq ÔAvg`vbx ï‡éiÕ Rb¨ GKUv RvnvR (Aby.)| (4) PvI Ry Kyqv,c„.9| (5) H c„.14 dwj| (6) †ib`, wi‡jkvb, c„.14| (7)Gi A_© ¯úó bq,wKš‘ Rgb© kãwU Ab¨fv‡e Abyw`Z n‡Z cv‡i bv (Abey v`‡Ki UxKv)| (8) †ib`, wi‡jkvb, c.„ 46|w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bmj& vg 515

Avg`vbx `ª‡e¨i g‡a¨ wQj, n¯Íx`šÍ, Zvgvi `Ð,K”Q‡ci †Lvjm,MÐv‡ii wks hv w`‡q Zviv†Kvgie›`(?) ˆZix Ki‡Zv1|Ó †mB mg‡q ïaygvÎ gmy wjgivB mgy`ªhvÎv Ki‡Zv bv, Px‡biRvnvR¸wjI Igvb, wmivd Ieyjøv Ges emivq Avm‡Zv2| Px‡bi BwZnv‡m Avie bvweK‡`i Ges Px‡b gymwjg e¨emvqx‡`i aŸs‡mi K_v wjwce×Av‡Q, we‡kl K‡i Lvbd‡z Z (Aaby v K¨v›Ub)4| Zvs es‡ki cZ‡bi ci `wÿY Px‡bi mKj wKQzBaŸsm Kiv nq5; Ges †bŠ-evwY‡R¨i ¯’vbwUI ¯v’ bvšwÍ iZ Kiv nq| w` gv‡f©jvB `¨ jvÕB‡›`cwi®‹vifv‡e 4_/© 10g kZ‡K mvwe©K Ae¯’vi cÖwZdjb NwU‡q‡Q; eY©bv K‡i †h ZLbKvi w`‡bgvjv°vi Kvjvn& ev †K`vn& hv Aaby v wm½vcy‡ii c~em© ~ix wQj; †mUvB wQj gymwjg †bŠ-evwY‡R¨i†kl mxgv| Avey `yjvd cwi®‹vi fv‡e e‡j‡Qb,ÒKvjvn& n‡”Q fvi‡Zi ïiæ, Ges †bŠ-PjvP‡ji†kl mxgv; Zvici Avi RvnvR ‡h‡Z cv‡i bv, †M‡j †kv‡Ki KviY nq6|Ó GKB fv‡e gvmy`x332/944 m‡b †j‡Lbt Ò Kvjvn‡Z eZ©gvb Kv‡ji wmivd I Igv‡bi †gvnv¤§`xMY Pxb †_‡KAvmv RvnvR¸wji mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i| †mLv‡bB Px‡bi hvIqvi Awfjvmx mgiK‡›`i e¨emvqxPxbv Rvnv‡R I‡V7|Ó 10g kZ‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K Pxbv miKvi Avevi mivmwifv‡e ˆe‡`wkKevwYR¨‡K AvKó… Kivi Rb¨ †Rvi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| `wÿY mg‡y `ªi e¨emvqx‡`i‡K Ges hviv mgy`ªAwZµg K‡i we‡`‡k hvq Zv‡`i‡K ÒPx‡b G‡m myweavRbK k‡Z© Avg`vbx Ki‡Z AvK…ó KiviRb¨ `~Z †cÖiY Kiv nq|Ó 971 m‡b K¨v›U‡bi †gwib e¨y ‡iv cby Mw© VZ nq; 980 m‡b ‰e‡`wkKevwYR¨ miKv‡ii GK‡PwUqv n‡q hvq; Ges we‡`kx‡`i mv‡_ e¨w³MZ †jb †`b gy‡Li Dci ‡QKu v(1) H,c„.35| cÖkœwU †jL‡Ki| (2) gvm`y x,1,308| nv_© G¨vÐ iKwnj PvI Ry Kqz v‡Z, c„.15 G 3 †NvlYv K‡ib †h, ‡m¸wj Pxbv gvwjK‡`iRvnvR nIqvUv G‡Kev‡iB Am¤e¢ , GgbwK Pxbviv cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb, KviY bvg¸wj G‡Wb Ges wmivd bvg¸wj Pxbv‡`i wbKU 12k kZK chš© ÍARvbv wQj| ‡mUv GB Z‡_¨i mv‡_ wg‡j hvq †h, Avieiv KLbB Pxbv bvweK‡`i K_v e‡jwb Ges Px‡b ‡gvnv¤§`x KviLvbv¸wj aŸsm Kivi ciAvi †Kvb Pxbv RvnvR Avie mvM‡i Av‡mwb| AZGe kã¸wj Øviv †gvnv¤§`x RvnvR¸wj Px‡bi mv‡_ e¨emv K‡i‡Q eSy ‡Z n‡e| (3) †ib`,&wi‡jkvb,c.„ 62 dwj. Ges gvmy`x 1, Aveyj †d`v, G¨vbvjm, cÖvq 264| (4) mwVK cwiP‡qi Rb¨ nv_© G¨vÐ iKwnj †`Lyb, PvI Ry Kzqv,c.„ 15|(5) wiP‡& Zv‡db, Pxb,1,572| (6) BqvKzZ,3,453| (7) 1,308|w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bm&jvg 516

‡`qv ev wbev© m‡bi kvw¯Í †`qv nq| †mB mg‡q Ges Zvi cieZ©xKv‡j eû †gvnv¤§`x e¨emvqx‡`ibv‡gv‡jøL Kiv nq, hviv Pxbv `iev‡i hvb, Ges Zv‡`i‡K D‡jøL‡hvM¨ eÜzZ¡cY~ ©fv‡e ¯v^ MZg Kiv nq|cÖ_gev‡ii gZ 376 wLóª v‡ã GKRb Avie GKRb Kò… Kvq µxZ`vm‡K Pxbv `iev‡i wb‡q hvq, 11kkZ‡K K¨v›U‡bi eû abx e¨emvqxMY Gai‡Yi GKvwaK µxZ`v‡mi gvwjK wQ‡jb1| ïaygvÎ K¨v›U‡bBwKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ ‰e‡`wkK evwYR¨ cwÖ Zôv nq wb, myqvb †PЇZI n‡qwQj; 999 m‡b Òwe‡`kxKg©KZ©v‡`i Ab‡y iv‡a Ges mwy eavi Rb¨Ó mvgwy `Kª evwY‡R¨i ey¨‡iv mgy`ª e›`i n¨vs‡PŠ I wgb‡PЇZI‡Lvjv nq2| 1178 m‡b GKRb Pxbv †jLK †Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb,Òabx †`k¸wj g‡a¨ hv‡`i wbKUiKgvix I g~j¨evb `ªe¨vw` wQj Zv‡`i †KDB Avie‡`i‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| Zv‡`i c‡ii ¯’vbRvfvi, ZZ… xq ¯’v‡b cv‡jgevs (mygvÎv) Ges Zvic‡i Ab¨vb¨ A‡b†K3| †mB GKB †jLK Px‡b†bŠevwYR¨ m¤^‡Ü Zvi †jLv Av‡iv bevwqZ K‡ib| ÒAvie‡`i †`k¸wj (ZvÕkx) n‡Z cwieªvRKMY cÖ_‡g†QvU †QvU Rvnv‡R `wÿYgyLx n‡q Kjz ‡y b (gvjvevi) †cŠQvq; ‡mLv‡b Zviv eo eo Rvnv‡R gvj DVvqGes cv‡jgevs‡qi w`‡K iIbv nq4| Px‡b hvIqvi c_ †gŠmygx evqyi MwZ c_B wbqwš¿Z K‡i, hv webvK¤úv‡m Mfxi mg‡y `ª PjvPj m¤e¢ K‡i; j¨v½jm m¤úvw`Z wmjwm‡jZ AvZ& ZvIqvwi‡L Gi wek` weeiYi‡q‡Q (‡ib`&,wi‡jkb `vm f‡q‡Rm,c¨vwim,1845 G Da„wZ w`‡q‡Qb) c„.16 dwjI Ges BebL`y ©vexn,61 dwjI, Ges Zv