Градовский А.Д -Собрание сочинений. Том 1

— 148 — SERB, CB KBK0H) HOBOK) SHepriOK) OHB StSCTByeTB Ha BCt flaCTH ynpaBxemn. Messy r i m so.ijkhocit> reHepaxB-nposypopa kskb Cvjto .imnaeT-t ero HtKOTopoS josh caaocToaTeabnocTH. Ohb ofiasam. CHstTb bb ce- naTf. j.jn HaSjDjema, ja6u cenaiB „so.t;khoctb cbod xpaHH.Tt*\" r kerb cxisyerb OTiipaB.ui.iT>. Oht> pj-koboshtb ceHaTCsmiH upemami. lie sonycKaa cenaiopoBB so h3shihhhxb paaroBopont h ApaHH, sxa aero oht> Boopyaem, t4mh ae cpescTBaHH, nasia Ahxh npease jaHU cenaTCKOny oftept-ceKpeTapio r mjiimepy i-Bapsia, iipacyTCTBOnaBnieMy npw cenarfc, HHeaRO HasnaEaxs no Hecoramis qacaiis cposs x-ifl oA- cy&seaia Bonpoca, ocraHaB.jEBa.iB aepesiypt nuxida snrfsBia, Apaai> cb ApaHHBinHxca ceHaTopoBB niipaiJiB, bt> hj-khuxb cjyqaflXB soho- ch-tb saae TocysapB. Oht> ociaHaB-THBaerB HenpaBHXBHHfl, no ero Hn-Jiniio, onpestsemfl cenara, no BaAopy CBOeay aaeTt u i noBui cpoK-B J.ia nepecMOipa stxa hjw soKxaflHBaeis Ero HMnepaTopcKOMy BexHieeTBy. Bb ero ynpaBxeHiH HaxosHTca Kamiesapia cenaia, nost ero naia-iBCTBOMBona npioApiiaeTB HOBOe 8Ha?eirie h BMtcrt cb herb piano BBsi-iaeica, sain. coBepmeHHo ocoAufl oxeHciiTS, hsb yipesse- nia ceHaia. Bet panopm h soBomenia ryAepHaiopoBB a xpyrHxB nosHnneHHHXB yipessCHiS jtxaBTca ne HHaie, saKB ipe3B KaHuc- .wpiio, cxtjoBaTe.iBHO, Bet stxa npoxosflTB apesB pyaw renepasB- npoKypopoBB. Bet 9th pacnopaaceHia bcho sosa3HBa.TR, eto Help's crapajica nonpaBHTB neH36tiKHHe HejocTaTKH Honaro b-b Pocrin soxxe- riasBHaro ycipoficTBa, no xyRaxB .te ons o B03BpaneiiiH kb ahhhomv ynpaBjeHiio, bto eine Bonpocs, nos.ieaamift cH.ibnoMy corniimiio. IIo- joAhhh npaBa reHepasB-npoKypopa sosa3HBaiOTB HeonuTHOCTB noxn- THEecKyio h ajMRHHCTpaTHBHyio HeBocnHTanHOCTB ueHOBB ceHaia h Koa-ierit, no He sonasHBaiOTB nepeirfHH bb cncieiit 3aK0H0AaTexi>- CTBa. HanpoiRBB, bcs 3aAoia reHOpa-iB-npoKypopoBB h noAHHueiinuxB eny jhub HanpaBxena kb Tony, etoAh npnsan. AtaTe.ibHOCTH soxse- riS Aojrie sna'ieaia, esRHCTBa r KptnociH. Bb npeainee Bpena ceHan, Ma.M HMt.iB cpescTBB cxtsniB sa RcnoxHeHieHB cborxb ysaaoBB', aioro He S03B0Xfl.TR HR C0CT3BBero, BR MHOrOCXOfltHOCTB ei’O SaHflTifi. Teneps oshod H3B rxaBHHXB o6fl3aHnocTeH reHepaxB-nposypopoBB Ahxo rHa Kptmio CHOTptTB, ETofiu bb ceHant ae Ha dost toxbko st-ia BepmH- XHCB, HO CaMHHB stflCTBieMB no TKasaMB HCnOXHflJIHCB, BB HeMB OHT> SoxseHB cnpaniRBaiB y TixB, kto Ha no ysa3H noxyaRSB0. KasB toxbko ysa-iB Ahxb nosnHcaHB ceHaTopaxR, resepasB-npoKypopB npn- BOSRJB bb sBRxenie Bet nosEnnoHHue eay oprana, ipesB assesyropa hxh ocoAhmh HapoEHHMR paacHaaxB ohb hxb no KOxxeriauB h ryAep- HiflMB; HMtxB y ce6fl khecv, bb so-ropyio sanHCHBaxB Bpena hoch.iku ysa3a, a bb spyrofi rpaifit oiMtiasB speMa HCiiosneHia. jl,axte, ohb

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— 150 - He B03CTaHOB.MB>TCjTBt npeacHeaib cBoeM'B bhaS, APyrie najaion. toalbo ct. oc.iafi.teiiieMT, lviaBHaro iipaBHTejbcTBennaro iiicxa, B03CTanoB.jasjTca cb B03BHineHieMB CMaTa, h npoxojxaioTb cbod jtaTe.ibHOCTb, xotii He HaxoAATb yate Bb npouinmiaxB npeamiixb opraHOBb, 11 hhpho yaHBa»Tca cb BaacTbio BoeBOAb h ryOepHaropoBb, no cxapoft pyccKOfl CHCTesife. Buao h eme cymecTBennoe OT.raiie jByxb vqpesjeHiB; ifmcKaju ofiepera-iH rocyjapcTBeHHue HHTepecu, Tadho npOB'h.yuBaja o npecTyn- xeHiaxb h Hapyrnemuxb yKaaont; ho narjls mb ho josbojcho npunn- xaTb iif,jiTe.n.Hoe ynacrie Bb oficysaeniH npe^aeTa, nauporaEb Mb oto CTporo Bocupemeao; ohh He Moryrb ocTanoBUTb onpeAtJeniii jbha- paxiepoBi hah jaHipaTOBT.. renepajb-npoaypopb ecTh leader ceHai- cehxt* npenid, onb ' „uHcmuiyemia nx-b jtaTe.ibHOCTb, CAepxHBaeTb hxi> nopuuu, OHb ociaHaaiHBaerb no cfioeiiy ycuoTpiniio ceaaTCKia onpeA’fcxeHia, HasHaiaen. eposn, Aaerb npoTecru, nepeHOCHT-b a6.io Ha pa3CMOTpiHie rocyxapa coocTneimoB B.iacii». 'I'HcnaJU— xoAaiaa no cyjeSnbiHb a jinnanconuHi, A’fcjaxb; reHepaab-npoitypopb— hbbo boxhtnnecKoe yipesAeme, cHadateHnoe cpeACTBaMH Hajaopa, npoiecTa, xoth 3to He cocTaBxaeTi. cvihhocth ero aoaskhocth, a oaho H3bcpeACTBb x-ia ea xynmaro HCUojHeHia. Bb nepBuS uepiojb petjiopsib IleTpa, BHcmie opraHu 4*ncEaxbcxaro ynpcKAOHia He iioxynajH HHCTpymiifi, onpeifuaBmnxb HXb oSasaH- hocth. HanpoTHBb, noflHHHeHHbie opraHu— npomiHuiaab-ifiHCKaAbi h (JmcaaxH noxyiaaH yeraBbi h noApofinua iiHcrpyEpin *). Bcho, too npaBHTexbCTBO noxaraxo bcd cnxy CBoeft cwvreMH naxaopa Bb hhx/i.; oOepT.-ij.HcKa.ib aBxaeTca toalko yqpeacAeHieab oObeAHnflBmnub, ho xmaaro aiiciBia He HxieTx; oHb jidcTByen. Toxbito no AOHomemairb HH3mHx,L ijmcKa.TOB'b. HanpoTHBb, sx’fecb A^HTe-ibnaa nacTb ynpeataema ecTb cam, renepaxb-npoKypopb; eay AaHa noxnaa HHCTpyaHia, bho- cxbACTBiH nocTOHBHO nonoxHaeHaa, o noMominmaxb ero He roBopHTca niinero hah onenb naxo. TaBb 06b oOept-npoKypoph caa3ano toalko, too OHb nOMornnHKT, renepa.ib-npoiiypopa, a o npoicypopaxb cnanaja Hnnero He 6uxo caaaaHO, a noTOm rianjitin hxt. cmvtho onacaHU Bb aAHHpajTeflcKOMb perAaaeHrt h npoiHHb KOAxeriaub Bexino coofipa- soBaTbca cb aiaub peraaMeHTOMb a). Bb aoxshocth aAMHpaaTeacaaro npoKypopa BbiiHcaanTcn t$ *e oCasaHHOCTH. aaaia HcnncaeHU Bb HHCTpyKnin reHepaab-npoKypopa, cb too TOAbBO pa3HHne», HTo e»y npeAOCTasAeHo npaBO HaA3opa, (Sesb Taaoro Aiaicjbnaro yw ria Bb canosib Hcno-ineHin yBa30Bb, Kasb sro

— 151 — npcjocTaBJCHO ero HaiajbHMKy. OieBHjao, 3aKonojaTMi, ciht&j x cbob uucjb jodaTOiHO HSBacneHHOio in, aacTpyKnia reHepajx-npoKypopa k H36iraerx noBxopeHit; ,ej,UBUHi cjobokx ihhx cefi ecm, okoreHepaJx- npoKypopa bx ceB KOjAeria11. IlpesuiS aaxaopx sa ({iHciia-iaBH 6hjx r-iaBiihiax odpasonx npeio- craBJeax upoBHHuiajx-ipHCBajaaix, aoropue xea pa3a bx roxt o6a3aau 6u.ia oCnfeunaTb cbob rydepaiio; o6epx-$acKaax, no hxx jOBOnieHiaax, tojbko upejcTanaaax ifHCEa-iom aa oyjx ceHaTa. HanpoTBBx, 3j4cb bcs caja aaxsopa 3a noaraHeaaHHH opraaaiia cocpeAOTOTOBaeTca 87, reaepa-ix-npoKypopi. Bx Teieaia Bcero BpeMeHH locao^CTiia IIexposekhxx yapeajeaifi cymecTBoitaao oto pisnoe otjanie oahobo yapemeBia orx xpyroro, ao laaofl CTeaeaH, bto npaBareabcTBOcaaiaao bo3mo» bhbx bosctbbobjhitb oaho yapeacaeaie 6esx xpyroro. Tojbko bx napcTBOuaaie EaaTepHHHII, upH KopcnnoMx H3M4neaiH upaBHTeJBCTBCHHHXx BaraaaoBX, ofia sth yapesaeaia ycntaa cjarbca, a Bsrfccii cx rfMx, xaxx xa VBHjnxx anise, asatHajca a caault xapaKTepx. reaepajx-npoKypopom. yqpea- xeaie ^HcaaaoBX ociaaocb CBasaaauMx cx aaTcpecaHM oSaacTaoro ynpasaema, aponyparopia cx ueHTpaatimaa yqpeatxcniaMH. Bx 9T0MX KaaecTBi neHTpa.7i,aaro ycTaaoBJeaiH, npoaypopaTX He nomeax jaaeao. Caaia-ia oax fibixx yapesxeHx apa aoxaeriaxx, a noc.it apa Haauopauxx cyjaxx, cnaraomaxca lanaie neHTpa.itnbiaa ycTanoBaeHiaaa, xoth ohm Sbuh pacaoaoateaH bx oSjacTHUXx ropo- aaxx *). Ohh c-iiaaTX 3a npaBaabBOCxiio AtjonpoasBOACTBa a Hcaojae- Hiexx sanoHa bx Ttxx aicTaxx, apa KOTOpuxx oaa yapeaueHu, no Be ofia3aau atScTBonaTb bx HHTepecaxx Toro itja, ajs KOToparo ycTaaoBjeau caabia KOjjeriH. Oaa saaero ae odasaau ,Taituo apoBt- AbiBaTb a AOHOCHTt“, a cairn, aaapoTBBX, aojbsyBTea AOHOcaaHi)iacBa- .IOBX, Kaax cneuiajbHaro yapeaxenia, a xase nocxopoHHHXx jhu,x. <I>HCEaju>CEoe yipeatxeaie npounEa.io bx nojpoCnocTH ynpasAeaia, reaepaax-apoEypopx a ero uoMomuaKa cayaam tojbko opyxieax ex ofixeABHeHiB h ofirneMy kohtpo.ik) aAMHHHCTpaiuH. 'ItMX dojxiae BuacaaeTca SHaieHie ceHaTa, Easx odxeAHHHBmaro a KOHTpojapyB- maro yqpesAeaia, rfcxx 3aatrHte CTaaoBHTca a pasamie reHepajx- npoKypopa otx (pacKa-ibcKoS aojsbocth. TaaaMX o6pa3oax IleTpx npa khshh tBoeS Aoaaeax 6hjx npa- 6trHyTb kx Tony aieaeaTy, npoTHBX KOToparo oax 6opoaca .ictiyu aa3Hb. Cjhihkomx eine cbjbho 6hjio jaraoe Hamjo bx Poccia, ttoSh ae saaBHTt cbohnpasaHacymecTBOBaaie comhmx 9HepraqefkiU(X ofipa- sojix. Eoa-ieria oKasuBa-incbHecocToareabaHMa, aAMHaacTpaniarpo3a.ia •) n. c. a K 3880.

— 152 — npespaTHTBca bb opyjie 4>opxajLHiJXB TOHKocieft, otdbckh h cnpauoKt TaMB, r a i Ko.ueriajitHOe naqa.ro 6uxo yuasaeMO, h bb opyxie npoas- . no.ia Toro axa jpyroro Jiaua, r i i q.ieau Koxxeria yHaiTOKaxacb npe.yb -iKnouB npe3BaeHT&. JHiuaro Ha'iiua ne.ibDa yHH’iioaiHTb bb ynpanxeaia; T’bMB Meiite mokho 6um yHaqToatHTb ero bb Poccia, r j i oho noxyqaxo npaBO rpasaaHCTBa. Haiaxy ;itom_vneofisojaao Cuio otbocth Micro bb uobuxb yqpeajeuiaxB, cb rbuB hto6h oho a EoxxeriaxbBHi npauaKaB Buar.HH.iHCb, Apyn. Apyra orpaHHHHJH a cxoataxHCb aasoneiiB bb CTpoi- Hy» cucreuy ynpaBxenia. 3ariaB, yKH-iaci.-ja 6h bth naqa.ia axa oabo hbb hiixb ojepaa.10 6k aepxB hhab apyraaB, 6kxo 6k paapimeHO Aaxi.nf>flnioio boxbthhgckor) acropieio Poccia. Hajo cosnaTBca, bto bb nocxiABio Tpa roAa CBOero papCTBOBaHia, IIbtpb .iio6hjb iipaOtraTb k b nocpoACTBy hobo# aoxkjiocth, he Koropyi) ohb, Kasaxocb, nepoaecB see csoe xoBfcpie. Haorxa bb ero nHCbMaxB kb ilryataaCKOiiy nupaaaxaci, rpyCTKaa apoHia no OTHomeaiio kb koj- xeriaxB: ohb yBimeBaxB ero uoHyKxaTb hxb qpeBB noABiAOMCTBeHHKXB eay npOK.vpopOBB ‘). Ho cb APyrofl ctopohk, yqpeac.ieaie, kb KOTOpoMy 6h jb npHCTaajeHB reaepaxB-npoKypopB, see 6oxie a 6oxie aoxyiajo CH.m a SHaaeHia. Bo nepBKXB, aoxkhoctl otk 6u.ia bobkmb inaroBB bb oOBBAHaefliD aAUHHHCTpaBin; lacTHKx, OTxixbUKa ynpaBjcsiacoBepmeHHO HcaesaBTB. Maxopoccia, coxpaBaa cboh OTxbxBHKa npaBa, noABHHaerca CeaaTy Ho 6oxbme scero iicnuraxHHaceOi ero saaqeaie Eoxxcria, uocTeneHHO HaqaBuiia oOpamaTbcx kbkb 6k bb AcnapTaueHTK DToro BKcmaro npa-' BUTexBCTBeauaro m!>ct&. Bb npcKHee Bpeaa, bb cxyaai KaKHXB HH6yAB 3aTpyAHeaia, KOXxeriB HcupamEBaxH paapimeHia CeaaTa hhcto Kami,e- xapcKHMS nyreiiB—bto 6uxa nepenHcsa abvxb KanucxapiB. UopaAOKB axoTB yBopeHHxea oco6eHao noToay, bto KoxxeacKia a ceHaTCKaa KaHBexapia Hxtxa oahhxb h rbxB ate npeaaxcHTOBB; thkb npeaHAeHTB, Hanp., aaHyit>aBTypB-Koxxeria, bb cxyqat HeAoyirimin, npasasuBaaB CBoeS KaBuexapia nepecxaTB saTpyAHHTexBHoe xixo bb KaHtrexapin CeaaTa, rxi ohb a o6epB-ceKpeTapb npcAxaraxH ero ApyraaB npeaa- AeHTaaB. Tenepb *e c e a a n npeAnHcaxB, bto6k bo AbxaMB, botopkxb bb Koxxeria piraarb ae bobho, npeaa.neHTH bxh BxeHK Koxxeria aokxb- AHBaxH xhbiio, cb npaxoseHieaB cbobxb UHiaift; uoxyiaa ceaaTCKiB ') jlcSonuTflo, Hoop., ciUjvnee ero hhci« o a» arjMHcwwy (II. C. 3. 4607): „rocnoj»Hi reeepaJ»-IIpo«rpopi! Koropue npoajpopH on aojieriS aitci, jrpm- Raaa »M», ™6n ohb cboh aoHrops 3licb ropaajo nocHoipfcm, Tan aa jijaerca, nan HajofiBo; a esera bto He ran, btoCi refit paiioproBtuH, a onun, 6u cacaasi h ocBBiiTejMTBOBara, Hasasan, nonexee 30 imisohu, vfflw, ttuoio Ouitomimm

— 153 — . yurn, soxieriH- aoajbhh 6o j h Bcne.weHBO panopToearb o ero no.iy- BeniH n HcnoJHeiiiH. Eme cipoae CHOTpixoci, 3a Tint, iTofiu BCi boa- aem noxaB&ra Bt ysasOHeHHOe Bpeiia pauopru h ctoiu BC'Jwt 1 ,0x 0- Aant h pacxoiaMi., now CTpaxoMt HaxoaieHia nnpaijta. U1 1 sanpe- meso pacxoxoBart aohm-h, He nojoacenHtia Bt mart, <5e8t ysasa cenaTa *). Bee fipexa yupasAenia jer.10 Ha cerara—BaatHbia rocyjap- cTBeaHHa pacnopazema, 6jh3Ko Do,^xo*anua si arrpHfiyTaiit 3asoHO- AaiexbHO# Bjacra, h seaiia a^HHHHCTpaTHBHHa pacnopazenia ojma- kobo BxoaaTi Bt spyrt ero jiaTejtHOCTH. Oh i safiOTHTCa 0 cocm- aeaiH HOBaro yaozenia, aaHHxaeTca a7»>bhbuih xtaam, yipezA&eit npa cHHoxt Kaaepa-KOHTopy no npHHf.py saHept-Koaxeriii, nasHaqaen. bi Hee npeOTjeHTa h accecopost h npHKasuBaeit Bcid t Migrant, ntmHHeHHbiai, cb. chhojy, uowBart panopru h cieru bi pOBmiont- Ko.uerin (T.-e. Bt ceHait aw). Orbero pacnopaaieHia aaBucHTt OTnycst cvmm'l Ha Eoxieria, He Kdunaaa BazHifinraxt. Taw HHOCTpaHHaa Eoxieria noxysHAaotb Hero npa6aBEy ctmmu aa cosepzaHie HHOCTpaH- Hiixt pe3HxeHTOBt. HflorAa caMua cnomeuia HHOCTpaHHua AiJaioTca do ceiiaTCKHMi, yna3aMt— raw, aanp., Bt 1725 r. OHt 113Aa.it ysast 0 neperoBopaxt ct EHTatuaaii ijiii yTBepaiACHia ipamrat u crateS 0 uepefitaiBKaxt sa KiiraacKyio rpaimuy no TpasTaiy 1689 r. Boennua A^-ia npoxoAza»Tt cocTaB-iaib oAHy H3t raaBHUxt ero safiOTt; pacno- .losenie nojKoat, cflopti na nxt coAcpzame, HOBueHafiopu, ifcopMupo- Banie nojBOBt —•nee oto cocpejoToraBaeTca Ma.10 no na.iv Bt cenarl, ocoSeRHO ct rfcxt nopt, saw Bcesioryiiiift suast MeubuiHsoat nepe- CTaeTt font npe3HAenTOHt BoeHHOfi soxieriu u saaiHaeica ApyrHMt, wenlve 3nanHie.ibnuiit aimoMt s). Ont ciapaeTca o6t yspinxemH rpa- HHHt, 0 BoopyascHiH apperyaapMixt BoScw, Aaert nncipyKniH ryfiep- naTOpaxt, ycianOBaaeTt h orainaeTt doumhhh, onpeji-iaeit cnocofit Hxt BSHMania, npH3biBaeTt na cjyzfiy k ornyesaert pa3Hue bhah cay- muaro cocaoBia, HasHaiaeTt h yno.ibnaeTt Bcixt cayaanjaxt, onpe- AiAaeTt noAcyAHOCTbaapt pa3Hbixt cocaoBiSh BiAOHCTBt, AOSBOxaert n sanpeniaeTt BB03t pasnuxt TOBapost, HafaDjaeTt aa CTponnib HcnoaHeHieMt aasoHOBt 0 riopmsf. HHcraHuii ’). Hfcrt coMHima, no AOAZHOCTb reHepaxt-nposypopa, saw aojz- *) n. C. 3. HJS 4279, 4514, 4656 b 4577. *) H.C. 3. K H 4051, 4567, 4656, 4658, 4748,4139,4183, 4184,4670, 4678,4697 I t . l 0 Meatiniort, c«. Pye. Api. 1865 r., 2aa*., crp. 248. ,Kaa» PenaHai aa- cin eaj nyrb st Burounecny*. ’) D. C. 3. M i 4177,4180, 4181, 4182,4547,4574, 4661, 4662, 4664, 4667, 4671, 4684, 4685, 4686, 4690, 4693, 4700, 4751, 4767, 4766 BT. a.

— 154 hoctl, ocHOBaHKaa na ihcto jhmhomb Haia.rt, MpesBHHafiHOsinoro aaBii- efcjia otb cnocofiHocrefi h jihbhoB aaepriu Toro anna, soTopoe ee 3aHHMa.io. Bb OioipaijiHiecKin iiojpo6hocth mu, Konerao, ae CTaHeai BAaBaTBaa, ho aejbsa He .'lascliTHTb wo nepBHft reHepa.iB-npoitypopB I'lij.Ti, bb BHcmefi CTeueBMcnocofienx ocyuieCTBirrb npejrno.ioaieHifl Iiexpa. 9to fiujo oaho H3T> caMHXB yAaiuuxB ero Ha3HaicHifi. Ot3Hbh coBpe- MeHBHitoB'L 6oibnieB BacTiio npHUHCUBafOTit eiiy BaHjyiinia CBoficTsa. Ero OTKpHTOe ofipaweme, jiofipora, bcctboctl npmueKa.iH kb nexy BCliXB. TaxaHTJIHBHft BpBJBOpBIJH, OHB BB TOHte TipeMfl ysriSABHafiTHCb BB CamiXB 3aTpyXBHTe.IBBUXB H pa3H00fipa3UUXB aaHBTiaXB. lleTpB 1 caMB roBopHJBnpo Hero, eme n o naaaaaeniHero renepa-iB-iipoKypopoiri, WO OHB CHHTaeTB erO CBOHMB IMaSOKB. „1tO CMOTPHTB nane-IB, to xasB BipHo, KaKB liy^ro a caMB BKAfcn., roBOpHAB ohb npo Hero\" '). rpai})B flvyasHHCKifi caMB Bectsia ceptesHO CMorpiaB Ba cbob ao.iik- HOCTb h BHeprHiecEH npoTecTona-iB npoTHBB 6e8A£8cTBin h Moynorpe- fijeuifi aAMBHacrpaHiH, rn 't ohb hxb satrfciajiB; sto bhaho Messy npo- bhmb hsb ero aoHomeHia HnnepaxpHirft EsaTepaai I, 1x 6 obb AaeiB efl npeBocxojHue cob£th o6b ynpaBaeHiH rocysapcTiioMB h tobophtb ofiB ynymeHiaxB, BHpannuixca bb pannua aacTH ynpanxenia. Ilpeaje Bcero ohb BUCTaaaaeTB fi.iaropoji.nufi npnnnHBB, wo „a fiu sa .lyiuiec bb roeysapenrfs HcnpaBJeflie BOBHTaTi. kmIub, hto6b Ha nojjaHHuxB noaosHTb to, wo noaecTH MoryTB, otb aero h s’lua rocyjiapcTueHBua 6e3B openaTCTBia h aapejaaro oTuromenia npaBHTbca h ycninaib MoryTB”. Cb ropeihio ohb roBopHTBo6b caHOBHHKaxB rocyAapcTBa, Hfio , hhkto 11pamo Be BOKaxeTB CBoero peBHHiejibHaro Tpyja; coB'ficTb ae Moa xojfie Toro CHOTptTb He mojkptb\". H 3totb to aaepraaecKift, iipaBABBUfi 'le.iOB-fiKB boctojibbo syMa.il. o B03BumeHiH bjhcth ceHaia h y.iyimeHiH fiuTa csysHsaro cocaOBia. Bb ero npoexii ’ ) h£tb h t£iih Toro, wo OTMiajo aossHiftuiyio 6®- poKpaTiio. „>1to jomb Bcasifi fiesB npHCMOTpy rocnosHHa pa33opHCTca h t&ko 0 arymBHCiom ko* so acrptrari Tomo j Msanj, 110 Bpa» n aacajaHBMTi lOBfipia n on resepaii, CuimiS sparoaa HryaHnciaro, 11 npo aoroparo eme sei« Pomo (lb. crp. 75) ciasaia crajaus Orna«: Trust not to him, he is by nature false, ’) Ototb npoesri on. n ’Ireaiaxi 06m. net. a apes. Poc. 1S60 r., sb. 4,

