Градовский А.Д -Собрание сочинений. Том 1

— 197 — lojepaEEaxx h t. i. HnnepaTpniia cnpaBejaHBO gaHtmia, wo Bpajx jih uyKuu Tania cypoBHH Mtpu, a npej(JOZHJia laxofi cnocodx peBHaiH, EaaoS ynoTpednajH go bco BpeKa ea aapcTBOBama a iioc.ii Hea. Ho omh sra Mipa yjajacx, ecja nponacauxx jymx, kotophxx iaisx duaxca npaBAHBufl crapnax HlaxoBCKoa, He oaaauBaaoci., to b4tx co- MBfaia, bto ycirixx btotx 6h.it. nojroTOBjeHX HeyTOMHMOio jtaTe.it- boctmo cenaTa bx aapcTBOsaHie E.in.iaue'rii UerpoBHH *). Bx HHCat rocyjapcTBeHHHxx peraaiS, cx laenaro BpeaeBB odpa- ma.ia oa ce6a Baaaaiiic coaiaaa MocnoBcuaro, a nocat h nerepfiypi'- CKaro npaBHTejBcrBa coaaHaa npojnnnaeHHOCTb. .HtScTBHTeabHO, bto 6hjx ojhhx H3x BaatHliBrauxx hctobhheobx joxoja, bto joKasuraeTca nocToaHHHMa 3a6oTanH npaBHTeabCTBa o6x btomx opejHert. CHaia-ia, Jtia ofi-icrieiiia napoja, ceaarx sanpeTaax nosBHinaTb i;tay Hacoat h nojTBcpaijaax o jonymeHiH ax uoKyusi ea bc6xx 6e3x pasaaqia, cx 3anpemeaieMX nepexyna. 3artMX npeanacairia o 6e30CTanoBoiHoit npo- ja a i coaH aocroaHHO nojTBepajaaacb. Batcri cx bthmx, ceaaix sa- domica o pa3MH0!seniH coaaHbixx aaBOjOBX a ycntnmojix sodunaHia cojh bx HtcTaxx ea Baxosjeaia. CoaaHue KomiBccapcTBayipeaijaancb bo Bcixx raaBntfiraHxx nyHKTaxx. Bx CapaTOsfi BaaniocTL npoaucja 6hua raK'b Bcaaita, bto ceHaTx, jaa npejynpeaieuia CTO.iKHOBeHifi na- Ba-iLHHKaco.iHHaro KOHicHccapcTBa cx Boesojoio, cacax Hyaramix coeja- HHTb joazHOCTb BoeBojHcx joaatBOCTbio coaaHaroKOMMHCcapa, KOTOpaa H fitua uopyicna do.ikobhbkt HevaiypoBy, a jaa bocbojh rcpoaxjiH npHEasaHO hobth jpyroe Micro, ^aa Ch6hpm ceHaTX TBKKe yBpejH.ix ocodoe KomuiccapcTBO, KOTopoMy Jiaax ocodua npaBMa o saroTOBjewH cojh. Hnorja lie, CMOTpa no MtcTHHMX odCTOHTejhCTBaMX, aOMMHCcap- cTsa yupasAHa.iHCb, aaax aro c.iyqu.iocb bx AcTpaxaHH, r j i oda3an- hocth dumnaro KOMHaccapcTBa diuM bo--tiokchh aa rydepHcayn EaHite- aapiio h MarHCTpaTX. lIojodHua Mtpu, BoaeBao, 6h.th bosmokhh tojtmeo uotomv. bto ceHaTy du.m ojbhbkobo nojBHaeHU set BijoHcrca. Bx nacToamee BpeMH, Baajoe BijOMCTBO, Kaxxda He du.m hhbtoxhh ero aanaria bx H3BicTHoS MiciHOCTH, Tpedyeix HenpeMiHHo oi'ji.ibHaxx caysRTeaei h ocodaro ynpaBjoKia. Biricri cx bthmx, ceaarx uoctohhbo jyMaeTX odx odaerBemn aapoinaro dpe¥enu; thkx. bx 1751 rojy, ohx h m u x vaaax o 3aBeri npnduabHHxx jeaerx otx sa3eHHod npojaaa cojh bx nojymHtifi cdopx. Hnorja c.iyaajocx. bto ceraix yaeHuua.ix hiuoiti BcatjCTBie yjaBBaro Topra coaxn, bto bo bchkomx cayrat jo- ‘) OiROCBrejLoo peBHBiHapHEjH3aB6rt HeipOBBt cp. n. C. 8.JK*8619, 8811, 8885, 8836, 8884, 8925, 8927, 8931, 8957, 8966, 8969, 8970, 8974, 8973. 8981, 8984, 9000, 9001, 9002, 9003, 9008, 9010, 9011, 9012, 9015, 9019, 9021, 9059, nonpoci o Mmixx: XK 9134, 9136r9137, 9145, 9146 m

— 198 — Ea3UBaerb ero odiimpHna lipaua. Tan, be 1754 rojy, no ceHaicaosijr ysasy nojyramifl otiaji, d a n jmeHunen Ha 6 son. ce iymn, no Tony cjyiaio, n o joxoje Kasim peJHTHjca o n yneHiineHU TaSHaro npoBosa cobh (II. C. 3. K 10260). Be TaKoitE ace OTnomem'H ctome ceHaTt n no OTHOmeniio n jpyrnnE penuinME. 3ani'iaieJBH0, n o OB'b tome noecenicTHO CTapajca BBecrn OTEynHyo cncTcny, anocjrfeA- craiH thee cupaBejjHBO ocyacaennyio EsaTepHnoio. CeHaiE uo CBoeMy ycMOTptnin pacnopaacae-rca oraaieB na otkvtie pasnuxi cfiopoBE: nnoraa OTKyiiruHEana hb,ihbtca OMixtBUH .rana, HHOrja MarncTpaTH n ropoja. KaaepE-EOneria iacTO no.iyqaerc, ooiTBepacjema cjfjHTb sa npojaaccs) Buna h saftoTHTbca o npeciiOHin EOpaencTBE. Bo bc4xe cbohxe j-fe0CTBiaxE no 3TOMV npejneTy cenaTE pykoBojCTByeTca hckjio- raTeatHO npaKTEaecKHnu coodpaaceHiann ’). Khiuuh cayian, nor.4a cenaTE DpH6f.ra.iE ee nfipanE hohth 6e3- rpaHH'iHofi iHKTaTypu. Be 1755 rojy ohs sanpeTaaE BHHOEypenie bo BceSHnrep«aEjaHAiH hC.-IIeTep6yprcE0fl ryfiepma, n on TfiiE npeaao- rOME, HTO OTE 8TOTO npOMHCJia irpOHCXOAHTE OnyCTOmeHie .itcOBE, EO- Topue ceHara o6a3aHE oxpaHSTE. Uoio6Hoe a e pacnopaxeHie t o o c^taano bo Been dodth HNnepin no eiyw a ro-ioja, Korja xji(h. Hy- aceHE Chde j .ih nponHTania. Be tohe ace roAy uocraBKa behe 6uja oTjana na otevhe abj'me EyniianE. IpesE HfcKoatKo Bpenemi C.-IIe- TepfiyprcKie mnefiHue n npoiie c6opn 6h.ih otabhu ce 1750 r. Ha OTKynE BnepejE na 7 aitE . HaKOHenE, be 1761 roAy ncf cfopsr Be- •riiio oTaafi he cojepacanie TfME aaracTpaTanE h patyman, Eon npnnuioTE be cpOKE TpeOosaHia, a Ha Koropue ne 6yj«TE TpefiOBaaiS, BeaiHO OTjaaaTb he OTKynE ’ ). HemHCHno ote ototo, ceHSTE no CBoeny ycnorpiBiro oOehb.ik je HSBicTBue nponucau peraaiann h 6pa.iE ') Tail, n 1746 rojy ranoseinuie, mSawie, noproane a noauoiae c6op», nnmipoa* latSanaro, 6an otjwbh na oiayn n ropojaxi B*ioropo*ciol ry6epaiB, np» sent ropoxait yspeaxemi 6ui soaiopa m i aaifijuiiaaii Kopsei- humb jtiauH g saatmcuH otctobfihmb ofmepam. Bt 1759 r. m AcTpaxaicioS rydcpaii ect nseaiao axiy6enciie aanojH Can otmhh n envuoe coxepaaaie synay Ko6«iOBy. Bi ion >e rojy ia6amie a niBHue cdopy Cuaa cjauu ii IIciob- ’) OrHocireJMO com, mhi h opoi. cfiopon, cp. D. C. 3. XX 8607, 8767, 8870, 8907, 9067, 9116, 9117, 9203, 9216, 9310, 9597, 9364, 9640, 9697, 9734, 9735, 9736, 9788, 9741, 9746, 9799, 9802, 10261, 10351,10799, 11873, 11184ht. j.

— 199 — HXb B-b KaseEHOe ynpaweme. Tara 6iuo nocrvweHO co cxoAHHUMb h .ibHEHUMT* Toproirb ')• He nenf.0 saHHxaib ceaarb h Bonpocb o ij>afi- piiKaxb n MBOAaxb. Orb caxuxb nacTiiuxb aonpocoBb, Kara, Hanp., o nipt xo.iCTa a jocTOHECTst fiapxaTa ’) a cyraa, ohb nepexojHTb Kb TaKHMb npoMuc.ia«b aacTumib h KaseHHUMb, orb soropuxb saBHCHTb flaarococToanie Bcero rocyjapcTBa. H 8Aicb cesarb jepjKaaca raKoro nopa.xKa. KaKo8 mu bhaIjiih no oi'uoineBio Kb behhoxy h co.ihhomv A'iuy. Saiioju onaBTca incTHUMb jHiiaxb. Boo6ne cenaTb ocTaBaaca utpeBb B3raaay Heipa, n o nponumaeHHOCTb, panno Kasb h npoMum- jt'HHijfi Kaaccb, cymecTByiOTb A-ra rocyaapcTaa a nacroabKO. HacnoatKO arc ByatHO A-*a ero naiasu. Ha sTOMb ocHOBamH cenaTb HHorAa ycH- aeBHO noonipaab, HHOraa cricHaab HSBic-THua orpacan MaHyi|>aKTypu h npoMumacHnocTH, CMorpa noroxy, aero TpefioBara butoju rocyjapciBa. Boo6me 6uao nocranoBaeBO npaBHaoub n ceHarb uoaieepai^aab oto iiicKoatKO pasb, irofiu he oahs <fia6pnKa He OTspuBaaacb 6e3b josbo- aeHia xaHy$aKTypb-KoaaeriH. IIpHBHaeriH AaBara caxb ceHarb. Tania npHBHJeriH no.jyTH.TB. Hanp., Ha 30 a iib , upo^eccopb -ToMOHOCOBb Ha saBeaeme $a6pHKH j.ia ,vf.aaHia paaHou^THuxb cresoab, Cncepy, creit- aapycy h apyraib raiaHTepeSuuxb Bemeft h xHOrie Apyi'ie ’ ). HoaoCho xoxy, Kara Bb OTUouieuia BEHuaro h APymxb npoxucaoBb. cenaTb Aep* aiaaca OTKynHOfi CHCTexu, Tara 3A*Cb CTapaaca OHb noomparb qacrHVio AtaTeabBOCTb. bb 1753 toat ceHaTb aosboahtl 3aB0AHTb h paaiiHO- Htaxb aanoAU Bb OpeHfiyprcKoft ryftepniH oahhex. ToabKO aacruuMb ato- AflMb, cb Tixb, <rro6u <Sepn> - Koaaeria cocpeAoroaHBaaa Bb ce5i TOJBEO c6opu, nocryna»ra,ie cb araxb saBOAOBb, npH iexb OHa ofimaHa 6u.ia AonocHTb ceHaTy escroAHO o KO-iHiecTBi aroro cdopa. .larfeiib. Bb b$ aohctbo 6eprb-KoaaeriH otabhu net shboau, Ha KOTopuxb pa- fioTa npOHUBOAH.iaCb H8b COfiCTBeHHOft xiAH SaBOAHHKOBb, a He HSb no- KynHOft. Bb cj'feAynniexb roAy ceHarb A03BoaHab bchkomy aHHy otu- CKHBarb Bb Ch6hph pyAy. KpacKH h ctpohtb bbboau ho CHomeHiD cb xicTHuxb ropnuxb uaiaabCTBOXb He tojbko Ha xaseHEUxb saaAt- Hiaxb, ho h Ha sexaaxb, npHHaA-ieatamHXb qacTHHMb aBQaxb. Ilpa fioabnroxb HeAOCTaTKi 3oaoTa h cepeCpa 'sb rocyAapcmi. ceHarb Ha- meab oahhko B03MoaHUMb npeAnacaTb mohcthohKaHiieJwpiHoraycKaTb soaoto h cepeCpo ^afipHitanraMb no HXb TpefiOBaHiio 3a ycraHOB- >) n. C. 8. NX 9189, 10784. ') n. C. 3. XX 8826, 8895, 9168. ae iia 6Hcepy. Aiio n Tom, ito ob» piraaica aanecia hi Poccia naaaaxecKjia pafioTy, xoropoB cam Bayauca no Kapraai, oaSjcuooS am y nijniaiOBa. Ho aaai

200 — jieHny» nfiHy. CeHan, bb to ate Bpeiia safioTHica o pacnpocTpaaeHiH h yxyqmemH aajtoACKoft aiaTeatnocra. Taut, oaBHOHy cyAbi HOHeTHOfi KaHueaapiH, Illaarrepy, Be.iiuo sadoTHTBCH o pacnpocTpaHemH Hsrfiw- ihhxch bb CuOapH HepqaucKHXB h Apyraxt cepefipaHuxt saBOAOBt. Mpe3B H'iicKOJLEO BpeMeHu upeflUHCaHO gaBOABTh ciaaBBuahateatBHHa <jia0pHKH no npHHtp; Haxoj,an(Hxca bb UlTdpin. 3a to ceitaTB ho ne- peMOHHJCn CB 3T010 TaCTHOlO UpOMHmaeHHOCTBB), KOTOpyD OHB TBEB' noompn.it, Kor.ua HHTepecu rocyAapcmsa TpefioBaxH, no ero raimii, npoTHBonoaoatHHXB nipt. Upn MAOCTaTKi niAH, ceHSTB upHKa3a.it R3JITI, y laCTHBIXB SaBOAHHROBB UO.IOUHUV upHrOTOB-ieHlIOfl HXH jdtAH AAH A'h-iania houuxb sonieKt '). A bb 1754 r., noA't upej.iorOMBco- xpaaeBia xicoBB, ohb nputasaxB yumoatBTB bc6 xpycTa.ii.Hue, ctck- ASHHHe h stexisaue seboah, OTCToamie otb Mockbh Meirf.e Hint bb 200 BepCTHOXB pa3CT0HHiH, HBnpeAB A08BOJieHO SaBOAHTB HXBHe (jjaxe BTOfi ate ahctehiph. To ate canoe bb 1759 r. 6hxo CAixaHO A-ia Ile- TepCypra. Cb sroro BpexeHH HauHHaioTca 3a0oTH ho BHinmeA Topimit, o itOTOpoA ne <5uxo cxhbiho bb npejuxymee napCTBOBame. noneuenie o6b btoub BaatHonx npeAMerfe Bito-mi npenocTaoxeno KaHepi-Ko.ueriH, hoab BepxoBHHMB HaA3opoMB ceHaTa. nocAiAHeny npanaA-ieata-iH Baat- iiiftmie aKTU. KacaBiniecH btoto upeasteTa. Kb coata.it,Hix> hp,al3h csa- saTB, 1 TO6 u Mt.pu 9TH BCCTAa HltXH BB BHAy IlOOIUjienic TOpTOBJIH. JIioOhiihh uacTO nojbsoBaxHcb cbohmb BxiaweHB Ha ceirnTt noxy- TOHia caMuxB o6peneHHTexbHuxB f j w KyneuecTiia MOHOuo.iifl. Bb ot- HomeHin kb tomt, ho bb Hacioamee BpeMa hsbIictho hoab nMeneirt cboCoam ToproBAH, ceHaTB, xaateTCH, ocraBaxcH coBepuierao paBHOAym- iiumb. Ero npaKTHiecKift cmhcxb yKasuBaxB eny xpvria nips ajikno- oiupcniii naniOHajBHaro TpyAa; nosroxy fioxunaa uacrb ero yxasoBB 3anpeTHTeAtHaro xapaKTepa. Cb caxaro Baiaxa BCTptuaeTca yate boc- npemenie bbosb bb Poccis) KHTatcKHXB h hoaoShbixb hub hhjM ckhxb TOBapoBt H3B eBponeicKHxt rocyAapcTBB kbbb MopeMB, tekb h cyxnxB nyieMB s).I I cp. 0. C. 3. 8921, 9864, 9 1758 r. obi jomomm.

— 201 — KciH UB03T. UOJBepraJCH HiKOTOpOMy CTicHOHilO, TO HO MeHie 6u- Fa.it cricHOBT. H BUB03T,; HHOi-^a cenarB cnmaat HysHEixt 3aaepxn- uaTi, ra PocciH HisoTopue npejaeTu ornycKa. CHaiaaa 6uao sanpe- meBO, a noc.rt ao3BoaeBO ornycKaTt xa$6t Hat PocciH, ct HaaTexeHt iionnHBu. To xe canoe 6u.io cat-iaao b no Toprosai noaoTaout, ce- -IHTpOB, CKOTOHt. 0*HO BpCMH CO.llDiaa laCTfc HSataifl pycCKHXt (|ia- dpHKt, OTnycKaenuxt aarpaHHny, 6uaa ofiaoxeHa noni.iHHaHH. M ijt BOBce 6uao Bocnpemeno OTnyataTt sa-rpaBHny. OrnycKt ayryaa 6u.it A08BoaeBt uoat ycaOBieut hodmhbh. K t stony xe BpeMeHBothochtcb h Hanaao ToproBUxt KOunaHi#, no.iynaBiiiHxt ort ceaaTa pasptmeHia OCHOBaTB CBOB TOprOBXB Bt B3BiCTBOMt MiCTt, HHOrXA Ct np«BH.ie- riOB. Taut, -Kt 1757 r., MOCKOBCKOuy Kynuy Xocramosy u ero TOBa- pumaMt fiujia iaHa npHBH.ieria Ha sarpaHHHHyB ToproBJB, npa neat. TOBapnmecTBo Amo na3nano: PocciflcKOB, Bt KoBCTaHTKBono.itTopryB- HCb, KOunaHieB.Ho enie 3aatiaTeJBBte apyraa BonnaHia, ocHOBaHHaa j& x ToproBJH ct DejfcieB; ona cHadxeaa 6o.itinHi>t ycTasout h npei- CTaBjaeTt ejBa jh He nepsuB npHMipt KOvnaniB Ha aniiaxt.Bt ka- juxt pa3irfipaxt lipejinecTBOBaBinift 3hhmchhtoh axepHKaHCKOH Topro- Bofl KOHnaniH. nHaanTft.il,line cTtcHeHie npejCTaB-iaxH, Bnponeirt,aaa HHoeTpaHHoft TopromiH MOHOiio.iiH, KOTopuxt .'lofiima.iHCi, pa3Hue BeatMoxH raorja ipe3t ceHaTt, h HHoraa uomhmo ero. Tpaifit UlynaaoBt noaynH.it npa- BHaeriB x . w CBOefl 6t,.i0M0pi:K0n KOMnamn ct naaTexout 5 Eon. nom- jHHt; noTOMt Buy orjaHt TBaeHiS npoMuceat Bt AcipaxaHH h aa KacniflcEoiit Mopi h, HasoHent, euy i03BoaeHO noatsoBaTtca Bt tc- TeHiH 20 af,Tt ornycKOat -ilica H8t apxaHreatCEaro nopTa. Tpa$t Bo- poaiiOBt noaynH.it npHBHaeriB Ha ToprosaB Ha KacniBcKOMt aopt ‘). npBB03BTB act CBpotreecnic loeaiome TOlapa TOJISOin 01B0HJ C.-IIeTep6yprC50ay nopiy, r i* 111 joiaaa Cu.ia ueixmt aomaaaia, y aoropoS d in aa orayny act 6aio bo apeiu 3anpemeBiii otaycaari xjiifi-v aa rpaHioy no ciyiau roaoja) He

— 202 — CeHaTt nojTBepjHJt CHjy BeaceiibHaro ycTasa, 3a6orajcH o6t ynpeacJenin TasioaceHt h npaBHJbHOCiH co6npaeia TaMoxennuxt cfio- poB'b Kant Ha norpaHHSHNXt, rant h Ba BHyTpeHHHXt aacTuuaxt l). B t to ace Bpewa, canoe noneneme o KynenecTBi 6 u .ro bosjojhcho na n-Hart. Eho bhjho list ncropiH aanrero nepBaro KoMMepiecnaio Camca, EOTopuft, BMicTt ct niiopjincKHMt 6aHKOMt, Haxojn.icfl Bt ero ynpas- jenin. Orn. CTapa.ica joeTaBHTb jKjaHt, aanuMaBiuiiMtjeHtrn Bt aTOMt 6aHKt, BcetosMOiKHun od-ierieHia. Tain., neacjy upoiuMt, o n paapi- iun.it BtiaaBftTi, jeHtra Ha tojoboS cpoat, xoth CamcoBuB ycraBt boc- npema.it saHBiiaTt 6ojie, tin t Hanonroja. Ho ceHaTt ccu-iaeTca 3jicb Ha CBoe otmmpnoe no.inoMonie, aannoe e»y npn vipeacjeHin SaHKOBt, ji-iaTb to, ,tto cBepxt npoiiiicannaro Bt ycTasi onasuBaxtca CyjeTt s t .lynmeiay ynpeacjemio ji.a t“. 3jich Kcram sair&THTt, tto yciasH SaHKOBt BupaOoTaHU Bt cesaii a upejcTaB.ienu Bt cfiopiii jomraja HMnepaTpHiyfi, npn Beset ceHaty npejocr&BjeHO npaBo: „ito CBepxt HStacHeHBaro Bt Tout hjcchho E. H. Be.iHiecTBa vnaai no TeneHiw r tx t CaHKOBt OKa3UBaTbca 6 y j .c n , Kt .lyameMV yqpeacjeniio, H Bt to ace BpeMM ct noab30» BaaeHHOio n jBopsHCTBa, ceHaTt Hciio.nunt jo.i- aceHt“. IIojoCbo Bcefl PocciH, h fiaHKOBoe jt.ro 611.10 upnica3aHO co- uaTy a). Oat TaKt umpoKo coab30Bajica npauoMt noKpoBHueaBCTRaiop- r0B.1t, mo HHorja ,iana.it npejnecaHin, Horymia HMfrrb Baiairie na BHtuiHiM oTHomeHia... OjHajEju KOj.ieria HiiocTpaHuuxt ji.it jOHecja ceeaiv, tto Bt ITojBnii dphihhiuh o<5hjh pnaccKHMt rpaacjaHaat; ce- HaTt HeHejjeHHO npejnnca.it apecTOBBTt npiiRoaiiMue Bt Pnry H8t llo.itniH Tonapu, nnpejt jo yjOBjeTBopenia ofiHaceimuxt. B t HHCji BoupocoBt rocyjapcTBeuuaro ynpaB.ienia ho nociijHee uicTO saHHMajH HHOpojiecBia n.ieMeHa, BOinejuiia h.th nxojHiiinia Bt to Bpeua Bt nojjaHCTBO PocciH. ^iaa nxt BHVTpcnnaro ynpaB.iema h pejHciosHO# ajHHBncTpaniH npHHajjexajH Bno-rat cenaxy; both morin H8t 9THxt lueneHi, naxojHjHCb eme Bt yupaB.TOHia HHOCTpaHHofi koji- .leriH, ho BHcmifi Hajsopt h oCipee nanpaBjcnio ajMHHHCTpanin fiest 6uera cpoaa no dobcojd .lanjamri. Capony Bo.iaipy 25 t. py ... 3a Tin cpaipc npo- AOJUKaera dhccmo na ^pauayscaoMi, aaaai, apoca IIlvBa.iOBa yopoCHTC nnncparpHuy 6 186n oCimaaeay aaa?onoaoBiay apmneSI. (Pvc.ApiBB. 1884r,,cip. 860 I). Orao- 61 0 0CRT.CH HBOCTpaHBOfl T proB«H a TaMOjaeaccp.II.C. 3. UK- 8828, 8919, 9064, 9205, 9831, 9846, 8828, 8896, 8991, 9506, 9628, 9655, 9659, 9676, 9701, 9694, 9761, 9762, 9880, 9962, 10169, 10221, 10205, 10281, 10357, 19379, 10504, 10803, 10848, 10869, 11249, 10810, 10835, 10394, 10511, 10206 I *. jl pecy cp. H>i 8791,*9356, 9377, 9116, 9457, 9657, 9618, 9680^ 10178, 10179, 10182, 610386, 10405, 10437, u j . ’) 0 aanu» cp. IL C. 3. JSK 10259, 10265, 10271, 10280, 10847, 10501, 10671, 10784, 10978, 11095, 11105, 11259, a r. «.

