Градовский А.Д -Собрание сочинений. Том 1

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— 4V0 —, feOTiHHaMHy * e ao yopesAOHLH MoHacTupCKaro npnKana 6uaa aoboabho BejiHKa. yqpeatxeme MoHacTbipcaaro lipnaasa He BHecAO HHiero aoBaro hi OTHomeHia rocyjapcraa kb nepgBH, ohb He a^ has HHicro, Hero fiu ao Hero He AiaajB npHsaat lio.iboioro jBopt;a. AsTopi. bb yipeatjeHiH MoHacTupcKaro npHKaaa bhahtb Topaemo HjeH rocyAapcTBeHHaro eAHHCTBa naxt npHBHxeriauH upeatuaro spe- MeHK, HHTepecoBi* rocyAapcTneHHux-1, bbab aacTHHMH (ctp. 64). Mu BHAiJH Bume, ' hto .qacTHua npaBa“ hhckojlko He M-femajH pasBHTiio rocyjapcTiieHHaro eAHHCTBa, ocoGeimo co ctopohu uepKim, KOTopaa Cuaa oahhhb H3B MorymecTBeHHUxt cpexCTBB rocyjapcTziennaro eAHHCTBa, pafioTaja HaxB hhkb ctoabko ate, CKOJbEO h rocyxapcTBeHHaa BaacTb. CyAT* bb bucihhxb MHCTaHHinxB BcerAa npHHaAxeatHTT, rocyAapcTBy, ocoCohho cyAi* rocyAapest 6 a n Rucmen anue.ianioHHOio HucraHnieS. He toabko cyA’t AyxOBHLixB BxacTeft no rpaatxaRCKHMB Atjam ., ho h cyAB canoro narpiapxa i|e HCK-iBoaxt rocyAapcTBeHHaro cyAft, sa He- MHorHMH BpeueHHHHH ucoiOHCHiJiMH *). Bb cxyiai atajotfu Ha npHTi- eHeaia, uoHacTupcKie gpecTtHHe ofipamajHCb kb napcKOMy ynpaBjemc ’). Cjf.AOiiaTOAMio, BonpocB o6b OTHomeniflXB AyxoBHOft h cb§tceoB bjecth mrfiAB anaqenie toabeo bb lioxRHHeHHUXB KHCTanuiaxB. 3x^01, ate bh- AHmb h to paaHOofipasie cyxefiuuxT. Hitcraiinifi, Koropoe tskb nopasacTB aBTOpa (cTp. 52 h cjI a.). OcofieHHOnexHKO 6hao 3TO pa3HOo6pa3ie otho- CHTejbHO MonacTupeir h HOHacrupcKHXB bothhhb. „MoHacTbipa a uo- HaCTUpCRIH BOTHHHU, pa3CiflHHUe HO BC'llMB KOHUaMB Poccia, npeACTaB- mxh eme 6ox$e pasHootfpasia, TaKB csasaTB, CM'femaunocTH bb ctaho- rpaatxaHcKO0 hoahhh6Hhocth, t &mb naTpiapman h enapxia.ihHaa 06- AaCTH. Hliue MOSaCTUpH CB CBOHHH B0THHH3MH OOCTOR.IH HOAB HeuO- cpexcTBeHHOD rpaisjaHCKOD noxcyxHocTtio cauoro rocyxapa hjh npH­ Kaaa Boabinoro ^Bopua; xpyrie saBHctxH otb naTpiapxa; TpeTbH otb enapxiaxbHUXB apxiepeein,: yeTBppibie otb xpyraxB MOiiac.TijpeB; naTbie nox-ieatajnt oChhmb o6.micthhxb rocyxapcTBenHUMT. cyxa*B“. 3xicb aoasho sairitTHTb, hto eyABcauoro rocyAapa 6hab Bucmeio a m bcSxb 9thxb cyAOBB HHCTaHniefl; ero He OTpHiiajo HHKorAa Hame xyxoBcHCTBO, xaate bo Bpeuena ocoSchhoB ero chah, HanpHuipB, bo BpeMa Cror.ia- Baro cofiopa. 3aTiiiB cyxt naTpiapxa bb naTpiaptneft ofixacTH He 5uab yHHHTOateHB MOHaCTUpCKHMB DpHKaBOUB. Bee, HTO OHBMOrB CAixaib— oto BHecrH CoAl.me onpexiaeuiiocTH bb nojTHHeiiHue cyaij. IIpuHUHnB x'AaBeHCTBa rocyAapcTBeHHaro cyA» TBepxo onpex'fi.THJica sajoaro ao yqpeacAeHia npiiKasa, ate BMSBaAO ero noaBAeHie? 1It6 HOBaroBnecB OHB BB rOCyAapCTBCBHOe yCTpOflCTBO? *) r. AHBipie«i, Rcmopin cydeTmuxi mcmauuiH, crp. 329. „Saao6u aa uaTpi- apmie npaaaaH npaaocajaci, n uapeayn *ynj“. 7mm. ra. XII, 2. >) Tam *e, crp. 333.

406 - Ha uepBHfi Bonpecs Mjopit. orBil?aer& cjijyioinHm, oCpasoHi.;. „Okoao noaoBHHH XVII Bisa cospira ra rocyaaiprart vutm, w fe ' MocKOBCaaro rocyaapcTsa bchkhxt, idhobi, m ^em otb Coiimoro a *o MeHtraaro inny cMyuacij.iiiph paonpaBa no bchhhxts a ia i x i, Bcim, Cura paBHO. Ob btobj Be mooii Jiaantb cyaeOflua npBBHJierin nep-- kobhhxb yapesaeHiB\" (ctp. 65). 9toS noTpeCHocTH, eoanauHOfi nciira cocaoBiaim, xoixko Cura yaoBjeTBopHTb yAcaceme. „Bb Hem trcnooCaa- pyaHBaeica coraaBie neo6xojRMOCiH eAHHaro niai.Haro wcyAapcTBea- naro saKOHOxaTeraeiBa am bcoh Pocoh, xe dua-'mMii omdrutMatci, .tu«i uau cocMsiu, ho j.ia uoamh a 6jara MocKOBCKaro rocyAapcToa HBcero PoecifiCKaro iiapcm\" (dp. 67). Mozho noiyuaTb, ito Aieadsfi Mh- xafi-iOBiiTb AtBcxEOBa.Tb cpeAU $i»Aa-itHuxT, cocaoBifl, KQTOpua, naxo- Hent, eMy yjaxoCb caomhtb vb noHomin eAHHaro a m a c ix i rocyAap- CTBeHHaro EOAenca. Ho BpaAt ah bto 6hao Tam. Cocaobih Hama Cura; npoasBOAOHieMi caxoro rocyAapo.TBa, KOTopoe opranHSOBUJio uxt iitHBAy pa8BHxb. rocyAapcTBeHHtixi. TaroAi, opraHH30BaAO k j i jriaaohho, cl' CozbniHMH ycHiiam, ©j> noMomiio pasHuxt .penpeccuimuxt nipt, «a? Kpinjenia, orpaHHieHia iipaBt co6ctb8hhocth h t. x, H B,ipyrj. Vra- aveuie yHHHTOsaerB pa6oiy ipfijuxi nOKoatHiS! HanpoTHBb, y*ancenie AOeobhhao oCpasoBame cocjoBifi; rjaBU VII, XVI, XYII.-XJX h APy- ria cayatarB Tony hchuht. AOHasaTejbCTBOiTB. Bt. ytoaceHiu xcHo upo- raiiAUBaeTT. hhcab Aan, naatAOMy cocAOBic ocoCoe ynpaBAeme h oco- Cuft cyAt. OCocoCAeHie cocAonifi npoAO-iaaeTca H Boexi. Praaeexis, npoxoAHn. ipe3i see XVII h XVIII cro-rtniL.. yaosweMie MALKOaa- KpiaHAO 3HaxeHie cocaonift bt> oCjuoctbIi H rocyAapcffli, no ne yciriira iipoBeciH 3th Haia-ia bo Bci boapoChocth aAHHHHcrpauiH. 9to 6uao Ai-iom nocaiAywniim. n ip i npaBiiTeABCTBa.. K t leiey oho ci'peaii- AOCb,— BHAH0 MeSAy lipOTHXT, HB'i■HOBOTOpTOBarO yCTaBa, H3AaHH3rO BCAliACTBie aeAofiHTHoa ToproBUxi. ada69- B w i aaaia aeAama- o6aa- pyzHBaen. npaBHTeABCTBO h oCmeciso: „)Iah morHx'B boaokhtb bo bo bc$xt, npHEaaixx, synenKHXb ABjjeii npucmoiiHo b^ahtb «i oduout, npucmoiiHom. npuiuun, rxt BeAHKiS 1’ocyAapt ynaaeTi cBoeay PocyAa- npoeBpyyCCeaotaHpHHXH’by,rEoopiooAputxfis6ha bnpi n•hi;haahbx'CsuroaebyAKyanpeeiTiKBHaMsii..o.uonApeoiirsiA. BaxO®BocCiAo-i poHOB, h bo fieixi ropOA'fcxi, ouis eocsodatuxb muon KynOUKHHB a»- Aomi Chat, bbihhtob) h ynpaBO»“ (HoBOTopr. yer.;ct.,'.88). Bb npez- nee BpeHa, npa HBaoli ['poaiiOMb, .BoewAciae;jkuopb“ BUSBara Cu aicTHoe caMoynpaBAemo; tenept a-th toS xe h-Lth npaoHTCABCTBOxo- aerL nepeAaTi. yraeTeHnoK cocaoBie bl 3air(iAuiiaiiie „oeoCaro upHKa3a“. CaiAOBaTeAbHo, oCocoCAenio bIiaohctbi yAOB.ieTBopa.ib haoS a moth, iioao6ho npesHHHi yc-raBnusib h ryCHUai rpasiaTaMT. (bt, nepsoe Bpeaa hx-e i-ymecTBOBaHia). HeAbsa ah otbphtb noAo6Huxi .ae Haia.n, be

