— 245 — e i iiBiioxy ymepOy (SucrpoTii h cnpaB8A-rabooth. ym-Hwiieniu ofaesia ry6cpnin, npu HantpeniH cuaSjiiTb ee SBaqiiTejiHUMi KOJHTecTBOMi pasHiisi ynpeatjemfi, AOKa3HBa.io, n o KasAaa H3i araxi npeanoja- raeHuxi oOaacTcft Ouaa y»e aocTaToiuo Haceaena cayaH-ium coc.10- Biem, tto6u «|iopMBpoBan. usi Hero icaccy HOBaio yupaiueHia. BxtCTo 15 ryOepHift, Koiopua EKSTepHHa aaoia-ia upHiiCTyiueHiHHa npeeroAi, 06pa30Ba.l0Cb HX1 40, H BI 3th TO COpOKl H0BUX1 UeHTpOBT, AO.IHtHO Ou.io nepeABHHyTbca ynpaiueuie, cocpeAOioieHHoe ao r i x i nopi in, CTO.iun’fe, Tam aoaiehh Cura nojiyiHTi, pa3ptmeHie Bonpocu, He Ha- xojHBinio ero b i neHiparanuxi MtcTaxi. 3Atci> no*110 Ou.io yao bh- a4ti., met. CMOTpHTi HNiiepaTpuua HacooTBomeHie RiacTeft, pasAtxenie Koxopux'b BupaaeHO eio bi HacTaB-ieniaxi saKonoAaTe.ibnoft kommhccw. IIpeaAe Bcero ku bhahkt, mHpoKoe ptmenie sonpoca 0 po-re .thi- naro naiaxa bt> CHCTeMt uosaro yuparuieuia. Mu BHAt.111 BUme, tto paarpaiiuienie jhihoS jiiiTe.ibHOCTH, KaKi ochobm AOjatHOCTeS c i HHHHCTopcKHMi xapaKTcpoMi, oti Tofi ate jtHTe.ibnocTH, kbei HeoCxo- Aimaro a.icHCHTa oxpaHHTe.ibuu.xi h KOHTpo.rapyioinHxi yipeatneuift, Chao ho pasptniHMO b i ueiiTpa.iLHUxi ynpeatAefliaxi. 3aTpyjneain saiuioiajiHCb b i tout., tto sorAa HHnepaxpHua npeAnpuHaia cboh pe- ifiopHU, ona HaTOAsay-iacb Ha ao-behocti, KOTopaa Aoaxna 6u.ia Ka- saTbca eft BouJomemeMi .ramaro uaqaja b i caHOMi mupoKOMi cMuc.it, hmchho aa AOxatHOCTb reHepaji-npoKypopa. Ha Heft ocHOB&xa OHa cboh Hpeo6pa30B8TeAbHua HaAeatAU, ho, bohotho, hmi He cyatAeeo Ouio ocy- nyecTBHTbCfl. reHepam-npoxypopi He non cA&iaTica thuomi hhhh- crepcBOft aoashocth; ohi Ch ai oxpaHHTejeHi b i cpeAt caitaro oxpa- iiHTe.n.Haro coOpama, KOHcepBaTopi cpeAH KOHcepBaTOpoBi h BApyn e*y nopyqaiOTi opraHH30BaTb Taisia aoajshocth, rAt raOKOCTb, H3MtH- THBoeTb, xei'KocTb bi nepexoA't ott> OAHOft chctcmu e i Apyrofl, cocia- B.THKIT'b jyTHlia HHeoOxOAHMHH EBTeCTBa; OTeBHAHOTBKau ABOHCTBCHBaa po.ib He Horxa yatuTLca b i oahomi (Phshtgceomi .rant. Bonpoci Tpe- OoBa.11 Oo.ite r.iyConaro pasptmeHia. HeoOxojHMO .6u.io BujtjniTb AHTHoe Eanajo b i HUHtmHOMi, yBKOHi cnuc.it oti Toro, Koropoe aBH- aocb MorymecTBeuuuMi punaroMi a oxpaaHTeaeui neTpoacBHxi ynpe- atAemft, h onpeAtxBTb hxi Bsansraoe OTBomeHie. PasptmeHie bto CAtaaao ynpeatAemeMi 0 ryCepaiaxi. •Bo r.iaBt ero HOCTaHOBxeHO ahuo, saaneHie KOToparo ao HaCTOatnaro BpeMeHii He BUHCH6H0 HajKoS, ho aacjyiKHBaem rjiyOoEaro BHHuaHiH—9to aojk- HocTbrjaBHOKOHaHAyminaiohah TocyAapeBa HaxicTHHEa. He hb oahomi ynpeatjcniH mmepaTpHua He ocTauaBXHBaeTca tbbi aoato h c i tbeod noApoflHOCTiio, ebki Ha BToft aoaikhocth; o6a3aHHOCTH ero, xapaETcpi ero A'fcaTe.itHocTH kcthc.ibbtch h onpejt-raiOTca c i yAHBHTe.ibHo» tothoctib). OTeBHAHO OHa B03.TOHtn.ia hb Hero COAblHlH HaAeatAU. Ka-
— 246 — Kin ae 6hah bth Hft^esju? Hairtcrsim He cyifca u ja x e He a^HH- HHCTpaTopi*, bx cT]ioroMx cHUCjt CAOBa. Out HHKoro He MOaen, cy- jHTb, ho xojaeHX oTcij.iaTb bbhobhuxx B'b HaAAeiBamee cyAefiBoe niCTo; cji.iosaxeai.HO, cyjx hsxatx. otx .wmaro ajemeHTa. Aahbhh* CTpania cocpejoTOiena bx pyaaxx. ryCepnaTopah APyrnxx npHcyxctBeH- huxx. Mien., HaxoAamHxea otx Hero bx OMHaKOBOHX nojiHHema, ho OHX KHKX 6U CTOHTX BHi HXX; BajBJoe H8X 3THXX M'icTX, B'b TOSCO. 4HCJi h HasiiCTHHHecKoe upaB-ienie, BMteTX cbok> BaKOniennys) opra- HH3anic. OOasaHuocTb HawicTHHua ecTb exporoe a xoinoe aafi-noieHie 3a'HcuoaneHieirB 38kohobx co cxopoHU riOixHHeHHbixx. eny Micxx a .ram (cjoab npanajaeKaTb: vroaoBHaa naaaTa, rpassaHCKaa naaaxa, Ka3enHaa naaaxa k hmx no^xHHCHtiua srim , oOepx-uoAHHifiMeficxepx, ropojHH’iifi, uesLieirfepu, npHKasx o6mecTnenHaro upHspinia, cooiernwi cya’t); HafiaioaeHie, btoOu ohh He bhxoahah hsx Kpyra ofiimimocxefi, BoaxoatcHHux-b na hhxx, aesHTX Ha Hesix. Ohx ofieperaTeab Hanepa- TopcKHJtx BejH4ecTB0scx Hajamiaro yaasOHeHja, xojaxafi aa noassy ofiiuym h Tocyiapesy, sacTynHHEX yricHeHHBixx h noCyjHxeab 6ea- nacHbixx a ia i. BaaroycxpofiCTBO bx naMicTHHiecTBi, enocirtraecTBO- sanie ax Hcuo.iHeHiso aaKOHOBx h cnocofix ex yAOBO.ibCTBiD Kaataaro saKOHHBiMx ofipaaosix, saBHeHTX otx ero uoneiema; ohx jojsbhx upe- ciKaxb BcaKaro poja aioynoTpefiaema, DpeHMymecTBenno pocaoiDB 6es- aipnyio h paaopHTeabnyio, 6esuyTCTB0, motobctbo, thpbhctbo h aeexo- kocth. Ohx joaatenx BCTynaxica aa Bcsicaro, kotono jiaa n x Boaoaaxx, h nprayatAaTB cyaefiHua Micxa CBoero HasricToniecTBa pimHTb TaKoe to xbao, ho othsoab He sriuiaacb bx hpohsboactbo ero, xasx ebex ok» X03RUW, tt/Sepmu, a tee cydtii. Ohx ho* BOAJHBoe pimeHie h aotocth ceHaiy, a bx j l paTpnni. OcotfeHHO saseax ero Hajsopx bx jix a x x yrojosHaxx, ta* pimeHia o .iHraeniH aecxH h HscymecxBa bobcb He aoj* hh (Shtl npa- boahhh bx HCHOAHeme 6eax npeACTaBAesia BasitcTnKKy. E«y Bajxe- * htx saSoTHTBCa, itoGh bx HasiicraHaecTBi He Chao HCAocxaTEa bx HysBiSniHxx npHnacaxx, ebkx to bx x-jiGt, coah h npoa. CBoeBpe- sieHHoe nocTyHAeme cGopOBx h pespyTCKaa hobhhhoctx je *a ix Ha ero oco6omx noneaeHiH. Bx norpaHHiHuxx ryfiepHiaxx ohx jojschx CpaTb irpeAOCTopoaHOCTH otx coctAHHXx rocyAapcTBX h, bx cxyaai Hy«AB, npHHHMaTB bobhhuh sripa. Tan*e io.i* chx ohx saCoxHTbca 0 npeAoxpaneHiH HapoAa otx HeenacTift, bx cjyaaaxx aopa, HaBOjHeHia h noacapa. „Ciobomx cuasaTB, rOBOparx y*aax, hochhbih rocyAapeBa KeHx ohx noKasaTb bx nocTyniiaxx cbohxx A«5po- ), jnoCoBb h co6o.ii3HOBanie kx HapoAy“ :). ’) yxpexjeBie 0 rySepaiaxi (n. C. 3. K 14392), m —92.
— 247 — BciiaTpHBaflCb bi btoti xapaKTepi HOBaro caitoiiHKKa n cootbJt- CTByiomaro euy HautcTHaoecKaro upaii-ieuia, Koropouy nopyieHU booth T'li 36 0(<a3HHH0CTH, TOJIbEOCl fio.lte aiMHBHCXpaTHBHlJMl h .vise cy- AefiHHMi xapaETepoMi, Heibsa ne bha4tl bi othxi yipeameniaxi no-maro ocymcoTB-ieHia Toro, bto MBuepaTpana HasuBaja oxpawHTe-ii- HOB BXaCTBB). 3,tfiCTBHTeEBHO, BXeUeHTl Hai30pa, OXpaHeHia, BaKOBft— jesHn b i hxi ocnoBaniH. Ob i npoHHKaen net npoaia hxi. ofinsaH- hocth, Eysa BX04HTI Tauste tocti, no.»Hpe0caaa, aaftoruo faaroycTpo#- cisi h fi.iaroHHnia, Ooxofiso HawtcTOBsy a HaMtcTHHiccKOOnpasjeHie „flitHie CBOe npaxosHO BpocTEpaen, ja 6u saxoBU Beajh liiun hcbo-t- HHeatr, Bsucsauie ouhhtl co u ctxi uenocxymBuxi, pohthbuxi, j4- HBBHX1 B HejUHTeJBHHXl... H 6yXfi H6 HdipaBJEKITCa, TO.OHHXl El cyjy OTCHjaera... bc4 HenopnjuH, saKoaaMi upoTHBHtie, npeKpaniacTi safijnroBpeueHHO, npwe»Hoe ciapaaie HMteTi 0 vCTanoBAeHia, yTBepa- jeBia h coxpaHeHiu bi HCHapynnjMocTH seaxaro... nopajKa, smpa h thbuihu...\" Oho hm4cti ryfiepHCEaro uposypopa x jByxi CTpannaxi, Koiopue JJOHOCHTl eHJ O Bctll 3aMtlCHBUX'b HHH (5e3BOpB,XKaXl H sxoynoTpe(5xeHiaxi a, eexa npaB-ienie HaftfleTi hxi auuoOu oCHOBa- Teai.HHHH, oho Aaeii hmi pasptmieuie upecjfcAOBaTb bhhobhhxi cy- Aefiauai nopa.woMi ‘). noBTopaem, HMnepaTpHna ocTanas-raBaeTca ci oco6eHHO» nojpo6- hoctIb Ha bthxi AByxi ycTauoB-ieniHxi, uoTOMy bto huh AaeiCH co- BcpnicHHO HOBaa opraHHsania Haiajaui, BUAtjemrum hsi npauHT6JB~ CTBeHHofi ci|>epu. ToBopa 0 hhxi, HunepaTpHipi ae jtiaen. cpaBHeHia c i lipexHaua yipeKAeaiflKH, Easi ohb cpaBHHBaerb, Hanpautpi, na- aaxuc i Boa.teriaua. Haxsopi a xpaHeme, bi caaoai nmpoEOUi cauc.it, C0CTaB.ia»Ti OTjHBHTejbiiy» axi aepTy; oxpaBHrexbHoe Haqaao aoay- mio b i hhxi opraHHsapiE—ho Easyn? Bo-nepBnxi, mbi bhahmi, bto Bucmee 0-raueTBopeHie ero aaKanaaeTca bi aomhocth hbh4cthheb, cjtiOBaTexbHO aaaaufi BaeaeHTi noayaaen 3jtcb nepestci aaji ocTajbHUHH. Oh i He bxoahti y*e, Rani bi nexpoBCsaxi yapeiue- aiaxi, b i cociaBi coorntiCTBeKHofi KO.iaeriH ci oapeAtaeBaoio c<j>epo» AtScTBifi. HanpOTHBi, ohi ctobti nasi 611 Blit ofiipe ajMHHHCTpaTHii- boS c^epu, Ki KOTOpoft obi OTHOCHTca, Easi CHXbHoe HaASHpanujee H EORTpoaapyBHiee HaBa.ro. OcBOBUBaa oxpaHBTMbHyB BaacTb b i ry6ep- Hia aa abhhomi sjeaeaTt, HHnepaTpaua uoraa bhb6cth ero hsi r i x i paaoEi, Eyja saMEnyji ero IleTpi; doji cjobohi oxpaHenie hohh- aaeica y«e nc npocTaa cacTeaa npoTecroBi, a xiaTe.ibaoe yaacrie b i aAMBHHCTpaaia, aa ceojbeo bto HystHO j.ia npexynpexxeHia bi Ha- poAt aecaacTit a BOjiiopenijr ortmaro 6.iarococT0BHia. Boti noaeay ') Id., on. 95, 96 e cjij.
i ! i I g11i I i *11!1^1 aS f- «; g31iIIsg•l Sll' lii;s5lifii\"grlsitsIl5Sissh|s|!alis«li;^«isIi|s^SilSi:s OS s 5 111! ? ’| - 3 ^ | - S “ \" o | S . 3 § S 0- g i )ny xapaKTepy btoA l i l i i 8'Sl|IS|a! I l l t1 !l lf| if IIt*1 5, 1I a§1■101l1 l1ifii -I!i !! -! 111” lI V1l 1aS111i a11 a s . 1 ?' a « ^ g ? g. i S Is 61 I I I w &llIs I t ill i ll ll 11
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— 249 — no.iHoe toceoactbo Kanue-wpiS. CauuB ceHaTB TTBCTBOBajB Ha ceSfi 9to orcyTCTBie acnBoro KO.ueriajiBHaro Haiaia “). IlaKonent pasrpaHH- HeHie BJiacTefl h BfciOMCTBB, KOTopoe Ueipa> jyHajB npoMBCCTH no- cpejCTBOM'B KOXJierift, aerie kojbho 6uao ocymecTBHTB Ha y3Kofl npo- imimia.iT.Hoft now);, rjrfe ohh hsb rocy.iapcTBeHHUXB yipeatjeHiit cb foiMiiiiMH npeTeHaiaMH, npeupaina-iHCb bb 6orie capoMnua oSaacxHHa ycTaHOBJieiiia. Haiaao mo. cjrfcjoBajo xeuept hcbbtl bb rv6epuiaxB, h, jificiBH- TOJtHO, hoab hmohomb naxaiB, 6oatraaa qacTi soaaeriB uepeaeceHa a t ofiaacTH, r j £ OHi AoaaiHu uoayraTB hobhji cnau bb xHsoft cpeni ofi.iacTHUXB cocaoBiB. Bo.ii.maH toctb sthxb noaaeriB 6naa nepeHeceua ipIukkomb co bc4mh hxb nopa*KaMH h oprammrpeio. yapesjenie o rvCepaiuxB nocToaBHO cpaBHHsaeTB hxb cb KOXieriasm, KOTOpua ohh AO-iikhli Sii.ih aaM'biiHTi. „najain hhhto nnoe cyTt sasB jenapraMeHTH Koaaerifi“'. „Ka3eHHaa naaaTa ecn. hh mo hhoo, kerb coe^Hneiiiiiift .lenapiaMeiiTB KaMepB- h peBHaiOHB-Koaaerifi, KOTOposiy nopyaaiOTca bb cvorptaie aoMOCTpoHTeatniia h Raaonnua toB ryCepma... CB TaKoio npoiHBB sajiepB-K.o.T.ieriH omisHOio, hto EasenHaa naaaTa hhboio He cyiHTBu. llaaaTa yroaoBHaa cocTanaaeTBaenapTaaenTB mcTnnB-Ko.i.ierin, rpaauiaHCKaa naaaTa coejHHeHHHfi aenapTaaeuTB dcthub- h bothhhhoB- KOaaerifi; kto HeflOBoaeHB pimeHieHB naaaTa, acaao6y cbo» uphhochtb bb ceaaTB, KaKBhuh* Ha KoaaeriH h t. a. 1). fliaTeaBHOCTB bc4x b 3thxb iiaaaTB,a paBHOhapyraiB cyiefinuxB ynpeayeHiB (kbkb, Hanp., Bepxnaro cvaa, ryfiepHCsaro naracTpaTa h BepxHefi pacnpaBH) oOBenmuieTca h HanpaBaneTCHHauicTHHROHBh HaM'IiCTHHHOCEHMBnpaBaeHieMB, qpeBB ko- Topoe o6BHBaHBTca hxb pimenia h noHy»aa»TCH caMun’naaaru kb cKoptflnieHy HCnonHemn TpelSOBaHiflnpyrHXB npHCj'TCTBeiiHHXBh4ctb ’). Ho Kpoiris SToro HOBaro uanaau, irpn hhxb coxpaim.ioci. ycTaHOBJeme H3B CTaparo EoaaeriaabHaro nopaxKa. Phjomb cb ryfiepiicRHMB HaatCT- hhkohb cymecTByeTB eme cncTeiia npoKypopoBB, no-iyiHSinaa TenepB ja a e fioate nmpoKoe pasBHTie, niuB npeatne. Bo-nepBHXB, npn buc- mnxB rySepHCKHXB yipeaueniaxB — uantcTHimecKOMB npanaeuiB h TpexB naaaiaxB, cyineciByerB ry6epHCKifl npoEypopB cb ABjita CTpan- hhhh. Ero ofiasaHHOCTH coBepmeHHO nanoMiiHaim, r 6, KOTopHH Hsao- jaeHU bb npoKypopcKUXB yqpesxeHiaxB Ilerpa h ero upeeMHHBOBB. >) Cp. sanacu ciaTci-cesperapa I’prtOoBcitaro, cip. 41. „S oieas paia cuuaia »ohb (uMnepaTpaaa) mi, MOra snaeuu, muincaapciiS oopaxosi. Th nopnaS6yjeBl CCBSTJHCBOJinnieu «oero jcrasa. Ho bbci npejjnpeKiao, mo ceaaTcaaji utaie- aapis ojoaiaa ceaan, aoTopsfi a xoiy ora KaHneinpia ocEoSoiBrt... IIpn can a cnaaara „apoiit ceeaia a no xpjtbhb Btcram. lose jiiaetca\". ’) yipex.t. o rjrff, bb. 413, 414; 118, 106, 115, 131. *) Ibid., nn. 127 h 128.
— 250 — npn saaHCHBaaia hobhxb shkohobb bb ERHry, ryfiepnCKia yipeaieaia BucjymHBaK/n. ero aaExnienio o caucat aroro aanoHa. IIpH aaiaxt cpoiHaro sactjaHia, ohb bcthtb iHTaTB npn.iHiHue Atay saKoau; o n C-rtAHTT, 3B v i n , ITOftU OAIIO HpacyTCTB6HH0e irtCTO He BTOpraaOCBB*. npeaaeTB BijoacTBa apyroro; no .vfcxaKB,conpaateHntiMt cbKaseaHHifB HHTepecoHX, ohb aaieTB npaBO jaiiaTL cboh sait-iffiaeiiia. Oat c jtjaT i 3a 8aoyuoTpe6aeaia*H bb rySepnia a aohochtb o hhxb HaatcTBHKY h.th reaepajB-apoKypopy; uaKoaeiiB, ohb bo bcomb no^iaaewB reae-. paat-npoKypopy, aaKB ero oko. Ecjh, npHHaHicTHHaecKOMBnpaBxeaia, npOKVpopT. nOJyiHJB HtCKOJBKO HOBHS OTTtHOET., TO, npa CO«OBHHXB cyjax'1,, ohm Bno.iat yxepacaaz cbo# npeaHiB xapasxepB. HcuoaHemo fiyKBBi MKoaa, 3aEJH>aeaia no aaataoMy stay, npoTecTU no OTA’fcabBHMB cjyqaaM’B, yaacrie kb EaaiOMt noaia mart ajMHHHCTpaniH, no yaaciie ijjopiouBHoe, saMKByToe bb Tirana paMKa, botb bto xapaKtepasyeTB hxb jtarejBHOCTB. Ohh npeacje » h.ih h TonepB npojOji«aioTB jehtb oahobj *H3flB» cb Koa.ieriaMH a n cb naaaTaan, aaKB oat aasBaau bb yapeiEienia o ryftepniaxB. Cb caHaro naaaaa oCnapysa.ioci, hxb pfasoe OTJHlie OTB BHOBB CO3janH0S CHCTeMLl aajsopa HXH OxpaHBTeOLHOS BxacTH, B.iacTH jiarexanofi, aceciopoHaei, o6BejHHHiomeB a opraaa- syiomeB irtcTHoe ynpaBxeaie. 'I'Iimb jaatuie mm noABHraeaca bbacTopia ryOepHifi, r k n pisae o6HapyaHaaeTca bto pasaHiie; Me»ay tSmb ebeb ojhhb nopaxoKB Haj(3opa ofipasyeTB, HaKoaenB, Bccsiorymee xaao Ha- MtcTHHKa, a nocat HaqajBHHBa ryfiepaia, cacTeMa npoKypopcsaro Ha*- 30pa oieBajeo npaxojBTB bb ynaaoKB. CHaiaxa 6hjo coKpameito ca noe nacao nposypopoBB; “hsb 12 qeaoaiKB, noaoxeHHHXB no CHxi yapeKaenial nocTeneaao ocTaeTca tojbeo ojhhb ryfiepncKifi nposypopB cb ryfiepHCKHMH a yisiHUMH CTpaniaHH. IIocTeneHHO BHpoasjaacB, xbg- tc-ibhoctb hxb cocpejoTOqHBaercH, aaKoaeai, aa npocroMB npocMOTpi aypnaaoBB a aaaiBiaifl npHSaaaB caMOCTOHTexbHOCTH ciHiaeTca yae ■ itMB TO He06MKBOBeBHMMB, IIOpajEaCTB Bet yMH MiCTHOB 8JMHHH- c’Tpaiua. IIo cipaHaoMy npoTHBOpiain 9Ta .imirnnn cHCTeaa Hajaopa, bto OTataeaie jByxi chctcmb, bsb eotopmxb caoBaoe pasaaTie ojnoB, jiaaao jpyryc fiesnoaesHOB (JwpMaakHOCTMO, cyuiecTaoaaao *o nocotv Haro BpeMeaa, sor.ua apeofipasoBaHie cyaefiaoS qacTH bubcjo nposypo- pOBB H3B HXB DaCCHBBarO COCTOHHiff H B03BW0 HXBHa CT6H6HbHCTHHB0 o6n;ecTBeHHUXB aiaieaefi. Taas paapinraaca BonpocB o najsopi bb MtcTHuxB yqpe«fleHiaxB. OScTOHTeatcTBa cb ojhoS h saaoEojaTeabCTBO cb jpyrofi cropoau bu- pafiOTa.TH hobhB thhb oxpaHHTeanrocyjapcTBeBHUXBHHTepecoBB—„ro- cyiapesa oaa a CTpanaaro o xiaaxB rocy.yapcTiieHhhxb“, ho ram, BTOTB naoxo mhphtch cb KoaaeriaabHHMH yqpea*eniaMH; npe^B ero saaqeaieMB CTymcBUBaBTCfl r t oaua npeaaaro uajaopa, KOTopua bxo-