— 203 — coMHima npHHajjiexa-m cenaTy. Bt OTHoniemH Hit aeJias He yjHB- iHTtca BUCosoMynpaKTHiecKOHj ciracay, pyK0B0AHBmenyateeabHOCThio cesaia. Bosmojkho noiHaa BipoTepnavocTb, He krkt>oTaseieHHufi jh- fepa.ii.Hufi iipHUUHHi, ho sast aacymnaa norpedHocitrocyaapcTBeHHofi H DKOHOMHHeCKOfi 3KH8HHCTpaHU, du.ia 6T0 HeHSXfiHHUMt npaBHJOHH. Kt coatartmio, ero cipcHieoia He ncoraa naxoiiun cefrb nojxepaay m. HHiiepaTpiwi. 3io hoxho uhj'Ivn., Hanp., Ha H3BiCTHont nonpoct, o espeaxt, KOTopuxt H*neparpHna aeaaia HsrHaib H3t npea&ioBt Poecia. CeaaTt DpeicTaBH.it cboS AOKaaat, ra$ ct fejouiow ocHOBa- TeiLHOCTbD• H3ioaHjt SHaieHie eBpeeBt, KaKt DOJesnaro npoMunueH- Haro H-iacca, h nucTaBH.it act neBuroau. Katin Moxert noBJie'ib sa codon ero BHe3auHoe HaraaHie; Ha ato HMiiepaTpHpa oTBbiaaa csoen KopoTHon peaoiBMjen: „otb BparoBt XpHCTouuxt ve xeaau HHTepoc- Hofi npadtuK”. llpHHHHa btoS HeyaatH saiuiOTaaacbKOHeino Bt hckjb- HHTeatHOMt Baranat Ha eBpeeBt He mibno pyccuaro, ho h apyraxt eepoiieficBaxt npaBHTeJbCTBt. B t OTHonteHiH Kt apyraMt nnopoanaMt a,ceHait He BCTpf.aaat TaKHxt npenHTCTBifi, daaroaapa ero daaropa- syKHofi nojHTHEi, Bt cpeai araxt naeveHt du.io no.ioaceHo npoiHoe ocHOBaaie pyccuoMy BaaauiecTBy. IIoctohhho aafioTH.icHOHt, htoSu Hxt HHTepecu He 6uah saTpoHyni '). OTaaaeHHU# BocioKt fiuat ropa3ao feaie aocTyneat ero B-riaHiO, .[IiH'h OTHonieHifl Bt sanaaHNMt aepxaBaMt; bco BHHHanie □paBHTO.il.- ctbh yxoaH.To na bth CHomeHia ct npoaojxHTejLHHMH aHn-ionaTHHe- CKHMH HHTpHraMH HBOfiHaHH. HanpOTHBt, BoCTOBt KaKt 6yaT0 C0CT8B- jinat ’JacTL BHVTpeHHaro ynpaB.ieHin, h Ko.i.ierin HHOCTpaHHUxt .rt.it orpaHHHHBaaacb panopiaira no nTOMy npeaaeTy. Tast, Bt 1760 roay, Hanp., no es aOHomeHic du.io npeanHcaHO cudHpcKOMv rydepnaTopy CofiMOHOBy BHCTPOHTI. HbCKOJLKO KpfenOCTe# H SaHKTb HOBUH M'fecTano rpaHHuaMt, aacejHBt Hit pyccBHMH .noatmi. HHopoanu KaKt dyato coBepmeHHO ocTaaieHu Ha uoneieHie ceHara, pasHO KaKt h OTaaaeH-

— 204 — him CTpanu Hamero OTeiecTBa. Ohs safioTH.ica o nepeiracH acainuxs HapoAOBS ch6hpcko8 rySepHiK. npHHHuajs xipii its pacnpocTpaHem» xatfionamecTBa bs EamaTKi, aah oiBpameHia HejocTaTaabs npoBianrt ua coAepaanie TaMomHHXb noennuxs soxanAS. Eme naairfeiiuiie bo- npocu fitiJHupeAera&uieiui ceHaTy, h eme ofimnpirl;6iiiee noxe nzx ero AiaTejrtHOCTH orKpiuocb eity cs Toro BpeweiiM, KorAa plib sanua o aaceaeHin HoBopocciBcEaro span. U,apCTBOB«Hic E.iH3aBeTH npoHnrie.ro Ha nojjaHHHxs h HHOCTpaHneBS coBopmeHno Apyroe ^McTBie, Bins rocnoACTBO BnpoHa. HHocTpanpu TOjnaMH Baqaan saceJHTb boabhue CTenH UoBopocciH, a tffcrAiie ocTanjiirn. Epaa, npimTHnmia hxs boBpeua neqajbHaro BpexeHH. Ceiiais AiETeibuo 3aHHnaeTCfl pasjaaen 8ene.ib BuxoAnaMs H3S CepfiiH, BaxaxiH, MojjaBia, h bs to ate Bpexa j i - ■laeis pacnopascHie o npauaTiH Ha noceaeHie h Bt'jHoe noAAancTBO Ao6poBo.TBHO npHXOAamnxs napojOBB H3S Typennoa h Apyraxs A«p- JKaBs '). HasOHeqs, no upeAAoateHiD reHepaas-npoEypopa ceHart aos- boahjs upioCpiTaib AepeBHH Tins HH03eimaxs, xoiopue ofiaxyrca ua BiiBHoe noAAaHCTBO PocciHj tobho raEace paaptmcHO hms ceHaTom. ate, noxyaaTb no nacxIiACTBy HeABHHtmtHH HMymeerBa, no npaHecenin npn- carn Ha b4phoctb Poccin. Bs bhcjI o6.iaCTe6, yupaiueme KOTopwra cenaTS pasA^jaas cs Kojaerieio HHOCTpaHHHxs a'Ea'b, Maaopoccia aamiMaeTs, KOHeaHO, canoe bkahoc Micro ’). IIpH BoscTaHOBjeHin aiaCTH ceHaTa, Maaopoccia 6u.ia OTAana b s ero Bi.rfcme. PeseTiieScTepy asho oxs Hero npeAnHcasie upHHHHaTb, aah aokaeah ceHaTy, nocTynaE>min ots Majopoccinns ata- jofiu. Ha reHepa.ibHyu BoBcEOByio h HHHHCTepcEyio Kanuejapin, h bs TeneHin hhth AiTs ofijacTb 3Ta ociaBaxacb uoas ero HenocpeACTBeH- hbms ynpan.ienieMb. Bs 1747 r. HMuepaTpaua, no npomeaiio Maao- pocciHHS, ptmHAacb BOscraHOBHTb bs Maaopoccia PeTstaHCEOe ynpaB- aeHie cs npezHHMH npasaaK h o6asaHHOCTHMH;—ofiimame sto 6hao HcnoxneHo toaseo qepeas ah* row, Koraa soueriH HHocTpaHHUxs AiAS Ou.ib abbs ysass 06s ompaaieniH tjab TeHApnEOBa, aae BuCopa remaHa, npHqens HHoexpannofl KOJxeriH nopyneHO no npexneity 3ant- AUsaTb Majopoccieio no bc6ms Asians. KoHerao ceHaTs Ha BtsoTopoe oxHjamuiS eme itarepiiuon. i aacatjoairajeS. Hiaoropae ipatiH iiozao huSth n n. C. 3. * K 8875, 8929,8978, 9012, 9090, 9171, 9175, 9210, 9227, 9280, 9255,9291, 9316, 9406, 9600, 9608, 9791, 9814, 9904, 9966, 9967, 9976, 10005, 10006, 10087, 10138, 10173, 10198, 10270, 10491, 10767, 10991, 11058,11186, 11191, 11193, 11265 H *. 1. OTBocHTeibHOO a m on. J6X 10619. 10139, 11265. ’) Cp. D. C. 3. J6J6 8798, 9285, 9400, 9676, 9886, 9925, 10386, 10498, 10577, 10616, 10905, 10997, 11000C

205 upena Cu.ii. OTCTpaBeax o n oToro ynpaBJenia, xoth on, upevenn 10 BpcHenH BCxptnaiOTCa cro yiuuuj, Kara, HanpHMtpi, npHRa3aaie o(h> oraycrii 3anopo*cKOMy boBckv eiKeroAHo AOHeamaro h xjt6naro ata- jOBaEta, Taicae nopoxy h CBHHity, cocToaBmeeca no AOHeceBin hho- CTpaHHoii KOj.ierin, hah yitaab o HcyapiiueHiii Manopocciaiib ra xojon- ctbo. Maaopoccificnifi HapoAb 6u.rb ocBolSosaem hex o n BHyTpeHHHXi cfiopoBi; Ha BoflcnoBjTO nasay Be.rtHO oraycKaTB us% ofimeft rocyjap- cTBOHHoft Ka3Hfci HaBicTHyD cyHHy Aonerb. BnpoaeHT., Maaopoccia He jojro ocTaBaaact boat. ynpaBjeHieMb HHOCTpaHHofi KoaaeriH. I'eTMain. PasyHOBCKifi, oahht. hst, .nofiHMueBb HMnepaTpHHU, noTOraab ajh ce6n VHHSHTe.IbHHMb HMtTL jljlO Cb UOA'IHHOHUOIO EOXiei'ie!), a He Cb BOp- xobhhhb yipeataeHieMB HsinepiH. Tara, no Kpaihieff M-bpi., ofibHCHiieTb HxncpaTpHna nepejaiy MaaopocciH bhobb bb stAOHCTBO ccnaxa. „Bce- nOAAautftme npocHjb nacb MaaopoccitCKift remain, rpaijib Pa3yMOBcaifl, hto6u MaaopocciBcKia jb.ia Ou.ih nepeueceau hsi so.ueriH HHocxpan- hhxb flta i bx> ceuan. naira... Cnepxb cero Bucoxaftniee name cohsbo- -ienie ecu., eto&e ohuH reniaBb no npimbpy npeaHHxa. remanoBb bB^oitb 6u.tl no ero MaaopocciftcKHMi. AtaaMb BbxaKOMb npaBHieatCTBi, EOTopoe r.iamiuMii Bcoro rocy^apcTsa Hamero uOTHTaerca\". I’oBopa o MaaopocciScKHXT, Abjiaxt, KCTant npnBecTH ojhht, npnsitpb H3t rpa»- ABhckoR ■npaKTHKH cenaTa Bb btoS ofijacTii, npHMbpx, AOKaaiJBaioinift, kskhmt. ninpoKHMi, npaBOMB ro.iKOBaHia 3aE0H0Bb nojibsouajcn ceaan, Toro BpeneoH. Bb KOHnt 50 roAOBb XVIII cToaixiH 3ame.ib nonpocb o npaBi Haca-bAOBama Bb MaaopocciH no nOBOjy ceMeficxBa KanHHCTOBb. MliCTHUfi cyAU pbniH.iH, KOHerao, n o mcjtxcruo jo.iaaio 6htb pasAi- a6hona ocHOBairiH .iHTOBCKaro cTaTyxa, fliScxBOBaimiai'o xorAa Bb Maao- pocciH. Ho ceHaxt, ayaa a^-'O nociynaao na pascuoTptHic, ptmHJi, m. noai3y ue.iHi;opoccificKaro npana, Tara Kara KanracTB 6u-ih bbixoahh, a He npHpoAnue Ma-iopotdane, catAOBaxe.ii.no, AOJiatnu 6u.m noym- HEXBCH o6niHHT. SaKOHAHtb HMliepiH. Qo 3T0My U0B0A)' H H3AaHT, 6u.1T. ceHaTCKiS yaasT, o pasAtat HeABHSHHaro HHtnia, cocxojnnaro or. Maao- poccin, ucatAV HacatAHHKaMii hst. seAHKopocciara He no Maaopoccifl- ckhmi upanaMT,, a no Be.THKOpvcCKHH'b aaKOHam.. Haianie reHepaab-npoKypopa.pacnpocTpaHH.iocb OTiacxHhna aokasau cb. cnuoAa; npn uasHaneHiH kh. UlaxoBCKaro o6epb-npoEypopoub ch- HOAa, eny seatHO 6u.io iioahochtb .potuaju HHiiepaxpuut Tpe3b re- Hepa-ib-npoKypopa ‘). Bb Tevenin hohtb scero napcTBonania, conaTb crp. 68; ipeob ntcsojsKO «efi, 0H1 Joiieo-b ceaepaii-iipoiypopy o aaflxeniioin hot si CHnoji a npocait

— 206 — Birfccri cx chhoaomx 3aHHxaeTca raaHliftiuHsiH Boupocaxu. KacaTe.iEHO AyxoBHoft aiMHHHCTpania. He roBopa yxe o Tout, n o xoBacrapcsia HMvmecTBa, HecHOTpa Ha yHHBToaenie in. 1744 r. KO.i.ieriH bkohohih, naxo^HjiHcs in, pacnopaxesiH cenaift, canoe pacnpejiaenie h aaxf,- meHie AYXOBHtixi ocofix ibcto conepma-ioci. cx ero BtjoMa. Taax, bx 1745 r., mh BCrpiaaeax yaasx o6x yaojiuaeETOBaHiHyepaBei CBanteHHO- H ItepKOBHO-C.lyXHTe.1HHH H3X THCJIB J,iScTBHTejbHO c.iyasamnxx a He cayxantHxx nepKonmiKom, h Afrrefi hxx, onopyteHtH xyxOBHHXx n i x t bt> C.iaBHHo-Ccp6in Bt.ioropojcKOMy apxiepeB, o 3anpentCHiH CTpoHTb aHumia itepKBB cnepxx yRasHiaxx npnxoAOBx, o pocnHcaHix CBameHHO- H itepKOBHO-cjyxHTe-iCH h hxx jtie S kt, uepunanx bx yxaaHOO ohcjio, o AOCTaBaemH ctctobx bx peBHsiOHuyio Ko.i.Terito Ha yxa3Hue cpORH H3x cHHoja h H3X bc+,xx enapxii h ROHacTUpea, o naanaieHiH auuo- uanBH itepROBHO-cayxHTeaaMx, HaxojantHHCa npH mhccihxx, o nopaARi irepeMimoHia itepROBHO-cayaHTeae#hhxxitTefl hsx enapxiHbx enapxiio, o Ha3HaieHiH hbahihhhxx 3a pacnpej'k.MHieHX bx xpycia sBaHia, uo hxx «e.iaHi». Ohx safioraTca, ttoCu npii apxiepeaxx, MOHacrapaxxh HepRBaxx Be 6 m o .ihihhhxx tipothbx niTaTa CBanteuHO- h itepROBHO- cjiy®HTeae8, h npHKasmaeTX pacupejifexHTb sthxx .ihihhhxx h AfcTefi hxx bx Apyria BtiOMCTsah t. a - Ho rjaBHiamaa Alwree-iBHOCTi, ceHaia OTHOcnjiacb kx orpaHUCHiio h pacnutpemio HHTepecoBX npaBocjama, nv- TeMx nponaraHRH cx ojBofl, h saapeTHTeaxHHXx irfcpx ex ApyroS cto- pomt. CeHaix npanHxaeTX ciporia sripu bx OTHCKaniio yiHTe.ie2 bx epecH, npHieax oxh&ko CAepatHBaeTXcxHmKOHx hhjehxx nponOBinHH- kobx—ohx peRoaeHAyeTX avxobuhmx XHijaax BosjepatHBaTtca otx hc- npH.THBHQXX CaHT HXX nOCTTHEOBX npH cxiACTBiaxx HO jtjiaMX pac- RO.ia h ynoTpefiaaTi, ahh oopaateBia safiayAUiHxx, jreax AyxoBHUft, a ne rpaxAaHCRifi. .Thu.imx paauuxx ucnoBiAaHiS, HaxoAantHHca bx I’occiH, CTporo sanpemeHO npeBpamaTt bx CBofi saROHx pyccRHXx nox- .taHHuxx saxoro 6u Hapoja h 3Bama ohh He 6ujh; Aaaie HaroHeiaHX h hjoaohoimohhhkobx aanpeiHCHO kpccthti HHaqe, kbax bx Aorvaiaxx npaBOwaBHO# sipn, h o6pamaTXhxx bx Karo.DreecTBO hah JiDTepaaCTBO. CaiiAOBaTeabHO, Ataie-ibHOCTbio cenaTa jTBepatAajocx bx upeAiaaxx HHHepiH npaso HCE-iDBHTejxHot nponaraHAH sa Haiueu itepKOBtc. 06pamaiou;iecabx npaBocjaBie uo.MysiTCa noontpeuiHMH upaBHTexxcTBa. Bx CMy ceHaTCRaro yaa3a HH03eHttH, cocToantie bx bochho# Cjys6i, no HpuHaiiH npaBoc.iaBia, HarpaatxaDTca cirfcxynmHMX bhhomx; Ta- Tapu, ayBaiun, aepeMHcu h mopabs, npHHHBmie rpeaecKoe HcnoBixame, yBoai,na.iHCb.ihbho otx noAaTeii a peKpytCTBx, a bmIicto hhxx oCntectBa BBCTpyKaia. AouaxB ipeas reaepanx-npoxypopa nua io cawaro Hasaaienia .liaoea oCepa-nposypopoMi.

— 207— AOJibhu 6hjh nocTaMHTfc jpyncxB pespyra h oi6ub8tl aa hhxb no- bhuhocth. Ora utpa, yctaHOnaenHaa j* a KasancKofl ryfiepHia, iiotomb pacupocipaHeHa Ha KHOBtpneBB h apynrxB ry6epHiil, r j t TaTapB, npit- nnMaonmxB Cb. KpemeHie, ueatflo 6u.io ho nacaTb bb nojyniHbifi okjbjb. IIpaRH.ro axo Cu-io pacnrapeHO bb 1756 rosy, Korja sanpenxeno 6h.to B3HCKHB8TB peBpVTB CB HHOB*pi(eBB 3a HOHO-KpeilieHHblXB H3BHXBC6- aoHift. .'Ihut,, nepexojaaniHXB bb xpyria HcnOBtjaHia hst, Hjoaono- K-ioucTna, uejriHO 6hjo ynimanimiH ck-tohhtb kb npKHaTio upaBoc.iaBia. TaKB 6hjo, Hanp., bb CiiiHxcKi, rxb xyBanta o6p*3a.iHCB no naroxe- thhckomv aaKOay. BsmiaHie ceHaTa ocraHaiunBaxoci, h Ha Ooxfce x&ct- hjjxb Bonpocaxt; ero 3aHHnaJ0, nanp., HcupaBjeaic nepEOBHUXB bhhtb. Ohb BO.it.n, npejcTaBiaxi. serxia uepitOBiiua khh™ jih saxtHa hxb hobmmh, aaOoTHjca o pacupocTpaneHiit bhobb nanenaTaniiofi, HcupaiueH- ho8 6H6aiH; H3jaua.ib npaBiua o C.raroHHHiH bb nepKBaxB h CTapgjca HcnpaBHTB hkohoqhcb. He jouycKa« jo npojasH HencKycno nauacan- HblK HKOIIBf '). Bochh&h ajMHHHCTpaipa ho ocTa.racb bb cropoH* otb oro liceofiBex- ■ icmeft jtai'OJBHOCTH. IiaxHtSmie Bonpocu no boohhhmb fjianaHcaMB, o mTaTaxB, oCb othcthocth, npejciaBnaxHCB Ha ero ycxoTptHie *). 06* BOHHCxia K0.i.ieriH 6hjh o6n3aHN erporon orieTHocriio npeiB ceHaTOMB bb jeHeaHHXB cyxxaxB, HaxojHBmnxca bb hxb pacnopase- iiin; ojHaajH, no caynaio joararo HenpHciuasia ottotobb, cenaTB nocjraaB hub rpoBHHft yKa3B, cb npejnncaniexB npejOTaBHTb9th ottoth, bb xeaeHiH jayxB Hejtn. co jhh noxynema ysasa. IIo ero pacnopa- ateniD ipopxHpyhitch noBue noaicH. Ohb sa6oxH,ica o6b otipasoBamH MoaoiesH, npHrOTOBJianmeSea kb BoeHHoB cayasUI; no npei-ioseHm reHepa-rB-npoKypopa HSjanB 6h.ib yxasB, xto6h Hejopoc.ru pa3M*ma- .ihcb ypaBHHTe.ibiio bb MopcKofi h cyxonyTHbig sajexcKie Kopnyca, tbkb hto6h hh to, hh apyroe b* jomctbo He Tepnt.ro HejocraTKa bb o6pa- aOBarauxB oifiHnepaxi. 5'KOMUJieKTOBaHie bojkobb h Ha6opu nno-ra* HaxojaTca bb ero pacnopaxeniH, paBHO kbeb Haj3opB sa co.rjaTCBnxH ') Cp.OrHocETeriaosanitil ceaara nonyxoi 8762, 8768, 8786, 8792, 8890, 8914, 9198, 9249, 9251, 9! 9681, 9722, 9947, 10277, 10337, 10342, 10923, 11085, 11277 h i.*. ’) Haup., oni naiaen npaaaia a&i ornycri maSi-a oUepi-o$Baepoaaai jomh a roaOyprctaro, DpexoicmaeTi onpeitian n

jfobMH. Bi. 1758 r. ceHan. saupemib oupej-kiaTb coajaTCKHxb jciTe# mhmo yipexAeHHUxb iuko.ii. Bb a,pyrin M'fcCTa, npn ieML boohhak ko.t- xeria oCaaaHa flu.ia xoeTaB.THTb out eaerojHtie panopra o toca4 Ta- BHXb jiiefi, OfiyTOBlUHXCa Bb 10x0x8x1 . 1pC3b BtCKOXbKO BpOMOHHBb lUKO-iu oth Re-itiio onpealuaxi. eojjaTCKHn. nf.TeB Mojoate 7 xirB, He HSrlilOIHHXb OTUOBB H KOHXb HaTCpH lipOKOpHUTb H6 MOryTb; 0 CO- croaniH araxi. nraoxb BexiiHo panopTOBaTb ceiiaTy. LTpa HaSopi eeHaTi. npexnacaxB noiaBaxb ceut hbb ryfiepHii, npoBHHUifi h BoeHHoft rOj - jeriH eaceHealubHHe panopTU, no cocraBxeHHoft hub c(iopMt., o cfiopi poKpyTB h cjait bi. KOnaH«n. Hnorja ceHarb coCcTBenHoio Bxacriio ocBoCoiKAaxB on. pexpyTCTBa, 3a>riiHHHjiHinyio iiobhhhocti, jeiieaHOio. Crporo cMOTp'fexb ceiia'rb sa HeOTjyiKoio oiJmiiepoBb H3b HXb ho.ikobb Seal. Ha^oSnocTB h aaKonnuxi. irpHHHm,, lib 1758 r. act OTnymenirac bi. OTiiyr.Kb oifiHHepu oSasaHu fiu.ia aBHTbca ki>hobomv roiy Bbcenaib, nojb CTpaxoMb paasa-iOBama Bb coawth h KOH^ncKapiii jepeBeab; Bb exis,nyn>inejib rojy OHb npe.inHca.ib ocHaTpnnaTi, OTSHBaionaxca fioais- HHMH 0((lHHep0Bb BOeBOAaKb H HXb TOBapHipaMb. CoxaaTb. no MHiHilO HanaabCTBa neroAHHXb Bb cjiyatOi, BexiHO npeacTaa-iaTb na CMOipb Bb cenarb. OfiMynjHpoBaiiie h npoAOBO-ibCTBie apiiiH HaxoAHAHCb nojb ero pyKOBOjCTBOMb, taKb no reHepaAb-KpHrcb-KomracapH, KaateTca, mriuoTb jvfcao Oo-ibine cb HHUb, liart cb BOemoio BO-ixerieio; tohhoto se cjfc- ayeTb aaMtTHTb e 06b Boopyajemn apxin. 06paauu opyxia ofiuano- aeHHo upucuxaJiHCb Bb ceHaTb, KOTOpuft yxe pacnopaauuicao cAi-iaHiii opyatia no BTOiiy ofipaany a-ih Bceft apinia. CpencTBa rocyAapcraa Kb ofiopoHi Boofime o6pamaxn Ha ce6a BHraanie ceHara; Bb 1757 roay, no npejxoxeHiio ceHaTopa rpaijiafflynaaoBa, npeanncano cocthbhtbkom- MHcciw jxa paacMo'rpiHia noaoxenia poccificKnxb KpinocTefi. OfiapB Snaxeib apMiH cocTaBja-rca Bb cenarfc, KOTOpaft, no npeACTaslieHiK) bohhckoB KOiieriH, pacnpejixaxb cviuiy Ha BoeHHUe pacxoju. Haito- Henb, hhhh no npexHeMy cKa3Una.jHcb Bb ceHarf; toxlko npn mmc- paTopi Ileipt III^coHaTCBift ysasb npeAOCTaBHXb npaBO reHepaxb- $e.ibAnapnia.iaMb npon3BoiHTb jo noJKOBHHKa bo Bpeua noxoAOBb, Bb MaKejoHCKOMb, BoarapcKOMb h ipyrHXb rycapcEHXb noxKaxb. flo.ib- 8yacb tbeod BaacTic, cenaTb ysitab coAniniiTb Boemiuft oaeMewn. rpaxAaHCKofi BxacTHTaMb, r j i aroro xpe(kiBajii noabau aiMHHHCTpaiijH. TaKb, MeacAy npoiHMb, BpeAHoe pasbejnHeHie BoeHHofi h rpaxAaHCEOfi BxacTH Bb odiacTaxb 6u.io y'HHHTOxeHO noAraHeHieirb rapHiisoHOBb bo Bcfcxb ryfiepniaxb ry«ePHaT0Paxb ■)• ■) n. C. a .\\y» 8868, 9072, 9126, 9324, 9369, 9447, 9467, 9618, 9898, 10058. 10629, 10539, 10547, 10727, 10730, 10809, 10897, 10898, 10901, 10920, 11847, 11854, 11415.

