6-8 Curriculum

cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\oj|md @)&& gk] fn ;/sf/ lzIff, lj1fg tyf kl| jlw dGqfno kf7\\oj|md ljsf; sG] b| ;fgfl] 7dL eStk/'

ks| fzs M gk] fn ;/sf/ lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno kf7\\ojm| d ljsf; s]Gb| ;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/' © ;jf{lwsf/ M kf7o\\ j|md ljsf; s]Gb| lj=;=+ @)&& d'b0| f M

ljifo ;\"rL ki[ 7 jm| =;= ljifoj:t' ! !@ != v08 -s_ kf7\\oj|mdsf] kl/ro tyf ;+/rgf !@ @= v08 -v_ ljifout kf7o\\ jm| dsx¿ ^$ #= gk] fnL !)# $= English !%& %= ul0ft @*) ^= lj1fg tyf k|ljlw #^! &= ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj dN\" o lzIff *= :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf



v08 -s_ kf7\\oj|mdsf] kl/ro tyf ;+/rgf != kl/ro /fi6«sf] lzIff gLlt tyf /fli6«o kf7o\\ jm| d kf| ¿kn] dfu{lgbz]{ u/]sf] lzIffsf] nIo tyf k|lj|mofcg¿' k lzIff k4lt ;~rfngsf] dn\" cfwf/sf ¿kdf kf7o\\ j|md /xs] f] xG' 5 . ljBfno lzIffsf] kf7\\oj|mdn] lglZrt sIff jf txsf] cWoog k\"/f u/]kl5 ljBfyL{x¿n] xfl;n ug]{ ;Ifdtf / tL ;Ifdtf xfl;n ugs{ f nflu ljifout ¿kdf k|fKt ugk'{ g{] l;sfO pknlAw lgwf{/0f ub5{ . kf7o\\ jm| dn] ck]lIft l;sfO pknlAw kf| lKtsf nflu l;sfO ljlw tyf kl| j|mofsf] k|of]u / ljBfyLd{ f ckl] Ift l;sfO pknlAwx¿ kf| lKtsf] ;l' glZrttfnfO{ dfub{ z{g ub{5 . o; kf7o\\ j|mddf l;sf?n] xfl;n ug{'kg]{ ;Ifdtf tyf l;sfO pknlAw / tL ;Ifdtf tyf l;sfO pknlAw kf| lKtsf nflu cfjZos ljifoj:t'nufot l;sfO ;xhLs/0f k|lj|mof / ljBfyL{ dN\" ofªs\\ gsf nflu cfjZos lgb{z] g;lxtsf] l;sfO of]hgfsf ¿kdf afnaflnsfsf] l;sfOnfO{ dfu{bz{g ug{ cfjZos kg{] tŒjx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o;df ljBfyLs{ f kj\" { l;sfO cge' j, p;sf] kl/jz] tyf k[i7e\"ld, ?lr / Ifdtf;lxt jt{dfgsf] cfjZostf cfsng u/L pgLx¿n] xfl;n ug'k{ g{] 1fg, l;k, clej[lQ;lxtsf ;Ifdtfx¿ ;dl] 6Psf] 5 . o;df kf7\\ojm| d sfofG{ jog ofh] gf tyf kf7o\\ jm| d sfof{Gjogsf] dN\" ofª\\sg u/L ;d;fdlos ;w' f/ tyf kl/dfh{gsf nflu dfu{lgb]{z ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6«o kf7o\\ j|md k|f¿k, @)&^ n] lglbi{ 6 u/s] f l;4fGt tyf cfwf/nfO{ ljrf/ u/L cfwf/e\"t txcGtu{t sIff ^–* sf] of] kf7\\oj|md tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . o; kf7\\ojm| ddf lzIffsf /fli6o« p2Z] o, ljBfno lzIffsf] txut ;+/rgf, ljBfno lzIffsf] kf7o\\ j|md ;+/rgf, cfwf/e\"t lzIffsf txut ;Ifdtf -sIff ^–*_ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o;df l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ljlw tyf k|lj|mof, ljBfyL{ d\"Nofª\\sg, dfWod efiffsf] 5gf]6, kf7o\\ jm| d sfofG{ jog of]hgf tyf kf7\\oj|md dN\" ofªs\\ g, kl/dfh{g / ;'wf/sf] k|lj|mof klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . @= kf7o\\ j|md kl/dfhg{ sf] ;Gbe{ / cfl} rTo kf7o\\ jm| dsf] ljsf;, kl/dfhg{ tyf cBfjlws ug{] sfo{ lg/Gt/ rln/xg] k|ljm| of xf] . cWoog cg';Gwfgsf glthfx¿, ljBfyL,{ lzIfs tyf cleefjsx¿, ljleGg ;ª3\\ ;:+ yf / k];f;Fu cfa4 ;ª3\\ ;ªu\\ 7g, /fhgLltsdL,{ ;\"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dfWod / gful/s ;dfhaf6 kf7\\ojm| dnfO{ ;fGbles{ agfpg ;sf/fTds ;Nnfx tyf ;e' mfj kf| Kt xbF' } cfPsf 5g\\ . 1fgsf] lj:tf/ tyf l;hg{ f, k|ljlwdf cfPsf] kl/jtg{ , /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s Ifq] df cfPsf] kl/jt{g, ljBfyLx{ ¿df ljsl;t xg' 'kg{] l;kx¿nufot cfhsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds ljZjsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ kf7\\oj|mddf ;dofgs' \"n kl/dfhg{ ug'{ cfjZos 5 . oxL cfjZostfnfO{ bl[ i6ut u/L ljBfno txsf nflu /fli6«o kf7o\\ jm| d k|f¿k, @)&^ tof/ ePsf] 5 . /fli6o« kf7\\ojm| d k|f¿kn] l;sfOnfO{ hLjgf]kofu] L / ;do;fkI] f agfpg kf7\\oj|md kl/dfhg{ sf] cfjZostf cfN}F ofPsf] ;Gbed{ f cfwf/e\"t txcGtu{t sIff ^–* sf nflu of] kf7o\\ j|md tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfndf ljBfno txsf] kf7\\oj|md kl/dfhg{ o;¿kdf ug'{sf cfl} rTo lgDgcg;' f/ 5g\\ M cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\oj|md, @)&& 1

-s_ kf7\\oj|mdsf l;4fGt, dfGotf, :j¿knufot lzIffsf p2]Zo;d]tnfO{ k'g/jnf]sg u/L kf7\\ojm| ddf ;fdlos ljifoj:t' ;dfjz] ug{ -v_ g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs ;ª3\\ Lo u0ftGqn] nlIft u/]sf] ljsf;, ;dtf, :jtGqtf / :jfledfgsf] clejl[ 4df ;xofu] k¥' ofO{ lhDdj] f/ gful/s tof/ ug{ -u_ 1fg, lj1fg tyf kl| jlwdf ePsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/n] l;h{gf u/s] f cj;/ tyf rg' ft} Lx¿;fk]If ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] dfu / :yfgLo ;Gbe{sf] ;Gtn' g;lxt :yfgLo cfjZostfsf] ;Daf]wg ug{ -3_ Jojxf/sz' n l;kx¿nfO{ l;sfO kl| jm| ofdf PsLs[t u/L kf7o\\ j|mddf tL l;kx¿;Fu ;DalGwt ;Ifdtfx¿ pNn]v u/L l;sfOnfO{ hLjg;fk]If agfpg -ª_ l;sfOsf gjLgtd l;4fGt, ljlw tyf kl| j|mofx¿ k|ofu] u/L l;sfOnfO{ afnsl] Gb|t agfO{ afnaflnsfsf] /rgfTds Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ -r_ ljBfyL{ dN\" ofª\\sgnfO{ l;sfO ;xhLs/0f kl| j|mofsf] cleGg cª\\usf ¿kdf ljsf; u/L kT| os] ljBfyL{sf] Go\"gtd l;sfO ;'lglZrt xg' ] u/L l;sfO:t/ jl[ 4sf nflu ;xof]u k¥' ofpg #= kf7\\oj|md ljsf; tyf kl/dfhg{ k|lj|mof ljleGg cWoog cg';Gwfgx¿sf ;Da4 ;'emfj, 1fg, lj1fg tyf k|ljlwdf ePsf] ljsf; tyf kl/j{tg / ;dfhsf] cfjZostf tyf ck]Iffsf] ljZni] f0f;d]tsf cfwf/df o; kf7\\ojm| dsf] ljsf; k|f/De ul/Psf] lyof] . o; j|mddf /fli6«o kf7\\oj|md k|f¿k, @)&^ n] lglbi{ 6 u/]sf dfGotf tyf l;4fGtx¿nfO{ cfTd;ft ul/Psf] 5 . cfwf/e\"t tx -sIff ^–*_ sf] of] kf7o\\ j|md ljsf;df lgDglnlvt kl| j|mof cjnDag ul/Psf] lyof] M -s_ /fli6o« kf7o\\ j|md kf| ¿k, @)&^ n] ljBfno txsf] kf7o\\ j|md kl/dfh{gsf] cfjZostf b]vfPsf] ;Gbed{ f pSt k|f¿kn] k|:t't u/s] f] kf7\\ojm| dsf] ;+/rgf tyf cfwf/e\"t l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t eO{ kf7o\\ j|md ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . -v_ kf7o\\ j|md ljsf; sG] b|sf ;DalGwt ljifo ;ldlt tyf ljifout zfvfx¿n] kf| Kt ;'emfj tyf cfkm\\gf] cWoog tyf cge' jdf cfwfl/t eO{ kf7o\\ j|md ;'wf/sf nflu klxrfg u/]sf kIf tyf If]qx¿nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ dflgPsf] lyof] . -u_ :ynut cWoog, lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cleefjs tyf cGo ;/fs] f/jfnfx¿af6 k|fKt / cGo ljleGg dfWodaf6 kf7o\\ j|md ljsf; s]Gb|nfO{ kf| Kt ePsf /fo;'emfjnfO{ ;d]t ljZni] f0f ul/Psf] lyof] . -3_ ;DalGwt ljifo ;ldlt, lzIfs tyf ljzi] f1x¿sf] ;n+ Ugtfdf ljleGg ljifoIf]qdf ljBfyLn{ ] xfl;n ugk{' g{] txut ;Ifdtf tyf ljifout l;sfOsf If]q / l;sfO pknlAwsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . -ª_ txut ;Ifdtf tyf ljifout l;sfOsf If]q / l;sfO pknlAwsf] kf| /lDes d:ofb} fnfO{ lzIfs, ljifo lj1 tyf ljleGg lj1x¿ ;lDdlnt sfo{zfnfdf k|:t't u/L g]kfn tyf s]xL cGo dn' 'ssf] cEof;sf] ;dLIff / ;dfhsf ckI] ff tyf ljBfyL{sf cfjZostfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f;d]tsf cfwf/df txut ;Ifdtf / ljifout l;sfO pknlAwdf cfjZos 2 cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ j|md, @)&&

kl/dfhg{ ;lxt txut ;Ifdtf tyf ljifout l;sfOsf If]q / l;sfO pknlAwsf] kl/dflh{t d:ofb} f tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . -r_ lzIfs, ljifolj1 tyf ljz]if1x¿sf] sfo{zfnfn] ljifout ;Ifdtf, l;sfO pknlAw tyf ljifoj:ts' f] d:ofb} f tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . -5_ kf7o\\ j|mdsf] ljifout d:of}bf lzIfs sfo{zfnfaf6 k|fKt ;e' mfjnfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L ljifo ;ldltx¿sf 56' \\6f5'6\\6} a7} saf6 clGtd ¿k lbOPsf] lyof] . -h_ ljifo ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] kf7o\\ j|mdsf] d:of}bfnfO{ If]q / j|mdnufotsf kIfx¿ kg' /jnf]sg u/L ;dGjo tyf ;Dkfbg ;ldltn] :jLsl[ tsf nflu /fli6o« kf7\\oj|md ljsf; tyf dN\" ofªs\\ g kl/ifb\\df k;] ug{ u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df kf7\\oj|md ljsf; sG] b|n] :jLsl[ tsf nflu /fli6o« kf7\\oj|md ljsf; tyf d\"Nofªs\\ g kl/ifbd\\ f k]; u/]sf] lyof] . $= kf7o\\ jm| d ljsf;df cjnDag ul/Psf l;4fGtx¿ ;jf{ª\\uL0f afnljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ljrf/ u/L afnsl] Gb|t l;sfO l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t eO{ ljsf; ul/Psf] of] kf7o\\ jm| dn] d\"ntM /fli6«o kf7\\oj|md kf| ¿k, @)&^ df pNn]v ul/Psf l;4fGtx¿nfO{ g}] kf7\\oj|md ljsf;sf l;4fGtsf ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 . kf7o\\ jm| dsf] ;/+ rgf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 eg] hLjgf]kof]uL tyf Jojxf/s'zn l;kx¿;dt] PsLs[t ul/Psf] 5 . of] kf7\\oj|md ljsf; ubf{ g]kfnsf ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts tyf eflifsnufotsf ljljwtfnfO{ ;dfjz] ul/g'sf ;fy} :yfgLo cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t 9frF f cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 . o; kf7o\\ j|mddf gk] fnL d\"No / dfGotf tyf kj\" Lo{ 1fgsf] kl| tlglwTjsf ;fy} ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutf, sfo{ tyf vf]hnfO{ hf8] lbOPsf] 5 . kf7\\oj|mdnfO{ ;Ifdtfdf cfwfl/t agfpg sIff ^–* sf txut tyf ljifout ;Ifdtfx¿ klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . %= ljBfno lzIffsf] /fli6«o p2Z] o /fli6«o kf7o\\ j|md kf| ¿k, @)&^ cg;' f/ ljBfno lzIffsf /fli6o« p2Z] ox¿ lgDgfg;' f/ x'g] 5g\\ M -s_ kT| os] JolStdf cGtlgl{ xt k|ltef k:| km'6g u/L JolStTj ljsf; ug{] -v_ ;ª\\3Lo nfs] tflGqs u0ftGqsf dN\" o tyf dfGotfk|lt k|lta4, /fi6« / /fli6«otfk|lt akmfbf/, :jfledfgL, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:sl[ ts ljljwtfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug,]{ rl/qjfg\\, g}ltsjfg\\ Pjd\\ lhDdj] f/ gful/s tof/ ug{] -u_ >dk|lt ;Ddfg Pjd\\ ;sf/fTds ;f]r ePsf, /fh] uf/ tyf :j/fh] uf/pGd'v, pTkfbgzLn, pBdzLn / l;ko'St gful/s tof/ ug{] -3_ JolStsf] ;fdflhsLs/0fdf ;xofu] ub}{ ;fdflhs ;b\\efj tyf ;lxi0f'tf / /fli6o« Pstf ;b' [9 ug{ ;xof]u k¥' ofpg] -ª_ k|fsl[ ts tyf /fli6«o ;Dkbf / kofj{ /0fsf] ;/+ If0f, ;j+ w{g / ;bk' of]u ub{} lbuf] ljsf;df ofu] bfg ug]{ ;rt] gful/s tof/ ug]{ -r_ kT| os] JolStdf zflGt, dfgj clwsf/, ;dfgtf, ;dfjl] ztf / ;fdflhs Gofosf dfGotfcg¿' ksf] cfr/0f ljsf; u/L ;dtfd\"ns, ;dfjz] L, Gofok\"0f{ / ;dfhjfbpGdv' cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\ojm| d, @)&& 3