— 155 — W« co.iepataBifl Toro n3B0.iH.rb Ero Beiiitectao onpejiiHTi oray- caaTb nuaxeTCTBO h npoiHXB, aoropue bottheh hit&ijtb, no nepeirfc- Haai bb n o u n ; a nuni, xora no HyzjanB nosBaau, xoropuc yae Oij.ih oinymenu, nasH a t KoaaHxaMB, to oahsko »e, ezexH He HMf.eTCa ne- jHJtaa bb hhxti HysAa, naan hxb cpoBB bhzhto, hhh:S izeneAJeHHo omyerHTi. BaxaezHTB, h jniHTca, tto ezein bosmokho, bb Koropuxi Hacj'fcjuHKiixT. Hyatju nf.Ti, kb jt-iaBB, ito6b ohh bt>iombxb zhjr H CMOTptXH8... OfixacTHoe ynpaajeHie no ero MHlmin, neo6xoxnno nOA'iHHHTb CTpo- thmi ceHaiopcKHMB peBH8!flnTi, cb npoAOCTaBxeaieuB pcBHsyionpuiB ee- HaropaMB upaua aca3Ha a cMepra, „a noKa cie bb a^Sctho He 6yxeTB apoH3BeAeno, to hh cipaxy, hh nopaxRy bb npaaieaia He 6yjeiB“... HiTB Toro Bonpoca ynpaBxeaia, KOToparo 6u hc KOCHyjacb aanncKa HrysHHcnaro. Ohb tobophtb o6b y.iyunoHiaxB bb apTHjjepiB h pc- BHsiH, o seHxeAixiH h KOsiMepuia b o aipaxB bb ofesiieneHin bh'Iui- liefi (SesonaCHOCTH, n bo bc5xb othxb aaMtoaifiaxs shahs ocHOBaie-ib- hoctb jejoBfeca, KOTOpuft 3HaeiB A’kxo He no KHMuioMy yaenifo, Heno TeopeTHiecKHMB coo6paseHiaMB, a kskb jihho, bb KOTopoMy nooroflHBo CTeKaiHCt xtjia no bcIimb aac/iaMB rocyAapcTBeHHaro ynpaBaeiria, bo- Topoe aejio no hhmb npenia bb ceHarh, nojCKa3HBa.no cenatopaMB hxb pimeHia, yxrbao nanpaMaibhxb kb ojhoBh$m . H3pfcxKanpopunaeicH bb H6MB BacMimjHBoe OTiiomeitie bb cenaTopaaB (no He bb ceHaTy), antmKOHB emfi HeacKycHuai bb jftai ynpaaJenia. Tass, rosopa o He- oSxojhmocth nepecMOTpaTapwjza, ohb ocyajaeTB TapmpB, cociaBiennuS cenaTopaan, h aaMtaaeiB, tto „bb ceHarfc zb jioah KynenecTsa tskb hcktchh, KaBB a Kysiteinaro xiua“. 11pH T3K0MB noAOzeHin BemeS He yxHBHTejbHO. hto xoaxhoctb re- HepaAB-npoBvpopa noxyraxa ofimapHoe pa3BHiie h oipoaaoe 3naaeaie: „reaepaAB-HposypopB, tobophtb re.ii.6HrB, no CTapmaacTsy nocaijHee, no 3naaeniB) nepBoe miio bb ceearli; ohb aacfijaeTB bb ceHarfc, nae- H6MS HaaepaTopa KOHTpo.rapyeTB see, hto t&k i hpohcxoahtb; HMiert> cahhctb6Hho6 a pfcinHTe.TbHoe BxiaHie na mime eeHaiopoBB”. CocTa- BHTe.ib saaacKH o KO-ueria-ibHOMB ynpaBieHin bb Foccia, npoTBBB bo- Topoa B03pazaJiB CnepaHCKiS ‘), eme ayime odpacoBbraaeTB bto noao- zeaie reHepaJB-npoaypopoBB, aaKB ancmeS bmcth bb rocyjapCTBi. rHe 6yjymi canB cyAbei), tobophtb ohb, ho noayraa CBtxime o bc4xb AiuaxB, bb ceHarfi npoH3BOAHMiixB, reHepaxB-npoBypopB Aluaen, o hhxb cBoe saaiaanie wosecno n nHC&aeHHo. Byxyaa Bceria izotth bb XH-bHiaKB cbohxb noAKptnxaeaB liucoiaameo B-iacriiD, h cxiACTBeano no-iynaa B.iianie na cyzieaie ueaoBB ceHara, ohb cocTaii.ia.TB Kopsra.io

— 156 — rocyjapcTBeHHaro ynpaB.ieHia. He neca SBama aepsaro hhhhctps, obi 6u jx TaKOBHMt Ha caMOMt aiorfi. Do cefl to npHBHH'k HasBaHt OHt „OKOMt“ rocyjapa- TjaBHiSmaa iio-ma cero aopaxHH Bemefi cocToma Bt Aayxt OTHoraeHiaxT.: a) oahhctbo BxacTH, sauiDHaBmeftca Bt oco6i re- aepaxt-npOKypopa, Beao »ci thcth rocyAapcTBeHauxt A **t Et OABHa- kobo0 pluH hjaBa.io an t nocTonHBoe BanpaiueBie. B t comb oTaomeBiu BHyTpeBHia upoamctu ToprOBAH, 3anOAOBt, <{ia6pHKt a npoiaro cyAHMUh paspimaeau 6u,ih OAHOo6pasHo; aacTt (jnmancoBaa, cia Ayna rocyaapciBa, HaxojH.iacB Torja aoAt rAaBHHMt bIiaomctbomb reHepajt- npoKypopa. Befi o6opoTH rocyAapcTsenauxt cymra saBHci-ra ort aero; o at nocpejCTBOXB cenaTa Ha6.iiOAa.iB, no6yKAaAt h noABepra.it OTieTy bc’1 siicTa h jima, HMtauiia b i pyuaxt cboiixb KaseaHua cvmhu; 6) BTopaa BuroAa, 3aKjnoaaBnianca Bt lipeaHeMt yapeasAOHia ceHa-ra, 6ma BOjHTHaecKaa. CocaoBie cie, coctoh hoax chalbuhx BJisHieait renepa-it- npoaypopa, momo 6htb HaapaB.iaeao no apon8Bo.iy BepxOBaoS Bjaciic, bo Bdixt T ix t A&iaxt, rail roeyAapi, coKpimaa -iHno CBOe, J8e.ia.it kb pimeHiio oauxt xaaaTBca nenpHiacTHuat”. ' TaKt AHUHOe a KOjjeriaAbHoe uaiaia Bt aameat yupao.ieniH no- .ivbhah cboeo opraaimuijo noAt KOHeAt uapcTBOBaHia Ilerpa I. Bt cra- pout npanasuout ynpaBAeaia ohh aaxOAH.mci,, xast mu bha£ah, st 6capasjHquout coctohhih; HecMOTpa Ha Bci ciapania, at npHEa3axt Hejtaii paBJHEHTB hh toto, hh Apyroro aaaa.ia bo Bcefi ero nacroTi. BuA'bjeHie axt Bt peiJiopMaxt UeTpa aaBexo aa aeo6xoAnnocTb onpo- A$ahte> axt BsaHMBoe OTHomeHie. Caaiaxa npeoSpasoBaT&ib, obobhaho, AyMajt coBepmeHHO ycrpaaHTb .iHBHOe aanaxo, Bt aoropoat oHt bh- jb.it raaBHifimyD npaiHHy CeanopaAKOBt npesnaro ynpaB.ieHia. Teopia noACBasuBaaa eay, bto yapeKAema nayaiaioTt 60.11.me AOBipia, iisn> -lima. Ho jraraoe Hanaio Habere. BaasHoe aaaaeaie aah Bcanaro ynpaB- jeaia. CaMt Ileipt AoaateHt 6u.it oTCTynart oTt npaaaioa aat ca- cre«u. Haieoaent, OHt yBHAiit, bto opramraya OAHat B.iCMenre, npa- Ka3Haro ynpaiueHia—Hanaao KOJAeriaAtaoe, sapoAumt aoToparo sa BHAHMt Bt COCTaBi BpHEaSOBt, Heo6xOAHMO 0praHH3OKaTb a Apyroe Ha- aaao—aanaAo xaBHOe, noiopoe mu bhaIiah Bt cnoco6b nopvieHifi a pacnpeA'baeHiH At** Me»Ay npaBa3ajra. HeofixoAHMO 6hao onpeAtaaib OTHomeHia othxx AByxt Haaa.it. Ka»AOMy ast Haxt 6u.io OTBeAOHO CBOe aicTO, yxasaHa aojh yiacTia, aoTopyio ohh aojisbu npHHHUaTi.bi ynpaBaeHia. H3t BumeupHBeAeaHuxt MHiai# mosbo 6n BUBecTa to nocnbuiHoe BaEAnneaie, bto reHepaat-npoBypopt, T.-e. aaBHoe Haiajo Bt aAVHHHCTpaniH, aoraoTHAt coOokj bc* yBpeatAeHia. <&aKTHiecKaacto- poaa scerAa yB-iesaori. cxaaiKOMt npaKTuaecKHxt uacaTe.ie8 a hho- CTpaHHUxt HaO.iBAaTejefl, ocTaHau.oiBaioiniixci! Ha noBepxaocTH BenieS a cxBaxuuaioiimxt BHtmaie chmiitomu ynpeaAeHift. SI pbinauct He pas-

— 157 — jkiflTt. MHiHia, BUCKMaHHaro oahhvs h81 .lyanmxi Hainaxi HCTopa- kobi '), too w t ioto, „Tro6i ontBHtr, Kacoo-tiu to hh Cujo yipesje- nie e noxasaTB £000061 a crcncnb ero Bjiaoia na Curb m noaoaseHie Hapoja, cjfeayerb Bcerja cMOTpitb Ha to, Kara oho npojarajocb, a He na ero Hjeio“. ’Iro raicoe hach yepesAOBia? Heyae.ra aro ecra hIihto $aHTaCTHaecKoe, saKoe-TO He yjaBineeca CTpeMaeme 3aKonoiaTeaa? Ecjh 3to Tara, to udeium mojkho HaaBan BcaKia HejinocTH, BHSBaH- oua hhhtthhhh hphxothmh, naianmia on, npaKOCiioBooia jvfcllCTBH- TeabHoS xhshh. Ho no oTuomemi) ra yipcsjeHiam, no.maioinHMi npaso rpaxjaooTBa, BjiaramHMb Ha aAMHHHCTpaTHBHufl Curb cTpann Bt Te?eniH A&iaro emrfcm h noc-if, oa^eHia CBoero ocTaB.iaioiHHXb He nycTOe Micro ra rapOAHoi! nasiHTH, jaa Taraxi yapeasenifi pojii, ajea arpaert oahhi h9s a.ieHeHTOBT, rocyAapcniennaro rfi.w, Bupafio- TaoHufi HCTopHiccBOio SHaHilo mipoxa. HsyoaTb i-aaie soupocu 11a oe- uocpeiCTBeHHOMi npiuo*eiiin imaa-n, npeACTawHeMuxi h3b£cthhhk yipesAeoiauH, nyra onacHufl, h oe iicei'Aa B-hpauk. OoHcaib cootho- ineoie ceHara a renepaai-npoKypopa, na ocnoBaniH rfcxi BpemenHuxi, c-iyiafluuxT, ortcTOHTCjbCTiis, Koropua cymeCTBOBa.111 eipe ra anoxy IleTpa I h Moran npofira bm4ct4 cs sew, bo3mowho jjb nocaTeaa po- MaHOB’b, HO Bpajb HH BO.le3HO HOTOpHKy, a TttTb fio.lte BpHCTV. Ilpaoja, XHiHoe Haaajo, co bcShh ero cxyiaflHOCTHMH n bosmos- nocTis) npoirsBOaa, noayiH.io cMbHoe pasBHTie s i aHiji reHepara-npo- Kypopa. Ho r j t h Kara mow reHepa-n-npoKypops ocymecraHTb cboio Bjacro? Ohs He H a ils OT.i’ls.Tbiiaro BfejoiicTBa. $ hck8.tb HaxOAHjraci, KOHeiHO, bs ero pacuopaxeHiH,ho hh HasHaicme, hh VBOJibHeHie hxs He noj.rea:aan eMy: j e i KoxaeriH, Kaaeps h iocthhs, iipoAO.Txa.Tii bIs- AaTb h Ha3Ha>iaTb rasxaa cbohxs $HCKajoBs, sa upewyruenia cboh cyAHBniHxca ra ceHari. C-iiAOBaroabHO, earn reHepara-npoKypops a hm'i.vi, BJiiaHie Ha ifiHOKa.TOBi, to Baiaaie ero Tins 6oate npn,;aBa.io 3naTeaia bjkicth cenaTa, .lanaa exy boshoxhocti. hm\"I>tt. nocroaHHOe a cTporoe nafi-injeHie 3a lacTHMH cyAeOHOE h (JmsaHCOBOio, xbjub box- hM ihhmh BonpocaMH TorjainHaro rocyAapCTBa. Ecjh cncreMa Haasopa, no ycrpoficTBy CBoeuy HaHfioxie aocTynaafl ycTaHOBjeHin .THTHaro Ha- aaxa, bs r i epenena saBnciaa ots Hero 6o.?te ipaKTHiecEH, atira jopn- AHaecKH, H npoAoaaaaa Bno-iiii noAHHHHTbca bhabms KOiaeriaabHaro ycrpoSem, to bs APyraxs laciaxs ohs eme Meaie mow, hmIitb He- nocpeACTBeHHaro 8HaMeHia. HanomiHTb 0 aaKoali, ocTaHOBHTb Hcno-iHeHie pimeHia, aohccth rocvAapro, npHaeas OAHaKO Apyrie ceHaropu Taaae Morm ofisHCHHTbca c i hhms, boh Bee, too mow CAiaaTb reHepa.ii- npoKypops. ’) BocroMapoBi, Byan CretttKRPasses, ctp. 82, apnaia. 56.

— 158 — He TaEOBa Siua h mhcju. .saKOaojaie-ia np« yqpcsjOHiH otoR AO.ihshocth. He p.jia pasjopa, He rxs feiKOHeinoR 6opt6u, a W» co- BOEynHoR itaTeEBHOCTH Ha naiwy rocyxapeTBeHHyD, BBe.ii. Heipi ahihoc naia.io be Eouerhi, npa lent oho ocTaxocb to.ibko cyppora- tome uaiaxa EO.ueriaju.Haro. Oho ho cocras-uuo HHKaKoR eHcremi, Torja ebee louerin h ceHan. 6hjh cTpoRnofi h ch.ii.hoS chctcmoR; oho HH'iero He ptma-io, Beta'S He jiRcTBOBaJio— boh rocy^apcTBCHnaa AtHTejEBOCTb bo BceR ea coBosynnocTH fitua upejocTaBJieua yipex- jeniEHx: XHuy HHrjt He Gmo Miora. Ho Eaatjjoe H3X bthxe HaiaaE AOJuebo 6aio ocymecTBHTB iacTb IleTpoBCEHXi. HjeR. HaiHHaa pe- $opMH, ohe eotS-ie paajiJiHTL B’l.AOMCTita, KaHtflOKy aetb cneniajb- huh pyKH, ycTpaHHTb apoH3BOJi’i> npaBHTe.ie9 h aocthfe btoto yipea- AOHieME KOXieriS; sarfeMi. ocTaBa.iea BonpocE o KOHTpo.it h o6i>ejn- iieniu 3toR aiHHHHCTpapiH. KoHrpojh (ktitmeio iacTi» saaaia kojuge- THBHOfl AiHTeatHOfcTH, OCOCeHBO BT. l()HHaHCOItbIXE aoiipocaxt, npejno- .laraioinHxE aeo6xojHMOCTb BcecToponnaro oScyatAeHiH iipejMeia. Bo bcSx e CTpanaxi, ifiHnancoRuft KOHTpo.it nopyiajca yipeataemio, hmSb- meiiy npaea h opraHHsaniK> cv,T,a. Be A hwih, ho pasBHTia npe.icTaBH- TeabHaro npan-ieHia, Korja iJuniaHcOBue sonpocu cAt.Taxnci. cymecTBeB- hob aaiaieo uaxart, Bucnrifi EOHTpo.it rocyaapcTnehhuxe joxoaobe npHnaA.ienta.iE cy,iy Ra3HaieftcTRa. Bo $paHiiiH pasBHAOCb H coxpaHH- xocb snaMenHToe yipexACHie cieTHaro cyxa, bt. Poccin HeTpt cosep- nieiiHo cocpejoroiHJrb (jiMHaHconyio orieTHOCTt be ceiiarfe, Kyaa, Kam. hu mi.uiuH, jojatHU ou.in npHCuaaTbca Bet orieTU OTBCBAy, He HCE-iBHaa ayxonnaro ynpaiueHia. Ho RpoMt sthxe aSRctbiR bamhhh- CTpaiiiH, ocfejaennixca Ha OTieTaxE n panopraxE, HOA-ieJKamHXE, cat- AOBaTe.ibHO, oCcyat.ieHiio be kohuIi xoararo cpoita — Mtcima, ipeiH h roxa, ecTb Tasie npoAMeTu, rat. neortxoAHSit HeMejaennufi kohtjio.if., oeMejjieHnoe npecfeieHie, uH cm uioaauU h OTB'fcrcTBeHHocTb. Tbkhme npeAueraMi. ayiine Bcero Moacen. yioBJieTBopHTt yipe»A8Hie fioaie I'HOKOO, OCHOBaHHOe Ha 4H1H0UE Haia.lt, H OHO tiUEO yipCffiAOHO flJH sricTHaro ynpaBxeHia bt. xapt (JiHCKa-iOBi, a ce HepeuecenieMi. HeHTpa rocyAapcTBeHHaro ynpaB-ieHia—bt. jHut npoEypopoBi. Toiho to ate hosho CKaaaTb h be OTHomeHiH olHejHHeHia ajMHHHCTpaniH. Ho,io6ho TOMV EaRE BE K0HTp0.lt ROUeria.lbHOO VipeatjeHie AtftcTByeTE TOJbEO Ha 0CH0BaHiH cyntHU jiScTBiR nojiHneHHHXE MtCTE 3a Beet H3b4ct- HHR epOEE H OCTEBEHeTE (568E BHHMailia TO, TTO H6 BOHIXO H He HOrjO BOfiTH BE OTieTE, H 06ECAHHHTb aAMHHHCTpai(il) OHO MOffieTE TOJtbEO BpeiceHHMH h Ha ocHOBaHiH AtRcTBiR, nepe.yanHuxE flyMart mjib joBe- AeHHUXE ao ero catAtHia apjthmh AHAauH. HanporaBE, rH6Koe cahho* JHiHoe yqpeatAeaie be cocToaHin crtAHTb inarE sa maroME aa CTB1HMH aAHHHHCTpaipH H EaatATB MHHyTy HanpaB-WTb A'SaTeAbHOCTb

— 159 — pa3Hoo6pa3HUXL irlicri kb oahoS niAH. B&ipasaaci, ionite, kohtpoji. cyMMU ji0CTBii paanHXB npaBHText.cTBeHHLixB ycTaHOB.icHift, nosipKa iiiuoB cHCTe«u, nluaro HanpaB-ieHin, Bupaaeiinaro bb bto8 cyinrfc, ecu. sajaia ko-hciuh; ycTpanenie BpejnuxB ijiaKTOBt bb OTjijbHOCTH, , nanpan-ieiiie aiisraHHCTpaTHBHoit aamHEtr no ue.iOTaHB, ecrb aajaia ejHuo.iHTBaro'yipeatACiria. Koiieria ycTpaaaeTi, pasHOMacie h ctoa- KHOBenie Mcaiy pawiriHUMH BijoucTBanH, Borja ohh MJpasa.iiici, bb HtnoMB paai ^tScTBii; iipoKypaTypa npejoTBpamaeTt bosbokhoctb Taaoro paia. Ko.ueria at stoke OTHomeHiH ecTb nemypa KapaTeat- Haa, nposypaTopa npejynpeiHTMBHaa. Ho aah Toro, bto6u BC.iHnaa niAB ejnucTtta aAKHHHCTpaiuH 6nia AOCTnrnyTa, HeoSxoAHBo He bbocth pasHoraacia bb caMue aaeiieHTU, cocxaiuasimie bto EOHTpoaapyioinee h 06'tejaHaiomee ynpestAeme. Botb noieay Heipr. ae cosaeab H3B .laniaro nanaja HHiero OTAiAt- Haro, caaocToaTo.ii.Haro, h Beajt cnoTpiAB Ha Hero, East Ha hoo6xo- Aumvio laen. Ko.uerin, kbeb Ha oahhb H3B ea opraaoBi, kotophmb oHa jifieTByerB h ronopim,. Ilpanja, ohb hoamhmb reHepa-iB-npo- Kypopa HenocpeACTBeano cetfi, ho bto 6uao CAijano He bt. BH,jaxB pa3ieiHneHia cb hhmb cenara, a, HanpoTHBB, bb BmaxB TicHifimaro coejHHeHia ceHaTa cb BepxoBHoro B-iaeriD. ^iScTBHTeabHO, npo6txB MiMsjy cenaioMB a BepxoBHoio BAacTho Mori 6utb HanoaneHB to.ti.ko TipeaijcnieMT., aoct8totoo 6ah3khmb h ceuary h BopxoBHofi BjacTH, h TaKoft iiorpeGHOCTii mowo vAOBjeiBopHii. TO.TLKOmw>- .lerie othckati OAHoro AOBipeHHaro Tejosirta, itH i 11icK0.11.K0; anno m6ae h y«o6- nie Moacerr. 6htb noABepateHO oTBiTCTBeHHOCTH, caijosaTeABHO, yaofi- ate jua BepxoBHoS Rjacra; bt. to ate Bpeua j.ia yipexAcma oho He TaitT. onacno, KaKB ynpeamenie ate, nocTaBaemoe Meat/y hhmb h BepxoBHOfo B-iacTiio. rpynna scerxa liMieTB 60.1r.me npnTaraTe.1r.H08 ch.im, Thin, ojho .ihho, oco6eHHO rpynna tekhxb caeoBHTUXi. jnjeft kerb ceHart, c.rtAOBaTe.iEHo, cKopie ohk co-iteri, bto jhro cb co6o», niiTB co.ii.eTCH cb hhhb. HaupoTHBB, ec.iH neaay ceHaTosn. h aep- xobhoki B.iacTiio ctohtb ycTaHOB.ieHie, to oho ceSaacB npHnnsiaeTCH ero THHataTB, npncBOHBaTb ce6i bcb npaBHxeabCTBeHHyio n.iacTt., co- CTasjaTb HesaBHcnnyn rpynny n thkhsit. o6paaoiri Bejen, kb Rpafi- H6Mv 3animaTe.ncTBy bb AiaaiB, a HHorja kb o,iHrapxm. Bo nctxB oTHomeBiaxB mo» ho BHjiTb.BTO eAHHCTBO renepajB-npoKypopa cb ce- H3T0MB h, 6jaroAapa btoay eAHHCTBy, yrBepjn.ioci. a oAnoo6pa3ie bb HameS aAMHHHCTpanin, HMiBmee naHjynnrie pesyABtaTH. ,Ohutb npo- nieAmaro BpeneHn A0Ka3aAB, roBOpHTB cocraBHTexB npBBeAemioS Hasra 3anHCRn, no raaimhamaH iroai.aa npeaaiaro nopanKa, cymecTBOBaBmaro npn reHcpajB-npoKypopaxB, aaK.ixi'iajiaci. bb tomb, no cefi Be.itMoaa, coxpanaa bb pynaxB cbohxb eAnnCTBo virpaaienia, 6h.ib HacTonmHMB

— 160 — xoshhhomb rocyjapcTBa. Haora npaBHTCjixTBeHnaa, Ka3eHH&a, coxaaaa, ropnan, MaHy^aKTypHaii a nposia, fiyxysa iioxHHHenu ero Haxsopy, ABaraxHCb, pacaopaauuHci., xlittcTnoBaxH kb uoctohhhomb *yxi a ua- npaiueHia. Ecxa ojna sacra opeAaxa h,th npenflTCTBOBajia xoxy jpy- rofl, ecxa ntaoTCpua hbb -rant npaBHTejbCTBeHHtix’L npacBORBaxa ceOt npasa a BHrojn, hmb aenpaHawesaBittia, hcmca-ighho renepajB- npnKypopT. bboahxb Kasfloe m4cto a xrho bb CBoScTBeHHyio eay sepTy. He HMia npiiiHH'b yB-ienaTbCH ocoSumb npeinosienicifB s i to8 hxh ApyroS sacra, h6o 6hxb xoshkroxb iduaro, ohb cHOTptuB aa Bet npejMeTH rxaaaxa 6esnpacTpaeTHiasiH‘‘. Kaaoe ase. Hasaxo npeACTaBxaxB co6om renepaxB-npoKypopB? Htra HRsero xerse, Kara oObhbhtb ero OwpospaTHiecKuMt BxeMeHTOMB bb KoxxeriaxLHOMi ynpaBxeaia Ilexpa I. 9to cpa3y oxcTpaHaera net sa- TpyAHeaia. Moatho o6t,hchhti., sto reaepaxB-upoKypopB aorxoTHXB cauocToaTe.TbHocra ceeaTa, uotomb sto ohb npoxoataxB nyra at npe- ofi.ia.ianiw xitSHaro ynpnBxeaia, Bnexeaiiaro no3xirMnIHMH npeofipaso- BaHiiiNU. Tart a nocTynasDTt HiKOTopue » phcth. Ho bprab xh thkoh npieni aoaiera noseera kb npaBMXBHOay paSBKCHeaiiD BOapoca. Msb Toro, hto H'liKOTopua <j>ynnnin B.iacTH bb KoaxeriaxbHHXB yspesje- aiaxB MOffiBO a aoxikro 6 u ,io npeAOCTaBHTb xhhhoh xterexbHOCTH h4- KOTOpuxB srhobhhkobb, Bejbsa e w f i bhboahti, saKxroseHis, sto bthmb caMUNB*BBeceao 6hxo bb ycrpoScTBO to, sto HaHLiBarren Tenepb flio- poRpaTRsecKHKB oxeueaTOMB. Bb tskomb cxysai npiftnoTca npoasnecra bb 6»poi;paTio peKeTMeficTepa, repOABAae&CTepa a xpyraxB .thub, Ha- xoABBnmxca npa cenaTi.. .i!ano, o&iesennoe siKOTopoio joxeB BxacTH, He npeACTasxaeTB ein,e cofioio OopospaxiH. BropoKpaxia ecra c u c m e m a u ir , Meatjy KOTopuva pacupe,vkieHn ota&ibhub sacra ynpanxenia, h KOTopua pacnoxoateau Tannin, nopaxKOMB, sto BH3mia norxomaBTca BucniHMH, ae ocTaBxaa HHKaKoro extxa CBoeft jiaTexBaocTa. I’eHe- paxB-npoKypopB He ctohxb bo rxaiit, throB cucTeMu; xaate yspeaxeaie ^acsaxoBB, ao poxy CBoeS AiaTeabHocra SxHate Bcero cTaxKHnaBnieeca cb hhmb a xase HaxoAHBaieeca bb noAsaneaiB eMy, npoAOxataera cymecTBOBaTB Kara h4sto OTx4xb?oe, HesaBHCHMOe. KoxasecTBO npo- KypopoBB cxhbikomb HeBexHKo, STofiu nasiiaTB npoBypaTypy cacTexofi. IIpH TOMB KiUEAtift H3B npoKypopoBB a ca«B reHGpaxB-npoKypopB Ha- xoahxhcb npa KOixeriaxB, cxIiAOBaTexbHo, h3b4cthuxb rpyanaxB xhbb, otjhshuxb no cbohmb cnocofiaocTaiiB a 3HaseHiio bb rocyAapcTBi: Horxoin,aTt Tama rpynna BpaAB xa 6uxo bb hxb caxaxB. HanpoTHBB, reHepaxB-aposypopB npcnaTciBOBaxB noi'-iomeHiio cenaTa spyrascH aa- saxauH, A4ScTBHTexBno Bpa»jefiHUHH KoxxeriajBHOMy Hasa.iv. Kota* STH BXeueHTBI B3H.TH BepXB, OHH He HaiHXIl XVSfflarO CpeACTBa HOBOXe- 6ara He3aBacHM0CTi» ceHaTa, kbkb yaasToaian, roiiepa.iB-npOKypopa.