fla n Bb cocTan'i. jcojjerift, nopeneceHHUXb Bb ofiaacTH, CAHsaiOTbcbo» fliaTCJbHOCTb Cb HXb fliaTCJI.HOCTi.KI. OxpaHHTC.IbilO-aflMHHHCTpaTHBHaa BjacTB ryfiepHHTopa norflomia snaieHie npeKHeS oxpaHHTefli.HO-EO.ue- riaJtnoft fliarejibHOCTK npoicypopoBb. 3ajiiHaTOJibH0 raicace, tto Tpn pofla BflacTH, BHCTaBjeHHue HMnepaTpHueS, nojyiHflH Haflfleacaiu.ee pas- BHTie To.ibKO Bb ntcTBHXb yHpeacfleniaxb. Ohh nojyiiun BHaiBTeflbHoe yiacTie bo bjibcth saaoBOflaTC-ibHoS, T&Kb Kan hht. npeflOCTa&ieBO npaso Bb ofimeMb co6paBiH naflan rrpeflCTaiuBTi, o hcoCxoahmocth ho- buxi saKOHOBb, a .Tasace npiocTanaBjHBaTb HCDOflHeHie r&xb yicasoab, KOTopue Moi.ia, no hxt. coofipaaceHuo, bctp4thtb HeyfloficTBa, npu Biie- fleuiH hxt. bt>fl'IiHCTBie. HcuoflHHTeflbHaaBjacTb nojyiHJa XHoro noouxb opraHOBb. HaKOHeub BjacTb oxpaHHTCflbHaa iio.irnija canoe mapoiioe pasBHTie, nc Bb cnuc.if, npeacnaro fiyicaacHaro Hajaopa, a fliflcTBHTe.il.- HOii opraHHBauia uapoflHHXb CHJb. Huaero uoflofiaaro He Oujo y®e Bb ueBTpa.ii.HUXb ynpeacfleniaib. TlepsuMb h HenocpeflCTBeHHUKb pesyjbTaTCnb oroS pecftopnu fibijo to, uto hh reHepaflb-npOKypopb, hh ceHan ne Horan yace Hirfub fli-io cb aCB3H0HHblHH BOUpOCaHH CTpaHH, BJlHTb Ha 0011)10 BCHBHb yipeacfleniii. OomeeHanpaHfleuie ajHHHHCTpaum, o6mi# Haflsopb aa Hen 6u jb nopy- le u i cHCTeirh HaMicTHiiKom. h ryfiepnaTopoBb, KOTopue 6u.th npejcra- BHTCflflMH flpyraxb HaiaJb. Ha floxn npeacnaro Haxsopa ocTaetca HdCflDHHTeJIbHO TO, TTO BOSHO Ha3BaTb 6flHacaftlBHMl. HaA30pOMb, T.-6. iipecfltflOBaHie nacTfluxb woynoTpefijeiiiS h npoiecTU no OTfliubHUMb cxyiaanb cyflefinoti npaKxnKH. Mu bhaIiah, tto ora lacn., npeacje HM'hBniaa tokoc snaienie noflb BjiameMb fliaTCAbHOcra (JmcicaJOBb, xe- nepb BupaiaaeTCH tojbko Bb iJopnaJibHonb npocHOTpi acypHaflOBb npa- cyTCTiteHHbixb M ien, Bee Co-rte h 6oj4e iiOAnajaninHXb BJUHHin Ha- nliCTUiiKOBb '). Meacfly rfiMb cHCTeiia nponypopoBb t4cho CBasbiBaerca Cb flHUOBb roHepajb-npoitypopa, KOTopuil ciHTaeTca HXb neuocpei- CTBeHHUBb HaiaJiBHKOHb, a OHH ero „OiaMH\\ KOTOPUBH OHb pBflHTb. Bo BCHKOMb Cflyiai ohh 6hjh cahhctbchhumh ero opyjianH, areHTaHH Bb HicTHOMb ynpaBjeHia; paab ohh 6ujh ofipeneHu Ha hhcto cpopMajb- Hyn fltuTeflbHOCTb, Ha 6esnflOAHyn oniHCEy, Taaofi ace xaparrepb AOflacna fiu.ia npuHHTb h npiiHH.ia, fltficTBHTexbHO, fliareAtiHOCTb re- Hepaib-npoicypopa. OHb, a bm4ctS cb HHMb h ceHan, le p a n n to BHa- ueHie, KOTopoe nu mstth.ih Bb uapcTBOBaHie EiHsaBera HeTpoBHH. JKh-
— 262 — eoe, j.iflTejLHOe ynacrie bx ajMHHHCTpaniH ynwo nsx ctojhuu bx ry- CepHia: bx ciOJHni ociajocb ojho iJwpsajkHoe aaC-nojcnie h Baane- xapcBaa OTnncita. 9to 6urb nepBua pesyjbT&TX HOBaro yipeatjema. Ho aa hhmx capuBaaoCb Apyroe u eme dojrfee BaxHoe nocr&ACTBie. Peifopxa Esare- piiHH fiioa, bx cymHOCTH, iiepeHeceHicxx soxierifi H8x neHTpa bx ofijraCTH, ta4 ohh ao.i * hu 6ujh oshbhtlch hobumh, yja-iHBiuHMHca Tyaa BAOxeHrauH. BiricTi ct» KO-ueriiiMH yja-nwocb xyga hKO.weria.ib- Hoe naiaao. CocpejOTOienHua npeKAe bx cro.jHU’fc, cx ceaaioMX bo r.iaBi, EOAieriu aoboaxho yAaiuo ocymecTBjajH MHCAh Ilerpa h, upw AaABHifimexx paSBHTin, »or.w 6a pacnpocTpaHHix tochoactbo ko.iao- ria.n.Haro Hanaja do uciiMX cijjepaMX aAHHHHCTpaiiiH, Eaax bto Hananx A^aaTb h caxx npeo6paaoBaTe.il. bx cyAe6Hofi lacra. Ynpeauenie o ry- Cepniaxx nnane ptinujto btotx Bonpocx: KO.i.ieriaji.Hoe nanaio, hoa- Aepxunaexoc npeaye cobokvuhobd AtaTeabHOCThio ceHaTa h jpyrftsx Biicnmxx ynpeaAeHiH, fiujo paaA'kieno, paaSmo, tekx cKasaTt, aa ab4 lacra. Ojna H3x hhxx diwa nepcHeccaa bx ry6epm», rgi npejcTaB- jaciioe MMX sana.10 aojubho 6luo cTymcBaTbca npejx B-iacTbD ry6ep- naTopOBX, a bx CTOAHpf, eAHHCTBeHHHHXnpeACTaBHTeaeHXbtoto Hana-ia ocTaAca ceHaTX. IIo ito Taaoe 6hax ceHarx 6esx Kojaeri*? CcnaTx He Bu'Kax caxocTonTCJLHaro SHaneHia; ohx BHAi.iH.aM hsx Kowerifi, Kaax Bucmee KOHTpojHpyr>mee, o6xeAHHH«mee h HanpaBwoinee Hanaao. J a a ycHaema a-roro Haqaaa, npa Heux yqpe*AeHa ao-ikhocti, reHepaax- npoKypopa. OTjtaaaci. otx Eoaaerifi, ohx, otcbhjdo, aHniaaca dobbu h Aaze CBoero raison d’etre. Hto aoasho npoH3o2rn cx bhcihhhx bu- paxemexx xaKoro-.iH6o Hanaaa, KOi'Aa caMoe Hanajo OTAtaeHO otx Hero, nepeHeceno bx APyryD cijiepy, nocTaBaeHO bx hhuh ycaonia, BHAomart- HaeTca h HaKOHenx Hciesaeix hoax BaiaHieMx hhhxx saexeHTOBx? Ecah bx ry6epHiH EoaaeriaaxHoe Haiaao 6hjo nojaB.ieno sHaneHiesix HOBOfi OXpaHHTeaXHO-aAMMHHCTpaTHBHOS BaacTH, BX CTOJHll,t 0K0D0CT0- lieHHO yciynaeix Micro HOBOMy MHHHCTepcKOMy Hanaay. TaxHMX o6pa- 80hx, oxpaHHTeabH&H, KOHTpojHpynmaa Baacib CAtaaaacx neBOaMOKHOB bx peHTpa.ibHuxx yqpezAeHiaxx. Ynacrie ea bx saxoaoxaTeabHofi BaacTH 6uao yae He xasx o6hihpho, Taax hto ceHaTX He HMiax Aaae npaBX, npeAOcraBjeHHbixx o6metiy co6pam» naaaix. Bahsoctb MOHapxa obcbrahoAOJ*iia6uia cocpexoTODHTi.nc» »TyA*areabHOCTb Bxero annil. Ha AOa» neHTpaabHHxx yqpezAeHiS ocTaaocx, caiAOBaTeabHO, to, ito HMnepaTpHna HaaunaeTx BaacTbocoBcpniHTejbHofl, h, A'tflcTBHTeabHo, cx OToro BpeueHH HamH peiiTpaabHua ynpeaxeuia npeACTaBaaiOTx CHab- ni&wee pa3BHTie HcnoaHHTeabHoB naacTH h ja z e opraHH3apia Bxx CKaaABUiaexcH bx mrrepecaxx bto6 oahoB B.racTH. Ha ocHOBaHiH iJipaH- nyacEaro npasHaa, hto agir est le fait d'un seul, ynpevKxema bth opra-
— 253-— HR3yOTC2 1HCT0 KaHDejHpCKHMT. nOpHAKOHE B CE3T0r0BpCMOnHMOSHO yse roBopHTL o pyccKofi OopoKpariH be sanaAHOME chhcj4 ototo Mona, ^na npH3naKa xapaicrepBsyiOTE bto JiBjeHie—yHHBTOKeHie koji- ,ieri(i ce DocTenenHOio 3an£HOD hxe m inum aoaskoctjtkh h npe- BpameHie reHepaoeE-aposypopa, ocah ne be nepuaro, to be cn.itnt.8- niaro MHHHCTpa. YnuHTOseme KOAAcrifi naiajoct h 1rp0A0.1sa.10ct no irfcpi toto, KaKt BBOAUAOct H0B06 yrpes,ieHie o ryOepniaxt. Yse be 1776 r., ce- H8TCKHHE yKa30HE IipHBanaHO H6 noAaBaTt niAOHOCTefi HSE HaMiCTHH- aecTBE be peBB3ioHE-KO.uerii), thke heke aah pennairr ctctobe be ry- 6cpniaxE yipesAeau liaaermua ira-jara. Bc-rijCTBie BTOro, sanaTia pe- BHsiOHE-KOAjierin orpaHHHnjTHCb peBHsien cmctobe t6xe yipesAenifl, ko- tophh He 6ijah nepcaecoHH be ry6epniH. Ho h 3Aict ea AiaTeatBOCTb 6uja ciiopo orpauHiena, noTOHy bto efi sanpemeHo pascMaTpHBaTt aija , uoAACsara,ia BoeHHOH ao-uerin. 3ar£nE netme KO-ueriHME h KaHneaa- piairt <5uxo npcArmcaHO, mofiu ohh no A^-iaut, KacanraHMCa BHVTpen- hhxe a4j e HanftcTHHiecTBE, cawn co6oa hhtcto ne npon3Bo.AH.iH, ho CBOCHAHCb 6hl CE HaM'iTCTHHICCKHME UpailAonieME. YKR3E 3TOTE COCTO- ajca, BCjifejCTBie aaaoSu reuepa-rt-ryfiepHaTopa KpeieTHHKona, npH- c.iaHHofi hue, na hmh TcnepaiE-npOKypopa, Ha jificTBia MaHyiJraKTypE- KOA-ierin, rtoTOpaa, uo sruofit; oahok) ^rafipHtaHTa, neitua rtaiiasaTt. pafiOTHHKOBE, AAH TOTOOHH, fieSE CHOmefiia CE HSHiCTHHBeCKHHE Hpa- n.ionioME, 6hah satipanu be MocKBy. Ce 1780 r. nocieneHno Haia- HaDT'b 3aEpuBiiTi.cn pasHtia Miraa npesnaro ynpaBAema; tsre, noere- neHBO yHHHTOseHU sanne-iapia najE TanosenauxH coopaMH, KRHiie- aapia cTpoenia roeyAapcTBennHXE joporE, co-ianaa aomopa, AenapTa- MeHTE, 6tiBtniR npH rocTHAE-KoxaeriH aah cyAefauxEa£ae ocTseScKiixE npoBHHniS, C.-UeTcpSyprcKaa xoneTHan BscneAHuia; znTaTCE-KOHTopi be C.-DeTop6ypri a®be cpoKE no 1 i m i 1781 r., aaah MockobckoB— cenaTy aosboaoho HaariamiTt cpoKE, no cBoeity ycMOTpiHiro. Birtcrfc ce rim., Be.ilao paaoSpaTt n npnBecTH ke OEOHianiro A&ia be cjtnyo- ihhxe KOA-ierinxE: idcthae, BOTiHiiuoft KOHTOpi, noHiopi nonijiHCKaiiiH, KaHepE-EOHTOpi, KOHTOpf. SEOHOXin, flMCKOfi KaHHe.iapiH, KOHTOpi r.iaB- Haro varncTpaTa u posircKHoS KaHue-iapia ’). Be 1785 r. yxe Hxue- paipHua ofinapysHBaeTE HaxipeHie saKpmt sci hchvshijh Tenept EOAAeriH. OHa npHKasireaeTE ocboCoahtb hxe ote .ihidhhxe aJae ce ’) Be 1783 r. faimmeea humiimmi ysa3om (loroparo n*rt be IL 0. 8.), ABaBHHEBa hkh rcHepaii-iipoiiypopa, fieprE-KOJJeria, nocai lero bbboih h Suva- BUI japaBjeaia Cu.ih ncpeiaHU meKUHMt najaiam. 06«ee *e ynpaBjOrtie btibe aiioMCTBOME, no oTHOmeBiD be roCTjapcTseflHH*! joiojam, nepeaaso be sitciie-
-'254 - T i s i , 1T0(5u OHH MOrjH HOKOHIHTb COCiapHMH. C l 3T0D Hijbl) Ottt naoHaiacTt ,ia*e ocofiemo AOBipeunuxb xwyb, KOTopuMb iaen. ofinrap- noe no-iaoMoaie h Bxacib n a ji KOXTcrijnra c i T im , ito6u ohh cnopie kohhh-th xesamia Bb hhxi Aiaa. Tam, Bb TOCTHUb-EOAjeriiD Haaaa- qOHb 6h.VB jiBcTBHTMbHUB TafiHB® COBiTHHEb Ko3.'10Bb, 0 KOTOpOMb HMuepaTpHna roBopnTb Bb ysasi, , hto >oj ysociOBippHH, mo ohi, no raaBiiovy ero Haxb bob uaMaMcmey, npH oaim yccpAHoe none- qeHio, ja 6u Ta noxieria Bb iiepBOfi noxoBHHi fiyaymaro, 1786 r., eo- Heui noxynua\". Koxieria 3BononiH saEpiraa Eb 1786 r. PenBsioHb- soxaerin aosboaoho ociaBHTt oxnHb ,ienapraMeim., usu oKOHiaaia cra- pHxa, ctotobb. ^enapTajienTy KaMepi-EOiierin, fiHBineS riaimoJ coia- ho8 KonTopi, ocTaBnumca u i pimeBia cTapnxb j i x i , rxaBHony »ca- rHcipaxy h npoi. noATBepscAaerca o CEopifimem OKoniaHiH Aim. lloc.it, 3Toro, HMCHUUMH yicasftMH nocTeneHHO naKptiTii: BOTiHUHaa KOJjoria, Koxieria skohouih, BCTHm-Koaieria, peBHsi0Hi-E0xieria,T.-e. EoaaoriH, ap m Koropua cenan, Bxiaxb e& xojt, nicTHoS as«eaa- crpaniH h o6mifi xoxi rocyAapcTBBBHUxx Aim '). UapajjajLHO yHimoateHiio ROMeriS, Hxeib nocTeneHHO BBexeBie bobhxt, ryfiepHCEHXi YipeatAemS. IlepBaa H3b ryGepHifi noxymua HXb, KaaeTca, TsepcBaa. 8ia AiaTeAbHocn. nponua mhmo ceHaia; oni ho HHix b At.ScTBHTeALHaro yiaciia hh Bb ofipasoBaBin ryfiepnii, bb Bb pacnpeAixeHiB b pocnHcaniH ropOAOBb. OrEptiTie ryOepaifl cosepina- aocb AByMa aETaMH.- Bo nepBuxi, HMnepaTpiuja H3fiHpaja AOBipeaHOB AHITO, oGuKBOBeHHO TO, KOTOpOO npeAH.13naia.10Cb Bb HaxicTBHEH E nopyia.ia eMy ofiiixara HicTHOcTH, aoatbohctbob3bniia boSth Bb co- cTaBi ryGepidH. Byxymift HaMicTanm, ocsiaTpHBajrb nicTHOCTH, coofipa- acaxi b x i BTHorpaijiH'iecKoe h reorpaipHiecEoe cpoactbo h, B3BicH8b aa uicTi Bci o6ciOflTe.ifcCTBa, npeACTaBiaxb jihiho HnnepaTparii 06b yxo6- CTBi hah neyAoScTui Hpesnoxaraeitaro comBa. 3aT im , caiAOBaao canoe oTEptiTie ryGepflia, T.-e. yipesAeaie npHcyTCTBeBHHxi Mien,, pocnHcaBie BiTaTOBi, HasHaxeaie aoashoctbuxi abu i. H b i tohi h bib ApyroHi cxyaai a^btoabhoctb ccnaia 6am HesasiTHa. UpeAnoxaraa oTKpui'b ryfiepaiD h socHjaa soro EnGyAB Axa nepBOHaiaABEaro ea ocMoipa, HMnepaTpnna to.it,ko H8nimaja ero o6t, stohi eopotkhhi ysaBOHi. Hanp., npeAnoxaraa oTxpHTb flpocAaacEyio ryfiepniio, hmbc- paTpana Aaxa cenary uixyDniit yKasv. „Ua, noiHTaa 8a fi.iaro yqpe- AHTb BBOBb lipOCAaBCEVK I'yGepuflO, BceHHAOCTHBi&me OUpexiAHAB Bb onyx) AiftcTBHTC.ibHaro TaSnaro coBiTHHEa Me.ibrvHOBa ob ao-tbchoctb reaepaAb-ryGepHaiopa (BaMicTHHaa), nopyiHBb 0Hy*> ryfiepHuo, He ‘) 11. C. 3. J6JS 14505, 14782, 14883, 16074, 16278, 16307, 16809, 16419, 16629.
— 266 — ynycsaa BpeueHH, odiixatt, h no jaHHony on> hecb npratpHOMy pocna- caniio oho# Ha 12 yisAOBB, na'H'icrt. yAOfiaocTbhxb 0CBHitTe,TbCTB0BaTb, h ksk'l o cesib, tbeb h saicie brobb ropoia ,i.m npuniicaHia kb hhmb yfeaoBB HaBHaiHTt Hyaao 6yion>t Hast cawuHiHO npeacTaBBTb”. Bb 8T0MBCMHCjfcHjase BB3TO0ljlOpH'6 HHCBAHCbyFta3UOTBOCHTOJbHOnpO- bhxb ryfiepmS. IIoaoOiihmb »e o6pasoMB H3Biniajca cenaTB h o cbmohb OTspuTin ryOepeiH, npHieRB Ha Hero Bosjara.racb to.ibko ofljmimocTL onpejt.5HTb bb irtcTy t4sb ihhobhhkobb, Basnaienie KOTOpuxB saaH- ctjo otb aero. 3arinB, Baanna.iHCL ero (fiopueiiiiija oTHonienia kb ry- fiepacKOMy HaxaxicTBy, nocuxua ysasoBB, paacMaTproaHie othotobb h t. a. ’). rySepHia Bee fiojrie h 6orfie 3ac.iona.iacb otb CeHaTa npeofipaao- BHHHUHB JMHHUMB HaiajOMB, BUpaSHBBIHMCH BB ry6epHC£0fi B.iaCTH. H He TOAbKO ryCepiria, BB CMHCJ'S COBOKyUHOCTH BpaBHTeAbCTBCHHHXB yipeajeHift, — Batei cb aiMHHHCTpan,ieft vxoahtb hsb boab Bjiaaia ceaaia h AsopaHCKoe.coc-iobig, BOTopoe Tenepb rpyiranpyeTca boepjtb HaaicTHHEa h Haao.inaciB bcb uuCopHUa aoajkhocth. HxiiepaTpHHa, otcbhaho, xorI;,ia c.vkiaTi. uaH'icTHHKa cpejoTOiiesiB xtcTHaio jbo- paHcTBa. Ohb OKpyaeHB twecTame® cbhtob hsb moaoauxb abopshb, bb ero pyKH nocTeneHHO nepexoAHTi, naxsopB sa HanpaBxeHieMB, sa- hhtihmh h cayisOoS ABOpHucTBa. FepoAbjiH, HtKOrja pacnopmiiTe.ib- HHua cayacHJiaro cocaobw, nocTeneHHO cxoahtb ao npocTHXBct3thcth- aecKHXB pafioTB o racji jBopaHCTBa-a AiuaeTCH c6ophhmb m1>ctohb ABOpHHCEHXB AH1U0M0BB. JInnieHHoe Kojjerifi b Hano.iHeHHoe .ikabhh, BocnHiamunMuca bb Kanue-iapin, ReiiTpaJibHoe ynpaB.ieme CucTponepenuo ho.i b (JesycjoBHoe BjastraecTBO MHHHCTepcKaro Haia.ia. Ilocxi 1775 r . yate HarxaAHO MOffiHO bha6tb ero 6c3oeTaHOBOHHOe passHTie. Bb cenarl; oKOHwexbBO coBcpmaeTca pa3BHiie jByxB coeAHHeHHUXB bb HeMB Haia.iB. HpH- CyTCTBie, 0TA'#A6HH0e OTB MtCTHO# aAXHHHCTpaniH CHAbHUMB pa3BH- TieHB iricTHHXB ynpeatjenift h otb BaatirSSniHXB BonpocoBB ofiine- rocyAapcTseBBaro yapaB-ieHia—ycHxemeMB BHHHCTepCKHxB AOjatHocieil, cocpeAOTO>iHBaeTca ua 6ahhctb6hhomb acHByienB bb ae m r n ia ii, r t f npoAOxsano aa ib bb noiHoft cHji KOJjeria-ibHoe ycTpofiCTBO,—ua cy- AefiHo# A'fiHTe-ibHOCTH. 3a4cb noAAepatHBajacb ero susaa h Henocpex- CTBeuHaa cbhsb cb m* cthhmh yqpeatACHiflHH, ebeb BHCme# cyAeSHO# HHCTanniH; sa6cb aBAaercB AtficTBHTe-rbHUHB h baoaotbophhmb caux# ') O xori oTnparia bobhii ryCepecsaxi yape«eai8, poaa cenata bi btoui iia i bnpoB. c*. H. C. 3. MX 14400.14411, 14498,14500,14590, 14603, 14636,14652, 14710, 14711, 14714 I47S6, 14787,14792, 1479S, 14880. 14908, 14967, 15004, 15227, 15228, 15229, 15241, 15245 a i. *.
— 256 — npoKypopcKiS Hajsopb, cjluaBmifica oeaiMOjHUMb Bb spyraxb aacTuxb ynpaB.reHia. Cmaum,, saaaeaie ceaaTa see fiojie a fio.rte xapasTcpH- sveTca ero cyjefiHHKH 3anaTinMH. AjMHBiicTpaTRBHuS BjeveBTb see Co.ihiue CBOjunca Sb MexaflaiecKoS, noBepxaocTaoi jiaTejbHocTH. ^ ojxboctb reHepa.rt-npoKypopa BUit.weTca, Kant mu m n yace H'fiCKO.iBKO pa3b, Cb BHaaemein. bobumi, mhuhctcpckmm'l: ai to ace BpeHa oab coxpanaen. cbo« uoaoseme, Hash aacTb HO.ueriii ceHaTa, bo, oieBBABO, 3jicb ,if,HTe.ii.nocTb h snaaenie ero pasj’feaaBTb cyjbfiy •SToft KoaseriH. Ecjih oaa TepaeTb npaBHTejbCTBeHHoe BHaieme h iro- jyaaerb cyjefiauB xapaitTepb, to h reaepajL-npoKypopb, aaicb ero aacTb, joaaceab npanaTb Toace 3aaicnie. Bon, noaeiiy, aorja oicoma- TeabHO nupaSoTa.ioci, h cuoacaaocb MBBHCTepcEoe iiaaajo, uhj4shjhcl OT^tji.Hua BtaoMc-Tiui, cooSpaano posy HXb sasaTiS, reaepasb-npoicy- popb cam cofioio npeBpaTHaca bt> MHHHCTpa dcthiuh h yTpaTBJb, eifc- SOBa'reibHO, CBoe npeaBee 3HaieBie. Bb napcTBOBailie EaaTepaHH, Bnpo- BeHb, so 9Toro npeBpamesia 6uio emo saaeso. HanpoTBBb, noBepx- BOCTBOMy yny homo 6a jaace noKasaTbca, bto 3aaienie ero ycawsocb; osbo sisostcTBO 3a spjTHMb aopyiajocb ero iieiiocpejcTBeaHOHy yapas- seaiD. Ho, BcaaTpHBaacb -Bb ji a o rsyfiae, aejb3a ae 3aMiTaTb, bto bto ycaaeaie bjbctb reaepajb-uposypopa jLiajoci. BOBce ae Cb sisio nojaaTb ero 8aaqeaie, a HanpoTBBb, 3Haienie bto uocjyauuo epej- CTBOHb ocHOBjiib yapaBjeaie aa jpyruxb aaaajaxb, rtub rt, npej- CTaBHTCJOMb KOTopuxb 6u.ib ceaaTb a reaepajb-apoKypopb. Bbjo js - bocth ero apoacxojHTb pasjBOcaic. Kaab oxpaaBTeJbaoe jhho, Bb npeacaeMb, Eoxjeriajbaoab cHucsi sroro csoBa, oab coejHHeab cb ce- naroMb. Kasb raaBa pa3Ji(iRuxb TOCTeS ynpaBjeaia, oab apejCTaB- jaexcH xaaacTpOMb Bb HOBOMb CMUcai. IJepnuB asb BTaxb BjeaeaTOBb apojojacaerb cBoe aesaBacaMOe cymecTBOBaaie, upespainaa nocTeaeaao reaepaJb-npoaypopa Bb MaaacTpa bcthiuh. Biopofi nojaaxb aa Bpeaa ero saaaeaie, ao, BoocjijcTBiu, BupasaBnracb Bb yapexjeaia mbhh- cTcpcTBb, aoxa3aib, bto reaepajh-apoKypopu cjy sa ja Boaceae csoeMy jijy . Pa3rpaHHieHie BijoacTBb KaiaaaeTb Teaepb onpejimaTbca aojo- xeaieab xatib, saBijuBaKimaxb hmh. Tpa rocvjapcTBeanua aoueria: BOBBCKaa, asMapaxTeftcKaa a BaocTpaHBaa oKoaiaTe-ibao BHjijinoTCJi, Kasb ocofiaa tacTa yapaBseaia; BOBHCsaa Ko.ueria opraBB3yeTca okoh- qarcjbBO, nojyaaa apaBO cyja a codcTBeHaaro ipaaaHCOBaro ynpawe- aia ‘). Cb BToro BpeBeaa BCTpiaaBTca nocToaaao yB33u, nocujaeaue OTb ea axeaa, 6esb MajiSnraro npH-ioaica npejBapaTejbaaro caomeaia ') n. C. 3. XU 14677,14732,16041, 16226, 15235, 15258, 15368, 15754, 16372, « Moorie jpyrie.