/fi6« lgdf{0fdf d2t ug]{ -5_ /fli6o« tyf cGt/f{li6o« :t/df kl| t:kwL,{ cfwl' gs ;r\" gf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw ko| f]u ug{ ;Sg] ljZjkl/jz] ;'xfpbF f] bIf hgzlSt tof/ ug{] -h_ j}1flgs cjwf/0ff, tYo, l;k, l;4fGt tyf k|ljlwsf] k|ofu] ug{ ;Sg] j1} flgs ;e' ma'em ePsf / vf]h tyf cg';Gwfgd'vL hgzlSt tof/ ug{] -em_ /rgfTds tyf ;dfnfr] gfTds lrGtg ug,]{ hLjgfk] of]uL l;k ePsf, ;lxi0f' / eflifs ;Ifdtfdf lgk0\" f{ gful/s tof/ ug{] -`_ gk] fnL df}lns snf, ;:+ sl[ t, ;fG} bo{, cfbz{ tyf jl} zi6o\\ x¿sf] ;/+ If0f, ;j+ wg{ / lj:tf/tkm{ clek|l] /t eO{ g]kfnL klxrfgk|lt uf}/j ug]{ gful/s tof/ ug{] -6_ hnjfo' kl/jtg{ tyf kf| sl[ ts Pjd\\ dfgj l;lh{t ks| f]kkl| t ;r]t /xL ;Defljt hf]lvd Go\"gLs/0f tyf ljkb\\ Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Ifd gful/s tof/ ug{] -7_ ;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t ;d[4 /fi6« lgdf0{ fsf lglDt cfjZos dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; ug]{ ^= ljBfno lzIffsf] txut ;+/rgf cfwf/e\"t txsf] sIff ! df k|j]z ug'{kj\" { ! jifs{ f] k|f/lDes afnljsf; tyf lzIffsf] Joj:yf x'g] 5 . /fli6«o kf7o\\ j|md k|f¿k, @)&^ n] ljBfno lzIffnfO{ cfwf/e\"t / dfWolds u/L bO' { txdf afF8]sf] 5 . ljBfno lzIffsf] ;+/rgfdf sIff ! bl] v * ;Dd u/L cf7 jif{ cjlwsf] cfwf/e\"t lzIff / sIff ( bl] v !@ ;Ddsf] rf/ jif{ cjlwsf] dfWolds lzIff sfod ul/Psf] 5 . dfWolds lzIff ;fwf/0f, kf| ljlws tyf Jofj;flos / k/Dk/fut u/L tLg wf/sf] xg' ] 5 . dfWolds lzIffsf] k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos wf/tkm{ yk Ps jif{ cjlwsf] Jofjxfl/s cEof; (Apprenticeship) ;d]l6g] 5 . l;sf?sf] pd/] , l;sfO Ifdtf:t/ tyf afndgf]lj1fg ;dt] nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ljBfno lzIffsf] txut / sIffut ;+/rgf lgDgadf]lhd lgwf/{ 0f ul/Psf] 5 M tflnsf ! M ljBfno lzIffsf] txut / sIffut ;+/rgf ljBfnosf] tx sIff pd]/ ;d\"x l;sfO Ifdtf:t/ kf| /lDes afnljsf; k|f/lDes afnljsf; tyf $ jif{ tyf lzIff lzIff cfwf/e\"t sIff !– # % bl] v & jif{;Dd tx ! sIff $ – % * b]lv ( jif{;Dd tx @ sIff ^ – * !) b]lv !@ jif{;Dd tx # dfWolds sIff ( – !) !# b]lv !$ jif;{ Dd tx $ 4 cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\oj|md, @)&&

sIff !! – !@ !% bl] v !^ jif;{ Dd tx % &= ljBfno lzIffsf] kf7\\ojm| d ;/+ rgf ljBfno txsf] kf7\\ojm| d ;+/rgf lgDgfg';f/ /xs] f] 5 M &=! k|f/lDes afnljsf; tyf lzIffsf] kf7o\\ jm| d ;+/rgf tflnsf @ M kf| /lDes afnljsf; tyf lzIffsf] kf7o\\ j|md ;/+ rgf j|m=;=+ l;ksf If]qx¿ l;kx¿ jflif{s ;do -306fdf_ != cfwf/e\"t l;k -s_ zf/Ll/s l;k l;sfOsf If]q -v_ ;+j]ufTds l;k -u_ ;fdflhs, ;f:+ s[lts / g}lts l;k #*$ -3_ afl} 4s tyf dfgl;s l;k -ª_ :jf:Yo, kf]if0f, ;'/Iff / jftfj/0f l;k -r_ l;hg{ fTds l;k @= ljifout l;k -s_ eflifs l;k l;sfOsf Ifq] -v_ k\"ju{ l0ftLo l;k -u_ b[Zosnf, sfot{ l/sf / l;hg{ zLntf !(@ -3_ j/k/sf] jftfj/0f -ª_ ;fdflhs l;k hDdf %&^ -pkoS{' t tflnsfdf plNnlvt lj|mofsnfk / ;doafx]s dgf]/~hg ljm| ofsnfk, afxo\\ vn] / cf/fd ug{] ;do u/L sDtLdf b}lgs ! 306fsf b/n] jif{el/df @%^ 306f;Dd jflifs{ ;do yk x'g ;Sg] 5 ._ &=@ cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\\ojm| d ;/+ rgf tflnsf # M cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\\ojm| d ;/+ rgf jm| = ;= ljifo;DaGwL ljm| ofsnfk kf7o\\ 306f jflif{s sfo{306f != eflifs l;k ljsf;;DaGwL ljm| ofsnfk % !^) -g]kfnL_ @= eflifs l;k ljsf;;DaGwL lj|mofsnfk $ !@* cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ j|md, @)&& 5

-cª\\u|h] L_ #= ul0ftLo l;k ljsf;;DaGwL lj|mofsnfk $ !@* $ cfkmg\\ f] ;]/f]km/f;] DaGwL 1fg, l;k tyf * @%^ clejl[ Q -;fdflhs cWoog, tyf l;hg{ fTds snf, lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff;DaGwL ljm| ofsnfk_ %= dfte[ flifs l;k÷:yfgLo ljifoj:t';DaGwL % !^) lj|mofsnfk hDdf @^ *#@ -k7gkf7g ;~rfngsf nflu pkof]u ePsf] @^ 306fsf] ;dofjlwnfO{ ! kf7o\\ 306f (Credit hour) dflgPsf] 5 ._ plNnlvt ;/+ rgfsf cfwf/df kf7\\oj|md lgdf{0f tyf ubf{ lgDglnlvt kIfx¿ ;dfjz] ul/g] 5M 1. eflifs l;kcGtu{t ;'gfO, af]nfO, k9fO, nv] fO l;ksf] ljsf;, zAbe08f/, cfwf/e\"t ;~rf/ l;ksf] ljsf; h:tf kIfx¿df Wofg lbOg] 5 . ul0ftLo l;kcGtu{t ;ª\\Vof / cª\\ssf] cjwf/0ffsf ;fy} Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo 1fg tyf Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo l;ksf] ljsf; / ko| f]udf Wofg lbOg] 5 . 2. lj1fg, :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff;DaGwL lj|mofsnfkx¿cGtut{ j}1flgs ;f]r tyf l;ksf] ko| f]u, lj1fg, jftfj/0f, :yfgLo kofj{ /0f, :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff, kl| jlw cflb l;sfOsf Ifq] cGtu{t kg{] ljifoj:tx' ¿;Fu ;DalGwt ljm| ofsnfkx¿ ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 . 3. ;fdflhs cWoog, rfl/lqs ljsf; tyf l;h{gfTds snf;DaGwL lj|mofsnfkcGtu{t ;fdflhs d\"No / dfGotf, rfl/lqs ljsf;, l;h{gfTdstf, snf / ;+:sl[ t, hLjgf]kof]uL l;k tyf ;\"rgf / ;~rf/ kl| jlw cflb l;sfOsf If]qcGtu{t kg{] ljifoj:tx' ¿;uF ;DalGwt lj|mofsnfk ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 . 4. :yfgLo ljifocGtut{ dft[efiff, :yfgLo Oltxf; tyf ;:+ s[lt, ;+:st[ efiff / :yfgLo 1fg, l;k, snf tyf kl| jlwdf cfwfl/t ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ljm| ofsnfk kg]{ 5g\\ . l;h{gfTds l;k ljsf;;DaGwL ljm| ofsnfknfO{ cGo ljifoIfq] sf lj|mofsnfkx¿;Fu klg ;DalGwt u/fpgk' g]{ 5 . :yfgLo ljifosf] kf7o\\ jm| d / kf7o\\ ;fdu|L ljBfnon] :yfgLo lj1, cleefjs tyf :yfgLo txsf] ;xof]u / ;dGjodf ljsf; u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' kg]{5 . 5. ;+:s[t, u?' s'n, uD' af÷ljxf/, db;f,{ ls/ft d'Gwd' h:tf k/Dk/fut lzIff k4ltsf xsdf g]kfnL / ;fdflhs ljifoafxs] cGo ljifox¿ k/Dk/fut lzIff k4ltcg';f/ cg'sn\" g / ljsf; u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] 5 . 6 cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\ojm| d, @)&&

6. ;+:st[ tyf k/Dk/fut lzIfftkm{sf] sIff !–# nfO{ PsLs[t l;4fGtcg¿' k ;fwf/0f lzIff ;/xsf] lzIff kb| fg ul/g] 5 . o; lzIffdf dft[efiffsf ;6\\6fdf ;DalGwt efiff -;+:st[ /rgf, ef6] efiff, c/l] as / pb{\" efiff, lnDa\" efiff cflb_ sf kf7o\\ j|md / kf7\\o;fdu|L sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 . 7. lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f, ;fdflhs cWoog, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff / l;h{gfTds snf ljifonfO{ cGt/ljifos 9fFrfsf] kf7\\oj|mdsf ¿kdf xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] ljifoIfq] df ;dfjz] u/L ;dud| f ul0ft, g]kfnL efiff, cª\\u]|hL efiff / xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] ljifoIf]qnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L ax'ljifos 9frF fsf] PsLst[ kf7\\oj|md ljsf; ul/g] 5 . To;} u/L sIff !–# sf ljBfyLs{ f nflu cfjZos x'g] Jojxf/s'zn l;kx¿nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ;a} ljifoIfq] / sIffdf PsLs[t ul/g] 5 . &=# cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff $–%_ sf] kf7\\ojm| d ;+/rgf tflnsf $ M cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff $–%_ sf] kf7\\ojm| d ;/+ rgf jm| = ;= ljifo kf7\\o306f jflif{s sfo3{ 06f != g]kfnL % !^) @= cªu\\ h]| L % !^) #= ul0ft % !^) $ lj1fg tyf k|ljlw % !^) %= ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj d\"No lzIff % !^) ^= :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf # (^ &= dft[efiff jf :yfgLo ljifo $ !@* hDdf #@ !)@$ plNnlvt ;/+ rgfsf cfwf/df kf7\\oj|md lgdf{0f ubf{ lgDglnlvt kIfx¿ ;dfjz] ul/g] 5 M eflifs ljifocGtut{ ;'gfO, afn] fO, k9fO, n]vfO l;ksf] ljsf;, zAbe08f/, cfwf/e\"t ;~rf/ l;k, cleJolSt l;ksf] ljsf; h:tf kIfx¿df Wofg lbgk' b5{ . ul0ftcGtu{t ;ª\\Vof / cªs\\ sf] cjwf/0ffsf ;fy} Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo 1fg tyf l;ksf] ljsf; / ko| f]udf Wofg lbg'kb{5 . lj1fg tyf kl| jlw lzIff;DaGwL lj|mofsnfkx¿cGtu{t j}1flgs ;f]r tyf l;ksf] k|of]u, lj1fg, jftfj/0f, :yfgLo kof{j/0f, ;\"rgf / ;~rf/ kl| jlw cflb l;sfOsf Ifq] cGtu{t kg{] ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 . ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd\"No lzIffcGtu{t g]kfnsf] efu} f]lns, ;fdflhs tyf Pl] txfl;s kIf, ;fdflhs d\"No / dfGotf, rfl/lqs ljsf;, snf / ;+:sl[ t, hLjgfk] of]uL l;k, gful/s r]tgf cflb ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 . :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snfcGtu{t zf/Ll/s tGb?' :tL, :j:ys/ afgL, ;/;kmfO / cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\ojm| d, @)&& 7