— 161 — Poccia 6axa. npuxasana yapesAemaiix, rfccHo coejHH6HHUMi nestiy co6ok> h cocTawaBiDHira, bx cymaOCTH,-oaho yapesaeme— ce- HBTjr a reHepa.rt-npoKypopy. Kaatjaa H3x hhxx cxysHax jiaTejb- humx h SHepraaecKHifB Hcno.iHHTeaeMt haoh UeTpa I-ro. BfeaoMCTBa 6ajh pacnpeitieHU *eaiy KO-uerianH cx He6o.iunm<n 3apojumaini pa3AtaeHia BjacTeB; ceHart H reaepaax-npoKypopx KOHTpo.iHpoiuun h nanpanjiH.iHex ejHHCTBj hxx AtHTejbHocTt. TpyAHOonpejt.iHTb, rjt Konia-iact *itfrejbHo6TB oahoro h aaTHaajacb poat apyroro. jpfuiTe.ib- liocTi* hxx Bupaacaaacb bx tbehxx OAHOofipaBBUxx aEraxx, bx TaEuxx crporo noc.rfejOBaTeafcHBXT. pacnopaseHiaxx,-tto HeabM He upHauaTb ee npojyETOMX eosOEynaaro yca.iifl othxx AByxx, noeuAHMOMy upaxAefi- HUXX, 3-TCMCHTOBX, HCKyCHO CJHTHXX HI OAHO H,t.loe KOm6hHailiHMH IleTpa I-ro. TaKHira oCpasoax, crapaa Poccia aca cEasaxaca bi. upeoCpaaoBaH- Huxa TipeKaeBiaxx. Ecjh rooyjapcrBeanaa bach, opraHHsaipa yqpe- XACHift saneceHB ex Ham. n3x sanaja, noaniie o cayaCi, Kan, o npa- poAHuxi ofiasaaaocTaxi caysamaro, ocTaaoct noTTH to ae, cx to» toabeo pa3HHue», tto aicio pojouoro ciapuniHCTBa saciynajo caysefi- Hoe aoctohhctbo. Qo Bciax HHCTaaa.iaHX HOBaro ynpawenia pacnpejt- xarncb Ta toctx c.iyae6aarocoejOBia, EOTOpyioIlerpx oct8bh.ix y rpaa- laBCKaxx it.ix: aa oa uoneienia, Ha ea otb4tctbchhocth ocaoBajocb rocyjapCTBO. H, BCMaTpHBaacb bx ajxx h aaaqeHie sthxx, eobhahmomv HH03eaHHXx, yTpesAenift, aeji.sa He saHfoaTb, tto eero h$tto ofimee NCSA)' UHHU H CTaptlMH npHKa3aMH; OHH, H BX 0C06eHHOCTR CeHaTX, CEOpo CA'kjaiacL neofiuKHOBenHO nonyaapHu. HaipoBaxLiiocrb bthxx yqpeaAeaift BHCKasaaacb csopo camiax aaraaAHiixx oSpaaoMx; cx BToro upeNeHH Bca HCTopia axx Bpamaerca oko.io BoapocoBX, ocTaBaenauxx Hamx cTapoH) Poccieio. Mesay t6mx kbkx Ha sanaai EspoiiH yqpe- aAenia, cocaosia, aneTHTyra Oopaxca sa pasxeAHHeHie cx BepxoBHOio BiacriD, 3a caMofiuTHoe, OTAijBaoe cyatecTBOBSHie, HCTopia Bamefi aj- MHRHCTpalUH CCTb HK TTO HBOC, KBKX CTpeN-ieHie COBAHTb THKOe SO eAaaeaie nepxoBHofl aaacTH cx cxysH-iuMfi cocJOBieMi, Kasoe npeACTa- Baaerx aaiix aapx a scmctbo mpofi Poccia. HeofaoAHMOCTi TaKoro eAHHCTBa 6uja oaeBBAHa. 3axoHOAaTeabHaa KOAHijmsaaia eme ae cyme- cTBOBaxa. 3aK0H0AaTC.iL ycni.ix cosAaTb TOAbKOopraau HOBaro ynpaB- jeHia, eo ae ycirh.ix onpeA&mx caimxx ero aaTaax. BupafioTKa bthxx HaTa.ix saBHCiia hah otx AaJLHiSniefl TeopeTHTecsoft, saKOHOAaTeAbHO# AtaTCJbHOCTH, hah otx lipaKTURH caMbixx yTpesAem#. Ho ETO Norx npoAOjsaTi, aiao IleTpa bx Aiai saKOHOAaTeabcm? Pat ao castuxx BpeueHX PJsaTepHHH, yiix, KorynuB necra Aaabnie to, tto ohx HaTaax? ,1'I.ao IleTpa Mor.io upOAOAsaTbca TOJbEO npaKTHTecKow ,ibn- TeJbHocTbK) cyaeOHLixi a aAsraHacrpaTHBHHXx m4ctx, thkhsix se Easy-

— 162 — HCTHieCKlIH'L nyTOKB, rilMB JS6 BOCXOSjeHieMB OTBHaCTHHXBCJIViaeBi kb ortmeHy upaBH.iy, Kaaoe mu bhjhmb bb upeainee iipeMH. Orapax Poccia He yaepxa bb siom-e. oTHOuieiiia; a ecjH oHa He yaepxa, toHa- aaxa ea npejiau.ia.iH cboh TpeSoiiania. Ecus HOBaa opraHHsaiiia He yHHHTOaiHja upeaiHaro npHimana ynpaaieuia, to upHHnmn> stotb ,10.1atehi, 6uxb onpejt.iHTi, o'ruoiueHie npaBHTeabcTBeHHUST* Mien kb BopxoBnofl BaacTH. Bb CTapoS Poccia Ka3yHCTHiecKia nopmoKi iora- HecKH BUTeKa.ii. Hat cHcieHH nopyiemft, a CHCTeMa uopyieHift Bexa kt. HeotixojHMOCTH noxnaro ejHHCTBa cxyauuaro cocxoBia cl. oco6o » papa. Mor.io .iH Curb HHaie bb npeofipaaonainiofl Poccia? Ecjh ntra, to hcto- Phtcckh cxoiHBmiSca iotjhji, ua cxy»6y He joxro 6u BHjepaaxB npoTHBonojoaeme naps h ynpaBaema, kskt, oho BupafioTaaoHasanaji. CeHarb, j ’kftcTBHxejibHO, no jo.tto yjepaaaca fios't Taxoro CBH3yBinaro Ha'ia.ia. CnaayioiHee na’ia.io 6uxo Baitjeno QeTpoMB bt. yapeajeHiH renepaat-npoKypopa. Ohh, cxijOBaTexbHO, Oh.ih ycTaHOBxeHH ctoxbio ate bt, HHTepecaxT. hobuxb yipcajeniB, cko.ilko h j.ia yjOBxeTBopeHia noTpefiHOCTefl yupaBjeHia, ocTaB.ieHWixT, IleTpy cTapoio Poccien. Oht. MOTT. OTpilllHThCH OTB HpHEaSOBB, BT. CHUCjf, CyjeflCKarO npOHBBOja B SesoTieTHOCTH, no He moot. oTKasaTBca ott.upHHasnaro naitua, bb tomb CMUC.I’I>, HTO HO HOTb COBepmeHHO UOCTaBHTb CBOfefi TeOpeTHHeCKOfi, 3a- KOHOjaTe.ibHOR jtaTaibHOCTH Ha Micro npaBiiTe.ibCTBeHiiuxT. mI ctb. □porpeccb 6uab bt. tomb, tto out npuK aju.ib Pocciio yipesjeniam. cb xynneio opramiaauioio, liin . CTapue iipHKasu, ho Bce-rasH ycTaHO- BxeHHoe Hm i ynpauxeuic 6u.io n o p yv en ie bt. oSiiihphomb cmhcjS BToro c.iona, a CHCTeMa nopyiemB TpefioBaaa a aocaijHaro naia-ra CTapoS Poccia— exHHCTBa BepxoBHofl nxacTH cb cjyatHXUMB KxaccoHB. TaKaa HOTpefiHOCTbBH3Baxarenepa-Tb-npoKypopa. OuhtbjoKa3a.11. bhocaijerBia, tto yipeacjenie bto 6hjo ejHHCTBeHHUMB cpcjctbomt yjoBaeTBOpuTb 3Tofi HOTpefiHOCTH. Bet nonuTBH saMiHHTB ero npimojn.j« kb pa3BejH- HeHiio opraaoBB ynpaaieHia h xaocy bt. ajMHHHCTpapiH. Ecxh cTpeMaeaie OeTpa paarpaHHinTB BijoHCTBa, o6T.ejHHHTb aj- MHHHCTpauiKl, COBjaTB IipOTlftlB on.Ion. 3HK0HH0CTHH nopflJKa BT. .IHlft CcHaTa, joj* ho 6tuo pymiiTbOi. to bto He 6u.io jijioHT. renepa-rb- npoKypopoBT.. Bt. jpyraxB npHTHnaxB, bb jpyrHXT. BJCMenTaxi. Taa- jocb 6yjymee pacnajeme ero CHCTeiiu. OjHOpOflHOCTB, HJH, TTO T03KC, 0JH00(J[)a8ie, BB lOCyjapCTBOIIHOMB yCTpoftCTBi CB 60XbIHKMB TpyjOHB JOCTHraeTCHBBHOJHTHTPCKOft BH3HH CTpaHU, OCOfieHHO BB TOMB 6H Iiepioji, KOrja p ill. HJ6TB 0 paBHO- Bicin BBiji.ieuHuxB y*e HCKyccTBeHHO ajaiHHHCTpaTHBHuxT. riiB. Bb CTapoS Poccia bb KaiKyaieSca o.iHOpojHOCTHnojHTHiecKHXB yipeajeniB upoHcxojH.iH caMua pa3Hoo6pa3Hun Ko.ieOania, ne H3Mf,HHBmia snpo- Texi. ea o6m,aro xapaKTepa. CerojHa totb h.ih jpyrofi npuKa3B noxy-

- 163 —' iaab 6oabinee 8HaieHie, KOTopoe saBTpa yciynaab ipyrony; aasTpaeKy nopyjaaHct. ai.ia, naxoAHBniisca Biepa b i saKbAUBaiDH jpyroro npH- aasa hah jiiopa. Ho wt 3th yipeatAcnia ocTaBajHct BtpnuMu cBoeuy ocaoBHoay Tmiy, iioaoSho Tony, xaKb rfe-ia CeatopMemuxi aiHBOTHuxb ocia»Tca rfe ae, HeckoTpa Ha fiesnpepuBHOe nepeMimeHie TKaHefi. Bee fiu.io npoHHKHjTO HAeeo ojHoro CAyauuaro cociOBia, Bb epejefe koto- paro npoHcxoAHao tojuso nepeirfcmeHie ho He ttuiaeme B-fc- AOXCTBb. Uoib B-iiaHieMB IleTpa h cro HCKyccTBesHO cosjaHnuxb KoxaeriS- u Apyraxi, yipeatAeBiS, 3ajaia BHyTpennea iioxhthkh 6u.ia CBejeHa Ha Bonpoct o MexaHHiecKOMi. paBHOBicia h opianmecKOMt pa3HOo6pa3in laereii ynpaueHia. Iloxa p iit m.ia o cnocofiaxb KOHipoia, o nopajKi HOAiHHeHia KOjaerig, jiao He mao jaatine HexaHHiecKaro ypaBHOBi- meHia lacTefi; ho sorja jtao mao 06b opraHHiecaoB eropoiris araxb yipeaaeHifi, TOrja npHxoAHAOCbciHTaTLca CbaaeMeHTaiiHcTapofi Poccia, h bio npeACTaBja.10 HeaerKVD sajaiy. Mu BHAiJH, tto A-ia BOABopeHiaeAHHCTBa BbajMHHHCTpauiHIleTpi npH&irHyat Kb abvhb cpeACTBaKb; oaho mb HHXb 6hao BupaCorauo b'i, TeopiH h saKAiOHaaocb Bb cocpeAOTOiemH suemaro HaASopa Bb ce- Harf, APyroe 6uao rtcHO cnjraaao co Been HCTopieio Poccin h aatH)- haiocb Bb npeAOCTaBaeHia Bcero cayaa.iaro cocaosia, a cb Tbub BMicrl h Beta. Aoa*HOCTeS, rrb pacnopaaceme ceHaia. H to h APyroe yAa- aocb eMy tojlko ao HtaoTopoScTeneHH. Iii. oTHomeHiH conpocoBi bht- TpeHaaro yiipanjeiria a^ao paspimHJOCi. aoboabho yAaxno. OSaaCTHoe ynpauaesie, TicHo cBaaaHHoe cb KaHepb h DCTHub-KOJAeriefl nocpeA- CTBorb CHCTexu <liHCKaaoBb, HOAaHHeHHUXb 8bcbok) oxepeAb renepaib- npoKypopy, HaxoAHaocb nocToaHHo nOAb cipormib HaCaDAenieifb ce- Haia. TaKse ycirfemHO maH ,yLia h Tasib, ta* epoanue OTieTu m ch- CTena npoKypopoBX 6hah AOCTaTOHHU Aaa BoafiyatAeHia OTieTHOcra yipeaweHift h Hanpaojenia hxt. n> OAHOo6pa3i<oit jitiTeAbHOCTH, Kara 3To fiuao Bb APyraxb rpasAaHCKKXb Koaaeriaxb, spout iiHOCTpaHHOft. Ho Bi ihcjS rocyAapcTBeHHuxb sonpocosb Toro BpeMeHH 6uah Tasie, xoTopue pi3K0 BHciynaaH HBb o6me8 Maccu aiab. BeaHso <5hao a^ao npocutmema, upaBOcyAia, ToproBiH, npOMunuCHHOCTH, iJianaHcoBb, ho bc4 ohh ho nwbjfH Taxoro aryiaro BHTepeca MKb Bonpocb o rpafut- paxb itoaoAoro rocyAapcTBa—bc6 sonpocu orcTynajH na saAoiS uaaHb npeAb' saBoeuaTeabHUMH naanaHH IleTpa. RoeHHoe jiao Aaa Hero no HeofixoAHHocTH HjrieTBnpeAnoneHie nepeAb BciMH ocTaabHUMH. 4>aow. h cyxonyTHoe Boficao paHbme Bcixb APyrnxb ynpesAeoifi noayiaiOTb opraHH3ani» h, ho ctpoBhocth cBoefi, pftsito OTAiaaioTca0TbHeycipoeH- HOfi Maccu APyrHXb Bf»AOMCTRb. ;lo caMaro KOHiia Ileipb see BHHManie cnoe ofipamaerb Ha bth a\"a 11*

— 164 - r npejMCTa, KoropuiiB ohb odasaHB cbohhb MorymecTBom; Measjy Tins, saut pasBepcTKa BtaoMCTBB, ofiBeaHHeme ajMHHHCTpaniH, Cujra iioith npeaocTaaieHH coCctb0hobimt, cHjaMB bhobb coBjanauxB yapezaeHifi, yjyinieHie sa yjyaaieHieMB caijOBajH bb apida, noxt jhihumb Haa- xopoHB caaoro I'ocyjapa. BcaiaeTBie aioro, noc.it ero caepra aojy- ycTpoeHHoe rpasjaacKoe ynpaBjeaie, cb ceaaTOUB h reaepaiB-npoKy- POPOMB BO rj&Bt, BCTptTH.lOCb -1HU0MB KB may CB MOrymeCTBCHHUMB, CTpofiflO 0praHH30BaBHUMB npOTHBDHKOMB BB aByXB B06HHUXB xojxerift. Uo aaKony OHt Stun Kojaeria, noanHHaBnriacH ynpacHTejt- Hoay ceHaTy, no Haj t . i i oaf, fiu.iH oprammnieio caauxB MorymeCTBeH- huxb ch.vb CTpaau h CKoptc Mor.™ nor-iOTHTt apyria ynpeatjenia, niMB noxiHHHTBca opraiiHsyiomeB ujacTH cenaia. Ecan sto 6li.io KaiecTseH- hob npnnuHOD Heyaaui IIotpobcbhxb ynpeatjernii, to cuocofil pacnpe- alucnia cxyacajaro cocjOBia aBaaerca apinanoio KO*UHecmeeMnm. Mu BHjtjH, n o Ha BCt odniHpobra cboh o6pasoBaHia no rpaat^aHCKoR aacTa IleipB OTnycKaaB apeaauaaSHO Maao cjyaaamxB; raaBuaa ero saCora fiu.ia Banpaaaeaa kb nonoaHeaiB apida h ^aoTa. Cioja CTesa.iocb ace c-iyacedaoe ABopaHCTBO, cuoxptBmee, BcatjcTBie SToro, Ha BoeHHy® cay»6y kbkb aa raaBaoe, a Ha rpazaancKy®, aaa cmammyn, kskb Ha noCoaHoe at.ro, rbkb Ha cpeactBO kb BosHarpaataemio BUcayatHBinaroca OffiHHepa. TaKB npOHBonuo pasbejHHeHie bb paaaxB caMoro cavara-iaro cocao- Bia; bb npeatBee Bpeaa aepexoaB otb oaaoro poja cayat6u kb apy- rouy, otb rocyaapcTBGHHuxB at.iB kb paTHOicy, a OTryaa kb ofiaacT- H0ny yapasaeHiB, He npeacTaBja.iB aaKaitoro saTpyaaeaia a aacro oaaa cayxcfia cirkHajacb apyroB. Tenepn raaonaa cjyatda—cayacda. soeHHaa. CauB saKOHoaaTeab aasuBaen, BoeaauxB c.iyata.rasin juoabXH—apoiee rocyaapeso atio npeacTaB.ia.iocb hh3khhb, bb cpaBHeHiH cb stob atfl- TejbHOCTBB. Qe yjiiBHTe.ibHO, n o apa apopecct odocod.ieaia paa- jhhhuxb BtaoHCTBB, KOTopufi aepesHBa.ia Toraa Poccia, Bet ayaraie cokh CTpaau HaapaBjajHCb bb oaHy ary CTopoHy, ofipaaoiia.m Tanya opraHHsaniB, otb janaenia KOTopoft h ao HacToamaro BpemeHH ae ymaa Poccia. HeaoabHo npejciaBjaeTca Tenepb BonpocB, Moraa aa apoHsotTH y HacB CTpofiHaa opraHHaauia Bcero yapanaeHia iiojb BtatHieMB ojaoro BepxoBHaro Micra, Korja opraaa3yBmee aanaao, od-iajaa hhttoikhliiih CpeaCTBaxa HHHBTOJKHOB OHHTHOCTiu, Hid,JO atjO CB TaKUHH HaCTHMH yapaBJieuia, rat opraHasaqia cOBepmK.iacb yze aaBHO houhho ero, h KOTopua oaapajHCb aa jy'unyB lacib cjyzaaaro cocaosia? Pa3aniie 8to Buaaaaaocb TtBB ptsae, fro Ko.ueria.ibHaa ijiopMa, cynecTBeHHO aeoSxojHMaa jaa (icyinecTiueaia aaj3opa h OTBtTCTBOHHOCTH itoaaerifi apeaB ceaaTOH't, He Hor.ia apeacTaBJBTL ocofieHHoft naxiiocTH bb Boea-

— 165 — hosts BijOHCTB*. Bs cifiepi rpaajaHcitaro ynpaBjieHia oaa npeACTaaia- aacs ayuneio ifsopuofi cocjHHeHia c.iysanHxs ram, noTOMy ito rpa- saaacKaa aacTt He wrfcja non co6od hh aaaofl apyrofi opraHHaaipH, Kpoirt omiHeHHOfi npeoCpaaoBaTejiens. Hanpormn., BoeHHoe b4aomctbo oimpajocs Ha npoinyo, BceeTopoHHe paspafioTaHHyD opraHHaauiD aoeH- Haro ycTasa ycTaBaiiH, boaofiHHMH rohiickomv h aairapa.iTettcKony, He o6jajaja Bn oraa hbs rpaatjaHCMXi aoraerifi: ctouts tO-ibeo cpaBHHTs, aanpHH., perMHOHTH Kaiceps, Boxxepqs, naHy4iaKTyps, 6eprs-Koraerifi CS BOeHHHHH yCTaBEMH, ITOfitl yBHAtTb, KaUS HOpaSHTejIbHaa CKyAOCTb naTepia.ia, CTpemenie bs oOihhhs (jipaBaxs, hietkoctl naaaas o^nHxs OTraaaeica o n ofinapaocTH per-jancHTanin h noApo6HOcrefl Apyraxs. Hnorja ja*e aanoHOjaTera He TpyjHTca uobtophtb xxa rpaK.iancEHXs muerit to, bto yate caasaHO hstb bs bochbuxs yciaBaxs. Tans, Ha- npHM., ohs npHKasaJS hhs Bcim. cuncaTL cboh yciaBU es per.ianeaTa ajMHpaiTeflcKofi KoraeriH. KoraeriaraHoe roiano bs bochhohs Btjon- ctb4 HBiaeTca, t&khms oCpaaoMS, caafioB nonbriKO® ochouetb Bet yipeauenu aa o.ihohs naia.it n HeyjainuMs cpeacraoMS iioaihhhtb hxs oAHosiy BucmeHy yipeajeHiD. I to AOCTiraao CBoeS pira bs rpa- WAaHCKHXs ycTaHOB.ieHiaxs, r,it Koraeriaranoe ycTpoficTBo 6u.io Bee,— OBa3HBaaocb 6c3CH.it,hums bs yipexAeninxs bochbuxs.

BEPXOBHHft T i f l H l i f t COB'BT'L H KAEHHErE. Ilpu uoacTaBOBjeniH, bt. 1730 r., ceaaTa, reBepajb-npoKypopa u npoKypopoBi, HMnepaTpitna Anna HsaHOBaa rOBoparb, >ito He sHaera, K'fiMT. h KaK’t> yauHTOiKeHU reHepaat-npoEypopH h uposypopu; sto ona roBopHTt nenipe roja cnyera uoc.ifi BioronpoicmecTnia. llTo-ate mosho cnasaTb Tenepi,, apesb 130 lira ? CKyanoCTB HaneiaTannuxx, «0Ey- MeHTOBL, OTHOCEIlXHXCa Kb BTOMy BpeveHH, npOTHBOpilHBHe TO.IKH co- BpeneHHHEOB’B, Bee sacrac-iaera, jixaTb buboju no stomj npeaMeTy ct» Co.ibuioio ocMOTpHTeabHocTiro. Dpeatje Bcero nocMOTpurb, hto roBO- pari ijiaKThi, no Kpaiuiefi H-lipf. no rtMt HCTomHEara, kotopumh mu mojecht, pacno-iaraTi,. 10 (Jienpaja 1726 r., eo6pa.T0Cf,, no npnr.!ameniio Kann.iepa rpaijia rojioBKHiia, Bt Eojuerin Hnocxpamiuxi, jinx, $ejaaMapmajb EHasb MeHMUHKon-b, renepajx.-ajsnipa.i'b AnpaKCHHT., aiBcTBHie.ibnufi Tag- huB cob4tbhkb Toacrofl, kuhsb Jt_ M. ro.iHnuHX n reuepa.ib-npoKy- popt flryasHHCKiB. OcTepuanx He npiixaxb no npninHi CojfaHH. Kannaepi npoxeat yKasb o(>t yapeaxemH-BepxoBHaro xagHaro coBixa o n 8 4>eBpaja. llpoxoEO.m nojnHCUBaTB x i t n , a ynaaiJ CKpin.iaxb iJieHy HHocTpaHHofi KOjaerin CxenaaoBy. ’Ijenamc oSiHBxeHU Bci BuinecKaaanHua ocofiu, KpoMt flryxHHCBaro; Ha Micro axHX-b jihux bi ceHan. HaaHaxeHU HOBue cenaiopu. B i b$aohctbo cosixa jojshh 6hjh nocTvnHTB Bci Baxnfsimia BHinraU h BHyxpenHia x&ia; npex- cijaTextCTBOBarb Bt coBixi o6f>maxa caMa HMuepaTpnna '). Bn nm> ae aenb 6u.io cxiJBHo bIjcko.ilko nocTaHoaieaig o Uepcia, TypniH a roxBDiTHHiH. Yuan 061 ynpeKARHiH BepxoBHaro xafiuaro coBixa, 6ujb OTnpaB.TCH’B bt>ceean. Ha cxijyDmia jeHb no nojyqeHin ynasa; ceHan Ha jpyroft xeHb nocjaxx, BKseEyxopa oCbhbhtl, „hto ceHan, ociaBaacb Bb npeatnenb cbochi coctohhih h jocTonncTBi, upnHaTb yfcaaa toto 1ip. pocc. 1868r.,i

- 167 - He Mosen>“..13 i^espaia HiraepaTpHna uocjaaa KaSHneTt-ceEpeTapji MaaapoBa, itoSu obx boatbcpah-ix ceHSTy uocTynara HenpentHHO bo Bcem no ea, yitasy 8 t[>eBpajra. CenaTX AOJiaseiix (wax ycTynniB. Bx aem cocToasa cjihhoctl stoto ynpeacjeHia, cymecTBOBaaie Koioparo ceaaTii hheokt. He xoriax upHaaaTt? Ymax ') roiopHTX, wo Hoaoe ycraaoB-ienie yapesAacTca no oCpaaiiy ntKOrja yapesACHHaro ceaaia, Hia BaHATia bucidhmh rocyAapcTaeuqumh AiiaHH, KOTopbia HeyAofiao octsbaatl bx BiAiHiH ceHara, ram earn exy a fiesx Toro x&m aaoro ao Boapocam nayipeanaro yapaBjenia, a wo rocyiapcTBeaiuia jtaa aeofixojBMO nopyaaTi, .iHuaMx, ae CBASaauusi, hh khkhkh oapeAixeB- bumh saHaTiflHH. Baicri cx Tim ysasx oapejiaaen OTaomeHie ao- Baro yapeatAeaia ax Apyram ycTanoB.ieHiaxx. BepxoBiiufi Tafiaua cob4tx bcbjjy nocnaaeix yaasu, He HCK-uoiaa ceHara; on. ceHara a aporaxx KOjaerifl no.iyiaeTx AOHomeaia. CeHaix chochtca cx KOJ-ie- riaani HHOCTpaHHOK) a AByMa bohhckhmh npoaesiopiaMH, npoaia ae ocTaBJiCHH nojx ero npaaaaaMH. CaiAOBaTeaxHO, nepBonaaaabHOc pa- BeacTBo K0.7.ieriS OEOHaaTeabHO Hapyaieao. IIo BCeayxoay Aiax bbjho, wo yapeasAeme coBiia npHHaAAexHTX ax paBpajy catraxx ueoaHiaHHuxx a BHe3anabixx rocyjapcTBeHHUxx acpeBopoTOBX. Haaero nojroTOBaeaHaro rjiacHO a BceaapoARO, aaax , uoATOTOBBaax cboh upeofipasoBania lleTpx; aasaKoft oTKpoBeaHOCTa, HHKaaoft ocHOBaTe.ibHocTH bx HOTHBaxx. 'I-ieiiu BepxoBHaro raftnaro cOBiTa tobho 6ohtch aero HHfiyxb; Ayma Bcero flixa, OcTepMaax, jaae He apiixa.ix bx nepBoe sacijame. &totx aejosiax, isa pasa hoato- TOBjABiaift BxaAbiaecTBO rafiaaro contra, kbkx CyATO Sobtca cbocto ae Ate. Ceaarx nopaaeax yaasoax; ohx, xjoCaMoeahth Be-iauaro IleTpa, Biepamaifi noBejiHTejb I’occiH, ceroABA craHOBHTcabx paspaAXnpocTUxx KoxieriS. saAyxaHHoe BAeaaHa coBira, liitcTBHTe.ibHOTpefionajo tsShu h fiucTpoTH; npeACTOA.io npoudBecTH aoboaxho aHaiHTeAbHU# nepeBO- pOTX BX rOCyAapCTB6HH08 SAlfBHHCTpaniH. J b» BjeneaTa He xor.ia yaaTbca cx nepBencTBOux ceaaTa: Boea- aoe yupaBjeaie a BHcmie ABopaacaie poAH. J ia oabhxx uepBeHCTBO cenara 6hao BOAHHBeaieMx BoeaHaro Haaa.ia rpaaiaHCKOMy, o$aaaa- HOCTb BOABepraTbca ero npHAapTOaoiiy KOHTpo.no, oCasaaBOCTb He- apiaTaaa Jtaa kba3h MeHbniHKOBa, bhobx CAteBmaroca npesHAeHTOxx 8toS KOjaeriH, ne saAoaro ao caeprA IleTpa jl^a erapuxx CoapcKHXx Poaobx BjajuaecTiio ceaaTa coeABHajocb cx noBariem o rafeia o paHraxx, o Heo6xoABHocTH c.iya:e6naro aocTOHacTBa a.ia BOBbimeaiK bx cjyaOi, o ciporofl AHKraTypi ceaara aaAx coBoaynnocTi» cat* h- ') II. 3. C. 3* 4830.