— 407 — MoBacTupcsoMi. lipaMsi? ^ to lopHcjHBuia' Boxbinoro ^soppa 6ujia ocHOBaBa Ha aTOin. iiaiaji—He noA-nexifib coMHtpii). HacKoxbKO yaep- aajocb oho Bb hobomi yipeataenia? Kaxerca Ha nepBHft paw, hto oho nporjHxaiBaerB 3a4cb ropaspo ciafiie; Tam, Abtommcmb cyja Bo.tb- moro jI,Bopua Bupaaajiaci, Bb TOMb, bio .iHpa poahhhohhhh ero cyjy, ocBorto*AajrHCb (xots h He bo Bcixb OTHOnreHiaxb) ora ofi-iacTHoro cypa. HanpoTHBi, Cb ynpexpeuieiib MoHscrupcEaro upHBa3a, Bb 06.1a- CMXb cyAoCHaa BxacTB booboai* kokt, fiyATO pacluapaeTCii '), xoTa h Bb orpasHHeHuoMi paairtpt. Ho npaBHieatcTso chhtbjo Hirrepecii py- xoBGHCTBa o6e3neieHHUHU rtiib, hto e«y paao 6uao ooofioe ynpcape- Hie, Koiopoe Tcnepb noxyoHAO HOByi) oprarasapiK) *). IIoOToay, oho CHHTaao yae 6e3noje3HHHH Bcfi npexHia .urorti h auuoBaHHbia ipanaTij. Ho HecoMHiiHHO TO, hto cypb MoHacrapcKaro upnaasa (iujib cypoifb cocjmtuAM», ne nrtiomHHi HHHero oGiparo cb tod HpeeS saKOBOAaTCJb- Haro h cypeGnaro epHHCTBa, Koropyio, GyiTO Gu, upoBopH.io Yuoxenie. Bb OTOHb oTHomeHiH UoHacTupcGiS upmtaab Gij,r& ocHOBaiit HaBecbHa ApeBHHXb nanajiaxb Hamero 3aKOHopaTe.ibCTBa. ABTopr, cHHfaera MonacTupcEift npaKasb to HpesBMHafhio ro- iiuvb. lio Haraeuv Mutiiinj, hobbiht, hojbhonasiiaTb ynpexpeme, EOTopoMy iratpeiiu Basie iiHGypi, hobhc upeAMOTH, hjh CTapweHanoauxb naiiuaxb. IIpeAHeTU BtjoHCTBa MoaacTupcEaro npHBa3a apesRuiaftHO cjoanu h sanyTftiiHU, a iAaBHoe,cooTBiTCTByxm, npexHHMi npepHCTa*b BfpoiiCTBa Boxbmoro Jjiopna. OpHHb H3b mohxi>ynaxaemixb TOBapmpefl, npoijiec- copb AnApeeBCKiH, saxiriMb airropy na ahcpyrt, hto out, uanpacno ho pasoGpajb MHima naTpiapxa Hhkohb o tomi, htoMoHacTupcxiB npnaaab BBOAH.Ib HTO TO HeCAHXaBHOe Bb UpeXHee BpeMa. ^ilfiCTBHTejLHO, npg HHHMaTe.ibHOMb aHa.iH3i XIII rj. yjuxuceHix, OHb yG-fepHAca 6u, htobc6 CTaTbH ea cmapvtx. Kb coKajiaiB, aBTopb He pa3o6paab OTnomcnig MoHacTufcKaro apBKa3aKb BoxaniOMy jBopny cb aoctetohhobnoasoTOfi m BtpiiocTbBj. . []pepxeTb iiiAOxcTBa MoHacTupmro npHKasa no Yao- OKenitO rOBOpHTb OHb, „CyAb BO BCHKHXb HCTQOBUXb HCKtXb“, Ha HK- TpOHOXHTOBb, apxieBHCKOUOBb, CHHCKOBOBb, HXb npHItaSHUXb HABOpO- BUXb .iRtAefl, A^Teit 6oapcKHXb u KpecTbaHb HXb, Ha MonacrupH, *h& apxHMaHApHTOBb, HryxeHOBb, CTpoHTexeS, Bexapett, KasnaneeBb, na pa- AOByw fipaTiw, MOHacTupcKHXbcxyra, KpecTbanb, ua nonoBb h pepsoB- HUit npHHTb... Bb8T0MbCOCpeAOTOHeHiH, CbOAHOSCTOpOHH, OKaSHSaeTCH saKOHHeHHOCTB MHoroxiTHeB no-iHTHKH MocjtoBCBHxb rocyAape8, no K0- TOpoS OHH CTpeHB.IHCb HOAHHBHTb CB0«8 HeHOCpeACTBeHHOB CVAefiHO- *) Yaomc. a. xm, CT. S. Mb yiwware o»ae, no u >ro noaoxenic ne aonocn. ’) yMOKeme yipejaao MoHacTupcKiS npasasi loauo nasi „oco6oe yapeatjeuie. IIpexAe OHb jcfeMCrbJBajii aasa lacrt npHBaaa Bojimoro J»opua, noji Ha3BaHie»i npB>aoa nepeHOCHHii alia, 1 0 npocro MoHacrapcaaro npnsaaa“.

rpaatjaHCKoSBxaeranepKOBHHHbjmcth, yapeatjemaHMaximahxi‘. lio- cMOTpHMt, btoroBopara yxoncemt. I’.iaBa XIII, ct. 1: Ha MOTpoaojnno**, h na apxieoacsonoBi, h etmcsonoBb, h bs hit. npHsasauxi, b he jBopo- buxb -uoneS h t. n., aa Bcixb it x i aan*, KOTopua y»e nepewcaeHU r. ropaaKOBuas, so ecjttcuxt dnxnxi cyjb aaoauT. Bb npatcaBi 6Mb- inaro XBoppa. A nuiii rocyxapb U,apb... VKaaaxb MOHacTupcaoiiy »pH- Ka3y 6uTb oco6ho. IfoaBb, yxooKeme caobo bt. cxobo, 6yitBa hi. (Spray roBopHTi o npHKasi'Bojbmoro /taopna to, tto aBTop't roBopHra o mo- sou luacTH MoaacTupcitaro npHKasa. ABTopi, npaBja, roBoparb jwbme («STp. 70), bto „ y,u)xeiiit He orpaHaerb a ne OTMiaaerb Hpeasmixb aaKOHHUXT. ocHOBaaia cyjeOao-rpaai^aHCKOH BjacTH AyxoBeHCTBa npa- mijmh uocTaaOBjenijiMB. Meatfly Tim, KommaAMb o6pa3otn omaexaenu, n comou ocuom ceoeu yHUHmoo/caemco. YsooKmieMb ycTaHOBaaeTca oco- 6oe, cuMOcmoxmeMMe, ue3asucuMoe ora nepKBH cyflefiHoe yspeawesie, KOTopoHy BBipaerea cyxe6Haa Baacn. Hajb annara, floceni nofl-iesao- bihmh caMOCTOHTejbHOMy cjfly nepKBH. C'TaJO6iiTb,—HBMiHaercacamfi upHiipanbnoicyAHOcia; npea«e 6uj aaepKOBHo-cyje6aaa BjacTb.Tenept— rocyjapcTBeHHaa.npesxe cyflb 6ujrt nepKOBHuft, Tenepb—rocynapcBb*. Mu aapoiHO BUUBcaxa bto BaatHoe Micro, h6o oho .nymne Bcero xa- pasTepH3yeTb hctobhhke Haynjuxb upieMOBb aBTopa. Ilpesje Bcero mu tytu etn, are h upaxasb Koabmoro ,fl,Bopna, o fliaieabHOCTH koto- paro OTBOCHTejLBO nepKBH Tara aaieropnqecKH roBopart KwaeeMre, Tasate He 6iub ycTaHoaieHieitb aosuoiMauu orb nepKBH. Aaxfce Yxo- ncenie He yBeaHBHBaera bhcxh n nb, nofliHHeirauxb cBiTCKOMy cyjy, h HHiero He oiHHMaerb ora nepKBH. Bee, nro OHbrOBopHTb oxanara, noflHHHeHHUXi MoHacTupcKOiiy npmtasy, yaw CKaaano hme Bume, npH onpeAixeHiH cifcpu BtioacTBa Boibmoro flBopna. Jliina, nojsHHeHHua MoHacTupcKoay npawiBy, „floceai“ noflBHHajHCb no rpaanancKHMbfli- JaMb He nepKBH, a Bpmmoiiy. ^Bopny, orayfla u Depejanu^n, MoHa- cTupcsia npHKasb. Oraio Cute hiipHHnmrbiioacvahocthhhnpaito,hhkoc- seHHO He HBniHaerca: to, bto npeatfle6uxo rocyjapeBUMb, oCTaeroarocy- japeBHMb, bto6u.ionepsoBHUMb ocTaeTMnepKOBHHMb. Asropi Ha btomb He'ocTanaBJHBaeTca. Hoero MHtHi», Bupaawme,bto MoHacTupcKOMyupa- aasynpenocraBaaeicah„cyabbobchkhxt,HcmoBuxb HCK*Xb“,03HaiaeTb, bto oHb HMtib npaBo pa36Hpaib hcke mcbav ayxoBHUMa, btonorfexb nopb CBHTaxocb BMimaieabCTBOMb be xtia nepKBH. OTsyna bto cxi- AyeTb? yxoDKewe hh npaao, hh kocb6hho o6i otomt ho. roBopHra; bto npasHaera caMb aBropi: „ho, ronoparb ohi, H8b ero noxoHeaiS BHie- saKtTb cyneSnua upasa npaitasa h ua Ataa btoto pona“. M H8b sa- RHXb ace noao*eniS? I'ni ohh? y » b ecan yTBepatnaiora, bto y,vme- Hte 3aBojHxo Tiisia hobocth, nano ae AOKaaaTb bto ne ojhhmh cjo- BaMH, a 4»aKTaMH. A (JjasTOBi-TO a sira . J o KwoeeMM Bucnria jy-