hLjgfk] of]uL l;k, l;h{gfTdstf cflb;uF ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 . l;hg{ fTds l;k ljsf;;DaGwL lj|mofsnfknfO{ cGo ljifoIfq] sf lj|mofsnfkx¿;Fu klg ;DalGwt u/fpg'kb{5 . :yfgLo ljifocGtut{ dft[efiff, :yfgLo Oltxf; tyf ;:+ s[lt, ;+:s[t efiff / :yfgLo 1fg, l;k, snf tyf kl| jlwdf cfwfl/t ljifo;uF ;DalGwt lj|mofsnfk kg{] 5g\\ . :yfgLo ljifosf] kf7o\\ jm| d / kf7\\o;fdu|L ljBfnon] :yfgLo txsf] ;xofu] / ;dGjodf :yfgLo lj1 tyf cleefjssf] ;+nUgtfdf ljsf; u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] 5 . ;:+ s[t tyf k/Dk/fut lzIffcftu{t cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff $–%_ nfO{ ;fwf/0f lzIff;/xsf] lzIff k|bfg ul/g] 5 . o;cGtut{ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN\" o lzIff ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ljifoIfq] nfO{ cfjZostfsf cfwf/df yk36 u/L o; lzIffsf kf7\\o;fdu|LnfO{ ;Gbe{ / cf}lrTosf cfwf/df cgs' \"ng ul/g] 5 . dfte[ fiffsf ;6\\6fdf ;DalGwt efiff -;+:s[t /rgf, ef]6 efiff, c/l] as / pb\"{ efiff, lnDa\" efiff OToflb_ sf kf7\\oj|md / kf7o\\ ;fduL| sfofG{ jog ul/g] 5 . u?' sn' lzIfftkm{ :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf ljifosf ;6\\6fdf j]b jf gLltzf:q jf dfgjd\"No lzIff ljifo cWoog cWofkg ug{ ;lsg] 5 . db;f{ lzIfftkm{ :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf ljifosf ;66\\ fdf lblgoft ljifo cWoog cWofkg ug{ ;lsg] 5 . &=# cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ sf] kf7\\ojm| d ;+/rgf tflnsf % M cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ sf] kf7o\\ j|md ;/+ rgf ljifo jm| =;= ;fwf/0f ;+:st[ lzIff÷u?' sn' ÷jb] uf]Gkf tyf ljxf/÷ kf7o\\ 306f jflifs{ ljBf>d lzIff db;f{ lzIff sfo3{ 06f != g]kfnL gk] fnL gk] fnL % !^) @= cª\\uh]| L cªu\\ ]|hL jf ;:+ s[t /rgf cªu\\ h]| L % !^) #= ul0ft ul0ft ul0ft % !^) $= lj1fg tyf lj1fg tyf kl| jlw jf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw % !^) kl| jlw ;+:s[t Jofs/0f !^) %= ;fdflhs ;fdflhs cWoog tyf ;fdflhs cWoog tyf % (^ cWoog tyf dfgj dN\" o lzIff jf dfgj d\"No lzIff dfgj dN\" o sd{sf08 lzIff ^= :jf:Yo, ;+:st[ efiff :yfgLo ljifo jf af4} # lzIff jf ;Def]6f zf/Ll/s tyf Jofs/0f jf cGo jf l;hg{ fTds cfrf/ lzIff -lblgoft_ jf s/' fg snf -c/]las_ 8 cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\oj|md, @)&&

&= dfte[ fiff jf jb] jf gLlt zf:q ef6] efiff jf kfnL $ !@* :yfgLo ljifo efiff jf ;:+ s[t jf jf ;+:s[t cGo efiff jf pb\"{ efiff efiff hDdf #@ !)@$ b|i6Jo M -!_ :yfgLo ljifocGtut{ dfte[ fiff, :yfgLo snf, ;:+ s[lt, ;+:st[ efiffsf] 1fg, l;k / kl| jlw k];f tyf Joj;fo cledv' Ls/0f;DaGwL ljifoj:t;' d]t ;d]6\\g ;lsg] 5 . -@_ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd\"No lzIff ljifonfO{ ;:+ s[t lzIff ljifosf] ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;d]t cgs' \"ng u/L ;DalGwt efiffdf g} k7gkf7g ug{ ;lsg] 5 . &=$ cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ ;Ifdtfx¿ cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ sf ;Ifdtf b]xfoadf]lhd x'g] 5g\\ M 1. bz] kd|] Pjd\\ /fli6«o Pstfsf] efjgfsf] ljsf; 2. nfs] tflGqs dN\" o dfGotf / ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; / ljljwtfkl| t ;Ddfg 3. eflifs tyf ;~rf/ l;ksf] ljsf; / Jofjxfl/s, l;hg{ fTds Pjd\\ ;fGble{s k|of]u 4. ;r\" gf / ljrf/x¿sf] cfbfgk|bfg, ljZni] f0f tyf ;\"rgf k|ljlwsf] ;dl' rt ko| f]u 5. tflss{ tyf Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo 1fg, l;k / clejl[ Qsf] ljsf; / ko| f]u 6. j1} flgs cjwf/0ff, tYo, l;4fGt / lgodk|ltsf] lh1f;f Pjd\\ af]w / Jofjxfl/s hLjgdf k|of]u 7. g}ltstf, cg'zf;g, ;bfrf/, :jfjnDag h:tf ;fdflhs / dfgjdN\" o, dfGotf Pjd\\ rfl/lqs / gful/s u0' fsf] ljsf; 8. hg;ªV\\ of, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / lbuf] ljsf;larsf] cGt/;DaGwsf] af]w Pjd\\ Joj:yfkgd ;xof]u 9. zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tL, :j:ys/ hLjgzn} L / hLjgf]kof]uL l;k (Life skills) ljsf; 10. :yfgLo / cfwl' gs k];f, Joj;fo / k|ljlw / >dk|lt ;Ddfg tyf Jojxf/sz' n l;k (Soft skills) 11. g]kfnL snf, ;flxTo / ;+:sl[ tsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+jw{g Pjd\\ l;h{gzLntfsf] k|of]u 12. /fli6«o tyf cGt/fl{ i6o« ;fdflhs tyf ef}uf]lns kl/j]z;Fu kl/rt eO{ ljljwtf, ;be\\ fj / ;xcl:tTj afw] tyf :jLsf/ 13. bl} gs hLjgdf cfOkg{] Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿sf] klxrfg, ljZn]if0f tyf ;dfwfg (= ljBfyL{ dN\" ofª\\sg k|ljm| of ljBfno txdf ljBfyL{ pknlAw d\"Nofªs\\ gsf nflu cfGtl/s d\"Nofª\\sg kl| jm| of cjnDag u/L l;sfO ;'wf/sf nflu lg/Gt/ ki[ 7kfi] f0f k|bfg ul/gs' f ;fy} lg0fo{ fTds d\"Nofªs\\ g kl| j|mofnfO{ cjnDag u/L ljBfyLs{ f] l;sfO:t/ lgwf/{ 0f ug{'k5{ . cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\oj|md, @)&& 9

-s_ cfGtl/s d\"Nofª\\sg M cfGtl/s dN\" ofª\\sgsf] d'Vo p2]Zo ljBfyL{x¿sf] l;sfO :t/df ;'wf/ ug'{ xf] . o;sf nflu lzIfsn] ljBfyL{sf] JolStut l;sfO pknlAwsf cfwf/df k6s k6s l;sfO cj;/ k|bfg ugk{' g{] 5 . ljBfno txsf] cfGtl/s d\"Nofªs\\ gdf sIffut l;sfO ;xhLs/0fsf] cleGg cª\\usf ¿kdf ux[ sfo{, sIffsfo,{ k|of]ufTds tyf kl/of]hgf sfo,{ ;fd'bflos sfo{, cltl/St lj|mofsnfk, PsfO k/LIff, dfl;s tyf q}dfl;s k/LIff h:tf dN\" ofªs\\ gsf ;fwgx¿sf] k|ofu] ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o:tf] d\"Nofª\\sgdf ljBfyLs{ f] clen]v /fvL l;sfO cj:yf olsg u/L ;'wf/fTds tyf pkrf/fTds l;sfOaf6 ;'wf/ ug]{ kIfdf hf]8 lbOg] 5 . ljzi] f l;sfO cfjZostf ePsf ljBfyLs{ f nflu ljifo lzIfsn] g} pkoS' t kl| j|mof ckgfO{ dN\" ofª\\sg ug{'kg{] 5 . cfGtl/s d\"Nofªs\\ gsf] glthfnfO{ ljifout kf7o\\ j|mddf tf]lsPcg;' f/ clenv] Ls/0f ug'{k5{ . -v_ lg0fo{ fTds d\"Nofªs\\ g M cfwf/et\" tx -sIff ^ —*_ df lgDgfg';f/ lg0f{ofTds d\"Nofªs\\ g ug'{kg]{ 5 M -c_ cfGtl/s d\"Nofª\\sgaf6 k|fKt glthfdf cfwfl/t cfGtl/s d\"Nofªs\\ g %) k|ltzt ef/ tyf clGtd k/LIffsf] glthfsf cfwf/df %) k|ltzt ef/ lgwf{/0f u/L lg0fo{ fTds d\"Nofªs\\ g ug{'kg{] 5 . -cf_ lg0fo{ fTds d\"Nofª\\sgsf cGo cfwf/ ljifout kf7\\oj|mddf tfl] sPcg;' f/ xg' ] 5g\\ . -O_ k/LIffdf ckfª\\utf ePsf tyf ljz]if l;sfO cfjZostf ePsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sx] L vf; vf; ljifox¿df c¿ ;fwf/0f ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lbOg] k|ZgeGbf cnu k|Zg agfO{ dN\" ofªs\\ g ug{'kg]{ 5 . ljz]if cfjZostf ePsf ljBfyL{sf nflu k/LIffsf] ;do yk ug{ ;lsg] 5 . ljBfyL{ d\"Nofª\\sg ubf{ lzIfsn] ckfª\\utf ePsf / ljzi] f l;sfO cfjZostf ePsf ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu pko'St xg' ] dN\" ofªs\\ g k|lj|mof ckgfpgk' g{] 5 . !)= lzIffsf] dfWod cfwf/e\"t tx -sIff ^—*_ df lzIf0fsf] dfWod efiff ;fdfGotof dfte[ fiff, ax'efiff jf g]kfnL efiff x'g] 5 . t/ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ljBfnodf lzIffsf] dfWod b]xfoadf]lhd x'g] 5 M -s_ efiff ljifo cWoog u/fpFbf lzIffsf] dfWod ;fx] L efiff x'g] 5 . -v_ ul0ft / lj1fg tyf kl| jlw ljifosf] k7gkf7gsf] dfWod efiff cª\\u|]hL klg xg' ;Sg] 5 . -3_ u}/g]kfnL gful/sn] gk] fnsf ljBfnodf cWoog ubf{ gk] fnL ljifosf] ;66\\ f cGo sg' } efiffsf] ljifo cWoog ug{ ;Sg] / cGo ljifosf] xsdf ljifo cªu\\ |]hL jf /fh] ]sf] dfWoddf k7gkf7g ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpg ;lsg] 5 . !!= kf7o\\ j|md dN\" ofªs\\ g kf7o\\ j|mdsf] d\"Nofªs\\ gsf cfwf/ lgDgfg';f/ x'g] 5g\\ M -s_ ljBfyL{sf] pknlAw :t/ -v_ lzIfssf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg :t/ -u_ k7gkf7gdf pkof]u ul/Psf] ;do -3_ ljBfyL{sf] j}olSts tyf ;fdflhs Jojxf/ / ke| fj 10 cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ j|md, @)&&

-ª_ cleefjs tyf ;dfhsf] l;sfOkl| tsf] ckI] ff / k|ltljm| of -r_ ;/fs] f/jfnfsf] ljBfnokl| tsf] wf/0ff pkoS{' t kIfdf ;d]tsf cfwf/df k|Tos] kfFr jifd{ f kf7\\oj|mdsf] dN\" ofªs\\ g ul/g] 5 . o;f] ubf{ JolSt, kl/jf/ / ;dfhdf k/]sf] k|efj ;dt] nfO{ x]l/g] 5 . !@= kf7o\\ jm| d sfof{Gjog of]hgf /fli6«o kf7\\oj|md k|f¿k, @)&^ sf l;4fGt tyf dfu{bz{gdf cfwfl/t eO{ ljsf; ul/Psf] kf7o\\ jm| d lgDgcg';f/ k/LIf0f tyf sfof{Gjog xg' ]5 M kf7o\\ jm| d k/LIf0f tyf sfof{Gjog ofh] gf sIff zl} Ifs jif{ z}lIfs jif{ z}lIfs jif{ z}lIfs jif{ z}lIfs jif{ @)&^ @)&& @)&* @)&( @)*) ! k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog @ k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog # k/LIf0f sfofG{ jog $ k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog % k/LIf0f sfofG{ jog ^ k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog & k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog * sfof{Gjog ( k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog !) sfofG{ jog !! sfof{Gjog !@ sfof{Gjog cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\ojm| d, @)&& 11