— 168 — jaro co.iouia. flaa rocyAapcTBeaHuxb KOJiierifi uvaaa 6u.ia aaaHHS- nauifl orb KOHTpo.in ceHaTa, j.ia CTapo-ABopaaeKoB napTia BosaoxHOCti jocTHraTb Bucmaro aaanoHia Bb rocyAapc-nrfc, apesb nocpeacTBO ojboS npuABopnoft cayitfiH urpaTb po.n., He upoftja cypoBoft iiikoju ueTpo«* CKHXb HHHOBb. KO-I.lerillM'i HVJKHO 6k m OKOHiaTeJIbHO CTBTb Bb H6II0- cpejcTBeHHoe oTHomeme Kb ocofili rocyjapa, npaABopnusib cocraBHTb ocoCcuuoe cocjosie upHBH.ierapoBaHHUXb cob’§thhbobi rocyAapa. H3b othxb to saeiteHTOBh OcTepaaHb coaaa-n. cboh KOMfianaaia; BoeaHoe h upiuiiopnoe naiaaa saaBHan cboh ateaania, OHb nsa-ib na ce6a TpyAb rrpopMHponaTi. npuroAHoe &xa liaxb yapeaweme h otBecTH eay jaaHoe m£cto Bb cpej-fe jpyraxb ycTaaOB-ieHiB. OHb Hanreab cpejcrno aatb TpeMb rocyxapcTBCHHUMb Koaaeriaicb _m4cto Bb coBirS a, TaraMb ofipasonb, asfiaBHTb axb OTb uoAHBueuia ceHaTy; — CTpaHBO ate 6iuo, Bb caaoiib tto6h ojhh a rfi ae .iaaa iaBa-iH yicaau ceHaiy Bb KaiecTB-i. ijeHOBb BepxoBHaro Taflaaro coirfeTa a uocu.ia.ia 6u Bb Heity panopTu, BaKb npe3njeHra KOjixeria. Ilpudeopimun OHb aocTanaxb B03uoscnocTb yAOBjeTBopaib cooeiiy aecTo-iufiiio, He npoxoaa cay*efi- Haro nonpama h aaflTH upiaTHoe aaHarie, He npejaBaaci cepbesHoay Tpyxy- Ecih 6u Mucjb BepxoBHaro Taflaaro cobStb fiuja joBejeHa jo Koaaa, to ynpan.ieniePocciii uepe.vlua.ioci. flucoofipasHOtomv, kokoS hub STHXb sxeveHTOBb Bsaxb fiu Bepxb. Ecjh 6u coirfcn. npeopaTHJca Bb opy^ie rocyjapcTBonnuxb KOJUierift, see ynpan.ienie npanaxo fiu Boes- auft OTTtnoKb, RaKb .'jto h cjyaaxoci bo npeMir HorymecTBa khasa MeHbniHEOBa h nosse, bo Bpexa rocnojcTBa BafiHHeTa Manaxa. Ho, ncoacujaaHUHb A.ja sefixb ofipaaoMb, Bb TafiHOMb COB'Srl npopBajopi Apyroe naaa.ro, uona.jHMoay safiuToe Poccien. .Hojbhocth i.ienoBb cob’Stb nonajacrb Bb pyaa npaAiiopHuxb fioapcaHxb poAOBb, fiuerpo CKiaAUBaeTCH y Hacb o.rarapxia, aIi.io 3axOAHTb o nepeuSHi ochobu h <J>opuii npaB.ieHia, a bto no.ro*h jo KOHeub cyoiecTBOBaHin cobStb. Bo BCHKoxb cjy ia i, OTHomema BepxoBHOfi bjocth Kb yapemAeniaMb BHaaiiTejiHO H3aiHHJacb. OcrepiiaHb iiohh.i i , r j i aoji* ho acsaTi paa- piraeaia saBHaaBmofi ero sajaaa. Bca shshb UeTpa fiujia nocBameaa sa6oT4 nopyiHTL Ka®Aoe j Sjo yapesAOHin, ofibCAHHHTb bth yape*Ae- aia h sarSub saBpiQHTb CBaab Bucmaro yqpcvK,r.enia cb BepxoBBOD BjacTjn. H t .ii 3ra 6u m hmb jocTHruyTa noc.itjHHMT, npeofipaaoBameiib ccaaia a yapeajeHieab aojshocth reHepaxb-npoKypopa. Matoi Bb Baiy coBepmeHHO opoTHBonoxosHua lpfcjH, BepxoBaufl TafinuS cobSti, nocnt- nnub yHHHTOSHTb AOJSHOCTb renepa-ib-npoKypopa a iipeoOpasoBaTt ceHam. IOpHAHaecKH AOjatHOCTb reHepajib-upoKypopa HHEorja Be 6uxa ynai- ToateHa, ho ohs Hcaesaa i|.aKTH'iecKH Bb ceHarfi cb cauaro yapesAenia

- 169 — BepxOBHaro TaflHaro coBtia. BrysuHcaiA He noxyiHiX irtcra bx cor4t4 h csopo uoc.it Toro 6mx OTirpaB.ioin. pesHjoHTOmbx IIo.ibmy. CeHart .iHmHjcH CBOero jowainraa h flociyna kt. rocyAapan*; neat,it hhmx h en croajx Bepxoimufi Ta#HH# covfrn -hah, A p y rin cxobemh, ohx SHaxx to.ti.ro HMuepaTpHpy bx BepxOBHOMX TaflHOMXtoB irt '). BnicTt cx rcnepa.IT. - npoEypoponx HCae&iH h ero homoiphhrh npoKypopa, aijOBaieabHO, noaojaeso Haiajo pastejHHeBiio bx Ko-T-ieria-itHoxi ycTpoftcTnt. Tpyiuo.onpeji-iHTt, aaKiajfcra npe*ocTai)H.ix ce6i cob4tx; oieBHAHo to, ito ohx cTpeMHTca cocpe^OTOTHTb ace ynpaBjeBie bx cbohxx pyKaxx, Taax n o pa3JHiie Mcawy bthmx yipea^eHieiix h cettaiOMX He Kane- CTBeHHoe, a KOXHiecTBeHHoe: ohx cxoax cx ceHaTOMX no caMofi ciioefl oprauimuiH; ohx He AOBOBbcmyeTCa pontio crapofl (SospcKoB Ayna, aaaecTBOHX OjmaaflinHxx cob*thhkobx rocyiapa cx coatinaTe.ii.HMHx roaocosix; onx HMteTX npejx cofioc npiiMtpx canooToaTe.ibHiJxx bh- cTaimia bx KOjaerurax. ysypnapya BxacTb ceiiaTa, ohx ne Korx bmtb MeHbme, t4 mx hm4bx ohx, a nociapajca b3btb 6o.Tbme *) bx tomx CMHCji, tto He aonycmix HHxaitoro nocpejnHKa neatly co6ob>h MOHap- xomx. Ottoto BcpxoBHua npana, fiesonacHbia bx pyaaxx ceeaTa cx reHe- pa.ix-npoKypoponx, hbuhcb paspyniHTejibHUHX oaeMCHTOMx bx pvaaxx BopxoBnaro TaflHaro costia, opyjieMX jecnoTH3Ma npH MenbnraKOirli h omrapxiH npH Jo.iropyKHxx s). Cnaaaaa cob4tx o6xhbhiix, wo fiyiexx saHraaTbca HCKJBiHTejbHO BajKHiflnniMH rocyxapcTBCHHUMH jtaaHH, ho caopo ohx Hanaxx bm4- HiHBaTbCH bo Bet iacTH ycpaBaema, .lHinaa bx to *e Bpe*a ceHaxx, Tenepx yate hc npanHTeJitCTByioinifl, a BticoKifl, yaacria bx t4xx bo- npocaxx, KOTOpae nojjezajH npeatieero HenocpeicrBeHHOMy b4a4hud. Cob4tx npHCBOH.ixce6t npaBOnasHaaaTbceHaTopoBx H8X aaHXBjaTOBX, npeiCTaB.iaemjxx cenaTOHX *). Khhbb MeHbmHKOBX no.iyuux npaBO joK-iaamiaTb no at.ianx Boenuofl KO.i.ieriH canofl HMnepaipimt. Bep- xobuhA TattHuft cob4tx pacnopa*aeTCH peEpyicBHMHHafiopaHH; saTinx lipuKasuBaeTX nonaBaTb cc6i eaeHCAiJbHua b4iomocth o npnxo,vt h pacxoit AeHexHofi Raanu, 3anpe®aeTX OTnycKaTb jCHhrH hsx nrraTCX- ') n. C. 3. K 4847. ') Cp. em u rp. CucpaccKaro n ipxast r. Kaiaieaa 1859r., a. 3: „co«ir; npBHuxeuu He Torn o uac» cosinaiejiHaa, ho h bisctl ]tlcniirre»Haro repa- miajaen. ai rpyfiyn omH5«y, ornoca yipeaxeHie BepxoaHaro laSnaro contra Toraao koBpeaeaH Herpa II. OmH6aa era aMtera passt to ocaoBaaie, bto 50 cchjbh MeHBuiBBoaa, eepsoLauS ratHut coBtra 6bmb opyxiembb pyaaxa ipesreHmusa.

— 170 — KOHTOpu 6e3x uoBeoriHia iicero Tafinaro coBfea; yiiHiToacaen. npaBO ceHaTa onpeit.iBTi, Ha aoaehocth, npejnHcaM. eMy iipeACTaBAHTb aaH- Ahaatobx sx cefii ua yTaepatjenie. 9to orpaHHieme jonuo no Toro, HTO eCAH KaHUHjaTU 3TH HaXOAHTCH BX BoenHoft Cjy*6t,, TO CCHSTX He Moserx hxx upejcraB-iaTb, He CHecnmcb npej.BapHTe.ibHO cx Boen- Bofi KojjerieS. 3a cenaTOMX ocTaB-ieno npauo hchocpoactbchho onpe- jijHTb TOJibKo bx HHsrniaaoakhocth peHTpajbHaro h ofijiacTHoro ynpa- kieuia: BoeBOAx, acceccopoBx, KaMepHpoBX h npoi. IIpH btomx Bonpocx oCx otijiacTHOHX ynpaBxeHia Taxse He ymeix otx coB't'ra; ohx liocnt- nrajix OTM'tuHTb yHpe»A6Hia IleTpa h TCH.iHTbBxacTb ryfiepnaTopoBXa BoeBOAx. TpyAHO onpeAliAHTi,, bto pyEOBOAHAO cob&tomx npa xaKOfl peijjopsrfi. MoaeTX 6htx hcaoctetoex Easnu, MOxeTx 6hti. APyria co- oSpaxemn, fio-iie cpoAHHBxapaETepy ehh3h MeabiniiKOBa '). Em,e 6ojte cTapajica yHH8HTb cobIitx cyAefiHoe suaienic ceHaTa. PeKeTHeftCTepx, oaho H8X BasH'liftiDHxx opyAitt BAiaHia ceHaTa bx cyAe6HHxx Atiaxx, 6iux yHHTroseHX, a A^-ia ero uopyieHH cenaTCEOMy oCepx-cespeTap*). B c i pimcHia, no KoropbiMX irpecTyrmHKH npHroBapHBaAHCbex CMepwo# EaSHH HAHUO.IHTHqeCKOfi CMCpTH, CeHaTX He HOTX npHBOARTb BX HCHOX- HeHie caux codon, ho npeACTABHbx hxx opeAnapaTeAbHo bx BepxoBHuS Ta0Hiifi coaiTx. Ilocution EOAjeriHnpexocTaBAeHO npauo paacHaTpHSaTb h KOHijmpMOBaTbnparoBopHno A&iaHX o hhxhhxx bohhckhxx hhhbxx. He npeACTaBjaa bx ceHaTx. KoHTpoxnpyiomee SHaieme ceHaTa Tasae VMeHbinH.iocb, TaKX Easx cob^tx nocniinnMX bo3ctbhobhtl peBHsioHX- KOA.ieriD, npHCoeAHHennyio Herpom ex ceHaTy bx BHAaxx ycn.ieaia ero uacTH. Mothbu sioro noerynEah AaAbHiitrnia pacnopaxcHia coBiia AOEaauBaiOTx ero HenpeMiHHyio p&mHMOCTb noKoaefiaTi, anaienie csoero IipOTHBHHEa. „TaEX EBEX He H3BtCTH0 TOCJO AOXOAOBX H paCXOAOBX, roBopHTx npoTOEOAx 9 aHBapa 1727r.(§ 11), h oKononia 6hab HaBicnia y H8CX TOAbKO HO BMeHH, TOyHpeAHTb peBHSioHX-KOAAeritO, KOTOpaH6H AOHocHAa Beaxifl ir&caqx o A&iaxx cortTy, cvoTptaa naEpintto, tto KB3i je-ja-raeiapw r. nerapcaaro, crp. 78: „C«op» coiaieS 6i hoju n uteri anaprapoBaHia n aio (uo ci*iaao ci tod niiio, ito6h npe- AOTBpaiBTi BaaromaeciK) Boesoji, aoropae BHBorja He nponycnajH cayeaa BoaBi- rpawn c«6a aa nojapia intSlHiian, np« HasaaieHii m Tasia joixhoctb. Uo m l non, own. uuesan 6oitmi» cymm on onpejlueaia ioeeo»; n«. 6iu* npejocranaem cdopa nojare8“. Koueiao caoea eram in t caopie TacraaS hi aecKifi, itai oSne-»pMHBec«iB mepee*.

— 171 — He upeBOCXOAHTi JH rocyxapcTBeHHufi pacxOAi npHxoxy, CHorpiTb aa HcnpaBHOD BHAaqeio ataaoBaHba pa8HujrB imam; npn CAyiaioiUHXCH BasHtixi A&iax’B npH3usaTi> n TaflHnfi conin oahhi hah abb pasa in. netfuio cenaTopora h npe3HjeHTOBi Kowerifi i.w costTa“. Kaci AaxeEO saxoahab upiyrenaiH coirfcTa, bhjho u3i upoTOEOja aacijiaHia, rtuiimaro noa i npeAciASTe-iLCTBOMi repnora rojLinTHHCKaro, nocaseHHaro b i coBiri otobhaho c i utibR) suepun AecnoTHiecKie iiopHBH McHiiiHHKOBa. O n yse Torxa bha$a i cTpewesie cob4ta czt- AATbca BepxoBHHMT* TpHOyHajom b i rocyAApcTBi, ha pwy c i BjacTbn rocyAapa, n cxapa.iCH BBecraero bi npeji-iu couimare-ibHaro cofipania, yAOBaeTBopHB'B ero caMoa»6iio yHHseHiem bi ero noaisy APyrnxi yqpeajenifi. Taai ohi ofiiaBAaen, wo „cob4t i ne ecit. ocofeunoe cyAHJimie, a cofipame k i oSxerqeHiD dpeaeiiH upaweHia”. Ho Birtcrfc ci rim onpejixeno ane.i.inaiH Ha ceHan a KOjjeria uojaBaTL bi costTi. Jlajie, 3anpenieH0 a&iati xaaia 6a to hh 6h.to jeHeamua BHAaaH ceaaTy, cmoxy h KOJueriam (5esi yxasa aepxoBnaro Taflaaro coabTa; ceHan non&ai bi coBepmeHHyio oneKy; t&k i eMy, Hapasat c i HpOHHXH KOjlXeriHMH, HpHKa3aH0 npCACTaBHTb CTOTU BI peBH3ioni-KOx- aerin, uoai cTpaxoMX yAcpxauia xanoBaHin y ceHaTopoBi h hhhobi Koxieria, aoaa ohh He Hcno-mara aroro TpetaaHia. 3at&m i nocTa- HOBJieHO, hto cenaTopti, npaxo.iamie ci AOHomeaiaiiH bi coBin, He MOrVTX lipHCVTCTBOliaTb B’b HeMl BO BpeHa 3acixaHia, a nocai B6J&H0 conpoBoajafb hxi ceKperapam ’). CoBtn, npHBHMajn acaxoOti a lexo- fiiiTHua, Ha3naqaa a-m aroro oco6ae abb, TpeSoBaai b4aomocth o He- AOhhe&x i , 061 OTHHcanHuxi AepeBnirxx *). H'tiri coirainia, vto nojofiHoe HanpaBjeBie sucmefi ajMmiHCTpaniH BpeAHOao-tsho Cu.io OTpasHTbcaha Koxjeriaxi. Jyxaa hxi ocBofioAHra on KOHTpo.M ceaaia, oho bh4cto Toro bhochao b i hhxi xaoci h FeonpejiaeimocTb, toalko hto ycTpaHeHHue IleTpOMi. BOHHCKia u HHOCTpaHHaa EOJueria cnavaxa Oujh ocBoSomAenu on BxiaHia ceHara, a noTom h BepxoBnaro coBiTa ,no bashocthnpoH3BOA«niHxca m hhxi a4a i“ (aaKb (SyAro KOHTpo-THpoBaTb. uysuo nycTiia Alia). BciiAcrsie aroro, y EOaaerit bthxi passHAHCb HenoxipHua TpefioBaHia no otho- nieHiB e i Apyrnm, teei ito cenan AoaateHi (Shai orcraHBan Heaa- BHCBHOCTb HXl. B l EOHp'fe 1726 T. OHH H0Tpe60BaAH, HTo6u repOAbAlH u peEerneScTepCKaa xoHTopa CHOcHAHCb c i hhhh AOHomeHiaHHHarom OCHOBEHIH, HTO OHH HOAMHeHU CeHaTV, Cl EOTOpiJKl rocyAapcTBeHBua EOAJeriH CHOcaTca npoMeHopiaHu. CeHary h«ao 6hao y6tjHTb cbohxi j) Cm. uporOKOAH BepxoBHaroTaAitarocoirtra,id,, H. C.3.&&4847,4853,4862, 4930, 4998, 5023, 5105, 5132. *) Cp. rpaipi CnepanciiS at to! ze crant.

— 172 — 6DoancTueHHHXt npoTHBHHKOBt bx HcocaoBaTMbHocTH Hst Tpe6oBainfi l) Bnia TaKie npHnipu bx cbohxx co paTiaxx, xpyria Eoxieria nocri miuii 3aaBHix cbod aesaBBCHMOCTb h caocHTbca iienocpejcTBeHno ci 6ncpxoBHUMx coBtioMx, npexcTanjaa eiiy joEaaju u nposKTLi saitonoBX homhmo ceHaTa *). Hiia'ie sto, BupoieMX, h irrb He Mor.io, nOTOMj iTO sepxoBHug cob4tx hoctobhho CTapaaca hhsbcctx cenan, aa cTeiiem, xpyraxx KO.i.ierift, npasbiBaa ero i.ieHOBX HapaBni cx npe3HAeHTam h ueHa«H Koaaerifi jaa ofixacHeniS h OTBiTa. Bx to ate Bpexa soa- xeria nepeAtJuuajaci, bx cocTaBi, yuaiTosajacb a Aaate saatajracb 7jiMHBbiMii aopyHeaiaHH. Taax, Hanpaaipx, anaTcx-KOHTopa noxTOBena Kauepx-aojaeria, mahyi[j:ikty]) .-ko.uerih bobcc yaHTroateBa, a najx i|iaOpHKanTaMn aasHaacax ojhhx aporeKTopx. ^liaTeabHOCTb ocTaBmHxca KOJi.ierifi CTicnena; 6esx naxr, xaate oCxoahtch bx Ba»t)rt.ftinnxx bo- 6upocaxx BHyTpeHHaro ynpanjenia. CaMue Baatabie asTU Toro BpeaeBB hcxo.ihtx Ceax yiacTia a xaxe esx Bf.xOMa BO.i-ierifi. FopauS ycTaBX, <5eprx-npHBaaaeria H3xaHii mhmo (Seprx-KOiieria. Beace-ibHU® yciaBX— mbmo KOMMepnx-aoaaeriH *). HeyxBBBTejbao, no cRopo BCa cacreMa, cosxaHHaa HeTpoax. pa3py- uiaaacb Ha cto-jeko, hto yate cx TpyjOMX uoxuo 6u m Hakra hcxoxhvd. tobkv pyccEoa axHEHacTpaaia. y »e bx HapcTBOBaHie IleTpa II yapea- AOHia Hama npexcTaBaa»Tx MHoroiHCxeBnyB a pasHooCpasayn Macey- HaiiMx He CBH3aaHuxx m£ctx a jhhx. y Emmanra *) noaimeHO ao- 6onuTnoe nepeiacacBie bthxx yipentxeHiS a jraqx hxx aanojHHBraaxx. Bx AOKyMeHTi btomx, (ftiiiomeMX Bci upasHaRa jocTOB'bpiiocTH, ohk crpyanHpoBaHU caixyDmaHX oftpasoax. Ha nepBOMX Mi<rri ctohtx sep- xobhhHTaSHuS coBtTx, Eaax BucDiee npaBHTejbCTBCHHoe Micro HsiuepiH. 3aTiax caixyeix nepetHC-ienie EoaaeriS, a aeatxy hhmh Ha nepBOMX Micrt ceHara, KoropoMy npaHajaeann ynpaBjeHie rocyxapcrBeHHHMX xo3aflCTBOMX, DCTHniec h nojHHieio (dieses Collegium fubret die Ober- Direction aller im Reich verfallenden Kammer-Oekonomie-Justitz-Po- iizei und andera Sachen uad stehet immediatement untcr dem Be-' fehl und Ordres des Geheimen Gpnseil). TaKHMX o6pa30MX sa cem-. TOMX OCTajOCb TOAbKO TO, HTO OKOnTOTC.IbHO yTBepXHXOCb 3aHBMX, 6x8- roxapa xiaTeaxnocni reaepaax-npoBypopa: xiaa no aaMepx- h bctbhx- KOxieriH. KpoMi Toro, HenocpexcTBeHHO npH ceHarfc coctobtx KaHae- aapia.repo-ibxia h MaHytftaKTypx-KOHTopa. BoeHHaa Boaaeria, hoax py- eoboxctbomx npe3HxcnTa reHepaaa Mhhhx», noayiH.ra yae o6inHpH8e ■) n. C. 3. 16 4932. 1726 ’) np«Mipy cp. n. C. 3. J6X 6173, 5274a 5275. J) UpoTOKOju nepiOBBaro rafiaaro coBtra 28 iftBpa.ia h 14 i> 9 auaapa 1727 r. a saoHcua rpaipa Cnepaacaaro. *) T. xn, crp. 366 b cj5x.

