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w` †i‡bmvu Ae Bm&jvg 442Zviv mgvb mgvb fv‡e fvM K‡i wb‡Zv| Zviv ZZÿY ch©šÍ Lbb K‡i hZÿY ch©šÍ Zv‡`i evwZ A_evjÉb wb‡e bv hvq; hw` ‡m¸wj wb‡e hvq, ZLb Zviv Avi G‡Mvq bv| †h Zv Ki‡Z mvnm †`Lvq, †mAwP‡iB gviv qvq| GKRb †jvK mKvj‡ejv abx Avevi we‡Kj †ejv Mixe ‡nv‡Z cv‡i; Avevi †ZgwbmKvj‡ejv dKxi Ges mܨv‡ejv abx n‡Z cv‡i1| B¯úvnv‡bi wbKUeZ©x †iЇc¨i Lwb¸wj eûc‡~ e©3q/9g kZ‡KB cwiZ¨³ n‡q‡Q2; Ges ZvQvovI evavwM‡mi (AvdMvwb¯vÍ b) `i~ eZ©x ¯v’ ‡bi LwbwURv¡ jvwbi Afv‡e cwiZ¨³ nq3| Aci c‡ÿ B¯úvnv‡bi wbKUeZ©x Zvgvi LwbwU 3q/9g kZ‡K 10,000w`invg Ki cÖ`vb Ki‡Zv4| wgbv‡ii M¤^yR¸wji D¾¡j Zvgv eyLviv n‡Z Avm‡Zv5| †h ¯’v‡b †ekxi fvM†jŠn Drcvw`Z I †cUv‡bv †nvZ Zv †nvj cvim¨6,Z‡e †eiæZ7, wKigvb8 Ges Kvey‡jI9 †jŠn Lwb wQj|diMYvi †jŠnRvZ `ª‡e¨i GZLvwb myL¨vwZ wQj †h, †mLvb n‡Z †m¸wj †ewej‡b idZvbx Kiv†nvZ|ÒdiMYvi †jŠn mn‡RB Mjv‡bv hvq10|cwðg w`‡K wmwmwj‡Z eo †jŠn Lwb wQj11| Ges Avwd«Kvn‡Z †jŠn Avm‡ZB _vK‡Zv, hv wQj †jЇni Avw` wbevm, †h †jŠn n‡Z fvi‡Z my›`i my›`i `ªe¨vw` cÖ¯Z‘Kiv †nvZ12| cwðg Gwkqvi †jŠn me©`vB weij wQj| 355/964 m‡e Avie giæf~wgi KvivgvZxMYwZ‡ewiqv‡Z mvBd& D`& †`Šjvi wbKU †jŠn Avbvi Rb¨ GKUv Awfhvb †cÖiY K‡i| Avwgi ZLb iv°vn&i†jŠn `iRvwU Ly‡j †d‡jb, hZ`~i m¤¢e †jŠn msMnÖ K‡ib, GgbwK †`vKvb`vi‡`i IRb ¸wj m‡gZGKÎ K‡i Zv‡`i‡K w`‡q †`b| Zviv †m¸wj BD‡dw« Um b`x c‡_ wnZ& ch©šÍ wb‡q hvq, †hLvb n‡Z ZvivZv giæfw~ gi ga¨ w`‡q enb K‡i wb‡q hvq13|(1) BqvKzZ, f~‡Mvj,1, c„.773 dwj. | (2) Beb iæm&‡Zn&, c„.156| (3) Bm&ZvLi& x, c.„ 268| (4) Be&b iæm‡& Zn& ,c.„ 156| (5) gKy .c„.324| (6)Beb& nvIKvj,c„.214: Be&b Avj& dvKxn& ,c„.254| (7) gKy .c„.184: Bw`ªmx , e¨ª v‡Ðj m¤úvw`Z, c.„ 22| wmZ&‡Rb 1805 m‡b †jevb‡b †jŠnDrcv`b m¤‡^ Ü we¯vÍ wiZ weeiY cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| (BD, ‡R, wmZ‡Rbm ivB‡Rb,1,189)| (8) gyK.c.„ 470| (9) Beb& nvIKvj,c„.328| (10)Mv‡Zb© ‡dv¬ iv, 28Zg ermi 1879, c.„ 40| (11) Gj,wm,wc, 247| (12) BqvKez x,wewe.ø f~‡Mvj,7.334 dwj‡Z wek` weeiY Av‡Q| (13) QvBA_ev LwogvwU, †cZvPv,‡R,G, 8,c„.384| GB ¯^Y© †iYy msMÖ‡ni c×wZ mgMÖ wbKU cÖv‡P¨ cÖPwjZ wQj| P¨vs †Z whwb 1259 m‡b cwð‡gi w`‡KågY K‡ib wb‡¤œ ewYZ© cÖwZ‡e`b `vwLj K‡ibt iv‡Z †Kvb †Kvb ¯v’ ‡b ùzwj½ ‡`Lv hvq| RbMY †mB RvqMv¸wj cvjK Ges Kqjv w`‡q wPwýZK‡i iv‡L, Ges cieZx© w`‡b Zviv †m mKj ¯v’ ‡b Lbb K‡i eo eo ¯^Yw© cÐ †ei K‡i| ( †emª Z&¯vœ BWvi, wgWvBf¨vj wimv‡Pm© , 1, c„.142|)
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