— 209 — PajoHt cb 8THJIB 3aCoTaan 06b o6meMb rocyAapcTBeaHoxb ynpa- BaeHiH, cb aTHBH eateaHeBHiJMH, Taut CKasait, BonpocaxH, ceaaib ysrkib noHHxaTi, hobhb iiotpcChooth paaBHBaBinaroca rocy^apcxua h cnimoi HXb yAOBAeTBopaiL tIimh cpeACTBaxH, Kasia HMtaHCB y Hero DOAb pyKSMH. Kaauuii HOcufl sonpocb at ynpaaieHUi BtistiBa-rt era yaasb o cocTaRjema nomineein a.ih oToro j1ua. Tara, jpa pa3CM0- iptnia sanyTanHaro 06b OAHOAnopiiaxb yapeaxena hmt, ocofiaa HOMmccia, ciiaoH;eHiiaa iioapo6hod BHCTpyaioeio ‘). Onb He Ayxara o6t ofime-rocy^apcTBeHBUx'i, npeo6paauiiaHiaxi; CTporiS npaKTHEt, ohi do nacxaxb yiOBaeTBopajTb BOSHHaaBmia norpe6noCTii, a H8b b t h x i ■lacTuuxt ero ycaaia, OTAt-ibHuxi t r ip * , co3,raaacb Bnoc-itjciBiH cu- CTexaTHHecKaa Aiaxe-ttHOCTb, nocHBinaa yateHSBicxHHft, onpeataenEHA xapauxepb. K t xaKHXb xipaxb, upeAiipHHaxbixb ceuaToxb, OTHocaTca h Boirpoci. o pasxeaceMHiH roeyaapCTBa !). Kaacerca, Bonpocb o ne- o(5xoahmocth pasxeaeBania bobhukb upeacae Bcero bt>iipoBHHuiH, rA'fc bcb pyccKoe yupaRieeie h, eitaoBaieabno, sexaeBiaatoie 6aao hoboctm), a uoTOMy m fiesuopaAOitb HVBCTBOi».ica caibHie Bcero — hm6hho Bb HurepxaaiaHaix- Iie3nopa*KH Chad 3*4cb Taut seasEH, no seMJH pasaaBaaHCb h 6paincb, h neibaa 6aio aoShtbch, ho MKOxy npasy Haatcxiiaa 3eu.ia DpHHaAae»Hi\"6 B,iaxlubi(y. CenaTb jaise AoaseHb 6tub MAaib ; t m o aanpemeHiH pa3AasaTb 8ex.iH Bb HnrepMaiuanxiH 6cab ceHaTcEBXb ysasOBb. Cb caxaro Ha'iaja aapcmoBaHia E.iHaaBexu 6bua yipesAeHa icaHae-iapia aj« pa3xe»eBaHia sjicb sexeab, a Bb 1746 r. ceaaTb yTBepxH.ib npeACTaBaeraue en AOKaaAHbie nyuKTU. Bb Toxb ase roAy witioajca coHaTcKia yua3b o<5b oxnpiiB.ieniH bo bc4 ryfiepHix x npo- BHBipHHaponUlXb H3b OTCXaBHHXb lIITa6b- H o6epb-o4>HirepoBb H npu HHXb reOAeSHCTOBb Cb KOHAVKTOpaMH, A.ia npHBOAeBia Bb H3B*CTHOCTb h yiHHeHia o6cToare.ibHoA oohch seueab h yrojia. Cb ororo BpexeHH ceHaxb cxoTpuTb y»e Ha paaxeaeBaHie, KaraHaoCmyc rocyAapcTBeH- Hyio uorpe6HOCTb, cTapaeTca o paaxeateBaHiH Bcero rocyAapcTBa, xoth npHBOAHTb BTOTb II.iaHb Bb HCnOJHeHie XOJbKO DO BaCTAXb. r.iaBHOB saAaxewceHaTa, Kaab BHcmarooxpaHHTeaa fiaarococroaHia, 6u j o npeatAe Bcero orpaAHTb BacTaue HHTepecn. Ha BTOMb ocHOBaaiHOHbHe xortra .THiDHTb coOcTBeHHOCTH Aaze xixb, kto He Hxiab npasa BjaA’iTb ne- ABHKHMbiMb HHymecTBOMb, h A03Bomib Hxb DpoAaBaTb ero ao npifaAa xeseBtKHKOBb BbTOTb OKpyib, i'a4 HaxoAHJocbHXbHxynrecTBO. IlaaaBb ■) n. 3. C. » 10662. ’) Koaeino a npHBejy 3»*ci aamt Htcsojjao (fa«ro«» oraocBieabHOaroro npei- aera, bo xextomje nosBaaoBHrica Cl hbbi d.inie norjn ci Cojamoo boimoionpo- niTan. apeBocxojayj) m iw uoiogiaro HenoiBBa o paaBexeaaBiBPoccii, non. n n t. era coiHiioiiiS. i. 1T*JOBCBI0. i. i. 14

— 210 — cneuia.Ji.Hoe MeaeBanie paHune renepaJXHaro, cenan, yae a r m jo- Kiua.Tt cbob) aafioT-MiiocTLo6x HBTepecax'L lacTHUxt Bja.itibueBX, ho, HesaBHCHtco on, Toro, ohx aosboJIux noHtiHHKaKx, ofiMeaeBamuMt vac ospyaHow neaeio, npocnix o ho.to6obhomx paaBOj'i, kokx co6- CTBOHHLIXX la ii DO KptnOCTHMX, TaEX H HBjIHHIHHX'b HpHllipHHXX 30- Meab, co B3HMamejr£ aa nepexoaia boiuh no 3 non. 3a noraopii aeca- thhbi. He 0CTa.THCt Ce3x HaiiiHTu h Braepecu .iHict, He MOryiHHSt xo- aaTafiCTBonaTB 3a certa. IIo upeACTa&aeHiiD lHysaaoBa bx ryfiepncKia MeaeBHH xaHnexapia onpejit-ienn onesysu, ofinsanHue saiunmaib HHie- pecH bjobx, CHpon. h Apyraxx CearjacHUxt .ihux ’ ). Ecah bx H0HTpajn.H0MX ynpaaieHin npaBa ceHaTa hmIiah lanot oSmHpHaS oOxcmx, to bx ntcTHoax ynpaBJteHiH AtHTC.nuocTb ero Ao.iaHa uij.ia npaHflTb eipo (56.ii.iuia pasuipn. .H'iScTBHTe/ibHO, cx ca- Maro nauaaa ceHaix nosafioraaca, tto6u naaHaucHia He coBepma-racb mhmo Hero hjh repoaxain; yate bx 1742 r. ohx sanpeTHAX ryfiepHaio- paMX h Boesoaaiix onrimaTb h OTptmaTt ceapeTapeS 6esx yuasa..ce­ HaTa. To^a apesx am coBepuierao yHHBTOateHO npaao ryfiepuaTopoBx, npejocTaBaenHoe HHX.npu HMucpaTpHuf, Aimf. HaanoBut, onpejt.iHTi. BoeBOAX, h oho Biio.mi iipejocxaB.ieHo ceuaTy. CeHaix bx 9toxx otho- meuiii pacnopaaaaca ipeaBU'iaHHO cbo6o;iho. IIpH AhhA HBauoBfrfe Boe- BOAawx Be.rfino 6htb bx ropo.iaxx no abb ro,ja, noc.it Hero hmx Be- AtHO flBjMTXCK BX CeH8TX CX OTUeTOMX. UpaBHAO 9TO BCTpiTH.IO h4k0- Topua saipyAHeHia npn iipuirtmeHiH ero, ocoOshho bx OTja.ieHHHxx ropoAaxx Hxnepin. Ha stohx ocHOBamH ceHaix pa3ptnniAX BoeBOjaMx Cb6hpcko0 rySepHiH h HpEyrcKOfi iipoBHHiiiH ocTasaTbca Ha Tpn roxa. Bx ocTajitHHXx ropoAaxx ceHaix nameax yAodHHMXociauHTb bocboax Ha Apyroe AByx.iiTie, no npocb6anx smeAeii i t x x ropOAOBX. Oobo- A0mx ex BioMy vKasy 6hao, ho otx „pasHbixx npoBHnuifl h ropojOBX o6uBaTejeS“, bx cenarx nocTyna.™ npocHfa o6x ocxan.-ieHiH hhx soe- boax, sacjyitHBnjuxx pacnoAoaceme araiejefl AofipocoBtciHUMX hcuoa- HeHiesrx cboixx odaaaHHociefl. HaEOHenx, bx 1760 r. ceHaix nocTaHO- BHAX, HTOdU B06B0AH OCTaBajlHCb Ha CBOHXX irtcTaxx no UHTH AtTX nocai nero Cesnopoano npocayatHBnrie hoi’.ih ocTaBaTbca HacbohxxmA- daxx Ha hobos naTu-itiie *). IS.iarOiapa laEony hojihomt noAiHHeHin mActhoS ajHHHHCTpaaiH BHjaMX ceHaTa, ohx xorx cbo6oaho pacnopa- ataTtca no rim, soupocaHX, ROTopuo oopama.iu Ha ceda ero BHHHaHie. 06mHpHoe noAHOMOiie h pf.raHTeji.nua ripu, npunuMaeMua hhotah ceHaTOMX, AOnasuBajm uo.iyxaoTHiecKoe cocroanie cipanu h noxpefi- HOCTb BX TBEOHX 3Uepi'HieCE0MX npaBHTe.lt, EaKOBX 6uax ceHaix. Bx ’) Cp. n. C. 3. JHfc9259,9361, 9790, 9876, 10237, 10349, 10360, 10406, 10410, ’) Cp. n. C. 3. K.K 8550, 8865, 9084, 11131.

— 211 — 're'niHiH Bcero uapcTBOBaHia E.iH3aneTU mu bhjhmx iioctobhhijh ero safioTU o6x HCKopeHeHiu BOpOBx n paaSoBnHiiOBX '), 061 HCKopeneuiH HwneHCTBa *), o bohoihh ora rojioja, oacTo nociinaBmaro noayocijuoe aace-ienie Poccin cx ero nepBoGuTHtiMx xosmhctbomx. OnacHOCTH, lipej- CTaKiaeuUH sthmx crpanmiiMX finiein., 3acraB.1a.iH cenarx upBCtraiL kx TaKBktx MipaMx, kakhxx bx HacTomiice Bpemi lie aosbojuux 6u cerii causa HeorpaHHBCHHuS MOHapxx. Bx 1750 r. ohx Boa'fcax obh- carx xjriiCx y uoMtnufisoBx, y icyiinoBX h iipoMum-iCHHHKonx a.m paa- ,iaiH ero xidahiix HeHMiwinHMx; BH icri cx othmx, noMtniHKaMx 6uxo sanpemeHO BHHOKypeuie, h ohh ofiasaHH (5ujh Be toxxeo kopmhtx npe- OThimx, ao h joti, hmx cixena ua ofic-inenenio noaefi, jo fiysymaro ypoaiaa x.rt6a. Orporo cmotp^xh raiuKe aa riMx, mto6h BjiaxlixMiu HMtxH bx aanaci AomroBHoe KOXHiecTBO x.ii6a na roaHnnoe upojo- BOJbCTBie h Ha fiyxymia noc$BX, ryOepHaTopaxx se npeAiracaHO aoho- cbtx bx ceHara o cocTOHHia yposaa 3). He oahh «mcro upaKraiecKie mothbh pvkoboahah ccHaroMX bx cro xtaTexLHOCTH. Hanaxa ryuaBBOCTH naxo.iH.iH mI cto bx ero Mi- paxx. IlepeiHTUBaa bx nacroaniee BpeMH sth yBasu, cx xxx ctxhmx, HeHaamwuMx H3HK0MX, yMatAaemxcs, ato bth caimexapcidu c|ipa3u AHKTOBaxo rxyfiOKOe cosHame nexoBinecKaro AOCTOHHCTBa b ate-ianie ofixeriHTX yiacTX noAAanHHxx. TaKoe BnenarxiHie npoiMBOjHTx, Hanp., AiarexbHOCTX ceHara no Bonpocaux yroxoBHaro cyAonpoHSBOACTBa. Cy- PObvd npaKTHKy 3aiiimaxo exy npomexniee Bpexa. Eure CBixH 5hjb bx naMHTH OesiHcxeHBua KaaHH BupoHa, cx yxacoKX nepetHTUBaxa Aixo Apremia BoxuHcxaro; cMepraaa sa3ax, miTBa oatHja-iH ceoxxko hhCyax BaacHaro npecrynHHua. Paapaxx rocvjapcTBeHHUxx npeciynxe- niB, nojx B-iiaHieMX raSHOfi KaHuexapm, yBexHHHBaxca Bee Ooxbbihmx hhcjomx npecTynxeHiB, h&cto mhhmuxx. Co BCTynxeHieMx na npecroxx ExHsaneTu bx cenari .'laiiinaeTCa HaPpaaienie, xoropoe CAixaxo fin necrx yneHHEy BemtapiB h Hena. IIo Aoxxaiy reHepaxx-npoKypopa co- croaxca bx ceH&Tt hmchhoB yaa3x o He OTCHXKi bx Ta#Hy» Kamie- xapiio hhcuobx h pynonpHKjajiHKOBX 3a HeyMuraxeHHua obbckh bx iHTyxi ea BexHiecTBa; bx npe*Hee lipeMH bth no.iyrpaMOTHue hhchu coCTaBXHXH npaKTHKy j-ia TaflHoft KaHuexapiii, BUHCBHBaBmeB rocvxap- ctbcbbsxx npecTYBHHKOBX. 3arbnx, bx totx*e roxx, no npe&iozeHin resepanx-iipoKypopa, ceaara HSAaax yxa3x o npHSHaBin Ma-io.if.THHMH 6') noja. Co p.3ak. apexcTasueTixnOomiTBBeHSTepiajunobtomt sonpocy;ho,ho bchiomx cayui, xejaTejiHO, hto6u ora ycHJOHHaaOopaOa ci aeHajfcHUHxHBieaieMi, jaai'a paaoCpaaa bx cbh3h cx coniaaBHHax noxoBEeirieMXPoccih roto itpeMeKn. *) Cp. n. C. 3. KX 8662, 90U, 9053, 9056, 9068, 9191, 9474, 10121 b npoi. •) Cp. n. C. 3. MX 9590, 9615, 9652, 9668, 9709, 11203h t. *.

— 212 — jwjefi oOoero noja on, poatjeHia jo 17 xSxx. Tskhxx na.io.iiTHHXX, bx cjryiai xaauujxx npecxyiueHia, ohx Baji.ii, ocsnCoaxaTi, otx iihtkh h ciiepTHofi KasHfl; bm4cto toto hxx npnKasaiio, naKasara, fiaioraMH H.TU TT.lOTbMH, CCH.iaTb BX HOBaCTUpH Ha HCUpaBXeHie. Bx OJHO Bpexa ci> hthmx yk&30mh ccHan, H3xajx jpyroS, xaKiKe no npexaoaeBiio re- Hepaax-npoKypopa, noBe.iiBamnifi, bo H36imaHio pasuuxx ajoyuoipeO- .lOHifl h cyseScKaro np0H3B0.ia, nojnHCUBaTb aepHOBoa aypH&ix Haxo- flaiUHMCH npH nuTKaxb cyxxaMX, He Buxoja hsx aacTiHRa. Bx 1744 r. cenaTx Be.ii.ix npactuaix ce6i chhceh o6x npecTymraKaxx, npiiroBopeH- hhxx ex CHepxnoa kb3hh h.ih no-niTH'iecKofi cjcepra, u sanpeiHJX nc- noxHHTb Ha^x hhmh npiiroBopu npcB.ie cenaTCKaro yaasa. Btriciii cx 3THMX, OHX IIOJTHepjH.IX CBOft TK93X 0 MaaO.lt,TI1DXX upecTyuHHKaxx. Ipeax nexupe roja ohx bhobx nonTBepjHJX o HenpuBejeHiHbx acnoJi- aeaie cy,ie6nunn siicxaMM apHrosopoBX, no KOTopmcx npecxynBUKH iipneyKiaBica kx cuepxnofi boshb iuh no.iHTinccKofl caepxH, 6e3x 6yxBepxAonia cenaxa; cjtAOBaxexbHO, iJiaKTHiecKH Kaatxoe ckoubkohh- 6yjB Baamoe yruioBHoe x'iao xojaao h.io nocTynaxt Ha era pcaRsin, a KOJHieCTBO CMCpTHUXX npHrOBOpOBXJOJKHOfihl.IOSHaiHXe.lbHOVMeUb- inHxbCJi. Bx 1751 r., cJiflOBaTejLHO, sa xpa roaa jo HSB'icxaaro yna3a 1754 r., cx Koroparo Hama lopucTU o6uehob6hho cnixaiDTx yiiBixo- aeflie y Hacx cnepTHoS khshh (soxopaa BHKorxa He fiu.ia ymnioaieHa opraHKiecEBMX saEOBOBx), ceHaxx Beji-ix ccu-iaxt upecxviiHiiKOBx, upn- roBopeHHHXx bx cxepxBOfi xasHH, bx PorrepBHKx sa pa6oTy, cx npo- H3B0»aeuieMX hkx sapadoxaanuxx jeHerx. To * e canoe fiu.io cjtiano OTHOCHTexxBO noj-ieaiamHxx cMepxaofi ks3hh npecxynHHKOBX, cojepsa- ihhxcb bx CbShpckoS h Acxpaxanciio# ryfiepHiaxx, r x b hxx npmta- saHO ynoipefixaTb Ha BaseHsua pafioxu. ITo OTHonienifo kx KeanjHHaMX ceHaxx nome.ix eme ja.itme; bx xomx se rosy ohx npHKasajx npe- CTynHHux, npHFOBOpeHHHXx kx cMepxHO# KE3BB, He cctuaix, bojoSho npecxynHHBanx bx PorrepBHKx, a oxcu-iaTb hxx bx Ch6hpx, Ha atirrse. Hpesx aba roja aocaijOBajo jua, Bucoiafime yiBepatjeHHHXx, jotraja cenaxa, hsx Koxopuxx ojihhmx onriBCHo OTciieme pynx thskbmx npe- cxynHHKaux, npHroBopeHBUMx kx cciUKi ua B'iiHyD pafioxy, a ipy- i’hmx npHBa3aao HKeHOBaib noxHTHiecKOio CKepiLD BOSBejeHie na bh- ci.iHuy a noxosesie roaoBU na nxaxy, npaneux sci uojoCnue nparo- Bopu, paBBO kbkx h nparoBopu kx naxypaxbBoS cnepTH, BexiHO, He npHBOja bx BcuoxHeHie, npej,cxaBjaxt Ha yTBepatjeHie ceHaia. TaKHMx ofipasoMx, BucoiaSmaa pe30.muia noiiBcpABxa to, bxo 6h.io yao BBe- X6H0 bx cyjefiHTio npaKTHKy h onacxH bx saKOROsaxexxcTBO jiaxexx- hocxxw cenaxa. Ysasx 1754 roxa Oo-ibme paamisaix exy pyKB; bx 1757 r. mu BCTpiiaeax yae ero jm x, koiopumx npiiKaaaHOxaaKHXi, npocTynnnux, no HaKaianin KnyroHX, cciuaxi, bx CnCnpb, ne Bupuiiaa





214 — AiaxeabHoem yayamema ^i-iairacHno aaciaMX, nsx-OTA'fixbBHxxnpc- o6pa30BaHi8 cociaiuaeTca ofimaa cyaaa nporpecca. Eaie at 1753 rony cenaTX iipeACTaBHjx nanepaTpmil, o6x ynHiToacHin BEyTpeaaBxx Ta- MOKeHHHXX MejOBHUXX cfiOpOBT., T8KX CTiCHaBmBXX paaBHTie BHVTpeH- neft ToproBiH. Howaji btom. nojyun Bucoiaftmee yTBcpatAeaie. Do Bonpocy o aapoAHOax o6pa30Baaia mosho h jojkho pacnpo- CTpaHHTBca. Bnaacaie, npiuaHHoe rpaaiAaucEofi jiaTC-iBBOCTH saua- Tiasui ceaaTa a saaieuieMX rpasAaacaaro aaua reaepajx-npoaypopa, AoaatHO 6uao nepcBBaTi. aa c.iyafiy aaoro .™nx, hoax BjiHaieax npeacHaxx aoaariS ciHTaBmHxx Boennyc 'AfeaTejbBOCTb BAeajoax Bcero ayaniaro. Ca.naoe pa3BHTie rpamaacTBeaHOCTB BUSBaao naao- Heut noaueHie aepuaro aaaiero yaaBepcaieTa, uoneBH'rejeHX bab KypaTopoMi, EOToparo cxfcUHX oabhx aax nepiiuxx Beabaoax Toro BpeaeHH Miiam, HBaaoBnax IIIyBa.ioBX. yaaBepcHTeTy bcx6bo 6inx nojx yupaB-ieaicsn. ceaaTa. HeAopocjaax hsx abophhx, kotophxx ao Tix x nop;. pasMimaja Oo-itmem aaciiio bx KaAeTcaic aopayca, ao3bo- jeao odyaaTbca ax Mockobckobx yaHBepcnTer6, cx upon;iBoiKAeHieMx axx bx bhhu. Caopo nocxi ocHOBaHia yaaBepcaxeTa, no npeAdmjeaiD H. H. IIIysaJOBa, ceHaTcxmix yaasoax yqpeatAeHa bx C.-UeTepftyprk aaaAeaia xyAoaecTBX. 3aTiax, cenaxcanax xe ynaaoMX, yapesAeaa bx Kaaamt raaaaaia. Bx 1760 rosy ceaaTx se-iiax cobhhhtl a npeACia- BHTb cefii ana™ a n.ianx aah ynpeatjesia rasniasiB a maoxxbx ry- 6epaiaxx. He aeaxiayio 3a6oTJHiiocTb oax BiiKaaHBaJx h bx Bonpoci o HapoABbixx niKoaaxx ‘). 3a6oTAHBOCTb ceaaTa aacaeica HHorAa aejKEXx noApofiaocieS aapoAHaro Ouxa a npoMuaueaHOCTa; oax ksabax yaaax o cjwpat cy- jobx aa Bo.irt, o6x ynoTpe6.iema BafccTO Acrra BopsaBHaro caaa npa BHAtaKt k>$tb h Bcaaiixx soacx, o CTpoeaia aomobx bx AepeBaaxx a noropf.Bimixx ataaxx no npeAuacaaBOMy many a t. a. ’)• Taaoe paaaooOpasie npeAMeTOBx, bxoahbihhxx bx apyrx BiAOMCTBa ceaaTa, TpefioBajo no.iaaro uOABaaeBia eny aouerifi, a AMcTBBTexbao, bx TeaeaiH scero BToro BpeaeHa Bet aacTa ynpaBjeHia aaxoABJHCb aoAx CTporaax a AiBcTBaTe-ibBiiax aoaTpoxeax ceaaTa, He roBopa yate o6x o6hehob6bbo8 omeniocTB, oaa ofinsaHU Shah npHcn-iaTb eay eateaeAtaxaHH bIiaomocth o6x BBtiomeSca y aaxx aa mno gfi- aeateoft aaaai. To »e caaoe aojibchh Obiaii xiAaTb a rydepacaia BiAOK- CTBa a yapezAeaia. KtCTanx-aojaeria a Bci cyAefiHua atcia aacTO noayatAa.iacb Hax ax CKoptftmeay pimeaiD a*-ix o<5x apecTaataix a ') Cp. n. C. 3.K K 8579, 9054, 9532, 9553, 9972,10064, 10065, 10080, 10558, 10776, 10360, 11144. s) Cp. D. C. 8. JL't 10214, 10324, 10366, I0S78, 10383.