— 409 — xobhuh BjracTn — mhtpohoxhth, apxieuncKonu, onncitouu... nojxoxaxH Henocpe^cTBeunoMy cyxy rocyxapa. Cyxb fioapb 6uxb j.ih BHXh jhh- zeaieKi. Uo yAoncmin u ohu noxiHHHXHCb MoHacTupcKOxy npHsaay, iiapaBHi cb c.bohmh RpecTMHaMH\". CoBepmeKHo HenpaBii.ii.no! Yaoowe- uie upjmo nepeiHCXflOTb STHXb eueuiuxt SAOcmeu bl iHcxi XHHb, noa- ihbchhhxi. cyxy BoJiMBoro ,J,BopHa. Tskobh aofta3aTe.ii,CTBa r. Fopia- KOlia OTHOCHTBXbHO „H0MJXb IipHHHHnOBb” HOXCyXHOCTHxyxoBeiiCTBa BL uucuiHXb HHCTanuiiixi. Bet ohh ochobhhu Ha tout,, bto onb naiaxb THTSTt 1 CTaTM) XIII m . yAOOKenia He cl Ha'ia.ia, a cl cepexHHbi ’). He (ioxbuie ocuoBaTe.ibHOCTH npexcTaBaacrb. h xoEaaaTexbCTna ot- HOCHTejiBHO npoBejeHia 9THXb npHHpHUOBb Bb hh3ihhxi> HHCTaHHiaxb. Bo nepituxb, asTopb HaqHHaeTb ci> iio.ioaoHiii, xoTopoe BOBce He otho- CHTCH Hi HHHHIHHbHHCTaHIUHMb, CpaBHHTeXbHOCb MOHaCTbipCKHHb-npH- KasoMH. „ yAOOKeuie, rOBOpHTHoitb, npexcTaBxaerbh yKasuBaeTi npHaas- HUMb H.ABOpOBUMli .TIOXHMb UaTpiapxa H apxiepeeBH, paBHO HOHaCTUp- CKHMbBXaCTHXb HKpeCTbHHaSfb BHHHHTbHCKHHa.TIOjeft BCHEHXb HHHOBb Bb npHKasaxb, n bl to xe BpeMH' yCTaHOBxaerb xaBa'y. cyxb bl bthxt, iipiiica.’iax'j. bo BCTptqHiJXT. Hcnaxb“ Ha xyxoBHuxb ^ hxt. upecTbanb (CTp. 7 1 — 72). 9to osHaiaen. otohb ciapoe DoxoaeHie. E cjh jyxoBCH- ctbo h cro KpccTbHHO HH'fcjiH cBOfl cyxb cocxobhhS, to xpyrie XjaCCH HH'Il.TH CBOH CyXH, Kyua XyXOBHHJI XHIpl H aOJISUbl 6lJ.HI HcaHOliaTbCfl Ha TaBHXb „BCHKHXT. IHHOB'b XKJ,T,eft“. KpOUeCCb, (TSSb HaqaBtHHCL Bb TaKOBOMb npHKaai, saicb ate xoxaceHb 6u.it, h. kohhhtbch, ja*e Bb Tonb cxyqat, ecxH Ha jyxoBHaro 6uxb noxaHb BCTpiiqnuft HCKb. Ecxh 6u yMtotcenie SToro ho nocTanOBHXO, Torja, Bb cxynai BCTp&HHaroncita, xyxOBHoe xhuo Horxo 6u nepenecTH ace xixo BbcboA cyxb, MoaacTup- CBift npaitasb, hto Ouxo (5h hpothbho HanaxaHb npaBHXbHaro cyxo- □pOHSBO.TCTBa. JJOSTOliy, BH0 KHKOMb IlOJIHUClliHxyxOBOHCTBa CBtTCKOMV cyxy He (Juxo 3xicb pirn. JIaxie, hckh He cuutne 20 py<5. (a HHOrxa h cBunie, cm. y,vaK. XIII, ct. 3) oTxaHu Bb b4xomctbo BoeBoxb (cm. crp. 72, hh. 6, r, x). Haqero h TyTb He 6uxo HOBaro. BoeBOxu naxasHa hm'Xxh cyxeOHyio sxacTb Haxb xyxoBHUMH xHnaHH. ABTopy ctohxo pas- BepHyTb aBTbi, hto6u v6'fcxHTbca Bb BTOHb. Haiipinriipb, bl Axmaxt topudumxKuxi, (it 26, 26) notrtmeHH XBa cyxHua xixa MOHacTupeS Cb qacTHbiMH xHxaMH, npoH3BOXHBiniaca BoeBoxann eme Bb 1610 H 1613 rr. „Bb cTOxraoBeHiaxb xaab, noxBtxoMCTBeHHHXb npeacxe, *) 9to no.ioBaxejtuo iaki.HaCTp. 66 oni rosopHTb, wo b%Haqaxi XIII rjasu ofijeicao Bi ocofieuoo topaccTceoHyio ifopMy. XIII nrn aaiaHaGTca co c.iobi: „Ha ryn rocyiapa nocraBjeai n cepeiHH-6—nTHTyji »ajul, aaao# BciptiacTcn boBciil yaaaaxi, 6e3i bchkoS ropaecTHeBBOcra.