— 173 —- pa3BHTie, cl cawocTOSTejtBUMH xoaaficTiieBBiJMH. pcbbsioBBumh h ja *e cyxedHHBH lacTBMH. T an , npn bc# coctohtl ofiepL-KOMMnccapiaTL, 191KpHrci-na«-KOHTopa, nposiaHTcsaa KOHTopa a reaepaAL-ayAHTopiaTL *). AjMHpa-iTeftcEaa KOJi.ieria OT. n a. acb oOiniipiuiMbpa3BHTieuLeme npn 6XH3BH ea ynpejnraiH, ran bto jaate indua. cyjb. Bcit^cTBie STOro. upH Hefi eocTOHTB jo I -TH eobtopx ’ ). Ka«epL-Ko.i.ieria, npexao HBismaa TaKoe ofimapaoe SHaneaie, xenepb, cb nepeniHOK> chctchu o6jaciHaro ynpaaaeHia, 3aa9HTeAbH0 cOKpaTn.iact bl CBoeML cocraBi; 0Kaseica, ohb c^taaaacb to.ibko ctiopmJML nyHKT m> aoxoaobl, Torja nasi npexje hsl hcs Hasnanajacb same RoenoAU. Ilpn He# coctohah ofiept-pcHTcpea b i C.-IIeTcpfiyprb, anuH3naa KonTopa. IOcthuvkoa- 0icria, cl coctobuhml ■npn Be# HiMeuKHML xenaprasicHTOML n npi- bocthoB K BTopo», 09CBBJBO, yae He hstBctl ocoficHBaro sHanenia, no Beaxiano bl oC-iacTaxL i|>HCKaioBLh noc.iyiao npeAOCTaBAeaia upasa cyxa ryfiepHaTopaMi h BoeBojant. 3aHaiia EOMMcpuL-EOj.icriii ocTajacb, Kaxcrca, 6c3l HsxtHeHia; npn aei coctobjh TaxoweHHaa AKpeapis bl C.-DeTepfiypri h MDapL-^HpeKTopiyML. 3aMt9aTeabH0 no.ioxeiiie peBHsioHL-KoaaeriH. Mh bba^-ih, bio ona fiuaa yHH9TOBeaaIleTpouL a iipscoeAHHeHa el ceuaTy,..lioneate bahko a4ao ecTL, 9to a ceaaTL AiAaniL”. Pacnopaxeeie uto eme fio.iie ycH- ahao KOHTpoatnyn bahctb ceaara, oco6eano npn coAtBcrniH renepa.iL- opoaypopa. UpeBpaipaa cenaTL bl npocTyn Boxieriio, Tafinufi cobBtl nocn-iiBH.iL bosctbhobhtb peBH3ioHL-KO.ueri®. CocTaBHieAb sanucKH ro- BOpHTL, 9T0 OHa ynpCKACBa BL 1727 r. BXbCTO peBHSiOHL-KOHTOpbl, fiuBmefi npn cenaT-i. Bl see aoashh Shah nocrynaib aa OKOHnaTe-it- iiy® peBHSi® c9ctu H30 BcixL nacre# rocyAapcTBeaHaro yupaiueHia. Bo npewa cocTaB.ieaia 3anacKH, eme aeHSBtcTHO aaxe 6hao, kokjt 6y- ACtl n0A9HH6Ha STa ROAieria—ceaaiy h.ih BepxoBaoxy Ta#Hoxy co- Bixy 3). IIoc.iiAHee (>hao, BnponexL, ropasAo BipoaiBie, lioTOMy 9T0 OAHa H3L KOUTOPL, COCTOflBBIHXL npH KOAAerill AXH peB)(8in 0CTBT09- buxl cyMHL, uocTaB-iena boal HenocpeACTBCHHoe bJaomctbo con-iia, noAL HMenexL fla.iaHCL-KaHne.iapia, rAi werden alle Restantien, welche sehr important sind, executive beygetrieben. nowriAywmia pacoopaaesia c.0B+,Ta eme (io.rie yTBepAHAH 3-ry aesaBHcaxocTB peBB- 0‘) llpemxc, npa Derpi I aoenaai soueria He naiia ucaaBHcnaofl cyjeGaoa laciB mbmo ceaaia, cp. TareaeSciepa saaoBan Derpa Beiaaaro, IK. M. H. lip. 1836 r. iou h asrycra. !) AiMBpaaTeScaaB aoatopa, renepaja tpirc-i-Bouftccapiati, ai»np.-na.it-aoa- ■ropa, aaiMeScTCpcsaa uontopa, npOBianrcaaa aoBTOpa, apiBaaepiScaaa soaiopa, ByBjBpHaa aoBtopa, KoarpoiiHaa aoBropa a v. j. J) Manweissnoch nichl, ob dieses Collegiumunter. Geheimen Couseil, Oder des Senates bommen wird.

— 174 — siOHi-KOJueriH, Tpefiva, vto6m xase H3t ceHaTa npHcujajHcb Bt Hee OT1CTU. Kpoifi Ko.oeriS, Bt a,xMHHHCTpapiH Hameft o6pa30Ba.iocb ome rrfc- cKOjibKO MHue.wpift , w paanuxt aacTeil, xaxt, HarTpnstt.pT,, oCept-apTux- .lepificxaa xannejapia, MexHHHHcitaa Kamre.iapia h t. x- Hopaxoxt Hxt noxtnneHia u OTBomema x t xpyrHitt yipearxeniaitt HeH3fftcrHu. Bca STa uacca yapearjemfi 6tua CBa3aHa ueacxy co6ok> Becaxa c.iaduMK y.'uiMH. Kastept h DCTHU,t-xo.i.ieriit noxHHrta.titci, ccHaTy to.ii.konoTovy, hto B t OTnomeHia nocxixHefi ont 6u.it. cyxe6noio HHCTaHxiefi, xora Tenept h He noc-rtjneio, a Bt OTHoraeHiu nepuofl esty npHHaxxesaxo BHcinee ynpaBxesie rocyxapcTBeHttustT, xoaaftcTBOMt, Bt KOTopoe coBirb He ate.ta.it enje irsttmititaTbca. Ho sa to Bt ocTaxhHUxt xoxaeriaxt OTHOntema 6ujh xo KpaftnocTH nepenyTaHU h, c t Kaarxum. roxoin. BaaxmecTBa coatxa, HeypaxHtia CTaHOBHjracb crtJbHte it CH.rr.Hte. B t caMUxt OTHOiHOHiaxt x t ncpxOBnofi ruacrH npoHSonua 3Ha- 'utTc.Tbiiaa nepestina. B t HapcTBoaaiiic ErraTepHtm I h Bt HaxoatTCTBO llexpa II npearHOe coBOxyoHoe xtScnrie rocyxapa u ceHaTa, cBasaHHuxt reHepa-it-npoxypopoHt, aaMtrnr.wr, npoB3Boxont oxhoto KBasa MeBb- mHKOBa, KOTOpuit, Hantnaa to XBa Boxapenin ExaTepiiHU '), nycmit Bt oCparueHie TOTt o.iestenTt, Ha xoTopoHt onapa-ioct, Morymecrao BoeHHoii KO.i.ieritr. IlaxoHie arofiasma xocTaBHao tochoxctbo Joaropy- KttMt. Ohh He 3aHHxa.TH BitxHUxt cayareSHuxt xoasHOCTefi; Toxbxo npHXBopBue 'ihhu yxpatnaaH Hxt. Ohh saxtraTUBaioTt Bt cboh pyx» Btt rocyxapcTBeHHHa x+.aa, h, BistcTO BocHHaro ynpaB-iema MeHbnw- xoBa, aBaaexca oaHrapxia Bt canuxt rpy6u x t r)>opMaxt, o.iHrapxia, CTpeuHBniaaca npa Tost oxiTbca Bt mBexcKoe naaibe h H3o6paataTb C06010 rocyxapcTBeHHuB cob-&tb. Harrnr Be-ibKoacn Bopxonnaro TaflBaro contra noare.ia.iH pa3HrpaTb po.ib rocyxapcTBeHHaro coBiTa Illrtenirr a npexaoatHTb AHirt HBaHOBHi Taxix yc.iOBia, xaxia Bt 1718 r. Bt IQBe- niH opHHHja yxbpaxa 3-ieoaopa ’). Cenarc,, HH3mee XBopnncTBO, bo3- BpaTHBrniflca bo Bpeua HryatHHCxi#, nocntnnuH Hcno.imtTL poxb ceflsta Kapxa X h XI. CaxoxeparaBie 6u.io yTBeparxeBO bhobb *). BcMaTpHBaHCb Bt nCTopHnecKoe sHaneHie BepxoBHaro coBira, aeibsa He saaiTHTb Bt Bent ciubHoft hohhtkh xocTasnTb tochoxctbo CTapojty .iHHHOay rrata-iy, Toxbxo ito noCtsxoHHOsry IleTpoBCKHsm KO.iaeriaxrt. '! IIoipoCbocih aonapenia EaaTepaati; cm. Core ,Reisen“,La Mattraj .Voyages*, *) Cm. Nordenflycht, !S., La Mattray, crp. 409, T. HI. *) Mat, sonesHo, Birr. aaxoGaocra siaaaiaoa Bi HCTopatecaia coxpoliaocia aocraeciaia aa npecrrm Abbh Hbohoboh, bo larareja, stpoamo, noMaan 1060- auTHyio crane 00 sroity opexMery, noKtm. n PyccaoMi. B*ctbbk4 sa 1859 r. Cm. -raaaie II. C. 3. KK 5497-5501, 5508, 5509, 6510 a jp.

— 176 — Oho TnuneabHO npoBOjmca m i no bc4mb c(|iepaHB aannHHCTpaiiiH; bb atciaoHB ynpaMeniH oin, noanpainacTcn kb cncTe«rt noenoi't, ne oficraaieHnuxb hukskhmh jc&cthhhh yipexxeaiBiiR, aase t&khmh jbo- pananH, mkhmh oficTaRHji. hxb en(o papt QejiopB AaeacieBHqi. Bt> BacnraxB ci(iepaxb HC.irsa bo BHjtTt B03poat£enia ciaparo, fioapcaaro jnpaiueaia. Ho nonaina ora Hirlua boclmb paanHinyio cyii.fiy bb sthxb AByxB oJiepaxB. Bb sitcTHOMB ynpaaienin, coBepmeHHO amneHHOMB cayxaiaro cocaosia, B03ciaH0B-ieHie mupoKaro .umaro aana-ia hmIijo nojsufl YcrrixB h yjepsaaocb aase bb to Bpean, Korja npaBnTejbctbo npamibHO noacraHOMiuo IlexpoBCKia ynpeauema. Bb BacmnxB c<J»e- paxB nonUTaa stb ne aoraa nir&Tb Taxoro ycn-bxa. Hsb apeBHaro cay- anaaro fioapcTBa nerpi, nupafioTajn. ynpeatjeme, rat Koaaeria.ibHUJi h .manna Hana.ia (5m.ih coeimieau h, ypaBHOBtmHBaa o*ho flpyroe, jtaaaH 6e3onacHBiMi nmpoaoe no.iHTBteCKoe SHanenie, KaaniiB iioabso- sa,ica ceroTB. liepxonnnS raBnnS cob4tb xorbn ocHOBaTb Tanoe a>e ynpeajeHie Ha Oj(HOMB .iihhomi iianaat h npn toms bb xaitoMB CMuc.it, hto GaecKx nponcxoaienia h pojonoe BEanenie saatnaan 6u cayateGHoe AOctohhctbo h CBoSojHoe asCpaaie MOBapxa. 3to fiuja (foapcnaa ayna, noayiHBmaa caMOCToaxeabHoe no.iHTHiecKoe cyneeraoBanie, pojoBaa apHcioKpaxia, coepHHenitan bb Koaaerig) 6e3B ea oprannsanin. OTCBaa Ghxb yae npasioS nepexoaB kb oaarapxiH, npoiHBoptiHBHiifi ncxopH- necKHMb upeianiaMb cTpara h BH3BaBHii8 aneprnnocKiR npoTecTB. Do yHH'iTOKeniH coBiia, HsinepaxpHna ofoaBma TBepaoe Ha>r6peHie papcTBOuaTi, bb ayx'fi Ileipa I. PesyabTax-oMB btoto Gh.to Boacxanoiiacme iipaBnie.iicniyioinaro ceHaTa Ha npeameMB ocnoBaHiii. Sasrtnaxeai.BO npa 9tomb, hto aoasHOCTb I’eHepajB-npoKypopa ne 6u.ia noacTaHOB-iena TOr^a ate. OObhchiixb 3to asaeHie npesBunafino xpyjHo; xortaa an HsraepaTpupa AOKa3aTi> othmb cbob aoBipie kb ceHaTy, BHEa8aBinejiy Taxia BipnonoiuaHHH'ieciria nyBCTBa, hjh ona hoBno.mt (Sma BHaKOMa cb kjjc.thmh Hetpa I ii npeanoaaraaa boshoshoctb ceHaTa 6e3B reae- paaB-npoKypopa, HaH, HasoHenB, cob4thhkh ea HataH bb auay nosrfc- cthtb Kasoe Hnfiyab HOBoe ynpeataeHie aeatav ceHaTOHB h BepxoBBon BaacriB, KOTopoe motjo (5a cayatHTb hxb ptaaai, He HanoHHHaa Bep- xoBHaro coBiTa, pf.nriiTi. sto, ho uensriiuiio BipnuxB CB'bainiB, aeabsa. pOpOBB. Ohb neMca-ieiiHo socnoaB80Baaca cbohmh npaBaan, jurn BOiBopeeia bb aamtHHCTpaoiii npeatnnro epencTBa. BcM ab 3a aaHHiJiecTOHB aune- paTpaijH, ohb H3jjaaB noBeaiHie bc4mb KoaaeriaMB a KaimeaapinMB, nopaBaiB bb ceuaTB aicaraae panopra o ptmeHHHXB a He ptmeu- hmxb ataaxB. ^eHbrii, co6paiinaa bb ryfiepHiaxB h npoBimuinxi hsb aouMKn 3a nponuae row, 3aapemeHO vnoTpefiaarb bb pacxojB fiesB

— 176 — cemkTa «, BMhcTi ca rhMa, ue.iiHO uojaBaTt o HHia eatenicaiHiie panopm Ba cenaT'b h KaMepa-Ko.ueriio. Cioth Bcixa KOMeriS h ksh- nexapift ca 1719 no 1727 r. BexiHO nosipHTb Ba KaKepa-EoaieriH, nxa qero npH Heft yqpeaxeHa oco6hB ctoxb. HcKJuoieme cji-iaHOjua oOiaxa boohhuxt. K0.ueriii, Koiopmn. aosbojcho bob^phtb sth caem y ce6n, ho ca ofiaaaHHOcTin npexcTaBina Hxa sa ceBan. Bci Atxa CuBinefi (JiHCKa-iLcicofl EaHQeaapiH Bejf.no npenpoBOAHTb aa cemTa. 3a- rfesia, cenaTCEHin. joK.iajoMa, Bucoiaflme yiBepayienHUMa, mraTca- KOHTopa bhobb OTjfueHa oTa KaMepa-KO-uerin, HaTOMa ocnoaaHiH, bio 3to 6u m yipeaxeno HHuepaTopona llcTpoxa I. HaaoHeua, ceHaia aoa- CTauoBjaeTB cboo cyxeCnoe BHaqeue, Easa fijncTHTenn npaaocyxia, a ho cyjefinoB HHCTaanin; ynaaaMH cbohmh oHa B03CTaH0BH.ia xo.ijehoctb peKeTweflcTepa, KOTopoxy npejiiHcaiio nocTynan Ba cH-iy npeaiHHxa HHCTpyaitiB *). OfiiacTHoe ynpaB-ienie chobo npeAOCTaajeao noxHoxy pacnopaaceHiio ceHaia. HxeHHHxa ysasoxa BoeBOja aejf.no gaSHaiMB Ha jaa roja, nocii qero ohh oOaaaHU 6l.mii caisaaTbca ca OTieianH Ba ceHaTa, KOTopufi moit. acnpaanuxa octoehtl eme Ha xaa roja Ba npeaiHefl aojsbocth j). Jan nadJDxeHia sa rtxa, ito xfuaxoca Ba cesaTi, HancpaipHna 6 60npn f,r.ia TOJbKO Ba caxoxy yxipeHnoxy cpejcniy. Kaajyio cy < Ty 603ceHaia xojaeHa 6hjb npeacraBJaTb eft abb panopia: oinna o pimeH- Hbixa jfuaxa, xpyroft o TaaHxa, kotophh a xoiuaja Ea RejnseciBy pfimenu Cuts He iiorvTa *). Bee BHHiraHie HanepaTpimu oOpaTHXoci. 0 0Ha opraHHsaniio aroro yqpeatxeHia. Ba caMuft roja ea Bopapeaia oaa HSjaaa ysaaa pa3at.ieHiH ceHaia Ha jonapTajieHTH. Ysasa ororb, BM'fcerli ca ceHaTCBHua VKasoxa paenpejfJOHiHji-ia sa KaHiie.iapin *), xoryra jaib no.iHoe nonaTie 0 Torn., Ba Kaxoft n ipt Anna HsanoBHa sexaja BOSCTaHOBHTb 3uanenie ceHaia. Hpeatje Bcero HxnepaipHiia o6pamaen BHHxaHie Ha iy ssbhch- MOCTb, Ba Koiopoft HaxoxHJHCb qjeHH ceHaia OTa xaBiieupia, Tasa Kaua Bc-fe jiaa sa HpaBHTejbCTByBmexa ceHarfc onpej'ftaaDTca uojo- oaxaua h BuiracBaMa, yaHHennuna KannejapcBHMH c.iyjKHTe.iHHH, a HaTypaJbHO no sa .jOKjajaxa h BumicKaxa, both h He ho KaKHMa cTpacTHMa, oxHasoae OTa npoeroTH, OTa HHorojiabCTBa, on. csoparo cn-huieuia, hjh o n HHaro EaEoro cjynaa Karaa norpfineHia 6hb» n r i; o n Koiopuxa h 6esa bchkoS bhhh npaBHTexbCTHyBntaro ceHaia, Ba pesojioniaxa BpeneHe«a EaKin necxoxcTna npoHsoftTH xorvn, bt. TOicy ■) n. C. 3. 5610, 5513, 5529, 5534, 6543, >) II. C. 3. M.M5522 b 5598. *J H. 0. 3. X 5366. *) II. C. 3. XX 5570, 5606, 5587.

— 177 — xe otb MHoxecTBa j t a i web rocyjapcTEieBHuxB, xaKBb qejodnTiHKO- bhxb, EOTOpuji HajodHOcaymaTbh ptmaTb BceMycodpaHiio, He jocTaeiB BpeH6BHu. JlyqmHMB cpejCTBOMB HcnpasHTB ototb HejociaTOKB h jaTt wenaMt ceHaTa bo3mo* hoctl npaBHabnoh camiMB ptmaTb jtaa, mrae- aropaipmia noaaraeTi, paajiaeme BcixB jiaB no jenapTaMeHTaMB, Easi cjtaano bb jpyrHXB BHoerpaHHUXB rocyjapcTiiaxB. ^.Ii-ia»th, boj- acataBims pacnpeataeaiB Bt both jenapTaMeBTaxB, dura cxt.jyemi.ia: bb nepsoMT. jeoapTasteHTi jtaa jyxOBHna, „bb ie*b ohh troryn sa- caTbca npaBHT&iiiCTByiomaro cenaTa\", bo btopomb jtaa bo6hho8, cyxo- nyTHot a Mopcitofi KOj.ieriS, bt. TpeTtem, jtaa EaMepB-Koaaeria o jo- xojaxB h pacxojaxB rocyjapcTnennuxB, bt. tctbcptomb jtaa neao- 6HTBHK0BH (peKeTMeftCTepCKifl) B BCTBO'b-BOXieriH, BB MTOMB jtaa EJ- ueaecBia, o rocyjapcTBeubqxb saBojaxB, cpadpiiKaxB h deprBepKaxBT Bet jta a jo.iatHU duaa nocTynaii, CHaiaaa bt, jenapTaMeHTH h pascMa- TpiiiiaTi.ca npaHo ceHaiopaMH, cocToaBinHMH bt, tout, jenapTaMeurt, KOTopue h vjiaBunajH KSHnexapin, bt, aaKovB cMuc.it oHa joaataa duaa nojroTOBHTbjoKaajB jaa odmarocodpaaia. „ Hpeatcie nepsoe, saHaamaB yaa8i, BcaKia uorptmeiria bb nanacanpiB npaBHTeaBCTBVDmaro cenaTa ynpejnTca; Biopoc, BcaKia jtaa.CB ayiniHMB ocHOitaHieMBH6aaroyroj- humb npasocyjieitB, a Tpeiie, Ocbbojokhthoh 6e3T, ocTaHOBKH pimeHH h OTnpaBJieBU 6y,iyrt“. B t EaatjOMB jenapTaMeHrt ceaan, ycxaaoBnaB cespeTapa, a npH ofimeMi, codpaniH odepB-ceKpeTapa. He npomao, ojHaso, HicitoaBKHXB MicajeBB, kbkb HsmepaTpana yBHjtia yae, bto cenan, He kosctb saaaTb Hajaestaiuaro Mtera bb vnpaBxeniH 6e3B toto- ynpeatjeiiia, KOTopoe npHjaBaao eiiy ctojbko BHaaeHia npa Herpt I. HeodxojBMO dujo jaTb atcTO aaiBOMy naiaiv bb ynpan-ieHiB, em it yjauio BUBOJHaBmexy CBoe HaaBaneme HtcKo.itKO ■ tin, Tony nasajB. Bb oKTadpt 1740 r., hsjebb du.TB vkb3B „o na- 3BaieHiu upn ceHarf reaepaaB-npoBypopa h bb noMomb eiiy odeps- upoKypopa, odB onpejtaeaiH bb EoaaeriaxB n jpyraxB cyaednuxB atcTaxB aposypopoBB b oaadanjeHiH ceaaTy, bto6u qeaodHTiHEH npa- BUMB B HexHueMtpHHMB CyjOJCB yjOBO-IbCTBOBaHU, a bb rocyjapcTBeB- huxb jtaaxB pascMOTptBie h ptmeBie bhhbmu daoi co bcbkoio pee- BOCTio h jodpuMB uopajKOMB^ '). MoTHBaMH kb BTOxy pacnopaseniio BUCiaBaaeTca MejaeHHowB ceHaTCKaro jtaonpoH3BOicTBa, Hedpesesie o rocyjapcTBeHHBixB jiaaxB h sHaiHTeabHHa ocTaHOBKH, cxobomb i t HevjodeTBa, KOTopua IleTpB ayaaaB orcipaHHTb yqpeaaeHieaB reHe- paaB-npoKypopa a „m.khmb ate yKasoMB onofi bhhb, noKOHiBHt ja ia Hamero h rocyjapa, OTeraBaeBB, b KtHB orpimenB, o tomb HaMB ne- H3BicTHo“. PeHepa-iB-npoKypopoMB, Bnpejb jo Ha3HaneHia jpyroro anna1* ') H. C. 8. * 6626. 12 1. rpljOBCKiit. t. i.

— 178 — (qero He nocjiixouuo), onpcjt-jienx renepaxB rpaijn. HryxHHCKifi. Cb btoB ate MHHyTu naiHcaeTca cTporoe cocpeioTOieHie rocyAapcTBeHitHXB A$x b bb oih^s b pyitaxB, h ycTpaHaiDTCa Maorie saxHtie 6esnopHjEH. TasB, HanpHHtpB, CHfinpCKoe ynpaaieHio, BcatflCTBie SeaoTirfeTCTneH- hocth ryfiepHSTopoBB, nepeciaxo irpHHOcim, -rb aoxoah, Kaitie nasHa upexAe noayqa-ia cb btoA cxpaHu. Ojuoiu hbb uepBUXB Mips rens- pa.n.-npoKypopa (Shao BOSCTaHOuxeme in. Mockat ( r j i bb to Bpeua HaxoAMact h HMnepaTpHpa h soofime Bee ynpaBaeme) (iusuiaro CH&ip- cKaro npaxasa, Koxoposiy HeuocpeACTBeHHO HOAHHHeHU Bci BoenoAU, a caMbift lipHKaaB ota&hb bb BliaiHie ceHaia boat. AMpeKiiiro flryxHn- cEaro '). IIoBCDAy paacujanTca yKasu ceHaTcsie o HexoA.ieHHOMB Hcno.iHeHiH ero npeAiiHcaHifl noAB crpaxoxB niTpaijia. Koxierin net, 6e3B HCK.TOieHia, noAranaioTca ecxn He HenocpeACTBemiovy vnpaB.ieaiio, to KOHTpoxio cenaTa !). HonuS per.iaueHTB sanepB-KOXAeriH coBep- menno HOATHHaeTB ee ceHaTy; evv xe nepejaHU Taxefinua a&je ly- xobhmxb aant; ho ero npeACTaaieHiio co6ahhhh>tch a j)a3AlixaiOTCji BOJueriH, kbeb, nanpuM'fepB, CeprB-KO.i.ieria n HaHycliaKxypB-soHTOpa npH- coejHHeHU kb. KOMMepHB-KO.T.rerin. Bc4 ckoabko hhOvab BaxHbur Mt.pu npHHHHanTca uebum KOAxeriasiH, ne HCMBiqaa bobhhbixb, He hhric r&kb no npeABapHTexbHOMB- panoprfc ceHaTy. OrBiTCTBeHHOCTb hxb npejb sthmb yqpexAemeMB CTaHOBHTCH AOBOXbno cepbeBHOio. TaKB, bb naiaxt 1731 r., Hm(!hhoh yKasB npeAnacuBaeTB o CTporoxB CBHxiTeAbcrso- BaHiH cneTOBB aAMapaATeScKofi h BoeHHOfl KOAxerift. KojaeriH bth Aoxro He npHCHxaiH bb ceHaTB cbohxb 0TT6T0BB, hoaoOho mhoiumb apyraMB, a HOTOHJ OTTCTU BTH HpHKa3UBaeTCa H3CjrflJ0naTb „CB Be.IHKHirb upH- HyjK.;eiiicMB, a uofiu to KaEB uaHCKopie B3ncitam> h Hcno.meHO <5uTb Morxo, Toro i.m to BsucKaaie uopyanTb hbb txenoBB ceHaTCEHXB, bohhcm 06b uo.ueriH PyH«Hnoay, a KaMepB h niTaTCB-KOHTopy ypycOBy”. Ce­ HaTy xe HOATHHeHB H MOCKOBCKIH reHepaAB-nojHHiilMeltCTepB *). ' Ho Beit bth pacnopaxeeia hjioxo cxoahahcb cb bhaemh OcTepnaaa; ohb Bee eme He HOKHAaxB cBoefi adChhoS xeiTH, nocTaBHTb Hexxy ce- HaTOMB h BepxoBuoio BxacTin He jhho, a yipexAeme, bb kotopomb ohb HBA'bHACH 3SHHTb BHAH06 SftCTO *). ') n. C. 3. H 5659. Bucosatiiuc yrsepsiesHuS io u a ji ceuaTa. II. C. 3. 16K 5662, 5789, 5818, 5860. . *) n. C. 3. KJ6 6688 n 5700. •) 05a Ociepaaai, c«. uacma Aeja Poajo, aactaa XXIX i XXX. Hiaoiopue craTbH m Mar. Boinaara « Peter Havens, crp. 113.MoiseTi Cara kb MOKf xeiaaio aHABBayraca, npacoeiHBaaaci eme .iHaiiaa HeaaBHCit aa HryiMHCBOMy, ca. Maaaxa id.: ^Ostermano... avoit pear ennemi jur6 le procureur general JagouBchinski, et Loewenwolde Grand-Mar6ohal de la Cour et de son Mre, depuis GrandEcuyer, ce- lui de Biron Grand Cliambellan et le mien, lequel des deux, Jagousckinski ou