— 1‘ 15 — ofiaaaau 6u.ra npejcTaMan, euv lacTUii b$,iohocth o inert pimeH- hhxb h He pimennuxB j i n , h o hxb xoji. Huor.ia ceHan. coKpa- 8roajn, b h pacniHpan Kpyrb BiaoKCTBa KOJueriS h jaxe npeo6pa30- BHB JX. hxb yipexiettie. Bt. 1760 rojy, 6eprB-K0.i-ieria 6iua nepe- Bejena hmb bb C.-fle'repfiyprB, a bb Mockb* ocTaaiena ea KOHMpa. Bb tomb m e rojy bb ea BijOMCXBO OTjanu HepumcKift h EKaTepHH- SyprcKia sp.iOTue apiacKH. CocToamaa npa CenaTi Koueria o lionuii- hsxb yHHMTOJKOHa 0MB, a BirtcTO Hoa ytpexjeHa KOMMHCcia o KOJt- aepaiH ')- Bb TeqeHiH Bcero iiohth uapcTBOBaHia E-nraaBeru, Bci oth ofiniap- Hua npaBa ocTaanct nenpHBOCHOBeHHtiMH. HiaoTopoe coMninie mBO- jhtb yipexjeme, tskb uasuBaeMOft, KOH^epeHiiiH npn BucoiafimeMB jBopi. 'lacTO bb a e it xothtb BHjiTb HiKOTopoe nojo6ie npeatnaro Kafiaiiexa; MHorie jaxe upanHcuiaKiTB ea yipexjeHie Tony o6ctoh- TC-ibCTBy, n o nMncpaTpnna, no paacTpoeHHOMy sjopoBbio, He noraa yxe 3aHHMaxbca ji.iaMH BMicTi cb cenaxoMB, nojsepxHBaTB cb hhmb npaBHabHua oTHomcHia, ycTaHOBHBmiaca cb caaaro naiaaa ea papcTBO- Bania, npa nocpejWBi reHepajB-npoKypopa. MoxeTB 6bixb, axo npej- nojoseme h HsrfceTB HisoTOpvio jo.no irtipoaTHOcra, bb tomb cNuojii, ito HMnepaTpHua xc.ia.ia ycTpaHHTbca otb j i n , npejocTaBHBB ce6i ToxbEOrfe, KOTopuaoco6eHHO ofipamajui aa ce6a ea BHHMame. Mobbtb 6nTb, Ha'iaao ceMH.iiTaen boShu, sanyTaraHa OTHoraeHiacb sauajHHMH aepxaBaMH, HeofixojHMOCTi 3opEO c-iijHTb sajBHxeHiara apain, yitpi- na.iH 9tv p'lmiHjiocTL. Ho hh hsb ysasa, yipejHmnaro KOmJ>epeHiu», hh hsb ofipasa jiflcTRia caxoft KompcpenniH, He bhjbo HaMtpeHia bb icmb HH6yjb yMeHbniHTb BiacTb cenaxa. Bb cnxy ynasa o6b yipesje- HIH KOHlJiepeHlUH CeHSTB H CHHOXB H HXB EOHTOpU CBOCaTCH CBE0H((ie- pemueio SKCTpaKTanH hsb npoTOKOJOBBcbohxb sacijarrift, a kb KOJ-ie- riaxB, apyrHMB nojiHHeHHUMB yipexaenisMB, MaaopocciScKOiiy reT- MSHy, KOH^epeHiiia nmnera pecKpunra, hs Koxopue ohh OTBiiawn, jououieniaMH. Bb KOH^epeauiH, CKoabEO mo* ho cvjhtb hsb ysasoBB, BUmexmHXB hsb Hea, saHHMajHCb 6oJbine Bcero hhoctpshhumh cHome- HiaMH, BOeHHHMH BOnpoCUMH, clmpMupOBaHieMB HOBHXB IIOJKOBB HT. n. BonpocaMH, HBimnHMH, Moxen, 6htb, OTHOnreHiekb ceMHjtTHeft no0Hi, norxomaBmeft Tor^a Bee BHnxaHie HMnepaTpHUH. HanpoTHBB, otboch- xeabHO BHyTpeHHaro ynpaniema, paBHO eskb sonpocORB Bniranefi h BBvxpeHHeS* ToproaiH, KoniJ>epeHnia Hinero ne pasptmaexB cans co- fiom. Bb 1761 r. samja bb HeS pixb o HameS loprobali neHbKOD, 0AHHMB HSB BaacutfiniHX'b HpejMeTOBB OTnycKa. KoHifiepeHuia noc.ia.ia atccxpaKTB H3B cBoero npoxoEoaa bb ceHaiB, r j i roBopirrB o neofixo- 7, mis,

— 216 — AHMocth dojhhti, Hamy ToproB-iro iienbEOB h npoAO-isaero. m um o6pasosn>: „h xoth cie toaho npHaaAAexiirb ao KOHMeput-KO.i.ieriH h npaBHTejbcTBVDiuaro cenaTa, OAHaxose a sonijiepennia, c-iurna o Tosn., He Mem,ine as ao-imhocth HaxoAHTca wttb Baatuaro Alia He npoiiy- caaTL, ho npanHTMiXTByioineMy ceaary ofiiaiiHTb cooe tamme, ato KpaaHHH Hyaja HacTOHTi, KpeAHTT, sxiniHcS neHbRH BOSCTanoBHTb, a iiaae eatejH ce# c-iyxi ocHOBaiejeHi, Hi aeMy tojl fioibine noA03pf,- Hia eCTb, ATO HSBtCTHHM-b o6pa30Hi OnpeAt-TeHH Bi Clio AO.I1BHOCTL Taaie jdah, koh oraromeHu hhothhh apjthmh j&iaMH, h HBAofipo- BOALHHMi orb xyueA.ecTBa BH6opom>“. Bto yate He toht. xafiHiiera h BepxOBHaro TaaHaro coBiTa; bto He BHaMeMTuft y rn i 06% yqpe»AC- uin peiceTMeicTepa npn BucoAatttneirb jBopfc, aah upiesa saaoSi Ha cenaTi. *). Casia HMuepa'rpHHa He nepecTana-ia cniraTb upaBHTeibCTByionuH ceHan, h buchihht, npaBHTeabcTaeHHiiMi mI ctomt, h r.iaHHUUT,(Iiiocth- TeaeMi 3ax0H0Bb. 3a ABa roja ao CBoefi kohahhu, aoab lierpa UeiH- Karo, xaxi 6yxTo npeAAyscTBya cbob CMepTb, eme pass nopvAaera rocyjapcTBO noBeAeHiio ceHaTa. Ha Hero BoaiaraeTca oCasaHHOCTb bob- CTaHOBHTi, HopaAOBT, bo Bcfcxt AacTaxi rocyAapcTBGHBaro ynpaB-Teiiia, Pan.jHAHua xicra xaHuitiecTa yxa3UBaioTb na nonatie HMiiepaTpiinu o ceaart. „CeHaTy nameMy, nasi nepBOMy rocyAapcraeHHOMy jrtciy, no CBoeft ao-ihchocth if no daMHou eta c m u jaaao 6% uaiweaiajo HCTpefiHTb MKorie iio hoaahhohhmmi, eiryMlciaMi nenopajEn... Hone.it,Baeai, chmi Hameuy cesary, xaxi hcthhhijmt, a'^thmb oTeAecma, Boofipaaaa j o i n Bory, rocyiapciBy h saxonaKi TocyAapa HxnepaTopa, Hamero AtttSeB- Hifimaro poAHTe.ia, xoropue mu bo BceMi cbohmh iiOAHTaeux, Bci cboh CHAU h CTapaHia ycorpefiHTb x i BOBCTaHoxieHin ateiaHHaro HapoAHaro SaarococToaHia'1. Buahcaxh npeAMem, Ha KOTOpue ceHaTb AOAseni ofipaTHTb CBoe BHHMaaie, HMnepai'pHua He nponycxaerb hh OAHoro HBi BaasHuxirocyAapcTBeHHUxi nonpocoBb. CyAi, xaseHHueHHTepecu, B006me (JiHHancH, napOAHOe 6.iarococTOaHie, Hafiopu, co.MHoe H bhh- Hoe ynpaBAeHie, atcTHoe ynpaB.ieuie, MOHeTa, see bxoahti bl ary nporpauMy. Ci hobhmh ycH-iiaun AO.iseBb 6u.n, npnHarbca oai sa Alio, KOTOpoe OHb Bejb ym e ciHmicoti'b ABaxHaib r k n . BrAaAUsaacb b i 3HaAeme, npioOpiTCHHoe ceHaTOHi bt, bto napemo- BaHie, HeAb3aHe saxtTHTb AByxi xapaxTepHCTHAecxHXi olScTOHTejibCTBs: Bo-uepBuxi, SHaAeme-ero xaxi npaBHTe.ibCTB6HHaro m4cth npenumajo ero cvAefiauS xapaxTepi; npitSHaHHufixpaHHTejbsaxonoBi, ohb, Apeai renepaji-pexeTMeScTepa, noHyxAarb noAAHHeHHua KOJ.ieriH h K#Hne- aapiH Ki exoptftmesfy H iipaBH-ibHifimeMy OTnpaBAeniio npaBocyAia: ') Cp. n. C. 3. m 10621, 11180.

- 217 — no, bx iHCJi ero coCcTBeHHHxx otwsaHHOCTeS, c y ie G m n iacTi, saaa- Ma.ia TSEOe ae Mfeio, Han't h bc/Ii apyria qacm vnpaB.iouin. Mu bh- A'fcjH, no npa BaajuBecTBt KafiHHeTa, Koraa hack pasaiaoBia BaacTe# cmjtho npoaBiaaact bx 4>opirJ> 9MaHCHDaaii r.H.itH-feftiuHxx KOA.ieriA hsx HOAX saBHCHMocTH ceHaia, act ycH.nia xaux, yupaHAflBinHsx icaOii- hoiomx, 6hah nanpaii-ieim kx tomt, ito6h CBeeiH ceHBTX na CTeueHt cyae6naro M$cia, h to 6esx npaBa OKOHiaraatHaro plmieBia atax, Taax Kaax aa.ioGu Ba aero hphhochjhci. bx Ka6mieTX. Bci MaHwJiccTU, bc£ B033BaHia orKocaicji kx Bonpocaux upaBOcyaia, bc6 BuroBopu ai- .iaRiTca cenary aa Het'Kopoe p’feiueHie a’feax. Ecjih A^aTC-ttHOCTt Kafin- H6Ta He cooTBircTBOBaja ero DpeTeHaiaux, ecjH, necMOTpa aa CBoe yuRxcHic, cesaTX npoxo.iauux 6utb cpoaoToaieMx » amhhHuTpania, »to aaao apHOHcaTt Tony oftcToaTeJitcTiiv, hto maohu aaCHHera xe.ia.TH ynpaa-iaTt, He paaa'haaa TpyaoBX ynpaiuenia, KOTopue ohh u.'&jihkohx iipoAOc-taB-iajH cenaTy, hah, nipnie, ceHaTCKofl iu>Hue.iapin. Hanpo- THBX, H3X npHBOjeHHUXX BUme fatETOBB H H3X JiaHHlJiecTfl HMliepa- TpBUU BOXHI) BHA’AtX 8TO npBBHTBAM'THfiUHOIl, IICCKOnTpOAHpyRupee B HanpaB.iaioinfic aHaaenie ceuaTa. Bounds, kto xoieix nosHaKOMHTbca cx 8THMX yapezuemeax, aaEOBO oho aoaxHO (iuix no MxeaMX fletpa. AOxaeHX oCpaTBTtui ko BpeueHB KaHaaBoiu HeTpoBnu. 3to bohetho. UpoTHBonoaoaeHie napa h ynpaBaenia, ae HctipaB.KHHoe, Kaax cTa- paeTca AOKaaaTt Mbhhxx, a, HanpoTHBx. ycHaeaaoeKaCHHCTOMX, 3Kcn.Toa- THposaHHoe miocTpaaiiaHH, HaKOHcpx npHBo.io kx peaKiijH. Otx hiihh- CTepcTBX, bx sanaADoax cuucjrb 9Toro c.iosa, Poccia neuepHy.ia kx ueTpoBCKOuy ceHaiy. 9ro saamuo BOBBpaTMTtCH kx HCXOAHOMy nyaKTy npeodpa.iOBaTeAE, a nymm arorx, kekx mu bha+.-ih Bume, 6u.ia Taae chctoue nopvienifi, KOTopoD xepxaxact cTapaa pyccsaa ajKHHHCTpa- pia, ts ase HeofixoAHMOcix t4cho8 cbesh MeatAT papeax a ero cehobhh- KaaH, KOTopoio OHafittia caatHB. T. KaBeaaax cupaBeAXHBO3airliHaeTx, tto cx EaH3aBeTU HaaaaaeTcn nocTeneHHaa y6u.it nnocTpaniiaro Baia- uia. Ecah yOuji, aia ecTt npHananHuft ()>aKTx, to Heo6xOAHMOBUBecTH aaiuioacnie, hto mu B03BpaTHjacb kx HapioHaAtHtuix Haqa-iaMx: Raida ae 6hah oth Haia.ia? CeaaTX, ocHOBaaHU# Ha cacreirfc popyqeaifl, u rn CoapiaHHt, KaKX hbsubbjih ee HacMt.riiHHKH Bpeaeax EaaTepHHH II, b Ttcao CBEsaanufl cx BepxOBHOD BxacTiio .iHaesix reaepa.ix-npoKypopa. :>th abb yqpeaAeaia ynpaBaaiOTX Poccieio aa cxapoux. npHKBSHOHXHa- aaji. Yaacu BjaAUiecTBa auo3eimeBx noKasaxa Har.iHAHO, hto npHHE- tue aa B$py HHoaeaaua yapea,Aenia He BexyTX hh kx aeuy, npoH’t) KaKX kx fijaronoJiyaiiD atcKO.UKHXx qecio.ii)6aeBx; koiah aaui.m pint, xote h cMyTfro, o fixart HapoAa, npain.?octofipaTHTtcskx toAcHCTexi, kx KOTopoS HSAaBiia npaauKx wapoAX. roptKHMX ohhtomx yfif.AH-Tiici, bx tomx, hto yxoaema He na^DTX naKSKoA irtnu, ecxn lie npejcTa-

— 218 — bahbtx Boiuomema napojHaro xapawepa, fro npaBHie-ibCTaemtua yipe«A6Bia toabko TOM* Moryix upmiecTH HCTHHHyio noxtsy, aorja HAJ’TX BX ypOBCHB CX TpefiOBamBMH BpeMCHH; TOAbKOTOI’*a CTaUOBETCH ohh jif.HCTBHTejbnuMH opyAiaMH nporpecca. •IflM'fc'iaTejbHOTaase to, tto reHepajx-upoEypopx no Taaoft cieuenH c-imiaoTCii n ccHaTOMX, mo AiaiextHOCTb ero, no Kpainea irfcpi bx OtfKpllniaJlI.lIUX'L JOKVMCHTaXTi, Tfecno CJIHBaeTCH Cb jiaTfeHHOCTiB cc- Haxa. Bhte MOiseTx, npn ofluapoiouauia reHepaax-npoKypopcRoft nepe- iihcbh, ofinapyaaTca nlncoTopue AOtiaju, npoTHBopJqamie oiJiiJiHiiiajb- HUM'b aKTaMx; ho H3BicTia 3TH 6yjyi% HHf,Tx CKOpie HCropmecKiS, ilisn, ropHAmecKiS xapaarepi. Bo bcheomx cxyqai, He nOAAexirtx coMH'iiHifo, mo bx TeqeHiH ABaanaTH -rtrt saEOHx npnsHaBaxx to.ii.ko oaho Bijcmee HicTO yupaaienia—cenaTX, n a b Koroparo hcxoahjhBaa- Hf,ftraia pacnopnaeniii. ^.ea oaesieHTa—jihthij8, bx aunt, renopajix-npo- Kypopa h KO.ueria.iF,nufl, bx Amtfi ceHa'icsaro npHcyrcTBia, ho toabko He BpaatAyiurL, ho AMcTByDTX Biifcrfi, cb no-iHirax coaHameMi, mo cnxa hxx saBHCHPB otx hxx opraHuqeCEaro coPAHHema. Maxo-no-nax? A'feaTe.iLHocTB DTa Aonua ao toto pesyxbiaTa, tto ceaaTx hckakiqn.it B08MOHCHOCTB Apyrnxx BucuiHXT, vqpeaieHifi, a reHepa-TB-npoKypopx BO3MOJKH0CTBnpaBHTCAbCTKeHHHX'b-1HI(X, Af,fiCTBy»mHX:XHOMHMOCOHaTa. CeHaTb Hcqepna.il, HOjxeriaxBHoe Haqaxo; reHepaxx-npoKypopx Haqa.io AHqHoe; memo ceHaTa h renepa.Tt-npoKypopa Hexxsa nailra APyroro yqpeiEAenia h AHua, EOTopovy 6u mobho 6hao npaicasaTt PocciB. Ecah, tbehhb o6pa80Ht, ceHan, cocpeAOToin.ii, bx cefi-6 Beet nopajOKx ynpaBAema, ocHOBaHHuS Ha KOAAeriaxBHOHXnaqaxt, a reHepaxx-npoKy- popx coBMicTHJi, bx ce(5i act Ataa, Tpefiyiomia .ureHOft xtaTeAbHOCTH, TO 0H6BHAH0 HAeH IleTpa 0 KOHTPOA* HOAHHCTB$ aAMHHHCTpaipH(SHAH BHOAHt AOCTHrHyTH. ,T,f,#CTBHTeAbHO, BHt CeHaTa HiTX npHSHEBOBB He TOAbKO CVAefiHOfi HaAMHHHCTpaTHBHOft, HO Aaate H SaKOHOAaTeAbHOfl AiaT^iBHOCTH. Ja«e Bucoiaftraie ysasu odtaBjaBTca toabeo ceHaio- paxH, npesHAeHTam Tpext nepBHxx KOxxeriS (m-e. Tasse qxeHaira ceHaTa) h renepaxx-npoEypopoMx. CocraBjeHie HOBaro yxoaienia (5hao nopyqeHO ceHaiy. Dopyqeme bto, sanx hsb4ctho, He hm* ao ycnfcxa. Othochtb stotx Heycnixx ex HecnocopHOCTHcenaia <5uxo 6h cxHmKOMX OHpoMeTqHBo; mu 3HaeHt, hto hohhteh Apyraxx ahux h Apycaxi, yqpeaAeHifi otahheahcb t 6mt, a e HeycoixoMt. BesnAOAHUMH ocTHBa- ahcb 3th nonuTKH ja s e TorAa, KorAa TeopeTHqecEoe HanpaBxeme bb saKOHOAaTeibCTiit, B3a.to Bepxx a, Cb >J)opMaAbHOfi ctopohh, ofiAeriHAO A^ao EOAHijiHEaHiH. HanpoTHBi., cenaiy npHmjoct AtficTBOBaix bx to Bpe«a, KorAa upaKTHqecEifi MaTepiaAx He 6hax eme totobx, KorAa qacTHue c-iyian oTKpuuajH see (Mutuiio a 6ojbniie npoftfexubx 3aK0H0- AaieAbCTBi, naEOHeux, KorAa no CBoe»y upaKTHqecKOMy nanpaBAeniB

— 219 — Bet yipeacAeHia ofipamajH BHHMaaie Cojliub na cojepaiame, bIisie ua <iiopiiy. Be Kasjoai rocyjapcTB-6 CuBaen, BpeMa, KOrAa AiflxejEHOCTE yapesjeHiA, uycTucuiHXE ray6oKie Kopan n't aapoAHOME cosiiaoiH, oft.ieKaerE aupaCoraHHiia npasTHKOio noAOJKoaia be ifiopjay saaona h, tbkiime ofipaaoME, coraaiuaeTE topiiAHaecKiA MaTepiaaE, C.nmift be BapoxaoMy cosinuiiio u era HHTepecauE. HosAaifimaa KOAHifintaHia 11 TeopOTineoKie Barjiaju AOBepmaioTE jiao, naiaroe bthmh yipc®AO- niaaH. llo TeopeTHiecitHME BsraaAaME na cenari. co BpeMeHH Ilerpa I, nocToanHO BOBJiaraaH na Hero £&iot be iioropoMy ohe ne 6h.ie npH- 3bbbe—eMy uopyia.sH jijo , ej;Ba coBepmenHoe ape3E cro TpiijuaTb ■liiE iior.it, peijiopMu, a HCTOpBiecKaa noiBa, Ha KoropoA ohe ctobae, CB88b ero ce npeAaiiiaaH cTapoS PocciH, nepexojE oxe KOTopoS ne 6u.ie eme coBopmeni be TpeOoBaBiaxE sbshh, Hara.iKHBa.n. ero na npasTBiecKyio A'taxeiiBHociB, Roropoft ohe otssucb conepnieiiiio h necE Ha naevaxE cbohxe be xeieHiB ABaAUaiH Jr&TE. Be uaKoA n ipt fiuaa yaaana »ta A lu n ejttn o cT t,, aro apyroft nonpocE, paspinienie Koroparo ho bxoahte be saAaiy aroro coBuueuia, ao ae-JEsa ne upHSHaxE xoro. wo 3Ta AiaTeaEHOCTE CAi.ia.ia bo3moikcumii peiJwpHu EsaxepHBH II. IlepexOAE ote papcTBOBaHia EaBsaueTH be peijjopMaME EitaiepHnu 3BHBTE HeupOAOaaHTeBEHHBE BapCTBOBEHieBE Ileipa III. OnpejiMTE xapaBTepE ero xpesBuaaSHOxpyAao. Be nrecTH-iricaBHEi8 cpoKE CBoero napcTBOBimia, ohe ycn&jE be 8HaaBTe.iEaoft cTeneHH BOKasaTE BaK-iOH- hocte be cHCTearfe ipHApHxa U. HeH3frfca!HiiS cnyTHHKE BcixE nojofi- bbixe chctome, oCoco(5.ieHie Boeanoft h aAMHpajTeficKofi soxieriH, no- caiAOBaAE totboce nocji ero Bcxya-ieHia na npeero.iE; jOKjaAH hxe y*e upjiMo HAyTE EE BMaepaxopy, MHuya ceHaTE ‘). Ho, Birficri ce sthue, coxpaHiieTCR a vBaatenie be aiOMy yipeacAeiriio. Oaho B3E ao- BipeHHiAnraxE .inhe, r.i4(5oBE, saHHuaeiE Micro reHepaaE-npoiiypopa. HMneparopE, be naiaaf, croero napcTBOBaHia, ymiwosaeiE BOH<])epeH- uiw npH BucoiaftiueME ABOpi h ofiEaBaaerB, „wo othhh£ HUKanoro oco6-niBaro coBixa bah KOHijtepeHHiH ne 6yAexEu. CenaTy jaeica bobo- jinie cocTaBHTE KomracciD am o6cy»AeBia cpeACiBE be yayiuieHiio <J>.TOTa h Apyryio yaynnenia boAcke ’). Ho, bca£ae 3a riBE, ceHara npec.iiAyeTca, KaEE ihcto cyAe6Hoe Micro, 3anecKopoe pimeHie ii.iE, npBBa3EiBaeTca yxpejHTE hobhA AenapTaMeuiE A.ia CKopiiinaro okoh- naHia 3auyB(eHHUXE a£-*£ a, HaKOnenE, npa ABopi HMnepaxopa no- aBJraeroa hobuA cosiTE, 3HaieHie KOToparo uno.rai cooTBiTCTByeTE KOHijiepeHHiH, xotb ce HicEo.iEBo 66.IEBIHMH npaBajra. CoBiiE yipea:- Aaeroa AJia bochheixe AiJit HMnepin. „tIto6'e Maovia Hama ke nojtai >) Cp n. C. 3. SJS 1X452, 11458, 11467, 11468, 11470, 11475, 11480, 11552. ’) Cm. n. C. 3. XK 11418, 11442, 11461.

— 220 — h Kt c.iant Hunepui Hamefi h ki, fi.iaronojyiiio irhpHbist nojiannusi, npiiHHTaa HauipeHia Han.iyome h CKOpte lit jM ctbo irpoHSiiejemj 6 u n HorjH, to ng6pa.in uu TpyjHTbca nojt coScTEennuMt Hannort pyKOBOACTBOMt h npH.ipIiniem. na.it Mnomun jo Toro npHHajxeaiamHMH ai.taxH...“. IIopajOKt ciiomeHia coBiTa ct jpjthmh yapeatjeHiaiiHMMne- piH irJicKO.fiiKo nanoMBHaoTt j ante K & CH nen. „Hcxojaniie m i cero Mt>CTa JK83H 6yjem> mh nojimeaBaTb namem pyicoio, ho o fl-fe-iaxt ueHLinefi ihikhocth 6yjyrr> ohh h ojhh nojiraeBBaTt o it naiuero HMeHH ho Bei MicTa, noneMV Hcno-iHaTb Kant no naimim, coficTseHHHHt yaa- 3am,, a panopTU na to nucaTi. pexaniaira npocTOHa nsia name, ajpecya 00 1 0Bt KOHBeprt at naineMy TafiHOvy conpeTapio Bojikobv\". 3tott. Bo.y- KOBt, no cjronasn. MuHHXa, K HiaTe. .H oBxajtxt joBtpiera MOHapxa h wli.ia.ica HceciuiinijM'L rt. ynpaBJieHia. Eme 6o.iie yMeiibiiiHJOCbssa- nenie coHara noc.it> yuana, none.it,Bmaro eny „OTM>jb He H3j&B&Tb Bt nyfixHKy raraxt VKasoBt, koh bj>HtKOTOpaft saKOHt hjh xoth b i noj- TBepajeme npeatniixi, c-iyataTt, ho npejcraBa Hanepejt Ham, a He nojTyia aa to anpo6ania“ *). Bo Beanom, c.mat, HOBTOpaeMt,TpyjHO onpejixHTb u c n n u ttiir xa- paaTept BToro napcTBOsama,—oho 6hxo cXHnwom Heiipojo.ixnTe.ibHo. Ho yace Htarropae asra iipejTiimaxH HOBoe Bpena. H,eBTpaxH8aiija, ocHonaimaa Ha neTposcKaxt Hanaxaxt, T.-e. Ha npHBBamH ncero cxy- atHxaro cocxosia Bt ojho srtcTO, cncTeiiaTHiecKoe o6e3.uojenie ofixacTeii, aomxH jo spafiHHxt npejfcxoBt. Bojt Bxiamem, ceHaTcaaro ynpasxe- Hia, noHtcTLKh otixacTH HOHeMHOry Haiaxa HanoxnaTbca jBopaHCTBom. HitKOTopua noxaneflcaia ofiasaHHOCTa, nanp., oCaaaHHOCTb CHOTpiTbsa noBejeniem KpecTtaHt, cnocofcrBOBaTbnomnti bopobt>h pa36oSHHKOBt, nacTO Boa.iara.iHCb ceHaxout aa 9T0mtciHoe jbophhctbo. IlpaBHreabCTBO yate jyMaerb o HeofixojHMOcTH nojHarb bkohohhaecBoe (SxarococToaHie jBopancTBa, Bt Koneut pasopeHnaro npexHeio cncieMO*) cxyatfia. Oho TTpeatjaeit jxa BcnoMorneCTBOBaHia e«y CaaKt, OTjaHnafl m pacno- paaeHie ceHaia. UpexHaa cypoBOCTL, ct EOTopoio npHSHBaxocbHoxojoe jBopancTBO Ha cxysfiy, h CHCTena HaKaaaniS sa HeaBsy nocTeneHHO cvaraaiOTca nojt Bjianiem ceHaia h reHepaxt-npoKypopcxoS ajMHHH- CTpauiH SToro cocxoeia. Bt Komii japcTBOBania ExH3a8eTa BCTpiaaeTca ceHaTCKiit yuast, kotopbmi>saupeipeHo nncaTbHejopoc.iefl, HeaBHBimixea Ha cMOTpt, Btrao bx coxjaia. ysast arort Tim, sauiiaTexbHte, wo hmt> hoith oTMtHajoTca cymecTBynmia ysaKOHOHia no sToay npejMeTy coficTBeHHOK) BxacTiioceHaTa, KOTopaR BMtcrfi ct bthhi, nojnect joiuajt HMiiepaTpmit, oOt yTsepatjeniH ceiiaTCKaro pacnopaKema *). HBienie ■) n. C. 3. 11422, 11538, 11558. ’) n. C.3.1511197,np»Ka3UBTaKOBuxtaeiopoueB,aoakiocuoipv HeeumiHCb,