v08 -v_ ljifout kf7o\\ j|mdsx¿ cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\ojm| d gk] fnL != kl/ro g]kfnL efiff ljBfno txsf] lzIf0fsf] dfWod, ;/sf/L sfdsfh / gk] fnL ;dfhsf] ;femf ;Dkss{ f] efiff xf] . o; b[li6n] g]kfnL efiffsf] k|of]udf Jofkstf /x]sf] 5 . k|f/lDes sIffb]lv clgjfo{ ljifosf ¿kdf k7gkf7g xg' ] gk] fnL ljifosf ljifoj:t' eflifs l;k, ks| fo{ / cleJolStdf cfwfl/t 5g\\ . ks| fo{ / cleJolStdf cfwfl/t eO{ kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{, ;fdflhs d\"NodfGotf tyf eflifs l;ksf sfod{ n\" s k|of]unfO{ ;d]t ;d]6L of] kf7o\\ j|md lgdf0{ f ul/Psf] 5 . o;df afnaflnsfnfO{ l;sfOkl| t pTk]l| /t u/fpg cfjZos kg{] 1fg, l;k / clejl[ Qut ;Ifdtf, l;sfO pknlAw, l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ljm| ofsnfk / dN\" ofªs\\ g kl| j|mofnfO{ lj:tfl/t ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . of] kf7\\oj|md ljsf; ubf{ bl} gs hLjgdf efiff k|of]unfO{ ;lhnf] kfg]{ / dflyNnf] txsf] lzIff cfhg{ ug{ cfjZos kg]{ eflifs Ifdtf ljsf; ug{] kIfnfO{ hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . o;df eflifs l;k Pjd\\ ;Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu df}lvs cGt/lj|mof, wf/0ff lgdf{0f / k:| tl' t, ;'gfO / cleJolSt, ;'gfOsf] tYo, k|ltlj|mof, ;~rf/, ;:+ s[lt, cge' l\" t, 36gf, sNkgf;Fusf] ;DaGw Pjd\\ bl[ i6sf]0f lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} k7g / afw] , n]vg cEof;, zAbe08f/sf] 1fg tyf k|of]u / sfo{dn\" s Jofs/0fsf] klxrfg / k|of]unfO{ ;d]t efiff l;sfOsf cª\\usf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . l;sfO pknlAwnfO{ ;'gfO, af]nfO, k9fO / n]vfO l;ksf cfwf/df lj:t[tLs/0f u/L eflifs l;kut kf7o\\ ef/, l;sfO ;hLs/0fsf ;Defljt sfo{snfk / ljBfyL{ dN\" ofª\\sgsf kl| jm| of lgb]z{ ub}{ Jojxf/s'zn l;knfO{ ;d]t ;dfof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . gk] fnL ljifosf] dV' o ko| f]hg eflifs l;k / l;h{gfTds Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug'{ xf] . ;'gfO / af]nfO l;k ljsf;sf nflu o;df df}lvs cGt/ljm| of, wf/0ff lgdf{0f / k:| t'lt, ;g' fO / cleJolSt, ;'gfOsf] tYo, k|ltlj|mof, ;~rf/, ;:+ sl[ t, cge' \"lt, 36gf, sNkgf;uF sf] ;DaGw Pjd\\ bl[ i6sf]0f lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . k7g / af]w, nv] g cEof;, zAbe08f/sf] 1fg tyf k|of]u / sfo{dn\" s Jofs/0fsf] klxrfg / ko| f]unfO{ ;d]t efiff l;sfOsf cª\\usf ¿kdf ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] eflifs l;ksf] ljsf;, efiffsf] z'¢ k|of]u / :t/Lo cleJolSt lzNk / Jojxf/s'zn l;k ljsf;df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . o; ljifosf] kf7\\oj|md ljsf; ubf{ ;Da¢ ;/f]sf/jfnf, ljifolj1, cleefjs / ljBfyL{sf /fo;'emfjnfO{ cfTd;ft\\ ul/Psf] 5 . ljifoj:t'sf] ;dfof]hg ubf{ g]kfnL efiff;flxTosf dn\" et\" dN\" odfGotfnfO{ Wofg lbO{ kf7o\\ jm| dnfO{ ;/n, k|fof]lus, ;do;fk]If / :t/Lo agfOPsf] 5 . o; kf7\\oj|mddf %) kl| tzt eflifs l;kut lgdf{0ffTds l;sfO / %) k|ltzt eflifs l;kut lg0fo{ fTds l;sfO xg' ] u/L 12 cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ jm| d, @)&&

ljifoj:t'nfO{ Jojl:yt ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 ljBfyL{df ;~rf/ / cleJolStsf jm| ddf efiffsf] z'¢ k|ofu] ug]{ l;k, af]w Pjd\\ l;h{gfTds Ifdtfsf] ljsf; x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . @= txut ;Ifdtf cfwf/e\"t tx -^–*_sf] cWoogkZrft\\ ljBfyL{df gk] fnL efiffsf lgDglnlvt ;Ifdtf xfl;n x'g] 5g\\ M != zAbsf] cIf/ ;+/rgf klxrfg / z¢' pRrf/0f @= ;f:+ s[lts tyf ;fdflhs ljz]iftfcg¿' k lzi6 efiffsf] k|of]u / cleJolSt #= ;\"rgfd\"ns ;fduL| tyf ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df :jfefljs k|ltlj|mof $= ;~rf/ l;k / eflifs l;sfOsf nflu ljljw 9fFrf / z}nLsf] ko| f]u %= eflifs cleJolStsf j|mddf ljZni] f0ffTds kl| tlj|mof;lxtsf] ljrf/ k|:tl' t ^= vfh] / l;sfOlarsf] ;DaGw :yfkgf u/L ljifoj:t' ljZni] f0f / dN\" ofª\\sg &= /rgfTds l;sfO tyf kT| oIf ;Dks{af6 ljrf/ lgdf0{ f / eflifs ;d:of ;dfwfg *= p2Z] o / cfzo af]wsf nflu ;fdu|L k7g / k|sfo{ut efiffsf] k|of]u (= eflifs sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf l;h{gfTds / ;dfnfr] gfTds lrGtg l;ksf] pkof]u !)= k|of]hg / kl/j]zcg';f/sf] eflifs ko| f]u #=-s_ sIffut l;sfO pknlAw -sIff ^_ ;g' fO / af]nfO l;sfO l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:t[tLs/0f pknlAw != c¿n] eg]sf, bv] s] f, ;'gs] f !=! c¿n] egs] f s'/f Wofgk\"js{ ;'Gg jf cge' j u/s] f ljifodf !=@ c¿n] egs] f s/' fdf k|ltljm| of hgfpg s'/fsfgL, 5nkmn / !=# b]vs] f, ;g' ]sf jf cge' j u/]sf ljifoj:t'sf] dfl} vs j0fg{ ug{ k|ZgfQ] / ug{ !=$ ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t eO{ s/' fsfgL tyf 5nkmn ug{ !=% ljifoj:t' ;g' s] f cfwf/df wf/0ff lgdf{0f u/L k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ @= ;Gbe{ / kl/jz] cg¿' k @=! lzi6frf/sf zAb k|of]u u/L dfl} vs cleJolSt lbg dfl} vs ;~rf/ ug{ @=@ ;Gbe{ / kl/jz] cg'¿k cfk\\mgf] ljrf/ k|:t't ug{ @=# ;Gbe{ / kl/j]z Vofn u/L bf]xf]/f] ;~rf/ ug{ #= Kff7ut ;Gbed{ f cfwfl/t #=! s'g} klg ljifoj:t' jf 36gfnfO{ ?lrkj\" s{ ;'Gg 5nkmn / cGt/ljm| of ug{ #=@ ljifoj:t' jf 36gfsf] kj\" fg{ d' fg / kZrfgd' fg ug{ #=# kf7ut ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t eO{ 5nkmn tyf cGt/ljm| of ug{ cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\ojm| d, @)&& 13

#=$ ljifoj:t', 36gf / kfqsf] klxrfg ug{ #=% ljifoj:t' jf 36gfdf ;+nUg kfqx¿sf] rl/q j0fg{ ug{ #=^ ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t eO{ df}lvs k|Zg lgdf{0f ug{ $= ;~rf/sf ljleGg dfWodaf6 $=! ;~rf/sf ljleGg dfWodaf6 k|:tt' ljrf/x¿ Wofgkj\" s{ ;G' g ljifoj:t' ;'gL kl| tljm| of $=@ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k:| tt' ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t eO{ kl| tlj|mof hgfpg hgfpg $=# ;~rf/sf ljleGg ;fwgx¿sf] k|ofu] u/L ljrf/ k:| tt' ug{ %= ljifoj:t' ;'gL To;sf] z}nL, %=! ljleGg ljifosf af/]df ul/g] JofVof Wofgkj\" {s ;G' g ;Gbz] / ;f/ atfpg %=@ ljifoj:t' JofVofsf] z}nL cgs' /0f u/L ljrf/ JoSt ug{ %=# ljifodf cfwfl/t eO{ ;+ju] fTds k|ltlj|mof lbg %=$ ljleGg ljifoj:t' / 36gfsf] ;Gbz] ux| 0f ug{ %=% ljifoj:t' / 36gfsf] ;f/ k|:t't ug{ ^= ;fdflhs, ;f:+ sl[ ts ^=! ;dfhdf kr| lnt efiff, ;:+ sl[ t / /Lltl/jfhaf/] atfpg kl/j]zsf] hfgsf/L lnglbg ^=@ ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts ljifo / kl/j]z klxrfg u/L j0fg{ ug{ / ^=# ljifoj:t' / kl/jz] cg'¿k ;fGble{s kl| tljm| of hgfpg ;fGble{s kl| tlj|mof hgfpg &= sNkgf jf oyfyd{ f cfwfl/t &=! s'g} ljifo jf 36gf ;g' /] j0fg{ ug{ eO{ JolSt / ljifoj:ts' f] j0f{g ug{ &=@ sNkgf jf oyfyd{ f cfwfl/t eO{ ljifoj:t' jf 36gfsf] lj:tf/ ug{ &=# kl/lrt JolStx¿sf] kl/ro / ofu] bfg atfpg &=$ sfNklgs JolStj[Q k|:tt' ug{ k9fO l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:t[tLs/0f != lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ ult, olt !=! kB kf7nfO{ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ jfrg ug{ / no ldnfO{ k9g\\ !=@ uB kf7nfO{ ult, olt / xfpefp;lxt jfrg ug{ !=# kf7df ko| S' t zAbx¿ z'4 pRrf/0f u/L k9\\g @=;:j/k7g / dfg} k7g u/L @=! ;dosf] Vofn u/L ;:j/k7g ug{ efjaf]w ug{ @=@ ;:j/k7gsf] ult j[l4 ug{ @=# kf7sf] df}gk7g ug{ @=$ kf7df lglxt ljifoj:ts' f] af]w ug]{ u/L k9\\g 14 cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ jm| d, @)&&

@=% dfg} jfrg ul/Psf ljifoj:t'sf af/d] f k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ @=^ kf7df lglxt efj ljZn]if0f ug]{ u/L k9g\\ #= lnlvt ;fdu|Lsf] k7gafw] #=! n]Vo ;fdu|L k9L ljifoj:t' klxrfg ug{ u/L dfl} vs kZ| gf]Q/ ug{ #=@ nV] o kf7df /xs] f kfq, kf7ut ;/+ rgf, 36gf / 36gfjm| d klxrfg ug{ #=# lgwfl{ /t kf7df cfwfl/t eO{ k|ZgfQ] / ug{ #=$ lnlvt ;fduL| k9L efj u|x0f ug{ $= Jofjxfl/s /rgfsf] ljifoj:t' $=! lr7L, lj1fkg, lgdGq0ff h:tf Jofjxfl/s /rgf ?lrkj\" s{ / 9fFrf afw] ug{ k9\\g $=@ Jofjxfl/s /rgfsf] 9fFrf / ;+/rgf af]w ug]{ u/L k9g\\ $=# lgwfl{ /t kf7sf ljifoj:t' afw] ug{] u/L k9\\g %= dl' bt| Pjd\\ ljB'tLo %=! lrq x]/L j0fg{ ug{ ;\"rgfdn\" s ;fduL| k9L ljifoj:t' af]w ug{ %=@ dl' bt| tyf ljBt' Lo ;fduL| ?lrkj\" {s k9\\g %=# d'lbt| tyf ljBt' Lo ;fdu|L k9/] ljifoj:t' tyf ;\"rgfsf af/]df k|ZgfQ] / ug{ %=$ dl' b|t tyf ljBt' Lo ;fdu|Ldf k|:t't ljifoj:t' cfjZostfg';f/ pkofu] ug]{ u/L k9g\\ ^= ljleGg ks| f/sf kf7x¿sf] ^=! kf7 k9L kf7sf] ;/+ rgf klxrfg ug{ ;/+ rgf / ;Gb]z afw] ug{ ^=@ kf7 k9L kf7ut kl/j]z klxrfg ug{ ^=# kf7 k9L kf7ut ;Gbe{ klxrfg ug{ ^=$ kf7sf] ;Gbz] afw] ug{] u/L k9g\\ n]vfO l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:tt[ Ls/0f != lglb{i6 kf7 jf cg'R5]bsf] !=! lglbi{ 6 kf7 jf cg'R5]bsf] cg'nv] g ug{ cg'n]vg / >l' tnv] g ug{ !=@ lglb{i6 kf7 jf cgR' 5b] sf] >'ltnv] g ug{ @= kf7df k|o'St gofF zAbsf] @=! kf7df k|oS' t gofF zAbsf] cy{ nV] g cy{ nV] g, zAbsf] agf6] klxrfg ug{ / jfSodf ko| fu] @=@ kf7df ko| S' t zAbsf] agf]6 klxrfg ug{ ug{ @=# gofF zAbnfO{ cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf ko| f]u ug{ @=$ kofo{ jfrL, ljk/LtfyL,{ >'lt;dleGgfyL,{ cgs' /0ffTds, ;dfjz] s, ;dfjZ] o n3'tfjfrL, ;dx\" jfrs / kfl/eflifs zAb tyf pvfg / 6'Ssfsf] ;dl' rt ko| fu] ug{ cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\ojm| d, @)&& 15