— 4,11 — HCKJBienie hst. oSmeft ncwcy^HOCT* y«a3UBaJo enapxiajbBUMt apxi- epeaM’b pa bo.mi ojkhoctl HcsaBHCHMocTH on. rocyxapcTBeHHaro cy.ua a to o . HanoMMiiaHiesrL upexHe# caxocTOflTejbHOCTa HepEOBHHX* bj&- CTe6 h yapeamemit b i A t o u rpax,naHCKnxb“. 8to otScToaieabCTBO poBHO- HHiero He nanoMHHaJio, Kpoirli npeatHHxb, crapHHHtixi, npairb HaTpiapxa, KOTopua aHiero ne avium ofimaro cr> upanaMH euapxian- HbixT, apxiepeeB'b, HsjanHa nojiBHeHHUx’b Dpaitasy Bojtmoro Jnopaa, a noTOMy hm-b HHiero HaiiOKauaTb He home. yMotcenie ocTaaiaen. Kb cH.rfc npaBHXa, jiHCTBOBaBinia npii Maxaa.iL OexopoBavL, ho h bi STHxs npaBHxaxt mu He bhakmt. eaiero, wo roBopnio 6a o Hesaiw- chmocth nepKOBHuxs ycTaHORjemft o n rocyaapcTBeunaro eyxa. Uaipi- apuiie npHKa3u 6um HOCTaajenu na owy croneHt co cbLtckhhh npH- caaaMH, noAiuunaucl CoapcKott AyMi a, HauoHeub, coctohjh ae to.ie.ko H3H AyXOBHUXb, HO H HSb CB'LtCKBXT. XHUb. rocyxapcTBO, cx4.H0BaTe.jbH0, c i ho.ihhhi. y64iKAeHieuT. homo caa- sais, hto oho, yapeatjaa MoHacTupcitift npaKasb, He bboahao Haaero HOBaro. Oho bhockao fio.ii.me eAHHCToa h nopajuta b% cyjoycTpoBcTBO, no 3to He Cu m RattanHH6yxb hobocie upuHHHiia, a neofixoAHHoe yxya- ineaie bt> locyAapcTBcHHimm ycTpoficTB*, b i nojpo6uocTJixi,, a He be Haiajaxm. To otfcroaTejbCTBO, n o MoHaciupcaiS npaKasi. uujt, yipea- AeHi khkt. oco6oe ycTaKOBaeme no ae.io6HTi.io pasnuxb cb'J.tcehxt. iHnoBt, BOBCe He saatHO a He Kacaetca HHKaitaxi. „npaHHanoBb“. ABTOpy H8B4CTHO, OTO IlOJIMHOft ^BOpeiyb, KpOM4 MOHaCTbipefi a HXl rotbhhT), bijt&rb eme Maccy apjthxt. jvL.n., Can, miBiLiem. pafioroS. H4th iiaaero yAamiTextHaro, ecxa cyjpb ero do rpaamaHCiunn, A4.ia«i> AyX0B6HCTBa OTAHTOJCH „BOJOKHTOH>“, Of)U(em, BnpOqeHb, BC'f.ME M0- ceobcrhmt. upBKasaai.. Meatjy t4mt. bth fl4aa (a axi. Ou.jo hhoco) sacaxacb HHTepecoBt He tojh.ro xyxoBOHCTBa, ho h jhht. bc4xt> ce- C-IOBia, BM'isBIIIHXI. HpOHeCCH CT. HOHOCTUpava. llOBTOMy OHH .lerKO Hor.ia noaeaari., otoCu ja a ctoxi. BaxHaro npexaeTa fiu.H, yciaHOB- xeut ocoflu# npHaasb, rjpft coKpaTa.iact 6a o6uKHOBeHHaa uexxes- HOCTb AtooapOH3BOACTBa. OtOHJ npHHHHOD apOHCXOSABHie MoHaCTijp- cxaro npaEaaa odbacaaeTca ripome a ecTecTBeHHte, t i n bc4 hh ,aa- iajiaMa“, KOTopuxT. iioofime ne sHaao HocxoBcsoe npaBHTejLCTBO, pas- BHBaBnieeca bhcto upaKTHiecKiiMT. isyrem,. Ho ecaa MoeEOBCKoe ro- cyAapcTBo, yapeatAaa MoHacTupcKifi npaitasb, ne bboahxo -Haiero ho- saro, to He 6uao an bt. caaoaT. AyxoBeiicTBf, khkhxt. Ha6yAb hobuxi CTpeMaemS, c% kotophmh He xoraa aaAHTi. /(taTe.n.HocTi, MoHacTup- caaro npaRasaV ^i#DTBHTexi.H(), bt. 6opb6i Ay*OBOHCTBa npoTHBb Mo- HacTupcKaro upaEasa lipoi'.TiiAunaeTT. hto-to hoboo, Hec-iuxamioe a BenajaHHOe npeat.ne. Ho OTKy^a nuo bto Hoeot, o n 1'ocyAapCTBa, m b ott. HepEBH? Mu He 6«peMca Sjicb ptuiHTb Tasoft BaxHUft a cjoxhuS

BOirpoci. Uosboahmb ce6i tooeo npeiCTasHTi. b^cko-ilko cooCpaxerift, a noMomim KOTopuxB moheho 6u, ckoabko Hami, KaSeTca, nocraBHTi sonpocB sa Hajxeaamy*) Aopory. UpaBHraitcTBo yqpeajaeTB Mohs- CTupcKiB npasasi.; nysobbhctbo, both ja-ieso He Bee, npOTecryeiB HpOTHBB Hero. npOTHBB MrO OHOnpOTeCTyeTB? iTO euy HC HpaBHTCH bb npHKast? CaMoe npocToe1 o6BHCHeHie:3Toro Bonpoca, noBBflHMOMy, saBJioBaeTca BB TOMB, TTO XVXOBCHCTBO KeAaAO HSBHTI, Ce(5« H CBOHXB BOW# OTB cyj(a rocyxapcTBeHHaro. CrpeHAeme bto He 6u m hoboctmd. Eme bb 1392 r. MHTponojuTB EHapiaHB *BHcajB o6b btomb npejMeri kb QcBOBHBaHB ')• Ohb CTpeMHJCH ofoSBaiHTb DpejilH CyiefiHOft BJftCTH qepKBH, xora h He AaBajB eft Tasoro ofiBeita, o kbkomb nocji mci- t u i naTpiapxB Hhiohb. Ohb roBopBTB tojbko o AyxoBHHXB h m- HaXB, npHIHCJCeHHbIXB BB HepKOBHHMB JKJHMB. srJa eae BTOHOTHHO KB KOTOpoft MHTPOHO.TI.H HJH KB eBHCKODBHHOHaCTHpeBe, Hr.yM6HH ct BepHtHH, nonu, auikohh h bcjikb uepsOBiiufi qeaOBiKB (mu bha^bh Bume, Kasia jima othochahcb kb qbpkobhbmb jidahmb), to bch doab luacTtio, bb nocxymaHBH Cbhthtbjd: HHKTOse m He ciffteTb hh bahhb KpeeTbHHHHB... BCTynaTBCa bb Tan jiaa“. Jaaie siHTpono.iHTBhkBctb bb bhaj ToabKo BpejMeTU pepKOBHaro cyja, bb Koropue iacio Biop- rajiHCb CBtTCBia aiacTH ITckom. Bo Bropoft rpamart ohb rosopHTi: •„bto ecMb cJumaiB, aai, bb IIcnoBi wipane cyjaTB hobobb h kb3- HarB hxb uepKoetmxxt eeuttbxt, hho .to ecTt KpoM'fi xpecTMBbCKaro aaKOHa: HerojHTCa MipaHaiiB nona hh cyAHTH, hh KassHTH, hh ocy- Ahth ero, hh c.iosa Ha Hero He ho.tbhth, ho kto hxb crasaTB Cbhtb- Te.tb, HHOTOTBHXB H CyAHTB, H SaSBHTb, H yiHTf,“ . B^BcbHHCJOBaH6 roBOpHTca o KpecibgHaxB, KHBymHXB Ha HepsoBHUXB aeiuaxB. Bo- npocB o6b btbxb 3eMjaxB TiocTaaieHB Ocofio' otb sonpoca o xyxoBOB- ctb4 h nocTaBxeHB AaaeKO He iaxB xaTerepHnecKH. C.ioea smipono- AHia no OTHomeBuo kb bhmb hm$btb xapaKTepB cOBiia, yB$m»Hia h He noAKptiuaBTca n6o»ecTBeHHb«H npaBHxaMH”, bhkb nocTaHOMe- Hia o pepnoBHOMB cytfb. Ohb npocTO roBogHTB, tto kto BCTynHTcabb aepKOBHua ceja, seiMH, boah h nonuHHa, „Toro He 6*awcMKum>m (xora h He aanpemaioTB) CoatecTBeHaa npaBHaa”. ,Hpyroe Micro eme xapaKTepHCTHwfce: bb r t 6u ecre seiuH He BciynajHca hhkto otb BacB, btoCh AepKOBfc Bojkbk Me uso&nceHa (m m , aaHese bb tomb BeaHKB rpixB otb Bora“. TaKia noCTaHoaioBia He momh opraHHBO- BaTh nepKOBb EaKB ocoftyio rocyAapCTBeHHyD h o6n[eCTBeHHy» sopno- paHiio. Mu BHAixa nwfte, bto caso AyxOBeawBO cTpeHuocb hsb-iioab cyAa CBaTHTeibcaaro kb cyny rocyAapcTBennoMy. H3pliAKa to-ibko bos-