— 221 — bx BHCincft CTeneHH 3an'ti‘iaTe^tHoe! CeHaTX ycTynaerx ecTecTBeHnOMy CTpcaueniio cayKHaaro coc.ionia, He oyBCTBya, tto, BMicTi cx pocnv- ckomx ero no jiOManx, cacreMa ijeiiTpaahHUXT. yapeat^oniS AO-ixsa cnaf.no bhaob3x £hht&ch; cenaTCKO-KoaaeriajLnoe ynpaaienie cx npHttaa- Husfi. ana'ieHieMt norao aepaaThca jhuib jo tSx x nopx, noaa ctojhhh npoAOxwajiH 6uti>cpOAOToaienn. ABopancTBa. JlHueHHoe 3Toro naTepia-ia, oho Coj-feo h 6oaie npHnnna.ro xapaKTepx Kaiinejapin,— hto AoaatHO du.10 HirflTb tfeHCHHCAHMUfl irOC.l'kj.CTKiif B'b HapCTBORaHfO KrtaiepiiHU, KaK'B hu 8to yBHAHirB hhHit1. Ho, CCJW cenaTCKOfl ynpaBaeHie nojroTO- bh.to peifiopMU noc.if.ATE)m,aro napcTnoiiaHia, He.ikia ne cor.iacHTf.ca, n o cetian. HeyKJOHHO Beax noaiHHeHHoe exy cocaosie kt. cBOfioA'h, paaonx fipaBTHaecKiixf, tr&px. Ohh hoboxh kx H3BtCTH0ay yxasy IleTpa III o japouaHiif bojiluocth h cboSojij uccmv pocciScKoxy ABopaHCTBy *)- Bx \"meat mothbobx btoto ifpcxpacHaro yaasa BticTaBJtaeTca; mienuo to oficToaTeabCTBO, hto ABopancTBO jOKasajio cbod roroBHOCTt cay*HTb OTe- necTBy, tokx hto yse h$tx 6ojie hcoCxoahmocth aaKptnomaTf. ero Ha cjyxfiy cTporHMH saaonauH, Kaax 3to npHHyatjeHx Guax A'baaTt UeTpxI. TaKx noaoseHX 6uax nepBufi marx kx ocBo6oas£eni» nepBaro ro- cyAapcTBeHHaro cocaoBia otx Taraa, naaoKennaro Ha Hero eme mocbob- ckhhh uapaxH. ^BajHaTL aiTx CKoabKo nn6y^h npaaiubHaro rpasaaH- cKaro ynpaBJieHia, ipesx ceHarx h renepaax-npoKypopa, cabaaaH B03- MoxcfffjMx 3T0 jbao, neMHC-iHMoe npn BOeHBO-HHOseHBOHX HanpaBaeHiH npejniecTByfOinHxx Tpexx papcTBOBaHifi. 9totx anTX bx uapcTBOBflHie EnaTepHHU II noseax, xaxx h cabaoBaao oxHjaTL, k x cosaaHiu ry- depHift co BcbxH ea mIicthukh HHTepecauh. Ho sro 6biao toabko 6m - aiaiiiuee nocabjcTBie; bx OTaaaeHHOMX dyjymeux BHABiurocb nocTeneH- Hoe ocBodOKjeHie Bcixx rocyaapcTBeHHEixx cocaoBifl h nocTeneHBoe Bojeopeffie rpaatjaHCKOfi cboCoju. KOH^ap«aoir ■) H. C. 3. K 11444. ^

9II0XA PE-fOPMT. 30 Y?PEJE3EHLff MHHHCTEPCTB'B. Bx cTpanaxx, ynpaB.M»HHXca HaocHOBamn npaKTKHCCEHxx cooCpa- ateniH, M'Lcriiiixx yAodcTBX, nexocTaTKit axiraHHCTpanin pfypto bbivtx bx HSMineniioBcefi chctomh ynpawenia. HanpoTHBX, rocyAapcTBa,ynpeat- AOHia KOTopux't cocTaB.iaDTx HCEyccTBemiyc CHcreiiy, iipmiHCbiB&nTX act He/OCTaiKH HeeoBepiueHCTBy bto8 cuctbmu h AyxaDrx yCTpaHHTb hxx, h3m4hhbx ee bx u'Iuocth. Dona rocviapcTBeHHoe paaiiHiie, coBep- maeTca nyieiix opraHHiecKHiix, Kor.ua bt. homx yiacTBVDTX Bet. Ha- uioHajbiiua chxu, CKjaar. rocyjapcTBeHHHft, h.ik cHCTesia ero ynpaB- -leHia ofipasyeTCH m6jjohho, nacTO nosaMtTHO, thkx hto ncropia 3airb- 'laerb ee toabko Torja, Korja ona, bo ea Hirfiniio, Aocrur.ia no.inaro dxecKa, i.-e. Korja bc6 Hanaja, pyKOBOauBniia ea pasBHTieicx npoBe- jeHH ao noc.iijHHXb rparaiyx, Korja chju, ea oCpasosaBima, joimh jo nocxiAHeS cieneHH HanpaaeHia h totobh yate nepefcrH bx jpyro# ipasncx pasBHiia. Bx thbexx rocviapcTBaxx CHerest asdtx ciixaTb Bee, hto efi hbao, HeToponacb liOAcraBHTb na ea nicTO jpyrofl wexa- hhbhx. CyAbfia BHcaHHbixx ynpeaxemS coBepmeHHO xpyraa; ex dojx- numx TpyAoat yAaeTca upHsitmiTb hxx kx noTpeSHOCTaxx odmecTBa, CAtxaTb hxx AiScTBHTejrbHUHx ijiaKTOpoiix odmecTBeHHaro pasBHTia; Ha bto HvaHa nfintHpHaa uparoTOBHieJibHaa pafioTa. HaKoueux. OHa KOHHGHa; ho botx HiEOTopua aioynoiped-ieHiH ocTanaB.THBaBTx bhh- MSHie saBOHOAaTejbHOt BaacTH. Kaxx hxx yCTpaHHTb? Hfrrx HHiero aerne: ctohtx to.ibko iiepCA^aaTb CHCTesiy, 3aatHHTb ee jiyqnie» a Bee bao dyAOTx HcnpaBjeHo. Hdopia npeACTaMaeTx hhmx mhoto npmrt- PObx rocyAapcTBX, Koiopua huh Ttsix a spyraMX nyieux; bx tomx h ApvroMX caynat ohh Hyatjaaiicb bx paaiHHHHXx aaeHeHTaxx. Bx nep- bomx caynaf. rocyAapcTBeHHoe pasBHTie obhpmocb Ha mapoKoe cojift- ciBie nauioua.TbHuxx chjx h fibi.io KpiiCKO hmchho otobj HanioHaibHo- CTiHt; bo BTopoHx, oho HyaiAajiocb bx coBepmeHHOMX ycTpaHeaia Hania OTX HOJHTHH6CKOH JKH3HH H OHHpaJOCb Ha A'liHTC-TbHOCTb OTailbHHXX saKOHOAaTejeS. Taax vcnlixx saBHCHTx otx ahbhoA aneprm h enocod-

— 223 — iiocth Hau,iH, AJia apoiHOcra xaKuxt yipeacjceift HeoOxojHMa npHBNiKa rpaxnaat s t cauojiHTajbHOCTH: HaH.iyqmee saxecTBO rpaxxa- HKHaccTt ero naccoBBoext, GesjuraocTb. Hat enpoiie8ciEHXt rocyxapcTBt iieMHoria Bt iHCTOTt pasiiHja TOTt hjh xpyroB ram; oCuaHOBemio ysasusaioTt na Anrxin sast Ha DpexcTaBHTe.ii.HHuy nepBaro, Ha ^paa- Hi» Bast Ha ofipasHHH'i. BToporo. OcTajiLHMii rocyxapcraa nepexojH.ra ort oxaoro at xpyroMv, h HSMt.neiiiii axt npejcTaaiaioTt ho aaxo saTpyxaeaifi xx» Hcropumi. E t racay TasHxt rocyxapcTBt npHHajxe- acHTt h Poceia. Ha aopsuS Bsr.ia,nt, Bt Teqeiiiii XVIII cTOxtoia Bt ncB upcofiiaxaert TeoperaTecsoe paaBHTie, ho npii fijiiatafimcMt h3c.it,- XOBanin osasHBaeTca, hto sthmh HHOCTpaiiHUHH <|>opMyxaMa paspfeoia- xhcb 6o.ibine» aacTiio crapue nauioHajbHue Bonpocu h, psxoMt ct araat HaiuoHaxbauat pasBiiTieat, mxo ycHjenie Tasaxt Hasa.it, so- TOpua oaeBHXHO npHHaxxeaaxH ayacxoMy Hanionajwoay xyxy. UoTpeCnocTt upeofipaaoBanifi npofiyxiuacb ct HeyxepssHMoio chjiod bo scefl EBponi Bt doxobhh'Ii XVIII ct. Kaxxaa cipaHa npexcTaBxaxa imepraiecearo rocyxapa, hxh cnocofwaro MHHacrpa, cTapaaniaxca ofi- HOBHTb CBOJO pOXHHy.Hpco6paS0Bauin3TH, OHCBHXHO, H0CH.THOTnCHaTOKt KanacxapcsoS xiaTeatnocra. I'xaBuaa Hxt saxaia fiuxa OTCTpanutb aapoxt OTt BCHKoii rtaa yiacTia Bt ynpaBieHia, non, npexxoroxt XOCTaBxeHia eay nanCo.n,ineS ctmmu fixaronoxyiia; net Kopnopapin, co- cxoBia, rx i csoxbso-UH6yxb ocraxocb eme uphbotkh st caaoyupa8.ie- Hi», cTHTajacb o6iieTiiia.TLiHH ocraTsaHH cpoxHHxt BisoBt, uperpaxoio EopoxoBCEott Bxacra, a, cxixpBaiejbHO, Kt o6ineay rt-iarocoCToaniio, sast nonHMaxH ero sopoxa. 06menpeo6pa30BaTe.ii,Huit xyxt socHyxca a aa- mero oreaecraa. facTaue HexocTaraa Bt axaHHHCTpapia Heaex-ieHHO sacTaBH-ia saKOHoxaTexbcTBO 0Taa3aTbca OTt npesiiefl CHcieau a apa- fiirayTt s t xpyroft. Ho, apa nepBoat Bsrxaxi Ha 8Ty cacTeay, aexbsa He ynHX'feTL Bt Heft XBoBcTBeaaaro aanpaBJCHia. Oxaat paxt sanoHO- xaTexbHHXt j'f.ScTniii opraHiisyeTt aauioaaxbHua ch.th, npoxo.iataa xixo apoinexnraro BpexeEH a noxrotOBxaa BosaostHocTb CyxymHxt pe- tjiopat. Apyroe xBaaeaie saKOHoxaTextcraa cxyatHTt Bipauat OTaewr- soat Teoperaiecsaxt axefi, BupaCoTaHHjjxt aa sanaxi a npamexmaxt ua cxtHy iipeatHHat Hxeaat. Bt oxaofi sacra npoofipasOBaHiii mojkho iipocxfexHTb pasBHTie a paspinieHie BonpocoBt uaniett Haniona.it,hob HCTopia, xpyraa sast CyxTO TopoaHxact pa3ptumTb BonpocH, toxheo hto BupafioTaHHue 3anaxHOio Hayaofi, tokbso no nocraiaeHHye aa pas- pimeHie saaaxHbixt xepisaBt. Bt oxhoA roBopaxo xexanie 6.iara Ha- poxy hoCniecTBv, Bt xpyro8—CTpeaxeaie6uib uporpeccaBHuat bo hto6u to aa ctsjo. CTapuS, asxasHa TaayBHiiflca soapoct o cxyxaxojit co- cxOBia pasptmaeTCH cosaaaiesit ryfiepiiin, xsopaacKiixt a ropoxcraxt ofiaiecTBt; Teopia ^paauyscsaxt ny6xanHCTOBtoipaxaiOTCa na peijiopMi





— 225 — Ahti. iio OT.vIi-ii.HUMT. asTawL, BxyMUuaTLca bb cmumb CKOpfce iiojb- thkh, 'it.mi. saKonojaTe-itcTBa EKaTepHBW. IIphtomb, cb nocTeneHHUMt ynHiTosteHieMT. ito.i,ierift, eii npHinaoci. iiMf.Ti, aft-io cb t-Iuomt,, HMtio- 1HHMB lipano Iia3UBaTI,GH CKOpt.e nOJTHTH'ieCKHMB, >rflMB aJlMHHBCTpaTHB- nusrb, ocofienno npa tomb sHaiomii, Kauoe oho nojyiHJio bb uoc.rIuHee KapcTBOBaaie. jfie.iaa h3mIwhti> HimoTOpua neiipaBHinniaca efi Be«H, OHa ;i.o.iiKHa 6u;ra upHfrkrHyTb k b Mfipam,, Koropun hochjh ua ce<!i noanraaccKifi OTneiaTOKB h bhxoahjh hsb pajy oOuKHonennuxB npa- BHTejbCTBeHHUXB M'ipB. lIOCTenCHHO BUpafiaTURaBTB. OHa CBOS B3r.lHJ,T, Ha nCHTpajbiroe ynparuenie h ncpeatauBaeTB ero no nacTauB; ryfiep- Hin cpasy nojym.in cbo8 ycTaBB h, fl.iaro;iapa yKa3aHnony nume o6ctoh- TejLCTBv, o6pasoBajH TOTnacB TaKyxi CHCTeay, Kaitofi oacnaaja EnaTe- pHHa. HaiipoTHBB, bb nonTpa.TbnoMB ynpaB-retuH y hch He fiujo iioibu; cb ojhoB cTopoHU CToaja Teopin, KOTopyio OHa we.ia.ia ocymecriiHTb, cb xpyroB, ijiupMu, BupafioTaHHun ne ctojilko noofime ajMHHHCTpaTiiB\" hok), CKOJifcKo KaHne.iapcKoio auniHMO a ohutomb. H»b othxb jnyxB BJCMeHTOBB, BB KOTOpHXB y»e HO 6bM0 HH'161'0 HaniOHajbHO-HCTOpH- necsaro, ona ,T.o.ia;na 6bua BbipaOoraTb cHCTeMy. .pfe.io TpetioBa.io ne- OfiHKHOBCHHNXB yCHjift, ofipeHCHHTejIbHHXB jaate ilia oSlHHpHHXB CHO- coOnocTefl HMuepaTpHUU. Ycn-iia bth He cosAa.iH mncro erpoBHaro, 8a- KOHaeHuaro, ho 3aT0 buoihS npnroTOBH.iH noiBy jaa nocrfcayiomHXB npeo6pa30Bamft. MIihb .najbine yrjyO.iaeMca mh bb papcTBOBaHie Ena- TepHHU, rhMB pfenc CTanoBHTca paa.iiciie nex,\\y en noanriiKofl otho- CHTe.ibHO M-tCTUuxb ynpeaucnift h xapaKTcpoHB nenTpa.11.nuxB m*ctb. 9to hohhtho. M£cthuh i[peo6pa30iiania onnpajHCb Ha MicTHoe 3excTB0, npciCTaBaaeMOe hrophhctboub; pcuTpaJibHua ynpex.ieHia, HanpoTHBB, Bee 6o.rhe h 6ojfie xapaKTepn30Ba.mci. cbohub KaHne.nipcKHMB nace.ie- uicHB. Piisne Hii.ia.iocb nporaBono.ioatcnic Heathy rocyaapcTBOHB, upej- CTan.TiieMUMB ueHTpaJihHMMB npaBHTcjbCTBOMB h ero opraHaxH bb ry- CepniH, h cosAanniHMCH o6ihcctbomb cb ero aexcKHHH HHTepecaaH. IIo- HBTie Pcxy»amiB“ nocTenenHO npHCBOHBaeTca lipaHiiTe-ibCTBeimuMBop- raHaMB, cocaonnaro SHaneuinoho yate ne mriseTB. Ecjh 3aKOHoaaTe.11.CTBo BToro BpeHeHH KJajerB oc'hobv nponHUXB MtcrHUXB ynpeiKAeHig, to, cb jpvrofi CTopoHU, oho we ycn.raBaeTB sHavesie THHOBHHiecTBa, stoto nB.icniji sui generis, OTntjanmaro 3encTB0 otb BepxoBHoS B-iaciH. Cb OTOTO BpeMCHH jaxbniftraaa cyjfcfia Poccin cTa-ia saonc-iiTL otb 6opb6u 3THXB AuyXB (fiaETOpOBB, 0K0HHaT6.TbH0 CfOpMHpOIiaHHUXB—SeSICTBS, nano.iHaion(aro ryficpHin, a niHOiiHH'iecTBa, iiaiKunnioinaro Bucmia Kan- ue-iapin. Ycn'IixB seMCTBa saiiHcb.iB otb fidxbmaro cocpeHOTOieHi* seM- ckhxb chjib bb ryfiepiiin. otb aa.ibirhftniai-o oopacoBaniii h e^HH006]>a3- aaro ocBofioaaeHia cocaoBiii. Ue3B cnoComiaro ce.ibCitaiD Haceaeuia 8eM- ctbo CKopt.e ycHJiHBaeTB neHTpa.Ti.nua yipeacjoHia, v6mb xaerB hmb

— 226 — npoxHBORicB bb yipeatjeHinxB 3eMcnnxB. Cauaa oprairaaauia nocie- lieHHo ofipaayioinHxca sexcKHXB cowoeiS jluaeTca ne bb bhauxb aoM- cehxb ycTanoB.ieHiii, a bb HmepecaxB neuTpa.ii>utix-i. aaauexapifi. Oahhb npauipB Aocraiorao AoxaaseTi dto; bb anoxy cHXBfffcfiniaro ro- cnoACTBa neHTpaAbHuxt ycraHOMeHiii ofipasoB&iocb cocaoBic rocyiap- CTBenuuxT) kpecibiHB. IlycTB Ka»AHH cp&bbhtb opraggsagiD BToroco- c-iOBia cb IIo-ioatoBicHi, KpecTbHHB, BuraeimHXB nat aptaocTHOfi saBH- chuocth, btoOm yfriiRTbCH, Kaitaa Kopemiaa pa3HHna xesAy bthxh ABjg a KJiaccaMH. Hgae mh B03BpaiH¥CH kb atony Bonpocy, xenepb ae oSpaTHBca kb peitopaaMB geiiTpa-ibnaro ynpaB-iesia no yipeacjema o ryfiopHiaxB. Bpewi, npoBejennoe inniopaTpimerj bb PocciH «o BCTyn.ieHia ea na upecTO.TB, ho ocTajoct flaa gen 6e3B boabsh. Ea npoeanaTeabHug BsraajB iipHCMOipiacH kb pyccKiisn. a.ianniicTpaTHBHUMB nopajKaMB, CHOTpufi yMB ycntjiB naftTH bb hhxb 3aoynorpe6jeiiia a HHoroe apH- AynaTb aaa hxb Hcupaiuema. TaepAoio pyKon B3aaacb ohs sa rocy- AapexBeaHoeAiao; He c.ia6aa iKcummia aac/fejaaa bb cesaxi cb 1762 r„ a oahhb bsb onuTHiSniHXB axMHmicxpaiopoBB h saKOBOAaxeacS. CaMa EKaxepgna SHaKomiTB aacB cb cbohmbbsi’-maomb na TorAaniHDio ajNH- HHCTpapiio. Qaoxoe cocxoagie cftHHaHCOBBg ([mnagcoBofi ajMHHHCTpapiH, HeBbiaocHMoe no.iojKenio MoneTHaro jiaa h, pe3yai.TaTB Bcero sToro, oxcyiCTBie Kpejnxa, ocTaaoun.in Ha cefit ea BHHuagie '). Canary Be Obl.10 Aaac BB TOXHOCTH HantCTHO KOXHXeCTBOrocyjapCTIieHHUXB ,10X0- AObb. MiciHoe ynpaBxeHie npejcTan-iaxo Taaate aaao yrfcnmTejbHaro; onpejiMa bocboab, ceHaTB He SBaxB KoanieciBa ropojOBB gxnepig, ne hm£jb peecxpa bxb h jaate napTH Poccig a). Ho SojBine Bcero ee nopaauuH 6c3nopa,|KH geHxpaxbHaro ynpasaegia a caaaro ceHaia. Bb cegax'6 A lia He <5njm paa.iijeHH; ohb cocxaaiaaB oahhb senapxa- hchxb h, cjyrnaa gi-ia b^ hbohb, a He BuuHcaaMH, saxexiarb jtxo- npOHSBOjCTBO ao apesBKiafiHocTH. Bnpoaeirb, sc i sth hoaocthtkh Aenco xoxno fitiao HcnpasHTb. H3B camixB pascxasoBB HunepaxpHuu mosho BHfliib, w o He oahhb cenaTB 6hxb BHHOBegB bb neiajbHOMB bojo- aeHig (JiiiHaHCOBi; HanpoxaBB, bb Teiemn nponuaro g,apcTBOBagia, ohb ') Pyccail apxaai 1885 r., B3X- 2, crp. 479 „cyxonyinaa apaia » Upyccia He noiyiaaa xajo.ani* aa tpem. Bi craici-aoaiopi K»*n.iue yaaau na Bajaay 17hu. pyCaefinesHnomeimuc. MonerBHft»op%co apeHenn ttapa Aaeacta Max.cm- Tanileaen si oCpaneain100Haa.,nai EOTopuxi40noiHraja aumeimnnHB3iHanepin aoni,soneze Torja aesceiwaro odopoiara«o aonce nemajH,m6o miuoynoTpetoiH. Hoain art orpacanTopron.ia 6aaHOTjann aaCTHmnn u n ai aononoain, Taaoxan accB Hanepin cenaroai «aaa iaHa na erayni aa 2 ana.; 60 a., aoa ocra.mct as nanepiu Oujie 12 paanun atcoai... HaneparpanaExHaaiierancaaja, ao Bpeaa cenn- *) Cp. id., cip. 480. * '° 01 \"a ™ 06 ',‘\"’ 0C‘ \"

— 227 — cocTau.ia.ib ein,e 3.ieMeBTt nopajKa, EOHTpoxa a 6epeat.THBOCTn, Bb cpaB- HeHlK Cb T’llMTi, HTO CTOH.IH pMBUe Hpe.’lMeTIJ H XHUa, Ha KOTOptie oin> He v o n hm'I'.ti, axiaaia. OcTaxbHbie lipexMeTu—MOHeTHoe ynpaa- je aie, jonpon3BojCTBO, bhvtpchhiok) a;imniHcTpanito hobcho 6hxo HcnpaBHTb lacTHUMH iHM'hHeiiiaMH. Ho HaatpeHia HMnepaTpHpu huh rjiy(5*e bthxi aoBepxHocTHuxb CeDaopaxEOBb. Ho ea Hawaii), ceHan cxamKOUb cocpexoioraib Bb ceC'h yapaMeHie, Ko-oeria cjhdikomi cxa- ,incb Bb ojho nbaoe, Tain, mto BbjoMCTBa cb Tpyxoab mojkho Cu.to yse pasjiHiaTb. Bb 1764 r., Bb y sa si 06b ofiasaaHOCTaxb Kanepb-Kox- aeriH, HMnepaTpana rOBoparb, oto KOJueria ara He acnoxaaeTb o6a- saHHOCTeft, 803X0*80611X1 Ha Hee yHasanh IleTpa, bto OBa noiepaxa cnocoOnocTb coOcTueHHofl HHunjaTHBbi h saaHHaeTca ojboio nepenacEOio. „Bb cie (SesxoxBHoe cocToanic npHBexeaa ona, MOaceTi Cutl, nbicoio- puMif h HeyBaseaiaMK orb Bunraaro Kb aefi apaBHTeabCTBa, a orb Toro BKopeaeaHoio npHcyTCTByBmaxb poOocTbio. son Hcnoxnaa tojt.ho oxroi iiacbuaeMbie k i hhmi yKa3u, a He cjrfuorb a opeHeHu He HMirorb mhckhm. o HsoCpliTeniH cnocofioiib k i xocTaateaiio rfx b xaxbaaxb HaH'bpeaifi, koh b i ofibaBxeHHOHb perxaifeHrb H8o6paseHu“ . Eme KaTeropaante Bucua- SHBaerca HMnepaTpHna Bb xio6onuTiiOMb ,ioKynenrt, n3iitcTH0Mb noxb Ba3BaHicMb „ccitpeTBl;ftniaro HaoraBjenia KHS310 BaseaCKOxy“ . h.ih hh- cTpysqiH, aaHHOft eny npa BasnaTonin ero reaepaxb-npoKypopoMb. Pt,3K0 BbicKa8HBaeTca OHa npoTHBb npeofi.iajaiomaro saaaeaia cenaTa. „Bcb M'iscTa h caMbift ceaarb bhihjiii nab cBoaxb ocHOBaaifi pa3HUua cayiaaMii, KaKb' HenpweacaHieMb Kb xf.jaMb Moaxb atKOTOpHXb apex- KOBb, a Co.rte cxyaafiauxi npa aaxb -iioxeS npacTpaCTiaHH. CcBaib ycTaHOKxeHb x-ia Hcao-iaeHia saKOBOBb, eay npexnHcaaHHXb, a oab ia- cto BUxaRaxb aaKOHbi, pasxaBaxb hhhh, iOCTOHUCTBa, xeabra, xepemm, OXHHMb CXOBOMb BOOTH BCe H yrfiCHajIb Iipolill CyXefiHHH StbCTa Bb HXb 3aK0Haxb h npeHMymecTBaxb... Hpesb Tania roBCHia HHSHHXb Mf.CTb ona npauMH Bb TOXb Be.iHKia ynaxoKb, tto h perxaseHTb BOBce nosaCbixa, KOTOpuMb HOBCji'lmapTca: npoTHBb ceaaTCKUXb yKa30Bb, ecTb xh oHue ae Bb cnrh saKOHOBb, upexCTasxaTt Bb ceaaTb, a aa noo-ibxoKb a Kb Haab. PaCoxbncTBO nepcoHb, Bb caxb MtcTaxb naso- xaaiHXCa, BeonucaHHoe a .yoOpa omaxaTt He hosho, noita ceS Bpexb ae upecbaeTca; oxaa (jiopHa xauib KamtexapcKaa Hcno.iHaeTca, h. o6xy- MaTi> eme a HUH'b npirao He cabioTb, xoia Bb tomi aacTO aaiepecb rocyxapcTBeHBbiH cTpa»xeTb.“ Ha btomi He ocTaHaBXHBaiOTCfl onaceHia HHnepaTpaaii; npHKa3Huft xapaKTepi cenaTa, ero pouvoir discretion- nairc, npoacxoxHBmifi TacTbB o n neonpex'h.ieHHOCTH ero OTHOraeHiB Kb BepxOBHofi BxaCTH, xacTbio OTb uo.maro xoafepia Kb Heuy liOKOfiHoft mmepaTpHHbi, itasaxca ea ytty, npHBHKinfisiy Kb sanaxHtiab noxaTaae- cKHMb KaTeropiaMb, KaKHHb-TOuocaraTexbCTBOBb aa BepxoBHym B.Tacxb, 16*