— 257 — ci. ccnaTOMi.. Mho™ oT,T,f,.ii.Bije BonpocuyiipaB.ieHia'nopyiaiDTca okoh- HrrC.ILHO XOBtpeUHUMT .THpaMT, CT> BOnOCpejCTBCHHUHl. DOXTHHeirieMT hxt HHiiopaTpimt. CHCTewa STa ire HM'feen. eiue uniero opraHHiecxaro, nopyqeHijr sth xatOTCa c-iyqairao no cnocofiHOCTairo Toro h.ih jpyroro jwia, KOTopHa HMiiepaTpHna Taici ysAia pasraxuBaTi,. Exhuctbchhijmt opraHH3yioniH)[% nanaxoMi b i stout. OTHonieniH 6u.it, rOHepa.iT-npo- KypopT., Boapyn. KOToparocrpynnHpoBajuici nocTenemo r f aacra ynpaB- jieHia, 3ani,TUBaHie Koiopuim cocpejoTOTHBWOCb bt>ceiiarfe, a nocai bt. ncpBOMT. ero jcuapTajienrt. Bo nepBHxi, (JiHHancoBaa axuHHHCTpania OKoiiTaTe.ii.no iiepeuua bt ero BaBijUBanie. Buxana xeneri, noupocu o 6i )j®ot4, oneTHocTE. cocpejOTOTHBaDTca y aero. OocToanHo BCTpt- qaDTca yuasu aa ero him o&i. omycut cymmt na tott, h.ih jpyroa npeaMOTT. ynpaB-iema. Ottcthoctl no paa.iHTuusn, c6opaan> uosfiyatjaeica hmt, h oht. ®e paacuaTpHBaeTB omem, Tpefiya ceiiaTCKHXT ymiaoiiT to.ti.ko x .« no- iiviBSeHia o CKopifimefl npHcujKt BijOHOcreii h wucKaHia johmokt. IlanpanipT., ceiiaTcaiS yKasT. 5 OKiafipa 1776 r. rosopaTi, tto npa- BHTeaBCTByBineHy ceHaiy r. reHepaxi-npoEypopi nHci.sieuHO upejaa- ra.IT, tto list no.TyqeEnuxT, bt. ceHaTT iiijoiiocxeS ycMOTpiuo hmt., tto na OTsyunTHKaxT. coctohtt. unoro HeiOHBKH... noteuy h npexxo- aiH.Tt o6t, yTHiieniH bhobb cTporaro h TaEoro onpexixema, .xafiu ae na iicpenHncaxT. tojteo, ho bt. cbmomt l i s t noMaByraa -xoiiHKa bsh- csaHa 6uja“. ^oKaaju iio aimmaMT. a xpyniHT crtopaMT. xixaxHci hmt jihtho, ceHaTT, no.TyTa.ii tojteo yEa3u, ocHOBaHHue sa sthst xo- K.iaiaxi, h o6t,jib.thcmlic t&ht ate renepaai-npoKypopoMi. HimepaTpHna iiocTOHHKo ofipamaeTca e i neaiy no bcIimt. (JiHHaHCOBUHi xiaaMT. IlHCMia ea, nomtmeHHua bi Cmhpxhhckomt cofipamH ea coTHiieuill h bt Pyc- ceomi ApxHirfi 3a 1865 r., nanoaneHU tbehmh npuKasamiiMH: „KHa:jj, AjeKcaiiapi AxeECieBHTT, npHKajKHTe cxtJaTT xia Mean tothhS h acHUft peecTpi xoxoxobt. h pacxoxoBT HMnepia u upunHcaTb e i Eaxtxofi CTUTi.’fi, rx'6 bt KOTopoMT irtcrt aBCTByeTi, o noApofiuuxi pacxojaxi h xoxoxaxi“. „Cxijafrre Towyin h HCHyn o loxojaxt h pacxojaxi HJinepiH sauHCEy h npHBe3HTe ko mhT. h t. j.“. CocpexOTOTenie $h- HaBcOBoS ajMHHHCTpauiH bt ero pyEaxi ycHjHBaerca okojo 1780 r. B i 3tomi roxy eMy, sposit BHyxpeHHHxi cJmnaHcoBHXT Bonpocosi, no- pyneHU Taxate bc£ xeBeatnue nepesoxu bt HHOCTpaaHua xepataBU, snpexT xo yqpeatxeHia xo.ishocth rocyxapcmennaro EasHaiea. „Bi cofixBxeHie Ka3eHBoft no-itsu, rosopHTi ysasi, npH wyqaionTHxca eate- qacTHO nxaTeataxi bh4 rocyxapcTBa, h bo orapameHie, no bosmohe- hocth, uonoxa H3T. Toro-Ei yBHJKCiiiio Kypca. MU npn3HaiH 3a fixaro bc6 nepeBoxa KaseHnue coexuraTi. b i ynpaBxewie oxnoS oco6h, na KOTopy» Koran 6i mu ct no-iHOio xoB-hpemioCTiio bi cem .vfc-i'fi noxo-
— 258 atHTbCH h t. a.“. Hcit-iBHCiiie Be CAtaaBO Aasce KafiHaeTa Ex HanepaTopcKaro BeamecTBa. Bb 1781 r., HaKOHerpb, iJiHHaHconaa xacTt nojijxBm <xo6cxnyio opraHHsaain doji ynpaBJenieMt reHepaiB-npo- sypopa. BcjrtACTBie yitaaa 1780 r. OKTafipa 24, KHiiat BaaencaiiS hoa- roTOBKAB aoiabab o nopvxeHiH Easemiaro ynpaMeaia 4 OKCiieAHHiaMB, r j t aojueho 6b.io cocpeAOTOTnTbca ebeb Bee ynpanacnie loxojaaa h pacxoiaMH, BepejiBHseHie h nocTynaeBie cyMMB, Tan* h peBH3ia cie- tobb h xpaHeHie ocraTOTuuxB cyMMB. SucnejniiiH bth aoamshu 6hjh cocpeAOTOBHTB Bi ce6t net npeamia ycraHOiueiiiH, ocHOBaHHHa cb nt- xiu nopyiKTi (JiHuaHcoooe jia o OAHOMy anny. Tara, sa utcno.ii.KO upeueau a® BOBaro yupestAema, b i 1779 r., npn cenaTi yupeaaeHa occifieHiiaa peansia ctotobb, KOTopoioh aaiiHaaaca reHepara-npoKypopB. C»Aa AO.iJKBU Oh.ih nocTynaTb H3B Ra3ennHXB najiara OTieru o scixB urraiiiuxB pacxojaxi. h npKCuaaTaca ocTaTOTBua cyMBH, jaa eoto- pax% 6uxo yupeaijeHO ocofioe icaanaietcTBo, 3aBHctBmee ora Bscne- AHpia. 3nauenie dtoB OKcneAHUiH h KasHaxeScTBaycnmiocbc i yHBBTO- aseHieBB nrraTCB-KOHTopu, rgb npeacAe Cam cocpoaototohbi Bonpocu o ABBKeHia cyMMB. ^OKJaAB ehh3h BaaeacKaro yAOCTOHaca BHCoxafi-- maro yTBepaAeHia, h cb sToro BpeueBB, bb TeueHiH Bcero papcTBOuaHia EaaTepHHH, ohb ctohab bo raaBi $nfiaHCOBaro vnpaiueHia. Co6ctbchho roBopa, o6pa80Baaie qeiupext oKcneAHuift Atxaxocb bb BHAy vupeKAe- nia AoaaBociH rocyAapcTBeHHaro ia3Eauea, ho Ha dto Mtcxo iihbto ne 6hab HaaHaiera h ynpaBjeeie hmb 6b.io nopyxeiio renepara-nposy- popy. 3totb ocoSeaaufl xapatTepx nopyienia A0Ea3HBaxB, tto miue- paTpiiua caHB CHOiptaa aa ycH.ieuie aHaaeaia otoh aoasbocth babb Ha nepexoAHyD Mtpy, syasyio am ocynecTBjeHia 6oaie OTAaaeHBUxB Ut.ieS. Kara 6u to hh 6hjo, ho cb woro BpeMeas (pHHaHCOBaa ajMH- HHCTpapia coBepineHHO bobth OTAtxaeTca ora ceHaTa. Bs tomb se roAy, ohb upeACTaBBJi. aokjaab o B3UCEauiH cb EyneaecTBa ojHoro npopeHTa cb Eamnaja 6e3B pas-iuxiH BtpoHcnoBtAaHifi. yiBepsAafl 3T0TB AOKJiaAB HM6HHHMB yKa30KB, HMnepaxpHpa rOBOpUTBt „®03Bpa- maa H3BHCBeHie, HaifB ora BacB BOAaHHoe, o BBuraxB ,\\.tx sanucKH npnxoAa h pacxoAa KaseHHuxB aoxoaobb pasnaro SBaaia ao HBASHia hobuxb ycraBODjeHiS o iceS Ka3cnHO0 uacra, Mm toemo aaxoABHB Hy*BUMB AETB BABB BpMHtTBTb H T. A-“. BcAtAB Sa TtMB MU HaXO- AHMB BOApofiHyB, Bucouafinie yTsepatAOHayio, sanacKy reHepaJB-iipo- Kypopa o bc«8 (JiuuaHcoBoB aAMHHBCTpauiH. 3Atcb hexoabtcb nocTa- HOaienia o BtAttiin KaaeimuMB najaxaMB Bctxb saseHHUXB cfiopoBB, 0 DOAaxt OIXOTOBB Q CyMMBXB H3 CTpOeHia, BB HaMtCTHHTCCTBa OTHy- CKaeMua, o nepecuAKt Ka3eHHUxB AeHera no noxri n o nocu.iKt yiipai).iu«ni(eMy KarieiiHuaii 9KcaeAHi(iaMHbb ryfiepHCKia cpaBjenia hRa- senHHHna.iaTMnpcA-ioaoaiano AtaasiB, Eacanmnsica aosthxbSKcneAimi#
— 259 — « t. a. Hbrfccrfe cx hthmx, jTBepxnewt 6tm k .ypyroft ero aoeabax o Dop«s.K'fc AluonpoH3iwiCTiia bbKa3euHuxT> imaTaxi. IIpeacTaBJiiahhic- piiTpHni joK.ia,iu o nopajut, ynpaiueHia KaseHHOD aaciiio, ohx tii- Ahtx sa Hciia.inenieMB othxx npeaniicaBiH. IIo ero npeAAoaceHiii, ce- HaTB noATBepatAaeTB o cBOCBpeueHHOHx npeACTaB.ieiiin BiAOBOCTeS u ■061. OTCU-lK’fcAeBeKBUXT,cyMMX DOKariCHHUBl Mif.TOHB, Kvja c.rfAyeix. J,.ia no-inaro o6i>ej)niema (jiHHaacoBofi aaHHHiicrpauiH, act ptaoMCTBa noxHuaeau reHepaax-npoEypopy h.ih saiiHcaniHin, otx Hero jiinaMX. Tasx, bx CHHOji sastjuBaHie AeHeacuuMH cy«ua»H nopyaeuo ofepx- 06npoKvpopy CHHOaa, a bx cHuoaaatHofl Konrupt—npoaypopy ea, ci> a- BaHHOCTin npeiCTaBjarb oiaeru reaepaai-opoEypopy. dacueAHiUH ace cBHaiTeatcTBa caeTOBi nopyqeno penH3onaiiieBi.yOMocTeii raapAeficEHxx [to-tkob'l. IIo npejioseHin reHepa.re-irpoKypopa, cocroaaca cenarcKift yica3x, q-ro Beet cfiopi. sa nponaacy repfionoft oyaarn aoaaceai Ou.n> noerynaTb bx ocTaioasoe Ea3HaqeficTBO, Koropoe jo.ibcho Cu.io aohochte 0OECneAHHiH 0 rocyAapcTBeHHiixx aoxoabxx, no nipt uocTyiuema sthxx cysrax. O ai ae npc.waraeix upaBH-ia ioucKanin iibaohmokt, ‘), o 0apaBM.iax'b OTuycEaBia nrraTUOHy KasHaaeBcTBy cyniix bx ajxobhuh H'fccTa; npoH3BOACTBf, neHcioHOBx AyxoBHfJMT. ocofianx napaimi cx CB'liTCKHMH, no npomecTBin EaacAOfi Tpera Emv nopyqaeTca HCiio.neme HMeHHoro yicasa 0 Hasnaaenin bx ryOepHia cynnx Ha uenpejHHA’fcnnue pacxGAH, hoax Ha3Banieiix BKCTpaopAHHapHiixx. EaceroAno, npn npeA- Aoaceninxx cbohxx, obx pascsaaeix bx ryfiepucEia npanxeiiia n Ka- 0 1782sennun naaaTU pocnHcania aoxoasxx u pacxoaaxx. Bx r. yHaiToacena yqpeacAennaa npaKO-ueriaHHOCTpamiuxxA ijx nyO.iaiHaa OKciieAaaia, i'A$> (iu.na corpejoToaena xosaBcTBeHHan aAaaaacTpauia 0aoajierin. 3A^cb, aeaciv npoqanx, iinnepaTpuna noATBepacAaeTx CBOe noce.rtnie coxpaaeuia ocraTEOBX paauuxi cynux Ha jenapTaaeinx HuocTpaHHUXX jtxx, onpeji.ieHHUXb bx uo.ibsy toto AeirapTaaeHTa, „n Easx MHorie pacxoAu Ha rb ocTaTEH uoaceau, to KO.rieria hho- cxpaHHUXx jt-ix AO.iaeucTuveTx cHecTiica cx iiauiicax... rciiepaAx-npo- Kypopoax..., x&6u t4mx pacxojaMX hsx rtxx ace octbtkobx yAOB.ieTBo- pnexo 6hjio“. -Hxneparpmia, c.rtjOBaTe.ihHo, aeaaeix, qio6u na*A0e BicflOHCTBO He BblXOAWO H3X-CBOerO (UOAXeTa H -lyqiHHMX CpeACTBOMX ex oTony cqHTaeTX Ha6.iK>Aeme oahoto AOBipeHHaro .inna, kbkhmx h hbhach renepa.ix-npoKypopx. BcjtBax 3aTtnx, no ero npej-ioacemio, HSAaax 6u.ix ceHaTesifi yKasx 0 npHBeAefiiH ncroqHHKOBx rocyAapcTBeH- ■ )D. C. 3. 14494,14515,14745, 14957,15007, 15074, 15076, 15076, 15039, 15]p8, 15120, 15130, 15140, 15141, 15151, 15168, 15178; 0 itaTCjuiocra reaepaji- apoiypopa no aiiy Bsacsaais aeioaMOEi, c*. M7615183, 15184,15185, 15194, 15240, 15248, 15254. 17*
— 260 — iin xt no Kaajo# rySepma Bt HBKfecTHOCTb h ccwneHm owajam khito. Ka3eBHtiMt najaTUMt ooctoubho nopyiaeTca HafijiojaTb H-luocTis) rocyxapcTBCHHHXi aoxojob'b h osuaaaxi, Bt BijOHocTax KOTopua ona oSa3anu eaeroano npHCOiaxt bx. BBcnejMuiiD rocyXa] CTBeHHHX'B JOXOJOB1,, CCH;(f,TC.ItCTBOBaHU AH CieTIJ yi3AHUXt K< 3HaaeficiBi; renepajt-npoKypopt coeraiuaen h doahochti na Bt coiaBmee yTBepaweme HacTaiacaie yfuAHtmt BaftHaieiiMt. Ycmi TpiiBi H3T. b4aomocib, HOftaHHoS e8 KHaseHi Bhs«bickhmi, RTOAOXOJ nocTynaiOTt Bt sasHy MeA-ieHHO, HMiiepaxpRiia cxporo noATBep»Aaei Bcftm. HaM'fecTHHKaMXi saSoTHTBCH o caopiSnieMt nocTyn.ieHiH bthx AOXOAOBt . liepBOHaaaxtHOe (fnmancoBoe ero smieuie nocTeneBuo pat imipnexca ao BonpocoBt nooCme rocyjapcTBeHHaro xo3aacToa. Oroi npeat rocyiapcTBcmiuJi 9KcnenHiii0, bo raant naseHnuxt najart, oh’ 6CTCCTB6HH0 uojyiH.it fio-itmoe aiianie na nci A te , nocTenemo no CTynamnia b i hxi irfuinie ■ ). Taxi TaHoatennue c6opu, pacnpeji .teBHUe MeiK,iy Ka3CHBUMH ua-iaxaMH, hocttiih.ih Taase us ero pacno pasenie. Ct ynpa8jHeHieui KaimexapiK oneEyHCXBa HHOcrpaHnuxt ko jobhctobi, h npeAOCTaB.jenieM'b HXt b i yupaiucuie xaKiee BMeimuxi n aja n , BJiiaaie i-eaepaji-npOKypopa pacnpocTpaiiH.ioct H.aa ary OTpac.it xirb. Totoo xoate cjym.iocL h no ynpa3AHeHiH 6eprt-KOJ.ierin, o ko- topomx cKasaHo BHme. Mata, TaKHm. o6pa3oat, nocjymsue ony oprann BI mUcxhoB aABHOHCTpanin, reHepaxt-npoKypopt cxapaaca orpaHHraxt nocpeiCXBom HXt npoasiioabHOe pacnopaaeme saseHHoei co6craeH- HOCTi». Ob i (Bt tpopai ceHaxcKaro yaaaa) Hsaaext npawua o c6opt nuaynniuxt xeaen ct EpecTtHHt h cocTau.ieHin hmx. BiAOMOCTefi h OE.iaAHux'B KBHrx, sanpeniaext oica-iaxt Ea3CHHua Aontra Hst na- IrbcTHHiccEaro ynpaBjenia a noAnuueHHUxb euy Mien., 6est CBiA’inia EaseiiHtJxt naiaxt, saCoTaxca o6t HCBopeaeHiH saoynoxpeCaeaia bo bhhhoS qacxH h nopyuaext HaMtCTHHiecKHHi iipaBxeniaKX Ra6aBAait. sa BCEopeHeuiem EopxevcxBa. Fesasia h Baamuft Bonpoct o Hapoao- Hace.ieiim xaxate nocxynH.it b i irfmoMcxao naaaxt, a, caiAOBaTe-itHO, a boa's np«ny» saBHCHMoexi reHepaxt-npoKypopa. BcaiACiBie 3iwo, Bcxpiqaioxca Ba*Hua nipti OTHOcmeabHO nepeABRateaia HapoAOHace- aeHia, cocToanraiaca no ero npei-ioateaiio. Hanp., BCinx Ka3eBHtiMt na.iaTaKi, npejoncaEo 6u.ro, nxofiu ORi He AaBaaa uosao.ieiiia oabo- ARopuaMx. sa nepexoAi hbi oahoS ry6epniH Bt APyryro. Do ero ae npeAaoaeniaMt, paspimajaci. Miiorie Baatnue nonpocu o noAynniofi no- MoHeTiioe i i j o xaEae ae aaMewaao nocrynaTt Bt ero b&aomcxbo. *) U. C. 3.m 15255, 15266, 16272, 15342,15361, 16457, 15384, 16864. ’) It 0. 3. KK 15383, 15822, 15897, 16280, 16263, 16631, 16787, 15288.
— 261 — MHOrie yaa3H dpsmo yaasunanTt, mto Bee MOHeTHoe ji-io 6hjo aopy- ieHo euy. Mu BCTpfmeMt yaaau, jannue Ha ero bus, o cnoco6ait yHHHTOweHia AOira, mciiimarocs aa aasHaxeScTBaxt h KaOaaerlj, ipest ofipanteHie aa to pasHiixt cyHMt, h A^xaniu Bnpejt aa MOHeTHOMt jBopi no.iOBHHH pySienofi a no.ioBHHU cepeOpaHOft aejKoft Moneru. Out lio.iyaacTi. apeAnacanie o nepeA'fe.ii BceS jerEOBtcHoft HOHeTU, cEO-ihHo ea oaaxeTca Bt aaseHHUxt naiaiaxt a jpyraxi Mteaxt; o6t yaaoxeaiB Ha HHinniHxca mohotiiuxt. ABopaxt nepexlna m$jh h o BaucAeiiia hoblixi mohctuuxt, ABOpoet. £ay npimaAiexHTt Buco- wBme yTBepaAOHHH# AORiaAt o nepeAijfe aiAHoS mohcth Bt Eaa- •rcpHHCyprfc '). Erne jnfionuTaie 3Haieme reaepait-npoitypopa BntpretjoxcttaBiuocnHpoucaBxtt 4j>HHaHCOBaro yapaBAeaix, EOTOpue East 6u 6uia <5e3ycAOBHoe pacnopnseBie coaaTa, Kaat, Hanp., Bonpoct o BHHHOMt npoKUCii. HoAnHCHBaK Ha npomeHiaxt npocareiei, ito npomice.it BTOTt Bf.AaeTt ceHaTt, HMiepaTpaija Bt toso Bpeax sa Bctm a'Iubkh no BimHoft npoAaai ofipamaiact at reHepam-npoKypopy. Hat co*pe- MeHHUxt HBB'fecTifl bhaho, mto 3a Bci 6e3nopaAKH, exyTaBinieca Bt SToat yapaBieHia, HMnepaTpgua BsucaaBaia ct aero. Bt saaHcaaxt XpanoBHnaaro BCTp6na»Tca Bectaa iiofiouuTHHa CBtA'finia o(5i BTOMt. HeaoBO.ir.naa paSAaaeB BHHOKypciiBuxt 3aB0A0Bt, iianepaTpima CAi- iaia atecToaift BBrOBopt kh. Ba3eac.K0.ay ho6ept-apoaypopy Cyxapesy, c t npasasaHieMt aociiAHeay, Birtcrfi ct oftept-ceKpeTapeat IIo.rtHO- Buat, npcAcraBHTB ofitacHetie no 9T0My Aiiy. CahpTooBccHtHThTsoeBirBcoieHcHOrciaoOeTeeay»pntmmpoaoaBbjT)hieeoiaaHieebBhcOMaoH^cOTptiebpKAa,psOTmoOiTtioaBoiatimyHHauopacfetiK.nAoycAieyrHpaeaiaaeaBeup.3aThiB0t-otaaipacpoyaeKMnBayop,SpaaTopKAma'itf.o'oBc3TtaaeBMJBHB-t-- AtsrcchaeoHohuTH9cmumpp.oihe-yaacnAA,mtpOnbnnoaTepaio»HAaayaTfTippeiaaaayHo,BHrpoHoBaiHGfoe0.teH,t3OalHBHcnahHHotomiKaCipBeaTBiTacoBOsctmiaipaaaaiKaituHmeaiBma^3,areatoexeHaersaHyTtnaHcui(esiKcanapeoOBttnBaH,aaUa6e,ihaMnuactxa.TtioootHo,cBbBinpoahaaatahiaciphihinfaoHaoTpcoeyieaapicArxtyrfnttftnti,HaecpsKeranaaHncBOpBTataaifTacMetBCiiaBnaeiBieraaepnaHAr,aaroioyaMeniDsaHKypapeiaetcosBaOsnea3AHie3Taa-e-)-t ') n. C. 3. MX 16410, 16600, 16601, 16622 h t. a ; Boolfae o jiireissocra reuepaji-upoaypopa no (jnmancoBam li-iaai cp. MX 15469, 15471, 15474, 15484, r.,15491, J5526, 15528, 15544, 15608, 15618 h upon. ’) Cm. aanacne XpanoBHUsaro 1788 am. 30: „Mun roaoay reuopaja-npoay- popy a oOepi-npoaypop; Cyxapciy aa paaiany BBBoaypensMxi aaaoioBt\". 0 io«a aa II. 0. 3. J« 16642.
— 264 — CHManioHHOMi 6aHKt yipesjeHa oco6aa sKcnejHnia o utjHOlt mo- EaHKB 3T0TX, OJHO H3B BaatHfefiulHXB HOBOBBejeniii EnaTcpHnu, 6 u j h Tarase nopyaeaB bb BfejOMCTBO reKepaxs-npoKypopa. Okojo 1789 t ., khs3bHa3HBaeTCR yse jxhhhhmb TirryxoMBrocnojHHa jfeScrBH- TCibHaro Tataaro coirkTHHKa renepa-iB-upoETpopa, rocyjapcrueHHaro accHrHanioHHaro OaoKa r.iannaro jHpeK-ropa a KaBa-iepa (cm., Hanp., II. C. 3. 16 16838). HeHSBicTHO, no KaitOMy CJiygaio mmeparpima coeARHiua »xo .laanie c t 6csb Toro Tpyjnoio joxntnocTiio reHepaxB-npoKypopa. XpanoBHUKi#, ,bojoCho MHoraMS, bo aioSnuinift BiracMcitaro, BHCTaBxae-n. 9to Kant mhjoctb Aomii-ieimyio cMy EeaCopojEoft, bb BHjaxi. npitfiaBKH ataxo- BaHLH 3). Topa3jo 6o.n.me 6Ctb ocaoBaHia jyMa-rt, iro Hxnepa-rpBna sexaxa cocpejoroaHTb bcc tjmnancoBOC ynpaaieHie bb ojhhxb pysaxt h BOcnojL30BaTbca cdoco6hocthmh h onHiHocriB renepaxB-npoKypopa, KOTopua bb leiesin ncero ea papctBonama saHHua.ica :rrhmb A'fc.iom, jxa ocymecTBJeHia npejno.TOKOHiS ea o nojjepatamK KpejH-ra najaB- bihxb yate accm-Hani#. *Ito Crukb Haxojaxca j-feScrBHTexi.no bb ho- 3aBHJH0MB BOJOffieHiH, H 8TO Bfl3UUCsiS HCHO BHJ-fejB, BB TCMB jfexO, botBhoruomjnphybnocKaaaBtUeSCuBroeo-jisKjtayuHnoHXrccoBbo,R4ah3BctjhoceTtrrojfH.reocaknubaioStre1af1i.oXoxeip..naiHnoKMoBayHyyRa6KtaaemroBa, ,HKahsOm-Hr,oepxo„wMnaoyraonBnoopjp-ymHnieiTonti,kohbutbei. HepHajeB-onjpHoKaytpoojpbyS.o K(IawscnHaHncHoMnaBa nbaoxma-bKtM6uB.,ia an,ocpxy-afeejBoBaaTcnCo.ciio.nfioH,OhMyborejb- eBnMrybOodMxB1yEf7HeBj8OBa3sMUeCMBrT.CBsKOjBaO,cHHfOeiyTajna6jaBauexa.aorx.aijsHacmorC.TBimJjiaMinHouHrjboabrbbjcaoMnBeonfpecojmkOpoMeybHaCcHeTkHBOoOBian,BoracHy3TfjecoiHefpepHomHHonfiHiniaineKOanaxTapajeaernxjanMe.HuHeHCrouahe-. cejpn-pifapooe3exjjncaHTrueeBfuHlTOeHKpnOa.coxMcbBrUHp-eBoHorCtRoHacKriaHSjBtoe,xfeHiarteotnupaHyBoCncMTpiIaieJiepcnonroy.opop,eyfBji-m;sfHeeeMxdnteionanejlupbiaacTxsypetoxeHrjooaHRnjHyuybTn46HHrjkh-onfcxcmecabKcnOtBbb.iebibo.cKomi.HeMjbrMraouHHyuBnxao-xafiemaojhOtjaaMHeatCMJiT.itBt—ucn-Sfie., ajHHpaxoMB TpeflroMB, r. tJiejibjMapnraxoMB lepHHmeBHMB « khmcsib*9 ') n.O. 3. 16335,15886, 16895, 16967, 16031, 16692, 16734, 16957, Taue 15923, 15958, 15972, 16021, 16032, 16066, 16243, 16459, 16461. 9) XpanOBBnsiS, ibid., 1769 r., 4 Mas. „3hc£mo kb. BaaeMCKaro kk rpa<j>r Bes6opo«i; ci SiaroxapHocTiD npaunMacn Micro rpa$a niyaaiOBa n accHrsanioB- boml fiaBEf. h eonMnccio o joporaiv cmj cioiobhii. eme 6 t. IIpexoHcaao, mdi o6me ca rpaAoBt BopoanoruMi, rp. EeadopoisoMi h3aB0j0BCKHMi xoBian ipexuo- aoMesia IQjBaJOaa, h oco5eano uaiacuBTi mhcjb cbob o apHeexeBia si apexari
— 265 — BasowcKHMt. Ho ocoScbbo ofipamaen Ha ce6s BBHuaHie nowonoe ynpaueBie, KOTopoe cb jaBHaro BpcMenn no tocthiib nopyiaaoeb Hine- paTpnnefi) to reHepaxB-npoitypopy, to rpa$y mysaxoBy, to Be36opo;m$, a HHorja h Kotumccia, cocTaaiennot B3B sthxbTpexB xhijb. Kaseica, BiiponeMi., nit> Mtcraue nyra coofimeHia coctomh npomiymeci'BeHHo hoab Baianien’k reHepajB-npoaypopa, mo bhjho H3B HicKO-ibKBXB vaa- sobb, ra t, no ero npejCTaBjeHiH), flijaiDTCH pas-inniuji pacnopaateHia o cnocofit coaepataHia nomoBiixB TpasTaTOBB no ryfepHiain., npuneKt, ry6ep»CEHH’B npaweniaMb h cTpanniutB nopyneno Hadacaenie sa hxb ncnpasnocTbi). Ho h rocyaapcTBeHnua noporn 3aB0Anaaci, Hnorja npesB ero nocpeACTBo; Hanp., Hapscnift noiTOBOft TpaKTan. h noma bb Koh- CTaHTUHonoab npesB BeHjepH, flccu n ByrapecTB, npHiem. bb yiiasi cuasaHO, tto ce8 nonraxTB, ,npesB hoitobhS nenapTaiceHTB joaaicB- CTByeTB jaBaib naxaeatamiB o r ie n bb nsxepasiiaxB cbohxb aKcnejn- nin CBHAtTeabCTBa ctotobb no rocyjapciBy, bb niAin in namewB (re- nepaiB-npoKypopa) cocroamei\" '). HaaoaeitB, nocai cnepra rpatpa IUyBaaoBa, bb ero s ijin ie noCTynn.ia romkhccui o rocynapcTBeHCHXB ,io- poraxB bb noanoMB ea cociani. Bwicr/i cbbthhb, iiojb ero pacnopaae- HiexB coctohtb ji.ia xyxoBHLia nnoBipneBB n HHopoaneBB; ynpesaenie AyxoBHuxs yiipaweHiH, pa3ptmeaie nejoyntnift, BoannaaBinHXB bbbtokb ynpaBaenin, h, HasoHenB. canuB SHaneHHTuB yaa3B EsaTepHHH o TepnH- mocth BCtxB BipoHcnontjaniB bb npeat-iaxB PocciBcKoB nxnepiH—see mo TnapsoomBbaio 6nupae3nBjiearoa ,pyritjHi h omac™ Aiaaaocb no ero HHHiiiamt ’). reHepaaB-nposypopB objumch cb thcto MHHHCTepCKIIM'b xapaKTCpOMB, TA* C6HaTB OfipBieHB CttlB Ha BECTO naccHBHyB) poab. Hsb nepenncaenHuxB 3anaTifi renepaaB-npoaypopa mo®ho sasrtTHTB, ato bb ero anu,i> coexHraxocb SBanie n BHnncTpa (JiBHaHCOBB n rocyAapcTBeHHaro xosaflem, hjh, aaKB ohb (Siub na- 3bbhb npn nepBOMB ynpeiaenin MiinncTepcTBB, xmmcTpa BHyTpeHHHXB a4jb, caoBOMB, ero atareabiiocTb sairfH&ia bb CTOjapt ynpenjenie naiiepB-soaaeriB n nnaTCB-KOHTopbi, toiho Taase mkb bb o6.iacxaxB saHBTia 3thxb abvxb ynpemAOHifl 6hah cocpejoTonema bb kb36HHHxb naaaTaxB. HesaBncHvo otb btoto, bhcuuh tfmiiancOBiJa ynpeaueHia, yapeacAenaua bb nocataBia ana napcTBOsania, Taaace bouiah bb RpyrB ero sanaTift, naitB, nanp., rocyaapcTBennijS accnrnanioHHHfl SanaB. Bb OTnomeHiM peanain cvhhb n BiaoMOcreft, Bci BijoncTBa nOAinna.racb exy, He ncaaionaH aKaaeaiH HaysB (H. C. 3. X 15647) s). ') n. C. 3. J8M15317, 15339, 15386,15767, 15668, 15127, 15419. ») n. C. 3.M X 15326, 15356,13996, 15666, 15626, 17010, 17099, 17146, 17168. *) 3aMi?aiej6Hi ranae louan, cocranjCHUHS aiuiseai B«3e«cKHiii a iupeK- SKcoeABnifi JU* acTpoBOvmecsBXb uafiaiojt'Hift. II. C. 3. 16 15128.