#= cfkm\"n] ;'g]sf, bv] ]sf / #=! cfkm\"n] ;g' ]sf, b]v]sf / cg'ej u/]sf 36gf jf j:ts' f] lnlvt cge' j u/s] f 36gf jf j0f{g ug{ j:ts' f] lnlvt j0fg{ ug{ #=@ ljleGg lrq / ;ª\\st] sf] j0f{g ug{ $= ;DalGwt kf7df cfwfl/t $=! ;DalGwt kf7df cfwfl/t kZ| gsf] pQ/ nV] g k|Zgsf] pQ/ nV] g $=@ ;DalGwt kf7sf 36gfx¿nfO{ l;nl;nf ldnfO{ nV] g $=# kf7df k|oS' t kfqx¿sf] ;\"rL tof/ kf/L rl/q j0f{g ug{ $=$ ;DalGwt kf7sf] ;f/ / ;Gbz] nV] g %= ljleGg kB kf7 jf /rgfnfO{ %=! lglbi{ 6 kB ljwfsf kf7 jf Znf]snfO{ uBdf ¿kfGt/0f u/L uBdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{ nV] g %=@ kB ljwfsf kf7x¿nfO{ uB 9fFrfdf kl/jt{g ug{ ^= lgwfl{ /t nV] o lrx\\g / ^=! cNklj/fd, k0\" fl{ j/fd, kZ| gjfrs / pb\\uf/ lrx\\gsf] ;d'lrt j0f{ljGof;sf] ;d'lrt k|ofu] k|of]u u/L jfSo /rgf ug{ ug{ ^=@ lgwfl{ /t j0f{ljGof;sf] pko'St ko| fu] ug{ ^=# kbofu] / kbljof]usf] ;dl' rt k|ofu] ug{ &= efifftŒjsf] ;dl' rt &=! lnªu\\ , jrg, k?' if / cfb/ ;ªu\\ lt ldn] gldns] f] klxrfg u/L k|ofu] ;lxt ;ªu\\ lt ldnfO{ jfSo tyf kf7sf] /rgf ug{ kf7 /rgf ug{ &=@ zAbjuc{ Gtu{tsf gfd, ;jg{ fd, ljz]if0f, lj|mofkb, ljm| ofof]uL, gfdofu] L, lgkft, ;+ofh] s / lj:doflbafw] ssf] pkoS' t k|of]u ug{ &=# sfn, kIf, s/0f / cs/0fsf cfwf/df jfSo tyf kf7sf] /rgf ug{ &=$ ;fdfGofy{, ;Defjgfy{ / cf1fy{sf ljm| ofkb k|of]u u/L jfSo tyf kf7sf] /rgf ug{ &=% ;ª\\s]tsf cfwf/df jfSo kl/jt{g ug{ &=^ sf/s / ljelStsf] klxrfg / k|of]u ug{ *= ljleGg ljifodf cfwfl/t eO{ *=! ljleGg ljifodf cfwfl/t eO{ lgb{l] zt /rgf tof/ ug{ :jtGq tyf lgbl]{ zt /rgf *=@ ljleGg ljifodf cfwfl/t eO{ :jtGq /rgf tof/ ug{ tof/ ug{ *=# :jtGq ¿kdf kl/lrt JolStsf] JolStj[Q tof/ kfg{ (= kf7 k9L ljifoj:t'sf] efj (=! ;DalGwt kf7sf] efjnfO{ ab'F fdf k|:tt' ug{ k|:t't ug{ (=@ kf7sf] ;Gb]z jf efjnfO{ cf/]vdf bv] fpg (=# ;DalGwt kf7sf] ;f/ n]Vg (=$ ck0\" f{ cgR' 5]b, sljtf, syf / ;+jfbnfO{ k\"/f ug{ 16 cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ jm| d, @)&&

!)= b}lgs hLjgdf cfwfl/t eO{ !)=! Jofjxfl/s n]vgcGtu{tsf lr7L, lgj]bg, ze' sfdgf, Jofjxfl/s nv] g ug{ lgdGq0f tof/ kfg{ !)=@ Odn] Dof;h] sf] ko| f]u u/L ;Gb]z k|jfx ug{ -v_ sIffut l;sfO pknlAw -sIff & _ ;'gfO / af]nfO l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:t[tLs/0f != ljleGg ljifosf] j0f{g ;'gL !=! bv] s] f, ;g' ]sf / cg'ej u/s] f ljifoj:ts' f] df}lvs j0fg{ ug{ kl| tlj|mof hgfpg !=@ c¿n] eg]sf s'/f Wofgk\"js{ ;'gL kl| tlj|mof lbg !=# s'g} klg ljifosf] >'ltj0fg{ , >l' tljjr] gf ug{ !=$ ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df wf/0ff lgdf0{ f u/L kZ| gfQ] / ug{ @= ;Gbe{ / kl/j]zcg'¿k @=! ;Gbe{ / kl/j]zcg'¿k df}lvs cleJolSt lbg df}lvs ;~rf/ ug{ @=@ c¿n] JoSt u/]sf ljifoj:t' Wofgkj\" {s ;g' L k|ltlj|mof lbg @=# ;Gbe,{ kl/jz] cg'¿k lzi6frf/sf zAb k|ofu] u/L bf]xf]/f] ;~rf/ ug{ #= Kff7ut ;Gbed{ f cfwfl/t #=! ljifoj:t' jf 36gfsf] kj\" f{gd' fg / kZrfgd' fg ug{ 5nkmn / cGt/ljm| of ug{ #=@ kf7ut ;Gbe{df cfwfl/t eO{ kZ| gfQ] / ug{ #=# ljifoj:t' jf 36gfnfO{ ;f/df JoSt ug{ #=$ ljifoj:t' jf 36gfdf cfwfl/t eO{ kfqsf] j0f{g tyf t'ngf ug{ #=% kf7ut ljifoj:td' f cfwfl/t eO{ 5nkmn / cGt/ljm| of ug{ $= ;~rf/sf ljleGg dfWodaf6 $=! /l] 8of], 6]lnlehg tyf cGo ;~rf/ dfWoddf k:| tt' ljifoj:t' JoSt ljifoj:t' ;g' L ;'gL kl| tljm| of lbg kl| tlj|mof hgfpg $=@ ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodx¿df cfkm\\ gf ljrf/ k|:t't ug{ ;Sg] u/L afN] g %= ljleGg k|sf/sf %=! cleJolStsf] ;/+ rgf / zn} L klxrfg ug{ cleJolStsf] ;+/rgf tyf z}nL cg's/0f ug{ %=@ ljifoj:ts' f] z}nL cg's/0f u/L ljrf/ k:| tt' ug{ ^= ljleGg ljifodf ul/g] ^=! ;+jfb tyf jfbljjfbdf ;ljm| otfk\"j{s ;xeflutf hgfpg ;j+ fb tyf jfbljjfbdf ^=@ ;+jfb tyf jfbljjfbsf] zn} L / ;/+ rgf cgs' /0f u/L ts{ ;xefuL eO{ tfls{s k|:tl't k:| tt' ug{ lbg cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ j|md, @)&& 17

&= ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts &=! ;fdflhs ;f:+ s[lts kl/jz] cg;' f/ eflifs kl| tlj|mof lbg kl/jz] cg;' f/ ;fGble{s k|ltlj|mof hgfpg &=@ ;dfhdf k|rlnt efiff, ;:+ sl[ t, /Lltl/jfhaf/] atfpg &=# eflifs leGgtfsf] af]w u/L pkoS' t efiffsf] k|ofu] ug{ *= sNkgf jf oyfyd{ f *=! sg' } ljifo jf 36gf ;g' /] ;Gbe{ jf ljifoj:t'sf] j0f{g ug{ cfwfl/t eO{ lglb{i6 ljifoj:t'sf] j0fg{ ug{ *=@ tfl] sPsf ljifosf af/d] f df}lvs l;hg{ f ug{ k9fO l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:tt[ Ls/0f != lnlvt ;fduL| nfO{ ult, olt !=! kB kf7nfO{ ult, olt, no ldnfO{ jfrg ug{ / no ldnfO{ jfrg ug{ !=@ uB kf7nfO{ ult, olt / xfpefp;lxt jfrg ug{ @= lgwfl{ /t ;dodf kf7 k9L @=! lgwfl{ /t ;doleq kf7sf] ;:j/ k7g ug{ k7g ult j[l4 ug{ @=@ ult j[l4 ug{] u/L kf7sf] ;:j/ k7g ug{ #= kf7 k9L k|ZgfQ] / ug{ #=! Kff7 k9L kf7sf] ;/+ rgf, ljifoj:t' / efj af]w ug{ #=@ kf7nfO{ oU' d / ;dx\" df k7g ug{ #=# kf7df /x]sf kfq jf 36gfsf] klxrfg ug{ #=$ kf7df lglxt ;Gbz] ux| 0f ug{ #=% k|ZgfQ] / ug{ ;Sg] u/L lgwf{l/t kf7 k9g\\ #=^ kf7 k9L k|Zg lgdf0{ f ug{ $= kf7 k9L zAbe08f/ j[l4 ug{ $=! kf7sf ko| 'St gofF zAb klxrfg ug{ $=@ kf7df k|oS' t zAbx¿ z4' pRrf/0f ug{ $=# kf7sf ko| S' t gofF zAbsf] cy{af]w u/L jfSodf ko| fu] ug{ $=$ ljleGg kf7o\\ ;fdu|L k9L zAbe08f/ j[l4 ug{ %= dl' bt| Pjd\\ ljB'tLo ;fdu|L %=! d'lb|t tyf ljBt' Lo ;fduL| af]w ug{] u/L k9g\\ ?lrkj\" {s k9g\\ %=@ dl' b|t tyf ljB'tLo ;fdu|Ldf lglxt d'Vo efj klxrfg ug{] u/L k9\\g %=#=dl' b|t tyf ljB'tLo ;fduL| dgf/] ~hg lng] u/L k9\\g ^= ljifoj:t'sf] JofVof / ^=! kf7o\\ ;fduL| sf] uxg cWoog u/L ljifoj:t'sf] ;f/ lvRg ljZn]if0f ug]{ u/L k9g\\ ^=@ ljleGg ks| f/sf kf7 k9L ;Gbz] af]w ug{ 18 cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\ojm| d, @)&&

^=# kf7\\o;fdu|L k9L ljifoj:ts' f] JofVof / ljZni] f0f ug{ &= Jofjxfl/s n]vgsf :j¿k, &=! Jofjxfl/s nv] gsf] 9frF f / :j¿k klxrfg ug]{ u/L k9g\\ ljifoj:t' / 9frF f klxNofpg] &=@ lr7L, lj1fkg, lgdGq0ff, z'esfdgf h:tf Jofjxfl/s /rgf u/L k9\\g ?lrk\"j{s k9\\g n]vfO l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:t[tLs/0f != lglb{i6 kf7 jf cg'R5b] sf] !=! lglb{i6 kf7 jf cg'R5]bsf] cgn' v] g ug{ cgn' v] g / >'ltnv] g ug{ !=@ zAb, jfSo / cgR' 5b] sf] >l' tn]vg ug{ @= kf7df k|o'St gofF zAbsf] @=! kf7df k|oS' t gofF zAbsf] cy{ n]Vg cy{ n]Vg, zAbsf] agf]6 klxrfg ug{ / jfSodf @=@ kf7df ko| S' t zAbsf] agf6] klxrfg ug{ k|ofu] ug{ @=# zAbnfO{ cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| fu] ug{ @=$ kofo{ jfrL, ljk/LtfyL{, cg]sfyL,{ >'lt;dleGgfyL{, cgs' /0ffTds, ;dfjz] s, ;dfj]Zo, n3t' fjfrL, ;d\"xjfrs, k|fljlws÷kfl/eflifs zAb tyf pvfg / 6'Ssfsf] ;dl' rt ko| f]u ug{ #= ;g' ]sf, b]vs] f / cge' j u/s] f #=! ;'g]sf, b]v]sf / cg'ej u/]sf 36gf, kl/j]z / ljifoj:t'sf] 36gf, kl/jz] / l6kf6] ug{ ljifoj:ts' f] lnlvt j0fg{ ug{ #=@ ;g' s] f, b]vs] f jf cg'ej u/]sf 36gf jf ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df lnlvt j0f{g ug{ #=# :jcg'ejdf cfwfl/t eO{ 36gf jf ljifosf] sfNklgs j0f{g ug{ $= ljleGg kB kf7 jf /rgfnfO{ $=! lglb{i6 kB ljwfsf kf7 jf Znf]snfO{ uBdf ¿kfGt/ ug{ uBdf ¿kfGt/ ug{ $=@ kB ljwfsf kf7 k9L uB 9fFrfdf kl/jt{g u/L nV] g %= kf7sf] ljwfut :j¿k %=! kf7df cfwfl/t k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg klxrfg u/L k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ %=@ ;DalGwt kf7sf 36gfnfO{ l;nl;nf ldnfO{ nV] g %=# kf7df ko| S' t kfqsf] rl/q j0fg{ ug{ %=$ ;DalGwt kf7sf] ;f/ nV] g %=% kf7 k9L kf7sf] ;dLIff u/L n]Vg ^= j0f{ljGof;, lgwf{l/t n]Vo ^=! k0\" f{lj/fd, kZ| gjfrs, cNklj/fd, pbu\\ f/, of]hs / sf]i7s lrx\\g / ;ªu\\ lt ldnfO{ lrx\\gsf] klxrfg u/L jfSo jf cgR' 5b] df k|of]u ug{ jfSo /rgf ug{ ^=@ lnª\\u, jrg, k'?if / cfb/ ;ª\\ult ldnfO{ jfSo jf cgR' 5b] cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ jm| d, @)&& 19