— 228 — Moaen. Curb, npoAOJataeiB OHa, n o h <j i .noSoiecTia hbhmb >ih- hbmb npeatnie npasrtpH npexecTHu, ojuiano ate, noKajrfccTb a ataaa, to ocraHeTca Kan aoaib bcahtb. PocciScsaa Jlxnepia ecra croai oflnmpHa, n o KpoM'li CaaojepaaBHaro focyAapa, bcjikui Apyraa cfiopua npaB.ieuia BpeAua efl“ ... *). Bo bcakohb caynai, asinepaTpana BHAt.ia bb cenari yapeatfleHie, HeeoujrfccTHoe cb ea bhaokh, h fliaTeabHO npRiia.iacb sa ero peiJwpMy. Bt, lein, ate OHa BHi'taa cpexcTBO kt> aroMy? H$tb coairtBia, qxo jyqinHMB cpeACTBOMB ocaafiaTi, caay aToro yqpeatxeuia 6wio BujtaHTi. hsb HeroTpH, caiuiaHHUa bb HeMBBAacTH. CricHiiTi ao ipesBUMftiiocTH saKOHOjaTeatHTiD ero MHHiiiarHBy, opra- HHBOBaTb aAHHHHCTpaTUBHyJO BjaCTL OC060 OTB Hero H CB6CTK ero Ha SHaaeHie M’hcTa cb cyAefiHUJtB xapaKTepOMB, botb saAaaa, KOTopyw npeAnoaoatH.ua ce64 EaaTepHHa h xoropyio OHa Buno.THu.ia bb TeneHiH csoero uapcTBOBaHia. IIpeaiAe Bcero oiia nosaOoTHjacb o pasAtAenin A^-tb bb caMOMB ceHaTt, coo(5pa3Ho ea bhaahb. B b 1763 r., trtAOBa- TexbHO, Ha Apyrofi toab hocj-6 BCTjiueHia ea aa npecroaB, mu icrpt- qaeMB yace saanuft hbtb o6b ycipoBcTBi ceHaia *), ta* BHcKasuBaerca it castuB BsraaAB EKaTepHHH Ha ero HeAOcraiKH. Beit npaBHTe-ibCTBeH- huh h cyAefiHua uicTa, no CAOBauB yaa3a HyatAaiOTca bb npeo6pa30- BaniaxB it hxb o6niie HeAocTaTKH HaraaAHte Bcero uoatHO bha^tb Ha npHMipt ceHaTa, KyAa BCTytiaen,Tasoekoahtcctbo paanooOpaanusB a'1ab, TTOHCIlO.IHHTt HpilHaTb HXB K8KB CjhA!«Tb, 6u.lO fill BMIlie CH.IB 9BJ0- Bf.necKHXB. HaBTOMBOcnoitaniH, HMiiepaxpiiua npusHaeTB nysHUMB pa3- AiAHTb ceHaTB Ha 6 AenapTaHeHTOBB, hsb kotopuxb KaatAuS aoibchb HMtTB cBOfl poab 3aHHTiB. Bb cnocoSt pa3A§AeHiasaHHTia MeatAyAenapTa- MenraMH bhaho yate aexanie ntiAiuHTb aAUHHHCTpaTHBHUHA to bb oxHy rpynny, nocTaBHBB bo rxaei ea caMoe AOB-fepeanoe ahao—reHepajiB-npo- Kypopa. Bc4 iiaatHtSniia Aiaa rocyAapcTBeHHaro ynpaBxeHia oineceHU kb nepBoxy AenapiaMeHiy, npn kotopomb h uoxoxeHo coctohtb reHepaaB- npoKypopy. Cdak OTHeceHH rocyAapcTBeHHua BityTpcHHia h HOAHTHaecKia Altaa, KaKB, Hanp., rocyAapcTBeHHua b^aomocth o much HapoAa, nox- HUHCB*A*niH 0 BCiXB HpKXOAaXB HpaCXOABXB, A^Aa HOrepOABAlH(T.-6. 0 BCeMB ABOpaHCTBi), HOCHHOAy CB nOAHHHeHHUHH HtCTaMH, HOKOAAe- riH 3K0H0HIH, HHOCTpaHHUfl il'M CB DOrpaHHBHUMH KOMMHCCiaMH H HO KaiiHe.ijipiH oneKVHCTBa HHocipaHHUXB, no xasiepB-EOJAeriH cb Kopteu- HUMH A’fe.taMH, no p0BH3i0HB-B0AAei1H, HO HITaTCB-KOBTOpi H COAHHOft KOHTopi h no xaHiteAApiK KOH(|>HCKaiiiH, no cespeTHoft h Tafluoft SKcoe- MyatecKa uoaa AyniB, no HOHeTHOMV ynpaBjeHim cb npHHaAAesantnHH ') Op. n.C.3. Jt.’e 12118 a 'It.o6n(.hct. n ip. pocc. 3a 1858 r., M. I, exp. 102 *) n. C. 3. )» 11989.

k i Heuy sucueAHujaaa h no (Sepri-KOAierin, no paBAHiRUMi saBOxaMi, no KOMMepui- h no naHyi}iaKTj,p't-KOJjerigiii, no MarHcxpaTaMi a no CaHKoauMi KOHTopaMi. f j u jBopKHCTiia a KycciecTBa. TaKHMl o(5pa- 30m , neb iiaataliMiiiia xb ja no BayTpenHOMy ynpaB-ieniio a, otiocth no BHlimBHMT. caomeaiaHi, no <|>hHaHcanii, b i caMOMi mnpoROMi CMHC.ii 3Toro c.ioua, rpynnapyioTCH yate BOKpyn o.iBoro MOrymecTBeH- uaro Anna, xoth a sacAOHeunaro xenapTaMenToai — reHepa.rt-npoKy- popa. C l SToro BpeHeaa, o a i y *e npexcTaBAaera ho oxhhi hsi ajie- moiitobi ynpeatxeHia, c i KOToptrai obi ibcHO CBasaai, a nocmcnmm endnjiatoutiuM BMMemm mvnaio ynpoexeuix, ocaoBauauB yace ae Ha CTapoMi npHKasHOMi, a aa MUHtiemepcKOMi naiaAi. Ec.ia a n cpaiiuHMi jb.ia, BOpyieaBLia ocTa.n.HUHi AeuapTaMeHTaui cenaTa c i tI mh, ko- TopHa cocpejOTOieHH b i nopBOMi, mu yfiixaMcn eino Har.mjiite Bl Hajil.peiiiH annepaTpaQH npoaauecTH KopeHHyn peiJiopMy b i HeHTpajt- homi ynpaBxeaiH. BropoMy xenapraueHTy nopyaeau x ix a cyxe6iiuji a veseBuii, npaaeHi yaKHoaccHa jieKCTiieflcTepcKaa jtoB'iopa, a peseT- HeBcTepy Bexfiao uocTvnaTb no CHA’b jaHHon eay HHCTpyKuia. B i TpeTtem cocpexoToiHAHCi, Bonpocu no x ix a u i naaopocciftcKHMi, ocT3efi- ckhxi npOBHKUia a xpyi'HXi seuexb, yupaBJunomaxca aa OTxiabBHXi npaBaxi, no HapoxHOMy npocBtineHiio, nyrasci coofimeniji a nyCxaE- hhmi SAaHiaMi, h xhaa noAaneSc&ifl. B i 4-m i xb ja no bohbckhmx koa- xerinm , a xpyraMi noenHUMi xiAaMi; 5 a 6 jenapiaMeHTu, npeoSpa- BOBaHHUe H3l CuBDiefl COHaTCKOfi KOIITOpHB l MoCKBt, pa3ii.lH.1H MejKJly co6o » Ai.ia Ha noxoSie ueTepfiypi'CKHxi xenapTaHeaTOBi B i iihtohi cocpeAOToaH.iHCb xi.ia aAaaHHCTpaTHBHbia, HCno.iHHBmiaca npeatie ce- HaTCKoB KOUTopofi, T.-e. Bectaa orpaHHneHHaro ofiieaa, a 6 nojy'iHAi cyxe(>HH8 xapaBTepi, nojofino BTopoMy. CAixoBaTeAbHO, xas o6me8 xa- paKTOpacTMRH cenaTa Baaoihi toai.ko lem pe ueiep6yprcKnxi xenapTa- Meaxa. BrxaxHBaacb b i bth x ia a , nc.ibsa ae aaaiTHTb, bto hcthhhoc 3na>ieHie x-in ceaaTa aa ia a toabko iiepatiS a Biopofi xenapTaiieHTH; a i TpeTBeMi a aeTBepTOMi cocpexoToiKBaAKCB nepenHCEa no TaKaai Ai.iaaii, KOTopua axiAH OTxbABHBixi npexcTaiiHTeAeB, noAbsosaBmaxca nenocpeACTBeHHHMi xocrynoMi k i aunepaTpHui. HapoxBoe npocBi- mcuie Huixo BeiiEaro, noxauia reBepaxi-noAHuiSueficTepa, aRaxexia npeBHxeHTOBi, BOHHCKaa a axaapaATeacRaa KO-ueria TaKJKe ho 3aMe- Xahah buBth H3i noAHiHeHia ceuaTy, erki mh oto vbhahmi Base; ceHaTCEia x ix a pacnaAacb, CAixoBaTexbHO, aa XBi rpyunu. OxHa H3i hhxi cocTaBa.ia xcnapTameaTi upaBHTe.ibCTBeHnuB c i reHepaji-npoKy- popoMi; xpyraa cyxe6HH#, c i oCepi-npoKypopoai. HecMOTpa aa 061- aBAGHHoe paaeacTBo B cix i xsnapTaMeHTOBi, nepBufi Batten niKOTo- pufl upeHMymecTBa, yasc BOTOMy, bto npa Heai coctohti reHepaxi- npoKypopi. B i c m a i Hecoraacia ceaaTopoBi b i xenapiaaeHTi, hjh

— 230 — coMiit.uiji odepB-npoKypopa, s i jo uepeflaoTca renepajB-npoKypopy, ko- Topufi depeTB ero bi>nepBuB jenapTaMeHTi h npe^jaraen. ero oCmesiy codpaHin cenaTopoBi., cosBaaHuxB bb nepBuB AenapTaaeHTi. Bb tay- niaxB ocofieHHO aaTpyAHHTeJbHUXB, Ha KOTopuxB He dyAeri saKOHa, hjh no coBepmeraioMy paanorjaciu cenaTopout bb ofiuiesn. codpaaiK, renepa-it-npoKypopi, bhochtb .nt.ia Ha Bucoiaginee ycMOTptHie. Dep- Buft man, TaKHHB udpaaoMB, dbUB CAtaaHB. IIocjiiyBmaa no.THTHKa HMiiepaTpHHu noKa3aja, hto hsb. BctxB qerapexB AenapTaaeHTOBB ce- HaTa to-ibko oahhb Biopofl coxpamuB nepBoaaqa.ibHoe SHaiCHie, bb ocTajBHuxB see donbine h dojBiue suAiaaeica HHHHCTepeKoe Haaaao, bb HOFtflmeMt CMUcat. H3b nepBaro jeuapTaMeHTa B03BnmaeTca 06- nmpnaa BjacTB reHepaiB-npoKvpopa, KaKB rjasHaro pyKOBOAHTeaa if>H- HancoBB, rocyiapcTseiiHaro xosaficraa, BuyTpcHHHro ynpaBAeaia; coxpa- hhh npn ato mb cBoe 3naieHie dancTHTeaa aaKOHOBB bb At-iaxB cyaed- HaxB, OHB COeAHHH.11. BB CBOeMB AHUt A0.1KH0CTB MHHHCTpa iJlHHaH- COBB, BHyTpeHBHXB AtlB H KICTHIUH, CHaiaja BB eeHaTt, a HOTOMB H bb OTAtabHbixB otb cenaTa yqpeataeHiaxs. Bb apyraxB qacTaxs ynpaB- JOHia o(5pa3yioTca Taaate ocoflua BtAOMCTna, cb caMOCToaTe-itnuMH .ih- Cb cauaro Ha«ia»a napcTBOBania, HMnepaipai;a oGxoahtb ynaCTie ceHaTa bo BctxB HOBOBBejeHiaxB, KOtopuMH OHa Hcnpan.ia.ia OTAtib- Hua lacTH ynpaiueHia; Bujli-iowie ajMHiiHCTpaTHBHaro, .iHniaro naiaia H3B odmefi Baccu yqpoa^oHifi, ho yTpaTHBiHHXB cboB CTapuB npHaa3- atifi xaparaepB, ao.ukho dtuo ycHJHTi AtaTeabHOCTb rocyAapa, ct8ho- Bamaroca Tenepb BepnniHoio ocodaro, MHHHCTepcKaroynpaBjeHia. Hmho- paTpHHa HO XOdHTB HMtTb j t j a HenOCpejCTBOHHO CB COHaTOMB; OHB nHIHOTB H HMteTB lt.IO CB rCnepttJB-npOKypOpOMB, KOTOpufi BB ea rjasaxB aBAaeica jostpenHUMB .rapoMB rocy.iapa. Ha3Haiaa Ba.iesi- CKaro Ha bto Micio, ona HanoMHHaeiB e»y o HeodxoAHMOCTH no.maro AOBipia Meajy hhmb h e»: „BpeAHte j.ia odmecTsa HHiero He mosotb duTb, khkb reHepa.!B-npoKvpopB TaKo8, KOTopufl kb CBOOMy rocyjapio coBepmeHHaro TOCTOcepAeqia h otkpobohhoctx ho HsrfeeTB, Tara Kara Aaa Hero xvate Bcero He HMfrrL otb rocy.yapa coBepmeHHoB AOBipen- hocth, nonease ohb, ho aoaxhocth csoeS, oda3HBaeTca conpoTHBAaTbca HaHCH,ibHt8niHXB ABAaMB, h cj'bAOBaxejbHO, BjacTb rocyAapcxaa oahh ero noAnopa“. Bc.it.Ai. aa TtaB oaa nopyiaeTB ero sadoiaMB BaatHtft- mie soapocbi Toro BpeHenn: noneieHie odB odpameHui cepedpa bb hb- poAt h BunHcunaHiii ero, o 3aKOHOAaiejbHUXB padoTaxB, odB H3ui- HeHiH co.umaro h BHHHaro no-ioateais H T. A- TaKOBO vae Aoatpie ea KB H3dpaHHUMB 6C -iHuaMB a HeAOBipie KB npeaBBMByqpesAeaiaHB. ysa3H odBflB-iaKiTCK ceHary qpe3B reaepaaB-npoKypopa. AAMHHHcrpa- THBHHe Bonpocu pa.ipadoTUBaiOTca ocoCumh KOMMHcciaMH. Csopo noc.it

BCTyiuienia ea Ba npecToab, npa ISucoaafimoMb juopt yapeatjeHa (Su-ia BOHHCKaa KOMUHCcia u i pascMOTptaia apTiia.iepiflcBHX'B mTaTOBb. 3a TiMb yapexaena ocoSaa Koaaaccia ja a pa3CM0Tptaia aBTa Deipa III o bo.ilhocth PocciScKOMy ABOpancTBy, cb nt.uio jyameii ero pe.naKnia. yapeataenie bt> MockbIi BocuHTaTexbuaro joaa upom.io Taitxe sihmo ceaaia. raasauB Ha*3opb aaAb bc£mh TanoaieHHtiMH cOopaMa nopy- aeab T. C. rpa<J»y Mnnaxy, npancxb eay jana oco6aa Bucoiafluiaa HHcipyKuia. fain yjviraeHijt aopcsoro BtaoacTBa paCoraaa Tanxe oco- 6aa KOHMHecia, AOKiaAHBaBmaa aenocpoACTBCHao HimepaTpHni. J,. T. C. Heninefiy, Ku. HlaxoncEONy k Tp. Mhhuxv nopyieHO com Bim kou- hhccid ajth paacaotpiBia Koxacpiun PocciBcaaro rocyjapCTBa. Bb HMen- HOHb VKa3t, AaHHOMb 3T0(1 EOHUHCCiu, 1'OBOpHTCHMTOOHa HOiKCTb TpC- GoBaTB OTb cenaxa BcnoMomecTuoBaEia a norpefiaoe aacxo Kaaue-iap-. CKHXb cjiy*HT6Jic8, ho ae noxaaHHCTCJi eHy BOBCe. „Ma, no BaacnocTH Bb cefi xoMMHCcia TeayDtHXb jia b a no HeyroajeHHoay noneaeflin o no-iiist. Hapo.ya Hamero, ho odaBHHb no BpeaeHaxb h nyacAaab a cam Bb neB aamcn IibicoiaSmeio ocofion apacyrcTBOBaib; h noroay 6btb no- Be-rtnaeMb ceB koumhccIh Bb eAHHCTBeaaoHb Hamovb BiAinia h nospo- BHTo.iLCTBt,“. SjcttCBicc iipn6anneH0, hto souaHocia:>Tajojatna chochtbcs Cb ceuaTOal hoaoCho Apyrmib Komracciaiib, ato acuo yEasuBacn,, hto H OHt n0Ab80Ba.lHCI, TaKHHH *0 HpaiiaMH*). Xiblio, HHHCpaTpHUa 6u.ia neA0B0.iMia aoTOHHOCTHHH CBiA^Hifi ceaaTa o KO-inaecTBfi rocyAapcTBeH- nuxb AOXOAOBb. IIonoJHHTB 9th CBiA'6Hja nopyaeno Chao KHH310 Ba- 3encK0My h A- T. C. MejbryHOBy, TorAaniHeMy npesBAOHTy KaMepb- KOAAcria 3). Bhobl B03HnaaDin,ia yapeatAcnia, no.iyaaa npaBa h o6x- saHHOCTH Koaaerit, lie cocToaib yase, OAHaKO, Bb Tauoax nojaHHeiim Kb ceHaTy, sasb upeatnia KOaaeriH. IlepBoe H3b TaKHXb yapeatAeHifl (iu.ia Koaaeria 3KOHO»ia, ocnoBaiinaa Aaa ycpaB-ienia avxobuumh Hxi- iiianH a aaTiab uaHueaapia ouCKyHCTBa HnocTpaHHHXb KoaoHHCTOBb. yapeatAOBie h Toro h Apyroro ycTaaoBaema paBuaaocB Mbniiw H3b BiiAOHCTBa ceHaTa aAUHHHCTpaaia AyxonHuxT. nttnift, npeatAO Haxo- AHBmeflcH Bb ero pacnopaaieHia, h At-re 06b HHOCTpaHpax’i., 3aiiaBmMXb nycTonopoaiHia 3emn PocciH, cocTawaBinHXT. ojHy H3b raauuuxb ero safioTb Bb npeAmecTByjoraee napcTBOaaHie. IIpaBAa, ysasH, yapeiBAaB- mie uxb, craBaTb HXb Bb 3aBHcaaocTi> OTb cenaTa, no ae b&ao hmIttb ocoueHHOft npoHHnaTeTBHOCTH, aTofia yfiiABTbca Bb TOMb, aTo ata 3a-

— 232 — BHCHtiocTb 6u.ia 'ijicTo Hapyatuoio h noxAepatHBaxaci. oahob) ifiopnaxb- BOa OTieTHOCTlRb OTHOCHTe.lbHO KOAXCriH SKOnOJCill yipeAHTD.II.HUfl VKa^T. roBopHTB, iTO OHa noabsyeTCH npaBSMH bcSxt. Apyrnxb KOiierifl, coctoh noflb yitasajm E. H. B., ceHaTa h, bt. ayaobhust. A^xaib, ch- hoas. Ho, BC.iiA'B sa tIisit., yftasT, nepeiHcxaerc. A^a, rxb aoxxeria „no A0B4peHH0CTH Haiuefl kb uefl, Cana CBOeio Bxacri® nooTynaTt HMieTb\". ,3,-Lm bth ipesBUiafluo pa3uoo6pasHu; cBAa OTHOcarca ynpa- BJieilie BCt.MH AVXOBHUMH BOT1HHHMH, KOTOpua lie OTAanU AyXOBHMMb BaacTHMb Bt yiipaaicHie, coAepacaaie Bucoiaflme yTBepatAeHnuxb mra- tobb apxiepeflcKHMt AOMaMb, MOHaCTupaub h npoi. ayaobhumi «rt- CTaMi; sarliMi. pacxoAU Ha pa3Hua OjaroTBopHTeabHua saBeAema, upH- uHcaHHbia in, iriAOMCTBO KOA.ierin n cOAepsantiaca na ea cierb, jbh- »Huua HMymecTBa, otTaBipiaca nocxii apxiepeeBb h Apyraxb BOHa- mccTiiyiomHX’b h t. a- Bo Bcixb STHXb A^-iaxT, Koxxeria OTAaerb OTieTH to.ii.ko MMuepaTpiiijt,, na aoab <Ke ceuaTa BunaAaerb jhhib oTieraocTb no niTaTHiJMB pacxoAaub, T.-e. rh Bonpocu. rA$ Aiao (5oib- ineio lacriB orpaHHianaeTca nepenHCKOB. O riera no yopaiueHin Ay xobhmmk HirliiiiaHH Koxxeria npcACTaBxaeTb bt. ijiopirf reHepaibHofl b4aomocth HMaeparpHuf. h sarluib, Axa endojua, coo6maeTb ee ceHaiy. Bt. cayiat KaKiixb-iuifiyAL ocofieHiiuxT, oOcToaTejbCTBb, Koxxeria mo- meTb iipejcraiuaTb uMnepaTpHipfl. Ilufiopi. ireatAy tYimb hah Apyrnat iiyTeMT. npeAOCTaBAeHT, Eonemo nu6opy npesHAOHTa, TaKb aaab HHCTpya- uia He onpeAtAaen. cTporo, Kaaia xi-ia npiiiiaAxeataTii cenaTy, a Kaaia BepxoBHofl BAacTH. KaHue.Tapia oneayHcriia uocTaB.iena bt. em,e 6oxIie neaaBiii HMoe iioxoaccnic. Uo canony cocTaBy CBoewy ohb 6oxbine npa- HapoBJieHa kb xHinony ynpaB-ioniio, u bo raaB’6 ea nocTaBxenb oahht hst. BHaiHTD.ihH'fiflniHXT. BexbMoatb—OpxOBb. Kanaexapia, noxoGuosox xeriH aaoHOMiH, 3a ycnixb h neycirfixb cboS OTBiiaeib ToxbKO Hirne paTpnui, oTHOcacb kt. cenaTy toxbeo no nrraTHUMT. AeiieatHHMb cie TilM'b H Cb Ol|)(J)Hllia.lbHOfi OTHHCEOfl. „Iio JlctxT, yipcatACHiaXb CROHXT. roBopHTb yaaaT., sanuexapia oneayHCTBa, BcxiACTBiH cefl hhctpvkiuh HHKOMy OTieTa xaTb He xO-Tatna, khet. naui. casraHb, a ToxbKOo HSAep- JKanHbIXT. ACHbraXT sa CBHA'&TeXbCTBOMl. CIOTBI OTCbUaTb Bb peBHsiOHT.- Koxxeriio... ct, KaitHMT. ate ycirixoin. bhxoat. HHOCTpaHHUXb npoxox- ataTbca GyAeTb, h itaKia nocxtAyOTb ott. aaimexapin oneityHCTBa bt. TOHb pacnopasenia, aohochtb e i x i , a Bb cenan, Hamb uHcaTb o Tomb ace Axa B*AOMa“ *). 9to upeofipaaoBaHie Koxxerifi, cb ycHxeHieHb Bb HHXb XHiHaro Haiaxa, KOCByxocb h cTapuxb Koxxerifl. Kanepb- Boxxeria, npiiHHMaa Bb pa3CieTb ynaAOKb Koiiucppin, iipHuncaHHufi, KaKb mu bhaSah Buine, ynniTOKeHix) ea caHOCToaTexbHOCTHcenaTOMb, ') n. 0. 8. XX 11344. 11879, 11881.

