Important Announcement
PubHTML5 Scheduled Server Maintenance on (GMT) Sunday, June 26th, 2:00 am - 8:00 am.
PubHTML5 site will be inoperative during the times indicated!

Home Explore علم الأناسة التاريخ والثقافة والفلسفة - كريستوف فولف - ترجمة أبو يعرب المرزوقي

علم الأناسة التاريخ والثقافة والفلسفة - كريستوف فولف - ترجمة أبو يعرب المرزوقي

Published by أبو يعرب المرزوقي, 2019-12-26 01:11:23

Description: علم الأناسة التاريخ والثقافة والفلسفة - كريستوف فولف - ترجمة أبو يعرب المرزوقي

Search

Read the Text Version

U —Sjj» <t-o O jOLo^H .UP _^gi? UlT OLJj Jjliili )j JjSH pUU oU^aJI oa& j*j . 0Lo?t jpv £jJL® jjk> J*^ OOtli C»jJl£ J&J <*T jM A^u^- K* £«il A~*j CJjJCj ptll A^u^- j*^V\" «Liij a>- j)l <i?t*i3l 14 J**\"j <w^MaM (J^ OLO^S p ji jLjaPl j£a»j ^j£5' 01 o^\" • • OUu^l ^jt j® j£«s 4jl Js^Sj • Oji i jflJ' 0L«j^[b ^iTJii ^ofewll oU^At U^J J'jj U jj j£«U -tj jJiJ Opa lwfla» Ojj-a) oUj^-1 jJ^J' ^3 Jjy Jjjliaj jOUJl OLO^H jJxjs J^>ljjJI aJuJlJ i]^-iii J^wJI iLva^- jl£ j-jliJ' OL^O-jO^I OLO^I J$La Lw»J5“ VOO-G j \\q./i*j iOUj j^>Le-j AjaJs j+a Uc- lg4 ~ 0'»oJ3 ^tU :<LJU1 ^al^xjt O~o.g.0 A2j Ojwb*- .XJLu 0 0^5*0 .isLaiJlj djJlJlj JL+a}\\j jLJIj cLi-l JUl-o j frljjJlj CjVV'j ^jJji tj^ j*jli3l oL**^' jjJb*- 4~x\" cy1 yc^° i_5^' O'* a «LjL>-^/I o'.i^>-^il (3 O^\" . o_**Sv« 900 800 ^ylly>- UliT jj jss- Iao^- ^yJI j>- a^uj 500000 1000 ^Jl 900 ^1y>- ^y> a^u 0jJ ^ *lyg 1450 ^ ^>t>- (jOjta (1M ON^iJ •*— <* .,<0 1200 ^yJI^ 1 100 o LOoLoJili 1 ^uL^aJU 13^ o' Ov ^Oj^j 1' L6 ^'0-* ^jJ'^ ^j^' joc-j .34 j ot; ^'j^ri 14 c5 (J CO •7i2 o_jjljJ' oLO^h -Uaj 5 j 4.5 Ojh 0L0V' o^-j 3.2 j 2.4 .93 ua. 1 55 .1974 3>-'~‘-t-jQ (jL^ujVl ^jlI j 57 58 L>^ Oi^iCT^ 94. (^(3 1_>“^L> 48

yJ J 4AuAAli^ aa\\aA\\^ /idnil i M.1 L^ji-1 4 A^£- {j* 01$ J[C-JlSU?^ 4«*«jJlj L«1 L^jlj 5 j*L$ Op 59- AjJJcJl ^J[ 4^«uJ1jj . A^idl U wbVl j~f jjp oli oj~J ur^' ur^J Neocortex 3 jujjU ~il aj^S*^0 iw^jii! 4J ^jJI jl Lv£” .ijL—j*yi l)^>“ 4^uLil oUjI^^I axJJ ^^1 £—<u^JL <lvs»l>- i j~-** ^*-^“ Juj (JjVl ^Uil (3 SS\"^i-3 ^Ui) 4~-jJL > 6 • °0i”^'-? ^^'(34 a. ^Jco 4j1 (JTwJ £cll 0^>cJl aI^OS^J jJjU 3^1*c« 3 j JjliiSl a*s>\\+0 Jap^o j3cjj 3 jV jJI :OT^j OlJiJI d Jl^Jj Ju^ jL>tui>Vl ^/o -jJI oVL>dl ^Jlc- 3 . cjS ^-C Ctv .aS\" (JbjCL^Vl ^j-° Jo Jj>- J-JLsJ aIS* ctUi AjJlSIj ^LojJI ^oLaVl ^-Cj J5M (j£ ((2iL*wo^ A^vJLo)) ^jA ^jjjJL L^J^^-j J-Jt j}*^ a * 62 j^Jal! .2002 jj^jjjLi <l<LuL>ji ^jLju^ :^>ijLi jlu 59aj>. ij ^jjU.1 w l^ *KHj4_iUlj 4 j. \\ cTi 1 J^laj .4 JuJl :^jl_Aj^>. 60,£jJol £j>-lj 1 .(1965^^1,^1) 1980 dj>^o :cJl!JJU (jut* .2002x £>jLU j^j ri^- Cjjj^oSL)^^ £cJU '£— cJiJ^ £>Jj 61 (_ ^yA :Cjjj x .2003 (jjLU ^cJ.1 iiii^otj jJ^>- <iojL>.l S^jLjij^LI 3jujl>. Cjjj a e\\ ijja jJjlAJIj L^Lt.u^»yi jufl <1j .203 ^U' £jJ£A&Jj3 ^eJL l j^ln iA J[^oVt .A^jJlU 6j nr t~i umJj£^ U1 jjfj La ia A uLUJ£ ^>.lj X .2001 J-&- . 1 987 jni)a JjW AjjLjoVI 4_cv^J^_tJi .£>»^JU (j^Aj (jL44 j 62 49