/rgf ug{ ^=# lgwf{l/t j0fl{ jGof;sf] pko'St ko| f]u ug{ ^=$ kbofu] / kbljofu] sf] ;d'lrt k|ofu] ug{ &= eflifs ;/+ rgfsf] af]w u/L &=! kf7df ko| S' t zAbju{sf] klxrfg ug{ nV] g &=@ cg'R5]bdf ko| fu] ul/Psf sfn, efj, s/0f cs/0f, jfSo / jfRosf] klxrfg ug{ &=# sfn, kIf, efjsf cfwf/df lglbi{ 6 ljifosf] j0fg{ ug{ &=$ ;ªs\\ ]tsf cfwf/df jfSofGt/0f ug{ *=ljifoj:ts' f] efj lj:tf/ tyf *=! kf7sf] ;Gb]z jf efjnfO{ k:| t't ug{ ljZn]if0f ug{ *=@ kf7sf lglbi{ 6 p4/0fsf] efj lj:tf/ ug{ *=# kf7df lglxt ljifoj:ts' f] ljZn]if0f ug{ (=Jofjxfl/s n]vg ug{ (=! Jofjxfl/s n]vgcGtut{ sf lr7L, lgj]bg, z'esfdgf, lgdGq0ff tof/ ug{ (=@ Odn] Dof;]hsf] ko| f]u u/L ;Gb]z k|jfx ug{ !)=ljifoj:td' f cfwfl/t eO{ !)=! ljifoj:td' f cfwfl/t eO{ lgb]{lzt n]vg ug{ lgb]{lzt tyf :jtGq n]vg ug{ !)=@ lrqsf cfwf/df lgb{l] zt nv] g ug{ !)=# ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t eO{ :jtGq /rgf ug{ -u_ sIffut l;sfO pknlAw -sIff *_ ;'gfO / af]nfO l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:tt[ Ls/0f != ljleGg ljifosf] j0f{g ;g' L !=! bv] s] f, ;g' ]sf / cg'ej u/]sf ljifoj:t'sf] df}lvs j0f{g ug{ 5nkmn tyf cGt/lj|mof !=@ c¿n] egs] f s'/f Wofgkj\" s{ ;g' L k|ltljm| of lbg ug{ !=# bv] s] f, ;'g]sf / cge' j u/]sf ljifoj:t'df l;nl;nfa4 ¿kdf ljrf/ k:| tt' ug{ !=$ ljifosf] >'ltj0fg{ / >'ltljj]rgf ug{ !=% ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df wf/0ff lgdf{0f u/L k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ @= ;Gbe{ / kl/jz] cg¿' k df}lvs @=! ;Gbe{ / kl/jz] cg¿' k dfl} vs cleJolSt lbg ;~rf/ ug{ @=@ c¿n] JoSt u/s] f ljifoj:t' Wofgkj\" {s ;g' L k|ltlj|mof lbg @=# ;Gbe{, kl/j]zcg¿' k lzi6frf/sf zAb ko| fu] u/L bfx] f]/f] ;~rf/ ug{ 20 cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\ojm| d, @)&&

#= Kff7ut ;Gbe{df cfwfl/t #=! ljifoj:t' jf 36gfsf] k\"jfg{ 'dfg / kZrfg'dfg ug{ 5nkmn, k|ZgfQ] / / #=@ kf7ut ;Gbed{ f cfwfl/t eO{ df}lvs kZ| g lgdf0{ f ug{ cGt/ljm| of ug{ #=# ljifoj:t' jf 36gfnfO{ ;f/df JoSt ug{ #=$ ljifoj:t' jf 36gfdf cfwfl/t eO{ kfqsf] j0f{g tyf t'ngf ug{ #=% kf7ut ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t eO{ 5nkmn / cGt/ljm| of ug{ #=^ kf7ut ;Gbe{df cfwfl/t eO{ k|ZgfQ] / ug{ $= ;fdflhs, ;f:+ s[lts $=! s/' fsfgLsf ;Gbe{df ;fdflhs ;f+:sl[ ts kl/j]z klxrfg kl/j]zcg;' f/ k|ltlj|mof u/L k|ltljm| of hgfpg hgfpg $=@ ;dfhdf k|rlnt efiff, ;+:s[lt af/]df ljrf/ JoSt ug{ $=# eflifs ljz]iftf af]w u/L pkoS' t efiffsf] k|ofu] ug{ %= ;~rf/sf ljleGg dfWodaf6 %=! /]l8of,] 6l] nlehg tyf cGo ;~rf/ dfWoddf k:| t't JoSt ljifoj:t' ;g' L ljifoj:t' Wofgk\"j{s ;g' L kl| tljm| of hgfpg kl| tlj|mof hgfpg %=@ ljleGg ;~rf/ ;fwgsf] k|of]u u/L cfˆgf ljrf/ k|:tt' ug{ %=# ;~rf/ ;fwgdf JoSt ljifosf af/]df cGt/ljm| of ug{ ^= kf7sf] ;+/rgf tyf z}nL ^=! kf7sf] ;/+ rgf / zn} L klxrfg ug{ cgs' /0f ug{ ^=@ kf7sf] z}nL cg's/0f u/L ljrf/ JoSt ug{ &= ljleGg ljifodf ul/g] ;+jfb, &=! ;j+ fb tyf jfbljjfbsf] ;/+ rgf / z}nL klxrfg ug{ jfbljjfbdf ;xefuL eO{ &=@ ;+jfb tyf jfbljjfbdf ;ljm| otfkj\" {s ;xeflutf hgfpg tflss{ k:| tlt' lbg &=# ;+jfb tyf jfbljjfbsf] zn} L cg's/0f u/L ljrf/ k|:t't ug{ *= kl/lrt ljifoj:t'sf] :jtGq *=! s'g} ljifo jf 36gf ;g' /] ;Gbe{ jf ljifoj:t' l;nl;nf j0f{g ug{ ldnfO{ j0f{g ug{ *=@ ljleGg Ifq] sf JolStsf] kl/ro / of]ubfg atfpg *=# kl/lrt ljifoj:t'sf] :jtGq j0fg{ ug{ *=$ cfˆgf] bl} gsLnfO{ dfl} vs ¿kdf j0f{g ug{ k9fO l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:tt[ Ls/0f != lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ ult, olt !=! kB kf7nfO{ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ jfrg ug{ / no ldnfO{ jfrg ug{ !=@ uB kf7nfO{ ult, olt / xfpefp;lxt jfrg ug{ !=# kf7df k|oS' t zAbx¿ z'4 pRrf/0f ug{ cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ j|md, @)&& 21

@= ;:j/ k7g / dfg} k7g ug{ @=! lgwf{l/t ;doleq kf7sf] ;:j/k7g u/L ult j[l4 ug{ @=@ lgwfl{ /t kf7sf] df}g k7g u/L kZ| gf]Q/ ug{ #= ljifoj:ts' f] k7gafw] u/L #=! Kff7 k9L kf7sf] ;/+ rgf, ljifoj:t' / efj afw] ug{ df}lvs kZ| gf]Q/ ug{ #=@ kf7 k9L kfq / 36gfsf] klxrfg ug{ #=# kf7df lglxt ;Gbz] ux| 0f ug{ ;Sg] u/L k9g\\ #=$ lgwfl{ /t kf7sf] k7gaf]w u/L ;Gbe{ / kl/j]zdf cfwfl/t k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ $= ;fduL| k9L zAbe08f/ jl[ 4 $=! kf7sf k|o'St gofF zAb klxrfg ug{ ug{ $=@ kf7sf k|o'St gofF zAbsf] cya{ fw] u/L ko| f]u ug{ $=# ljleGg ;fdu|L k9L zAbe08f/ j[l4 ug{ %= d'lbt| Pjd\\ ljBt' Lo ;fduL| %=!=d'lbt| tyf ljBt' Lo ;fdu|L k9L ljifoj:t' af]w ug{ ?lrkj\" {s k9L ljifoj:t' %=@ dl' bt| tyf ljBt' Lo ;fdu|Ldf lglxt d'Vo dV' o ljifoj:t' afw] ug{ klxrfg ug{ %=# dl' b|t tyf ljB'tLo ;fdu|Ldf k|:tt' ljifoj:t' cfjZostfg';f/ pkof]u ug{ ^= kf7 k9L ljifoj:ts' f] JofVof ^=! kf7 k9L ljifoj:ts' f] 36gfj|md klxNofpg / ljZn]if0f ug{ ^=@ kf7 k9L ljifoj:ts' f] JofVof / ljZni] f0f ug{ ^=# ljleGg ks| f/sf kf7 k9L ;Gb]z afw] ug{ &= Jofjxfl/s nv] gsf] ljifoj:t' &=! lr7L, lgj]bg, lj1fkg, lgdGq0ff, ze' sfdgf h:tf / 9fFrf af]w ug{ Jofjxfl/s /rgfx¿ ?lrk\"j{s k9g\\ &=@ Jofjxfl/s /rgfsf] 9frF f / ;/+ rgf afw] ug{ &=# lgwf{l/t kf7sf ljifoj:t' afw] ug{] u/L k9\\g n]vfO l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:tt[ Ls/0f != lglb{i6 kf7 jf cgR' 5]bsf] !=! lglbi{ 6 kf7 jf cgR' 5b] sf] cgn' ]vg ug{ cgn' ]vg / >'ltnv] g ug{ !=@ zAb, jfSo / cgR' 5b] sf] >'ltnv] g ug{ @= kf7df ko| S' t gofF zAbsf] @=! kf7df k|oS' t gofF zAbsf] cy{ n]Vg cy{ nV] g, zAbsf] agf6] klxrfg ug{ / jfSodf @=@ kf7df ko| S' t zAbsf] agf6] klxrfg ug{ @=# gofF zAbnfO{ cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug{ 22 cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\ojm| d, @)&&

ko| fu] ug{ @=$ kof{ojfrL, ljk/LtfyL{, cg]sfyL{, >'lt;dleGgfyL{, cgs' /0ffTds, ;d\"xjfrL, ;dfj]zs, ;dfjZ] o n3t' fjfrL, ;ª\\lIfKt, l;ª\\uf] zAb / kfl/eflifs zAb tyf pvfg / 6S' sfsf] ;dl' rt ko| fu] ug{ #= cfkmn\" ] ;'gs] f, bv] s] f / #=! cfkmn\" ] ;'gs] f, b]v]sf / cge' j u/s] f 36gf tyf ljifoj:t'sf] cge' j u/s] f 36gf / ;r\" gf l6kf6] ug{ j:ts' f] lnlvt j0fg{ ug{ #=@ cfkmn\" ] ;'g]sf, bv] s] f jf cge' j u/]sf 36gf jf ljifoj:ts' f cfwf/df lnlvt j0fg{ ug{ #=# 36gf jf ljifonfO{ sNkgfsf cfwf/df j0f{g ug{ $= ljleGg kB kf7 jf /rgfnfO{ $=! lglbi{ 6 kB ljwfsf kf7 jf Znf]snfO{ uBdf ¿kfGt/0f u/L uBdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{ n]Vg $=@ ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Laf6 kB ljwfsf kf7 ;ª\\sng u/L uB 9fFrfdf kl/jtg{ ug{ %= kf7df cfwfl/t k|ZgfQ] / nV] g %=! kf7df cfwfl/t kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]Vg %=@ ;DalGwt kf7sf 36gfnfO{ l;nl;nf ldnfO{ nV] g %=# kf7df ko| S' t kfqsf] rl/q j0f{g ug{ %=$ ;DalGwt kf7sf] ;f/ n]Vg %=% ;DalGwt kf7df JoSt ljifoj:ts' f] ljj]rgf ug{ ^= j0fl{ jGof;, lgwfl{ /t n]Vo ^=! n]Vo lrxg\\ -k0\" f{lj/fd, kZ| gjfrs, cNklj/fd, cw{lj/fd, lrxg\\ / ;ªu\\ lt ldnfO{ pb\\uf/, ofh] s, p4/0f, lgbz{] / sf]i7s_ sf] klxrfg u/L jfSo /rgf ug{ jfSo jf cgR' 5]bdf k|of]u ug{ ^=@ lnªu\\ , jrg, k?' if / cfb/larsf] ;ªu\\ lt ldnfO{ cgR' 5]b /rgf ug{ ^=# lgwfl{ /t j0f{ljGof;sf] pkoS' t k|ofu] ug{ ^=$ kbofu] / kbljof]usf] pkoS' t ko| fu] ug{ ^=% lz/laGb' / rGb|laGbs' f] pkoS' t k|ofu] ug{ ^=^ x:| jbL3{ / k~rd j0fs{ f] pko'St ko| fu] ug{ &= eflifs ;/+ rgf kIfsf] af]w &=! kf7df k|oS' t zAbjus{ f] klxrfg / k|ofu] ug{ ug{ &=@ cgR' 5b] df ko| f]u ul/Psf sfn, kIf, efj, s/0f cs/0f, jfSo / jfRosf] klxrfg / ko| f]u ug{ &=# sfn, kIf, efjsf cfwf/df lglb{i6 ljifosf] j0f{g ug{ &=$ sf/s / ljelStsf] klxrfg u/L k|of]u ug{ &=% ;ªs\\ ]tsf cfwf/df jfSofGt/0f ug{ cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ jm| d, @)&& 23

*= ljifoj:t'sf] efj lj:tf/ tyf *=! kf7sf] ;Gbz] jf efjnfO{ abF' fdf k:| tt' ug{ ljZn]if0f ug{ *=@ kf7sf lglb{i6 p4/0fsf] efj lj:tf/ ug{ *=# kf7df lglxt ljifoj:t'sf] ljZni] f0f ug{ (= ;Gbz] d\"ns Jofjxfl/s nv] g (=! Jofjxfl/s /rgfcGtut{ sf lr7L, lgjb] g, z'esfdgf, tof/ ug{ lgdGq0ff h:tf Jofjxfl/s /rgf tof/ ug{ (=@ Odn] Dof;]hsf] ko| fu] u/L ;Gbz] k|jfx ug{ (=# ;~rf/sf dfWod ko| f]u u/L ;Gbz] cfbfgkb| fg ug{ !)=ljifoj:ts' f cfwf/df !)=! lgwf{l/t ljifoj:ts' f dV' o a'bF fx¿ l6kf6] ug{ lgbl{] zt tyf :jtGq nv] g !)=@ lgwf{l/t aFb' fsf cfwf/df ljifoj:ts' f] lj:tf/ ug{ ug{ !)=# ljifoj:td' f cfwfl/t eO{ :jtGq n]vg ug{ 24 cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ j|md, @)&&