gv‡fj© vB `¨ jÕB‡›` n‡ZI cby MV© b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Zviv DcKj~ ZxieZ©xågY Ki‡Zv A_ev g¯‹Z n‡Z GKgv‡m gvjvevi e›`i Kzjv‡g †cŠQv‡Zv (Aaby v Kjz yb), ZvicikxÖ jsKv‡K Wv‡b (?) †i‡L wb‡Kvei Øxcc‡y Ä †cŠQv‡Zv (kxÖ jsKv n‡Z 10 n‡Z 12 w`‡bi c_),Zvicigvjv°vi †K`vn‡& Z †cŠQv‡Zv hv wKbv Kjz yb n‡Z GKgv‡mi c_, Zvici Rvfvq Ges gvÕB‡Zi my›` Øx‡c;†mLvb n‡Z 15 w`‡b Kv‡¤^vwWqvq,Zvici †KvwPb Pxbv Ges Px‡b| ïaygvÎ Pxbv DcKj~ ågY Ki‡ZBjvM‡Zv `By gvm; Ges Zvici †h‡nZz H mKj A‡j cÖvq Aa© erm‡ii Rb¨ GKUv evZvm cÖevwnZ nq(1) PvI Ry Kzqv,c„.31, dwj.| (2) H,c.„ 17 dwj.119| (3) H,c„.23| (4) H,c.„ 24| (5) †jLK Aek¨B evgeywS‡q‡Qb (Abyev`‡Ki UxKv)| 13k kZ‡K Pxbv PvI Ry Kqz v †gŠmygx evqiy mvnv‡h¨ GKgv‡m mgy vÎv n‡Z gvjvevi hvIqviwnmve K‡i‡Qb| gv‡Kv© †cv‡jv,3,4| 5g wLóª xq kZ‡K Pxbv cwieªvRK dvÕwn‡qb GB c‡_B fviZ n‡Z Px‡b wd‡i‡Qb|w` †i‡bmuv Ae Bm&jvg 517

Zv‡`i‡K AbyK~j evZv‡mi Rb¨ A‡cÿv Ki‡Z nq| wdiwZ åg‡Y Zviv 40 w`b ågY K‡imqy vb‡PŠ n‡Z AvwZ‡q‡Z (mygvÎvi DËi-cwðg we›`‡y Z) ; †hLv‡b Zviv e¨emv-evwYR¨ K‡icieZx© erm‡i mgy`hª vÎv K‡i wbqwgZ evZv‡mi mvnv‡h¨ 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ evox †cŠQvq1| webvhš¿cvwZ‡Z mgy`ª cwiågY wQj GKUv `ytmvnmx KvR, ZvB GKRb K¨v‡Þb whwb GiæcmvZevi ågY K‡i‡Qb, wZwb m‡ev© ”P ckÖ smvi mv‡_ D‡jwø LZ nb2| ÒågY ‡k‡l m¯y ’ I mejfv‡e †`‡k †divUv wQj GKUv A‡jŠwKK e¨vcvi †hUv ev¯ÍweK c‡ÿB Am¤e¢ wQj3|Ó ZvBhLb fw~ g †`Lvi ci cÖnix gv¯‡‘ ji wbKU n‡Z bx‡Pi †jvK‡`i cÖwZ PxrKvi K‡i e‡j,ÒhvivKv‡u ` Zv‡`i Dci Avjøvn& m`q †nvb| Avjøvn& gnvb!Ó Avi bvweKMY DËi †`q,ÒAvjøvn&gnvb!Ó Avb›` I m‡y Li Av‡e‡k Kvbvœ KvwU K‡i Zviv ci¯úi‡K Awfb›`b Rvbvq4|(1) GUvB AšZÍ t c‡ÿ PvI Ry Kqz v 12k kZ‡Ki GKUv Pxbv cÖwZ‡e`‡b wj‡L‡Qb| c„.114| (2) gv‡f© `¨ jÕB‡›`,c„.80| (3) H| (4) H, c.„ 91| MšÖ c’ Äx