I J*it1 Jb IjjjA ^Las^l iju (_£It- ^jic- ajsls Sji!l jb—jVl jlxc- ibis ^c-j-wjI ^JUI ^UJI jb-j^/l -uc- (((jJjJI liL^woVb) <(iSL—J3 Jb» dJJ-bj . bjJlijbo ^jic- ajjls dj&££ ^LvsVi Ji\" tjl^l?l jj-^Jl! (_j jL»jCL*\"yi ® *b-iVl (j^JLlJ LS>*j^<bxJI ]t>jZi yi£ ^£~mp ^jJo <C— by^A .*-ito y*^~ JjJaJl bJJi .^JlJJ cjili-l jO jbol <_£lij.ij! <_£slj (j j^ob>-Vl -L>-j Jiij .bgJLo aS *Ojp*J~\\ CpVV ^£\"b—<P V oV^IL5^ —^3* « II <b^Pti4 l 0-Lfc ^jA • <—'jJL bo ptjjbo cJbff- i_a-aL~ oli bA^bj IjJLp*j . AL— t-Ayajj j^-b« :5lJ-' Jb>fc*j s.lJL*JI o.ojb*J jJwj Allesfresser JSb bJcJw £^4 j3 OLjVi jlS' 11 J!I»1a J^b>-j .j^/ii\\ «-bc«l b^JLo A^*>U! 4—ib*JI oUly~^-\\ £« ijjLslbj . jb—jVl -LL£- y£ ^JL/aJ a olsUail ^yaju C-p^wpI ^1-biJI ^»Ual!l ^JcJI (_j J^JbjlpI 4j-LglJ oLtf-b—J! ob^aVb AsUaJb ^Jjl «-IJl»JI (_£.}l -Las I-L^Aj (JLojC-uI_J ,oS*y ^Jl -L*j yS y£ yb>£- ^jA CL^bo ygsl Aj-biJ ^y]l As<pl>- (_£ ^J. ^ Cj«a> j-* >S3~ b^Sb»S ALLbi-l ^»b$il jr4 <-)b—uVl lj e-IJjJl sl-L£-V Aj j>^~\\ oV^/l jb—i^l jb—ib -by IJlpt Afc...«i jS»bdl ^UJI jb—i^!l .jjl jip lj IJL^Aj)) jlJLis j^Jajj jj yjbz*}\\ < ilVl j“bo bo ^vajJI IJa J^b>- by£b b»^ . ((t3jWI (_| ^jic- (J -/P>JJ ^J-basI blSbol^ j^i5 >L5 ^jbaJI b)b—jVI obS\" Llj .(3 jJ»JI S-Lc-j ^*o)l (35.^^) j^ tixJlitJl <^nll > ^L)Lojl ^jL*-ajVl I^>1 L ii :^J^J 63^j>- (J J t 40. Laj (j-3 . 50