— 266 — KcqHsOnaeBTecaeKppTqaH&aaBeTCTJHoib.tKl-iten,OTtcpBoaKoao.xstiKoeapj.rujeuaiMpaiaeaioBHrica.HpiBa.hiHiiejatjCt,riHThaoceBaobKpryJoCooWkifKTip)OuoJoecepxfcasiooacaeMyHecla0oint-tcBA1iiTiTHaaeoH—nnOnaTipiceaaeBVe,tjajbtiCeHpinTrcrepOaoyBSHCixiijH3TbhieHHb..,ufcinHtoebirpiexouCHiahTiirBp,moaHij,TinciSaHjHrtaifHcun.loiOaBaoafXniB’noxOaeanonTnaAp(oTiepoHo.ayicKymHia>TaBHx,HBt,eatBi0,laCtK,ntHCrpcarAKyaoenB-o-i-,' 3M0BBTM.icieipnaauxHaT,e.BiBaCcTaTBeOxMtHi*Onpoa3c.yiHaeflCHaHoXSt wcntocho.fi3oaBat<iTHOT-erjei>oBHaanKiaoahcxnbpHyavat-- cHMreMan'nfiiHBeiMDHt3XaTKn.oeOapaTetqmnHpxeejriojrarotnxoBepHycUiiexmtRflts moc6eeHipatyr-ifnu,pwioonsBytp,ohphxooBt.to.fjipMhaiuThH,oi,Kn,ObHjBbeBiHmHOip,aneBsieet jhbib ea liasatitmie. Taivonu yBasu o nopflAKt naKasania 3a apaxy HHxe 25 p. c., o HeoTcujaHin H3t BepxHHXt cyjost Bt HHXHie yro- o40838a1n1pXe1mejni liut ,KOjjHiacyianHotnoH-TnKoecmTapaHnOnAuOxctraATeKpOsBatBmt n.p&npHoHuMBBaOTtAChTaiajidHHCxUt-, naTb y cefia oSajaTe-iicma HeaiAy HHOCTpaHHuam h pocciScKUMH noi- xaHHHMHf o bshocS yrojOBBUxi. j i l t Ha peBnsiio Hst Bepxnaxt cy- AOBt Bt yro.ioBHua naiani h Bt TOMt cjyqai, Korxa BepxHie cyjn VMeHbniHJH h.th bobco ocBofioxHOT noAcyAHMaro ort nojioxeHHaro eiiy HaKa3auia. 3ra v6pa, kohobho, fin.ia HSjana ct ir iiiD yCHJHTb naj- 3opt cOeCraHTOaBaHhBHnXptamHaiTeSjebHCCTKBOeMHtHbHiaxaiao.lpt.raHHsOBBiCtTHsaO,AaiTHOTeHjb3Ht SoeeHrCioBHcXy-t AOBt, ajcHeHTOBt yipesjeme. o ryfiepHiaxt ofipasoBaxo ABt cyAefimia hh- CTaHiiiu, HKxaie cyju b pacnpaBH h BepxHie cyAH h pacnpaBH. Ila- 48TH se flB.Ifl.IHCb 1HCT0 BpaBUTe.IbCTBeHHHMt yCTaHOBJeHieMt. Jaxie, c»Aa OTHOCflTca yxa8u o npoasBOACTBi j i l t , othochiuhxca jo npeery- HjeHifl. AoxxBocTefi, Bt naxaiaxt yrojosHaro cyxa, a He b i HHSHHxt cyxaxt, o HesafiHpaHiH Bt Aonpocam aiojeS fiest aeMCKaro BcnpaB- HHKa, o npncbiaat Bt ceHaTt HSt sctxt npBcyTCTBeHHuxt MicTt Bt- lOKOcTeii o cjy*6t, ofit yAOCTOHBmHxca npeACTaiueHia Kt opxeHy cb. BiaAHHipa b t. a. ‘). llojbsyacb TaKflut aHaiemeirb bo sc ix t OTpacjaut ynpaBjenia, reHepaxt-BpoKypopt He safibut csoaxt oiBonieHia Kt ceaaTy; ciapaa ao.i.ieriajbHaa cbb3b 6u.ia eme cjHnntOMt cHjtHa, htoOh reHepaxt- npoKvpopt cMorpiit ea cefia HCKJOTBTeflbBOj KaKt Ha BjacTb co««p- uiumeAMffio; Bt ero aoajkhocth eme qyBCTBOBajHci, ocTaTKH iiaaciH oxpaHHTextHofi. H He TOjbKO ociaTKB, ho Tasaa a o m arofi babcth, hto h Bt BTOHt OTHomenin ont cnocoficTBOBa.it pasaoKeiiim ceHaia. Mh BHAiiH , wo nojt HiieneMt b-thcth oxpaHHTejMiOH Bt pyccKHxt y>ipe- ■) n. C. 3.WJe15483,15519, 15499, 15539, 15565, 15650, 15587 i n
— 267 — KAeHiflxt paayMi.iHct rfc ynpeatAcniji, xoTopbia us'iuih na nci lacru ynpan.icniii, ajih noAnepatauia BesA'Ii BaaonuocTH a nopjiAKa. Bucihhm'l BupaateHieifB. oto® BJiaciH 6uat>coHait. Out hoOujx cy^cGuawh *t- CTOMX, Bt CTpOlWb CMblCjfe 3T0T0 CJIOBa; HO K*b HOMy, ESKl KX Bep- xobhomv aara,nTUHKv upanocyjin, aoxoahab- saaofiu Ha uecupaBC.t-iHBua pimeilia. OhX HO fiu.lb qHCTO ajMHHHCTpaTHBHMMX MliCTOMX, HO OMy npHHaA.ieata.ia Bxacn, oGmaro HaupaBjeaia s EOHipoaa Bctxx boabh- ueHnbixx eay uteri. KoxieriaxbHUg coeraBX oxpauHxe.iLnofl BxacTU, npa yiacriu h nocpeACTBi reuepaxx-npoKypopa, Aepataaca bo see npeHH BxaAunecTBa cenaTa. Ho, ex oCpaaoBamem uonaro h aiiepntieCKaro oxpaHHTeabnaro naaaia in .iHnt HatiicTHHKOBX, cx uocTeneHHHin, bu- Atjesiein ceHaTa, saitx hceadhhtoabuo cyAnuHaro m-Iicth, ocrarKH oxpauHTiui.Hoi) B.iacTH cocpeAOTOHUBaiOTca bx .Taut reiiopaji-upoKj- popa. Aoahcho cosHaTbca, hto, npw TOrAaniHeitx uo-ioateniH Akix, sto 6hao eAHHCTueHHHMi cpOACTBOHi noAAepatai'b BAiaHie ueHTpn.ibHijv(, yapeatAOHifl bx ryGopHiaxx. 9thbx eosuaBieMX CBoero Hoaaro auaiOHia Moatno oOiacHHTt ero dohutbh hoahhhhtb ryfiepuiH, r j i Ooaiea Go.ite pasBHsajacb GesoTBtTCTBeBHaa BjacTi, nantcmhkobx, HtaoTopoMy eob- Tpo.iio ceaaTa. ,HBa iivth npeACTaBAsauci, eny A-ia AOCTHaceHia arofi Him. Bo nepBbixx, onx mom apeai, ceHan, orpaBHiHTb Baiauie ryfiep- BaropoBi Ha mhhobhhbobx, cayatamaxi boax bxx naia.ibcTBOMb; naitx bh caa6o fiu.io 6u aro npoTHBOAtftCTBie, ho sceTaKH oho xoth HicKoxbKO yMeubiuiuo Ou OesrpaHHinoe luianie HaMtcTHhkobx Ha npoBMHniajbiiyr> c.ivacGy h Aaao 6a bobmosboctb yAepatam 3a hoio npeaumi rocyAap- (■tbchhuB xajiaKTep'b. BcatACTBie 9TOro, no ero apcAXoateniio, anAaerca paAi ceaaTCKHXx yxasoBX 0 npeACTaiaemii HaMtcTHH'iecKHMX h ryOepH- CKHM'b npaiueniaMu bx ceHan 061 yBo-ibnenw bx oraycKi coetTHH- kobx, ryOepHCKHXi CTpaniHx'b, acceccopoBx h Aa*e ropoAHHinxx. CTporo BoenpenyaoTCH hmx yBOjrbHarb o n AoxataocTeS hkhobhrkobx, BuOapae- iiuEb on, ABopsHCTsa, ao HCTeneHia rpexiatraaro epona. Ho caHHMi cqAjtTaHOO.rJCoA3T,EHnHuKHUtO,TXTeT1.o.ip-bueaH.rpoueAAshOn't.-iaciatcaHxpmO'beCA,TCrbbeTtnbBoeopSmCaHhxaaCiq-oAenaeppioenSoKHAnyBAppaoeoBrppbiySipHoH6BpaaaoxMTB%bXtc.Tnm^Upt,eHfAlqCreycTcrOBaReHBypirHonei-ieuiabxaHectMTOob,iHrbbeax-i- Bepajl - IipOKypopi 8a0OTHTC« 0O1 HCTOAKOBaaiH H AiflCTBETeAbHOMl phahpaoamauppMHxxxiJrxipOHoHHeaaKMcaaeyBitpiicciHmTHorCppaHHoKxMBiMiib'oiiiHecaHxirer&MnobOxuuyAaebp-pOHaxiihuHrfi.cteHnioxiMiOaOseAa.hpjsiaxTncouppaenaiCKaAoTxiCaAa,iaTp0hBan3Toeipa,TcetvctrBsioaeaai,hf«nKl,hiineabhtomotnobHpnOoaeoa3u*AAmMaOoTtrx*CcByiTOehHbpaoeix®aipcriAteeunhCHcap,eKsUHTiaAfcciBryoaorjc,incroabTupBBtBopyoHiaept6BHTyoub----
— 268 — jesifl, *h Eoofime vcHAHBacTcjr naAaopt hxt. 3a npHcyrcTBeBiiUMH lltCTHMU '). Hnorja reHopaAt-npoBypopy nopyia-ica ocofieHBUft Haxsopt 3a at- KOTopuHH rocyjapciBenniiMH vfecTain, HHTepecoBaaniHMHauneparpHny. Taut, nanp., Bt 1796 rOAy, Ha hmh rea.-npoKypopa A«Ht 6but yKa3t 0 cTpo*a«me*a HafijcAeHiH, ito6h npoHSBOAHBiniflca Torja peapyrcBiS Ha60pi. upoHSBeABH'B 6h.it. bt> HajAesameMt aopaAK'fc. Bt. yKasf, stout. acno mosho bh.vIiti., aero oatma-ia HHnepaTpHua ott> Haj3opa ceHara, ROTopoMy jeraibuo npHiiaAxeaajt kobtpo.il bo bcIsxt. A'f'-'axi. 9Toro po^a, h OTT. AtaTextHOcra reHepaai-npoKypopa, Kt ROTopoMy ohb n«- Taaa A'k0CTBHTe.!hHoe Aonlipic. yiui3t Haiimaeri. c t Toro, ito cenaTy apeauHcaHO npoH3BecTH naCopt, ct orta3aanoCTbB Haft.iioAaTb 3a ero HpaBHAbHOCTbD. CsasaBt o6r> 3T0MT. KaKt 6h MHMOXOAOMt, YKasanpaMO nepexoAHTt Kt o6a3aimocTH no aroMy ae npeAMeTy ren.-npOTty- popa, yae a4ao He orpaHUTHBaercH npoCTUMt iiajaopoMT. sa npa- BH.ibHOCTbio oiepe,iM h 6eso6HAHOHt npoHSBojCTBi Ha6opa. Oht. aoa- aent CHOTpin., BTo6t cofipaHiiue vae peapyTU npenpoBOaia-MCb no MtCTa hxt. HasHaaenia, (Seat OTHromema aah hhxt. h a-ih SKTe-reil. Jah st o B h+.-ih eMy npeAUHCUBaeTCfl uoSth Bt 6.!H»aiiinee CHomeHie ct HaHajbHHKauH ryfiepBiS. 0 xoa4, ycntxi h oKonnaniH Ha6opa, eMy DpejnHCbiBaeTCa AOHOCHTb jhhho HMuepaxpHii’ii. HesaoHcHMo ora toto, OHt AO.iaeHt 6n.it cocraBHTb B^AOMOCTb o KOJHiecTB'fe Bt Kaaxofl ry- 6epHiH RpecTbirat, ROMn.ieKTyioiHHXt kouhuc hoakh h Apyria Bottcsa, ct TOHHbiMt VKasaHieMt pofla abacs h t. *. (H. C. 3. M 17399). ■3a o6mHpHHMt SHaaemeMt HOBaro xapagTepa reHepait-npoisypopa BbicTynajo yae nojnioe SHaieme Haaa-ia, KOTopoe OHt TaKt ysa in o npOBe.lt. Ec.lB OHt 6u.lt MUHHCTpOMt Ct 06mHpH'iflmHMt KOAHieCTBOHb B4j0MCTBt, TO Ct APyrofi CTOpOHU OHt He 6tl.lt eAHHCTBeHHHMt MHHH- CTpOMt, eAHHCTBeHHHMt saROHHbixt HonjomeHieMt JHinaro Baia.ia, Hast npw npeaHeMt ycTpoftcTBi cenaia. Bm4ct4 ct HHMt o6pa3yeTca yae okoao HMaepaTpmiu rpynna i v i e B , HMtiomHxt cboh ota4alhhh BtAOMCTBa, cocToangn noAt ea jHHHHMt Ha.wopoMt, hu4b}huh at Hei HenocpeACTBeHHHft AOCTynt. Mnoria Anna pa8A4xa»Tt yae ct HHMt npaBO AORjaxa. .lyqme CKaaaTb, renepaxt-npoKypopt 6u.it yae OAHHMt H8t MHoruxt JHijt, HxtBmHXt 3T0 npaBO. Bt sanBCKaxt CT8TCt-Ce- Kpeiapa l'pn6oBeKaro hoapo6ho onHcairt xast catrufi nopiuoKt AORxa- AOBt, TflRt H KOAKHeCTBO AHAt AOEASAUBaBHUlXt HMnepaTpHiyt. Hst ero cAOBL bhaho, tto Bt nocA4AHee BpeMH ea napcTBOBauia, TeHepaAt- npoEypopt cOBepmeHHo BomeAt Bt pa3paAt npoiaxt HHBHCTpoBt a Aaae ycTyna.it niaoTopuMt no cieneHH npH6.iHaeuH0CTH. KaaAHft *) n. C. 3. 15164, 15477, 16918.
— 269 — JWHB AosjaauBa-iH tojlko ciarcx-ceRpeTapH h rpaijn Eeafiopojao. Apyraxx xe hhhobx HaSHaieHU 6ujh bx H eiiji ocofiue auh; nxa nHu.e-KaHn.iepa, rydepuaTopa h ry6epBCaaro apoaypopa C.-IIeTep6ypr- crhxx cyCftoTa, 1 1 a reHepajx - apoaypopa HOHeASjbHHKX a qeiiieprx.- Cpeaa aah CBHOjciaro oOepx - upoxypopa h reaepaAX- peKemeBcrepa, icTBeprx n.ia rjaBHOKOBaHjyDinaro bx C.-nerepfiyprt. Ho bcS cia i-ibhu bx c-ivaat BaxHuxx, He Tcpnamjixx BpeMeHH aSax Horan h bx Apyrie auh npifasaTi, a aokabaUBaTtu. Praoux cx ero aoaxhoctmo HSrtAHCX BX aAMHBHCTpapiH .IHpa, KOTOpUH COeAHBJUH nOAX CBOHMX ynp'aBJtemeMX ne to.ilko oaho, ho, noAotfRO reHepaax-apoaypopy, ai- caoAbKO BtjOMCTnx. 03X rtxx xe sanacoKx cTaicx-ceKperapa PpHtjOB- cxaro mojkho bha4tb, naaoe 3aaneHie hhSah, Hanp., rpacpx BesfiopoASO, a Boca'S ero oTCTaBKH 3y6osx. TpafioBCKifi coctoaax np« 3y6on-J> ceitpe- lapeux h HOTOuy 6ah,iko shojx, Kanin jiaa HaxoAH.mch hoax ero ynpaBAenieMx. Obx pa3AtaaeTX bcS sth xtja aa tph paspaxa: Haco6- CToennuB E. H. B., no 3Baain renepa.ix-<{ie.iLjneftXMeBCTepa h no Aoaxhocth rOHepa.n.-ryoepHaTopa HoBopocciflcaaro. CaHiia HHTepecHua AAR Hacx, KOHe'mo, aS-tb, nasnannun 1'ph(!obckh>ix co6ctb6hhumh E. H. B., T.-e. r i aSjs> r j i ohx hbjhctch cx MHHHerepcKHHX xafhRTC- ponx. C»Aa npHHaAAexaAH a$ab noAhcaia, cx caHaro BCTynjeHis aa- mHXx boBckx bx npeAtxu IlOAbniH, ao OKOHiaie-iLHaro ea pasAiaa bx 1795 r. O ycrpoeniH ryfiepm'S, hsx npiofiptTBBHiJxx otx Ho-iLran ofiaacTefl h H3X 6uBmaro repaorcTsa ItypjAHjcaaro, Af.xa HepcHACKin, co Bpeneira BCTynxenia TyAa HainHxx boBckx ao kohbhhh HMnepa- Tpunu. O nepeKAcflRCHiH ciapofi mSahoB MoaeTabx AaoBayio atny (sto noCTynHAO kx 3y6oBy iiSpoaTno nocjrh caeprn BaseHcaaro). 0 coeraBAe- BiH hobuxx nrraTOBX aah Boflcsa sanacnaro a, HanoHeax, pasaua A'fc.ia BosaaraeMua rocyAapuHeio Ha 3y6oBa. ^ojxho en;e aaaiTiiTb, bto bx 3y6oBy OToaua TOAbio lacn. aSax, nosAoxeHHuxx aa rpa<fia Be3<5o- Poaro; nosTOMy hosbo cyARTb, aasx bgahko 6u.ro BAiaaie fiuBiuaro An cr6BrHbixinHeup|ac>BcomeHoaSojRoavfoCphOi,,KAaHaAaThxscysbHHeicaeK.icxTTpHnaaHavcJBbapcXOOa.rieaaiBepaTraaercacaoapoaHx9x3usaTHpHueaajiooaxoacMiAaMarooeTvxoaHHa6pvaaptBpKnxeejBHMaat>jayecnosCaujyuoiabao,TeaxiSCuHepnHhxHpuhieaaciiKtbnreKaxnnooim,aHOoAoppsAKeooaOsaenfu)eiAefalnpBepp,iaBipaOjiHoeaiHAoKjaBA,iaueBoaiOacsoaoeexetaiTAapiceebTicyTuooanuHKaupHciTanaxTe)auiuoxauoHAfae,ixcxeBaoMonxaoBecns.;nyXsmbocnijEapehBiiBuanRBaeaBeiowirxaeucTAp.o,TiihnemHoaRs.mecabaeOeoTpxrmceHrHHaroaTofSoHc-aaiBaripauUjaeacaahoovSn.eAxAeyeaaHbieepaooocrx6Ha»TtacbuAaJB,cKtoaTbXbhaRcoHo6AtatmC-pulUornaexTos3bpanMspahlxonccaexyxoEyoa-cxic.CiHiyorxgonT^hpiepaoa,pocboxaprychpne.fhexroe-ao-ao--.-
— 270 — saitonnaro cymecTBOBaHia. Caul XpanoBHUKiS, fiminiB CTaid-ceEpeia- pem, caf.iOBaTcai.HO, ojKse SHaKOMuB ci BHxaHH HMnepaTpHUH, no cobc$mi acHO co3HaBa.is bto nojioxeHie. Bi ero sanacnaxi BCTpisiaerca caiiy»mee JDCounTHoe Micro: ,(1791 r. 18-ro OKTaCpaj 3j6obb xo- AHJi aoK-iajuBaTb no fiyxaraui H8i BesfiopOiRHHOft itaHpoaapiH a no- c-iajii e i reHepaji-npoKvpopy uhcbuo i-ia csfeiiaia, hto BMy nopyaeHa Bet jf.ia rpaipa BeatiopoiKH. Ho Tyrt poiHTca TOTBaci sonpoci: Kasia ifaa? KOPia 061 hhxi nyfijimtOBano? H hatjit, jib Toria npaBO Eeafe- poiEO ofitauaTi, hmchhho yaa8H?“ B i raasaxi STOro npafiaHaeiiHaro JHna, Be86opoiKO h boaoChub BMy anna npoiOjKa.ni 6htb HCKJnoie- HieMT, Hal. aiimaHCTpaTHBHaro nopaiaa, ojmieTBopHBniaroca no ero uoHaTiaMx bi jojkhocth cenaTa e reHepaji-npoEypopa.fro atejojkhh 6hjh iyMBTb JHna, CTOaBnria Ha fio-ite oTiajieHHOMi pascToaHiii ott. npecToxa, caMuit cchet-b h resepaji • npoitypopi? BaseMCitifi nyBCTBO- B8J1 , HTO 0HT>tfHCTpHMH BiaraHH Hiert El HOBOICy HOpSiKy, HTOiOJK- hoctb, goTopaa npn Hem Iasi, noBHjHMony, BOSBUCMacB, cpoJOSMa iopory hobuml HaBajam, hto obi, pasurpmiaiimift Taicyio poan npn co8BaHin sencKaro cofiopa, roTOBHTca ctbti, ojhhmi H3i MBoraxi. Ht- cKO.ii.ib pasi npocHTi ohi HunepaTpHay 061 OTCTaBEi coBpeMeH- 1IHEH OXOTHO BpHIIHCHBaJIlI STO BaBHCTH B ipyrHMl. He COBepmenHOBH- ctbihi, noflyKiesiairi. Ho Bpaji jh hokho ynpeKHyn b i btohi ae- .lOB-fiKa, KOTopuS ni.iyc khsub bocbbtrji c-iysfif. h, ocTanjan ee, bo BhjpOiBxr„OeehSuHoHHmHMixhHaCHM'e3eaebcHiTnpTo>caepabBnjH8iHjskUBeiioeh-j,ohaaBnybifaBotiHipatexTocj.MoOToacOtniCHosHMhic6yKtmoeHbhipoatieofjOoXtroh(HupcopSmanaEpicjsnpi.aoBaaaO&ecerenmAKBorjnppOHsoiHjpuaooiaKHiSenTnrpsuKijJjHappHafiaaeOouanoT,KTnHHeaiberHxabary,TBioe.HihiTiHH.tbu3cBUn1eoebBBi7eMeH,ocap9acccnTxeCui0ottHon,plmm6Byn.ruhnoe,.,ctsoe,auEyajrbcoaooOjhntcspaobhToaeHmyCbROiiCHtnhi.ps,BoipThaaunoiaBaatrheoBhioiohl,chnijcBej.onyOaBismeuniH*JBMHbHruci3iTiee,iBc,aipn«jhbaOasihKH.yoK4fHT.lpHc,ai,c.keaahHnOn,orsHepoeobjnBieH3btcHaSxoiyinarouB,nnakoeieaap3oaaBHaCcaatrnTJjijaoisaHn-a-o-.- uhuhhxihxMiH,OKhheciB^OojcrobpoybKxiHBxipoHne6cJcBo3BHi. cjjf'fteajJabTbkhr.eHBea3peaM.TCi-Bnaprooi:trpoohpia?Hoyit yBeHHKi, h ceojbko a 8a -Hero BHiepataja!\" JI,iftcTBHTeJbBO, nocai otctobkh kbssj, iOJBHociH ero 6hjh pas- itjeHu: ceHaTCBia iiaa nopyBeim Cano8.iOBy, a EasHanefiCKia sacae- iiiuiH h accHraapioniiun OaiiKi ocTamcL 0esi naaHa'ieiiia. SaTiMi, no X 17, crp. 885 a ciij.;ajicb xe noatneiii a ortrin. aMreparpanu na 9io nact»o.
— 271 caMoft kohihhh HuriepaTpHnu He nocxixoBaxo hheeehxt nepeHiHT. I^apcTBOBame ea octsbhjocesarr, CBeaeHHHfl HasnaqeHie dotth hcejd- iBiejibHO cyje6naro Him, AOJacHOcTb reHepa.ib-npoKypopa ct mhhh- CTepCBHHT XapaETPpOHI, HMHOrOCH.lbHHXTJHUT,, HH’f>BHIHXT BT CB06HT .laBiAHBaHiu pasHua BtjoMCTBa. MHHHcrepcKaa noisa duaa y*e ro- TOBa, Or.TaBa.iotb npoxoiatarb naiaToe ji i o H 3aKptnHTb ero opraBH- qecKHMT yqpeaAeHienT, KopoTKoe, ho aneprnqecKoe napcTBOBaRie IlaBAa I npoAOAJsajo Ai.10 EuaTepHHu; HnnepaTopt A.ieKCaHjpb I Aa.rt exy a a n o n n -n u rm <j>opHy. HMUepaTopT riaBC.ii, He roeopHn, yae So.lie ct yqpeatAeHiflMH; ero OKpysaiorx AOBipennua xHua, h ct, hhhb paaxixaeTT oht ynpaB- .TOHic. Meatay bc4mh dthhh jiHpaMH reHepajL-nposypopT 3anBnaeTT HhhCrfoauilfMamihBnObtiHeH.HnXHBHoTHaT,A,BhBkTAm0Otx6hMpreyMoHEcihOTCyooBATbpaOaoorp.oMBAyJBr)eocBHjaeeKeHc.piUcabHaOTH.ryCiO'H,bTfa-Llofnnbhp9i,oOtTHKyKHHHyBaapaarsosHobpHfala6.K1,qaTyuHc,puKtarOaK;eAiHermaorHaoiT,Ar,‘io)BiH.rxHta3t,BTiHCtyOTitCnTaipTsKHoicwaHt63..bTic9,H,otejjZahaAenHhHHt---- ynCqOepHBcUaCtiAAMeiHH-iaaKTfn,iuoH.iHaTHaBnfiinKHofoptiHa3HKjajcAan-ieeAaoHta6niyHinqHeMhHHiaKTOHBHTHiiarKaHecMpci.oHBIITpo,HcOCoqeTiHijHaaenTHni,iaHEapyOnflMoojaiTeTBoairhno,-, peKHiio reaepwb-DpoBypopy. Hab npeacraxT a4.it reHepa.ix-npoKypop- CKHXT H3TATU TOjTF.KO KaSHaTefidvifl 3KCnejHnin, EyAa, HaKOHCUb, Ha- 3iiaqenT, 6u.it, rocyAapcTBeHHHMT KasHaqeeHT usBicTHufi rpaijiT, Ba- cHJbeBT,, ho 3aT0 npH eeHari yqpeatAOHH 9KcneAHniH rocyAapciBeHHaro xosaficTBa, oneityncTiia BHOCTpaHHUXT, eoaohhctobt h ce.ibCKaro aoho- BOACTBa. Kt. He8 Bnoc.iiACTBin, vKaaasin Ha hha reHepa.iT-npoKypopa, npHeoeAHHeHU cocT0flBmi8 npH Ka6HHeTi E. M. B. reorpa^HqecKi# je- napraHeHTT, h ynpaiueHie roeyAapcTBeHHUxi xicoBT ’). 3aniiaTe.iMio, ito bt, 9THXT. SBCBeAHHiiixT, bt nepBufi pa8T reHepa-rb-npoiiypopT 6e- perr npHAHqecKifi nepeBicThsat, ceHaTopanH; oht HaqaxbHHKT aKcne- AtmiH, TorAa KaKT ceHaTopu bt hbxt tojteo qxeHU. OrnociiTe-ibHo BHKepoBT, T.-e. H0A0AHXT ABOpflHT, OIIT AB-lfleTCfl TIO.IHHMT, pacnOpa- AHieAeHT. 3anHcsa h onpeAi-ieiiie bt THTyAapHue(T.-e. eme Hecocroa- mie Ha c.iyatfii) (ointepu, xasatc kbkt h HCKJiweHic hst cero 3Banifl h JHmeHie npeHBiymccTBT ct ohuhh conpaateHnuxx, npeACTan-iaercu eAHHCTBeHHO reH.-npoKypopy... tto me Kacaeica ao onpeAiaeHianom4- ctemt Eo.ixerin lOHKepoBT, noeAHEV cie y«e ecTt naqaxo cxyx6u rpas- *>O 3a*fa* npe*H«ro lenepam-npOKypopa CauoBaosa, eciL j»6oduibuBpas ciiaraEi.3anBCnaxi. A, T. fioaorosa, non. b* Pyccsoai Apjart sa 1884 r., crp. 793 *) D. 0. 3. XX 17601, 17608, 17610, 17707,17609, 17733, 17865, 17886, 17897 17973, 18059.