Kiz ÕAvb I nvw`m e¨ZxZ Zq… I PZ_z © kZ‡K Rb¥MnÖ YKvix †h mKj ‡jLK, Kwe I cwÐZ‡`i bvg I Zv‡`i iwPZ cy¯KÍ mgny W.Av`g †g‡Ri M‡elYvi welqe¯‘| 1| Kiz ÕAvb 51| Beb †ivm‡Zn& 2| nvw`m 52| Avey byqvBg, ZvwiL B¯úvnvb 3| wgmKvIqvBwn, wKZve Avj& Dqyb| 53| myqyZx, ûmbyj gynv`viv 4| Beb& Avj& RvIhx, evqvb, 54| hviKv¡ bx 55| bvIqvqx (bvIqvex) gby &Zvhvg| 56| gyZvn&nvi 5| Beb Avj Avw_i 57| Beb nvhg, wgjvj 6| Aveyj †d`v 58| eyLvix, wKr Avj †ZŠwn` 7| gvmy`x, Zvbwen& 59| KvjvKvmv›`x 8| evK&ix 60| mvgviKv›`x, eymZvb Avj Avwiwdb 9| gvK&Kvix 61 | LvIqv‡iRgx, ivmv‡qj10| wdwnwi¯Í 62| Avj nvm&mvd, Av`ve Avj& Kv`x11| ZvMixev`x© 63| hvnvex, ZvwiL Avj Bmjvg12| Bqvwnqv Beb mvC` 64| gvIqv`x©13| BqvKzex, f~‡Mvj 65| Beb nvRvi14| Be&b nvIKvj 66| Avj `veŸx15| gyKvÏvmx 67| _vÕjvex, wKr Avnmvb gv mywgqv, jvZvBd16| DqRy17| Avj myjx, AvIivK¡ Avj gvÕwid18| Avwie 68| ûmix19| BqvKzZ, Bikv` 69| nvgv`vbx, ivmv‡qj20| LvwZe Avj evM`v`x 70| Beb ivkxK21| mvex, ivmv‡qj 71| Beb Avj gyÕZvh22| Be&b nvgv`vb, ZvhwKivn& 72| Aveyj AvÕjv23| ‡cZvRv 73| Lvdvhx, ivqnvbvZ Avj AvwjeŸv24| mye&Kx, ZvevKv¡ Z 74| Avj KzZzex25| gvK&wiwh, wLZvZ 75| bvwmi Lmiæ26| Avey BDmdy , wKr Avj& wdmvj 76| Kzkvwhg27| kvey¯Íx 77| mvbveyix28| Bqvwnqv Be&b Av`g 78| Beb jvsKvK29| Avey mvwjn 79| gv°x30| Be&b Avj& wKdwZ 80| KzkvBix31| wKb`& x 81| Beb byevZv32| AvMvbx 82| gynv¤§v` Igi nvw`i Avj wgmwiqv33| Rvwnh 83| Bw`ªmx34| Be&b KyZvBev 84| Beb gyjvw°b35| Be&b Avj& nv¾vR 85| Avey byevm36| Avey mvwjg 86| Aveyj Kvwmg37| Zvevix 87| nvwiwi38| Avj& gynvwmex 88| ¸Ryjx, gvZvjx Avj ey`yi39| Be&b Lvj`yb 89| Beb kvÏv`40| Avn‡g` Beb Bqvwnqv 90| `vwgwi41| Kz¤§x, wKr Avj Bjvj 91| gvkwiK42| Avjx `x`, wKZvejy AvIqvj 92| Be&b Avj& nv¾, gva&Lvj 93| Be&b Avj& dvKxn& Iqvj Av‡Li 94| RvgvLkvix, Kvkkvd43| Be&b ZvBdzi 95| Avj w`gvkKx, gvnvmxb Avj DRviv44| KvR&wewb 96| gv‡Kv© †cv‡jv|45| †eiæbx 97| PvI Ry Kzqv46| Avj dvL&ix 98| Bwjqvm wbwmwe‡bm47| Bm&ZvL&ix 99| Avey `yjvd48| RvInvix 100|evjvayix49| Aveyj gvnvmxb 101|gviv‡Kkx50| Beb mvC`, gvMwie 102| `viK¡yZbx


Like this book? You can publish your book online for free in a few minutes!
Create your own flipbook