1j ^j j5 A4m\\4\\\\j 4 4i4''Aij jlllli lii Lilli /id LiL^S^ ^jA 61 Ajl— ji^>l Ails W.-axil Aj ij ^-/2-> ajl «AC-V_J (A JLiJI ^ ^ ^j Ijls J : JL*oJt j jUI jUJI JU^I J! JjVi oljUVl 61 us ^£6.1 6LjVI 61^ oL*^^Jl j~£ ^s-j .ax*u 6^6t« 1*5 ^)1^>- JL» ^>-^JI A^gJ AJ3.LL! l$A J^J• A^UaJ jbJI Juu Lgjuo J^UJIJ jUI (_yic- j Ja la. . jjjjcJ1 ^y> A^Ju AjLL LUiS\" ^xJUl ^IJLc-V <..!' ( j ^ VjftJaldJ A»dLl?-Vl Ola-lfl^JI aLLI oljl$ll 6LviL> V dJJ.K' Ju ^jj j*oljA iiLwoVlj JLvaJ! 6 aaj 11 jLi^Vl (_^j' 61 LS\" ( jUT oUl^s>- ^Uic-j aj oVT jjtf- LI dJUj {j* ,^U)I 6LjV1 Iaj^u^ L^i- ^y> oils cjUI^LI ^ja I |j-\\d 61 jL(J-^j l^u 1 L£ .J~+a jA Lgi.A^xL La . Vl aJLfc L^aLdsI J^Lal (Jj Ia-Lw3 ^[a\\ j.£• ( ^Oljl^o ^jA dDj£j tjjJ-\\ Ij~£ Ijljio o\\^aZa) ^^61^iJI ^Lj^Ij Juvail 61 cKJ'j # JS LA' c —-*-*-5 c *~j3j ^j^qj ' ^ -13^ .^JwXaj 4jt>- d)^ 4j Cl^LC'Lc-i-l jUp ^£*UI 0[)) (jLa3 iTifjGl ljL*j ^15^i\\ .^^((liL^ jUtf t5*ill j* jLJ^' ULJl oSa d)l AjJJI m:5ilas31 j jJ* .102. U G9 *72 jaijjL E 10/18 ^xulol ^g a-i eJL ^\"j Lu 6 I I 51

L , oUl^o^l C-JIS\" lil .^Wl ^ws Lfcyaili i.jii!l aJj*^I Op iJLi-i AjlUI A*dJ \"i/ AaL>*^« Ol j ^bo*i/ io^iall . Ap^C- ApLdJI ^'' frLya^-Vl l—Ajllg^ L£- Aj^jIj ^]l A~,.Ojb 4/.^a J«^»«JJI -X. /? Uj oV'S/l iwjIaIj ^obxll £w_U J-ojJI .'/} Oij jj.lacJI IdA aJI^ ^dJ! dj-l LI .LSvC A** jLaS jbJ ^»Uai LiJ od-A (jl C-jldll ^y> AdS3 (julu ^»^JI aJdg»«j jl j»«l dUd3 ljjJb*-j oUlSLl . o^^ii (JljXd'Vl A^jJU l o £< !jj.S Ojl (Jl5\\du*}/S IJa Ja a dlJi Oji Ujj IdJ* ^^»Ua»» ApldJ AsUill «Jm>j .ajUxJI yciji-j joJiJ jlpI J~JI IJLa />A.yaiij 66 ^((^U ^ JarJ i j* js~^ ^J JUa*a3t (36 A^jJjj -LvaJU as^L- oli oljLg>oj <Jdg-j doV^I J^>- <Luj k_ijljt«j ^^-j oljLdJSj ^j^JtiaJi (J Lit- a Jla.'gtl' LL- i_SjLjw dJJdSj iJLaW^I oUl. . jitJI j^i-tj . sLidll d)L® jjryL L$^nJ jLlxiVl aj»*uIj 5Jaii - *~j>-j oLij jbJ! O 368 ^la^^Jlj o*^/l Jla. a/li Li>l oLb^Uc. 1 ./?.>- jcjLaJI 5 (Jlio^U aJL^« UgJjdu ,JdC dJJj Ah/g*U A^-Ldg-*^ Cdl«-Ls£)lj /»J, - il (_$)[ dUdS”jt Ul£p> o'L^j')} o^L-^JI op ^^ ^' <k (3 ls^- *~^J d~® cJU<3>- jojLaJI oL«<j^U Ajj>v?.»JI oLa^iil (3 Aadc-Vl C~j«-uu dU-iS” j./i*\\\\ Ijjk .9 1 .(J^a ^»-^J.I (jb>° jU-jl 66 .1979 l1jjL>u^L!L l nM lj ^y^Laltrw Vlj jj U' jl .jjLoijyi J^laj :J^ jovlj 67 3-^5^ CjjLjjjj ^aIo jjLlaijVI La £— Jjj 4_uLt^jVI JC^oa itlijjJu 68j*^>. 1 '^=~ cl«j«l>ji jjLuuoVi jlji jjL-U! ^jLtAij^ ' 2003 ^.44-2j-j_l>.j x 1 .jj-ss ^ .67-45.^ ^yuu j^LLoj 52