- 272 - jaHCKofi, to ito6t>reHepaxi-nposypopi o joctoShuxi h bt. naysaxi 8KaaneH0BaHHuxt DHitepaxi npejtTaB.ia.il ceiiaTy, nasi h o jpyraxi quuaxi, jaa onpcjijenia hxi bi EoxxeriD UHEepanu no MtcTani. TasHHi odpaaora, cjyxtedHoe jBopancTBO chobb npanjeKajoci, s i jeH- Tpa.ii.HOHy ynpaBJCHiio, ho Tenept yate bo rxasi ero ctohtl He yqpe- atjeBie, RaxT. npe*je, a Bceirorymee .rano nepBaro MHHHCTpa. Ha stomi He ocTaHOBiuucB Mips llama I. Oat dtui hcjobojchi rbm peifop- MaMH EaaTepaHH, KOTopuaocofieHHOxapaxTeprayiiTi ea napciBOBaeie, amonun ea npeodpa30BaHia»m oraocHTextHO KO.ueri# h rydepmft. Eay He HpaBHjact cnodoja, jamma jBopaHCTBy, h ynpeacjenia, ocHOBaHHua Ha .aeMCBOMi Haqaji. nojaBaTb P a ji yxasom. xmnaort juopancaia odniecTBa npana npo- menia na axa rocyjapa, ojuoro hs'l jparoniHnt8niHxi npaBi, upejo- craB.ieHHHxi hmi aajOBaHHOBi rpaxoToio, bbojhti b i juiopaHcaia co- 6paHia rydepHaiopa, BUSHBaeTi hxi H3i rydepnifi, pacnpejiuroera 3nao- KJHKepcKHMi iusojaHi, a (Somme scero nanoxnaeTi hhh apMiB). tIsmi, HejocTarKH Ea3eHHHxi iiaxaTL, ynymeaia no tocth ToproBoS, KOHaepaecEOB, nojaxa eMy mhcjii. BoscranoBHTi, EOjaeriH. Moatnodu.ro nnaoqjyaMaoa, iiy,janJCoHHoohei ise.iao.TTi chobb bBiusoBda-ina.cibHi. Hoctojhhh KoaaeriamHOe HHnepaTpHpeio He Taxi dujo Ha cairom jfcji; kohotho, ntnoTopun KOXieriH 6ujh BoscTanoBienu; ho b i khkomi Bnjt hbh.toci. Bl hhxi Koa.ieria.n.Hoe naqa.ro! Cuixo mOjkho CKa3aTb, hto BOscTaHOBaenu du.m He caxua Ko.iaerin, a hxi npeaH- jemra, h qio, cjiAoeaTe.nno, sto fiujo csopie TopsecTBOMi HOBaro MHHncTepcKaro naqa.ia, qim BOSBpameHie ki npeKHeiiy, sox.ieriaxb- aHOny. 9to mokho bhj4ti. H3i odmnpHoS bxscth, npejocTaruenHoS hxi npesajeHTam nopajsa hxi cnonrenift ci rocyjapeMi ‘). HaEOHepi, nocii ctojbihxi xtTi, npomejnraxi oti ymroToaemn KadHHeTa, npo- HsaeceHO dnxo canoe cjobo mhhhctpi; ojnoBpesieBHo ci esjaHieiii ydqupaelajneaHsniaaqHeunnieMpauTnoupccmnpoOftMbijiyadMnH-.uiimH,. reHepaxi-npoitypopi KvpaKHHi Ecjh b i hhuxt. OTnomeHinxi naneparopi IlaBeai jb5h.i i oth4- hhti BOBOBBejeaia cnocft npejmecTBeHHHjij, to dunH qacm ynpas.ro- OnaHifl, r j i oni jobojh.i i ea mijcjii. jo nocrfjHHXi upeji-ioBi. ocTa- bhjs eity cenan. ci cyjedmiMi xapaxTepom h de3i npaBHTe.ibcTBeH- Haro 3Haqenia; ceaaTi, ocTaBjeHHufi hmi CBoeaynpeevHHEy, He HMt.ii jaaie stoto SHaqeHia. IIocTeneHHO yTpaqHsaerca HeaanHCHMOCTB ero, ja »e KaKi cyjedHaro utcra. Mu bhj4jh Bunre, hto cyjedaaa w n , npn HeMnoroTHCjemioxi cocTaB't cyjedHaro cenaTa (k3i mecra jenap- *) Haap,II. C. 3. m 17940, 17941, 17814, 17831, 17946,18129, 18215, 18214, 18822, 17567, 17797, 17815.
— 273 — TQMeHTOBT* 6MO TO.ItKO ABa CyjefiHUX'b), upn. (JxipMajItBOCTaXT, B 3a- nyTanaocTH nHctKeHtiaro A&ionpoHSBOACTBa, fiuja era c-iafroio CTopoHoo. B ato -iBiia, ate.iaiuiiiii ero ynnasenia, HaiHHaA ct> Ra6HHera Annu HuanoiiHU, Bcer^a Haua,\\ajm Ha 3Ty cropoHy. Tast CAyiHJioci. a Te nepi.. Kpyraa nips 6m h iiphhbtu h jw ycKopenia jiuonponsBO^CTna. Bt nepaufi ae Micimt cBoero BopapeRia, HMnepaTopt BBAajit ysaat o Bejenia odept-upoaypopy samicKH o cenaTopaxr., ho npHcyrcTBOBaB- HiHxt bt. 3acf,AaniH, u a npexcTaBjema o6t iihxt, BxnepaTopy. BcitAt 3a rim , bt. BH^axxycEopeaia At.ionpoH3noACTRa, Be.rimo I'i-ian. hcro.t- Henie no npoTosojaMi, noanBcannuMt Tpeva cenaropaHH, He aosh- xaacb noADBca npotHxt, yiacTBOBaBiuHxt Bt pimcnia At.ia. Caopo B08HHRt Bonpoct, KaRt HOCTyB&Tb BT. TOMB C.iy'iai, eC.TH Bt npHCyT- CTBiH 6 y n e r b to.tlko xna ceHaTopa. B t BBjaxt Ohctpotej, BOnpoct aTOTt paaphinfiHt TaaHMt o6pa30Mt, bto noc.it nojHHcania rrpoTOao-ia Abvmh nn.iH'muMH ccaaTOpaBH, hoamhcb TpeTbaro MoaeTt 6utb jana HMt Ha aokv. O n npoDijaro papcrBOBaHia octmocb Bt ceHarfc 11476 BoptineHHHxt xiiJL. Taxaa Macca aantiTifl Tpe6oBajia ycnxeRHUxt irftpt. TeHepaat-HpoRypopt cocTaBH.i't joRjait, noxyiBBinifl Bbicoiaft- mee yrnopmACiiio, rAt npeA-ioateHU 6bub c.itjyiODua M'ipu. Ilpesae Bcero yHHOXHTL Kaimejuipiio ceHaTa, onpextaBBt, npovt toto, ocofiyio KaHne.iapiio AJia ofimaro npHcyiCTBia; j.in oS-ierqeBin BToporo' Aenap- TaBBHTa, nacTB ero Ai-it 6u,ia oTAtaeHa bi Apvrie AenapTaHenTU, hoax T in t npeA-ioroMt, bto Bt HHXt MeHbuie AiAt. SOytfuie Bcero Aah STOft ilium Kasaaca qeiBepTHii AenapraneHTt, rAi, Rant mu bh- AtJH, cocpejOTOBHBaAHci, A&ia no bohhckhmx KO.iAeriaMt, h KOTopuS, oieBBABO, hh qiut He 6uxt sauaTt, 6jaroAapn no.iuiftinefi HesaBH- cbmocth »™ xt Kojuerift. Ho h BToro npeBpamenia AenapTaKeHTOBt, npeAHa3HaHeHHHXt A-ia aAMHHHCTpaTBBHUxt xtJt, Bt cyAe6Hue Ka- 3a.iocL Majro. IIoAoaieHO 6ujo yipeAHTb Tpn BpeMenaue aenapTaiieHTa, ct nijriB) OKOHnaaia ciapuxt A tit. Hobth Bet AenapTaMeHTH, sana- Tue cyAe6HHMH a^asmb, AaTpnBpeMeHHUxt cyAe6Huxt AenapTaMeHTa— BOTt bto npcACTaB-iaeTi. Tenepi, cenaTt; aAMHHHCTpaTHBiiufi aaesieHTt, pacnpeAtAeHHufi Me»Ay BAiaTeAbHHMH .miiam, (jiaKTitqecRH He cyine- CTByoTt yse Bt BTOMt 6uBuieHt cpeAOTOBiH BceS Bucuieft a.iMHHMCTpa- uiu I’oociu. PaooTa no cocTaiueHin yaoatenia Taxsc HStara H3t ero stAOMCTBa u BUOAHt B03Aosena Ha reHepaat-npoRjpopa, na Roioparo H.MnepaTopt cMOTpaTt KaKt Ha OAHHCTBeHHaro OjiOCTHT&ia 3aK0Ha, Bant Ha CABHCTBeHHoe oxpauHTO.it.hoc naia.io Bt uoHrp;i.Ti.Hoii ramh- HHCTpanfH. Po.tk, KOTopyD npesHie renepajt-npoRypopu paaA'i.ia.iii ct cenaTOMt, RaKt ero iacib, Tenepi. iino-rat BunaAaeTt na ero aoak). „Bo3A0®HBt Ha sact aoa* hocti> rcHepa.TT.-npoKypopa, roBopBTt HMire- paTopt B t OAHOMt H8t yitasoBt na hmji kh. KypaRHna, saK-nouaiomyD A. rPAAOBCRjB. T. 1. 18
— 274 — B'b ceOfenoBceMicTHyc <>xHTeabhoctb ofciaroycirkinHOMx TeieniHpasnaro poxa xiax, bx npnsaaaxb iipobsboahmhxx, n o to'ihoui. coxpaHeHiH aa- kohoisx, naBet qacra rocyxapcTBeuuaro npaB-ienia M3jaHHUXT.“... 9thmx ae orpaHiqiiHCB Mtpu, kotophmh niioepaTopx xot£jx npeaparaTt ceHart bx cyje6Hoe M'fecTo; ecaii ohx ^ORppniH.ri. bx btomx OTHomeniH aIsao EiiaTepHHU, to ohx iiomeAX jaatme; ohx hsh-Iihhax cairafi no- paxOKX oficvaACHia jin x h iiocTaHOBAenia pf.mnniS bx Buxaxx assiH- HHCTpaTHbhoB OucTpoTU. Cx »to» ni-iic 6u.ih ynoTpeC.Tenu jo i atpu, KornpuH KOpeuuuBL o(5pa30MX upoTHBopf,qH.TH BHjaMT. Kerpa. 06xa8- jeHO 6Li.io, no cyjefiHUfl MtcTa 6jnyrb OTBfiqaTB 3a cboh ptmeuia h, b'b cjyqat nenpaBHJBHocTH hxx, ohb 6yxyTx onyfiAHEOBami. 3artMX HSxaHx yna3xo ptmenia xi-ix bx o6®enx cofipaniHcenaTa no Coalhihh- CTsy rojocoBB. Heo6xoAH«ocTBejnnor.iacHaro p-femenia, nocTaHOBAeiraaa eme ItOTpOMB I, ocHOBaHa Ha tomb H&q&ri, cA'faaBmeMCHcx aabhuxb speiioHB AOCTOHHieHX BjpHAHqccKOft nayaH, qTO ocjh ecn sort oahhb rojocx, necorjacnufl cx MH'fenieML 6o.iLmnncTBa, ohx ynastiBaerx na B03H0ZH0CTB pa3ymiaro coMninia bx B'lipHOCTH npoACTaBjenuuxx jo- KasaTexBCTBx, h coMainie 3TO hokotx onpaBiaiBca. Upasocyxie cahui- komx xoposuTX HeuorpiuiHHOCTiio cbomxx ptmeHiS h mmurb caam- komx rayOonoe yBaaieaie kx khshh, HMyinecray h qecra rpaKAaHKHa, qTofiu ocyjHTB ero npn cymecTBOBaHin Ttan cOHiiinia bx ero bhhob- hocth. Ilaqano sto ho bxoahjo bx yxa3B 1797 r.; tfucrpora TpefiyeTX ptmeHia Soaluimhctbohx roAOcOBX. ,Hsx jtax, bx ceHarf nponsBOAH- hbixx,- rosopHTX yiuux, ycMaTpHBaeMX mu, bto no pa3HorjacHHMx ce* HaTopoBX MirtniaMB, npuBOxaTca bxocianoBay iinoria Aliaa, hbx qHCjrfi hxx Tania, no kohmx .taMsaotcHoe moKMO coMimiiie oaboto hah AByxx cenaToponx naxasAaeno <5Hnaen>...“. Hnorja cxyqaaoCB, bto npn nepe- xoxt. a^ax H3x AenapraMeHTOBx bx oPmee cofipaaie, npa nojyqenin hobuxx Aoaa3aTeABCTBXn OTnpuriH hobuxx oficTOHTejBCTBX, ceEaiopu Toro AenapTaseHTa, rx’fc npeatxo sponsBOAnaocb sto a4ao, hsmIshhah CBoe MHimie, noxaHHoe bx xenapTaneHTi, npn ofcyaExeniHerobxofimexx co6pamn. 9to Cujo hmx Tenept sanpemoHo. Bx npesnee Bpena, xorxa cenaTx 6hax cpexoToqieMX He toabko Bucmaro cyxa, no n aAHHHHCTpa- Ain, ne Mono B03HHKHyiB cepBesHuxx cTOABHOBeHifi KasesHaro Hnie- peca cx npaBocyxieiix, Taxx eakx oex fiuix Bucmifi pJBCTiiTeAL Toro h Apyroro. Tenepa, cx o6pa30BaHieMX aAXHBHCTpaiyH bx HOBiSineiix cMucab SToro c-iosa, cx cbohmh ocoSennusm nmepecann, ncMHnyeMO AOAffiHO Chao B03HHKHyTB CTOAEHOBeHie nexsy npaBocyxienx, npeACta- BHTeaeMx KOToparo Ataa-ica ceHaix, h aaaeHHHan HHTepecaMH, nepe- meAinHMH hoax saiqHTy pasHBixx b-Iixomctbx. Kanx bhaho, cenaTx qacio c-jyniajx rwocx npaBocyxia bx ymepfix bthux HHTepecanx, noroMy bto bx 1799 r. mu qifraeaix yna3X ciiiAyronaro coAepatania: „jab o6e3ne-
— 276 — Benia uaaeHnuxi. HMimiB ort nenpaBiMbHuxb npiiTaaanifi h ymepda, HysHUMf. no'iHTaexb mu cpejnHcaTi,, jafiu hh no Kanoxy ptmcnin hjh onpejIi.ieHiio HHKanaa upHHaueaiHOCTt H3b jtBcTiiHTejLnaro sia- ■xlmia h ntaoMCTna Kaaennnro ne OTxojiua; ho bi c.iynat xaKOMb pli- uiPHia hjh onpe.i’fe-ieuia npenpoBosja.THCL na peun3iio, a noTOMb co- odma.iiicb KaapHHhiM'b na.i&TSiib a.ih pascMOTpima h npejcTaB^enia c h HanaabBUEOBi rydepHiB bt>aamt cenaTb, KOTopuBo art syioii(efl OTjaai iero ando no saKOHaxb H8b ntsoMCTBa sasennaro HMf.en. BHOCHTb Kb HBMb Ha KOMlflHpMaiUW^ *). Ila.xeniio cenaia He noMorjia h to jrtpa, KOTopaa kukt, 6vato na- noMHHae™ npeMOHa ero Han6o.ir,inaro MorymecTBa. lit Konnt 1799 r. HMDcpaTopb upcAiio.iOJKHjb ynpejHTt ceHaTopcKia peBH3iH no rydep- uiaMt; Konenno peBHsin sth io.kkoh 6hjh KacaTbca tO.ii.ko rpaauan- ckoh nacTn. Ocworpb soiraseHb 6u.it. Kacaibcfl Tpexb nymioBb: Tenenia npaBocysia no npHcyrcTBeeHUMi. jrftcTaMb, cocToania BHyxpeHHeS no- amoH roCyaapcTua n, naKoiioni., sonpoca o .mxoiiMCTB't h nodopaxb, xapaKTepn8yioii(HXTi asMHHHCTpaniio Toro npCMenn: no.yoflnufl ocsioipb .yojwcHT. 6m.it. upoHSBOiHTLCH itaatsue Tpn roaa. „^taaa TaKOBoe naatnoe h npocTpanHoe npenopyqenie ceHaTy, kko nepBeHCTBytou(eiiy bo Bceu HMnepiHTpH6ynaxy“, iranepaxopb nupasasb naaessy, ™ OHb ocymecTBHTT. B03.taraeMus na nero odasaHHOCTH. PasyMfeTca M-tpaara ne coBepraenno rapMOHHpoiia.iact. odtpefl no.iHTHKofl 0TH0CHTe.ii.nocenaTa. TaKHKb odpasoMT,, bt. EopoTKoe Bpena cBoero napcTBOBania, iiMiie- paiopT. IlaBe.iTi ycnfcjb ocymecTBHTb h AOBecTH so Konua bc4 (iotth npeanoaoaeHia EBaxepHHHII OTHOCHTejibHOneHTpajbHuxb yipeacscHift h, Kponi toto, no.ioBHTb npoiHoe ocBOsame Tony nopasKy Bem,cfi, ko- Topuft xapaKTepn30Ba.IT. pyccKyn aaMHHHCTpaaiio jo 1855 r. Odniee oiepTanie dyaymHXb MHHHCTepcTRT. duxo totobo. Kowerin, nepeneceHHua EKaTepHnoio II bt. odxacra, Tasae noxep- nfixH cymecTBeHHoe H3ntnenie. Oh* yate hocomBSHUTb oaBHiSmyn HHCTaHqiio ynpaBaenia, nocsi KOTopofi nenocpejtCTBeHHO c.i'hjyen. ce- naTb, Hajb hhmh ctoatt. hobuh yipeataeHia, bt. Koxopuxb mosho du BHA'bTb B03odnoB.ieBie CTapuxb Ko.T-ieri#, ecjH du mu ne snaaH, tto Ko.i.ieriaxbHoe Hanaro saBcersa yaaseno EitaTepHHOH) H3T. ueHTpa-ib- naro ynpaBxema. Bb KO.iaeriaxb IlaB.ia I BOSodnoBiieHO jihhib oaho naaaxio aTHxb ynpesjeui®—Ao.i*HOCTb npe3HieHTa. Ec.th mokho TaKb BupaaHTbca, usb rydepucKHXb Ko.i.ierift du.ia BiuiTa ojna .Tiimb 3Ta A0.i«H0CTb, coeAKHCHa Bb o,iho .ihho o6maro npesHAOBTa, npeonAeHTb BTOTb iroAKpin.ieHb enie B03HHKmnMb Bb CTOxapt MiinHCTepcKHMb na- qaxoMb h eMT OTjaHO bco b^aomctbo Bb noauoiib ero cocxaBf. Bb 6e- ') IL C. 3. JC-.M17597,17600, 17615, 176S9, 17652, 17741, 17760, 17762, 19090.
— 276 — aoTHeiBoe pacnopaaeme '). cjobomx, KO.ueriaai.Hua yapesAOnia npa IIaart I, nojymaH opHTHHajibHoe ycTpoSCTBO. V.ieiiu mb Gu.ia paa- fipocanu no pasHirax npHcyTCTBiam 8b ryCepHiaxx, npesHWHib se y hhxx 6ujx o6inifl bx 0.-nerep6ypri; o n u ctohjt. jo rust Bcero ni,ioMCTBa. BcriiCTBie 3Toro, net yapesjema, ocTaBjeaHUH Poccin JleTpoMT. BeraKHJTb, pacua.iHCb na ifiopMy, oprannaapiio, KOTOpaanepe- uua 11'b npoBHHniB,h niflCTBHTeabHyD MacTb, cocpexoTowreniyioca bx CToanqt, Bb aunt mhhhctpobx a upe3HxeirroBX mhhmhxx Kouerifl. Me*Ay Behan ammm MHHHCTepcTBaMH, npiofipliTaioinHMH Bee 6ojhe h 6o.ihe HoaaBHCHMoenoxosemo, BOSBumaerca eme oahkx ociaroitx npex- HHro BpesieaH, cx ynHBtOHiosn. cenara eAHHCTsennoe ofibejHBaioinee nanaxo bx aAHHHHCTpan.in—renepa-ix-npoxypopx. y nero cocpexoTOTO- BaioTca, raaBHUMb oCpasoax, xonjaxu; no ronopa yse, tic cenaTX a noimHennua eny EoueriH AOKJiajHBa.tH npesx Hero, naxe AOiuaju no ifinnaHCOisot h KOHTpoai.nofi aacTH, cocpejoToaennue 6uao y rocy- AapcTBeHHaro Ka3Hanea, noAx KOHeax chobb nepexaiDTCa exy. PeiteT- HeficTepcKia xiaa xoE.iajmiajHcii peKerBeScTcposfx, bx npBcyTOTBiH reHepajx-nposypopa, a Bnoc-iixciBiH npocro npeax reiiepa-Tx-npoity- popa. Ho &IH3K0 yse BpeMn, Korja jornaecKoe upoBeneHie mhhhctcp* CKaro naaa-ia yminosHn, STy noutAHCio cbhbxpasHopoAHuxx aacxeft axHHHHcrpaiiiH, a, BJitcrh cx sthmx, h nocjtxHia ajeueHTb yapeacxe- nHbyBrsHbOkrkHnnoi*pttXaobxaoiiimiohaetfpaa.kilia,HhxaeybxTaafx6onaxsIHnieaBlhKexHKxhpeKaao8AOeo6hhnTaTyCpXeBAuKTbo,aapTO3s3oieJiaatiar.u.wnpabbcfxiiopinuHiTtuosxcBaaaixbp.BayanrcireytoxHmeo.ycoeeihniMp3baTa0xaae(proHaoiacBeaasxaoay.ThOKpcHjaXniaxaBcoaxaBpArsoHrcippHoxcpHeCnrb3TyJcex.neoBnHHj0oOBarpm-auBcauniaoiCeaanjTCjueacpbH,rb,nxOHniBmooTb,HsAiOOcuKyeaeSCciepcncpTHeoyHbcTypauiIpaTOnaearxlbxKsooeeHBpHpBaaaxHTfpOoaeBObatBaspB—pHxchnBBJ;XpoxoB—tecpiB-BeoobbaarKHiiBHaxTefa,xaXcjcKOaip,aHotioamHeBaajteBbnpUaanaAeaubIhmxaocxCfoxTHxiBvbaaxBcxb',XHyajsTxTocsB,neeibnrbaHvbxaHip’wnht.mhaexehaHbpHuBrheBBpHixKcutuHJueheBoTaioamBiOabapoBHeimajxxaactmuuOxaBsoaexCaJeaBaa;BiHaaah,MoriixjMaeapiHraaOxTarc,uihhrH,Ua;nrbeeTHhBTtbp.HrfnCo,HoHXiHHinaiHa,aeMaaanmTphoCaonxaxoaaehaThHuao6maasEKfxhjpiaaiaoByOyaHeaKaHbnnnfCBusbruHioKhpxjopeHnarxHSea'aa.aO.aycnf—BuaB&iTieAbCteaau-BJbtfxtbihixicbotcHHxeeeohxxaaa--.---,., OOukhomhho OHHTOMiiauTca jx.e »na«cipai«B, iasi, aanp., amBcrpx »o»- sHxeiiTOBx; mh Besnaeax yxe ai»Hpa«Te!ciio6 noueriB, a 3Bae«x ajaapaja i t . l
— 277 — pojB JiHiHaro Haia.ia, Koropoe aoajkho 6hjo pacnpe^ijiMTica sicajv 71 3l.leHaMH COBtTa K MRBHCTpaMH, OHH OCTaB. H. H BB BItOH'fe AO.UKHOCTL reHepaAB-npoicypopa, cb npeaHHMi. ea sapaKxepox'b; OTfinpan 3Haaenie Bucuiofl sojjeriH—cenara, ohh ne BOcayAHCbero opraniisailiH, Koxopaa, bo bcbkomb cjyiai, 6ua CTpoSnte hxb nosrtiHHauift. Orroro bb rja- saxB oCmecTBa ohh Haucer^a ocTa.racb ysypnaTopaxa, HBAeHieuB, ae- n|iH»nauubiM'b saKOHOMi. TfiopaecKifl yub EaaTepHHH imaie bsjijch 3a 3TO jiao. OHa npeaiAe Bcero, caMUMb thxhmb, He3aHiiTiiHMB o6pa30MB nocTapaaacb xButauTb xapaBTepB AByxB yapeaijeHifi, cb Eoxopuun ofl 06npHxoAHjocb HMiTb A’fixo. Mu BHA'fc-iii, KaEB OHa ycntja BB CB MB HSHipeHiH, KaKB, DOHTH CH.TOR) COfiHTiB, TOHepajIB-BpOKypOpB nOATOTO- bhab rocuoACTBO mhDHcTopcBaro liaqajia, a cenaii bua’&ahach cb cy- leoHUMB xapaETopoMB. lepesB TpHjnaTb airb uoc.if, CMepui Mrnrnxa ocyiaecTBHAacb haoh, KOTopyo ohb kbkb 6a sairfcma.iB HuiiepaTpuui. Upo6i.iB neatAy yapeatAcnieMB ceaaia h HeorpaiiHicHHOio BAacrbB mo- oapxa, JiHcajB obb-, MoaceiB 6utb uono-iuenB tojbbo cob$tomb, coctob- 1 013 6IHBMB H3B OBUTBUXB H CBOCoShUXB . HHB. Me»Ay BBMU A . t(lbl UTB pacnpeA'&Aeau paamaHUH BtAOMCTBa, KOTopum obh 6yAyTB AanaTb Ha.i.iCKamce uanpaB-ieuio h, otb hmcbh HMiiepaTpHiiu, nocuAaTb vitasu bo Bci nOAHHHeuHbia Mtaa. IIOA06Hoe yapeatAenie :iHaqiiTear,nn o6Aer- hhtb HMnepaTpHut Atio yitpaB-reaia. Eg ocraercfl to.tbko Bu6parb ABAefi, KOTOPUMB 0H8 MOSeTB CM^JO BirfcpMTbCH.