— 413— Biiinajucb roaoca hpotbbb Taaoro nopajsa iiemeS. PasBime me cb4t CKai'o cyxa HacioTi Ayxoanaro mao 6e8ocTaaoBoiHO. UpHBHHa stow 3aKa»Baerca bb tomb, tto cano ayxoBCHCTBO ho BHA’fc.iMOCb enie hsi oOmeB Maccn pyccaaro seMCTaa Kaa-b ocodoo cocaoaie, a nowiMy b< BMiao eme HHKasHXB KopnopaTHBnuxB CTpeHaeHiS. Oho oxotho hoa BHnaaocb ycaoBiam. odniefi rpaacaaHCaofi noacyjHOCTH, odbiKHoneBHu»i rocyaapcTBennuMB cvaanB, a Ha cboh ayxoBHue cyaH CMOTpi.io csopif sasTi Ha rarocib, tJimb barb Ha upaBMaeriu. CTpcM.ienie o6oco6hti jyxoBHbifl cya* BHpaataiorB fioate acero Bucmia ayxoBBbia B.iacTU TepiiBiuiH ci. npaBOMi cyaa h cyaeOnua bodlihhh. IlHsmee aysoBea- CTBO H MOHaCTbipiI, HanpOTHB’b, HaxOAHTT. MOCKORCKlB CyAB BeCbMa BH- rojHJJMTb xaa ce6a. Oh-h totobh, HMlu-rt cb iipoaiiMB 3excTB0MB, uo- TBHyTb cyaoKi. h jaHb» „no 3eMafi h Boji“ , hbb Tasace Kant o<5uih- mhb bhtoaho H3(iaBHTbca otb cyAa ofl.iacTHaro—6yab bto cy*B Ha- MicTHHKa i n enHCKona. Ho Majo-no-Majy cocJOBHoe c03Hanie jyxo- BeHCTBa o6pa8yerca a pocTeTB.N06ocodaeHie apyraxt K.iaccoBBpyccaaro ofimecTBa, jjpapymeHio npeacHaro sexcicaro CTpoa, pacDpex'fc.ieHie bcI xb pyccKHXB aiOAefi „no *iHnasn»u, npunejH jyxoBeHCTBo kb hco6xoah- mocth TBepAO oOosHaaHTb CBoe no.ioatenie bb KaaecTB-fc cocAoein. Ilpeaue, onpeA'luaa upaBa cBHTHTeabcicaro cyxa, mo* ho Cm.to ochobubstlch acK.iioanTe.ibno Ha HepnoimuxB ycTaBaxB; Tcnepi. btoto CTajo neAO- CTaTOHHO. IIOHHTie 0 AyXOBHUXB A0.1JKB0CTBXB H6 TOJKAeCTBeHHO CB uoHHTieMB cocjiOBia. Coc.ioBie ycTaHOBAeHie catsiCKoe; H3B nepKonauxB npaBii.iB Hexbsa bubbctb hhkhbhxb cocjobhlixb onpeA'fcjeHia. Comob- hhh npaBa AyxoBeHCTBO Besjii npioCpiiajio nyT6HB iio.ihthbpceumb, coiviameHieMB, c^tjk<imh, HaKOHepB dopbfiofl (HanpuM'bpB, bb 3anajHofi Esponi) cb cb$tcboio aiacTbio. ,'lpyria coc-iOBia moivih Outb y aacB opraHH30BaHU caKHMB irpaBHTe.ibCTBOMB, h6o ohh Ch.ih npoHcxosjeBia Tarxaro, 6wiu npnniicaHH kb OTnpaB.ieHix) b3b<Ictiiuxb o6a3aHHOCTe8. JlyxOBeHCTBO ne (m o h He homo Chtb thtjumb cocaoBiexB. OpraHK- 3au;ia ero He Moraa 6uTb aLiomb oAHoro rocyAapcTBa. HDnpejixeHie cocjOBHuxB npaBB AyxoBeacTBa bo uHoroxB saBHct-io otb Hero ciuion). 9th cTpeJMenia kb cocaoBHOHy oCocoO.ieniio xyxoBeHCTBa ofiiiapy- acBjHCb aoboabho paHo: ohh _paaBiiBaiOTca phaomb cb nocTeneHBHMB o6pa30BaHicMB cocxosifl. FocvAapcTBO paOoTaen. hbab » tbmb Bonpo- cohb tkkb ace kbkb h abpkobb. TocyAapcTBo aorjo yAOBaeTBopHTb co- C.IOBHUMB HOTpefiBOCTHMB AyXOBeHCTBa TOJbKO T8KB, KBKB OHO IIOCTy- nHao cb Apyi’HHH cocjobihmh; oho Hor.io ja ib eay ocofioe yiipaweaie h oco6uB cyAB—nopyuiTb ero „OABOuy npHCTOflHOMy npHsasy”. Tass oho h nocTynmio. lOpBCAHKiua EoAbuioro jBopna dtiaa othbctb Bupa- acenieHB utoS hojhtbkh. ,lojroe apexa OHa bbojh'Ii yAOBaeiBopaxa ay- xobchctbo. Ho oho xor.io ocTaHOBETbca Ha TaKOHB pa3ptnieHiB BO-

— 414 — npixa • tojbeo BpeaeHHO. BooeiixcnlK oho jo ja a e 6 1 1 3 0 nofira. Aaxtme. PocyxapoTBO ja jo euy ocodaB eyj'B. Xopomol Ho sauofl 6y- s e n ototb cyjt—AjHOBHHfi, H.iH cBiTCKis? rocyjapciBO no.iaraio, tto ocodafi ceiKitiS cjit, ono.ilit joetaTOTeffB j m -sysoseH- CTBa. Oho HeytaoHiio raio po axoftAoporfc. HoHaciHpcsiB apHEasBtiuxB ■ jOBepmeHiens cTapoS HO.MTHKH.. Uapria HaaoHa He moms OTaaxyJo- BoaaeTBOBaTBca. BaaroAapa ocodoKy cy*y h vnpaBaeHiio, jyxoBeHCTBo: HOTao opraeWOBaTtoa Kaai, couiOBie bb tohb ace cnucai, wkb bchbob Apyroe chIIMboo cooaoBie. MeatAy rian, nyxoBencxiio (x.-e. lacTt.ero) iicsa-io ■cbohxb 'cocaoBHijx'L iipam hb toxbko bb cp'6tckhxb yBaaone- IliitXB, HO H BB HOpKOBHHXt UpaBHAaXB, BB HpaBi pepKOBHOMB. J.IH uoaHaro ero odocodxeHia, euy liyaiio duxo Bno.«it osA'taarwa ora aa-- toab CBlteKoa• aAXHHHCTpaum. Caou cyfh AOJOseHt 6hxb dura He TOXbse npocTO oarfttn cyAOHB, ho h ocoSumb dyxoemt.sa cyiovh. TaKoe paspimemo Bonpoca daxo, soHeraO, hoboctlb ixs aocaoft- caaro npaSHTeiBCTBa. Ero iipaaTiiiecKaa H'aysAaa bchbhxb rcopetH- ibckhxb yMeioniS noxHTHKa He upexBHAixa TaaorO ncxoAa. Pocyxap- ctbo HaxoAHaocB BE noxHtfinreKB 3aatnraT&ji>CTirf>, xoth iioxhthkh HaEOHa- HOXTOTOaiajacK akbho. y « e Ha CTorjaBOMb codopt iiiiauo aio CTpeHxemeAyxoBeHCTHa. Ho oho He OTpHpaAo rocyAapcTBeHHaro cva&bb npHHUHni. PocyAapeni; cyAi tju .n BHemeio HncxaHHieB;- SaTiM% Cmoutm h HasaoHuc-cducbh BBOAHTB BB HepEOBHHfi CVA’I. HaiHAR H ijlOpiIHCB%TCKarOCyAOlipOHBBOA' CTBa, bt, tomb BBAt, KauB ohh yipeiABHii CydeOmiKom. Ho Cxorja- buB codop* dH.n> aaieHieaB CKoponpexoAfflUHitB. Haiaxa ero ae npH- bhahcb, -h opHCAHKaia Bo-ttHioro ,T,Bopaa pa3BHBasacb see (Somme h demine. Bb XVTI ct. cocjobhoo coaHame xyxoBeHCTBa aohuo aoCBoeto anorea; codopB 1667 r. AOBepmtuB opraHHsanj® iyxoBOHCTBa k»bb eAHHaro cocxoBia. Pa3yn4exeH, h CipOtueHie onpeAt-iHTL CBoe mnoa;e- Hie bb rocyjapcTBt 6u.io bb oxo BpeMtr caxbHie l i m aorja iradyji,, Fopaaie npHBepseHRH „ocodHaro“ noxoateiiia pepBBH on, rocyAap- ciBa roBopaiH rpoHao. Cxohtb cpbbhhtb cdoboBhuB toiib, HanpmitpB, raxponoxHTa.KHnpiaea ob ptaaSH a nHcamaHH Hheohs, wods ydt- AhTbch, Tto ptib Hlxa'0 leub-To coBepjncaao - HoBoirp. Hhrohb, sa- npBfffepi, nepeiHMHBB bc$ HecoodpasHOCTH, no ero BsrjnAy, iHHB»iHH MoHacxHpcKHHB npHEasoicb no oxHOtrieaii) Bb AyxoBeWyrBy, BausaerB: „HHBorAa, hhbofah, HHBorAa Hhkohb hh rxaroierB, hh xoieTB. as ito dyAeib! Ho rxarojon, Hhkohb: dosecrBeHHHe saKOUu ue uOBejt- B8BTB uipCBHHi ADAHMB b03X0BteHBHJCH PoCDOAeBH odxaAaiB, ABH5H- MHMH H HeABBaHHHHH BWABUH, HHSe CyAHIH“ (dp. 93). He TOXLKO caMO AVXOBencTBo, ho h ero xpecxwnie aoxshjj bhBih hbb-hoab 3a- BtAHBaaia cb4tckoB‘ Bxacm, h AyxoBeHCTBO, KaKB HorymeciseaHaa