j- AAuAaWq mUh{\\Ujlill 4 /ltL dLJ)/\\ AXo 400000 (J~9j -AX* jjju I18 ^31 J jju ijrwaJ'j jL>* (j 1 i^SUm ^ L^S\" Lw.' ^ la jj4» 2i8 4i» j-sj ^ ^csbjf jl' ^Jl ja j&y jo Jj'j' ^-$9 dJD jJj *-ijU3l OLO^I'j ^l£J' OLJ^I j'j is_y jZA jSLi L?*j j-ij 4_j jjjUaj IJLa >Vo] 1 OjUJI jU~j^/l O' y£ £*£ y ^ O j&;.ai . (L)L«uVl (j\\J Ua-JL>- JjLC fljjjf <Lw>*J^yIo OLo*>(£- <3 ^j3«30jA (3U*y>^ Ij^jjjl (_j ( o^yl^-Vl o i—aJuxSI LiU^l; IS'jjjjUI jjj .^iUj'OiLJl ijLyjV'j .ligj I j\\ ^LyJl OLyJ^M 1997l_£-ii( (jL^Vl yo4JU*> ijLy-jVl -b>A>- \\s-jj y Homo<olJis4 xs- iljiL* ja I* y> U^U- jj£j jj> <j illj antesessor . JOjI^UIj ^ij^\\ jLjVi '.(Homo sapiens sapiens )(*-2jU)l) cijUJI JLJ^I LwjTj ^ ^jJLII oLjVI Lu <u*y 700000 J' y>- -sj J( j <3L~j[ -USLi jc- j-W» Op* 3j -^Jjj'j 3^vj3j ^0^1 3 ^-“O 70 OLy*y>V' Oju jlS” ojO^- ' <jl “9<jj . t-jjWI ^JuCsyAJ jJJj\\sXl4 l*yO jlf. jlll >X>-J llyyj'i/' <3 3 4“'— 1 90000 t ^J> a aXj 30000 ^>- ^J-s ^Jtj'yULJ yj\\ (jl axj 50000 S-e« I jj ^ylc- (37 >(j, tflpXo olS\" ojl>- jAj y 0 ^1 1 L. • (jjyflJ ^lyJI (jLtujVI 69 Homo. sapiens neandertahlensis^jUi jbjij^Lni ,jL^) 70 oVpj (J-^l .jJIjjI j3LlUI Sj^la^ul :jLjo^a jjL>.j jLx>sl^ i_7SL4ji3^jj Lo cdjjj 53

^ J-jill Jfcddl ^3 90000 j 180000 ^!\\2j'*xjLi)' jya LLL $Lu,^53I LlHJl jIJj .lij^ J^rj UUa;|j L>'jj^ ls jjj jUj'JiLi jUi\\l' IgiLi^l jr 30000 j 60000 cJu<2>- jjj j(^L«*i LgJ iSjUa^o LjL>-' LLL i_siLva3 Lj' LfcS” .Oils«*siJ jS^jJL»i o'—j' ^°j .oL—j j^\"j j^Sa«*<l3=) ^s ^jA (JUJISj LJ^5 ,j£\"L«' «oc- t ( ( y>*^> ojlJI ojj ^LjUL aj^J i 1600 ^Jlj JlijlJjLJ Oj£j LLnj (JIjjIjjLjJI o'— .c^jJii-l o'— UjJtvsi . Ljj jJ^jI j^s LJUJJj 4_jj ^jLol Ajt o'—jVl L« ^>0 JjL £-loo olj j ^jilc- j*L'—-3L i^*~ji ijuisj •^rj .4j±2x>- Ji\\ j^LaJIj 4i>-'—« -U£- jJa! o^J' oj\\j>- o'-Lis o' i[ ( e o' i1a>' c3 “L' L-Uj .(j'-3'-i-' 01SL- -U£- 4,..» i/g^3' a-L* AjjLt^JJ ilAjj ^.4jO,*i3' g. \" 4jj) » «/?\" S0j-0i ^>-V' ^ ./? c- lO-jlS” sL^i-' o-^ c—jjfc Ur CjIj>-jj j 3 ^j' ^Lil ol£ l»Xft ^yloJ' sloJji JjLd' j jtf L»i OUASjOy«ll' i_jLo' SjU.<U^Lw*yi 4-iOjJ' ^a_=>sJiJt (_)•*>• o'Vl <cAc- o^jaJT iiLflj JUj'JuLJi o'—3 V .^yljVlj 4^-Ji—V' «/?l .4_*i?l3 4jjJ Jt-jlj£-\\ olil j\\ ^JU U4joIj ijfaj JUjJGUI ol*~>V' 4-liJ^J lir* (j <_s^' ® J jj^'j o\\jf)}\\ I^Oj ^y>j .^a\\Jja jjJ <j 1$3^w2j L'o^ “^*d jdy>\"0 OQ-^SXjo wtOUX o' ^iLi ^0 jLaLj'i/' olSj .cjl-iL' iLj*^jj o' 1—iLii^l L»J < (J^-j ^ ^j>-^J.I ^i*-Jt c rtjl^ 4_Itt a Jjj Luljill jLujVI ’•JjLa .j 72 C^V (j-A tiU Ijj X 202— 181 *(j-3 54