— 179 — KoxfiHiiauin, bi poaf, iiepxoiiHaro TaflHaro coBira, 6am yate jaERO MesosMOSHH,ga h 6e3noae3HU, xobkomv MHHHCTpy. Oht. pinmxca Hsiueii. U3T, RtaovcTBa cenaTa BaxHtftmia xixa, ocofieiraori, KOTopua asbiur eny CJyiaft noxyqaTb 3hrkh pacnoxosema on. HHOCTpaHHuxi, jbopobi, a nopyiRTB hxt. cosily, cocTaBjeEBoay hsi. HOMHOrHXb -mat, Mcaijy KOTopuHH oht, aanuMaxT, 6a caxoe BitjHoe Micro. Ci yjajieaiem. re- HepaxvnpoKypopa HBiuacbhooGxoahmoctl h bo3xoshoctb Tasoro Mi.crii, noToay rto HirnepaTpHaa ho piiuiuacb 6u oct8bhtb ceHan a npest- hhmh npaBaMH, a flryjKHncirift 00780X8X1 jiocxi cefia mnpoKoe Micro jxa aecToxiofiia. HMiiepaTpmia, HeathyrfiMb, nepeixaxa, no coBiTy Mr- Hiixa, bt>DeiepCypn. 031 Mockbh, r j i upou3O1n.ro in, nocxijHee upeua cto.ti.ro 3aM'lraaTe.ibHKX'b npoacmecTBift; Mocm 6axa safiaxa nojx. na- nxbiBOM’b HnocTpaHuaro BxiaBia. HoBaa KOMflHHauia OcrcpuaHa Hocuxa CKpoMRoe Ha3BaHie KaftHHOTa. HaauaHio bio bt, acropiH naraefi axuH- HHCTpapiu He hobo«. Ileipb, EaaTepaBa I HMixa KaHiiHeTT,, nyna no- xaBaxBCb nixa, noj.ieaaBiuia xhbhohv paacMOTpiHiio rocyjapa; sxicb cocpcxoroiMBaxacb h nepeoHCEact, Tisra .THuaan, Koropua HMtxH kbeoc BHfiyu XHiHoe nopyiesie orb HMnepaTpHpu. Ho oht. ne HMixt uhk8- koto caMOCTOaxexbHaro SHauema. HanporaB-b, uafimieTi,, cocTaBxeHHufl iranepaTpHnero bt. 1731 r., saxyaaHb OcTepMaHosn, ksst, caMOCToaTexb- Hoe, OTjixbHOe yjpeaueHie, cioamee He*xy ceHaroin, h BepxoBsoio BxacTiio ‘). Hosoe yupeatxeHie ycxaHoaxeRo, cam ofoaBxaerb 0 tomb ero. Tan, n 1738 r. „Maiopi Eaiaeriem gofleci, im n 1783 r. ea.v cxyiaiocv bi CaaOHpcii 6nn aa oiort ct TaSauui coitTBUioai iejopoai HaysoBaai, ao- topal rmopHi-v aauk ie easy aeiHiyo Baton r. odepwaaeprepi (Eapoai) a ipcsuaapmasi ipoai-MaiiBii, aoropaa no xorara, to a xtjaora a Bcin naci 60ryCan; a Haenuo, Axexcaexpi PyaaaueBi cocxaai a nponajaera m oan, raise reuepan arysaacxiff' (Mapiara IQerapia, cip. ). ') Mbbbji id. „Oetermannee troovani par It i iaMtedesaffaires, connutpar- faitement qu’il convenoit de reraplir le vide dont il est question ici, ct comme S. M. I. avoit une grande confiance en moi, Ostermann me pria de proposerk S.M.I. de former un cabinet, d’okTon pOt eipddier Ies affaires d’Etat les plus importan- de n'y mettre arec lui Ostermann,que le knaesAlexei Michailovitz Czirkaski, qn’il

— 180 — MaHH(J>ecTC., , m i jiyimaro h nopaAOiHaro oTnpan.ieaia Bcixx rocyaap- CTBeiraux'B a i j i h noabSH noAAaHHHXx“. Bx cociaBx ero bouue xaim- .lept rpaijix I'ojiobrhh'b, BHne-xaim.iepx OcTepuaitx h atacTBHTe^tEHH TafiHHfi cOBtTHUKx Hepxaccxin. Camift cocTaBX xaOHueTa noxasuBaax yate, ito ohx p§8HO OyAOTx OT-taqaTbca oix SuBmaro Bepxoaaaro co- Bina. Ohx kakx fiyjTO ycTaaoBaeax aah HnocTpaHHuxx ainx. Moserx Cutl. 9io m Oust, oahhx H3X raaBHUxx bhaobx OcTcpMana, chabho jo- - poatHBinaro caomemaMH cx rocyAapcTBaHH, ayajaimiHMHCji bx Poccut. Ho TorAa ae EadnaeTv npeaociaBxeax Baa.30px .3a Te'ieaieMX Atax bx rocyaapcTBeHBUxx yapeJKAOHiHxx; ceHaiy, chhoay, soaneriaiix a saHue- aapiaax npaxasaao noxaBaTb eateirfccaqHHe panopru bx xa6HHeix o npoB3BOAan(Hxca bx bhxx qeno(>HT'iBEOBHxx A'baaxx a j* nyc*OTpiHia, 6e3B0J0KHTH0-JH UO OBUMX pfeiaCaia 6HBaK)Tx“ *). KafiHBeTX TOTiaCX cai.iaxca HenonyxspeHX a), h aia Henouv-iapHOCTi* yBOAaqaBajacx no irhpli Toro, xaxx Bospaciaxo ero MorymecTBO. HepBHMX h HecoiraiH- hijmx peayAXTaTOMX yqpeaiaenia Taxoro nafiMHexa 6hao coBepnieHHOe ocBofioacAeHie Boennott Koxaerin otx babcth ceaaia a noAHHneaie pyc- CKOfi B0JHTBKH HHOCTpaHHMMX BBAHHX. CojIHHTe.lMlO, qTOfiu MhBBXX. Bomexx Toixacx bx coctbbx xaSaaeia, xaxx ohx camx pa3cxa3MBaeTX 0 cetVfe. Ho BipHO TO, 1T0 OHX, B0Al3yaCX nOKpOBHTC.lIXTBOUX HMUe- paTpaptl, 0 KOTOpOMXCBHA'tTejbCTByiOrX BC'i COBpeNOHHHKH, HMlAX B03- 0MoacaocTb CTaTb cx CBoefi Koxxeriei) bx HenocpeACTBeHBoe OTHomeHie xx nopxoBnoS B.iacTB. ,HoKjaAU npoHSBOACTiri. bx bo.tkoiihhbh b Apyrie ■ Bucmie noennue xhhh ctiuh aOAanaTbca iimiepaTpHirt HenocpeACTBOHHo hsx Boenaofi mixeriH. Ccuaiy 3anpomeao Hasaaaaib npoaypopoBx bx reBepajx-KpHrcx-KOMHHCcapiaTx h bx o6i bochbuji KoaaeriH, 6e3X npeA- BapHTejLHaro aoK-iaaa HMirepaTpap-fe. UpeTeHsiH noenHOfi xo-ueria Aomia AO Toro, no. KOJLieria HHOCTpaaHUXX At.ix n0Tpc.60Ba.1 a Haxoaenx ce- Harcxato vxasa, kotophmx 6a sanpeaieao 6ujo bocbboh EOAxeria xb- xaTb pacnopaatema 0 TaxHxx A'fc-iaxx, soTopua OTHocaTca xx KOAncria HnocrpaHnofl, 6e3X cnonieHia cx bthiix ynpeatieHiexx; cieiaua, npo- BiaBTcxia a EpHrcx-EOH«uccapiaTCxia kommhccih otabhu bx Henocpej- ctbchbog Bt.At.nie xafinneTa. liMtcrt. cx rtnx xoeHHofi xoAieria jano npaBo He HcnoAHarb ysasosx, npBcujaexLixx H3x npaBBTc-ixcTByiontaro ceBaia, ecjH ohb oxaxyica necxoACTBeHuu cx HMeHHUMii, ntxx napv- meHo ocHOBHoe noaoatOHio roHepaABaaro peraaMeHTa, no xoropoaiy koj- aerin, nojyraBnm ceaaTcxifl yKasx, necxoAnuit, no ea XHtaiio, cx n«ea- ') 0. C. 3. Ii!t 5869, 5871, 6873. ”) „Cet etablissemeotd'uncabinet 6tant ijnclquc chose de nonveau(?) enKnssie. et pas du goftt de tout le monde, d'autant plus qu’ Ostenuaun passoit pour avoir le coeur double et Cairkasti pour 6tre trds fciadant, on disoit: „que de ce cabinet Czirkaaki etoit le corps et Ostennann l’&me pen integre“. Mnnuxi, id, crp. 85.

- 181 — HbiuH, jo.ishu 6H.ia npejmBHTb 061 stout, ceHaTyh, bi cayaai hoa- TBepaueHia, hciiojihhtl ero CeaupeKOC-iOBHO, joneca Ea HunepaTop- ceovv BejHiecTBy *). 3aTt,MT, cHcreMa BHyTpeHHaro ynpaB.ieninHe noTepirtaa cymecTBeH- nnx'b Hssilmeiiifl. Csaia-ia Katfmieri Ayjiaas saiomca jaae ofiiacTHO® ajxnHHCTpauieft, ebrb wo bhaho hsi npiiKa3ania npeACTaojaw, bhobb onpeit.iaenuiT> booboai bi KafiuHert Eh HimepaTopCKaro Be.raiecTBa AO OTnpaiuCHia hxi bi ropoAa, no ipesi A»a fOAa upaon.io sto 6h,io otm&hcho a). Hot, Beixi betobi btoto bpcmcoh moieho bijbgcth to He- coJnrfcnHoe aaEJBieHie, mto Ea6HHera He HMiAi TaEiixi r.iyfiosHxi npa- mire.iBCTB0HHWxTi n$.iefi, Kant BepxoBHHft raSnufi coffin; co3jiaimuft Cl at-lio y.AOBAeTBOpHTb CaMOawCilO IltCKOatKHXI, JWll, OH! npHCBOH- Ba.il ce6ii yiacTie boBHyTpefiHemyupaBxenin rocyAapcTBOMi Hacto.ibko, na CKOJtKO wo Hyasiio 6u.io ija othxi .thhhuxi bhaobi. Hoboo yipe- aAeHie Rojrasko 6u m AOCTaBHTb CBoflojy A'ificTBia uoemroMy bIiaomctev, HHOCTpanHoS KO.UeriH—B08M01EH0CTB yjOBXeTBOpaTb TpeSOBaHTHMl HHO- cTpaHHirsi d.iarOAtTe.Teit, a bc$mi HnocTpannaMi mtl odeaaeveBBoe coAepataHie. BcaiACTBie btoto, EafiraeTy HeofixoAHHO 6bao noAiHHHTb ce6i cenaTi Sa ctojbko, hto6h He BcrptiaTb bt, Hem aaniHTUHKa Ha- niOHajbanxi HHTepccoBi, ifiHoaHCOByin aacTb Ha ctoai.ko, hto(Sh ao6h- BaTb noTpe6HOe aah HHOcTpaaneBi EOjHiecTBO A®Heit, a BC® TasecTb AtfiCTBHTeAbHoS aAVHHHCTpaHIH OH1 HOTl Cl fiOAbMHHT, VAOfiCTBOHl ocxUBHTb Ha DoneaemH KOJueriSh cenaTa. 9toS h&jh ohi h aocthh*— ysm, noAUHcanHHft Tpesia KaliiraeTi-HHnHCTpain!, noxymn cw.iy hhoh* Horo noeeatHia. TaSsaa EaHnexapia Cbiaa BHAtieHa H3i ofimaro no- paAEa ynpaBAenia Ha ctojt.eo, tto hsi Hea ceHan He uon y*e Tpe- 6oBaTb panopTOBi o noayaeHHuxi iimchhhxi ysasaxi, ksei sto 06a- 3ahh tfu.iH Ataarb Apyria xoaxeriB. ^bhaoci hcthhho KafiiiHeTCBoe yapezACHie— AOHMoaHaa xaHnaiapia, AO-TaeHCTBOBaninaa iiono-iHHTb KasHv, HCTonieHHy® b-mahtoctromi HHOseMneBi. Bi stohi coctob.io AiScTBHTeabHoe BjiaHie Ka6HneraHaBBTTpeHHee ynpaBjeHie. E*y cjhih- K0M1 AOCTaTOTHO 6ua0 HHOCTpaHBbIXl CHOineilifl, B0HH1 , fijeCTantHXl npoexToai, BTofiu yAOBaeTBopnTb cany® sHepraaecEy® .rtnTejbnocTb, canoe 6esrpaHH*iHoe aecTOABtfie. BepniHHa pvccEO# aA«iHHCTpaniH sh- Beri cano® BHimHe® noAHTHiecKo® zhshi®. Poccia a-m Hea toabeo cpeACTBO aah Ao6biBaHia cvMHi, HymHHXi aab Toro, HTo6H'y>iacTBOBaTb b i o6mem xopi sanaAHHxi AepxaBi. 9to neiajbHoe HanpaBaemepisKO Cpocaaocb b i r.ia3a HHOCTpaHuam, 3HaBHiHMi xaBHU KaCaHeia. ,,Hfc.ib pyccxaro Asopa, roBopiTi oahhi hsi hhxi, fipocHTb nu.ib b i r.iasa ') D. C. 8. X16 5911, 6920, 6155, 6176 6299. ') D. 0. 3. M i 6384, 6538.

— 182 — a,iio6 EBponi... ll&ib ABopa jociiirHyTa, ecjra bt EBpont rosopsTi,, hto Poccia <5oraTa\\ CipacTb kt> anur* eBponeiicKHirb atmm, ae- aame KaaaThca eBponeftcBHtra napoaoMB, noaaBaao uoBoai bx caMU*n> ofinaHUMTi cpamiPHiasn.. Poccia aaa hhxt. Bspocautt pefienoKt, Hesaan- miS Ha no ynoTpefiaTB cbob chxu, a noToay noiiajaiomifi bx pyw nepBOMy BCTptlHOMy. „Htnnbi (ecaa mo* ho HaaHaTb tskt. ctiopuie Jam ax, npyccaBOBx, BecTcpaabneBX, ro.imTHHneBX, .inbohHein, a KypxaHaneBB) 6uJH BTKKH UepHblMH BCTptHHHMH: OHH H BOCnOatSOBa- -ihcb pyaaMHh HoraMH aroro uapoaa a ynpaiufliorb ero '). UoHmno, ato KaSHHOTi ae xioSiux saraaaliBaTB BHyTpb crpaHU; ohx aepasaaca h xh.i’b ea noBopxuocTbw. OiHomcHia ceuaTa kx aaCHaery bt> oTHoineniu BayTpeHHaro ynpaaieaia 6ij.ih caopte BaccajuHua, ycra- HOB.iCHiiua cx ataiio noKaaaTb npeHMymecTBO KafiiiHeTa, atm jtficTBH- Te-ihHoe aAMitHHCTpaxHBHOe noAiHHeHie. Ha o6» 3aHHOCTb ceHaTa upH- caaaTb nopeaseBbia b4jomocth bx aafianeTB Tpyj.no CKOTpin. Haaae, kbkx Ha o6uKHOBeHHyn OTDHcay, HenutBuiyio Taaoro cepbeauaro srn- aeHia, kukx, naupHMtpx, oraeTHOCTb Bouerift npejx t4mx xe cenaTOKX. KoHeaHo, Bpeaa bto 6oraTO pesoaDiuHMH KafiHHOTa Ha aoiuaju cenaTa, ho bx OTHOineniaxi bthxx h4tx nuaero CHCTeMaTHaecitaro, bto caopte □pejcTaBJienie jtxa. „KOTOpuxx sattiix ju6o BepmiiTi. He Moano“, Hixx oTHoraeHie \"01008 HHCTanuin ex apvroS—BbicnieS. lischuiaTeabCTBO aa- fiHHeTa bo BHyTpesHee ynpaBjieHie Be miterx HHBaicofl onpejiueraoS CHCT6MBI a). Otb OToro, no TTpamioMy Ha nepBuft B8r.iji.nx npoTHBoptaio, saso- HOjaTe-TBCTBO aaHHMacTcii tbehuh Bonpocaim, KOTopue OKaauBacTca Hs.muinHMHnpuTorjamneft ajMHHHCTpaniH. Hpe3x jBa roja noc.it Toro, Kaat Hry*HHcait tfiux 0TnpaB.ieHx H3X UeTepOypra, HMenso bx 1733r., coctojuch HMeBHofl yBa8x o npoicypopaxx bx apoBHHuiaxx. 3jicb bu- aHCJHBTCH BTHO&mHHOCTHJOBO-IbHOHOJpOf)HO, OHt Ja*e HanOMHHaiOTl. npoaypopoB-b, ocymecTBjieHHHxx BnocjrtjcTBiHaaicoHOjaTe.ibCTBOMi. Eaa- TepBHU. Besji noBTopaeTca o6x hxx HenpcpejCTKeHHijxx OTHOmeHiHix kb renepaxx-npoKypopy, BOTOparo apoitypopx ecTb „oeo“. Bo bchkomx cxyaat bto 6h.io oeo aecymecTBOBaBiuaro rtxa. IIpaBHTexbCTBO, saseTca, caMO co.anaBa.io bto npoTHBoptiie, a, HOTOMy, bx tomx ae jrcast tobo- PHtch o&b ofiasaHHOCTH cexpeTapeS h ofiepB-cetcpeTapea HafixiojaTb 3a npana.ibHocTiio ptoieHiS bt> upucyTCTBCHHuxb MtCTaxi ’). Boo6me bi bto uapcTBOBasie 6o.ite itwb Korja HHlSyjb npajaBa-iH BaaHOCTbBjria- hik) KaHuexapiH. 9to A0Ka3HBaerb n ocoCbhhocth Jno6onbiTHH8 npo- *) D. C. 3. m 6870, 720l', 7262, 7446, 7689 a’ 8027.20 •) n. 0. 3. X 6475.

— 183 — necci, kuh3h KaHTeiupa Ci ero HaiHxoai. HxeEBoS yKa.ii. ue tohbko H3MJI 8to A'luo H.n, B'lijOMCTiia ceHaia npeaje OKOHHaieabHaro pi- nieaia, so noBe-iijii cocTaBHTi ocofiufi Bucinift cyjyi jua ero pfcmeHia. Do oKOHaaBin ji-ia uejtso uirpaiJiOBaTb sa HenpaBH.ii.Hoe pfuneBie aroro A'llja H'llKOTOpUXT. 'IHHOBHHKOBT. CCHOTa H HCTHP'fc-KMjei'iH. SaMiia- Tc.iLHO, bio yna3i He ynowraaerb He toiuep o reHepaji-npoKvpopi, ho xa»e o(5% o(5ep%-npoaypopt, a npHHO Hanaiaeis Ha ceHarcKaro ofiepi-cespeTapa ')• OTcyrciBie bthxi xbjxt, -ihht.joaaauiiaeTCii Tim, no caMoe ynpaBieHie MHae-iapieio ceHaia nopyncHO ofopi.-ceapeTapio ceHaTCKHM% ymoM-i. Qi 7155). Tam OTcyrciBie reHepam-npoKypopoin, He toubo He yHeHbraajo, bo jReJHnnuuo SH&neflie KaHHe.iapiB si rnsaxi canoro saKOiia. Ecjh mosho HasBaib reHepa.ii-npoaypopa 6»po- KpaTHiecBMMi, ojeMeHTOMT. Bb ceiiart, to bo season. cjyaai ohh He Mon. cnoeoficTBOisaTBTaKOHy upeofaajaHiio uaHue-iapcKaro Bana.ia. Oh% TicHo 6imt. cBasaui ci ceHaTCKHMT. npHcyTCTBieu%, Hectohat. Bat ero, Haiti oficpi-ceKpeTapH h cespeTapH, a noroiiy csopie More. hoahhhhtb KaHne.iJipiioBiwaM-j.KO-uerin,Tim.KoaneriioKauiiejapcKHUiHHTepecaMi. •jHMeaie saHHejapin yauraaiocb eme r im oScroaTeabCTBOHi, tto Bi rjaaaxi caHHXi cenaTOpoBi cenaTi aorepaai bchkoo 8Haicnie, h ohh coBepraemio ero noKHnyjH. HejoBOJiLHue rocyjnpcTBeHHum. sna- neiiiem na6nHCTa, ohh cnocoftcTBonajH iiajeHiio ceuraa, iiam. nuciuaro aAUHUHCTpaTHBHaro yipesjenia. Crapue cenaTopu, KaKi kuhsb $MHTpiB MHxa8aoBHHi ro.iHUHHi h npyrie, BOBce ue xoxhhh b%ceHaTi, a rpa4>i l'0.10BKHHi BOBce H6 BUXOJH.li H3i JOMy. Bi BpHCyTCTBie SBJIHJHCB TO.IBKOJBa JIHpa, KpHrCi-BOMMHCCap'B lIoBOCHJbHeBi H CyKHHi, o6bh- HeuHufl bo BsaTOTHHoecTBi bo spesia uepcHACKoi Kouuauin a). Mesjy r im , aaMiiHHcrpaTHBHOicyAcOHUH o6fl3aHHOCTH ceaaia 6am nonce ue AOctoBhh npeHe6peateHia. Oh%nponoaxaHi comBaaTb yipeatieHie, Tii cocpeAOTOHHBa.iHCB Bet TeKyuija aiaa, 3a(5oTH o (SaarococToaHiH Bcero rocyaapCTBa. Ilpana ero, no OTHOmemio Bi nojTHHeiiHUMi yipeaje- HiaMi, 6wm BOBce He MajoiasHH. 3a6oTU o cayaHJOMi cocjobih npo- joaaaioTi cocTaBHHTbojay H3i naasHtitnmx't ofiasaHHoereB ceHaia Ohb nocTOBHHO H3*aeii npaBB.ia o6i oupeAi.ieHiH Hejopocieit Bi jluain, upHKasHHMi, o nopansi ofiyseHia Hire npHKa3HHMi fliaaMi h naysam h o m&noxenm sa nxi ycuiianH h HpaBCTBeiiHOCTi®. Oiii 8a6oTHTca o cocraaieHiH chhcbobi Bi chhoaI , Eoaaeriaxi h Kanuaiapiaxi Bct«i KaHi;eaapcKBHi cayiKHiejain. h pacnpeAiaeBie rojHUSi H3i hhxi i;i AiaaMi. jBOpaHi aanperpeHO 6aao ysojbHaTb H3i bochhoBh mTaiCKoB cays6a hh bt. KasoHi apyroMi M id i KpoMi ceHaia, KOTopuB to.ii.ko ') n. C. 3. te'S 7113 i 7143.

oCiaaaHx 6uax AOHOcHTb bx Kafimien, Kaasua iitcaui o6x oTcraBneH- Htix'b ott. ciysfiu. Buy uo^ihbhjh BbiOopx KMWuaTOBt Ha rySepna- TopcKia sdic-ra. 3artmx, Boo6me 3anpemeH0 6aao nocajaxt (xfmuepoin. i f ABOpirai ex jt-iaMx, <Se3x oupejtieHia ceHaTa *). jlHHieHHHfl reHe« pajTB-npoKypopa h nojpiHHeBHofi e«y CHcremi hhhobhheobx, onx ppx- xeut 6bi.it cam. HadnoAaTL sa HcuojBeBieMS cbohxx ysa30Bi, h o6h- aaHHOCTi. »Ta 6ujia BoaioateHa Ha otiepx-ceEpeTapefi. Tobho rasae aa- hI tdo fibuo h OTcyTciBie peaeTHeScTepa, BCxfcuCTBie aero nopajoax ey- SfiCBaxt HHCTanpifl CesupepiiBHO HapymaJCH, htoh busubjo ceHaicsifl ysasx o uopyaema iipieManponradl ofiepx-ceEpeTapaiix ’). Tanoe journo- »eHie EpynHuxx jhtouxx jojitHOCTeS hm&io cbobitb HeHHHyeMUMX nocaiACTBiesrb to, too babcix h 3BaieHie, pacnpejlueHHUa npeaie neatly huofhmu Jin a n , Tenepb cocpojoTOiHBajHcb noCTeneHHObx py- KaxTi itanpcjinpin h busidhuio EpacHopfruiBua KapniHH HHOCTpaHpeBx o uoAsyneocTH u niaTBOcra namefi ainaHHcrpaniH. ifaieHie rfcMx 6ojrfce neBajrbHoe, n o HOTpe6HocrH yiipaBjeHia nor;in 6u rt yxoBjeTBopeHH xoabKO rfeM'b se ceHatomb, l i n t 6orte xa6uneTt yiueicaeTca BHf,m- BHMH OTHOBICH1BMH, HHTpHrEHH ABCTpiScsarO JBOpa, HeCTO,JB36ieMX rep- pora KypaHBACKaro, saBoeBaTejxHoio hojhthkoB, boohhqmb ManeBpan, riiM'b Cox-fee rpaKAaHCKoe ynpasjeme ciesaeTca Bt conan. u Ko.ueria. Ko.i.ieriH nojyqHjH npaBO niTpacponaTb ryfepHaiopoBX, se AOKjaiNBaa cesaTy, 3a HeHcnoiHeHie nut yKasoBx. Mo»erx bto npaBO h othochtch kt, yHHweHin cenaTa h joKasunaon. fio.ibinyio CBofiojy EOjjeriS, ho seab3a csasaTb, ito6h aojueriH ynuH otx onesn ceHaTa. UoJHoe Co- 6pame SaROHOBx HanqjieHo ceBaTctcmra ysasaMB, coctohbwhmhch bx pasptineHie jOHomenifl KOJueriB. C iem a aaCTb upoAO.iHiaeTx 6uTb raporoio, aacKoibKObtosaBHCHix o n cenaTa. E po yaasu nojTBepxiaion,, to0(5h uct iipHcyTCTBenHHfl vicTa npHctuajH bx cpoix otiotli bx pe- BHaioHx-EOJueriD; Hsxaiie He xluaeTca jaa>e ajh BoeHHoS Kojr.ieriH. tfl saKofl cTeneHH Ko.ueria upHBuiUH HcnpamHaaTb 060 Beaut paapimeHia ceHaTa, bhaho hsx cenaiCKaro yiasa-o HeitcnpamHBaHiH otx cenaTa pas- pimeBia no ife-iaiix, Ha kotopuh ecTb tobhh6 yxaau, cx Burosopoiix sa bto KOMMepnx-Ko.ueriH. CeHaTx saftorHica o tomx, hto6u ojaa kox- jeria He napymaja npaBX jpyrofi; tbkx, HanpHirtpx, ohx npBKa3aJx aiMHpaaTeHcBOH KO.ucriii He AonycEaTb hoaphjmhkobx ex TOpraiix, 6e3x CHomeHiH cx somepiix-EOjjeriei), npa leax ajMMpaJireltcTBO nojyqH.io CTporiS BuroBopx, cx sanpocoMxo npHBHoi TasoS neacupaBHOCTH. Ohx ae HSAae-rx y m a BooCrne o cnomeHia Beaay cofiow pas.iHMHUxx koa- ') IL C. 8. XX 7201, 7248, 7410, 7726, 8048, 8195, 8219 a ». j. ') D. C. 8. A t 7342 ■ 7856.