$ -s_ ljifoj:ts' f] Ifq] j|md / lj:tt[ Ls/0f -sIff ^_ jm| = Ifq] eflifs l;k ;= ljwf tyf ;'gfO tyf afn] fO k9fO ljifoj:t' != sljtf !=! ljifoj:t'sf] ;g' fO / !=!= noa¢ k7g !=! -b]zelSt÷ afw] !=@ gLltk/s_ !=@ ;+/rgf klxrfg / !=# !=@ k|Zgf]Q/ ;Gbe{ af]w !=$ !=# ljifoj:t'sf] cg'dfg !=# Kff7sf] ljifoj:t' !=% tyf sNkgf af]w !=^ !=$ ljifoj:t'sf] lj:tf/ !=$ k|ZgfQ] / jf l;h{gf !=% ljifoj:td' f cfwfl/t 5nkmn, kZ| g lgdf0{ f !=^ >l' t j0fg{ @= Syf @=! ;'gfO / ljifoj:t' @=! ;doa4 ;:j/k7g @=! cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ j|md, @)&&

eflifs kg' ?Tkfbg sfo{ 306f nv] fO zAbe08f/ Efflifs ;+/rgf Efflifs / j0f{ljGof; k|sfo{ >'ltnv] g !=! kofo{ jfrL !=! gfd kbsf] cg'/f]w !) zAbsf] k'g/fjl[ Q uBdf ¿kfGt/0f klxrfg / kZ| gf]Q/ / ko| f]u !=@ ;jg{ fd zAbsf] klxrfg / efjlj:tf/ k|of]u efj nv] g !=# k'?ifjfrs / zAb e/0f bz{s ;j{gfd ;DalGwt ljwf jf !=$ ;j{gfd kbsf] ljifoj:td' f gfd tyf cfwfl/t lgbl{] zt lj|mofkb;Fu /rgf ;ªu\\ lt / ko| f]u !=% j0f{ljGof;sf] klxrfg / k|of]u x|:j Osf/ - zAbsf] ;'?, lar / cGTodf_ k|Zgf]Q/ @=! ljk/LtfyL{ @=! ;jg{ fd zAbsf] ;dLIff !) 25

-kf}/fl0fs_ afw] / ultjl[ 4 @=@ @=# @=@ wf/0ff lgdf{0f / @=@ df}g k7g / @=$ k|:t'lt 5nkmn @=% @=# 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] / @=# ;+/rgf, kfq / @=^ 36gf klxrfg @=$ kfq klxrfg @=$ Kff7sf] ljifoj:t' @=% :jtGq ¿kdf af]w -d]nldnfk, ;xsfo{ h:tf ljifoIfq] @=% kZ| g lgdf0{ f ;d]6L_ ljrf/sf] k|:t'lt @=^ kZ| gf]Q/ #= lgaGw #=! ;g' fO / gofF zAb #=! ;doa4 ;:j/k7g #=! / ultj[l4 -snf ;:+ sl[ t_ klxrfg #=@ ;'gfO / ;/+ rgf #=@ dfg} k7g / 5nkmn #=@ klxrfg #=# #=# ;+/rgf klxrfg #=$ #=# 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] / #=% #=$ 36gfj|md klxrfg #=$ ljifoj:t' l6kf]6 / #=^ k:| t'lt #=% Kff7sf] ljifoj:t' afw] #=% ljifoIfq] df cfwfl/t 1fg / cg'ejsf] #=^ k|Zgf]Q/ j0fg{ 26

36gfj|md ldnfg zAbsf] klxrfg / klxrfg / ko| f]u ;f/ nv] g ko| f]u -s_ ;DaGwjfrs, tflss{ nv] g kZ| gjfrs / lghjfrs zAbe/0f jf ;j{gfd cgs' /0ffTds syf n]vg -v_ ;jg{ fd kbsf] gfd tyf ;DalGwt ljwf jf lj|mofkb;Fu ljifoj:t'df ;ªu\\ lt / ko| fu] cfwfl/t :jtGq /rgf @=@ j0f{ljGof;sf] klxrfg / ko| f]u bL3{ Osf/ -zAbsf] ;'?, lar / cGTodf_ k|Zgf]Q/ / ljifo #=! cgs' /0ffTds #=! ljz]if0f zAbsf] ljrf/ !) lj:tf/ zAbsf] klxrfg / k|:tl' t klxrfg / ko| f]u k|Zg lgdf0{ f k|of]u -s_ u'0fafw] s / >'ltnv] g ;ª\\Vofafw] s ljz]if0f ab'F f l6kf6] -v_ ljz]io / cgR' 5]bk/\" 0f jf ljz]if0flar cg'R5b] nv] g ;ª\\ult ;DalGwt ljwf jf #=@ j0fl{ jGof;sf] ljifoj:t'df klxrfg / cfwfl/t :jtGq cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ j|md, @)&&

#=^ b]vs] f, ;'gs] f / cg'ejsf cfwf/df 36gf j0fg{ $= Jofjxfl/s $=! ;'gfO / ;+/rgf $=! ;doa4 ;:j/k7g $=! n]vg klxrfg / ultjl[ 4 $=@ -3/fo;L lr7L_ $=@ ljifodf cfwfl/t $=@ dfg} k7g / $=# ;j+ ]ufTds k:| tl' t 5nkmn $=$ $=# ljifoj:ts' f] $=# ;/+ rgf klxrfg ljZn]if0f tyf ;f/ $=$ Kff7sf] ljifoj:t' k|:t'lt af]w $=% ;Gb]z ux| 0f / $=$ 5nkmn / kZ| gfQ] / $=% ;'gfO / To;sf kl| tljm| of $=^ k|ZgfQ] / cfwf/df ;Gb]z kj| fx %= hLjgL %=! ;'gfO / afw] %=! ;doa4 ;:j/k7g %=! -/fli6«o_ / ultjl[ 4 %=@ %=@ 36gfj|md klxrfg / %=# k:| tl' t %=@ df}g k7g / 5nkmn %=# k|Zgf]Q/ %=# ;/+ rgf klxrfg %=$ ;'gfO / JolStj[Q cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ jm| d, @)&&

/rgf k|of]u kZ| gf]Q/ x:| j psf/ - n]vg 9frF f / zAbsf] ;?' , lar / cGTodf_ z}nL cgs' /0f kT| o'Q/ n]vg $=! lzi6frf/ / $=! ljz]if0f zAbsf] :jfut / !) $ ;Gbe{ / ;Dafw] ghGo klxrfg / cfltYo zAbsf] ko| f]u cfjZostfsf klxrfg / cfwf/df ko| f]u -s_ kl/df0fafw] s, ;Gb]zdn\" s ;fj{gflds / /rgf e]bs ljz]if0f $=@ ljz]io / ljzi] f0flarsf] ;ªu\\ lt / k|ofu] $=# j0fl{ jGof;sf] klxrfg / k|of]u bL3{ pmsf/ -zAbsf] ;'?, lar / cGTodf_ 36gfj|md ldnfg %=! ;dfj]zs– %=! n]Vo lrx\\gsf] ;xofu] !) ;dfj]Zo klxrfg / k|ZgfQ] / zAbsf] ko| f]u klxrfg / JolStTjdf ko| f]u -k0\" fl{ j/fd, k|Zg cfwfl/t eO{ lrx\\g, lnlvt cNklj/fd, d\"Nofª\\sg 27

j0fg{ %=$ 36gfjm| d klxrfg %=$ %=% k|ZgfQ] / %=% >'lt j0f{g %=^ dl' b|t ;fdu|Laf6 %=% ljifoj:t' afw] %=& %=^ 5nkmn / cg'dfg %=& s'g} JolStsf] sfNklgs JolStjQ[ k:| tl' t ^= syf ^=! ;d\"x ;g' fO / ^=! ;doa4 ;:j/k7g ^=! -;fdflhs_ k|ltljm| of / ultj[l4 ^=@ ^=# &= Jffbljjfb ^=@ ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df ^=@ dfg} k7g / afw] ^=$ wf/0ff lgdf{0f / ^=% k:| tl' t ^=# ;/+ rgf klxrfg ^=^ ^=# e\"ldsf lgjf{x, ^=$ kZ| glgdf0{ f / pQ/ ^=& kZ| gf]Q/, 5nkmn, klxrfg syfsyg / 36gfj0f{g ^=% ;Gbe{ cg'sn\" sf] :jfefljs j0f{g ^=$ cg'dfg, sNkgf, lgisif{ ^=% ;xof]u, n]gbg] h:tf ljifoIfq] ;d]6L ljrf/ k:| tl' t &=! ;g' fO / wf/0ff &=! ;doa4 ;:j/k7g &=! lgdf0{ f / ultj[l4 &=@ &=# &=@ ;+j]ufTds &=@ ;+/rgf klxrfg ;rt] tf;lxt tss{ f] &=# dfg} k7g / 5nkmn 28

cgs' /0ffTds pbu\\ f/ lrxg\\ , hLjgL n]vg of]hs lrx\\g abF' f l6kf]6 %=@ j0fl{ jGof;sf] klxrfg / ;DalGwt ljwf jf k|of]u -a÷j_ ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t :jtGq /rgf kZ| gf]Q/ ^=! >l' t;dleGgfyL{ ^=! ;fdfGo wft'sf] ;fdflhs !) zAbsf] klxrfg / ;b\\efj / 36gfjm| d ldnfg klxrfg / ko| f]u ;xsfo{ ko| f]u rl/q j0f{g ^=@ ljm| ofkbsf] klxrfg / ;f/ n]vg ko| f]u tfls{s cleJolSt ^=# j0fl{ jGof;sf] klxrfg / syfk/\" 0f jf k|of]u -o÷P_ cgs' /0ffTds syf n]vg ;DalGwt ljwf jf ljifoj:td' f cfwfl/t :jtGq /rgf 36gfj|md ldnfg &=! n3'tfjfrL / &=! jtd{ fg, e\"t / pb\\3f]if0f !) ;f/ nv] g cgs] fyL{ eljiot\\ sfnsf] zAbsf] klxrfg / >'ltn]vg tyf klxrfg / k|of]u cgn' v] g k|of]u &=@ j0fl{ jGof;sf] cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\oj|md, @)&&

k:| t'lt &=$ kfq / 36gf &=$ klxrfg &=% &=# ljifoj:ts' f] ;f/ &=^ syg &=% Kff7sf] ljifoj:t' af]w *=! &=$ 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] / *=@ &=% kZ| gfQ] / *=# &=% cg'dfg / k:| t'lt *=$ *=% &=^ ts{, ;dyg{ / *=^ v08gd08g &=& df}lvs ;~rf/sf j|mddf ljrf/ ;Dk|i] f0fsf nflu lgwf{l/t 9frF f / z}nLsf] pkof]u *= lgaGw *=! ;g' fO / efiffz}nL *=! ;doa4 ;:j/k7g -lghfTds_ klxrfg / ultj[l4 *=@ cGo efiffaf6 cfPsf *=@ dfg} k7g / zAb klxrfg tyf 5nkmn syg *=# ;+/rgf klxrfg *=# ljifoj:td' f cfwfl/t *=$ 36gfj|md klxrfg cGt/lj|mof *=% Kff7sf] ljifoj:t' *=$ efj ;r]ttf;lxt af]w / k|Zgf]Q/ 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/ *=^ ;Gbz] ux| 0f *=% ljifoIf]qdf cfwfl/t 1fg, :d/0f / cg'ejsf] j0f{g *=^ cgd' fg, sNkgf jf l;hg{ f cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ j|md, @)&&

kZ| gf]Q/ klxrfg / k|of]u -C÷l/_ aFb' f l6kf6] lgwf{l/t zLifs{ / 9frF fdf jfbljjfb n]vg kZ| gf]Q/ *=! k|fljlws÷ *=! ck0\" f{ kIfsf] OR5f !) kfl/eflifs klxrfg / clgR5f k|Zg lgdf{0f zAbsf] k|of]u klxrfg / cg'n]vg tyf ko| f]u *=@ ;d:t zAbsf] >'ltn]vg klxrfg / k|of]u $ abF' f l6kf6] *=# j0f{ljGof;sf] cgR' 5]bk\"/0f jf klxrfg / cgR' 5]b n]vg k|of]u -5÷If_ ;DalGwt ljwf jf ljifoj:td' f cfwfl/t :jtGq /rgf 29

(= sljtf (=!= ;'gfO / (=!= noa¢ k7g (=! !)= -;fdflhs_ ljifoj:td' f cfwfl/t (=@ ;Gbe{ af]w (=@ 5nkmn (=# Kff7sf] ljifoj:t' (=# (=$ (=@ no klxrfg af]w (=$ efjaf]w (=% (=# k|Zgf]Q/ (=% kZ| gf]Q/ (=$ kf7ut ;Gbe{df cfwfl/t 5nkmn / cGt/lj|mof (=% lgwfl{ /t ljifo jf ;Gbe{df cfwfl/t efj j0fg{ syf !)=! ;g' fO / ;Gbe{ !)=! ;doa4 ;:j/ !)=! klxrfg k7g !)=@ -afndgfl] j1fg !)=# !)=@ dfg} k7g / !)=$ !)=@ ljifoj:t'sf 5nkmn cfwf/df wf/0ff !)=% lgdf0{ f / k|:t'lt !)=# k|Zglgdf0{ f / pQ/ klxrfg !)=^ !)=# kfq klxrfg / j0fg{ !)=$ ;Gbe{ cgs' n\" sf] j0f{g !)=$ kf7df cfwfl/t 5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/ !)=% syf syg / 36gf j0f{g !)=^ cgd' fg, sNkgf / lgisif{ !!= Jofjxfl/s !!=! ;'gfO / ;\"rgf u|x0f !!=! ;doa4 ;:j/k7g !!=! 30

cgn' ]vg / (=! nofTds (=! k\"0f{ kIfsf] :g]x / !) >l' tnv] g zAbsf] klxrfg / kz| +;f klxrfg / ko| f]u uBdf ¿kfGt/0f k|of]u (=@ låTj ePsf zAb sljtfk/\" 0f klxrfg / k|of]u kZ| gfQ] / / lgwfl{ /t (=# j0f{ljGof;sf] kªl\\ Stsf] efj klxrfg / lj:tf/ k|of]u -Zf,if,;_ efj nv] g ! k|ZgfQ] / !)=! cgs' /0ffTds !)=! ljelSt ;fGTjgf / !) @ 36gfjm| d ldnfg zAb / pvfg kf| ]T;fxg 6S' sfsf] -n,] nfO{, åf/f,bl] v, ;xfg'el\" t !) # ;f/ nv] g klxrfg / af6, $ tfls{s ko| f]u sf,] sf, sL÷/f,] /f, cleJolSt /L÷ % abF' fsf cfwf/df gf,] gf, gL, dfsf] syf nv] g k|of]u ^ ;DalGwt ljwf !)=@ stf{ / sd{ jf ljifoj:td' f sf/ssf] cfwfl/t :jtGq klxrfg / /rgf ko| f]u !)=# j0f{ljGof;sf] klxrfg / ko| f]u -UoF÷1_ ! n]vg 9fFrf / !!=! kof{ojfrL / !!=! ljm| ofofu] Lsf] cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\ojm| d, @)&&