3— UiiliJIj iiil ill /At. flLUc« Cbl5” (jll-O_3d jI^LjLs jj 0 ^jJJI - 1c- g «3Ojd£o I^jIS\" (jruj 3O^Li-l o^Ajj ^ 3^j jj3j j o^Sjo «-L>-j/l j)l <3 X^o (jjk 3^> ^ I^jISj Oy^~\\j j«JVl OjSjju I jjISj .LjJLs L*£\" jo-gj^s Jj»j ^a-gJU j«-gjj j«1*jj 3 Q^oL»i-lj l yg^ju ^yXXi£- .'.o.'o ljb»uj/l i>L>- ^aLu i) jXj g ./j.a ) 3 (Jj>- ii^LwJl oX> -Li (JljjlJjLjJI ijb~>V ^*-3 ( 38 .^ aLi-1 3(J L>- 3(J^>- ijl ‘-~j j -p 1 b-U.iS ^ i y od')! x>j jIL ^£.31 ol 4j*j LAb '^jA i^Sjj j«JL*JI Ibb 3 . ^ 3ouyi J fjfcVl iiUiU ^idl bj^iJI JA cfl\\ J\\ Jlji V JI Sir- J\\ .JjUJI jLbVl jl Js. il&\\ ja j&\\ 3U-I LLU 73 jjl*. . <^iJ bib Xk> <0(j *Xm o^Sa L2 -Ll« Li^3 Liu Xs (*-jjL*JI) c 3 3^3 331i_j b! °b^3 W 3i-*i£ 3 V^v^' 'j •'djjj'j 31 (^ :^' L>Jbu 'j'Ojju_ jAj s 4JL0 I o*-ij 33f^ *T? j* jl (3j I * | jAijS J\\ I i O jlj .4J 3^•ub-Vj ^JjiSI <-JjL»Jl OLbj/l obaJLLu bil^-l j>-ja <uip- (jl 4jl>cysl ^j£-Xi jLisl)j/l ^j\\j (3j 3^ 3>t''J L5*rd «»1a ^^aXs ( 3 ^<JI (_^l jJl IwIa (^>L»w3l 4’ - ^!JJJ^ <3 d(k_jjUl) >jUJl jL^uVl (J-' 3 1868 4j»w 3A^Jac* ^”L-A 3 3x^pj ^-uLul ^* -t *^ ^Lsll ^ 3axLs^ ^jVi ^ W*^i -^b 3 ^jbUjjT , jUVl.('jjbJO i-3jL«JI 31 ^jbij c-ubi-1 ijLbVl ^j£- L>w»lj lijL>-l .1970 ^jojjjIj Cj^JLIj (jL4-44-1^^^ : Jju L^_«J lj^_bi s^jfcLaJ^ ^ obj-*1 j W\"-3 ! j j-^b 2 3 ^ ^ ^. 2 200000 ^1500000 74 ^ ^100000 ^( 200000 75 55