— 185— jeriB h Kamiejapifi '). IIo BaxHHKB BoiipocaMB BHjTpeHHaro ynpa&ie- uia, npauHTOjii>CTBO oOhkhobobho ofipamacrca kb canary. Bb 1738 r. KOiieria 8KOBOM1H, Bijamnaa MonacTupcsia HHymeeTBa, 6u.ia coejH- HeHa cb jbopuobhmb h saseHBUHB npHKaaoin. co BciMH cnHoja.ii.HuaH BOTiHnaMH h OTjaaa bb nojaoe pacnopaxeme ceHaTa, noHexe bb hbB cocToaTB c6opu h DKOHOHHHOCEia j ij a , nojaesamia kb niji,HiH> ce- aeaia h npBKasuBajB npHCuaaTh H3B BctaB cyjefiHUxB HicTB Hseicrie o sarpyjneniaxB bb jijaxB , ho ncnatniio toihuxb yaasoBB. He ojhhhh BaaHHMH uoripocasiH 3aBHaaaca ceaaTB; ero 3a6oTJHBOcxi. npocTHpaerca Ha aeaKia nojpofinoc™ npoBHHnia.n,Haro yiipaaieHia h o6mia hojh- ueacKia Mipu. Ohb sadoTEica o6b HCKopeneniH HHmcncm, o upcjy- upexjcHiH noxapoiia a npecxijoBaaiH nojaaraTeaeS: nocuaaiB OTCTas- HHXB 0<)lHHep0BB HJIH BUfiOpHUXB 0TB JBOpiIHB JJ] CBHjiTejbCTBOBaHk CtlOpOBB, aafioTHJCH 0 HepenHCH CTpijeUKHXB HCJOtiOJCKHXB BeaeJB, 0 nopajai auucaaiiiH Ha aenpaBua pimeuia ropojoBUXB a npoBHHiiiajB- HUXB BoenojB H f . i l H8b Broro moxho BHjiiTt, hu ckojibko KaCwHeTB ycniji. cjiaaibca BucmeB HHCTaainel bb aameaB ynpaBjeHiH. HfciB cOHirimiH, mo ohb BHecB qpeBBuqafiHyn BaiiyramocTb bb ajmiHHeTpatiiio h .thiiihjib jo HantcTHoH cxeneHH cboCoju jtiicTBiH yqpexjeiiie, Ha kotopoc Bci HBjaBHa npHBUK-IH CMOTpiTB, KHKB Ha HOCjfejHBlO BUCmyX) HHCTaHllilO npcjB rocyxapeHB.'Ho, ycTpoennu# j j h BpenemuxB, CBoesopucTnuxB HixeB^ ohb He yctrliB ctstb npoiHon h hoctohhhoio HHCTaHpiefi, He- npepuBHO-jiaTexbHUHB ajHHHHcrpaTHBHUHB yqpexjeHieuB. 3a cera- tomb 6hjh ycTOfneoCTb, aenpepuBHOCfb opraHHaaniH, KOTopofi He HHiaB BafiHHeTB. Bo bcbkohb cjyqai, HCtopia ceHaTa npn A m i Hea- HOBHi joKaaaxa, n o .iniHoe ynpaBaeHie, nocai IleTpa I, He aorjo yxe BUjepxaTb jiBcTBHTe.ii.HOfi KOHRypeHjiH cb Ko.ueriajbHHXH yqpe- KjCHiaMH yxe noroHy, ito ciriineHie BjacTefi, rocnojCTBoaaBiHe© bb Torjanmefi ajMHHHCTpaniH, jix a jo caMO saKOHOjaiejBCTBO fiaaroctioH- humb kb TOfi ijjopMi yupaBjeHia, r j i ciriineHie oto norao iroBec™ kb HaHMeHbnrHHB 3JoynoTpe6.ieHinnB. Kb KOHay aapcTBOBania Ahhh Hh/uiubhu saMiTHo, mo ceHaxB, BOTepaBmifl onaiaja Bcaxifi iipejan,, chobs nojuvaeTca h nojuHaeTca W tjkoB CTeueiiH, n o npaBHieabCTBO npHHyxjeHO CHOBa oOcTasjaTb ero riMH yqpexjemaMH, KOTopua OBpyx&iH ero bo Bpesia ero Mory- ljecTBa. Bb 1738 r., aaiaeTca yxe bb cenaTi o6epB-npoBypopB, na KOToparo BOBJOxeHO ynpazueme KaHjejapieB h HafiimjeHie aa nojra- ') n. 0. a X X 7240, 7489, 7478, 7486, juiaEoenBoSsoueriaX 7605, m« naan. lOBifiBciianiB7639, aa Tin 7899, 7624.

— 186 — ueHHUMH euj npoKypopaMH, sa iiopajKOMt m, Kojuoriaxx n ccaart. HaKoueu'fc, Bb 1740 r. DpauHT&iLCTBO cohao HyxHUui oapextAHTi, m. ceaaTy reHepajb-npoKypopa, t.-c. B03CTaHOBHTbtv aoxhehoctb, EOTopvx> TmaTejbHO yBBTToaajiB yipeiEAeHia, AyMamnia CTaTb Ha ero irtcTO— 11003 11 0KafiHncTit h aepxoBHufl coB&rb. Hecaorpa Ha to, bto hoblih reHepaji- npoKypopb 6un leiOBis* A pHTe. .n ft penyra«iH h h i TOMy me ojna H3T. EpeaTypi. RaOuHCTa *), OAaaico TOTHacb 3anf.HaeTcn 3naiH- Te.ibHoe yeezmeaie aiianin ceHaTa. Bb ceHan, aoashh 6hah upacu- aaTbCH SC'S BMeHBHe yE83U, EaEb HeBOCpejCTBCHHO HCXOAHBHliC OTb auaepaTpupu, TaKb x H3b BaOBHexa Bcixb KO.i.ierinMx, Kanpeja- piflxb, KOHTopaHb, KOMMiicciaMb Oujo upeAHHcano uoAftBaTbAOHomeKiH Bb ceHaib o TaKnxb Afcjaxx, KOTopuxx obb caxn pimaTb He noryix, Cb HpouBcaHiexb cbohxx MniHiS. Hoc-ifanift VKa.ix ocoCohho jio6odh- TeHb: H3b nero mobho BHAtTb Boofime Becb nopHAotib CHomeHia koji- -lerift cb ceBaTOMb. IIopajOKT. stotx Bb oSihhxx HepTaxx caiAyiomift. Bb cayiai EaEOro-.m6o Baatuaro A^Aa, KOToparo pimHTb Bb Koa.ieriH h KaHueaapiH HeBosxoatHO, npe3HjeHTU aoaikhu 6u.ni BexfeiBcocTasHTb BblBHCKHH3b At.ia H Cb HBXB UpilXOAHTl, JH1R0 Bb CeBaTb SbAOEASAy. HcKA»<ieuie cjiaaHO toabbo a m npe3HAea'roBb HHocTpannoft h inyxx BOHHCExxb KOMeria, ho b ohh o6a3aHH Cu.ih npHxoAHTb jua o6maro coBfiiHaniir cb ceHaTOMb, Bb cayiai EaKHXb-HBdvAb oco6eHHO Baaauxb A'hJb. Cb otod Hiaic, Kaajoa hsx Eo.ueriS fiu.m HasHaveHu ahb, sorAa BejfcHO BHb npaxoAHTi. cb AOB-iajaaH Bb diHaTX. Hsb pacitpc- AixeHia btoto xoatHo BHAfeb, hto AiaonpoB3BOACTBO Bctxb EOJjerift BaaaAO CHOBa aaxoABTb Bb ceHarfi CBoe sucinee eocpeAOTOBie. Haia- Haa cb noHeAiAbHHKa, BBAalHCb nooiepeAno Bb ceHaTb aobahah H3b BOeHHOft, aAKHpaATeftcKoft EOJAerifi, OTb itaHiiexJipiH MiapjiH no.iKOBx, KaAerCKaro Eopnyca, ABOpHOBOft kohtoph, aKaAcaia aayEb, EaHnejapiH 0 CTpoeHiHXb, HHCKOft, EOHlJlHCKaHiH, AOHHOHHUXb H CjiACTBeHHHXb KOHHHccift, peBHsioHb- a Kanepb-EOAierift h craTCb-EOHTopbi, asb caeT- HHXb EOMMHCcift, H3b EOAAerift HHOCTpaHHOft. XlCTHHb, KOUBepUb—C.IO- Boxb Bci yapeaAema ofipamasiTCa cbab aa paap+.incHieMb B03HBKaio- maxb HeAopasyMiBift. KoxieriH o6nsaHH Ha6x*>AaTb 3a HcnoAHemexx AaHHHXb HHb OTb ceaaTa .yKaaoBb a, Bb cayiai HeHcno-iHeHia Hxx k1imx-.ih6o, o6a3aHH panopTOBaTb reHepajb-nposypopy. KpoMi Toro ce- BaicEift ysaab saiiiiaeTb, hto laero cxyaaeica, hto „o6b BCiipaBxeHtH ’) „J>ecTy*en ra srors oponesyioii Bpe«e«n 6ai» cmwbt. mi nuroii z jpya6a ci rCHepaii-DpoKypopinn, TpyCemrai, o Koiopoax a Heiaeuo cooGman aaai, vto ohi usb* coriTsnsoifi rp. rojoBKHHa. He.MBacnao on ptoto nocjijHiS lUerapxa, crp. 872. ^ cryaeBam > jaae Wi o maaa eay . apian. ’) H. 0. 3. XX 7658, 7488, 7621, 78165, 8109.

— 187 — pasnuxt if,.11, nOcimeTca H3b conara iioaTBepjHTejbRiiXb yKasoBi no 4, 6 a rtoiune, » no ohumt, jiBcTBHTe.ii>Haro ncnoaneHiH ne hhhhtl, Haitact ga to, oto toalko yBa3ami noiTBepsjaeTca, a sa neHcno.iHe- nie no ofiumi, ne nrrpaijiyDTL n opeat to ul c.iartocTb to.ileo npaxo- xan;roro pajia Hnpeib noi,TBepiHTe.ibB)jxb ynasoBi., Bpoai iiaCTOaiaaro fiorle SByxt ne nocwan,, n Koran no TpexaeMy bl ynasnufi cpoKL Hcupaaieno He rtyxeTi, o toml ne ynycuaji 3a cpokoml hh najaro Bpe*eHHnpeaciaB-HTbnpaiiHTe.iLCTiiyiomeMycenaTy am yiBucHia nrrpa- «l>OBbno yKasaiTL” (II. C. 3- J* 8219). Boortme bl nocjiiiiee Bpenn uupcrBOiianiji Aunu HnanocHH aa«t- faerca kokoc to ocotfeHHoe XBaateHie b l bhcdihxl cc|jepaxL ynpaBiie- Hia. Kartmien, karl Cvato cximaeTCH cl ccnaTOin, in, oaho H&ioe h nepiojb Bpe«eHH l738— 1740 r. HHofiH.iyeTL, Taxi, ua3uuaeMunn, o6ihhmh pascyaxemaHH KartHiiexa cl ccnaTOML. 9tb HOBaa i(iopHa aoBasuBaen, OBOBHiiioe cft.iHiKenie jByx i, ynpeatAeHia. Hnorja bth ortuiia paacyawe- Hia cocToa.ra bl ortirmpHOML h iofipocoaierao cocTaBjeaHOML MeMyapi ceBaTa, cl kopotkob peso-wniefi KaCmeTa, HHOi'ia »e m itniii AByxb yipeameHiB B'b coBonynhocth npeaCTaaaaJlHCi aa Buconaftmee ycHOTpi- Hie. KaaieTea, hto bl 3to Bpeaa AiarexbHOCTb Ka6nHOTa yate nepe- CTaja BHyuiatb ki>corti xotriipie HMuepaTpnnu, a Bonpocb o perem-cmi a ApTcMin Bojiuhckohl uoKO.ierta.iL H rcpuoia iiHpona. Bo bchkoml c.iyoai, Ha ceHan, cra.iH ofipamaTL rtoxLinee mnmaHie, aim , npeasie. Cxa.ra jaase xojottl cayTHue c,iyxn o jocraB-ieuia ceHaiy upexBaro rt.iecsa, iipnieMb iipeiiioiaraioci, cocTaBHTb ero hsl jhul, npHHai-ie- atamax'L kl .lyanmaL 4>ainuiaMb PocciH, cl kotopumh Haaajo yse cfiiHataTbca npamiTe-ibCTBO. HHOCTpaueni, suBmia bl »to BpeMa bl PocciH, saMi'iaeTL, tto ecjn upoeBTL btotl xopomL b l tohl OTHome- ain, n o HcnoaHenieHL ero nacTosmee npaBHTe.ibCTBO Haiierca npiort- piCTL ce6i MorymecTBeuHuxL npHuepxeniieBL, to ohl ne coBepmeaHO yjorteHL no Tony coortpaateHiio, ato Toraa HeortxojHao, aTortu'xartH- HeTB, o il KOToparoHCxoiHxo Bee, MniH.iL certs B-iacTH, KOTopaa uepefl- jtfiTbkl cenaTy, abtoBectxacoMHHTGXbHO np«sxacTOxiortiH OcTepMana1). Haiaamee iioryinecTBO Kartanera .loisao rtmo BCTpf.THTb noi- iep»Ky bl hobo ml accTOiiortin— n'L qecToxxirtiH MniiHxa. 8totl rocy- iapcTueHHufi nesosikl jaBHO yate ycniiL MUi'kiHTi.cn cl bochhuhl BiiOHCTBOHL H3L OrtlHCfi MaCCH ¥HpaB.I6Hia. Tenepb, nocxi HHSBepae- Hia BnpoHa, ohl piniHxcH jaTb Ka6HHery uonys) cany a jaate bos- BecTH ero asBicTHon opraansaaiefi hs CTeneHb 3aK0HHofi HHCTaHipa ’) Maparji ffleiapM, crp. 289 ’) 0 MaBBXh aam iCMirtBt, cp. iraorie ioxn BumilHroiui Mara3BBa n iiBCina Jem Pohao, ocorteoHObhcbro XXII.

Bo nepsuxB, ora nepnuft h nocjf.anift ynoipe6H.iB nasBaiiie, soropoe de fecto npHHaA.ie*aao reHepajB-npoKvpopy, ho de jure He 6uao npH- CBOOHO DHKOMV H8B rOCyAapCTBBHHHXB CaHOBHRKOBB,- HSfeHHO ora BBera jojjshocti. nepBaro MRHHCTpa h caMB ee 3aHaJ-b. 9to SHa'iHM yxe upavo nepeHOCHTb ueHTpi. aAHHHHCTpaumbb k&(5hhotb h, Birticri cb t4hb, AaBaTb nepeBicB jHinoMy Haiaay hhab bcSmb ROX-ieriaAL- hhmt, ynpao.ieuieMt. Ca«ufi KaonHerb, bb bhahxb btoh hoboS opraHH- sauiu, nojymiB HOBoe ycipoflcTBO. Ohb pa.'ijtjom, Ha TpH APJiapTa- MCHTa. IIcpBuS nasiiaia-ica aah a^ub bochhuxb h HaxoAH-ica‘ bb sa- R+,,i.up,aniH (fejbAMapuia,ia MHuaxa, KOTopnfi aoasohb Su.ib panopro- bbtb repnory HpaynmneftrcKOMy. Bo BTopoxB, OcrepxaHB 3aB'iAHBaj!B, bb KauecTB* reuepaaB-aAMiipaaa h KaHu.iepa, HHocTpaHHUXH CHome- HiaHH h .ffcaaMH no (juoTy. Bb nocatAneMB, iciifwi, HcpKaccBi* h rpaiJiB Toaobrhhb Btjaxa BHyTpeHHia a to . 3aH«Tia bb KafimieTt, no.iym.iH doabrae upaBiuBHOCTH, CHCTeuu, a caxua naCaneTB 6ojhiue chah. Bb opraHHsaniH arofi BbicKasaaca buojiH; B3naAB MHHHxa na npodiuB, OTAtaaBinifi ceHara otb aepxouHofi mracTH, o kotopohb ohb Tara nacTO ynoHHHaeTB bb CBoeft KUHrt; aynnHXS cpeACTBOMBnonoaHHTbnpofitra Cu.io, no ere XHtuin, othmtb y ceHaTa aacTi, bjecth h nopyHHTi ee noBoxy ynpe*AeHiu. Ilo ero MHtBito (id. exp.. 151—152) Ka6HHeTB npeEpacHO hchoahhab. »to na3Haaeme, a noToxy sacAyatHBara hoboI oprauHsaitin, KOTopaa apHAaaa fiu exy 66.itmee sHaneHie. B hobb o6pa30BaHHuft KafiniieTB, boab pyKOBOACTBOUB BHepravecxaro (pejf.AMapnia.ia, Hano.inH.iB rocyAapcTBO H npHcyrcTBennua xiraa cbo- hmh vEasaxH, HHOrAa nepexoAaniHXH bb peraaueHTaTopcKyn AiaTen- hoctb; p^aeo, bb TeieaiH Bcero ynpanxcHia Ahhh JleonOAfcAOBHH, mojkho BCTpfeTHTB ceHaTCEiB yKasB— Bee 3aHaT0 pacnopameniaxH e86h- Hera. <fe.ibAxapnia.ty neAoexaTOHHO 6euo BHAixHTb BoeHHOe b* aomctbo hbb o6me# aAXHBHCTpaTHBHoft apepu. Exy hbao 6u.to nocTaBHTb bCe> ajMHHHCTpamB Ha BoeHHyD Hory. Kara eyAefinaa HHcraHiua, ceH&TB <5hab bb Bucmeft cTeneHH HeyaobjbtBopeHB. yHHxeHHbrii Kara rocy- AapcTBeHHoe ycranoBjenie—ohb He npHBACKajB kb ce6i ceHaTopora, KOTopue, ehkb xu bhaIuih, noHTH ero He noctmajH. HesaBucHXo otb Toro, canoe KOjraaecTBO cesaTopoBB Chao HOBeaHKO, Tara vco yaasH Ahhu HBaHOBHH AOBOAbHO aacTo yuoMHHafOTB o xaaojiOAeTBi cenaia. He yAHBHTejbHO, ecm nejoCHTHHEOBu A*aa Tepnijn BHaTOTeAbHy® npoBOAOHKy bb TeaeHiH MHorHXB j4tb. Me*!Ay t Pxb, BSraaxB upaBH- TejbciBa Bee CoAte h Oo.rfee ycTanan.raBajc« Ha tomb ydfoBAOHiH, no ceHaTB ecra npennymecTBeHiio cyAeftaoe ycTaHoateme, KOToparo raas- naa 3a6oTa—npaBOCVAie. HacBOJbtconoAoCmua B3raaAB cooTBiTCTBOBara nepBOHanaabHUXB bbaamb ocHOBaTeaa cenaTa, oto Apyroft BonpocB, ho BtpHO TO, 1T0 yqpe*AeHia, pacxHmaBmia ero BjacTb, noJbSonaAHCb

— 189 — 3toio cAadoi) cTopoHOfi cenaTa, qtodu eme 5o,itme ynitsHTb ero 3Ha- qeaie. Oahob) hst. nepauxB sadOTB noBaro npaBHTaiacTRa Cuao vcra- BOBieaie aoBaro peaeTMeflcTepa npn BucoqaflmeMB ABopi, aoiopufi AOAsceHB du.it. upHHHuaTb BpomeHia, noAasaejiua Ha hum rocjviapa a nopeAaBaTB Hxb no easaaqoHiio bb Ko.iaeriH, ceaarb hah rocriapai. BcaIiab sa rtirt aocAfcAOBHAB noBuft ysasb, r j i pasptmeHO nojaBaTb STOiiy peaeriieflcTepy aaiodu Ha BOAAeria h ceHaTB o HecaopoHB pir DiBHiH A'fe-H'B- Becb yaasb npoHHKHVT-b nerojOBaHiOMt aa hcajchhoctl ceHara, Bbipawaerb raydoKoo apoapliHie kb ero saaneHii). Cyaa ho saraaBiio vaasa, hosho du uoayMaTb, bto ptib niei-L o ataAodaxB TOAbEO Ha HecKopoe pfcnrenie, aa MejaeBBOCTb a BOAOKHTy, T.-e. o jta- AodaxB, nojaBaniitHxca bb aAKHHHCTpaTBBBOMb aopaAK'6 ao noc-it.A- bhxb peifiopMB cyAa. Ecjb du bto 6uao toabbo tbkb, to apajrtpB dujB da He nepsug, h He nocjfcAHiS. Ilpa cbmohb IlerpE I, ciporo uacusiAaBineMB sa HcaojHCHiCHB yaasoBB, diMO paspkmeHO peseTMefi- ciepy AOK-iaAUBaTb rocyjapc no rim, HejodHTTHBOBbiHB xbx&m, no BOTopuHB bb ceHarti aoato He bijxoahjo pJineHia. 8th h iiocjtAVK)- inie npHxf.pu AoaaauBajH TOAbao HeycipoScTBO cyAedHofi qaCTH, ne- pesicB aAHHHHCTpaTHBHaro iiopajaa HaAB cyAedauMB. Ho bb yiia3t 27 noadpa 1740 r. piibHAeTB He o apocioMB nOHysACHiacyAedHHXB irtoTB eb caoptflnieHy Houo.ineHiio o5ji3anaocTe«; npaBHTe.ibHK«a odi- maerB, bto noAaHBHa eg npocbdu dyAyrb eio caMoa> HexeA-ienno pascHOTpiHH a ptmemj; „a rfe KOAjeriH, aaHKexapiH u canuft ceiiaTB, aoTopue TaaHXB qejodHTiHKOBB bb yaa3Hne cpoaaae yAOBOAbCTBOBajH, BBtiOTB duTb no pa3caoTpiHin aa aepaA'guie b BojoKHTy urrpai(>oBonu, A*6h TaaoBOK) namew BucoqaSiaeio mbaoctuoa seaaaieHB caopitgmaro npaBOCyAia BCi aanm BtpHue noAAaHHHe noAbsOBaTbca h otb imara- HHSB BOJOKHTBB ydUTEOBBH3daBjeHHdbITbHOrAH; OliAOBaTeAbHO, aaKB OBoay cenaTy, totb a bc&mb apoanuBAenapTaMOHTatiB, Bsnpaa Ha tb- koboh naniB codcTBeaao aa ceda HocupHHHMaeMufi TpyAB-aoaxho o BctxB aeAodBTBHaaxB Taaoe apHAeataoe noneqeHie HHtTb“. Pint, noeTOMy, hactb o BOcaOAHeHia HejocTaionHoH A^areAbaocTa EOAAerii, ceHaxa a ApyraxB AeaapraiieHTOBB no cyjeduog tscth, ahshoe a4k- TeABHOcriio MOHapxa hjh npaBHTejbBHnH,—apeAnpiaTie, bb kotopomb npoi’AaAbiBaeTB Boeanaa caMoyBipeHHOCTb MaHHxa, bo aoropoe bpbab ah Morjo nojyiHTb ocymeciBACHie. ,1'igcTBHTexbHO, bb cjf>Ayiou[eaB yae roAy aoa* hoctb peaeTMeficiepa apa BucoiagmeMB ABopi duxa ynpa3AHeHa; bb tohb ate rOAy npaagTeAbCTBO odpaTHAocb kb do.rte npaKTHaecaofi Mipi, aueaHO bb ynpeacjeHiio apa ceHart ocodeuaoS aoHMiicin a-m pimeHia HeoaoH'ieHHHXB At.n *). liMtcrt cb o. thhb ') II. C. 3. 8326, 8288, 8298, 8845 tt 8294.