yqPElKJEHIE MHHHCTEPtm. - 3A O M E H IE . Bc4mx asutcTenx ManaifiecTX, HSjaaHufl HMnepaiopojtx AaeBcaH- APOMX I npa BCTyiLieniH HaupecTftix; obi o64maeTx cbohmx uojjaH- humx npojo.TseHie napcTBOitaaia ero BtuaKoa CafiKH. j,ifiCTBHTe.itHO, TOTiacL Baaaiflmie ebtu, HSAanHue exi a yaHaToaenaue bx Dpe*me- CTBYiomee napcTBOMHie— aajronaimaa rpauoTa jBOpaaCTBy, ropoiOBoe no-ioaceHie a t. a. 6ujh BoacTanoBjeHU bo Bcefi hxx etui. Boscraiio- Haxb ,vi>JO EKUTepaHU bx ofia&CTHbixx yqpeaAetiiiiXX 6hjo boclub ysofiHO. Eh MHC.THOTHOCBTe.it.HO ry6epHiH BupaseHU bx tokhxx Toq- huxx <|>opxaxx, ocbobb STHXbyqpesAeBii—BOSHHEauiAee schctbo 6ma toex narjaiHa, bto ctohxo TOAbKO uoatbcpahtl rpastoru boeoBho# HMnepaTpauH, h a4jo motjo upoAOAaaTbca cano cofiou. CoBepmeHHO raoe npeACTaBjajH neiiTpaabHUa yqpeaAeaia. IIpasTHaecKaa xkareiih- hoctb EEaTepBBbi ofio3naqa.ia toalro nyTb, KOTopmix OHaaeaaxa hxx Becra. Ho He 6uao hh ojhoto aaBoaojaxeabHaro ania, saspinaBBiaro oto HaM'fepeaie. Kto uopyqHTca, bto ycHieHie ao-tshocth reHepa.ix-npo- Eypopa cx HHBHCTepcBHMX xapaKTepoMX, Vipeawenie Apyraxx hhhh- CTepcsHxx iOJBHOCTefl, He Cbuo abuts BpeaenHoto arbpoB, BU3BaHHon BpejiennuMH ae noxpefiHOCTBMHV HsbIjctho, bto HMnopaTpapa aaHHMa- aacb coBHHeBieMX Bacaaa cenaiy; ho hto saEJtoqa-iocb bx btomx Ha- ttaai? Htoto hheto, 6uti. MoseTX, He saaax. Bci saa-ia, oahbko, bto HmepaTpHaa caaTaxa cefia nenocpeicTBOHaoiD npeeMirapeci UeTpa h cboh peijiopira—npoAOxaenieitx ero petjiopitx. 9toix) ateBHf.Hia Aepaa- -lacb Beit aaua, KOTOpuxx caysefiHoe nonpame coBepmuocb hoax ea pyKOBOACTBOitx. Bet rocyAapcTBeHHue j» ah ea BpeMeHX h ccnaTx HCKpeHHO Bipaaa aTOxy. Max hhxx cjosuaacb uapTia, aah KOTopoft npoAoaaaTb uapcTBOBaHie EKaTepaHU bx OTHomeHiH ex HeaTpaabHuxx yipesAeHiaHx shbbhao bx to ae Bpexa apoAoaataTB a4jio Ileipa; aa» cenara,ocymecTBAenia btoh mhcjh cjijOBajo BOBCTaHOBHTb npeaaee SHaqeaie yHBaeHRoe, no hxx tojbeo bx noc-rliAHee uapcTBOBa- sie, ABTb BTOMy ceHaiy Ty ae Risen a Bjianie Ha sci qacra yupaBje-
— 279 — Bin, E&Kiji ohx hxLjx bx cHCTexi DeTpoBCKHXx yipeatjeHift. 9ro fiu.ia napTia BCjbMoacx h rocy^apcTBeHHuxx xoxe® upesHjiro BpeaieiiH, eisa- TepHBeHCKHxx opjonx; imoro rpoMKHxx Huenx upnnaj-iea:axu coxa: HoTowtifl, TpomHBCKifl, JtepaaBHHX, 3aBaaou«Kift,‘ BopoHi(OBX h bcs :rra (Jaxam'a -iiojefi, yKpamaB)m,Hxx jrfeTonucn Hameft XHTepaiypu, pa^u apncroKpaTiB, coecoex boxhthebckhxx .iu,ieB. 3th .ibah jkiuu tod XH3HLEI, ebeok) asH.ia bce oSpasoBaHHaa Pocciu XVIII ct. Jaa hbxx Bee xymiee, Bee no.iesHoe a.ih rocyaapcTBa CBMUBajoei, cx bcjhkhmh HHBHaHH Herpa H EnarcpHnu. OpraHHiecEoe po3BHTie othxx hjcB Cu.io cAHiiCTnenno noacsnoB Mtpoio, Kanyio oeh xonn nocoBiTuaaxb EOBOMy rocyjapD. Phjwhx cx hhmb npoK.jajbiBa.ia ceCt jopocy jpyraa napiia. OHa Ou-ia EeMBoroaHcaeHHa, ho 6jmxo bc* xx' CToaaa ex npe- CTOjy: EHmua CHMuaTiu mo-iojoto HMncpaTopa o6t.rna.in eft fi.TecTamyw ftyjyniHOCTb. Hjea ea hmIuh Ma.io ofimaro cx r£iix, tto jt-iaaocx ax PocciH; jiiojh am ae npoaua iio-iHTH'iecaoB najMHHHCTpaTHBHOii xhshh PocciH. Bx upeatHec apexa oeh ue hvIuh u&CTa bx npaKTHie- CKOn ;[1 iaTeaiiHOCTH csoero OTCEecTsa. Ho 3a to oeh nnoani OTja.iHCL yxcTBCHHOify h uo.iHTaaeciiouy EpyroBopoTV sanajHoB EBponu. Tsmx UbUO HXX HCTHHH06 OTeaeCTBO. Cx HanpaaceHHUHX BHHMaHieMX C-l-fe- xu&u obh sa nocTeueiinuMx pasBHTiexx Hjett, BupaatamiiHxca to bx EHHi'axx, 6pomiopaxx, naMrfueraxx, raseraxx, to bx aoTpacanmHxx coOuTiaxx pOBoauuiH, KOHcy.iw.TBa h, hbeobci^x, Huncpin. Mhoix hxx (JwpMHpoBajact, yE.iajHBa.iacL bx KaTeropia sanajHo-eBponeficEaro ie- .lOBlwa; 'ivbctbo npamjiuo BCKaTb Hjeaaoiix bx sanajnoB jkhshh. Ka- Koe BHaaeHie noraa Hsr&Tt j.ih hhxx Me.iaaa aapioHaxbHaa »E3Bb, XBua, aMcTBOBaBniia bx ysKoB cipopf. OTCiecTBCBHoS boehthek, bx cpaBHeaiH cx bthmh THTanaxa HipoBoro nporpecca, ropojiMii BcevipHUxx co6uiifi? Hxx xejaiiia, hxx sajymeBHHH noHnur-ieniM rpyuuKpoBawch noj.i’fc nonpo«OBx, bojhsthxx sthmh jiojbmh, cTpeuHEHCb yiacTBOBaxb bx hxx paapfemeHiH. Cbm npuHaj-iema-iH rfe .iHpa, KOTopun no.ihsorra- JHCb XHBHOB jpys60B HHnepaTOpa, BO 6bI.W BOKa jaJ6EH otx rocy- japcTBeHHbixx j i j x — HoBocHjbpeBx, CiporoHOBx, KoayOeft. 06i dth napriH BpamajiKCb bx bucuikxx cijiepaxx ofiniecTBa, cm4-to cmotpSeh snepejx, He saxiiaii, bto noj.Tt hhxx HesautTHo pa6oTacxx jpyraa napria, KOTopaa CBoeoCpa3HO chotphtx h- Ha Bpeua UeTpa b EKaie- puHH h aa 3auajRua TCopiH. CenaTopu, c-Tapue locy^apCTBCiinue jbjh h Mojio.iue .ib 6hmhh rocyjapa 6u.m oehhbkobo .ibah hjcu. I'a3HHna 8aKJBHaaacb toebeo bx tohx, bto oahh TeepxoB Horon ctohxh Ha poj- ahoH noBB’t, He xorfura otoBth otx BpeHena EKarepuHu, cBaamianmefi hxx cx peijKipnaMH Deipa, HpeoOpaaoBaHia Heipa, CBa3aHHxrxx cx CTapoft PoccieB; iioaojaa apHCTOKpaTia Ke.iaja BOB-ieit PocciB bx enponeflcKyB hchshb, sacTaBHTb ee y ce6a ao»a pasptaiaTx r t Bonpocu,
KOTopue bojhobsjh t o w uoacBfera. Oahh atsaaa ort rocysapa Ra- c-rfcjia QeTpa a EKaTepHHU, aaai ohh ce6i ero upcACTaBaasa. Jpyfie Ayaasa nosyqHTb ott, Hero to, so aero spyrie Haposu aohuh xhskhici Tpysoro. Ilapiia, soTopoii ohh noaa He BaataasH, ate.ia.ia coBepraeHHO apyroro. Jaa sea Bonpocr. peijtopin. 6u.it. ne TopxecTBOar. toB h.th apyrofi ajea, a BonpocoMi ea AHinaro snaaenia, BsacTB, BuroaH. OHa coqyBCTBeHHO oTHOcHsacb at peifapai IleTpa, noway ato, no ea no- HaTiH), ohi nepBufl noaoKHsi. aaqaao rociioacTBy aasne-iapia; Basisa nposojuneme stoto siaa u b i peifropaaxi EaaTepHHU, tobt. aasT OHa B03BMCHsa Kasne-iapia so MaHHCTepcnaro saaaenia. Ct, apyroBCTOpoHU, OHa ct, (SoibniHMi cotyBCTBiem. caoTpisa, bbbt. mysmaa iJipaHnysch-aa peBO-nonia paspiniHsacb rocnoacTBOm. HanoseoHa a Buici-i ct hbkt, CesoTBfiTCTBeHBUXT, HHHHCTopcTBT, ct. hxt. KaHHesapiaHH. (tea CXO*H- saci ci. o61hxh apacTOKpaTHiecKHiiH napTiaaa; ona conepuienno corsa- CHsaci. ct oshor), tto HCTHHHoe 6.iaronojyqie PocciH ecTb npososacaie BpeneHT. EnaTepHHU, h passisasa BMtcri ci spyroio noaiOHOHie aa- nasy. Ho TOrsa nasi ash oshoB sanaAi, a saa apyrot Heipi h Ena- TepHHa HMfciH OTBaetennoe anatenie, BupaataBmeeca bt, csoBaxi: Ha- poaHoe fljaro, o6mee 6aarocoeronnie, nesniie Poccia h t. a., aaa noc.TfcsHefi napiin to h apyroe noBmie nsiiao otohl oBpeaixeHHoe BHaqeHie, paairfepT. aoToparo He nepexoAHSi aaaune ea sanneaapiH. Cioaa npHHaaaeataaosee, no cocpesoTOwaocB in. noHTpasbnuxT, vnpa- B-ieuiaxT. nocai Toro, aaKi pet|>opxu EaaTepHHU yaaaH.iH Roa.ieriii h CTapoe cayanaoe cocaoBie bt. ofiaacTB. HunepaTopr, no oqepesa Bucsyinasi naaaym H3T. bthxt, napTiB; noTopaa H3T. hhxt, Bsaaa Bepxi? 8to oxbbhaho hsi Toro, no pe3y.iL- TaTOMT. BcfcxT. 3THXT. cobIitobt, 6uao vapexseHie mhhhctopctbt.. Ho, bo BcaKOMT, caynat, nyTb, EOTopum, coBepnmaacb OTa BaxHan pe$opaa, ea 3Haqenie saa aoaxHOCTH ceHaia a reHepaai-npoEypopa, TpertyUTT. BHHiiaTeabnaro nayieHia. 5 iDHa 1801 r. aanepaTop’B sail cenaTy ynaai o coiHHeaiH oco- !6aro sOKaasa o npasaxi a o6a3aBH0CTaxi ero, saa yTBepxsoHia axi caaoi) saEona Ha He3u6aeaoHi ocnoBanin. ysasi btoti 6u.it, enrna- aoai saa napTiH npexHHxi rocysapcTBennuxi aiosefl. Kaatjufi hbi hhxt. cieai csoei) o6a3aHHOCTbio cocTaBHTb Meayapi; hbi cyaau araxi veuyapoBi 6uaa naKOHeui cocTaBaeaa 3anacEa, oosaBHaa na Buco- qafiinee ycaOTpiHie. Baxaue aonpocn npescroaao paspiiuHTb ceHaTO- paMi. Jloqeay co BpeaeHH IleTpa I cenan He xom ycTaHOBarbca Ha He3bi6aeHuxi ocHoeaBiaxi h npomeai ipeai past Koae6aiii0, eohthb- maxca ero nasemeai. Hto Tasoe 6uai cenaTi ho mucjh IleTpa. Ka- kobh 6h.ih aaeueHTU, 3aK,iioqamiiiecn bi Hem. KaEia HcropHiecKia a nosHTHqecEia co6uxia Bjiiaxa aa ero npeo6pa30Bania—see no 6usa
— 281 — niuKHue BonpocB, TpeOoBaetuie BHHuaxeAbiiaro pa3CMOTptiHiH'). Uocjo- BaMt oAHoro hsb aioGhiiacbi ffanepaxopa, ohb HexepnftniBO se.aa.n. npHHMTbca 8ft nepesiasy cenaxa. Ha nepeufi past nopyxeao fiuao rpaijiy SaBSAoaoKoxy noAroTOBnib axo jluo, npeacraBHTL Kaprauy cc- H8Ta, cx rim, aiWSu Ha ea ocHOBaHiH OTBCBaTb •lyrniia cpejCTBa a-’h vuopH.ao'ieHia OToro yapoajenia. f paiJiT. 3aBa.yoncKi9 h net jHua, npii- SBaHHHa nan owe incfeHie, nocn-feraa-iH jociaBHTt cboh sanHCKH, h 5 AsrycTa xoro ate roAa, ceHaTcaifi ue*yapB 6 n n npeACTaiueHB Ha ycxorp’&Hie HimepaTopa. Kanx jojatnu 6hah OTHecxHCL kb 3tom_v bo- flpocy H-ieobi cenaTa h rocyaapCTBeHHbie adah npeatnaro BpeMeHH, Moatno Gbi.io y*e npeABHAt.Tr, cx. caxaro naqajra. Ohhctoh.ih Ha now* HCTopuMecKHxx HAefl. J^aa hhxb yqpeacxenie cenaTa cjvikhto bucihhmb BUpaatenieMi. rocyAapcTBennuxB iioHaTii BejHnaro npeofipaaoBSTeja Poccia; bthmx hacbmx Poccia ofinaana tiira, itux o«a cA^Jaaacb bb xexeHiH XVIII ct. ^aabutSmia aporpeccB 3aBHCt.iB, erirAOBarexbHO, o n BOSBpaiaeHia kb sthhb habhnb. Bb xeniB are ouh coctoh.ih no MHimin ccHaraV noiexy ohh He ocynjeCTBHAHCb bhojh£ npn npeexHH- Kaxx. HeTpa? UpewAe Bcero, su npocj'tAHMB o6mylo ccnaiCKyio samiCKy, tbkb mkb bb Hee lionuH Bci MHtHia BcfexB ceHaxopoBB, apoMt XepaaBHBa. HtsoTopue Bonpocu, noipobno pasnHTtie bb ota%abhuxb aanHCKaxB, JIM npOCAtAHKB HO HHHB. Bb ynasl 5-ro iDHa ceHaTB bhahtb BOaBpameHiekb HAeaMBIlexpa B. Ohb He MoaeTX. cspuTi, csoero yAOBOAbCTBia no noBOAy 9Toro otfexoa- TejbCTBa. „0 AOCTonaMBTHMS yKa3B 5 IohhI BocKAHiiaeiB ohb. HpesB CTojrfiTie AaeKcaHApB I cb UeTpoMX I BcrptqaeTCH eiiiHOMbicjieMB o npaBHTeabCTBt, Koropoe HMtxo 6 a npocTpaHHyi) B.iacTbh AOB-fepennocTi, csoero TocyAapa u iiMeaeux Ero .itHCTBonaao 6u Habc4 A't.ia HMnepiH\". CocpeAOTOxeHie bb mmb bc&xb BxacTefi bb caxouB oCmHpHOMx•pas- Mtpi—BOTB BpyrB 6yAyme9 peijropMU, npeAJaraeiioB. ceHaiOMB; am nOAspiiueHia cbohxb HHtnift ohb ofipamaeica kb HCTopin ceHaTa, kb pasAHiHHMB MOMeaTaMi ero pasBHTia, kb noertAOBaxe-iBHOMy naAeHiio, B03Bbinreniio h KOAefianiaicB. „Bso0AeMB otb HacTOame#t*hh roro nepBoii onoxH PoccittCKaro ceHaxa, bb KOTOpofi 6hjb ohb nOAHOMOienB, h bb x i uepiOAM, bb KOTopue naie h naxe cxsab feraacenB h HeBAacxenB*. Hcxopia neTpoBCKaro ceBaxa saHHiiaeiB ero AOBOJbHOaoato; cb 6an.mo® Toxnocxiio cxapaexca ohb onpeAt-THTB cro snaxeHie bb nepByp snoxy npeo6pasoBaHiS. HexbSH h« MstTHTb SAicb npeoCxaAaHia AomeAineri ') OrnocHTC.ii.HO omxi jv<5obhtbhxb paSofL, cm. crarti. r. EorjaaoBBTa be BioTiiHK'ti EspoBM, t. I, 1866r. h HCMyapu pacnuri, ceaaiopoBE u caMaro coiiaia be pamiuxi TfleTBXE o6n. bct. h xp. pocc.“.
— 282 — yae ax Ham TeopiH pa3A*JieHia wacTeft. Ho BCCTaicH bx saoHcak 9to8 mhom Hanionaji.naro noAHTHaecaaro Taary. HasHaaeme ceaaia, no irniHiD cowaBBTejefi 3anncKB, coctohix bx Ha6js>AeHiH 3a ejHHO- ofipasaum HcnoAHenieiix SaaoHa a otfmnm HanpaBJenioai BceK u « h- HHcrpaiuH, bheo cpeicnoaie v e i n rocyjapcTeeHBUXt xkix“. CeHaTx iicaHcaaeri Bet anpHCyrbi, jamrae Deipom ceaaiy cx stoid nluia>; onHCUBaeraero opraHusaiun, paoencTuotoaocobx, HeotfxOAMOCTbeiHHo- l jacnaro pinicnia, Bjianie ero Ha ciysuoe cocjosie, Habcb rocyxap- CTBenHyio cayasfiy. „^o caiioB kohthhu cero ficacMeprnaro rocyjapa, ceHan. npeftiax bxhoahohohui, yCTanOBAemoMT. cbohmx yapeAHieaeMt, iipioCpt'raa unnunys) xoBipeHHOCTb ero, a no okofi iioiHTacMX BceHa- Poahhmx yBaBCHiem”. 3aTint ohx Hsxaraerx samcau BepxOBHaro TaBaaro CoBfrra h KafianeTa, ocraHaMHBaeTCa Ha 3HaaeHiH cenara bt. aapcTBOBaaie KjH3aueTU IleipoBHU, npoxoAH’rx hohth Mojaamemnap- CTBoaanie EaaTepHBbi u npano nepexoAHTx aa. VHHseHis) ceHaia. IIpB- »aBaThHuotcHvrKUobasnHieJpraBoearsoeooTcchyBxxAoaAdbptHehoaSar,rhoptnax<orjAp>bAxaxMs3AaaBaBiiaBaaiAaiHH0aaBxiaaCcaKa3ihBAxc0baxtHo.ccacooHBBfioiHtieTpBaaerMaosaXaru.noxCcaiycxaAaoatcc.pBocoK&ieBaxhBeohapAoauOkac)erTcoHchauaoaxobe-soa-) AOBiaa Aunen abBobiio m sasoHy a at aiiaaeHis) Toro yapeatACHia, a„XoTootphoeorOaB'ScacaxpoaBBeKAJoHaaBaORUchhHtebrapxa r.Ii,aBbHo'bHsiciiiHMBap*eHxpeHaHu UBTAeaxeemmaiosfaiHsBoabaia. anna, noxbsyacx AOBipeBHOCTiio rocyAapcaoio, CTpexHjiicb at Tony, bhxto6yhHHhatmeHx,iHaccHHeaxTatc, Taaanaxx BbAta,cTnBoocnAaiTxtH,iheoroBAHUao(riA.-ae.tobjxhbnoaphcoTByOcBnai.HiHie MHiOrmaeHpOaMTyopiaiaIylaBb.tia, TIa).niBaeB3pxenBeHanap, aaaoerBAiaaohhxosHcemxbhyau4oaAxo6yBTcbefiearonpHexe-- actAaTeabciByiomHMH rocyAapefi h OTHOmeHia ero ax hhmx huh He apesx chmhxx haohobx, apesx TpeTbH pyaH. Bx Taaoxx uojoseniH HSAaHO noBeataie pkniHix bx hbxx xtia no fJo.itniHHCTBy toaocobx, bx onpoBepaeHie aopeHaaro npasa, hto roiocx h OAHoro cewropa ch- Aenx Cu.ix ocTaHOBHTb A’kJO- Tjtx ceHaTx bx nepBbifi pa3x oxx yape- *Aeaia CBoero HOABeprayTX bx cbohxx ptmeHiaxx annejaaiH, nodo6no ct/d m w h M ttm aM t, h xaxe onvfi.maoBaHx HasHaaeHHHfi ax ohoB ro- AOBoB cpoKX. CxtACTBieux Toro 6u.io, mto reHepaxx-pcKeTxeficrepx, yapesACHHuB otx rocyxapa UeTpa I xxa upHHaria bx ceHaTx npo- inemfl ua aoueriH, Haaaax apHBHuaTbapocbdu HaceHaTx h B03Bunienx, Taax caasaTb, bx cyxis) A'li.iaax Toro npaBHreibCTBa, aoTopoiiy 6 u n noA'iiiHBHx. IIo BbiCopy h npoH3B0.iy upepuBa.iacb oaepeAb reaeHia noAt.ix, a ceHaTx, o6xhthB chai.hhhx BAiaHiexx Ha Aliaa ero, Bfe- CeCKOAbKy pasx aepenepniHBa.ix cboh ptmenia. oCpaax nopafomen-
— 283 — Haro ceHaTa, bb KOTopovB voxnaTb 6uxo TaatKO, roaopoTt 6h.io (Stj- CTB6HH0l“ Ecjh rpaijit. 3aitaxoncKifi BHA'fcxB npniHiuj naxeaiji coHaxa bb npoHCKaXB paajHiuuxB BpexeHU(HKOBB, Apyrofi cenaTopB, 3HajfOHHTHft .lepataRHHB, HCKa.nnpHiHHB ororo bb TenHorB haauyxaHHOCTHBxacTeft, cocpe^OToqeHHBixi bb ceuart, pa3rpaHHHHTb KOTopua ho ycnfcxBDeipi lie.iHKifi. „Ho aacTUMB ero oTxynsaMB h paaHHUBBe.iHKHMB aaHaTiavB, HO HirfiJB ohb Bpeaera (khkb flVMaTB aoxjeiio) ynpejiHiB ero npaBa ua COBOKyilllOMB H HPJBHKHMOMB OCHOBaHiH: a no TOrjanlHHHB npoCTHHB Hpaisaux, fiyjynH co hcBhh bb cboSoahomb h xhibomb ofipanieniH, He HMijB, 6htb mojkctb, h Hy*ju pasa-fcjHTb cin BxacTH Heathy 006010“. Bb 9toB reopia iuacTefi, Hapa3A'&xeHHUXB HeTpoMB, BHxenB yse yne- hhbb EsaTepaHencKaro BpeHeaa h XVIII Biita. Ho ero Mntnixi B-iacia, KOTopua cjfeiyeTB CTpoio paarpaHH'iHTB bb xaacjoMB npaBjenin, cyTB aaKOHOAaTejtBaa, cyAe6naa, HcnoxiiHTexbHaa a ofieperaTexbHaa. Mu bh- jtjia B bim e, i t o TaKoe C u .m ruacTb oOeperaTe.iMiaa bb pycCKoS ajMH- nacTpaniH. HenoHamo toxeeo, nonesiy ^epacaBHHB bhaJahab hsb Hea BjacTt cyaefiHyio, KOTopax cocTaBxaxa ojho hsb cpejeTBB apesHaro oxpanHTejibHaro cenara axji noBceMicraaro BojBOpeHia npaBOCyjia. IIo untnifo ^epataBHHa, IleipB OTieT-niBO BHAtxHXB toxlko ojiny BxacTb ofieperaTejBHyio, cocpeAOTOieHHyx), kbeb ohb npexnoxaraxB, bb jhh4 reaepaxB-iipoEypopa. HacKOXbKOsxo MHiHiecnpasejjHBO, Moatno bha^tl B3B .npeABHjymaro aaxoateHia acropia aroS babcth. Ho #ep*aBHHB npaHHuaeTB CBOe noxo*eaie sa A*8cTBHTexbaufi iJiaETBa A'fcxaeTB hsb Hero Mooro buboaobb. BxacTb ofleperaTexbHaa, BUAixeHBaa hsb bc6xb ApyraxB, 6ucTpo nor.iaTBxa hxb. „Cia BaacTb, no npaBy HaiajbCTea CBOero hsab aannexapie# cenaTa, no Koaqaat ero, bo Bpeva napcTBO- saHia BMnepaipHnu '), axis cbo6oahu8 h eAHHCTBeHHHS AOCTynB kb apecToxy, Batcraja bb cefit Apyria earn a BxacTH... Ho ebeb aeBOs- voarao, hto6b bb oahobb nexoB^rt ofieperaTexbBaa BxacTb 6uxa TaKise nxaoTbK) cyAefiaoei, HcnoxHBTexbHoio h 8aE0H0AaTexbH0H), to eCTeCTBeHHo, hto 3aK0H0AaTexbnaa BxacTb HHorAa He HpexyCMOTpixa, cyxeSnaa no- l'ptmBja, HcuoxHHTexbBaa a bb npaBOHB A&rt ynycTHxa, o6epeniTe.ii,- Haa ate, aoca set oaua bxbcth bb cefii, cava Ha ce6a aohochtb He CTaxa. A npHCOBoxynaBB kb tovj, hto vaoria vticra HenoAiHneHU 6y- Aym ceHaiy, a^>8ctbob&xh He bb ofimeMB Kpyrli aIihb, a nacTin no OAHOMy npeAveTy pasHoofipasHO, omero net Boofimeohhh rocyAapciBeH- ■) Ecjb ,Jepaia»aai npeinoiaraeri, no wacn reaepaji-upOKypopoBi yeexa- aacs oocai ciicptB Deipa I, 10 aro camoe crpaaaoe aesnaaie Hcropia; aeyaeaa
— 284 — iiijfl ace babcth « ko npyasHnij no.iHTHiccKaro Tf,.ia, coboky'bho i t ojaoft Hi.TH AifiCTBOBaTB, xpyrx Apyra noSyatAan, n noxKptn.iaTb nepecra-iit, Ayxx paBHojyniia OBxaxtxx HxeHaMK ceaaTa; BepxoBHoe npaBHTejtcTBO nt-iofl hmiopia oxxaxtAO bx cBoefl peBHOCTH h, HSHeirprnm Bi-xia- T6ABH0CTH CB068, UOTOpjMOCBOBoa*BOCTb“. F.CAb6h ,S,epataBHHXHSC.lt- AOBajT., iiaaoe Bjiimie HaPocciio HirfuaBraTeopia paaxtxeBia BxacTeS, ohx 6u He BHxixx upHium, ynaxaa ceHaTa bx tomx, hto sth babcth He 6hah pasrpaHHaeHU. ^xn nacx iiaJBHO toabko to, hto, bx iconnt KOHUOBX, OUT, npiIXOXHTT, I t HeOfixOABMOCTH COCpCAOTOHHTb BC* BJBCTH ho npeacHevy bx cenarf,. Ere npoeKTX no coBpeKemnjsrt H3BtcTiaMx, cootjnjaeHHMB r. fiorxaHOBHHeifx, Besonrexx bx cocTanx cenaTCKofl- sa- qhckh, upexcraaieonoft rocyxapc. ^McrBHTejtno, buboxhstob sauHCKu BecbMa Maao roBopaix o pasrpamNefliH Bjaweft. IIpoeETX ceHata neci.-na KaTeropBHecxB l'OBOpHTX o BOSBpanienia kx ceHa'ry Bpeiienx IleTpa I h EjH3aneTn. .Cesan, no ocnoiianic cBoeMy ecTB nepBoe rocyxapcTBeBHoe npaBHTexbCTBO, CHafacennoe uti rocyxapa h saKOHOxaTeaa cuod i gcen HCBo.iHBTe.ibHoio BAacriio, noxoxy ynpau- aaeTt BctBB rpasxaHCEBaB utcTasiH bx BxnepiH h BHcmeS Haxx co6o& BaacTH ne HHterb, Rpomt bahhoh canoxepacaBHaro Tocyxapa, soero exHHoe ace -nmo ut ncifx irpexctxaTe.ibCTByeTb. .HojiacHOCTB h o6*3aH- aocTb ero bo npicart noxx&HHHHecKOfi, upexoxpaaaTi, npaBa a npe- HuymecTaa csoero caMOxepacaBna, coliiDxaTb saEOiuj, nemncbBceiitpHO o HCHOAHeHiH boah H noBe.rtnia rocyxapa, bcbeoB BooOine no-ibst aa- posHOfl h o TeneniH 3aEOHHaro npaBOcyxia noBceirtCTHo; bsx chxx npaBX BSABBaeTca npenaymecTBO, htoCh noBeataia ero HcnoxHaeiiu 6ujh, icanx uueHHue rocyxapa y*a3H. „Ho CHirb upaisaMTi npHHaxACXHTX cay xoxaTaftcTBOy apecmm no BcaEBMi, HapoxHHirb Hy®xasn h, bx CAynat noTpeOx rocyxapcTBeHHiixx, AOKAaxHBaa HanepaiopcEOHy BejHHeCTBy, npadaBAHTb no CTaibam xo- xoxobx Heo6xojHiiyD npaftaBEy naaiu hah noxaiet, Hero He non 6u hh ocHOBaxeabHO, hb ypaBHBTe.ii.HO pacnojoacnTb, ecja He fiyxen, HutTb y cefia nojrauxx CBixtaiS o Bctxt nacTaxi rocyxapcTBennoH oeohomib, Oth chxx nopx cjtxyerb n to, hto cyxx h pacnpaBa eepxomwn olfpa- 30Mb npHHajxeacarb ceHaTy, no Bxoxanpmx bx ohh4 rpaxcxaHCKHMX b yroAOBBHirb xiaarb. H6o, ckoabeo HeBOsaoacHO oxHOMy Tocyxapi), no caobhmx DeTpa Be.tHEaro, yxoBAOTBOpaTb Bctux nepBUMb, ctoabko no BTOpmil Be CBOfiCTBCHHOCBJtn^eHHOMy CEHVMOHapxa CBOHMT. nOABBCOMb yTBepacxaTb ebshh; aaEoau oeyacxaDTX, saxoHU aaEasuBaiorB, ho xpa- rontHHtfiniee npano noMBAOBaTb h bpocthtb ocTaeica BeorpaBBHeHHO do nxacTH Tocyxapa*. TaKx oaepTB.n, canx cenaTX xpyrx CBoeS xtaieAbHOCTH, sanx buc- raaro EOBTpoxHpy»maro, oxpanaaira,aro h HaupaB.Tamiparo nanaxa. J,.ia