3^j. c^ j^iti .mii 3 30L~4 ^j£. I ^<JLS\\j a^j 25000 j^yu LLiJ! o-i-gJ L*-Jj ^ j>- ^ <Ca*i 40000 3| j j Lgi LtjS'l <0^ ^ 3 c-idd^l ^33 3 3^ 3 3jjislju d>h~dVl «LiJ . 4jLwj 30000 jy*j J. 3 3^3j^»L>- 76 3iUll 6i*\\Xla ((Jbdcs)) 0^~»aj 3? 3 3“?*i d/^ 3,?^ -''-> ( - i^-i .j^JI 1^jLS3 , 33 1 28000 JJ dJUjjf d)UI J! V^IJ ,oWl JbjjGlJI oLdt i_3 3\"3 oL 3 ^oVlotat^^ilj jII i JL>-3|.-^ -. ~^ 22000 34i_jl Jd^ajtj *^y>- 22000 J128000 ai« - 3j u 3*^3 S-u^-Vlj d-t^j? •(_r ^ jUj cJl£ 11500 Jl 18000 30 L. JJ 3jj :*~ZU >dj 3 31^ajy dd^o d)jd*ll jljx-l 1—sLiiS’Uj . j~j>J ‘—’^ f-VJjj\\j jI j^»dLi (3>*d_« 1 0 3Ol^ .4JL^j d) 2(5 Jlis 3 (_3^ i 3-1 oVVt SiliJ - dr0 '-^*^^ j 1 0')) 3^ 35 33^ jLJ(JOjIJjdjJt ^0 ^mI ^U»r*in J«^»liaj J^-ji OlTj J^ssl 'i'^jc^>\\ Ja-ni' ljUi-d(39 . _y) l ijj ^ofeoh j^_ a> wa!Lj 3Jas AJd&j 3ji^ *^J 3jj ^ 3IjjLtf Jii SJLsH 3'j JlikSn 4~jU cJjUlj AdUaJO ijjJLJ '-•’jLtf .*^J*A*2P . j3*j - j 3w'r^- ^ J ^ /** 3 3s' '' ' 3 ^y~^- ' ' dr^ < 0 yuiS d'[^j)}\\ d)^ “*-9 3* 313^ 3 J -'-vs i-ijUJI (jd^oVl Aj j.(. .Jl 3Ajllt ^32*1 ^ ^d«3 Jp L<JJ 31A^Jfcl (3^ ^ ^Jjj3 (JxS Lo Jjstifcjl 3)^J r^n joJLc. J 76 J)J) 4^>Li.j 199*7 .1981 ^.((LjjjI olj) <*2 ^-2uL*J! .jJjVI JuLC. 4j»J .43L2ijl p Jlj 4r '(3^5^ .<-J.-A (_^jLa Ij 77 8- 1 1 uiL^-dd 78 56

*3 1' \\ Uil—ikl ytlli ^79 ya ,j y, yb, cJS o'^3-'j oL—jV' (j^j y 3j^JL*J' L^lL-as- C-o' o'— 3' (j 3jc?*i Jl3 3(_gjj)lax)l jJLJI jl5V lojj o3*>- o33-l Loj^v® 03*-’ 31 ^ ^ ^61—3>/i 55^1ilU U^'j3[ jJoj .^33 0i £' c-'^ <Sy\\ UJu^- j Cr ^3-3OQ4—.xJl.' Aj^jcc^zJ'o 3<i>-jA ^\\ a* (3 '——’'3' 3L «/?>- ol£ o' \" .o'—jV' iiLij 3(O^ LbM' O^1 ^3-J ioL>-3' M-^r\" j jiaJ (Jjj b> tiiix *y L3J .^JoJ' o 3 y4jiJ3-' 3-3 Jpjfc. 3JJJJ 4>t^h y& 3i -^>-J jli- 3*® 3LvO>- J Ol—J^/'i . O'-—J^' J^3> (3^ 3.Iplf. O'—*J^' 33* 3\"*'^^P' l . 9 ^3xJ' jl— 3j^Ja *V..Lq.£' fl * ^jl; iJLo j iJUj iJux-Menschwerdung oLjV' ^-jb b\\ y 3l*Jnj .>V' AO>-' JlvaijV' l$J 3Uiil ^ya^J'j ^n—la.11 jOJLaJI 33i 3 U30aLoj>- j*J o'—jVIs .Zjjjjb? ojj^oj 0 ‘Ai>~'jJUi o'j</?'c- >A>\"'j ; jjJat^ o'—j^/' j-jb 33dJ- —< ^*^Ax>-3' -UJ— AjjJoiitj yJ' 3»'jJt!' yA-jdlj 4oJLtj <4~x^ 3°'j-3' by. >UxJ' j'jwV' J-Ocu J yb Lo yu Ujisj J £jClui1j£^ Jlifljjjh. _^JJ 79cLa^-J Cj^a1a j-iljJ ^jJfc.Vl <LwLjVI £0* Ij .2004 LjLod ^3^1 1 j^* “2 a“ ^35 .* A (jy^i-Lxi <lL>- j_<q ^i£. oL^JLaLi tjl j>^>. £y* 80 200ciijj^^ 1 °>^-*‘ | * .4 jsLii^ti oLjIjo^ji sLo» ^am^u <t,i 1 ji_ij_uj^ ciinf*. 1 99 j^lalJl :^JijLo^Ls A X .2001 <LtsLaali 4_jj1^_j_>J I ‘.jJLjjjjV LlLu^q^J I X .2002 3^ ^Ly^- *3 A ' ^3-*-^ j^-Laj 3^t-) ^oLtjjjVi j.*\\ ^ H A.LdliJI Liaji l—LI j <L_ ‘~ ^ '33 .c_ill£3i I JJt ^ LLeJ, ^c Uit 3i>ali (Jx-ai111 t ^3333 (j-«S3La 3l3^-^^ ^y^3-Lu*ll (±L-3r 31 3^3^° : _d3j_<^Lul 3>^3^ 3HC^h1 3 3 81 2000^ • iU>tl LAJ3J3 ^^LxJjuA ^LaIL>.Vl ^3 3^° 3 ^^ 1999.4-LaliIt 4,^, Ir>J ^ .2004 ^|>.Joq 4jj^U~J 1 4_u^oit . jJ eilloL^ ^>- 13 X ,4jjIjJI 57