— 416 — KopngpMpa, aoaxho fiujo «aaxn. arfec-ro w, rooyAapcTBt h ofimecTBi. UpaBHTejiMrriio ne fiuxo nosroTOMeHO in, n u n s KOMCawmiinit. Upa e^kteiTE fipoaceBtH a oTcyrcTBiH TBepauxt Baia.it CBOeft coficTBeaHoft M«ranHcrpa«iH,. oho aoajeho 6uao yciymiTb npejt apryaeorani *y- xoBenoTBa. Bt> caaora xixb, Hobohx h ero napiia BHCTaBAJUHofimia Basaaa, noAKpinjuuu cboh TpefiosaHia npaaqiiaairH nepsoBHaro npasa, a rocy,«apcTBO homo npoTBBonoeraBHTfc HHt toabko npaKTHHy bIikobvio, - ho toaeko npasTBsy, a He ofitnee Haiaxo. „Hhkoht., roBopHTt r. Fop- iaKOBt, 6ux-b ocyaxeHt... ho ero otoubu nocxyasHAa noBOAora Kt eficyacAOHin Boupoca o MoaacTHpcsoxt npasas'S a o cb&tckoA noAcyA- hocth AyxoBCHCTBa Ha coflopfi 1667 r.“ (cTp. 9S). Cofiopt 1667 r. HoacHo pascMaTpasaTb Kant upoAo.iaceHie cofiopa 1666 r., oa soropoat 6a.n> ocyatAeat Hhkoiii,. Out ycTaHOBHA* opaBa.ia, npoTHBonojoxHua He toabko yjiooKeHito, bo a Bciwb ApoBBHin, BaiaJiaat. Ob i a) astaAt orb rpaacAaBctcaro h yroaoBHaro cyAa Bee- xvxoBeHCTBO, b) iioaihhhji, MonacTijpcKHX i, cjyrt a specTbaat oahobt pepKOBHOMy cyxy. HraKt, Hoaocmt ay bhahmt, ne in, MoHaCTupcKOMt upHKarf, a Bt erpenueHiaxt caaoro AyxoBCHCTBa. Cam aBTopt nOATBepxAaerb Hame au^Hie. „Ha nepeabny, npoasBeAeaHyio cofiopon. 1667 r., roBopart OHt, MOXHO CMOTptTb RaKt B'a A*AO UepKBH. HepKOBb, nOBHAHHOMy, coBepmeaHO onpeAlixenuo oGosHaiaja noAcyAaocTb Bt CBOeft o6xacTH H3tflTieMt AyxOBOHCTBa ora rocyAapcTBeHniixt cyxora no Bcim bo- o6me A'feJiairb rpaxAaHCKaut. Ho, BCMaTpasaacb in, acTopaiecKift boa* paBBHTi# Bonpoca, BCBOJbBO BHAHKt, ITO rOCyAapCTBO, no o6cTOHTeAb- CTBaMt HcropiH, cjfcxaAO ycTynay nepnBH“ . CoBepmeHHO cnpaseAAHBol TocyAapcTBO CAixaxo ycTynKy, h ycTynny coBepmeHHO aah aero He- oatHAaHHyio a npoTHnoptniBiiiyio Bcefi npeAmecTByioineft HCTopia. Ho Bt TaaoMt c jy ia i aBTopy h ho CAiAOBaxo bha^tb bi> yipe*AeHia MoaacTHpcKaro npaaa»a KaKorO-To noeamopcmea, u6o HOBOBBOAHTe.ieat bs cymnocT% hbahaocb ae rocyAapcTBO, a napria narpiapxa Hhbohs. Ecxh rocyAapcTBO Aiuaxo ycTymcy, to oabo ast Anyxi>: hah oho bob- BpaniaAo nepKBU to, ito HSAaRHa npBHaAAexaAO eft, hah otabbaao eft to, ito H3AaBHa spHHBAAexaAO eMy. Ha ocaoBaaia Bcixt asAoiseBHUX'b BBiine■iJiaxTom,, mu npejocTaBaaem, caaoMy laraTeAio CyAHTb, Kaxoe. H3*b Anyxt npeAnoAoaeHift- B*poaTir6e. Taat Kara ycrynxa, CAiASHBaa rocyAapcTBora, npoTHBopiiaja BciiMT, acTopniecKHMi, yc.ioBuiMt a irpeAaaiflM'b He tojj.ko CBiTcsaro oCmecTBa, ho a caaoro AyxoBeHCTRa, Taat Bara caauft npoTecra npo- THBt MonacThipcKaro npaxasa mojkho pascMaTpaBaTb KSKt a^ao oahoB iAnnn> napTin, to nocraHOBAema coSopa 1667 r. h ne npasBAHCb ra aAMHHHCTpaTHBaoft npaKTHKli. „Eabb npoinjo Tpa roAa nocxi sanpuTia co<5opa, roBoparb r. JaaTpieBt, Bara uaTpiapxt IocH^t, cara npHHH-





— 417 — BOnpocH bo bcomb hxb oGtetti, n o h coxpaHH.rfi 3a co6o8, ca$.iaB- mHCB „oco6humb“ ycTaiioBaeiiioMB. 11piimina ate, nonesty yitmeitie ucKMovumeAbHO oGpain,aen, uHHMaBie na cyaefiHyio aiaTeAbHocri.npaita3a, 3aK.ilonaeTcii bb tomb, hto oho r.iauuuMT. ofipaaoMB cydefimim, hoaoGho Cyde6Hu>cy IoaHHa IV, to.ihko ripHiin.-io 6ojio nanrnoc uaoBaiiie. ero acHO BupaacaeTca bb chmomb iibcahuih, rj;-fe roBopKTCii, hto rocynapt DOBejil^-L HamicaTb yAoncenic ji.au toto, bhto6h MocKOBcuaro rocynapcTBa bcakhxb HHHOB’b .ibacmb, otb 6o.ii.maro h ao Mem.iuaro iHHy, cydi u pocnpaea 6u.ia bo bchkhxb A ia lix t bcJ>jit, poBHa“. CipaHHO 6h„to 6u noaiOMy BCTpiTHTb bb homt. tohhijb onpe^iaeaiH <|jnHancoBofi « axuit- HHCTpaTHBIIOfi Ai»lTeAbHOCTH MoHaCTUpCKiUO lipHKaaa. Eny AOCTaTOHUO 6ujio cicasaTi., hto „MouacTUpcicoMy lipHKaay GutbocoGo11, u Kaatjuii no- HHua.iB, bb tomb a4,io. ’Pro ero 3ajaqa He orpaHHHHBaaaci. no aaaoHy oahhhb cy^OMB, bkaho H3B Toro, hto Kor^a bb 1667 r. ero cyAe6naa A’feKTe.ibHOCTb AO.TiKHa 6uja npeapaTHTLca, ohb cymecTBOBajB eme 10 jt6tb h A'bficTBOBa.n. no ApyrHMT. ocTartninMcn sa hhhb nonpocawB. Bb 1677 r. MoHacTupcitifi npnKa3B 3aKpuTB. Oto coBepniHuocb ncxix- CTBie Recbna -laKoiwiecKaro yicasa Oexopa AaeBctesHna, none.ifaimaro MouaCTupcEOHy npmtany nepejaTb bcJj cboh ,i’Iua bb upnaa3B J>ojn,inoio jlBopua, a c6opu bb Hosyo HcTnepTh. Kama 6h.ih sth Afc.ia, bhobi. uo- CTynasmia bb npuKauB Bojbinoro JlRopaa, KaKB AiftcTBOBam. ohb do AByMB BonpocaHB, Koroptre r. TopiaKOBB n36pa.11, npex»eTOMt cBoero HscaliAOBaHia? Kb coatajiiniio, ohb nafipaAB ajix CBoero cohhhchui He ucmopim BpHAHiecKHXB OTHomeHiB, a HCTopiB ycTauoBJieHia, a noTOMy cahtbotb cefia bb upaB'i cAiiaaTB 3HaqHTe.ii.Hufi nepepuBB uexny MoHacrupcBHHB npHKasoMB X V II Btaa h MoHacTupcitHMB npHaasoMB IleTpa BeaHsaio. 9to Becbua ataab. Ohb uponycTH.iB npesBH'iafiHo Baatnufi momchtb bb Hamefi HCTopia— qapcTBOBamc Oexopa AacKdiesnaa h nepBoe npena napcTBonania IleTpa’ I. Abtopb xerico motb satrtTHTb, hto MoHarcrup- CKift npHKa3B caMB no cefit He 6uxb ocoCghho bshchumb arueiiieMB, bto, HanpoTHBB, ohb HrpajB He3&BHAHym po.ib non-rt rtxB rpoMaAHuxB BonpocoBB, Koiopue eay npHiu.ioci. paapiuiaiT,. Ohb 6ujb npoH3BeAe- HieHB CTapofi npasTHKH, a euy upanooci. cTOAKHyTbca cb hokumh Tpc- 60BaHia.Mi1. ^ to crajOci. cb othmh Tpe6onaniaMH bb TeqeHio 23 jIitb, upeAinecTBOBaBiDHXB BaatHMmeft anox-6 pyccsofi HCTopiH, pei|iopMa«B IleTpa BeaHsaro? IlepeirtHM 6ujiu qpesBuqaftHO saatHua. Peipopau, 3aAyMaiiHua co- 6opoMB 1667 r., He yaa.iHCL. Ca*TCKie cvai.h npoAoaacaAH cyAHTb Ay- xobhuxt. CB MipnnaMH, cb tob toabko pa3unne«, ato BirfecTO MoHacTHp- csaro A *0CTiiOBajB, HanpHuipB, UoMtcTHufi npHKasB. IIoAroTOBJriuocb VHHqTosteHie naTpiapnrecTBa bb Poccia. H8kohchb, npn IleTpi BonpocB t. rCAXOBCKl.. T. .. »