— 190 — cenaiy CTporo npwiasaHO nojasaTt esenejtjbHue panopru bx aafiH- Hen. o pimeHHHxt iiJa x x , naiix hi caMOMx ceHarfe, Taw h bx hoa- thhchhhxx euy Koxieriaxx h KaiiHexapiaxx. Tania jkc b'Iijomocth AOAsho 6hjo noxaaaTB cenaTy o npaxoit, pacxort a ociaTxaxx ro- cyiapcTBeuHUXi cvsimx '). IixicT-6 cx sthmi, bt, TOTeniH Bja^uiecTBa saOaHeTa, upoAtuxaeTca pas.Tiincnie bIiaomctbx noeHHaro n rpasAaucRaro; yape*jeHHue ipH HMnopaTpnufe Am i MEaHOBiit, Ka,TeTCKie xopnyca pa3jfciHJH hxx bt. OTHomeniu casioro o6pa30BaHia, npicievT. nepefitcx Koneano Cu.cx Ha CTopoui BoeHHaro BixoacTBa, Taitx nasi ofipaaoBanie, noxyteHHoe bt, KaxeTCKOMT, Bopnyci, bo bcskoht, cayaa'i, OTapuBaao jBopnDCBOil mo- aoseata forte imipoaoe h aasiamHBoe nonpHme, liai. uiroau Hejopo- 6unonoaoS npa ceaaTt,. Iloc-ibjHia no,it, KOHeqx eoBepiuejiHO ynaaa, iaKX KaEX He Olijo cHABHaro pyEOBOAHTe-w, aoTopuS cx ycnixom Bee™ h HaapaiuaTi, a1>-io, kbkx bto npesse A&iax'b reHepa-ii-npOKy- popx. IlaaoHenB BoeHHOH Eoaxeria, bt, ipothbhoctb npeacHHMx yaa- saMx, npeACCTaB-ieno npaBO casroR yBOJBBinx ABopunx otx bochhoR c.iyjcfiu uo Biicjyrt rtn,, no npHTiHi 6o.rt3nii , i jafia ouaxercaie jomu bt, okohohih He ynaAara“ (H. C. 3. It 8331). JJrAHAUBaaCB bt, o6mee 3HaieHie araxx AByxx hoiihtokx saxtarn, AOajkhoctb reuepajrb-npOEvpopoB'b slmTex&HOCTiK) ocoduxx yipeatjeHifl, ctoiiihhxx BHt ceaaTa, neitaa ne saxiTHTB, tto ohh VBeAHTBBa.iB3Ha- THTejbHO aaccy 3ja, rocnojcTBoBaBiuaro bt, aflMHHHCTpauiH, He ycrpa- HHH HH OJHOro H3X 6* HOAOCTaTKOBX, Bet npcAHaiepTaHia IleTpa: CTporoe pairpaHHaesie b'Iaomctbx, bosmomo 6o.ii,race ofixeAHHenie aAMHHHCTpania, npaBWBHOCTb aassopa, caHO co6ox> pasyMieica He no- .ijth.th ocymecTB-ieBiH. BlisoMCTna, bmIcto paarpaHH'ieHifl, cxiinHBa- -thcb Ha KasioBT, mary, coeAHBaack h oom, paaxeAHHjineb6eax onpe- A't.ienHofl cHciexu. HtsoTopun BtAOHCTBa, Hanp., ijiHHaHCOBoe h cyie6- Hoe, hoahhhhahcb o6xeAHHaiomeft babcth cenaTa, APyria, HanpomBX, CTpeHHAHCB EX HBHOMV OTAt-ieHiS) H AaS6 TOCUOACTBy HHAX APVTHMH. HaABopa He tojbko He 6uao, ho Aase caMaa bo3mobthoctl ero yTpam- jacB cx OTHtnoio ahhx, ocymecTBJHBinHxx ero npa npeamexx ycrpofi- CTBi ceHaTa. Ilaaoueux He toaxko o6tiKH0BeHHuR noAAaHHH#, hojaxe OOUTHHfl HHHOBHHKX H6 HOrX OnpeA^AHTB, TAt HaXOAHTCH HOCjltlHHH HHCTanuia ynpaBAeHia. Cx oahoS CToponu aaBoira, onpeA-fe.iauciie ce- H8TX K3RX DOCX&AH10IOHHCTaHpifi) HCIpOTO BOCDpe0(3111010 HpHHODieHie aajofix caaoxy rocyAapio, He 6um OTxtHeHHh aacTO HOATBepatAaiHCb ceHaTOMx; cx ApyroS, BucTynaeix cyAe6Hoe SHaienie Ka6HneTa, Kyxa npHHocjiTca Kaxofiii He tojbko Ha MeA-ieHROcrB, ho Aaate na nenpacoTy *)n. c. 3. it

— 191 — pimenifl. 4>Hiiancoauft KOHTpoxb to cocpeAoroiHBaeTCH be cenarii, to aepcsoiHTE be peBusioHE-Eoxierin, noATHHeHEyc BcnocpcACTiicnHu «cp- xobhouv TaflHOMy coBfrry, to CHOBa o6pamaeica be cenai-E, ofiH.iaunuii paUOpTOBaTb BE KadHBOTE. IIoaoChnb arbmenijr a iiepeirhHu HCEynajHCh Ch ao H'fckoto putt CTeneHH, ecjH 6a be aAVHHHCTpauiiO Sana bbbacho hIickoaeko (ioxbnie fifJCTpOTH, 0 KOTOpoS TOBOpHAH yqpeAHTCAH ABYXEKafiHHeTOBE. Ho HajO AH OTEpUBATb BCt rpyCTHUfl CTpaHHQU TOiyianiHcB HCTOpiH, MTOOIJ y6t- AHTbCH, TTOEH OAHOH3E 3THXE llHttmUXE o6t®aHifl He 6U20 HCBOA- hcbo, h bch HOBaa nauiuna cayaiua hmohuo Tovy, hpothbe aero 6o- pojca BejuEift iipeodpasoBaraifc—CBoeEbpuoTiiu u apon380jy? I tocxi- AaAO sto ynpaBABHiece Poccieio, .'laBtmaiiHOio eay HerpoME? Bote tto rOBOpHTE OAHHE H3E HHOCTpaBHGBE 0 COCTOaBlH pyCCEHXE <J>HBaHCOBE, BTOa, BO BHAHHOHy, TjaBHOfi SaCoTU HpaBHTejbCTBa, IKHBlIiarO AJH +H- naHcoBE. „UeTpE, nccHorpa aa cboh boBbu, yimpaa octobhae eme snaiHTCAtnus Cymru, xocTaTOTHiia fju. obouibbw saxyMaHHHXE h*e iipexnoAoaceHifl. Kaserca nocxixtii* Tpa ynpaB.ienia ynoTpefiAHAH BCf. ycHjia, mtoOij viiHuoatHTL xaate caIiaei ocHOBanmjxE UerpoiiE yrpe- aiienia. MopCKiHceauconepmenno yiiHTroraeuu,uanyipaBTypube vnaAKt, EpeAHTE HOTpaceHBua, itatHa HCTomenuair, boteA0Ka3aTeALCTBa mohxe caobe. IIpaBAa, Poccia seaa BcerAa boBhn co spejieHH IleTpa. ho He BOtBa HC.ToiiiHAa rocyAapcTBO;oho hctoihcho pocKOiUbio, AypHUHE ynpa- BAeHieME HHIlHCTpOBE, HepeBOAOME 8a rpaHHHy CVMME—HaKOHepE 6e3- naoAHaa pacnymeHHOCTE, Tmee.iaBie h cyeTHOcib pa33opa>0TE rocyxap- ctbo“. TasoBE 6hae KOHeuE boahtrkh reHepaAE-aAMHpaAa OcTepMaHa, (JicjitAMapinaja Manuxa, a BRt.cTi h B-iaiuiecTBa EaCmieTa. TaKoBa 6uaa cBja yipesAeniB 3aBimannuxb PocciR Il0Tpo*E r BEE npaKTHTHOCTE, BE CMUC.lf, 0(>BeXHHemjT KCTHHHO-HaniOHa.TI.HHXE CHAE. ^Bli peBOAIOuiOHBUa, TaKE CEasaTE, nOITUTEH He HOr.IH HXE B0- KO.ie6aTL, H OHB BSAH *epTB0D CO(5CTBeHHarO SeSCH.lifl. Hoc-Tt CNepTH Hpeo6pasoBaTeAa, Poccia EpyTO fipocH.iacb CHaTaxa ee fioapcitony aa- aaay, be eotopome uenu cosiTa bha&xh HCTHHHO-pycCKoe npeAaHie, a BOTOME KafiHHeTE-MHHHCTpH H BapOHE BepeBIAH BE Apyryw KpaflHOCTb, Ayaaa npoAOAataTb a*ao Ileipa, npeAOCTaBAaa bcB bhtoah HH03eimanE. H i t a ipyraa nontiTKa 6am nouepsaHa boohduee aaeHeBTOME, Ha- quiiaBBTHME yate npiofipf.TaTb npeofi.iaAaiomee 3naii>nie. Ho rc bthmh KpaflnocTaMH MoatHO 6ujo npoAOAsaTb xbso Heipa. HeyAaBmicca 3a- XBaTEj BepxoBHaro TaBnaro coBiTa h EaCaneTa npHBeAH, HaKoneuE, ee BoscTanoBAeHii) ero yqpe*AeHi#.

BQ3CTAH0BJIEHIE CEHATA H rEHEPAJE'B-ffiPOEyPOPOB'B W PE&OPMT. EEATEPHHH I I . B x ojHOfl H.iii nowrtjHHXi cbohxx CTaiefi, nattix Ta.taHT.iHBUfi lopHCT'B-iicTopiiKx, r. EaBeJiHHX, saxinen, tto cx BOuapeuieMi Eaa- caBeTU lleTpoBHH HatHHaerca iceweaHaa ydusb rocnoACTaa nanajno- enponeficKHxx s.sesieHTOBx, aro upoAoaataeTca h ao chxx nopx ’). 3a- sdi'iaHie arn HMieix ntaoTopoe ocnoBanie. JificTBHTe.ii,ho, bx leieniH ea uapcTBOBaaia hosbho saMixaTt h£ho HanostHHatoiu.ee BarrioHaatayo QOJHTuKy; ho He.ib3a, aaaceTca, mutib bx othxx HeiiHorHxx oaepTa- Hiaxx npenpameHia irao3eMHaro Bxiama; sa Bciaa bthme nonuTKaira Hanioiia-iLHofi a^MHiiucTpauiu BHjytieTCa yate HOBaa aaoxa, xorja roc- bojctbo ohaoK Teopin totobo cuiHUTXca rocnoacTBOitx jpyrofi e 6oj&e apontofi; na csitay CMyTHofi, vaTenaTuaecBofi CHcreau .Tefifimrua ro- TOBa yiae aBHTxca sepeHapa rpostaaxx hmcrx MonxecKbe, BoaxTepa, •tpnapHxa, Hano-ieona... He peHTpaatHUMx yapeataemiiMX fiuao oipa- shtx HHOseMEoe BAiaHie—BOapoacaeHie Pocciit at^aao CBofioxaaro Ha- poja ■ fcrfecTHuxx yipeamenift. Bo BcaaoHX caytai, BpeMa EaacaBeiH HexpoBHu npeACTaBjaeTx oahhx H3X aio6onbiTHifiniHxx momchtobx bx HCTopin aaaxero apasa. Bticmaa aaKonojaTe.ixuan Bjacn, 6e3AiaciByeTx; h4tx Teopia, TBop- xecKofi AiaxeixHocTH Bexpa, ero cncTeMaTHiecKaro oCxeAHnenia pas- huxx rocyAapcTBenauxx bohpocobx, Ha ocHOBaaiH rayOoso odjyaaH- huxx xeopift. HaapoiEBx, Aaaxaifiniifl nporpeccx bx saapaoAaTeaxcTBi npHHHMaeTX, Taxx caasaTX, aasycnufl xapaKTepx, hcxoahtx otx no- TpefiHocxefl ZH3HH, ycMOTpiBHHxx aa OTAiatpHxx cayiaaxx, C-iiAOBa- Te.it,no, aB.iaCTca ofimupHuft upocxopx jaa 3aaoHOAaTe.it,noil AiaTejx- hocth yupeatieuifi, CTOatpHxx bo raatrfcTeaymeS aAMHHHCTpapin. BirScTi cx 9thmx, .'taaliTHO no-iHoe BOSBpatneine kx iiaua.iaMX, BHeceHttuMx ') Cp. Bicnuuti EspoDH, 1866 r., t. U, ctstm ,Mncn a saulmtn o pyiscaoS

— 193 — llexpoMb bt>pyccuia yapeaxeHia, xmaiejanoe B03CTaH0BJieHie aTHXb yipeiKjeHiB bo Bctst noipofiHocTaxT,. Tam ipaBHTejhCTBO Heasir&BBO catiyen. Tony upanH.iv, KOTOpony neH3Mf,nno citjOBaJi apeo(5pa30Ba- ieaa: saatajaTB Baataisfimia ntcTa rpaauaacKaro ynpaBaeHia npapoa- buhk pyccKHMU, ociaBaaa }jui HH0CTpaHR6Bb .thru, nOAHHuennua joj- zhocth, TaKT. nofiu bhobb yapeaiAeaHua atcia, uecMOTpa hb cbod HHOCTpaHHyio cjiopay, noraa cayatHTb hcthhho pyccuain. noTpefinocxaMb. 3thitl bt. ojho speaa upmaHo BaiiioHaabBoe SHaieme ceHaTy a jpy- niMb yapeat^eHiairb, hoahbto anaaenie rpasxanCKHxb Ao-KKaocTeS,3a- TevBeBHUUB’b upesuia napcrBOBauiaOaecKOMbBoeaaon cay»6u. E6aa- uiaa aacTb Baaiiittiraasb Ampa aioB sroxh, juitimiHU HuuepaTpHu.u, aanepepuBb saHHaacn. aojshocth rpasuaHcsaro ynpaBjieuia. Sflaaie ceaaTopa c,vfeaaiioci> BaKuiBuiHMb OTjaaiesn. b craBHTca Hauepeju BctxT. apyiuxa. 3Baaifi caaoBBHKa. IleTpr. HBaHOBHit IHyBa.iOB-6 na- BHBaaca BpocTO cenaTopoMb UlyBajOBUM'L. PasyHOBCEifl, ao nasua'ieBia ero reTMaHOHi Maaopoccia, TaK*e aanuaacTi, oahIi rpaauaRCKia jo.ije- hocth. Best iipeyue.iHaenia, npaiuenie Eja3aBera HeTpoBHu mosho HaasaTb ynpaBaemeab BaaniiBmHXb caHoemKOBb, coCpaHHUxt Bb ce- naTb. Cb TOiKH spiaia upaBa, HapCTBOBauieEaH3aBeTHllorpouiiij 6hjo B03MOJKHO noxHOO B03CTanoB.ieuie apeaeHb lleipa I co bcBnh HXb xa- paKiepHCTHieCKHMH OCO(!eHHOCTa>IH. Maoroe sauimajt npeeKHMUiMb CBOHMb IleTpb, Maaoe Chao huh cjtxaHo. Ec_ih ae upHimaaTi. Bb pacaeTb pacarapeflia rpanHHb, to siosbo caasaTb, no sastmanie ero ae 6h.io acnojneno. OpraHHiecKoe pa3BHTie ero aaeft notbcth cjiHHaHcoBOfi, aAMiuiHCTpaTHBHoB, cyAefiaoi, ocraaoca 6c;n, npsiBino.Hia, Naoroe 6uao yaHTToscHO, .aanero ae aa- aaro bhobb. Ilpa E-maaBert IleTpOBH'Ii mojkho bpoca'Iiahti. sto jaaa- aifiaiee paaBmie aaiaTKOBb, noaoaeHHUXb Qeipoara Bb Haaiy aAMii- iiHCipaniio, Bb A$areabHOCTH BosoftaoBACHHaro cohhth.- PaaBHTie sto, oabbeo, asiieTi xapaxTepbBb aucmed ciencaa oparaBajiaui; Bbaeab H8AO CXOACTBa Cb SaaaAOJIb. 3t0 Be KOAHlt>HKauiOBBaa At-aTC-lI.nOCTI, acKycHUXb MHHBcrpoBb, K remaABHNXb rocyiapeH, a apaxTHaecKaa AfarrejbHOCTb AKwefi, CTa.iKHBaiomHXCHO.ihskocb uyajaMHaAMHHHcrpa- Hin h napoAa. Bb 3aEOHaxb sthx'b BupaxaeTca Re.iiitHuii ciuaAb yxa saKOHOAaTeAa, a apso npocBiaaBaeibA'tftcTBHTeALEuS SHSiiennuBonuTb. Bo Bcixb pacaopaxeaiaxb ceHaTa saMiTeHb 9TOTb ayra ora OTxlua- auxb cayaaeBb Kb ofimeay npaBHiy h, cTpaaaoe a^ao, uvreMb arewL, aasb mh TBRARMb HHate, ceHaTb naaib AomeAb ao xaKBXb BaisoAOBb, Ao KAKHXb ryCahructu sanajaofl EBpouar aoibah uyreMb oTBjeaeHHUXb yn03pf,HiiS. KoAHijiHKaniaaaaiero saKOHOxaTeiacxBa, npaBAa, ae yjajiaca Bb TeaeHiH Bcero Bpeaeaa ceHaTCKaro ynpaBjeaia; ao 3a to aaaaaa, KoropaiMH ropARTca aamb KOAeacb, jaaie Bb HSirfmeHHOMX axb bha1>,

— 194 — BupafioTaiiM as sto oTjaJCHHoe apexa npaKTiiiecKOKi padoxoio JDflett, upOHHKHj’Thixi, eaifi HaaaaauH cxapoii Poccin. Toxqacs HOCii Bciymiema caoero Ha npecxojs, HMnepaTpKna bos- CTaHOBii-ia bjuci'l ceaaTa bs vnpajueniH BHyipenraxs rocyjapcTBenHiixs Hiss; Birtcrt, cs bxhms reHepaas-npoKypopy aaHH npoKypopuwx Haj- 30pa sa upoBHHpia-ifcHUMH .if.-taMH. 3arijts bhhlxo cxporoe noAXuepa- aeHic bc£xs yaasoBs llexpa I o nenojanaHiH upoctfn, Himepaxpinvfc jiuiho ‘).—OcTajtHoe 6uao npeiocxaB.ieHO ceHaxy. Ohs nocuinrais B0CB0.ib30BaTLca 8thms, ixodH OKpysHTL cefia riias noiexoas, rbehms ohs nojssoRajicH npeatje. Tans, hxs BO.icraHOBjieHa na npentHexs ocho- uaHiH io.iacHocTB peseTueficTepa, serins sa rf.Ms Ko-ijeriH h Kanne- xapiH He odpamauxca yate aenocpe^cTBeHHO ks Hxnepaxpnu$ mhho ceHaxa. Bs npeasnee npexa BaHorbaiuie yKasu o6shb.uuhci, hss itafin- HCTa HJH apyrHMH, nOCTOpOHHHMHJM CeHaia, HHIiaMH. Tenepi, xojimco .iHUa, upHHaA.iesamiB ks cocxany cenaTa, khIikti, upaBo oOsaBaarb Bucoxafiniie yK83ti. Pasyxiexca upaBoxs mbits 6o.ibrae Bcero no.ii.30- Baaca roHepajs-npoxypops, nacxo npHHHxaBimS BucoHafimia noBe.rt.Hia npH .yoK-iajif. ceHaxcKKXs jyli-is. Cxexaua eohxoph npv soexsoS koj- aerin h KOMHHccapiarfc 6hjh yiraiToiKeHU h cxexu Bcixs bI homcibs BnpejB Be.ri.HO oxcNjaxt Ha peBH3iio ns peBH3ioHHyro Koxterin. I'jaB- hhS aarncxpaxs, yHHixoateHHHfi bs npcffMnymee HapcxaowiHie, fiu.n. BoscxanoBaeHs. MHoria He HyatHua EOHxopu h koemhccihCu.th yHKixoaeHH, h j 6ja hxs pacnpeif.aeHti oraaciH Measly ceHaxoMS, oiaaoxH xeatjy nox.HH- HeHHHKH exy loxieriaxH ’). BosBUCHBDieeca sHanenie rpaasjaHCKOfi aiyadu otosim.toci. xeatay npoHHXs n Ha xoas, nxo npH ceHaxt hko.i- .leriaxs yqpeatjeHU 6h.th iukoju, Mo.iojue XBopime (®HKepa) no- .lyqaaH npHAHiecKoe oSpaaoBame. Hajsops sa hhhh BOsxoaeHs 6uas na reHepaas-npoEypopa. Betas npHcyxcTBennuMs xtcxaMS, npn koto- pnxs BHKepa oSynajiHCi. cyjonpoHSBOXCiBy, hjh cocxoaaH bs pas-inx- hhxs xoaatHoexaxs, He HCEXfonaa ceKpexapefi, upejnHcauo duxo panop- xoBaxs roHepajs-npoKypopy Kaanvio xpexs 06s hxs yentxaxs, noBe- seHiM h cnocodnocxH ks fl&iaxs. IIoioms sxh CBtjiHia jocxaBJia-iHCi. eateHejtxBHO ’). BnocatjcxBiH, VBeiHHHBaion(eeca sHaneme HeBoeHHuxs saHaxiS, hobojoks oiBOMy H3s BaatHiSiHHxs bkiobs RapcxBOBaHia E.ra- saBexH riexpoBHU—ks ocHOBaHito MOCKOBcnaro yHHBepcaxexa. ITpH Taraxs fi.raronpiaxHbixs ycaOBiaxs Haqaaacf. eaaocTonxeatHan ') H. C. 3. X X 8480, 8675. ’) n. C. 3. XX 8676, 8617, 8676, 8729, 8734, 8751, 8798. !) n. C. a » 10172, a CiorpaiJjiH renep.-uponyp. bs M. K). 3a 1884 rr., khb3b TpjOeaaoB.

— 135 — AtaeabHOCTb ceHaia. C e ta ci mu vbiuhmt,, iib ienb oaa BUpa3Hxacb. II ja .iesi orb mucjh ephthi8Ckh pasoftpaw ex pesy-ibiaiu, oto h He BXOXKTb bt> aaxaiy Moero paicyajeHia.' Ho mu uocTapaeMCH, Ha ocho- Banin aKTOin., BunicxniHXb H3'ii cesara, onpeni.iRTb ofibesn. ero aiacra, iipejMeTij ero BtAOMCTBa, oTBomeme Bb ipyrHMb yipeaijeHiaMb b, ot- oacTH, xapaKTepi ero ynpaMenis. AAHHHHCTpapia PocciH npencTaB.ia.ia Bb bto Bpema iiaxHUH aaTpyx- Henia. •1‘HnancoBoe pa3CTpoScTBO Bb no&jt.jnee papCTBOBaHie xonuo xo Kpafinaxb npexdsxoBb—rocyiapc.TBy rposHxo fiaaEpoTcmo. CeBaTy nopy- TCHO fe-TO upHRHTb M'ipU Kb HCBpaBjesilO 3JU, BpOTHBb KOTOpaTO EB- 6nHew, oKaBHBajrcfl fiesciubHHMb. CesaTb npm-.iacn.ib iicixx ;mub, aHaiomHxb (pHHaHCOByi) nacTb, npexeraBinb npooKTu o cnocofiaxb hs- </fcrHVTb nojiHaro pa3sopeHia, ae OTaromaa Bb to se Bpexa h aapoxa. ,t’6fiCTBHTejI.RO, HtlCKOXbEO .limb IipHCjajH cboh cooOmemH, BO OHH ocTaBaaHCb C>e3b pascitorptflia Bb TeaeBia Bcero napcTBOBania Abhu IlRanoBHU. Toji.ko npa ExasaBeii ohh 6a.ih pascMorpSHu, npHrosopb ceaaTa bo aroMy upejiteTy xojoaieHb HuaepaipHHt a Bouiejb Bb .co- CTaBb HtfeBHaro yaa3a 11 Mas 1744 roja. J,o HacToamaro upejieHHnpa- roBopb BTOTb MoaeTb cxyixHTb jyoniHMb joKasaTeabCTBOMb upaKTHie- CEaro CMHcaa, OTjnnaBmaro ceBaTb Toro BpeMeaH ‘). Kpoirb 3aTpvjEeni8 cb MonemuMb xfiiOMb, ceHarb <5u.ib liocTaii- jeHb Bb Heo6xOAHMOCTt BBOBb BOABBTb BOEpoCb 06b OAHOHb BaXHOMb ♦Worn Bb HapojBOMi oSpaioeniB, to a oopyieoa ceiiary, mb 3aB«caiae» o n . acvo mobbthoS UBaeiapin. Hobh* SHnycib irtnol Moaera liiaaca no ero pacBopa- *6BiD, opmeai oai Baaaaiaji a atay Baj*aa.aeico6 mohoth, onperii™, ciouio pyfiaet JOjxho buSib bit. nym aim. H. C. 3. U K 8940, 8943, 8961, 8962, 8977, 8995, 9099, 9058, 9148, 9187, 9247, 9275, 9289, 9221, 9292, 9270, 9346, 9364, 9378, 8551, 8685, 8398, 8939, 9391, 9453, 9463, 9610, 9498, 9878, 9967, 10058, 10224, 10225, 10633, 10638, 10642, 10691, 10717, 10339, 10792, 11463

— 196 — at-rt, iiaqa.no KOTopoxy noxozeno Taiute Ileipom. I. Bb Teq'eHia Tpexb HocatjHHXi uapcTBOnauifi hhkto ne nojyxa.ib o peBnsia Ha- pOAOBacaieHia, HecMOtpa Ha to, no cncTeMa HaaoroBb, pespyTCTBa, i[)iinaHcoiturt Curb, npejno.iara.in HtaoTopoe noHHTie o qnoji nojjaH- nuxb. Bt> uepBufi ze rojb napcTBonania hoboS nMnepaTpimu, cocToaacfl Bucoiafiiue yTBepatjeHHua joiuajb cemna o HeofixojHxocTH peimsiu h o nponsBejcHin na 6yjymee spexa peBH8ift *ipe3i biukjim naTHaj- HaTb . i t T i . Bb caijy»mexb rojy, no jpyroxy ceHaTCKOMy jouajy, 6am yze Ha3HaqeHH jjw peBHsin mua, H3b jMcTBHTejbHO cayza- maro renepa-iHieTa. Bc.itjb sa t$Vb, coctomch MaiiinpecTb o renepa.ii.- Hoft peBHSiH u nojnitcaua HHCTpyKipa .mpaxb, noc-iannuxb jjh Hurts Bb cBoexb pacnopameHin noesnua chjh rocyjapcma a nyz- Hoe Minnie ua Bci qacTH ynpa&ieHia, cenaTb xorb pyKOBOjHTb 3thmt> jfcjioxb, iipejcTaBJWBnrHH'i, CoJbmia saTpyjHeHia; Hapojb, noxnHBmift eiu,e cypoBoert nepnoB peBxsiH h 3anyranHafl zeciOKocTaxH BaponoB- ihhhu, ue hoii oxotho nojqHHBTbca mipi, na KOTopyn o n cxOTp&n> KaKt Ha HecjHxaHiioe ji-io. Ho h Kpoxi 06maro Hejono-itcTBa napoj- naro, lipejCToaJio-XHoro TpyjHHXb npaKTnqecKHXb BOnpocoBb. Cocxobih eme He ycranoBiuHCb OKOHiaTeatno; oco6eHHO uezjy ayxoBBHCTBOHbh nojaTHUMB uaccaxH TpyjHO 6ujo npoaecTH pisEyn rpammy; canoe fipozeme Hapoja Be kohbhjoci.; eme He j&aeKO Cu.io to Bpexa, Korja om ToxnaxH 6tza.ib H3X npejt.ioia Poccix iuh opojH-n cb xicia Ha irfecTO, jyxaa yspuTtca 0Tb npecaijosaHia CesnomajHoS ajwwiH- crpauiH. H'bKOTopue, npa cnpoct o&b hxb ssaaiH. cKaauBajHCb no.u- xauH, xajopocciaHaHH, OKpecTHBmHXHca xaroMeTanauH, Koiopuxb He niicajH Bb nojyurauB ooajb, HenoxHainnua pojcTBa, uepKOBHHsaMH, 6es3exeabHHXH ojHojsopiiaxH. Mnorie, nooai npeacneft peBnsin, nocry- ohxh Bb jyxoBHoe sBaHie, iimIih ojnaxo jf.TcB, pozjeHHUXb b i npez- Heub HXi cocTOanin; jajrte, s&BOBb He onpejijiHj’b naze OTHOmeHia Bern h jiieft KpecTbHHb, OTjaaHHXb Bb pespyibi. PaaptniHib set »TH HejoyxtBia, hojihhhtb paaCliaaimiiSca h pasorHaiiHH® Hapojb ne- penHCH, RaftTH xazjoxy 3naniio cbobxicro, 6uxo aajaieB) ceHara. Kanb OHb HCHOJHHJb 3Ty sajaqy, bhjho yze HSb Toro, hto qpesi jBajjaTb l ir a , Bb napcTBOBaHie ERaTepHHU II bo3mozho yze 6 a io npoHSBO- jhtb peBiiaisi, ne apnCIiraa hh Kb KasHXb Epyruxb xipaxb. Eaaie- pnira, cb h4kotopob npoHieS, pascKasuBaeib '), Easb ceaarb Bb ea npHcyTCTBiH pascyajajb o npejcToameft peBHsin, KaKb OHb roiiopn.ib o ncoSxojHxociH EoxaHjb npn peBHSopaxb h o fiojbmHXb jaa sroro ’) Gp. PyccKiS ApxHE! 1866 r.(2 Bax.) paacnaaa EsaTepanaII o nepBOMi «pe- xeBB eanapcTtoiaBui, C7p.483-485.