— 233 — 6u-ja uopyieHa ocofieHHOMy jouipeHHOiiy .iHiiy, ro^veBcTepy kh. Ky- paKuuy, „ kotopare chocoShoctb, sHaHie h peBHOCTb onuTaMH hkmt* jo - Kaaauu\". Cb n/b.iiio nojHSTb sHaicHio btoS Eoxieria, KypaEiiny Be-ibao npHcyTCTBOBaTb Bb ccnaTt, ae BI> npantpi npe3HjeuTaMb jpynixb ctbt- cehxt. Ko.iJierifi. HaKoueu’L, yaasi npa6anjaeTT), n o „ xoth mu oayB xaMep’b-Ko.ueriw ocTaiLiaeMT* na upeatuesTB ea ocHOBauia, nojb a t ji - HieMt, Kant a apoiia Ko.«.ierin, ceHaTa Hainero, ho... noBe.ritBaeMb OHOMy KypaicHHv 060 BceMb, n o ohl Eb noupau.ieHiio cero uyacRaro Mteia 3a (xxaro pa3cyjnrb, npejcTasaaTb ikimb canraab, aa coficTBCiiuoe Hauie pascxoTptuie a EOH(I>Hpnauin“ . KosiMepiecdn CaaKb orjaHb Bb Bt- •joaCTBO rpacjia roaoBHaa, c-b CTporaub npejUHcaiiieiib B3ucnaTb pos- jaHHua a npoopoaeaHua H3b 6aHKa jeHbra. Eme HeaflBHCHjrfce craao aoaoaceaie riaaEOBUxb onepapifi, cb yipeauemeMb Hsa&CTuaro accama- HiohHaro 6aaica, Bb 1768 r. EauitoBOe npaBjeme, cocToaui.ee H3b ojHoro raasaaro japeKTopa fiaiiKOBb a juyxb couiTUHKOBb, jojxho naxo- jHTbca nojb coOcnieHHUM-b Bifftadenb rocyjapuHH a jauaxo onera To.ibKO efl. Ho oKOHiauiH Kaxjaro roja, oho ciuTaerb ciapuc 6aaE0- Bue ebeth a nojnocHTb BMnepaTpaivh oomiif tojoboS Ciuanci,, a Bb ceaaTb nocu-iacTb cl aero, j .ih iitjosia, to.ibko soaiio. „Bb cayiai i;aBHX7. .11160 npoaciaecTBitt, ao EOTopuMb BcnoMoateaie 6utb MOxeTb hcynuieno orb Bamero ceHaTa, npau.ienie CaHKOBb imieTb upejcTaB.ian, OHoay, a ceHaTb domcem, ynycxaa hu .vamuuuuo epeMenu, BceBos- M0.KH00 no Toxy iHHHTb, DpHHHMaa bt. ocoCxhboo yHaaceuie Bee, Bb paacyacjeaia CaaEOBb npejcTaB.iaoMoe, h6o KpejHTb OHUxb SaHKOBb aouHCuTb on . caoparo uxb jph.ib Teaeaia“ . Caauaaa caasb CaHKOBb cb ceaaTOMb napyxHUMb ofipa30Mb uojjepaaBaiacb rtMb, n o Eaxjaa accarHauia, Kposri. nojuaca raaBHaro japeETopa h jHpeETopa, jo.ixua fiu.ia airfeTb uojuhcb jByxb ceaaiopoBb, KOTOpue nojaacuBaaa acca- i nauin n p e sje 6aHKOBaro npaaiema, ho Bb cxIuyomeMb rosy1 josbo- aeHO BHiiycKaTb accaraaiiiE aa nojnucbD ojaoro japeKTopa OaHKa heh coBiTHasa. MeiEeBaHie, cocTaBxaBiaee Bb opoauoe uapcTBOBaHie ojay H3b 8a6oTb ceHaTa, Teaepb aepeauro Bb ynpan-ieuie ocofiuxb xai;b, xoth (JtopxajiBHO a csasanauxb cb ceHaTOMb. HsBbcTHUfi KaHHiJiecTb 1765 r. HOKasuBaeTb, KaEoe .‘waieHie HMuepaTpima ja B a ja 8T0My iiaa- iiomv jia y . B c-lijb 3a rtMb, apa cenait yapeajeaa Hexeuaii SEcae- jHHia, cocTaBJieaHaa H3b uaxHtfiniHXb caaoBBHKOBb Bb rocyjapcTBi, Bb HHCJii EOTopuxb HaxojHxca rp. naHHHb a reHepaj-b-npoEypopb BaseMCEiS; BEcaejania npejocTaejeHu nci upaBa ceHaTcsaro jenapia- MeHTa, cb tod pa3HHneD, hto Bb cjyiaf, pasaoraacia, jb .ia asb Hea nocTyuaja ae Bb ofimee co6paHie, a Kb HMnepaTpaa*. TopHaa upoioi- auieHHOCTb Taote BUSBaaa oco6y» kombhcId, KOTOpaa a npejcTaiua.ua

— 234 — cboh coo6pa»euia HMcepaTpiiut '). Be3X coantma naafioibinaa aom caaocToaTe.itHociH Bimaja na jo an bohbckoS n u e r i i !). He toalko Boennaa Koaaeria noAynaeTx, HenocpcACTBeHHO, Haeimue ysasu, ho Aaate OTAtoHua, nasojainiaca npa HeS kommhccih h oiAi-Tiaae bohh- CKie HaaajbHHKH. HaKOHenx, bx 1769 r., HaBpesis boShh <$hax yipe*- ACHX npn BHCoiaftmeMX ABopi ocoSuh cobI tx, KyAa AOAsno 6ujt> BxoAHTb Bee to, «to KacaeTca injirtmiaea boShh, kukt, no HOAHTine- ckum’b Aiaax'b, lanx a BoeiiHUMT,, a BCAijcTBie chxx AByxx npeAiie- tobx h BHyTpeBHia i'ocy,napcTiieHHbia pacnopaaeHia bxoahtx nx cei cob£tx“. Bx aaori baohobx cob£ ts HaxoAHjea h rcHopa-ib-iipoKypopb. Bx Tasoxx aoJoateaiH HaxoAHxacb a aAMHpaxToScKaa Koweria cx ynpesAOUBOK) npa Heft KOManecieio 3). licaaoe cko.ii.ko hh6; ai. aasBOO Aiao uopyaaaocb AOBipeHHOity aany *). He nx oAnoMb aeHipajxHOMx yupaiueuia ycHAHBajacx jiare.ib- uocTb oTA'feabHtix'b Aatpb; nuuMaaie Haneparpanw paHOnepeHecxocb na aicTHOe ynpaaieHie, rai OHa xorLia noABBTb SHaieaic ryCepnaTOpa. 3ajo.iro ao yipesAenia o ryCepninxb, bx 1764 r., num-io en aacra- BAcaie rySepBaTOpaMx, r.vli yxe nporxsAHBaDTX bach, irojyiHBiniii TaBoe mapoKoe pa3BBTie bx 3HaneiiHT0itx vipeatjeHiH. Uluoe, roBO- paTca bx HacTaBAesiH, ae Momerx Onib xopomo, ecxa 0TX$AbHHa ero aacTH SyAyTb He bx acnpaaieniu. UoaoCho Toay, kbkx UNnepaTpana CTapaaacb hoahbtx KO.ueria, ocBofiosAaa axx otx H3Annraaro hpaih- HeniaceaaTy, ry6epHaTopcaaa aojxhoctx jo.iffiHa 6uaa noAyiHTi. hoboo 3Haieaie, npeax ocBoSoanenie ea otx fiesyaoBHaro noAinneHia KOx.ie- riaax. 7 KOAxerifi otbbto npaeo caaaMX mipailioBaTb ryfiepHaTopOBX, .tame no cviefiHUiix AiaaMX. „Ecah se no ancAXHiuH 6yAyrX npome- ') H. C. 3. HH 12118, 12127, 12474, 12488, 12684, 1S219, 11 ’) V*e :o6jHnaa aoeuHaaaoxxaccia, c aro vnpaaienia. Cl 1763 Ha rea. ipwiM. w B. H. B. e*e*i u . •) n. C. 3. ft* 11707, 11770, 11771, 11780,11796, 11796, 11797, 12004, 12 ‘) rocyAapciaennMjopora 6mH oopyieBH „bi aijeaie h xapeKuic\" TeHepiuy Hypaaieay, aoTopoxy cenan, joaxeat 6tu%ouaxa

— 236 — sin aa aenpaBoe Kasx itaHiie.iapin, Taitx a caxoro ryCepHaTopapime- Hie, bx locTHiph hah bx jpyraxT. KOAAeriaxx, a jiao to Tyaa uepeHe- cctcji, to oabia aoxieria, yBHj* HeapaBOCTb,HatiajURariTT. nrrpactix no yxasaMX aa ojny toji.ko canacaapiio, a o ryfepHaTOpi upeACTaBAHioTX cenaiy”. Boo6m,e KOJ.ieriaiCb apeAOCTaajeHOTenepr. npaBO npecjliAOBaifc rydepHaiopout He auaio, Kaat ipesx ceHaix, a cawie ry6epHaTopH COCTOHTX BX HBnOCpejCTBeHHOMi HOAHHHeHiH TOAbKO HMIiepaTpHHt H ceHaTy. 3 to Aaoiraoe uoAiraenie He Hsrfcera ciporaro xapamepa iih- CTaHnia, T.-e. ryfiepaaTopu He iiOA'iHHatOTca cnepBa ceHaTy, a sa'rtat HMcepaTpHut, a, HanpoTHct, h TOMy a APyroS Birtcr6. 0 tt6tu o CBoeMX ynpaiueiiia ohh iipeACTaiuiiiOTxbx ceHarx a HMuepaipau,1i, paimo naat h paaopTu o BajKHUXb A\"b.iax%. Bca6ax sarlnix ryOepnaTopiJ ct&ah aacio uojyaaTi. axeaiiue yaasu Ha CBoe aaa. ISaatiibie uoupocu no HicTHOHy ynpaBaeHiio joitiaAbiBaioTCH neiiocpeACTBCHHO HMiiepaipHiit. Taitx, Hanp., xbiso no ycTpoicTBy bhobb yqpeBAaeaofi CaoCoackoB ry- 6epnia 6uao nepeAano Kowuiccia, cociaBjennoB H3x cenaToponx kh. lllaxoBcuaro, IlaaaHa a OxcyipteBa, a At,.10 o HouopoccifiCKoB rytjepHia renepaxy Me.n.ryHoiiy ‘). Ofipasya, thkhmii ofipaaoitx, OTAiAbHtia Bi- AOMciBa, hoax ynpacjeaieHB jhhx, ofiasaHHuxx eS HenocpeACTueiiHOD OTieTHOCTlB), H BX TO»e BpeMH eOBepuieHHO He3&BHCHMHXX oaho on. Apyroro h on, ceHaia, HnuepaTpHiia HteAaAa nocTaBHTb bx xaaoe ate HOAoaceHie Ty Hacib ceHaicKofi A'iaTeAbHOCTH, KOTopaa eipe 6u.ia ocraiueHa sa sthmx yapeatAemeHx. CeaaTX ofiaaaHi (5hax hoahochtx HMnepaTpHni eaeAHesno MeMopiH o pfemeiinijxx Ataaxx. CaMOcroa- Teai.naa AtaieAbHOcTb couaia bx 3aKOHOAaTCJbHuxx noupocaxx h jaace npocTUxx aANHHHCTpaTHBHuxx pacuopaatemaxx crtciiaeTca. Bo nep- bkixx, npaBO ofixaBjarb HMeHHHe TKaaH, cocpeAOToaeHHoe npeatAe bx spyry ceHaTCKOHx, Tenepb pacapoeTpaHaerca h aa apj'bhxx ahhx, cx yipcsAemeux aoairrocth reHepa.ix-aAXiOTaHTOBx. HenocpeAcmeHHaa AiaTe.lbHOCTb BepXOBHOfi B.iaCTH BX SaKOHOABTeXtCTBa yBeAHTO- BaeTca, a anaaeme ceHaia bx btohx OTHomeHia fiaiAH'feeTx. Bo.Tbinaa aacTb yaa30BX, HanoAHaioinHxx HoahobCofipaHie 3aaoHOBX 3a\"BT0 BpeMH, cyTb hah HHCHHue, AaHHiie ceHaTy, hah ceHaicxie, cocToaitmieca bca^a- CTBieHMeHHHxx, oSxaBAeHHHxx e«y k4hx-ah6o, oOuKHOBeHHo reHepaAx- npoKypopoHx. Mu yaaseHx 3Aicb ntEOTopue npeAveru, noAJeataBmie upexAe ceHaTy h yxoAHBmie nocTeneHHO H3X ero BtAOucTsa. llpann.ia o pasceACHin BuxoAHeux bx HoboB Cepfiin, 6hah onpeAtAaeau Buco- BeudMeMieitepi, i'1n.C.3. 12137,12306,12307,12320,12339,12367,12373,12397,12430bI.j. c«.taiae „A»opi aaairiq. » PocciBbonop. noi. XVin crp. 30 1792 r. gaaicTHBEomPoscran ■ Pcbcjbckhnb,Cbnpaion nonojyqait an ceoara

— 236 — 'laSimiMH nouejfemaKU, a carnjft HOBOcepficBiS Kopnyci. OTjaHT. bt. b4- jomctbo BoeimoB KOJieriH. Hmchhumh yuasaMH onpejiaaioTca npaBHJia o pacnpejiaewH h npoH3BoiCTii4 cj4KTBeHauxT> a i- it no jenapTaMBH- 1811% ceHaTa h o6% onpenijeiriH hhrobuhkob%, Hasnaaonic KOTopnxi, saBueLio ora. oemra. CeHaTjr npejimcaHO Otuo ipesb reuepaji-npo- Kypopa b6Ctu esejHeBHue my-pnaju cbohitb 3aciAaniaH%. B t aaiaji CBoero napcTBOBama, HnncpaTpima, Bnpoaena., iiaiia-ta iiHor.ua ceHaTy nopyueHie paspimiiTb tot% hjh npyrofi uonpoct ‘). Ho aci 8th nopy- TOHia hm4 wtt, xaparrep-f. aero to cayiaBiiaro. Ohh CKopie xaHF. npen- neuy .anaaeniio ceiiara, aim . cepbe3Hoe odpameHie e% ero coji&CTBiD bt. *i.aax% rocyj;apcrBeHHHX%. lisra, jajwne pasBHBaeTca TeopeTmeatH .laztoHojaTeaMaH jiare-ibnocn, namepaTpHUU, aiM% anaanreabHie cia- noBHTcn ex jrHaHOe yaaerie b% ynpaBjeum, aiu% 6oji4c nuSapaerb oaa xnu% j j a HcnoxHenia ea uaaHoiia., Tint Satanie CTanoBHrca yapeaje- Hie ceHara. 3a to jojKHocTb reHepa.ii>-iipoKypopa BucTynaerb c% co- BepmeHao hobhmt, 3naaenieM%. r.iaBHifimHMa, cpencTBOai. kt, ycH.ieniio ero Bulanin ftuo uopyacnie eMy oniabHUxi b4jiomctb%b%Henocpej- CTBeHHoe ynpaiueRie '). KitarepHiia noitHxaaa oaenb xopomo, aro pe- 4»opMa, aajyiiaHHaa oio kt. ueurpaahHoB a,TiiniincTpanin. mojkhtb ocy- mecTBUTbca to.ii.koc’b oGnoc.ieiiieMbjpiyxa. Haaaji b, opraimaccKH coejH- BeHHuxT. b i ceHari,—ca. ynaaTOKeHieKT. mparo, npHKaaHaro ero sna- aema. Oita bh,ai.ua, tto jiiiHOMy naaajiy c-iijye'n. jaTb uesasBCHiioe, OT.aijbiioe cymecTBOBaHie, uopyaHBT. eMy ne H3B4cTHbia -iamb cpyiiaaiH bt, oflmeHa, nopajxi jiaonponsBOjcTna, aairb bto cji-iaai. Derpt I, no nopyaHBB eny fic3pa.aji^bHO ocoGuft pojT, a t e , ueno,a.ieacamHx%, no ea rainisi, KOjjeriajbHburb yapeaseniaMT,. 3aKOKO.aaTeji.CTBOIleTpa pacnpeji.Jn.io bc4 jix a no aojaeriasn., BOTopua saRijUBajiH bmh bo Bcefi hxt»coBOKynHOCTH, upaaeMi m. ajMHHHCTpanin ojHHaKOBO yaacTBO- ') IIojpoCbocii oiBomeaia ceHara xaaxaepaTpaai n nepeoe Bpex>ea uapcno- saiuaca.IL C. 3.J6» 11634,11806,11688,11637, 11642, 11646,11647, 11640,11641, 11672, 11671, 11680, 11616, 11704, 11746, 11861, 12024, 12026, 120S6 < u *) T. Xa»'Pie« <H>. crp. 520) no-iaraen, wo cpejciBOai xa ycaieaieSHaaeBia rea.-npos. 6hio ofiiaueHie Buco?a6raaii aoBartHiScesarj bs ero upeiJoxeHiaxi. co6a aasBaaeria ceaaropoBi, 6hio csopie cpejCTaom n ocaa5aeaiioaidcraceaara, atas aa yciaeaiD rea.-apoa^ Cain lyaan, a joctaioaBO noaasait ricHjD cbiss ■e*iy *syaa weaearaaRceHara, aro6uaozno 6siocepieanolyaaTi., qrocpejcrtoai yHHaari ceaan, 6hjo sosBBmeaie reaepaji-opoaypopa. Upe Hcvpi a EaaaaBert arpaaa, Banpon», so Bpeaeoa yussoaia a OTCyrctnia reaepaji-apoaypopa noHHaa- aocs a SHaaeaie ceHara. Ito.iHaecraenHHa aantaeiiia bi o6ieat roro a jpyroro s.ie- aeBTa ae aoraa iipossBecTHaopeaaofl pe<(iopaH. Oaa 6ma npoa3Bejcna aaaecTBeH- hhmx H8aiaeniemi, BHjtieHieMi reHepaas-npoBypopa in cocraaa ceaara c» coBep- meHBOhobumb xapaarepoMB.

— 237 — Ba.m Baiajo .inuioe h KOj.ieriaji.nop: BOJueriajbHoe Bb jn n i uenoirb upHcyicTBia, jx<raoe Bb m u i reuepajb-npottypopa a upoKypopoBb. Eaa- Tepraa, nanporHBb, cb nepBUXb ate jiT b cBoero uapcTBOBaitia, xab- aBH.ia nairispeHie cosjaTb jbb nopaAxa ynpaBjeaiH, o ja a i jHinufl, jpy- rofi KO.ucria.ii.HuS, pacnpejtjHB'B MciKjy hhmh jt.ia no HXb pojy. TpyjHO 6ujo cKaaaTb, saKHXb oCpaaoMb npoasoSjori bto pacnpcjt-ie- nie; BpeBeimua yjodcToa a upaKTHiecEia coofipasemii moijii ch.ti.ho Bjiaib Ha btotl nopajoKb. BnocaijCTBiH yate, (JipamiyscKaH hojhthtc- cKaa xeTa<|>u3HKa nojcmaja, bto KOj.ieriiiM-b npHHaA-ieacaTb tojlko ey- J cChhh A'I'.ja, a npoiaa aASTHHHCTpapia Hvajaeica Bb phSkocth h ao- ABHatHOCTa jHBHaro Haqa.ia. Oto npaBaao nojytH.TO ocymecrujeHie ro- pa3jo uoc.iii. Pcipopuu EKaiepaHH tojbeo HcnojBOjb nOAi'OTOuu.in ero TopaecTBO. Bb TeieHia ea HapcTBonaHia naia-io pasAiJCHin BaacTefi, npoBejeHHoe Bb yipeajeHiR o ryOepHiaxb, hh pa3y ae fiujo BUCKa- 3aao bo Bcefi ero khciot'J: othochto.tmio iiearpaabHuxb yspeatAeait. 3Afei. annepaTpHna AOBO.ibCTBOiiajacb npaKTHaecKHMb wJA'fi.ieHiexb HXb H3b ci]>epu npeatuHXb yapesACHiS, n reHepajb-npoKypopb nocjyatnjb OAHHMb HSb giMUXb MOrymeCTBCHHUXb opyjift JJB 3ToS ut.IH. Mu BHAf.ju, hto HMnepaTpnna wrnacb noerapajaci. crpynunpoBaTb- BOKpyrb reHcpajib-nposypopa TOTb lenapTancHTb cenaTa, r j t cocpejo- TOHHBajHCb a.T.MHiTHCTpaTHBuai‘0 xapaKTopa. Taxb Haiajocb bto OTxhjeiiio „ceHaTa npaBiiTe.ibCTByKnparo 0Tb cyxoCHaro0, o noTopoMb TaKb iinoro roBopHJii h nnca.TR npn AjeKcaHjpi I. Cb caxaro wwaja, ycnjeno Bjianie reHopajb-npoKypopa 11a ceHaTcKyio Kaiineaapi®, eipe fiojrl.e noKasaHHoe Bb hsb'ScthoS HHCTpyanin oSepb-ceKpeTap®. Bb ero ate ynpaB.iCHie orjaHa ceHaTCKaa THnorpa^ia. PacnpejijeHie neAopo- c.ieS, jiB.iawrnHXca BbcenaTb, npoii3nojHMoenpeaje repojbjieio, cxa,io 3aBHctTb oTb reHepajb-npoxypopa. BooOme, nee, bto r.iyatHTb, nocTy- naerb Kb hphv Bb aaBHcraocTb. repojbflMeScrepcKaa KOHTOpa o6a3aHa 6u.ia AowajUBaTb ceHary (t.-6. nepBomy AenapTaMeHTy, r j t hexoahjce rcnepajb-npoKypopb, n caMufi ysasb H3jaHb no ero HHHuiaraBt) o BcfiXb YBO.ieHHUXb OTb BoeHnoS h cTaTCKoS cjyatffu n o atejamuHXb nocTynHTb na cayatfiy, a pasHO Koraa n kto H3b rhhobhhkob'l 6u jb inT)iai(ioBaiib. ITo ero ace npejjoateHiio Bci npucyrcTueiinua utera AO.isuh dujji npncujaTi. cduckk o cjiyacam,nxb n necjyacaoiHXb abo- paaaxb. Ho CGopo Bb ero pyitaxb ctajh coepeAOTOtHBaTbca So.rte Baatnue Bonpocu. Co-ittHoe n bhhh06 yupaBjeHie nocryuiMH noAb ero ocoSeHHoe noneienie; bhiihoo a^JO, nnpoaeMb, ociajocb 6ojbme Bb ynpanjcHin cenaTa '), no cojkhoc, khkt> yBBAnub Hnate, coBepmenHO* *n ea peiOJCuiftHanojofioaanpomcHia(Pyc. Apx. 1864r. crp.417): wona HTMafiaoaa

— 238 — OTonuo kt. reHepaji-npoETpopy. Ilepexoxi. xenesnuxi, cjmmt. in, -axMHHHcrpaipH cocpejoroiiucji Tasse y Hero:, yae in. 1768 r. kh. BroevcKiri oSmbh.it, cesaxy HHeireofi yuaii, ho6h Bci npHcyicrBeH- hhh stcTa o6mmsxh eHy o nepeBOji jenerx, 3a rpairany. 'Ipe3T. Hero xoExajHBaBTB HjraepaTpHui npesnxeHTu Ko&ierifi, ajpecya iie- nyapu Ha ero hmh '). Hsx, iipexioneHifi, xaBaeMHXi hmx. cenaiy bx, 8to BpeMH, bhjho, n o oni. paSoTaen, TenepB oT,i;fi.ibHO o n ceHara, a Tpefiyers ero yssaott tojibko x m BocnoiioinecTBoBanin ero .wnroft ff&HTextHOCTH. HanpHirhp'B, ycMaTpraair hsi xoxoxobi rocyxapCTBBH- Hiixt, nocTynaBimixT. h nepexoxHBHiHx'B ape3B Hero, MHoacecTBO 6es- nopHXKOBB, on’s npejuarajit cenaTy iisjaTt yKast o coSiipamH nojaTeS bt, Haxxeasamee Bpena. 3aiiHMa«ci co.ihhoo lacriio, oht, TpeConam yxasa o joCTasjeHiH bt, co.ihhvio KOHTopy ciexTrax,, no npomecTBin no.iyroxoBoro BpeMeHH. OrieTHOcri. h (jiHRancoBaa ajMHHHCTpania co- cpexoroHHBaioiCH see Sojibme h So.iwne y aero. Hbb oxHoro chhox- CEaro yxasa bhxho, ho h chhox%, bt, ih&i£ npoiHX'B, xo.iacni 6h.it, npcicraB-iaTL cboh oriexTj iioMHHa.ii.HO bx, cenaTi,, a (pauTHiecEH m e- pa.ix,-npOKvpopy. „Cero 17 7 1 r., iioxa 28 xaa, rOBopuTi, y^ast, npiiaian- hmmx. cb. craoxy otx. reHopaxt-npoEypopa... npej-ioateHieux ofixjiB.iono, ho no HMeHBOHT E. H. B. yita8y Bconijcoiaitme noBex-fino coSpaTt, b4- jomocth kx, renepaix.-npoKypopcKHMx.xli.iaMx, o EC’bxx. h BCHKaro snaiiia rocyxapcTBeniiuxx, xoxoxaxt a pacxoxaxn, Cesx. HSiaiia, k8kobh 6a HK 6HXH H C01HHHTE, HSl TOrO OCoSyiO OE-iajHyH) KnHry“ . 'Ipesi Hi- ceoji.ko BpeMeHH cenaTCKifl yKasx. upexnnca.ii, ryfiepncKHMi, bmcthii’b nocHxaTi BixoMOCTH bt. ceHaTT, -h jpyria srScra, h kb rac-ii lrhxoMO- CTeft, npHca.iaBniHxca ex. renepa-ix-npoKypopy, saxoxaxea „b£xomoctk o HaxuiHofi Bctxx, cfioponx, xeneauoS h e^HHOinOH sasni jrtcaaaua“. He toxbko cbmx. reHepaxx.-npOKypop'B, ho h noxiMeHnue evy o6eph- npoEypopa no.iyqa.TK oraixrauH aaCTH ynpaBjemn. Hanpiisitpx, bt, 1773 r. BCTpiiaeTca BucoiaBme yTBepatxeHHHS xomiaxx, ceiiaia ofix, yipeKxeniH ropHaro yinxnma npn fieprt-EOjueriH. Hsaaraa cboh co- oSpaaema no 3tomy npejMCTy, ceHaTX,-8aMtiaeTi,, sie*) xy iipoiniix,, ho, DO.iyiHBX, o n fieprt - KoaaeriH n.iaHx, yiHXHtna, ohx. worn nym- injMx. coodmHTi. ero oCepx.-npoitypopy cenaia CoBmohobv, KOTopoMy no npocnn 061 OBasaaia mcjpoTu no npaaaat jCurBa ora bkbhoBnocTaiaa, Pe3oa.: „Jiia o Baaaofi nootaBsi cyra ceHaTCBi*. u n oaaii. ne n-traiacci\". X- C. 0. 8200 p. Praoa.: ,Jiaa agHHaro orsyna cyra ceaamu, ra kobxi ue aainraiaioct, a ace no rtiara aory ecra to, aio«i noAiMpxnra o yroaeBia npaaocyjia n cen X*) n. C.8. 13243flii.. jaaa. npeaa*. 6opra-KO«criH rp. MycanyIlymBBay. „Hra aojaHuofi ora aara aprai reuopaji-npocypopa bb. BaaeacBaro aanacua ycaorptiH

— 239 — ysasy E . H. B. nopyieau sc i 6eprB-HOxxeriH ji.ia, cb tIimB itoCh «hb, bo8a» bb noApodnocTii n.iana, paacHOTpixi bc& npea-M»eHHUJi bb Hem, ceHaTy o6cToaTejLCTBa h, yiHHa na oeuh cboh npiiMirania, npeacTaBHAi bb cenaxB cb cbohmb MHf,!iieMB *). TaKOe HOBoe h HCOdHTeAbHoe no.iosoHie rcHepajb-npoaypopa 3naaHTeABHO h8m1.hh.io canuft nopaaOKi. caoiuenifi noAiHHeHHNXB M’liCT't cb HMnepaipHneio h ccimtomt.. ryfiepMTopu, naia-ibnasH bhobb npHcotiAHnaPMuxT. ofixacTeft, upesBAPHTBi KOAxeriS otiiochtch kb Hescy co cbohmh A'feaaMH, e npeAnoiHTafOTB stotb nyTb, kskb KpaTqaiimiB h yjjofiHifinrifi *); oSuKHOBeinnjfi ace nym. BcixB hobuxb bamhHHCTpa* THBHUX'b Mips 3atn>qajca bb tomb, qio nposypopu, ycuaTpnBaa 6e3- nopiUKH hah neAopariyMinia bb AiaaxB Tofi Koxxeriu, kb KOTopoft 6u.ra upucTauaeEH, npcACTaBXHAH o tomb reaepaiB-npoKypopy, koto- puft npejjarajn. ototi, panopTB Ha paseiiOTpiHie ceHara, o^ukhobchho C'l. CBOUMB MHiBiCXB. Tarb cb caMaro iiaiaxa (iuao yace uo.roaeuo ocHoitanie BcecropoH- lieuy BUj&ieHiio HHHHCTepcicaro Haiaxa, KOToparo reHepa.iB-iipoKypopB jo.raeHB 6ijab catoTbca MorymecTBemiuMB npeACTaBM-exeMB. Ho oaeBHAHO, tto 9to BUjiaeBie aoxikho 6hxo HaxoxHTbea bb TicHofi CBH3B CB pa3BHTiOMB rOCyAapCTBeHHHXB HA«S EKaTepHHH. IIOAHOe HXB ocymecTBACHie otbocbtcb, Koneano, kb yipeacjeniro ryCepniB. Ho h AO Toro BpeHeHB maoh ea 0 rocy.iapcTBt bucks3a.iHCb aobojbho hb- raaAHuxB oOpaaoMB bb h3b4cthobb HaKa3* h bb ApyraxB am xB, otbocbihhxm kb cosBamto AenyTaTOBB aa» cocTasieHia HOBaro yaoace- Hia. HcTopia kommhccihaxa coCTaBxenia yxosenia AOCTaTOTHOH3»fccTHa, a noTOMy 3i%Cb no saa'lixi noBTopaTb bhobb {laKTuaecKofi CTOpoHU BToro aBxeHia; mh ocTaHOBHMca tojbko na tSxb oficToaTe-ibCTiiaxB, KOTOpwa 6o.ii»me Bcero boaxoahtb kb npeAMerv Hainero pascyacAeHia. CaMa EKaTepHHa cqaTaja co3BaHie AcnyraTOBBa*xomb qpessijqaflBO BaatHUMB; bto A0Xfl3UBaeTca yace tIimb, tto ohb. bb BHAy otobo co- aBaaia, coaxa HyacnuitB npHroTOBHTb TaKyn o6mnpuyio pafioTV, kkkb 3EaMennTUfi BaxasB. Osa acexajra cA'fcxaTb usb co6paHia aroro ic6hto ' ■) II. C. 3. MJ612171, 12222,12846, 12688, 12713, 13122, 18360, 13243, 13438 13469, 13444, 13470, 13639, 18690, 14048, 14332. !) H. C. 3. N 14287. Cea. yn. o nocmiici n OljopyccBony reHepajii-ry(5. jus TaMomaHxi, KarojHiecitoS a vniarcKoS eoapxiS liyCjMBaxi, yuaBOBB no raciy «epa»e8. „Qpa’>. cenan ciymaia nnciao T. C. cenat. n sas. Teuiosa, nacannoc hs Bxa A-T.c. r. npoiypopa a MBajepa u r n BmeMcxaro...\"; K 13997,cesa?. „llpaa cenaTt, c.iyraaBi npejuoaceHnoe rea.-npoa. dhcimo, npamanoe eay orx rxaioaro nooexaicxa aocaaiaicataai-o joaa a J . T. C. Benaaro\"; X 14014Bscoa. yru. xniaaji ceaaTa 0 paaxiacain Bijopyccaarospaa oa yfeja naaiaaeTcacjij. c.iocaaa: „fi. H. B. •cenary, aperia l-eaep.-apoaypopa .. .. noaexiTt coh3bojh.ih paMKOTpira uojHeceouaa B. B. on Bluopyc. rcn.-ry6. -rpa^a lepamnoBa joa-iaji“ a t. aj AE12720.