o .nyxoBBoii ajMHHHCTpaum noxyaHAt OBOHWTejitHoe paspimieHie. ItpH next CHOBa Hawn jyfcficrBOBaTi. MoHacmpcKifi npHKast, BOTopoxy aBTopt h nocBamaert BaatH-feflmyB lacib CBoero HBCjinoBama (IV h V rxaBu). 3jicB ohi nojpoCiio yaasuBaert Ha bc-6 ciopoHU Aimaib- uocth ero, aa ocHOBaaiH tpaKTOBt, jo6pocoBicTHO cofipaHHuxt hxl bl apxHBaxt. Ho bl next cocToaaa cb«3l mou upmtasa cl npexHext? ABTopt noxaraert, ito oto Cujio ojho h to ate ynpeatAeme. Mu ate BnoxHi CK-iOHaeMca el MHtfeniio npo^eccopa AHApeescxaro, BHCEa3aH- ®>xy but, Ha AHCcyrt, hto Meajy othmh npHsasaxH hhbcio oCmaro, spout Ha3BaHia, He Chao. EcjhCl aB-ropt jipocjrfcAH.it uepeMtHH, co- sepniHBmiaca Bt npoAOXseaie xsaxuaTH Tpext a t it nocxi saspuTia MoHacrupcKaro npHKa3a, out 6u can, A'naio, yfitflaaca Bt btoki. IIpH yqpeasflemH BToporo MoHacTupcxaro npaitasa, to-ecib nocxt csiepra nocafcAHaro naTpiapxa, caxtifi nparnymt, onpeAiaHBmifi OTHomeHia rocyjapcTBa Bt aepxBH, HSMiHiuca. Toraact nocjfc CMepra naTpiapxa Ampiana, H3BfccTHUHKypfiaTOBt nacaat Tocysapio... „H36pameMt na­ Tpiapxa jyaaei noBpexeHHTb. OupexixeHie Bt cBanjenHuft mrat mobho nopyqHTt xopotneiiy apxiepe® c t mtbd yqeHHXHxoHaxann“. Ilepiojt ejHHOXHHHaro ynpaBjeHia kohhhach Hascerja; ,co6opHoe“ npaBH-rext- ctbo 6u.io uociaMeHo n o jt 6jHacaBinee saB-feiUBame cenaia h rocy- Aapa. CxfcAOBaiexbHO, pasHHna 6tua eoxtjnaa. Ciapuft MouacrapcBiS iipHKaat 6u.it npojyKTOMt BfcitoBoS npa&THSH MOCKORCEaro npaBHText- CTBaHCOOTBtfeTCTBOBa.ltTOl'AaiHHHKt OTHOlHeHiaXL pcpBBH HTOCyWpCTBa. MoHacTupcKift npHKa3t BpeueHt neipa I yjouxeiBOpaxt hohhhl no- TpedHOCTHHt rOCyjapCTBa H COOTBfcTCTBOBaAL BHA0H3X$HHBlnHMCa OTHO- memaxL nepKBH h rocyxapcTBa. B t HojpoSnocraxt ohl Tanase otxh- aaeTca otl npeaHaro npnKa3a. npexHiii npHKast He sacaaca naTpiapmeS ofixacTH. HanpoTHBi^HBBt, yqpeajaaiiiiS MocKoncSifl upaKacb 1701 ro», noBej-feBa.it: .flout cBarfefiifta'ro hafrpiapia hjoauatb apxiepeScsie hho- HacTupcKia ffexa BtfexaTL6oapaHy HBaHyAxeacieBHnyMycHHy-IIyinKHHy, a c t hhhl y ifcxt xi-it 6utb Ataxy Etfeauy 3oTOBy, u CHAiTbiia Ha- TpiapmeMt Asopi at naaaTaxt, rxfe 6uxt HaTpiapinifi Paspaflt, a lra- caTb MoHacTupcKHHt npHxaaoirb, a Bt npHEaat Bo.ibmoro flaopna xo- HacTupcxHxt A'fejt He B-fejaTb H npeKHia Aixa orocaaTb Bt toil *e upHxaat\". HoBoxy MoHacTtipcKoxy npHsaav uopyiaxitcb, cxtAOBaTexbHo, He ToxbKo npeiMera, BixaBniieca Bt BoxbmoMt ^Bopipfe, hoh t4, koh BiAaxHCb Bt uaTpiapnraxt npiuta3axt. j(ixo npBHaxo jfeSeTBHTexbHO hobuA o6oport. CoofipasHo sToxy, h caMaa A-feaTextiiocTt HOBaro npH- xa3a Ma.10 HitfeeTt cxoACTBa c t AiaTeJtHOCTtD npesHaro. IlpeamS npHKast He Hirfcxt HHxaKHxt CTpeMxeHii Bt ceKyxapH3aniH AyxoBHUXt HMymecTBt, xoth h nsrfe.it iia jt hhhh npaBO aonipoxa. Oahob H3t rxaBH-feiiniHxi uixeS HeTpoBCKaio npnsa3a 6uxa hmchho cexyaapHsa-

— 419 — uia AyxoBnuxx nMynj.ecTii'1,. ,B,ja aero Kerpy Hyamu 6h„th uepKOBHua HMymeCTBa, jiyinie ocero stoacno o6xhcbhti> cjiowimh caMoro asTopa. „rocy,napcTBeHnHxs iiyatAx bx kohu.1i XVII sisa , aoTopua aoraa 6u noapbiTbca aoxo^smh cx ijepKORHUxx auymecTBX, 6u m oiern. aobohliio. Oah-6 BofiHN, KOTOpuxx, no cjioiiaMi. IleTpa, „apTepia—Aeni.ru“ , ipe- fioBaaa Muoro pacxoAOBx; *a a noapuTia ace hxx bx Ka3Ht Aenerx 6h.io „ueAOCTaroino“. a ne A-*a oahoS bobhu nyaiHti Cu jh cpeyc.Tiia. ,3,oxoah c x AcpxoBHUxx HMyntecrBX cayacaaH RaacitUMX noAcnop&eax A*a Bcfexx peij)opux Ueipa BeJiHaaro. ^a.i-fee MoHacTupcsiA npuaasx X V II BiKii He aacaaca TaBHXx uoApofiHOCTefi AyxoBHofi aAMHHHCTpa- Aih, kbkx npHitaax IleTpa I (cm. cip . 169 h cj4 a-)> He HMiax tskhxx o6a3aHuocTea no OTHomeHiio bx mKOxamx, rauorpacpiairx, OaaroTBopH- TeAxuuHX 3aBeAeuiaux, bsbx noca’tAHia. Caobomx, mojkho ao Me.ibiaS- iuhxx HOApofiHOCTeft, h onaTx tukh Ca&roAapa IV h V raasaiix, iipo- caiAHTt, bx HeMx 3aKJ»qaeTca EopeHHaa paanmia MeatAy sthmhabjtim iipmcaaaMH, kochbbihmh oaho h to ace HasBaaie. M u yuasajiH cepbe3Hue, iio Hameiiy jiniBiio, neAocTaTKn TpyAa r. I’opnaEOBa. Mu yKa3a.m na hhxx cx boahoio OTEpoiieHHocTbio nnenno noTOMy, bto o6m.ee Bneiaiainie, cAiaannoe Ha uacx ero khhfoh, necbHa xoponio. Mohcho naAiaTtca, hto npa TpyAOA»6iH, AoCpocoBicr- hocth h TaaaHTi aBTOpa, c x pacmupciiieicx ero 3HaKoncTna cx »pn- AHHecKiiMH HayHaKH, ero noeAtAywnpa nscafiAOBaBia o nepKouHonx upas'll bx nepiOAX naTpiapmift a butch af.ftcTBHTeHbHOucmopuKO-topudu- tecKUMU eoiHHeHiajiH. Ho h bx HacToameMx cbocmx bha4 Monacmup- ckM npuKU3b cocTauHHeTx nojceanoe npiofipiTeme A-ia Hainefi yqeaoft AHiepaTyp u . Ko h biix I - r o toma.