^ j^J JjllliMI aJuaJ' oX& <j 5JU4 hxsjjc^ *w^>tjj .SJUillj c5 <yJ 5*51 l) d\\ <JLot ijf~^ (T^?' (3 Jj)lg-i' ^Lc-_J Jjij 4_Juil ^jli ^jljj ^jjw»AA£- (_5*^‘ JC*^J .3JUJj»- (JLojCLwIj aL^-L^-I CjLc-Ia>- f jA> a1x»*I ^Jl JJI oljJjjJlj ^yC-LvaJl (3\"J-=*«J-! ‘-3-’^ ^•<ds’ clot e JuJl4-! «L4-I jLs-l oWl ^ jA(JL»j»XwI _yJLc- J-5 JL*j ^JJIj ^ J (jj-A-JI <_£ i aJLms'jJI (40 ( ^lp4 lo <3 . 1 1—3^^-^“ l^^al . A*. </? 31 C fr f ^ dXjJkl 1 l-w 1f , f ^^ f ^yC-L<kX>-Vl jJ-ojJIj jj^a 3 JjJ^»- (Jl^Jul djj[^as 3~*\"J aLAj'i/lj A^J^jM\\.*| .%3 1 ^^i ^ ^dll ‘ ^ ^ ^ ^^ 4. . i, - 1 ^3 .A . I^?nl J $'1wXaJI t . 1 1*3 ^^4 ^Jl <L5' Jjii4-lfl)) . <U£-L*.jJt plj-La-li 4jluj\\j A-oAj Ojlj ^ ^rJj ^sJI) >AJIj Jsr^ CJilM ^ Jy.^- (^~rt i_ . Kt£'j^SfMjjissll J ‘V*^ ®^-*o (4~~srj al ^llj il£-J (J^*^ ^-» aJUjJI a-Aa <J}(>-j A>-jJCU XwisuJ! A^C-{xi>-'J) CjU%JL) A-Jl AsUsili Jul>~a A^A*li-l <d>-jil (J^->\" (3^®-^^ aL>-jAJ 4^L*A j^j -iij .AsLsiJIj 4jJJ aJykJI aJl^ aJU^Ij yi xs. ^J.1 JUiS'l fXe- Neotenie (aJUJI) ixjS-I .(_jLix!l ^JLsdU aJL«Lw oUl^Lal^ j ^ Cf°^ J^Wl a^aIjIa ^dJJj S jUiil J ls£-'X~>- J\\ Jwji*x!l JlC-lvaJj ((JjJji-l .aJ l_^uU11 J-JLjcJI ^c ^z*Xj ^J.1 jJijuj .^uUJI ij^> JjLiil jj)la\"< (3 ^Aj -Liao lg <jt l ^ AJb^3%xJI ^J&J (_j .73 J4^u t^yXi (jl JJja 82 58