JOCTHHtenifl 9T0B BeJHKOft ulUH, OHb npOCHJTr BOSCTaHOBHTb npaBHja AijonpoHgBOACTBa h opraaaaaajio, ycTaHOBjeaayn DerpoMb. IleoSsoja- MOCTb exaHoi'.iacaaro ptmeaia ,ioa*na 6uTb noac.TaaoB.ieaa Bb nojnofi cart; AOCiynb ceaaia us Tocy^apc AO.iateHb 6uib iieuoaOpaiiHijft; npH AOtiai* ;rtJ*'b rocy»p», BcaKifi pasi upHCyicTEyDTb uo Kpafiaefi Mtpi ABa ceRaTopa. Kaxjiufl cpaaTopa asrfcp.Tb apaso xouaauBaTb euy 06b ycMOTpiiiHOMa BaoynorpeSjicaiu h rocy.iapcTBenaoaT. Bpeai. Bet 8th coo6paseaia aocTynaiH aa coodpaaeaie KOMHTeTa, co6a- paamaroea noAb npeAetxaTe-iLCTBOMb caxoro Tocyiapa. Kara jo.jaeaa OHa 6biaa upHHaTb Mufeaie ceaaia? T. BorjaHOBaBbupeapacHO pHcyeTa Baaa coCTOJiHie yHOBa ab toB Bacra MOJOAeaca, KOTopaa ospysaaa nHaro HHnepaTopa (BicT. EBp. t. I, dp. 169). Mh «raao.inMa ce6t npejcTaBHTb a.itcb 9Ty Mtixyio xapaKiepacTaxy, Hsa BOTopoft xokbo BHjrtTb, uoioMy MHoroeHaanpejinoaoaeBHaro Ba aepuyn anoxy HapcTBO- Baaia HunepaTopa A.icKcanjpa I He yxaaoct BDOcrtjCTBia. „Moaoaae .i» ah,. ospyacaBUiie axaepaTopa A-ieacaHApa I, uoabayacb Ce3j,li0CTBieHx CTapmaxt, oKpvKaaa npecmib a cb caMonajf.HHaocTiB), cboBctbciihox) aeBirtaiio h aeonuTHOCTH, aopapaa bc4 yciaBU a saaoHu, cymecTBO- aaBarie Bb Poccia, CTHTaaa hxt. OTCraauMH ot* hbuihmh cboB stab. Ilo.iaraa, bto jocTaroaBO 6hao npapojHuxb caocofiaocTefi, coaHaaaeMUXb HJta Bb caHaxb ce6i, hto6u ert-iaTbca saKOHOxaiuiaMH, no-iKonojiiaMK, apocH'liTHTe.iaMM HH.MiOHDBbjkijipB, ohh BU3uua.iHCb liaBepxaTb saaonu 6o.iIie coaepmeaiiue, (forte fixaroxiiTejbHHe, no ojaaitoaib ae aimaxo HMb cb aenocTHaHMOio aeocHOBaTe.ibHocTiio iioxpuBaTb yBameaie so Bciab ycTauaMb, paaraaixubCTBya o CBodort a paBeacTBt, Bb caMOMb npeBpaTHOMb a ypojjauoxb CHticrf...\" ^pyraaa cjoBami, ecxa crapue rocyjapcTBeHHbip. jioah uoaajH ofifemaHie HMuepaTopa HapcTBonatb no xyxy a cepxny b« xhkoS ERaTepaau, aanb Hartpeaie yapauaTb cTpaaou Ha ocaoBaaia a^et XByxb Bexmcaxi cBOHXi upejuieCTueHHHKOB'ba npa cojlificTBia jyamBXb ca.ib Haaia, MOxoAeatb bto uoHHAa Tannin. o6pa- 30Mb, mto HMnepaTopb co6npaeTca npaaecTa saaajauMb axe»Mb jaab pine ofiiui.nifiniyo, at.mi, EnaTepaBa. HcTepaaecaia Haaaja aaa HHXb Hirtia Ma.TO 3Haaeaia; Taxi OTaeomcb ohh a ab npoevry ceaaToponb. J,oa.iaAb 6uab nopyqeab HSBtcTHOMy Hoiioca.ji.neBy. OHb pa3CM0Tpl.j-b Bet apoeKTLi, aasb acero ceaaTa Bb coBOKynHOCTH, raab a OTA'itatBHXb ceaaTOpOBb a cocTasaab H3b naxb oaho irt-ioe, bto6u Bee Birtcrt nox- BCpruyTb KpHTHttt. -OcBOBOH) npHHHHBOHb, BOIIBilHeHHUXb r. H0B0CH.1I.- ACBUMb, cayajaaa mhcji., bto ceaaTb ae Mosei-b 6uti. pa3CMaTpaBaesib BBKb saaOHOAaTeabHHS aopnycb, bto Bb Haaa.it ero ocHOBaaia, /aate JleTpb He Aoatpaxb eay CBOefi b-ibcth aaaBe, xaab tojihko Aaa noxr.30- saaia noAb ciioam. npeArtASTeAbCTBOMb, T.-e. noAb CBOHMb ynpaaje- nieab, b6o npesHAeaTi, aMtniuiB B.iacTi, Bb CBORXb pyaaxb, ae mo-
steTB HiriTi cbcbohxh nojiHHeHHHMH APyrKXB OTHomeHifi, KaxB otho- meHia xoMHaa eb ynpaB^momeny. lIojo6Haa ate opranjmuia He uobbo- Jiaera AyiiaTb o BpyqeHiH c io n Baataoi B.iacTH coCpaaio, lOTopoe ;» e no CBOeny coCTaBy ae MoaeTB sacaysHBaTb jjoBipia Hanja, h KOTopoe, SyAyaH HanoJHeao jn jb hh, HaaaaqeHHUaH BAacTitt, iiejonycMert a mijc.ih o&i. yqaoTiH rto.ir,ninHCTBa ofinjecTea bb Hajaaia x i s i saaOHOBB, KOTOpue BUXOjaTB R8B pj’KB 8T0I0 CofipaHl'a. Cb xpyrofi CTOpOBU, ecjn HunepaTopB saen ceHaTy aiiaqHreJbiiua npana, to Epoxii BHiuecKa- 3aHHUXB HCyioScTBB, OHB M0K6TB CBH3aTb Ce6t pyEH, TBKB no He 6)’A8tb bb coctohhih Buno.THHTB Bcero TOTO, HTO OHB npejno.iaracTB Ha noABsy naniH, h6o bctpSthtb bb HeBtaecTBt bthxb jrDAe# npe- naTCTBia, KOTOpua iioryTB noiuen. 3a co6o» onacaua nocrfACTBia bb cayqai 6opb6n, Bcerja apeAHofl xeawv BepxoBnon Bjaciiio h en Ha- 3HaaeHHUHH cayKfiaMH. B rt bth cootipasonia npHBe.ia r. HouociuMieBa kb TOMy 3aKJi)qeHin, hto cxf.AyeTB orpaHHiHTbca bb OTHomeHiH ceaaTa cyjeOiioio Bjacriv, ho TaKB, hto6u ohb no.ii.30Ba.jca eo caxuMB m»pp- KHMB 06pa30HB, CB H0.TH0I0 HCSaBHCHHOCTil) OTB ODCEH JipoKVpOpOBB II roHopajB-npoKypopoBB“. Ha TaKHXB HaiaiaxB 6tua ocBOBaaa kphthkh HOBbixB .iiojeit; cenaTB He motb 6htb saKOuojaTeJbHUHB KopnycoMB, jiotomv n o ohhHeMoran ocTaHOBHTbca Ha onpeA$aeHHOMB yqpejKseHiH, BC.rtACTBiH hib Kpa#He c6hbthuuxb h HeonpeA'k-ieHHHXB HaseniB. Ha irfccTi ciaparo ceHaia hmb bhah4xocb HapoAHoe npeACTasHTeabcTBO. UlHpoBaa ncBo.jHHTCJii.Haa BjacTt, npeAOCTaBjeHHaa BTOMy ,co6paniBj 6oapB“, Mom BocnpenaTCTBOBan. hxb djhpokhmb couiaabHaiiB rua- HaMB, A-ia KOTOpBXB HGOfaOAHMO(Su.IOCOCpeAOTOieHie aAMHHHCTpaTHB- HOfi BAaCTH BB HeXHOTHXB pyKaXB. HO3a TO ceHaTB, Ua.lt-ieHHUft BH- cokoS cyiefiHott aiacTin jtbCTHAB hxb leopisKB; anraiBcuift, anepH- KaHCKiS, wapuS $paHHV3CKiS cyAB upeACTaBJHJH hub roTOBHe ofipa3HH. Komhtgtb TBepAOpimHAca npeAoexaBHTb ceHaTy oahj cyieCHyc BxacTb. Me«Ay bcI xh uienaMH KOMHTeTa(Shjb rninb oahhb qeaOBiKB, cosHaB- miii Bee 3BaieHie ceHaia ajw PocciH. 9to 6hab caMB rocyAapb. Ha act AOBOAH CBOHXB COBilTBHBOBBOHB OTBtia.lB, 1 T0 HCTHHBblfi Xap8H- TepB BjiacTH ceHaia coctoh-ib bbtokb, hto ohb motb autTb cB'fij'liHia o BceHB npoHcxoAameMB h ca^ahtb 3a aAHHHHCTpanie», bto(5u rarfeTb na Hee BiiaHieCBepxy. Ohb bha^tb, catAOBaTeAbHO, tto ceHaTB, *ypno h.ih xopomo, ocymeCTBaajB sajaiy, iieo6xoAH«y» bo bcheohb fiaaro- ycTpoeHHOMB npaBHTeabCTBt, saAaiy yTpesAeHia, ta’6 sbkohb hbxoahab saiUHTy, npoHSBOABnperpaAy, rat npenaTCTBOBajHHpeBpamenijo oTjtab- HbTXB B'JjAOKCTBBBBCaMOCTOJITG.ILHHH HOTTH VOCyAapCTBa, TA^TOCyiap- CTBeiiHbia npejaHia crpaHu HaxojHJH oxpaiiHTe.ieft k ucTiuiKonaTe.iefl, C.IOBOMB HT0 OHB SblAB OXpailHTeJMllJM'I. y'ipeJK,’(eHieMB BB -ITTmeHB h ninpoKoaiB cMiicjrii aroro caoBa. Ho cob^thhkh Cjj.jh HeyciynTHBh;
— 287 — canoe ciobo— oxpauHTejiHaa aracTt, He usii.ia a-ih hhxt, onpeAiAeH- aaro SHaaeHiH. Ha Bet aasitaania HMuepaTOpa ohh OTBi'ia.jH chhumh hobhkh leopiHMH. OxpaHHTejibHaa wacTb Bb pyKaxb conaxa, tobophah ohh, fiyjerb npaapaHHa, ado hcthhhoo oxpaneaie 3aKAniaeTc* Bb opra- HHBaaiH HOJHTHHCCKarO CTpOH H Bb OCiqeCTBeHHOHb HHiniH. Uojhth- qecitiS CTpofi h opranH3ania odmeciBeHHaro Mut.Hia Bb CTpant., rat o6pasoBaHHi0Diie era npejmBHTeAH He BHaepatHBa-iH ja »e Tasoro CEpoMHaro KOHTpojH, xaEOBb du.ib KOHTpo.ib cesaTa! Kaab du to hh 6hao, ho 8 cearadpa 1802 r., npeACTaBAeme ce- naxa duAO yTBopatjeHo Bb i\\MBHtitinnxb cbohxi qacTaxb. u boiu.io Bb coctbbi yKaaa, jaHHaro cemry o ero apaBaxb a odasaHHOCTaxb '). Ha ocioBaniB BToro yKa3a cesarb 6m i npH3naHb „BepxoBBHMb ntcToin> mniepiH”: eiiy nojqHHenu Bet npHcvTCTBeiiHua H im ; oHb, saab xpa- hhtcab 3axoHOBb, ireieicH o noBceHicTHOMb cofixtoxeHiH npaBocysia. HOHHbirajonxaoenHeibemneafioxiocApaeTAbCTsBaaxcCboKpobwob6nxeor^qaeineifinhaappaocxAoHAUasXmb liiTaTnuMH, nyasAb, co- d.uojenin ofin;aro ciiOKOficiBia h thhihhu h npeKpamemn Bcjntirxb npo- THBOSaKOHHUXb A'McTBlfi BOBOtXb nOABHUeHHHXb 6My MtCT8Xb HT. A-“ CaoBOHb, HaaestAH ceHaTopoBb, no BHABMOMy, aoashh 6h.ih ocymecT- BHTCbcba;OhAoHOHftedToapKobHN6h, aoKSnKab cmaMuOyH*beAsia-rott.niAB, Anna, nanoanaBnria cTopOdBoCnKOnpSH8CHVOTXCHTBBebnH(uflaOpHMaijmbHOhHbKaHHOiiAep.iaa3pAint.,iebilhiHa'^B'CkeSnpaoAAMOHAHatHeHCTiepannieH- Ha OTAiihHbia B'tAOMCTBa; cb Apyrofi, 9Ta ate napTia comaacb cb ho- •10AUMB COBtTHHKaMH 1'OCyAapfl Bb OAHOMb HyHKTt, BH6HH0 Bb HeOrpa- BHqeHHOMb HOAHOMOHiH .TOUb, CTOSHAHXb BO TAaBt BTHXb BtAOMCTBb. J.ia OAHHXb noAodHaa Mipa du.ia hoahumi TopaecTBOMb xaoueAap- cxaro nop&AEfl, AJia ApyrHXb—lOAodHoe no.THOMoqie npcACTEBAaxo nep- caeKTHBy oeymecTBAeHia Haoriixb peiJ)op«b, deab onacHocra BcipiTHTL conpoTHBjeHie OTb „BTHXb neBiacecTBeHHbiXb .noAefi1', 3actAHBHiHxb bqabTecI.neibyHHMaOrato.aTKMiatxBHeHdiunxpaeaAcfolcifTi HnorapyaTAaOoKrbahn t.ib, Bb A»a npiesia dHAb okoh- opraHHSosaHb hobuS. 3th aKTU duAH nepBOHaqa-ibHoe yipe»Aeirie HHHHCTepcTBb 1802 h OKOHTOTejbHoe HXb odpa30BaHie Bb 1810 r. Bb OAHHb AeHb Cb B3AameHb yKasa, noscTauaBAiiBaiomaro npaBa ce- Haia, 8 ceniadpa 1802 HrO.,THhBOsaMhbheot. dBTuOaMoynyeqppBeaoEeAyeiHpienaBuuemHBieAahehThChH- CTepcTBb2); r.iaBirfi0mnMb seaanie c-itAOBaTi. „Be.™osiy Ayxv npeodpaaoBaTe.ia Poccia U eipa I-ro“, ■)n. C. 3. X 20405.
h -TyimHMt ax aMMy cpejcTBOMt ciHTaeTCii „pa3A$ABTb rocyjapcTBeH- nua aa pasHua aacTii, coo6pa3no ecTecTBeHHoahxx crash uem,\\J eofion h JJH C.iaroycu'feinHiflfflaro Teieuia nopy'imx onus HsfipaHHHXX Haxa mhhhctpobxu. Hto TaKoe (5a.ni iionue mhhhctph? Mu bhaIiah, ito bx napcTBOBa- aie HMaepaTOpa JlaBaa I bx cpeAi neBTpa.ibHuxx yapeatAenifl upawa- kjtch bhobb KO.werin. __IIoaBAeiiie KoaaeriS sthxx yAOBAeTBopiuo,no- TpefiHOciM paaAiaHTh iacTn yripaiucnia no pa3JHHHbwx BiAOMCTBanx, KOTopua ao Tixx nopx nopyaaxact Tony hah ApyroHy anny, 6esx oco- fieHHUXI B8 TOOCHOBaHiS, COeAHHAAMCB, paSAi-MAHCb, fie3'h RCHKHXX npasiux; Apyrasni cxobamh, BBeAeHie KOJjeriff yAOBACTBopwo uorpef)- hocth uiiKOTopoS opraHHsaniH oKptnmaro yme uaHHCTepcaaro Haia.w. CnepancBia ronopHTt. hto OTnomeHiahobhxxico-ueriB bx rySepHCBHMX He 6hah onpejiaena, h otx xoro nponcxoAHaa CHAbuaa sanyTaaBOCTt bx cnomeniaxx axwRHHCTpaTh rhuxx m*ctb. I toOu otabhhtb hxx otr paBnux'B hmx Bi npHanaoi ry6epHCKHXXyipeacAeBifi, HAH. KftKX iobo- Phtx Cnepancsifl, fjo t hub HtKOTopu® ota'S-irhuh odpasi Curia, a BMfccri n npeHMymecTBO npeAx ryCepHCKHMH najaTasni, upaauaBO sa C.iaro cBepxx npesHAenTOBX yeTanoBHTb bx hhxx raaBHHXX ahpokto- poBX, cx npaBOHX nenocpeACTBeHaaro Aouxafta rocyAapn. Bca A'ha- TeAtBOCTb Koxaerit, npoAOJiacaeTX obx, Cuxa oenoBaua Ha jiificTBiH h AHHHOMX AOBtpill STHXXAHpeBTOpOBI. TAaBlitmia OCHOBaHia6ujh, ca4- AOBaTR.Ti.no, roioBU. flaa saKpioABHia cAiaaHHaro uyatno Chao tojbko npoBecTH AaAiine npuummx pasAtaenia b4aomctbx u nocTaBHTi. bo T iw r i hxx rAaBHo-ynpaBAaioiUHXx, cooCntHBx hmx totx xapaitTepx, Banofi HH’t.iH caiiua bxx B$AO»cTBa. KasAH# mhhhctpx CTanoBHAca bo T m B i ocofiaro, canocroaTeARaaro BijoacTBa e bx oABBaaoBott cTenera CX CBOHHH TOBapHmaMH IlOAHHHaJCA BHCmeMy BaAX HBMX UpaBHTOAb- CTBy. 9to noBexo sa co(5od Tpeii® b&khuS pesyanaTX—npwmunx pa- BeHCTBa Rcixx neiiTpa.Ti.nHxx yqpeaneBifl, KOTopua opa Aa-ibBtameax pasBHTia, BOBAeBX sa co6ok> coBepaienaoe o6noBjeHie HHHHCTepcTBx, ae csasaHBUxx yae hbrabhux bucbihmx yapeatAenjeax. OcHOsaHieux pa3A4ieHiab6aohctbxbx yapeaAeHiH 1802 r., nociy- JKBJo AiJOHie, ycTanoBAenHoe llerposix apa yapeatAeuia goA.terift. HMeaao, bo raasi ipexx rocyAapcTBeHHUxx KOAAerifi, cx AaBBaxxnopx no.TyaaBiuHxx caMOCTORTejbHOCTb, ctbahmuhhctph: bocbbu®, nopcEHXx chax a HHOCTpaaHHxx A'Sax; SAicb npeBpameHie »to He cjtjiajo hh- aero hobbto, tbbx Kasx sth KO-ueria a»bho no-iyaHAH npaso aeno- cpeACTBeHHaro ,TOK.ia,Ta. KoAAeria, cocpejoToaenHua bx naseaHoS naxaTt, Kposri niiaicx - KonTopu, T.-e. act npeAMexu rocyAap- CTBeHHaro xosnftcTna, pasBHAacb bx mhhhctgpctro BHyTpeHHHXx AiJX. Hsx AOJffinocTH rocyAapCTBeHHaro nasHaaea oGpasOBajtacb aoasboctx
— 289 — HHiiHcrpa cjmnancoBi. KoMxepuL- a aaHyitaKTypi aoiieria nojuimi- -iHcb uauacTpy nosraopuin. Hanouen'i., pasrpaiiHieniii b Iiaomctbl no- Be.io kl By.vf.jeiiisi aojimocth reHepaxb-npoKypopa, cl HCK.i»raT&jbHO cyjefjHUML ea xapaitTepoiri. Bl npeacuee Bpeaa, aor^a ohl 6h jl r.mDHUHi. npeACTaBBieaeML mrancTepcKaro aaaa.ia bl CTOaaut, koto nojL ero ynpaBjeHienb coeAHHB.incr, pa3AH<iHHa aiAOMCTBa, o m aacKH- posajT. 3to HOBOe uaaa.10 n noxiepatnna-n. i{iaKTUBHOe3iianenie cenaia. TerxepL BiiOMCTBa 6imh pa3AiJK)HH, a KaatjuS AOxatenL 6l ijl 6paTb to, ito euy npuHwexuiri. Hto ate npnnaAJesiuo eay, npeAciami- Tc-iio ceHaTa, npeBpaninmaroca b l cyaeCHoe m$cto, sam. He cyjeSaoe b$aohctbo? ,^f,0CTBHTe.iiLHO yqpeatAeme yate upajto HaauBaeTL ero mh- Hiicrposn. fOCTHpin. Mhhhctph He bxoahah opranaaecitH a t coctobl yupaB-iacMuxi, hmh KOJuerifl, ohh ctohah k8kl 6h nnt hxl; cawoe ko.j- jeatCKOe yCTpOHCTBO OCTaXOCb HeupHKOCHOBelIHUML, THKL bto hco6xo- AHMOe ycaoBie MHUHciepcKaro ynpaB-ieHia, eAnno.iHMHijfi cocTam,, He 6n jl eme AOiiymeHL bl Hosoe yapcaAenie. Booftipe nepnoe yapeawe- Hie MKHHCTepcTBi uochtl Ha ce6f. XlipaKTCp't nocntuiHofi pafiOTU, to- pon.iHBaro ate.iaHia aoct8bhtl cbohml hacaml TopatecTBo b l npHiiumif., xoth b l camoft neconepmoimoft ijKipaf,, c l rtsib iTofibi bnocri)actbui MsTc-cxAnpbrccpiaTaHp.atiKlieknijiHiaanoMtrtThHocBAcfnrHbibcxMHHoA’OaLAqBh3cupCjSaeaiyiaaBiiaTTTLfCeaaAnptyxbplpTTioMoia'uHeLpjiLChnppr,LeeB,oaceocuuATHaoaeAoanHyTOKBtnnhiuAtiOLiKfeeoOHatoMiOBeH.c'xeoHirHaLATaHTLacifTAaBie'eioi,HfaXaaOe»OcrOBTaHLheTMiaiMoeaBnTyn,nHHiHpi.LHaiiLn#b,aeHiu-aonHcomoT.„eHneaxumonIninoLMHeTicehahpocpnbpy6amhjThhooyae3uiBomahhnaioa.Co.eBoHyichhmatraKkTTe.Ot,cpbtlmao0eOaprtBitb-XpenoeBphAKy.aBihLurbleeainuiai)CeLlnH.,pBb,iuuciTb,ajHaboCerLBitTHMnm-pc6AnntyhjTbxaJHooili'cnc^Oo>xaecpTAiiinnljuBpiarcibrOo.B,iohCBbfciTinhHii.B)coIKHoJ,ioyaucheHmeOxrAccalenXnonlKjheia3oibITLoonnOApiaH.OoaiaqTK»OoAOph6iCnO.aaBLjHauH,hwL.cpreyHuc.AeoxuiiqHHocacoenloOeexoiopAo.MH.enenBifyLcfo-iJiiiaSptaBeaKcapapeHHfeaiteaThHniMietsHtniaaHxLJHiixnTnteianOCMe6lciHnLToxuXfnrHnpoHcajiei6pL-.yasaTu,pbihepasnHaiiiAcMitcaa.HopOB,oonnsColbahCTOc.opiipihoKuCvalusoOenn6kBxtTaeiepjoeBioo--lLl--i----- TTMihTjJ-pOoifoaooiMc.anpiAttbiMLHnhenaMApo.raTy,aLe.cbH,nstnHteoKnhpHcoOaTTcjLoTLaoTi3oa-AiTptneeHuapTnaHoaLyKniHpHyayfsqTiptncprIos.oe™iipaaaitTaltAH.pfCKHjiJacHBoc'aiinbancsTMT.oeb.pLiBoeccHsaaeiiauiiMncpoja,yTaaTi»nfoL.aihnoocrennncfloetteTTmhOHbho.MOixbbrCyc^oTtcanBhryolo6AnAcpoaaenaApnnpHcuaaniOaBiBeaTCpaeHTeu,niSHHaALCa>Mr-“ioiaLtTAviskpchOoanvhsbhmta-n---- BMiiCT-fc cl nocTenennHML ocJiafi.ienieHL oomAUHniomeii n-iacm cc-
— 2ao — HETa, coBepmH.iocb no-iHoe nojEHaenie KO.«erift h BiflOMCTBX, bxojhb- IHHXX BX C0CT8BX MHHHCTepCTBX. F.CJH BX OTBOlUUHiH CCHaTa MEBHU sa^ana mhhhctcpctbx 3an.nona.aaCb bx CBexesiH ero BOHTpoja h ero BJiacTH Ha ojhv (jK)pna.n,HTio lisTextHOCTB, bx OTHomeaiH ex eo.wo- risux 3ajaia hxx 3aKjnona.raci, bx npeBpaujeniH hxx bx jenapTaBenTu MHHBcrepcTBX cx eiHHOJBiHOfi opraHH3anieS. ,'(Ba aKTa jOBepnm.iH aiuro, nawroe 1802 r. O6pa3onaaie rocyjap- CTBeHHaro coBiTa, Kyaa uepeiaiH Bci 3aicoHoaaTe.ixH^ieBocnpoca n Baat- Htflmin aa«HKHCipaTBBBHa Mips h HOBoe o6pasoBanie MHHBcrepcTBX’). He suae«x, bx EaEoS wipi cnpaBe.WHBO MHtnie CnepaHCEaro, no ochobbos) mhcjho BHHacTepcTBx 1810 r. <no jBa npaBHjia: „nepBoe, He AonycKaTb ne»*y ryfiepHCKHHX ynpaBjemeMx h ceHaToux HHKaEHXx cpcjHHXx ycTaHOBBeHiS, kbkx 6e3noje3BHXx h ejtHHCTBy ynpaBienia lipOTHBBUXX; BTOpoe, MBBHCTepCTBa CBHTHTb He CpejHHKX H OTAijIb- hhux ycTaHOBxeHieax, ho camorx npaiiHTe.ixcTny»mitHX cenaTOMx, Koero hhhhctph cyrb neHU, a MHHHOTepcTna cocTamujji nacTH8. Ecjh MHCBb rpa$a Bipna, to ee cjiayeTx m aix HiCK0.ii.K0 HHane: no no OTHomemio kx MicTHOMy ynpaaieniai BHOHCTepcTBa saiiiHHXH cosep- meHHO COHaTX, CX KOTOpUMX liflCTBliTe.TbHVK) H aCHByO CBHSb RUijH Tenepx oihh cyjefimia Micia. 8to-bhjho yate H3X toto, ebkx 6hjh ycTpoeHH cnomenin, nopajoEX otbcthocth uhhhctpobx h H3x ofixexa bxx aiacm Boi oneTH Tenepb xoxjkhh cocTaujaTtca nojenapTSMen- Taax, OTKyja ohh nepexojflTX kx MHHHCTpy, no^x pyKOBOXCTBOMx ko- Toparo cocraBjacrca o6mifi oineTx. Otmth o Bcixx a im x Bnocaica bx rocyiapcTBenHuScoBiix, paacMaipHBaDTca bx ero ienapiaBeaTaxi, h cx npHMiaaHiaHH hxx uociynaioTx Ha yeaxenie ofimaro co6paHia, h ootohx npeAa»Tca THCHeHiio bo BceoOmee H3BicTie. Bci hhhhctph bx iiflcTBiaxx cbohxx nojTHHOHH HenocpeaCTBeHHO BepsonnoB BjacTH; MHHHCTpaMx upeiOCTaBjaeTca npaeo onpcjt.ienia h yaoibHemH ihhob- hukobx, BHCmoxx npeacTaBJaa BepxoBHOfl B.iaciH, a hh3ihhxx co6cTBeH- hob BjacTin, Hajaopx 3a jiSCTBieMx Bcixx nojiHHeHHuxx iitcix h jirhx, BSHCKaHie otx hhxx OTBiTOBX, bx caynai CesjiicTBia hjh He- npaBHXbHaro Hcno-raema, yaaaeiue otx xoaxuocTeft h npexarie cyjy, bx caynai BaaiHUXx npecTynaemi, pa3pimeHie cuaon cymecrBycmHxx aasoHO&x h ynpeameHiS saTpyABemfi, BCTptnaioiHHXca npHHCnoJHeHiH; upuHaiie Bcixx Mipx, HyxHuxx kx aiiCTBiio aaitOHOBX h.th ynpeaje- Hift, Koraa ora yiBep^jenH h otipameHH ex HcnojHeHiro MHHBcipa. Ohh HMiforx npaBO npefleraBjarb o hcoi5xoahmocth hobbto 3aEoaahjh ynpeatjenia u ofix OTHiHi ciaparo; Bci oth HpeacTaBjenia s o .m m i HOCTynaTb bx rocyaapcTBeHHbit coBiTX. Caepxx npex*eTOBX, TpelSyio- *) n. 0. a J6* 24064, 24686. §i 197, 198, 209, 211, 220, 221, 228.