O TJIA BJIE H IE . L BcryniiTcji.nan leKnjn no rocynapciBeaHOHy npaBy.............. 1 — 20 U. Q coBpeueHQOMi uuupanjeHiii rocyiapcxBennuxx Baym. . . . 21— 36 III. buciuana.HMaancTpaniaPocciaXVIII ct. nreaepaJxnpoaypopN. 37—297 BBeieaie................................................................. 89— 47 MaxepiaxH am pcijiopaa IEerpa 1 .................................. 48 — 107 Ilepiioe Bpeai pe^iopKx....................................................108— 140 HoBepmeme npeo«pa30BaHi» a renepajx-npoxypopi.............. 141 — 168 BepxoBHuB xaSaaB coain a xafiHseix........................... 166 — 191 BoaciaaoBieoie ceaaiaareaepaix-npOBypopon nopeifopax Exa- Tepunw II ■ .......................................................... 193 — Ml Bnoxa penpal, jo yipemxeui* mbbhctcpctbx........................322 — 277 yapezjieaie nnaHCTepctsi. 3asj»aeuie.............................. 278 — 298 □oioseni*.............................................................. 296 — 297 17. HcTopHiecaiB oaepsx yipesjieHia reHapaix-ryOepnaTopcTBX bx Poccia..................................................................... 299 —338 V. rocynapCTBeHiiua CTpoB apbbboBPoccin (no noBoiyKnarn B. H. CepriesHia Bine n EHaax)......................................... 339 -381 Bojocti. ........................_ ...................................... 343 — 857 OxHoraeHM m u b bojocih ...................................... 857 — 867 DpoTHBopiiia xpesnepyccxaro rocyAapcTBOBaaro 6ma . . . . 368 — 881 VI. 3db30ax asx ncxopin nepsOBHaro ynpaaxeain (no noBOjy nnara M. ropnaaoBa MOHaCTUpcniB npanaox)........................... 383 —419

COBPAHIECOTOEHlfl A. HrPA^OBCKArO SHanie oi Tpyjrt. 1 Hia muma A. A. fpddooctiaio 1S66 u TOM'!) nEPBHK. c.-nETEPEypn>. • Timorpac(>ia M. M. CTacujiaBHii, Bac. Ocip., $ ahij., a8. 1899.

IIsA&Hie coiHRemB naitofinaro npoifieccopa C.-IIeTepfiyprcsaro ynHBepcHTeTa Ajettcampa /(MHTpieBBia I’pajoBcsaro (1 8 4 1 — 1889) HMierB ryfe.ibio jaTb nepeneaaTKy BaxH'bfiumxx H3X MHoroiBCxeR- imxx ero TpyAOBX ynenaro h nyli-nmacrn'iecKaro cojepsaaia. B x tobbomx cjc u cjt noaBoe B3Aame btbxx TpyAOBX boshozho fiyjen. tojibbo noc.if. pfiaaro paja nOArOTOBHTejibBHxx pa6on., neofixo.'uiMuxx j.ia coOpaHia Bcero hmx nanacannaro a Baneaa- Tannaro. Pa6onj bth saaeflaaioTca ueatAy Hpoiaux t$ mx oficToa- TejrBCTBOMX, bto MHoria U3x nyfiJiapHCTH'ieCKiixx CTaTefi.A. JS,. I'pa- AOBCsaro noaBHjuCL bx neaarn <$esx ero nojnecB, noaesiy ywa- HOB.ieuie npaHajaeatnocTa nxx ero nepy upe,iCTaB.iaen. Hnorja nenpeojojBMua Tpy^aocTH. T 6mx Be neHte nsAaTeaa npRSBaJin CBoeBpcMennumx npndynHTb ex HSjaaiio coiHHeaifi A . Tpa- AOBCaaro bx ocoOeHHOCTu noTOiiy, mto uaoria h.ix hhxx asbho yae CTaaa CafiaiorpaifiRaecKofl p'Iijkoctmo. Bx npejnoxoateHRHXx ei. H8jaBiio Toaaxx CyAyn. noMimeau East bc-6 ofimapHEia mo- Horpaijiiu h CTaTBB Hayanaro coAepataHia, xakx b Coxtmaa lacix pa60TX nyOxapHCTBiecKaro xapaETepa, neiaiaBmaxca bx pa.tana- hhxx nepioABiecEBXX a3Aaaiaxx. Kpo&rk Toro bx oabomx B8x tomobx CyABTx npeAAOJKeHX OiorpacfaiecKiB oaepsx nOEOfiaaro upoijieccopa. B lixoax oaepEa, a Tasme nepBbixx tomobx B3Aaaia BH30BeTX, 6htx Moserx, jrhboS HBTepecx ex BTOuy yaenOMy a o6mecTBennOMy AiaTeJW h o 6 jeria ix BSAaTeaaMx TpyAX - co- CTan.ienia Aono-TnaTe-ibHbixx tomobx, rA$ A0.ranu bbSth uicro a rii CTETba, npHHaAaejEHOCTb ROTopuxx A . ,3,. TpaAOBCEOMy nosa noABepxeaa eoMHimiio. Ha6aB>Aeaie sa MacrosmnMx nsAanieMx npanaxa na ce6a asa- AeMBEx A. A . IUaxMaTOBx h npaBaTX-AopeHTX C.-Heiep6ypr- CEaro y hBBepcBTeTa 'P. A . Ba.ibiepx. llp a pacnpcAijema uaTepiaaa BSAaieaH no.ib30Ba.iacb cob$- TaMB .1 . 3 . CxoHHMCEaro, EoropoMy h npaaocaTx cbokj aCEpea- niofo SxaroAapHOCTb.

B x coerara Hacroamaro nepBaro tomb soman: 1) BcrynaTeaxHaa aeKpia no rocyAapcTBeHHOny npaey, nn- TaHHaa bx C.-IIeTepCiyprcKOMx yHBBepcHxerfe 1 0 OKTaCpa 18 66 ro.ua. HanenaTaHa bx iKypnaat MuHncrepcTBa KJcthiuh sa 18 6 6 roAX, Jf; 1 1 , HoaCpt, CTp. 2 2 3 — 240. .2) Pin t o coBpeMcnnoMx uaupaB.ieuiH rocyAapcxBenHuxx .naynx (npoH3Hecennaa na ro/iumoiix ai;rfc HvnepaTopcaaro C.-Be- TepSyprcKaro VHHBopcnTOTa, 8 ^eBpaaa 18 7 3 rOAa). HanenaTaHa bx IIpoTOBOaaxx 3acbAani9 CoBiia IlnuepaTopcsai'o C.-IIeTep- Oyprcsaro ynoBepcineTa sa nepByio ao.iOBiiiiy 1 8 7 2 — 18 7 3 a saj. roja cx npHaojaeniaMH. C.-Kexep<5yprx, 18 7 3 r., exp. 9 4— 108 . 3) Bucmaa ajManHCTpaiiia Poccin X V III ct. h renepaax- npouypopu. C.-OeTepfiyprx, Tunorpaifia IlBana BonsapeBa, 1866 r., X VI a 284 crp. h „Hoaoa!eBia“, 3 exp. 8 ° (^accepxapia Ha cxencHB uarHCTpa rocyaapCTBCHBaro npana). 4) HcxopanecRifi onepax ynpeaisenia renepa-n. ryfiepnaTopcTBX bx Poccin. Hanenaranx bx PyecEOMX BtcTHHK'S sa 1869 roAX, HoaSpx, CTp. 1— 3 1 , n Acaafipb, CTp. 396— 4 1 3 . HepenewraHX bx cfiopHHBi .nojHTHsa, HcTopia n AabiiHHCTpania“. C.-IIcTep- (Syprx h MocBBa, 1 8 7 1 r., exp. 4 1 5 —445. 5) rocyaapcTBeanafi crpoB jpeBnefi Poccin. „Bbne a Knasx. PyccKoe rocyaapcTBennoe ycxpoBcrBo n ynpacaenie bo BpeueHa Baasefi PiopuBOBirneS. HcTopnnecBie onepsii B. H. Cepriesuna. Mocebb, 1867 r .“ . Hanenaxano bx\" JKypHaali MnoncrcpcTBa Ha- poanaro OpocBiipeHia sa 18 68 roAX, OBTafipx, CTp. 1 0 1 — 14 3 . nepenenaxaeo bx cfiopHasb „ IIo.ihthkii, HcTopia a AjMBHncxpa- pia“ , CTp. 50—87. 6) 3nnsojx nsx iicropin pepKOBnaro ynpaBaenia. „MoHacTup- csiB npaBa3x (16 49 — 1 7 2 5 r.). Onirrx HCxopaao-ropBAHieCBaro HSCJibiOBania Ossip. M. 1 ’opnasoBa. C.-HexepOyprx, 18 68 r .“ . Hanenaianx bx PyccBonx BbcxaaBi sa 18 6 8 toax, aBrycxx, CTp. 5 9 7—637. Hepenewranx bx cfiopHBEb „UojuTBEa, Hcto- pia b AAMHHHCTpapia“ , CTp. 88 —12 0 . Hpn nepenenaTBb yKasanHuxx npoaSBCAenifi A . A- PpaAOB- esaro Chao npn3HaHO HeofixOAHMunx acnpaBHTb, HacsoatKO bto npeACTaBaaaocx boshojehmhx, BspaBniiaca bx hhxx Tnnorpa^CBia onenaTBH u HexonnocxH bx piiTaTaxx.