— 240 - jociofiHoe conpeiieHHUX'B HAeft o rocyjapcTBi. Otcbhaho, ona Hy*ja- jacb bx noMomaHKaxi, bx wtyra, Koropua homh 6a npOBecTH ea *Aea p cayiKHTB aoctoShubh npeACTaBHTeaaim ea MatuiB at cpejt seucaaro cofiopa. Tskhstl ahbomx 6hax TOrAamniB reHepaAx-npoitypopx BaseMcaifi. HMnepaxpuua tottocx BOSAoam.ia bcI. npHroTOBHxeAhHHa pa6oTU hb Hero. Kasx raaea CAysaniHxx, ohx joaxeHt 6uax pacno- papHTLca o AOCTaBaeBiii bx KOMMHecimAonyTaxoBx B3x bcSxx npacyT- cTBeHHux'L srfccrx, o coCTHBxeHiH EaaiieaapiH ,\\ah otoS kommhccIh » t. a. Ho eme Sojxnee snarerne xano reHepajx-npoKypopy bx caaoft KomracciH. Ohx hb.ihctch iiacTOHinmn. pyKOBOAHTeaeMi. upeHifi, upeA- ctAaTeaeMi. AnpeKuioHHoit eohmhccih; ao nsfipaHia AeuyTaTCKaro npeA- BOAHTeaa hah Hapinaaa, ohx upHcyTCTuoBajx bx ea cofipaniaxxex ses- jomx. IIoCA'fc H36paHia lipeABOAHTO-ia, ohx pasAt.raeTX cx hhmx npes- ctAaTCAiiCTBo bx sacrfiAaHiaxx. HpeABOAHTe.li. cocTaojaeix chhcokx onepeAHXixx a4xx, no- corxameiiiio cx reHepajx-upoKypoponx. fle- nyTaTu, roBopHBmie bx coOpaHin, ofipantaJE cbob ptax ax npeA- BOAHieAO, a bx ero orcyTCTBiH kx resopaax-npoEypopy. 9thmx Asynx ABitaux BccrAa npHnaAiexHTX npaiio roaoca; bx CAynai paBA'h-ieHia toaocobx, KasAUii hbx hhxx HJiierx no ABa ro.ioca. Boh co6paHia Be A'&fiCTBHTeAXHN, eCAH BX HHXX H6 npHCyTCTByeTX MapmaAX BAB reHepaax - npoKj popx. IloivrtAiieMy upHuaAAexHTx npaBO corAamaTb pas.THMHua HHtHia, npeA-iaraTL csoe co6cTBeHHoe, h boax ero Haj- sopoMx coCTaBAalOTca sypsaABi sacfcAasifi '). BooOme po.ix rene- paAX-npoEypopa bx btohx co6paaiH BecxMa snaiHTcaxhh.' IIpeACTaBH- Teax npaBHTenxcTBeHHOft baucth, ohx npHBBaHx pa3A’fiAHTx saKOHOAa- TeAXHue TpyAU cx hupoahumh npeAcraBHTeAHMH. I‘oax renepanx-npo- sypopa bx EOHHHcciH rfiMx saaiiaTeAXHie, mto ceuarx, bx iyfcAOHX CBoeMx cocraai, ocTaaea bx cTopoui otx axofi BaKomuaTeABHOfi a4h- TeAXHOCTH. CyAxfia KOXMHCtiK BX HCTOpHBeCKOHX paBBHTlHa.TMHHHCTpa- iuk npeACTaBAaeTX 3HaMeHaTCAXHufl nyBETX. PIsbko h npasio bxia^ah- aocl cx BToro BpexeHH saROHOAUTeixcTBO B3X Kpyra a^htoaxhocth ce- Haxa; 3aB0B0AaTeAXBaa bauctx, Bupa3HBmaaca bx nuuiuofi 4>opM'fc co- 6opa AenyTaTOBx, He Mor.ia yace nepefixH ex yipcajeHifo, urftBBieyy bhcto npaBHxeAXCTBeHHOC, cyAe6HO-BAMHHHCxpaxHBHoe Baaxeaie. Ilo- citAHit Harnx 3enci;i# coOopx aBAaerca nepBUHx p'fmiHTe.iLHUMX ma- tomx ex ocymecxnjeniio HAe0 EKaxepHHN II. Ecab BtJAiAeHie hhhh- -CTepcEaro Banana hsx oSmett Maccu CTapuxx ynpeiKAeuia aanaAoex cscyTHo h HeptraHTeAbHO bx ycHAeHiH aoaxbocth reHepaAx-nposypopa n npoiHxx AouipenHuxx ahhx, suA^AOHie babcth 8aKOHOAaTe.ii.nofi co- BepmHAoex bx p'lHHHTe.ii.Hofi h ropaiCCTiieniioft $opMt coaBaiiia Aeny- ■ ) n. c. s. an 12848. 12948 n. n , XD, XIII, XVIII, XXVII, XXIX.

— 241 ■— tutojiti. Obh aoahchh Ch.ih npHHHTk Ha cefia TpyjHTD saAaiy, koto- pofi He AOCTar.ua npanTHiecKaa AiaTe-itHOCTt ceHaTa, jaT t cTpaHi ho- uyB h CTpoflayro CHCTeMy 3aK0H.0AaTe.ii.CTBa. OCcToaTeabciBa He jony- CTH.iii ocymecTMeHia stoS BaAam, ho r.iaBH$Bmaa uixi, ErcaTepiraH Ou.ia AocTHTHyTa—aaKOHojaTe-iBHaa B.iacTF, Cuja OKOHiaxeai.no nu,i&- -ieHa h Bb Tcopia h, OTiacTH, na npaKTKK'Ji HSb CTapo-npHKa3Haro Haiaaa. Hsb Bcrtxb npexHBXb yipesjeH iS oahht. renepaab-npoKypopb, Bb CHay caMOfi cooeB aojjkiiocth, no.ayiHXb yiacTie Bb 3aK0H0AaTe.tb- Hofl Aliaxe-ibHocra HOBaro cofipania, h,ti. Koxoparo 6u jo HCE.HOieno yipeacABHie, KOToparo cfab cociaiuara npeatAe MHTerpaatHyio aacTt. Ho npniHBa 9Toro SBaonia 3an.1101a.1acb Bb TOMb, ito OHb caxb Ha- ia.ib yate Tepara cboS npeatHiS xapaKTepb, ito ora caiib cxystiub HOBuab HACHMb, noAOfino caMOfi kommhccih. Onb BHA&uub BHHHCTep- caoe, kommhccih — 3aKOHOAaTe.11.1roe Haia.10 h 06a ohm c.iyjkh.ih oahoB noBoft HAef.. IIOBopOTb Kb ceaaTy, cb npemiiHXb ero BcenorAonraioiuHXb SHaieHieub, cA&rajrca HeBosxoxeHb. Ho ito ocrauerca 0Tb Hero? Ka- Koe 3HaieHie nojiyiHTb orib npa rocriOACTB'ii hoboB Teopin? OnpeAiiHTB 9to ipe3BBiiaBH0 TpyAHO. Mu 3KaeHb, ito EtcaTepaua He cosAaaa hh- KaKoro urtawtaro saKOHonoxosteHia 06b sTora saxHOxb irtcirt; ocTaeica, c_rtAOiiaTe.Ti.HO, oCpaTHTbca r a ea OTxi.n>HHitb cyaACHiaub, Bupaaeu- HHHb Bb Hana3b u jpyraxb aKTaxb, 0 SHaieHiH ceHaTa Bb paAy Apy- nrxb rocyAapCTBeimHxb ycTaHOBaemB. Hairasb coCcrBeHHO He sa&aroiaerb Bb ce6i hcho uupaatcHHog Teo- pin pa3.THiHHXb BjiaCTeS—cysAeHia jith noMimemj Bb HOcaiAyroiUHXb aKTaxb; TrtMb He aeulio, Bb HeMb moxho BCTpiraTb HHoro xicTb, ta4 saAaia ceHaTa onpeA’fcxaeTCa aoboai.ho kcho. OcHOBHaa MUCJtb hmiig- paTpHQH, noBTopaeiiaa ero aoboabho iacTO, samroiaeTca Bb Tonb, nn o Bert yipeacAeHia Boodnte cyra spaiounraa saKOHOBb\". CooCpaxaa oOnpfi xaparaepb ea Artare-iMOCTH, aerxo moxho nonara, it 6 oHa xorfc.ia BupaaHTB bthhh cjOBaxn. XpaHenie saKOHOBb ecn. AiaTeatHOCTb iucto KOHcepBaTHBHaa— noaxoay ohh aoaiehh <Shtb caxocToaTearaH h Heno- Abhjkhh Kara caxufl saKOHb. Hmt. npHHaAJeaim, npecjiiAOBairie h TipectieHie Bcixb npaBOHapyuieHiB; ohh TpeCyrorb Kb ce6i o n e ra o AtaTeJTbHOCTH BCrtxb npaBHTe-TbCTBeHHUXb MtCTb HAIIAb HnpOBrtpaiOTb coraacie axb cb cymecTByronuiMH ysaKOHeHiaxH. CjtiaTb bhboah H3b TaKoro noaoaeHia Chao yae He xpyAHO. Kania B$AOMCTBa Ao.iaHu Ch.ih coejHHaTtca Bb Tania yipeacxema, KttKofi oTpacaw ynpaaieHia cboB- CTBenb TaKOfl oxpaHHTexKHHfl xaparaepb? OieBHAno, ito HeuoAimac- hoctb, KOHcepBaTHBHocTi. yipexAOHifl nparoAHa TaMb, ta* ycnint- Hoe npHMrtHeHie caxaro saitoHa oCycjroBAHBacTca t8khmh yipearie- HiaxH. TaitOBa cificpa cyAa, h aaTliMb, t Jjcbo CBasaHBaa Cb Hero, ch- CTexa KoiiTpo.ia, Bb nraposoxb 3HaieniH otoco caona. BHcniHMb bh- i.mjoBCKifi. T. r. 16

242 — paxenieHT. uoao6ho8 oxpaHHiejfcHoS Ataxe-nnocTH, no cntic.iy aa- Kaaa, maaeTCH ceHara. HaCoTu o6t ejHH00<Spa3H0Mi h tothomt npHMineHiH saKona, pascyxaeaia o nepeiriiraxT bt aanonaxT, osa- aaBinHxca ycrapljunH, no npe^cTaiueHin ApyrnxT npacyTCTBennuxt H-icra, pa8%acHeHie HewpaayirfeHifl, BoanRKinnxx. bt, pasnuxT cifmpaxT aAMHHHCTpaniH—Bee bto BXOjHTt bt ero saAauy. IleaaBHCHao ora Toro, obx KOHTpoMpyera'AiaTextnocTt doatubobhuxb e«y Mien,, 3a0oTHCT o co6jBxeHia saaoHa h rocyxapcTBCBnaro Kirrepcca '). B t KanccTBi Taaoro iicaufijeMaro yipeatAema, cenara no«epsHBaera bt HapoAi yBaisenie kt saaoHy, h oxpaiiaeTT ero ora npoH3Boxa npaBHTaibCTBeH- hhxt jram. Bt Aono.ineHiaxT, kt aaKasy, H3jaBaBmHxca bt pasHoe speua, MUCJiH HunepaTpanu pasBHTH eme xaawne. TpH poja BJiacTeft, buciuhht BupaseuieuT kotopuxt cayiKHTT MOHapxT, pacnpej,ijenu coofipaano 3thkt rpynnaMT ynpexjeHiB, Koropua ona xe.ia.ia ocuoBaTL. Mu ucTpiiaesT y*e Ha3B8Hia b-iocth saKonojaTe.n.HoS, samaTHTexTHofi h coBepinHTeJBHoft s). Ecxh mu dphiiomhhmt pasjmHua rpynnu, Ha KOTopua na’ia.iH yase pacnajaxaca pasaainua ycranoBaeHia, to boao6- Hoe xi-reme, coBepmeHHO nenonaTHoe j j a yxa, npHBUKnraro kt iioa- pa3Ai.ieHii> BjacTH Ha saKOHoaaTejmyn, cyAeftnym a HCUoxHHreJBHyio, noKaateTCa coBepmeHHO xornaecKHHT neaoBiKy, SHSKOMOMy ct Hauie® HCTOpiew. IIoHaTie saKOHojaTe-ibiioit BjacTH, ueuie ApyrnxT sanyraH- Hoe h fio-die apyraxT cnocoOHoe kt OTB.ieieniio, bua'Iuhxoci, ueci.Ma y.nofino H3T cTapo-npHKa3Haro 6uTa; ocTaBamct xBa aJicMenia, tIicho CBaaaHHue saKOHOAaTCJTCTBOMT LleTpa h Bupocnde hst npeatnefi hamb- HHCTpaTHBDOfi opaKTMKH—HMBHiio CHCTeMH KOA-ierifi h npHnapoB.ieunoe kt Hefl .lHTnoe Baiajo. [IpOBeCTH rpaHiinv Keatay uhmh 6hao He tokt aerKO, khkt Kaaerca. llpaBja, .MHoe la w BHAiaaeTCH yate hst KOXieriS CT CaMOCTOHTejlHHMT, MHHHCTepCKHHT xapaBTepoMT; HO BH- AiJeHie 3T0 hpohcxoahtt no nacTHKT; imiero ho bhaho bt hcmt ch- creuaTinecKaro; caObo, tophhht eme He hh&aohu. Bt btomt yaasi 1768 r. bt nepBuS pa3T BcipinaBTca hobuo topmhhu, ct HXT.nepe- 8 12949 232627 28') HaRaxt (D. C. . M ) no. , , . Bt nyusri : Si l’on demande maintenant ce quo c’est que leDdpbt deslois? Jerdponda: le Ddpdt deslois consiste dans une institution particulidre, en consequence de laquelle les corps ci-dessus 4mentionnds, dtablia pour faire observer la volontd du sonverain eonformdment aus lois fondamentales el a la constitution do l’Etat, sont l'exercice de leurs fonctions qui leurs sc paipnuH na qipasnyscitOBi aouat na to

— 243 — xojiiumt,, neycTaHOBHBiDHMcn sHaienieui. BcuaTpHBaacx bx SHaocaio sauiHTHTeJBHoS BJiacTH, HejibSa ne irpiftTH ex tokj 3aKJ»TOHir, aw TepMHH'B 8TOTX AOJJEeHX 0TH0CHTM8 EXTOUT UOpHAKy yipeSAenifi, EO- Topaa hocht-b Ha ce6i hmghho stotx KOHcepBaTRBHaS, oxpaHHTeAbHaS xapaKTept, iiOAAepsHBaiOTx anaienie sasOHa nocpeAcmOMTcyja h roh- Tpo.ia h HaxoAJiTB Buemee cBoe Bapaseme bx cenari. Ha btomx ocho- BaHiH Hexbsa, KaxeTca, coKHiBaTsca bx tout,, sto BapaseHie—B-iaeTt, saiuHTHTCJiBHaa—He cooTBiTCTtiyeTi, Tony repMHHy, Koropait sapa6o- tbhx bx Hays'S rncyjapcTBeHHaro npaBa hoax HueHein. BjacTH cyjefi- noB. BapaseHie, ynoTpefi.ieaHoe itMnepaTpHReto, Buji-iaeTt. hsx djiepu aAXHHHCTpaniH hc oahh Bonpoca npana, ne o^ny cyaeCHyra Aiarexfc- hoctb. HanpoTHBi,, oho HSBjeKaen. hsx niAOMCTiia bascth coBepHrarexi- hoB bc'S tS npeflMeTU, bx EOTopaxx p it a MoateTX hath o6x oxpaueniH 3aKoaa bx cairoux bihpoKomx CMHc.ii, T.-e. Bee to, sto Tpe6yeTX orpaa- lenia on. npoH3Bo.ia h KOjeOamS AHsnaro ynpaBAema. Ectcctbchho cyAx AOxaeH’B 6hax nojysHTt, OTAixbHVD, caHOCTOareatHyio aAMrrmr- CTpauiro; KOHTpoAt, pesnsia cseTOBx, paspimeHie Hejopa.-iysiimfl, no- nyacAeme hh3ihhxx npHcyTCTBeHHHxx Mien, Bee sto aoaxbo 6haoco- ctbbhtl oTAi-ibnyH) cijrepv, KOTopaa 6a BaxaBaxacb eaMOCTOHTexi.HHMX yspe»A6HieMx; Toraa yace noxysH-io 6a csoe Hacioamee pasBHTie h iiataao AHiHoe, AiScTsya bx cifiepi babcth coBepmHTeAtHofl. Kaaoe no.ioxeme AOA*em, 6u.it. saiian, reHepaAx-npoKypopx npa stoma, nanxuBi hobuxx noiiHTifl? Cx Hero h cx ero domouub) naia.iocb BHAiieHie MnuHciepcEaro uaiaxa. Ohx, osesHAHO, iotobhjch CTaib bo r.iaBi BiAOMCTBa abut, o6aesetnraxx BAacrtto conepmHTexLHOD; ho B08MOXHO AH UpepBATI. ero CBH3B CB CeHaTOMX, B03HOJKHO AH BSrHftTI. AHiHoe irasa.ro hsx yspesAeHia, Ha3HaseHHaro aaa Bacmaro KompoAH? iiaKHMi o6pasoMx oaho h rose ahuo 6yAen ysacrBOBHTt bx aAHHHH- CTpauiH, Boftxen, Tan cttaaaTt., bt, ea HHTepeca h 6yAen bx oocToaHin bx Toate spexa orHecracB spHTHiecKH ex ea AiateaxHocra, bx hhtb- peeaxx ne3u6.ieMOCTH 3asoHa? Ecah AHSHoe Haia-io, npesje opram- icckh CAHToe ex EOAAeriaxH bo bcohx h BHAixeHHoe toabko bx irier- huxx, T.-e. HOAiHHeHHBXx yspeatjeHiaxx, AO-iacHO 6uao Tenepx oTAi- AHTxea, to 3HaiHTX ah sto, sto bx aAMHHHCTpaipH He AOAacHO yate ocTaTbca AHraaro na?a.ia bx npeacHcfi ero $opni? IpyrniiH cxoBasra, KBEX AOASHO OTHOCHTbCa MHHHCTOpCKOe HBiajO EX TOMy SAeMeilTy. KO- ‘ Topaft 6uax BBeAeHX ruiKx oxpaHiiTeABHafl sAexeHTX bx erfrepy eeHaia h Ko.iAerifi? Bonpoca sth, oiesHAHO, 6uaii ciHmEOMX ninpoitu A.w ysKot panEH ueHTpa.itHuxx ynpesAOHifi toto BpeMeHn: hxx He.ir.3ir 6bao pas- pintHTt. ex noMomjsi to.ti.ko Toro, ito 6hao toax pyKa«H. HaAO6axo nepettecTH hxx bx 6o.rte hihpokvio cijiepy, paspimarx hxx bx 6oaie BIHpOKHXX pasMipaxx.

— 244 — IIpaKTH^eCiiiS yMT* EsaTepHHW Hainan, bcxoa® H3® 9TorosaipyAnn- Te.ibHaro nojoatema. OHa BH^lua yze, ito c® aPobhhx® BpeMeH® yiBcp- i Exact rfcaaa cbesb aeaxy cHCTevon Hamero ynpaBxeHia h cyjb6o» c.iy*H.raro coc-ioBia. $opMH Bcerxa cooTriTCTBOBajH snici vaTepiajy. IlepBoi) MucxtD IleTpa, KaK® mu bhxIuh, 6ujh vfccTHua yapeaijeHia, h■TOJtKO HanpaaeuHoe cocToanie rocyxapcTBa ofipaiHxo ero vucxb k® ycHaeuHoS peHipamBaniH. l).!aroj,apa aanpinxeniD cxysHxaro cocxosia, muc.ii. ero Moraa ocymecTBHTtca. HecBOfioxsoe cocaoBie jojsho 6hjo c.rfaoiiaTb aa xoaoh® 3aBonOAaTexbCTBa. Ho, c® ocBofiomxoHieii® jbo- paHCTBa, c® yAaxeHiev® ero b® o&iacTH, c® noaB-ieHiev® hcthhhoseme- BjaaiJitaecKaro tuacca, Ao.mnia 6u.m npoiiwfiTH SHannTexbHaa nepe- xtna b® aaKOHOsaTexbCTBi; CHCTeMi ynpeameHift npaxoAH-ioci. cjSao- saTt 3a cayzHXUM® cocjouiev®, b6o toabko b® ero cpe^t. osa vor.ua HaftTii npHMtHCHie h noxynn® ocymecTinenie. EKaTepaHa II dobhasl xoponio, n o bc i saxyvaHHtia eio petfiopMH, net nonpocu, noxnmimieca b® aAMHHHCTpanin, voryT® paspinuiTbca tojbko Ha nmpoKOV® noxfc vicTHux® yqpezxeniS ‘). E a yapezAenie o ry6epmax® HBAOjro OCTaHOTca navHTHHKOM® ma- poKHX® TeopeTHaecKHx® b-mi haob® , npeBoexoxnofi noAroTOBKH h ray- 6oaaro noniiMania npaKTHqecKOfl croponu Atxa h cpeACTB® e® cosep- meHiio 3aAJ’MaHHaro HavtpeHia. CoaHHema rr. AHApeeBcsaro h JIox- BHHKarO, AOCTaTOBHO n03Hai£0Mll.!H ny6.SHKT c® oCiriHM® xapaKTepOMt H r.ianntftniMMH ocHOBaHiavH 3Toro noxoaema. /[xa Harnett pt.m joctb- tohho fiyjeTb ocTaHOBHTbca Ha rxaBHtix® vftcTax®, iiorvmHX® paa®- acHHTt npeACTaBJieHHHe Burae Bonpocti. Mothb8mh k® HSAAHis) HOBaro yqpeaAOHia aBXHDTca ofimHpHOCTLnpezirax® ryCepHifl, cvfimeme npex- veroB® b4aovctbb h B.iacie8, h, kbk® posyxtTaT® hx® , *ex.reHHOCTt, ynymeBia, CBoeBO.ibCTBO, a6exa h t. a. ^ xh OTCTpanenia 3thx® ho- yAofiCTB®, HMnepaTpana npn6iraeT® E®.-jBym vfepam—k® yveHtme- Hi» o6®eMa ryfiepniH h k® yBejreqeHi» b® neft Ko.raaecTBa pasHtix® yapezAeHiS, veatAy KOTopuvH npeAno.iara.iocb pacnpeA^-WTh Afcxa, co- cpoAOToneHHua no r fx ® nop® b® BevHornx® sricrax® otfjacraoro ynpaB-ienia—b® pysax® bocboa® , ry6epnaTopoB® h hx® KaHneaapiS,