— 291 — iahxb Houaro yCTasa hjh yipeacAeHia, mhhhctph bhocstb Ha yBaae- aie rocy^apcTBonnaro coct.Ta, npciMOTH BHjTpcHHaroynpaBAema, Tpe- rtymmie otmIihij, orpaHHieria hjh AOno.iHOHia npeacnHXB uojoseHifi; Afwa, TpeSyiomia m. saKOHaxB, yciaBaxB h yapeajjeuiaxi. H3BHiHeHia acTHHuaro cMucxa, o6ipia BHVTpeHHia jr&pu, Bb ipe3BHiaflHUXB c.iy- 188X1. npioM.ieMua. o6MB.ionie boBhu, saKA»ienie Mitpahjpyria Baatuua Buimnia H'tpu, xorja no ycMorpimB o6cTOHTeAbCTBB, MoryTBohh » « je - ataiBnpeaBapHTMiHOHyofimeny coofipaateiiio, eaterojHuaCMira oouuixb rocyiapcTBeHHUxB pacxoAOBB h npHxojOBt, cnocoCu hxb ynpaaienia, Haanaieme hobuxb nsjepa;eKB, bb leieHiH roja bctp&thtbch Morymnxi., H ipeSBUiaHHUfl cJlUHaHCOBUJI Mf.piJ. OTTOTU BCt.XT. MHHHCTepCTBB bb ynpaBjeniH upaBaj.ieaan;axi kb hhmb lacTeS bhochtch enja se. He Ha^o HMf.Tt ocofieHHoft no.iHTHiecKOft npommaTexbHOCTH, irofiu uBBbpbHbanBjtixHaTeTTbieee,xAHBTLi8HHCKaTHrBoMXyBoVcnoI^OSIaSpIropaSuccaitaeO.HMoapul,rpraaHI,TniaOihaioAeBca.iKBbeJHBBhab^c.aAmos^copHepAijoHOtfmTiCMbOTHiBaaHjHMHaTCaCenTjBBeppHarCBOfTc-MBiAeBym'iHeuyManH,pOBaaBoaaBxTiccoOeHpsCiuiOoca-- rymefl aoxjkhocth reHepajB-npoKypopa. PyccKaa aAMHHHCTpailia ucTynaxa bb hobhS $asHCB paauaTia, xa- paKTepH3yeMKiB hoahod caHocToaieAbHOCTiD ota4ai>bu x b bSaomcibb, OTCYTCTBieMB TO# A^HT6AbH0CTH, KOTOpaa cocpejoToiMBajacb BB .rant reiiepaxB-upoKypoponB. Mu cahjdkomb eme (5ah8KO ctohmb kb 3T0ay □opsAKy Bemeft, Hmepecu bthxb yipeasAeaift roaopaTB eme cxamsOHB hchbo h rpoMKO, ito6h mu piniHAHCb npoHSHecTu o&i hhxb CBoe cyat- AeHie. Ilpa tomb bto nepemxo 6u aa npeA&iu nameft saxaiH, KOTopaa -cocroaja bb tomb, ito6h apowfiAHTb yipeaAeHie ceHaTa h bb ocoOeH- kocth AoxaHOCTb reHepaxB-npoKypopa ao to8 nopu, KorAa nepBuft okoh- laTexbHO BUAixHJca bb cyiedHoe m$cto, h BTOpoft. paaAtxHBiirift yiacTb Toro yipeamenia, npH kotopomb ohb coctosab, npespaTHAca bb hh- HHCTpa bcthhih; sto b coBepniH-ioob yipeameHieMB MHHHCTepCTBB. Pas- BHTie h poxb hxb, AaxeKO eme neoKoaieHHua, aoakhh cocrasHTb aa- Aaiy OTAi-ibHaro HM-rtaoBaHia. Mu sbkohihmb »Ty raasy t 6mb, i 4mb ee aanoAHHAH—budhckoB. „Mnoria hpohcxoahah cy»AOHia o BonpocaxB: MHHHCrepcKoe hah KOjaeriaabHoe ynpaBAeme noAesHte PocciH. KaatAoe hsb chxb cyatieHift npeACTaBAaeTB xopomy® h AypHyc CTopoHy. YnpaBAeHie mhhhctpobb M0K6TB HM$Tb 6p.lf.e CKOpOCTH BB HCDOAHeHin, ofiHHHaTb BB (kubUieft pasAPofiffreAbHOCTHnpeAHera, upeACTaB-iaTbjyirayc Hajeatjy kb ycnixy BB OTirpaBABHiH HOXBiAOMCTBeHHUXB aIub, eCAHMHHHOTpB COeAHHACTB bb ce6i bc4 KaieciBa, HOTpefiHua a-w ero cana. Cb Apyrofi eropoBH, odutb AOKaaajB, ito yipe»Aeme bb PocciH MHHHCTepCTBB pa3pymHA0 8AHHCTBO HaASOpa, ITO CBnepeMllHOK) MHHHCTPOBB 6e3npeCTaHHO H3Mt- 19*
— 292 — HseTCH CHCTCMa ynpaBxeHifl, Hero bx d.iaroyCTpoeHHOMX rocyjapcTBi AonycKaix Heaojxho, h veiny Ko.weriaai.Hoe yopeataesie caysHix npe- natCTBieHi; hto aaduft HHHHcrpi B'l pa8p4iuemH nojjexainHxx eiiy a4ax CKOpte duxaeix noABepaeHX omndKaMX, a cjhihkomx Ha ceda naaea>HH8 iiepeiiAeTx rpaimiuj BBf.peHHofi euy BjacTa; htocoaepacanie MHHUCTepcTBBeaceroAHO norpefi.wert ipeaiiipHiia cyMMu; no nasiAoe BCTyu.ieHie HOBaro HHHHCTpa caeoen. aa co6o » y^ajeme MHoraxx hh- hobhhkobx, am tcnoKoeuiii KOHX’i. pasAaBajm paHOBpemeHHO neBcin, apeHAH, opAeHa, noBbiineiria iHHaira; no bc4 cin Harpajpj, nojiyiaeMua Ia ihocayaLaniHMHnx HHHncTcpcTBaxx, B03dy*AanTX ynunie h ponora bx BHHOBHHKaxx apjthxx m4ctx, a nane ryfiepHCKHxx, ne- HiriwmHxx ocofaro iionpoBHTe.ii.CTua... Haitoiiepx, KO-i.ieria.ii.HOeynpaB- aenie a cmTaio no.ie3Hi.mx yae HOTOJiy, hto Poccia kx neny npaBuoa, a hto oho coofipaaHO cx pyxoHx yqpeaAeHia o ynpaMeHin rydepKifi“. Tenept yae Hponuo iinoro a4tx nocaii yopea^eHia MHHHCTepcTtix. Poccia yciriua yae npHBHKHyn. kx sroxy nopaAKy, nasx OHa npeaxe npHBUK.ia kx KoweriHBx. Ho, t4mx He acuiie, c.ioaa noweHHaro rocy- AapcTBeHHaro le-iOBtua AOCTaTOHiiood.iytiaHbi, b4ckh h npoB-fepenuobh- tomx, modu h Tcnepi. ociaHOBHix BHuxaHie Kaa.uaro, kto cepxe3H0 AyMaeTx o S.iarococToaHiH nainero BeaHKaro OTeiecTBa. M u4&nKpTo0nBuXH. liipxe3rXeo ean.tihiihhnucehrop ajx HCTopHiecMxx a saKOHOAaTexx- hhxx Hamero HUOaSHia, mu CTapa.raci he $HbaosBcjM'TiAHHOHB3yaTTTHyeaHbHHeaOBnCeo.TpKHiHpHmaauTctxycciHnjia4ep,iHyHiKiJyhOcuMTitoooprbpuxiaT,oXoddiham4cTicakXoc.nuop.okaodsTpmausaeeacHaK.iiaox;B, pbayxHiO3hBHxOHx-; cAHxhebot6ih4xhhoixxHxMnbooc,4tfmbuxxeHmaeAeMMBHpHoarsHHxCxTxBpaspTrewHpBHTHyaUTxMxb.xHpAae3BBnHpMoaHeSpijoieiBeHauTnxXuXSbtVhhIbIomIdhmctni.ayHnTeahniaeHipaax-, raaAH4e noKaaaTx oflmyio cBaex HMOaeHHUxx sa4cx coduriB. aHaarrooOrcyaonpcpjaaoaBB.ipTaey,acixcaso,ainaoopKaaAOrUoHHaHHacCHxTCoTHppanaauaeipac,tiouHex3ooBd4oppcarrHasHoaHBaaBnhOioBea,aHxnHoHouMBHeTHniOaa.cMcX4npncepaAnyaaxmtaHsa-- x3aOnxnnaapoappTouHnaicHecaAnKoA»AjMHo'Aa4aafs0axXia,oKenB,B>cHaXsjhtiBaieTe,otcciceTnnooAfnHpelOpnooH,ioyaxHe.ciAaiiaeCHAoXB,TO'ofHhocepWKHKcorOcHiHaaoaeT-HBoCBxiooTaHT,pBjnpHoit4eaueuoCTcpeoKbCiHpHucHTanHacABMc4oueOOomXrxsBEi3eeeaaXpCdHBKmiTbmoOipeeppnHeHohoeoOeHAKcAaAcOotpxMapyhaTeHxToceA.xcaHheT4oambi,dea<Hnace{rbOyiKHoodx»paHacMcAraauokxH4yxofyiaH,ahtaTaotCxHeBiapTKApAopuHObaBapaHx.irauroxHo0dre,hCeaorc3poiiiaaociHxnaHoc.cBbcjHyoTanPBBmU»aaeaBiTxreapcoXxx-.--
— 293 — CTBonajo. BuAiaeme 3thxt>AByxt naia.it CA'Is.ia.ioct saAaieio UeTpa I, BHjtnuiaro B't next r.iamii,(trace cpejcTBO s i nonojueuiD BCfext ne- AOCTaTKOBt. Ho KOTopony H3t BTEXt Haia.it npe.wc-raiiuTb npeo6.ia- Aa»mee BHaieHie? Ct caHaro Haiaiia ITeTpt CKaoHHaca Bt lioabsy Ha iaaa KoaaeriaatHaro. .Inwoe Haiaao, npeofijrajaBmee Bt jyxfe ApeBHe- pyccKOfi aAMHHHcrpania, 6u.m y.ut Hero CHHOHHMOMt npoHSBoaa h 6es- KORTpo.ibHOCTH. Ct atapoM'fc npiiHiiacA OHt opraHB30Bait cavatHaoe co- caoBie Bt moenajiraua yipe«AeHin, Koropua npeaiAC Bcero noaBH- jhcb at Mf.cTUOHt ynpan,ieHin, Hanfioaie CTpaxaBinoit OTt upouaBoaa soeBOAt; Kant o6me-CBK3yiomee naiaao araxt yipejKAemB noarauact Roaaeri* ceHaTa, cocpeAOTOiHJiact Bci Bonpocn eucraaro ynpau-ie- ni*. .ImuOMy naiaay (5u.ia oTFiejena Haianpaioinaa pojrt Bt CHCxesrfi iJiHCKaaoBt, EOTopue cjtyan™ jkhbok) CBiistro MeacAYh4cthhmh yipeat- AeHiaMH h ccuaTOHt, Kant (SarocTHTeaa roeyAapcTBcnHuxt HHTepecoBt, uoAiBHeHHue Bbicmeuy list 6.tioctht&id —cenaTy. Ho ohh Oujh ycrpa- Henu OTt A'feficTBHTeatHaro ynpaB.ienin, otb yiacria Bt A’taaxt, a BMicrb ct HHira 6hjo ycTpaneHO OTt yapaBJeaia h ahihob Haia.10. ,i(aatnl>0uiifi onuTt npHBe.it npeo6pasoBaTe.ia Kt Apyi'HMt coofipaace- Hiant. ,1-ia MicTHaro ynpaaienia out He Hame.it cayatnaaro cocaosia; cocpejoTOieHHoe Bt CToaunt uBt apaiu, ono He o6pa30Baao eme xicr- Haro B-iaat-itiecKaro cocaoBia. Heo6xo;iHMOCTi,JHiuaro Haiaaa, Koropoe oat conduit 6trao ocTanaat, BHCKaaaaoct caim i aneprHiecKUHt odpa- soHt. JIpoayKTOMt aroro 6u.io yvpeataeHie aoaaerifi h opraHHsapia anmaro naiaaa Bt anni reaepaat-iipoitypopa. BuA’fe.iHut h 0praHH30BaBt bth Asa cymecTBeHBua Haiaaa ocaaod opraiuisaijiH, Ileip t He YHHiToacHat oahhko caHaro npHHpiiua upasas- Haro ynpaBaeHia, kotoputt, KaKt hbb’Iictuo, Bupaaiaaca Bt chct6h4 ho- pyietiifl, h fiuat pe3yatTaT0Mt noaHaro, SesrpaHHinaro AOB'-fepia, eAHKCTBa He»Ay napeut u cayxH.iHHi cocaoBiext, KaKt DpejcraBUTeaeut aesuii. yipeaiAeHia IleTpa I ToatKOnpHBeaH B t nopaaoKt 3Tort xaoct raapofi aAHHHHCTpaiiiH, rat anmoe h soaaeriaatHoe Haiaao an.ia.Hici, He 9ae- MeiiTaMii rocyaapcTnennaro fiuta, a pesyatTaroxt cayateOHHXt yaoficTBt h poaoDuxt oTHomeiiiri. Ho opraHH3auiH :ua micKOatKO He ocaa&iaa npHKa3Haro Haiaaa, a, BaiipoTHBt, aaaa euy fioatme npaBHabHOCTK h fioatme Kpinocra. Hocai CMepTH ero Haiaaoct jBOHKoe ABHxeHie; oaho CTpeMHaocb npHAaTS aAHHHHCTpauiH npe*rii# auinufi xapaKTept h CM'finiaTb ABa BHA'feaeHHbiH HMt Haiaaa, dto 6uaa nonuTKa BepxoBHaro Taftnaro co- otTa; Apyroe crpeanaocb ocraBHTb KoaaeriaatHOMy naiaay tojbko cy- Aefinyio saacTL a i(H)pMa.ii,noc yiaciie B t aaMBHiiCTpaiuir, cocpeAOTOiHBt bck) cuay A'liHCTBUTeairaaroynpaBaeuia B t aHH't Hesuioruxt HKHiicrpoBt, caiAOBaieatHO, » ti aETHiraoe 3naieHie auiHOMy Haiaay, Kotopoe Derpt
- 294 — noCTanH.n, cBaqaia bb naG.rB.raTe.n.Hoe no-ioaeHie, a uoc.ii AOiiycTHAB. kb ynpaBaemD, ho toabko xaKB nacTb KO,r.ierin. 06b aiOMB CTapaaca KafiiiHerL bb iiapcTBOsaHie Ahhh HiiaHoiiuu h bb ynpanienie Mhhhxo. HapcTiiocauie E-iHsaneTH Uotpobhu ctohtb Ha rpaHHui AByxB anon. Ob oAHofi cTopoHH, oHa BOSBpamaeiai kb chctom4 ITeTpa I, B03Bpa- raaeTca kb ynpaii.ieHiK cenaTOMB, cbero npaKasnuMB xapaKTcpoMB. IIo cb xpyroB, bojb othhb yupaiuenieMBnpOHCXOjHTBBaanuii couia-iLuufi nepeBopoTB, uoAroxoiiHBuiifi uajeuie npeaHefi CHCTeuu. C-jyamoe co- c-iOBie nocTonoHHO pocnycKaerc-a bb oliacni, ixfc, thkhmb oGpasoMB, c.iaiUBaeTca ofiinnpHHfi luaccB, onHpaoiniflca aa cocToanfe h npOHC- xoaxenie. HanpoTHBB, ctojhru nycrfeioTB, noTOMy wo ciyxKioe co- CJOBie hjh bb apMm m.ih bb cOmcth; yapexAcma irocreneHno upenpa- manTca bb KaHne.iapin bxhxb yqpeaieuifi. Bb tskomb miA'fc saciajia pyccKoe ofimecTBO h axMHHHCTpauin EsaiepHua II. rocyAapcraesHoe BocnHTaHie pyccuaro napoxa Gujo kohtcho. IIowIiauhmb bktomb npex- mecTBynuiaro aapcrBOBaniii Gujio ocBoCoatjOBie nepBaro rocyjapciBeH- Haro cocxoBia otb ipro Taoa, KOTOpoe ohonec.ro bb Teienia HtcKOXB- khxb cnuiriS. OaeBHAHO, hto 3ajara rocyxapciBa CTaaoBwacb HHaa. Ao chxb aops Kaatjoe cocxoBie Ha cboohb M'fccrfc paGoTaao usa rocy- lapcTBa, Tonept rocyxapcTBo, ycrara EsaTepaHti, oGbhbhjo, too oGmee G.iaro, bb HMiifimeMB cMucai aroro cxona, CTanoBHTca ero sajaieBD. Ecjih apescjc cocjOBia aojjbhh Ghjh hckhtb cjy.at6n, rxi rocyxapcTBo hub ynaseTB, h j m aToro noKHjajH oGxacTH, ocraBja-ia aomb, TeiiepL rocyxapcTBo bphxojhtb kb sthhb cocjOBiiixB, cb u&iiio yjOB-jemopHTB hxb norpeCHOCTaHB, jocTanBTb hmb npaBOCyxie, THnmHy, GesonacHOCTB. llpeaue yqpeatjema 6hah a m cxyamaro tuacca toabko h!>ctomb c-ryatGu, cpejciBOMB 6aib y a4ab, a hotokt piluHTe-lBBO see paitno 6w.ro, rxi ohb hk GyxerB c-iyatHTb; j.ra npaBnre.ir,CTBa so BuroAHte 6iuo xepaaTb bth yape»Aenia noG-ruae kb cefii, T.-e. crarmaTb hxb bb xeHipa CBoeS jiflTe.TbnocTH. Sthhb Bnoairt oGBacnaeTM inaiH- TexbHoe KOAHaecTBo neHTpa.jbiiuxb yapeaieHifi h HHwoKHoe pasBHTie irtcTHwxB, r*i ryfiepHaTopH u BoeeoAH iicqepnuBaiOTB co6on iipaBH- Te-ibCTBeirauft nepcoHajB. Cb o6pa30BaBienB bb ryGepaia iixpa hobo8 oGmecTBeHHocTH, 8eM.reBAaA’liJib'7ecKarocookobih, npaBHTe.iKTBOyBajiao Heo6xOAHMOCTb QpHBBaTb erO KB oGipeCTBeHHOH A'feaiejIbHOCTH BBTfixB HtcTaxB, rjt cocpexoTOTHAHcb hobuh cMU. CosAaHie HameS o6m;ecT- BeunocTH cnpaBeAAHBO npimHcunaerca EKaTepairt. Ma.ro no Maay bc4 yipeatAeiiia nepexoxaTB bb cpoBHHni» h opranasyiOTca tbmb no co- BepineHHOHOBOxyn.raHy. TaMBcocraBJiaBTBohh.HapoxuniBToroseiiCTBa, KOTopoe nOAyqaert Tanoo pa3BHTie bb nuHliumee uapcrnoBaaie. Ha- npoTHBB, bb HeHTpajbHbiXB yqpeajeHiaxB npoacxOAHTBnaraoe vhhtto- aeme h6tpobckhxb HaqajB. Bb cxoAHaaxB ociaeica waccs, bochh-
— 295 TaHHuft na Ta6ejH o paHraxx, c.riiionaTCJtno, roroBuft yase kx mummy rocnoacxBjr snmncTepcEaro naia-ia. Haaa-io axo BHitjaeTCa CHaxajacx liOMomiio reuepaax-npoKypopa, iiotokx caMaro reHepaax.-npoaypopa hhs- boahtx na cxeneHfc ojHoro H3x mkhhctpobx, h .thbhoo naia.io opraHH- 3yoTca bt>imtpoKHXx parisrf.paxx,, ctshobutch ocuoboh rpoMaAHaro 'jacaa BceMoryujuxT, yypeasjeHiB. 1locals OKOiixaTe.ibHarocro opraHH3HpoBania, Afcio llexpa Betaxaro h EKaTepHnu nepemao bx upoBMUitiH; cx. othxx nopx oho oSycaoBjHBacTca tojbko posBHTieiix seMcsaro 3-ieneHTa. Pas- bhtio jkc seHcuaro aacHeaxa ecTt hh xto hhoc, KaBX nocxeueHHoe ocno- Cosxeiiie coc.iOBiS on pa3HOo6paaHHxx Tsir.tx, bomouschhhxx Hahhxx o6pasyK>tnuucii mockobckhmx I'ocvAapcTBOMx. 3a ocBofiosAraiesix abo- paacTiia, xoaatno Siuo c.xtxoBaTr. ocBo6oxxeoie npHUHcauHaro Kb nesiy cocaoBia, ho btoto hc cjyaajocb, h seHcaoe i'fcao ocxajocb 6esx> Kopneft bx ryfiepHiH, npejocTaMaa ofiiunpuoe no.ie Bee 6oaf.e h 6o.iie pacKii- XUBaioWHMca uenTpa.Tbnujix. yipejBAeniaMX, bo.tx BaiaHienx> KOTopuxx iiavuua.xacs yase Bauue.rapeisaa opraHnsauiaAaate sesicKHXx. s.tcmohtobt., Aaate j(&ioe cocaoBie rocyAapcTBeHimxx itpecTbaHx oTpaataao na cefifc axy CHCTCKy. OcHoSoaweuie baha'Isrjb'lecKHXx zpecTbHHX no.toasH.io ko- HeH'b aTOMy HenopMa-iBHony jBHXeHi». Ha pyccisyjo noany cnoBa bh- CTynaioTX.xpH Be.tHKie B-teHeHia, saB'fcinaHHue Ham HCTOpieu, bjiossohth, Apyarao paCoTaBmic max coSupanieMx aeon, Hast OTpaaseHicMX, Bnlsui- hhxx nparonx., iiaxx. ycmpeHieiix BnyTpeHHHXx spano-ix, najx. cosxa- Hieirx MaTepia.ij.Haro ftiarococxoaHia CTpanu. Cx canaro OTxa-ieHHaro Bpesiemi, cx r.iy6oKOHapcbhocth bhaho TiCHoe cpojcTBO3thxx thuobx. CHaaiua ofinjHHU, xpyatHaa h khhst., nocjrfs KpecxsaHCTBO, cxyatHtue .noah h napx, cocxaB-iaKiTX r.iaBH'hflmie sjchchtu namero HCTopHxe- CKaro XBHxeiiia. 3th TpH Tana bo bc6 Bpexena coxpaHaioTCH bx oweft cH.if., xoxa iiMx BciHx npHxoAHTca uepejEasaTb Taic&nie roju acnu- Tamfi. Otx cboCojhhxx OTHomeHift ApyxHHU h ofinytHH yaiabHOBiae- Boro nopio.ta, mu nopoxo.tHiix kx BaKpin.ioHnuMx, HecyntHMX thimo comobihmx MocKOBCisaro rocy;japcTBa. Bo.thku 6uxa HeypajjHi;a, chjlhu upoTHBy-rocyAapcTBOHBue o.ieMeHTH, Taaseau jo-tasnu Cubic 6utb h acepTBH Ha I'OcyxapcTBeHHoe aIsjio. Oho 3axonxeHO ITeTpOMX. Cx noxo- bhbu XVIII ct. HatHHaeTca ocBofioajeHie cocxosift, cosAame seMcxsa. saKouTHBoieeca ocuoSoaaeaieia. KpecxMax. H caoBaapeAx bamh ctohtx Tpn HeopeK.touHue a.ieaenTa pyccKoft jkh3hb, B03CTaBmie Tenepb cx HOBOIOCHJOIOHOAXjyHOBCHieMX CBO6OAH: o6ni,HHUHIJ.taA'fcxbnU, UHTUC Ticuo bx 0601,ift seacKifi crpoft, h Ocofia Be.iHKaro 3eMcnaro IJapa!
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