nv] g !!=@ ljifoj:t'sf] af]w / ultjl[ 4 !!=@ -lgj]bg_ !!=@ df}g k7g / !!=# !!=# dfl} vs cGt/lj|mof !@= hLjgL / ljifoj:t' k|:t'lt 5nkmn -cGt/f{li6«o_ !!=# ;+/rgf klxrfg !!=$ 5nkmn tyf k|Zgf]Q/ !!=$ Kff7sf] ljifoj:t' af]w !!=% ;Gbe{ / kl/jz] cg's\"n x'g] u/L !!=% ;Gb]z ux| 0f Jofjxfl/s k|:tl' t !!=^ kZ| gf]Q/ !!=^ 9fFrf klxrfg / j0f{g !!=& >'ltafw] / ljrf/sf] ;ª\\syg !@=! ;g' fO / d'Vo dV' o !@=! ;doa4 ;:j/ !@=! ljifo jf tYo af]w k7g !@=@ !@=# !@=@ 36gfj|md klxrfg / !@=@ df}g k7g / !@=$ k:| tl' t 5nkmn !@=% !@=#= ;'gfO / JolStj[Q !@=# ;/+ rgf klxrfg !@=^ j0f{g !@=& !@=$ 36gfj|md klxrfg !@=$ >l' t j0fg{ !@=% kZ| gf]Q/, 5nkmn / !@=% k/]| 0ff u|x0f / nIo lgwf/{ 0f cgd' fg !@=^ wf/0ff lgdf0{ f / k|:t'lt cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ jm| d, @)&&

z}nL cgs' /0f ljk/LtfyL{ klxrfg / @ k|ZgfQ] / zAbsf] k|of]u # lgwf{l/t ljifodf klxrfg / k|of]u !!=@ gfdofu] Lsf] lgjb] g n]vg klxrfg / k|of]u !!=# j0f{ljGof;sf] klxrfg / k|of]u -xnGt, chGt_ ! 36gfj|md ldnfg !@= cfuGts' !@=! ;+of]hssf] ljZjf; !) zAbsf] klxrfg / cljZjf; @ k|Zgf]Q/ klxrfg / k|of]u ko| f]u # k|Zg lgdf{0f tyf !@=@ JofVof lj:doflbafw] s sf] klxrfg / $ JolStTjdf ko| f]u cfwfl/t eO{ lnlvt !@=# lgkftsf] d\"Nofª\\sg klxrfg / ko| f]u % cgs' /0ffTds hLjgL nv] g !@=$ pk;u{åf/f zAb lgdf{0f ^ abF' f l6kf]6 -c, k|, pk, cg, & ;DalGwt ljwf cf, clt, a_] jf ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t :jtGq !@=% j0fl{ jGof;sf] /rgf 31

!#= sljtf !#=! ;'gfO / ljifoj:td' f !#=! ;doa¢ ;:j/ !#=! -ks| l[ tk/s_ cfwfl/t s'/fsfgL k7g !#=@ !#=@ noafw] , 5nkmn / !#=@ ;/+ rgf klxrfg !#=# k|ZgfQ] / !#=# ;Gbe{ afw] !#=$ !#=# efj klxrfg, !#=$ Kff7sf] ljifoj:t' !#=% lj:tf/ / cGt/ljm| of !#=^ afw] !#=$ uBdf ¿kfGt/0f / !#=% cGo sljtfsf] !#=& cg'dfg noa4 jfrg !#=% sljtf k\"/0f !#=^ cGo sljtfsf] >j0f / efj j0f{g !$ ;+jfb !$=! ;'gfO / kb tyf !$=! cfzo, ;Gbe{ / !$=! kbfjnLsf] klxrfg ljifoj:ts' f !$=@ cfwf/df !$=# !$=@ zn} L cg's/0f / clegofTds k7g ljifoj:ts' f] afw] !$=$ !$=@ ;/+ rgf klxrfg !$=% !$=# ;j+ ]ufTds ;r]ttf;lxtsf] !$=# 36gfjm| d klxrfg dfl} vs cGt/ljm| of !$=$ Kff7sf] !$=$ 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] / ljifoj:ts' f] af]w / 32

klxrfg / ko| f]u -rGb|laGb_' ! cg'nv] g tyf !#=@ ;d\"xjfrs !#=! ;ªu\\ ltsf] x/] rfx÷ !) >l' tnv] g zAbsf] klxrfg / ;j+ w{g !) klxrfg / k|of]u @ uBdf ¿kfGt/0f k|of]u -s_ lnª\\u ;ª\\ult # kZ| gfQ] / / efjlj:tf/ -v_ jrg ;ªu\\ lt $ ;f/ n]vg -u_ cfb/ ;ª\\ult % sljtfk/\" 0f -3_ k?' if ;ª\\ult ^ ;+/rgfsf] !#=@ k|Tooåf/f zAb cgs' /0f lgdf{0f & ;DalGwt ljwf jf -cGt,] cfO, ljifoj:t'df pjf, cf]6, Onf,] cfwfl/t :jtGq g, g], g_' /rgf !#=# j0f{ljGof;sf] klxrfg / ko| f]u -lz/laGb_' ! 36gfj|md n]vg !$=! df}lns / !$=! jfSo kl/jt{g sfo{j|md @ ;f/ n]vg cfuGt's ;~rfng # >'ltnv] g tyf zAbsf] -s_ lnªu\\ sf cfwf/df klxrfg / jfSo kl/jt{g cg'nv] g ko| f]u $ k|ZgfQ] / -v_ jrgsf cfwf/df % JofVof tyf kZ| g jfSo kl/jt{g lgdf{0f -u_ cfb/sf cfwf/df jfSo kl/jtg{ !$=@ j0fl{ jGof;sf] cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\oj|md, @)&&

!$=% cfbz{ clego / kZ| gf]Q/ !$=^ :jfefljs zn} Ldf !$=& efiff ko| f]u !$=% tss{ f] v08gd08g !%=! ;'gfO / ljifoj:t' !%= ka| Gw afw] !%=! ;doa4 ;:j/ !%=! -k|sl[ t j0f{g_ k7g !%=@ ljifoj:t'sf] ;f/ !%=@ lgdf0{ f / syg !%=@ df}g k7g / 5nkmn !%=# !%=# 5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/ !%=$ !%=$ ljifoIf]qdf !%=# ;+/rgf klxrfg !%=% cfwfl/t 1fg / !%=$ 36gfj|md klxrfg cg'ejsf] j0f{g !%=% Kff7sf] ljifoj:t'sf] af]w !%=^ ;Gb]z ux| 0f !%=^ !^= syf !^=! ;'gfO / k|ltljm| of !^=! ;doa4 ;:j/ !^=! -;fdflhs_ k7g !^=@ !^=@ wf/0ff lgdf0{ f / !^=# k|:t'lt !^=@ df}g k7g / !^=$ 5nkmn !^=% !^=# kZ| gf]Q/, 5nkmn, syfsyg / 36gf !^=# k|Zg lgdf{0f / !^=^ j0f{g pQ/ klxrfg !^=$ cg'dfg, sNkgf / !^=$ ljifoj:t'sf] lgisif{ ;Gbe{ cg'sn\" sf] :jfefljs j0fg{ !^=% lrqsyf j0fg{ !^=% rl/q lrq0f / kfq !^=^ ;d:of klxrfg / cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\\oj|md, @)&&

^ ;+jfbk/\" 0f klxrfg / k|of]u -k~rd & cg's/0ffTds j0f{_ ;j+ fb nv] g !%=! jfSo kl/jtg{ ! k|Zgf]Q/ / ljifo !%= kb tyf -s_ k'?ifsf cfwf/df k|lta4tf !) lj:tf/ kbfjnLsf] klxrfg / jfSo kl/jt{g @ cg'n]vg tyf k|of]u -v_ s/0f / cs/0f >'ltnv] g !%=@ j0fl{ jGof;sf] # aF'bf l6kf]6 klxrfg / k|of]u -kbof]u $ cgR' 5b] k/\" 0f jf / kbljof]u_ cg'R5b] nv] g % ;DalGwt ljwf jf ljifoj:td' f cfwfl/t :jtGq /rgf ^ cjwf/0ffsf] lrqfTds k|:tl' t ! kZ| gf]Q/ !^=!cg's/0ffTds !^=! efj / cy{ cf1f jf !) zAbsf] cfb]z @ 36gfjm| d ldnfg klxrfg / -s_ ;fdfGofy{ ko| f]u # ;f/ n]vg -v_ cf1fy{ $ tflss{ -u_ ;Defjgfy{ cleJolSt !^=@ j0f{ljGof;sf] % cg'dfg tyf klxrfg / k\"jfg{ d' fgsf k|of]u -/ sf cfwf/df 36gf ljleGg ¿ksf] lj:tf/ ko| f]u_ ^ ;DalGwt ljwf jf 33

;dfwfgsf pkfo tn' gf k:| t't $ -v_ ljifoj:ts' f] If]q j|md / lj:t[tLs/0f -sIff &_ j|m= Ifq] eflifs l;k ;= ljwf tyf ;'gfO tyf afn] fO k9fO nv] fO ljifoj:t' !=! > != uLlt sljtf - !=! ljifoj:t'sf] ;'gfO, !=! noa¢ k7g !=@ u bz] elSt÷ 5nkmn / cGt/ljm| of !=@ ;+/rgf klxrfg !=# k !=$ gLltk/s_ !=@ k|Zgf]Q/ !=# ;Gbe{ af]w !=% ; !=# ljifoj:ts' f] cgd' fg !=$ Kff7sf] ljifoj:t' !=^ ; -k\"jf{gd' fg, afw] / k|ZgfQ] / kZrfgd' fg_ tyf sNkgf !=$ ljifoj:t'sf] lj:tf/ jf l;hg{ f !=% ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t k|Zg lgdf{0f, pQ/ klxrfg / k|:tl' t !=^ ljifoj:t'sf] df}lvs ;ªs\\ yg 34

ljifoj:td' f cfwfl/t :jtGq /rgf eflifs kg' ?Tkfbg sfo{ 306f O zAbe08f/ Efflifs ;+/rgf / Efflifs !) j0f{ljGof; k|sfo{ >'lt nv] g !=! kofo{ jfrL !=! gfd / ljgd|tf zAbsf] ;j{gfd kbsf] uBdf ¿kfGt/0f klxrfg / k'g/fjl[ Q ko| f]u kZ| gf]Q/ / !=@ gfd / efjlj:tf/ ;jg{ fdlarsf] ;ªu\\ lt ;Gbz] nv] g !=# gfd / ;DalGwt ljwf jf ;j{gfdsf] ljifoj:td' f ljm| ofkb;Fusf] cfwfl/t :jtGq ;ªu\\ lt /rgf !=$ j0f{ljGof;sf] ;+/rgfsf] cgs' /0f klxrfg / ko| f]u x|:j Osf/ -zAbsf] ;?' , lar / cGTodf_ cfwf/et\" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ jm| d, @)&&

@= syf -nfs] _ @=! ;'gfO / ljifo tyf @=! ;doa4 ;:j/ @=! K ;Gbe{ klxrfg k7g @=@ 3 @=@ wf/0ff lgdf{0f / @=@ df}g k7g / @=# ; k|:tl' t 5nkmn @=$ @=% z @=# ljifoj:ts' f af/]df @=# ;/+ rgf, kl/j]z, 5nkmn / lgisif{ kfq / 36gf @=^ ; klxrfg @=$ syfsyg / 36gf j0fg{ @=$ Kff7sf] ljifoj:t' af]w @=% ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t :jtGq ljrf/ k:| tl' t @=^ ljifoj:t' / 36gfdf cfwfl/t cg'dfg / lgisif{ @=& kfq j0f{g / t'ngf #= ;j+ fb #=! ;g' fO / cg'dfg #=! cfzo, ;Gbe{ / #=! 3 ljifoj:t'sf #=@ ; #=@ ;g' fO / k|Zg lgdf0{ f cfwf/df #=# > clegofTds k7g #=# ;+j]ufTds #=$ ;rt] tf;lxt #=@ ;+/rgf klxrfg #=% c ljifoj:ts' f] ;f/ k:| t'lt #=# 36gfj|md klxrfg #=$ 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/ #=$ ts{ / ;dy{g cfwf/e\"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7o\\ j|md, @)&&

Kffq klxrfg / @=! ljk/LtfyL{ @=! ljzi] f0f kbsf] ze' ]R5f !) tn' gf zAbsf] k'g/fjl[ Q ( 36gfj|md ldnfg klxrfg / ;f/ nv] g k|of]u @=@ ljz]if0f / kZ| gfQ] /, JofVof ljz]iolar zAbe/0f jf #=! k|fljlws÷ ;ª\\ult cg's/0ffTds syf kfl/eflifs zAbsf] nv] g @=# ;fdfGo wft' ;DalGwt ljwf jf klxrfg / / k]/| 0ffys{ ljifoj:t'df k|of]u wft'sf] cfwfl/t :jtGq klxrfg / /rgf lj|mofkbdf o;sf] k|of]u 36gfjm| d ldnfg ;f/ nv] g @=$ c;dfks >l' tnv] g tyf lj|mofsf] cgn' v] g klxrfg / kZ| gfQ] / k|of]u cg's/0ffTds @=% j0fl{ jGof;sf] klxrfg / ko| f]u bL3{ Osf/ -zAbsf] ;'?, lar / cGTodf_ #=! k0\" fl{ j/fd, cg'e\"lt cNklj/fd, kZ| g lrxg\\ , pb\\uf/ lrx\\g, ofh] s lrxg\\ , sfi] 7s lrxg\\ sf] klxrfg / 35