-' i 4 4m\\4\\\\^ 4 4\\ 4'illj *Lii\\ /IsL vjl iJuJM e Jjt ^j£- .AjtlUsJj dl.}^9 4jco (_£jl ^ JUJ.^Ja)\\j (^? »...3aJ' aj^pJaj UjI£ L$Uij Lol^ 4j(JlJI ^ja OlS' <d?- ja ^9 aJUT *L c£4l' ^. c)T Ajl.u 3iJi^-l ^a ^j.jUI a-1*p jl^-l *iljJ t£ a^m Ol£”j :Jj&j £j* ja •—SjWI JUsTl ^4P J.*^ . AP-U? 3' Ai-3 la j^JaJ cM ^*rd AJtj4i aX*^-j ^3jU)l jL^j^JI o! jv3 kiUi J*fc- 83 ,((4j jAyrj hi\\j 4i'^hr OjJ-Ai Aj li A£»bv (*)?l C»~J) Ayoiaall UOljjifij JS*j 0 vta-tJw» jisjti* i3j»JJ (41 <1)3*0^ a*JJ jjSU ^3 j ^JLpJ tc j£ jj SLji-l j^Jaj ^jlc- ob*u^ j«Ap- LgXvJ A^AjS/I (_j-^ 4a jjiil AjuVlj Aa^II LajIajI JjlJLajJj Ai^ljJt eJLft i UL^ol j«JL»Jlj JL>- Iaa^Jj>sj ULJ “°jj j- ‘0 1j j (jj j./?3 .1^3^*1 0j*^2£- ^3 (Aj jil 4^g*cjj\\j ^jlJgl (3 3j 3jA l>v*gw5 (jOli-l a5L>-^! a\\jI L«j jjkJL>-t Jillj jJlP-Lidt . ( LAjL oLi^S\"! 3<^?-a 0 ^~sCj ij^Ej (3 *^(J-- L^^jl |cJL*-L! A^tJj .’ (j^ Lt-fl.9 2 jJj^o k_ijl_»uo dUAfTj ^1a»u ^jjl+£t?>-J 2djwb>- 34a^a <i-OL>'^jjo aIsjL) ^yA>%Zj A^U^/l iSj 3^^' 3 ^ygL- ' c- -/? > 3Aa3J jc jliw JUi (-5^^ J^’^'d (1)^— jJ^-z ^ 3^jAJ (^jJCa yg>~) sJlfcC- lo.; 2.,rg j*d^ 0| Jd J 3^ a 3^ ‘wlJj 4^>tJ ;131 9 a^jL*3^ ^d ** ^ ' Lc jOJ .73 •t/i j->-jll ij-^j ob>° 83 .2001 <UjLm jVl .4_*jLujV! 4_ul_Liui ^L>. J^lj 84 59

C LL ^— . JJl1 J^ill h ^3AjjJaj £_e jjl 4jLjJ ^ AiJl a C-jl^ 11 jjoVl aJLa La <_3 *>L>*jj >\\ ja»-.Wll LilalS” 4la>- |<> g alia .a jijLs^l! IAa jij\\iL>-LJl i JLc- ills ^la«)l a i—aJ aLli-l La eJjkLijJ O^AX^j jaA 3? ^Lalil ^yjcuJ (_j j^ialil oLJTj 4j>.jljl--lj aJ^-IaJI ^JsJl jliS-l (3 —1 ’l^lilj . <_£ ^A.^^1^ Lx»a ^ I jLwwVLi LLwjl jL . .. 1 ojjj~*o aj ^ ^’ 1 -^3 . II Lai ^ 1 t ^a 3-®l^£* .iijLJLll ^^>-V1j ^a a-uuL^-1 .Ia^^L£ jc AJis 1 ^aVl jijCjj .(AjLiIaJI Ala IjA^aa IjjJ (_£J>Jj ^jJl 4-ALaiilj 4^C-Lal>-Vl 3\"°1 3ejlJ (JL?»a ^ (_£ ^jjl! >t-~- ' ~ (_£ Jj^-1 jj)la\"U li JxAll ^jVIj , ; ^^)1 A-Lc ^a ^*i-l j^lalll 3-®l^£' oli <AJJAj^ .<L3Laiil ^u^llxJl 3^ia^ 4j^u^-1 ^uaLxaJI 3^^l^J-a-lo (_jLfliJI ^.a ll i c' '—H‘1^ Ajljla (42 ^ys) <L^0 j! .La a lj_JJ (_£Aj* jLSiJI ^-alil g ^j ^jLlllj £tll 4AjJ t_3 jj«l)lj ^yC-Lal>-Vl i3 ^lilj '— , *iTS/l (jLajOlul ci-jA^-l jLjYi C» »_s1AaI <L£>-ja O^L>-Aj ^J^iaAij .J-aI! Jil3lj ( J^ia <J ^Aj^aJ La £-1^J*i/l Ju® jll^Jl j_ylc- i~~\" ^JLaA-tj .Lajl-> ! 4juAah\\ j H 3Lajl-> ialA^JI LajUI Ajlj. u £-lllt olj»jJ ^yM 4jL*A-l clol LaS\" .IAjI ^JiSjVl ^yht- L^l. ^jLuui t ) A^“ ^~~jk3 ^; Aj lLDaJ 0 Ja U- ^ Jf -Li L . HL)jj cjAa uI 4i$j: jL«jVl aL>- jjJ'j aAj»*i!! 3?^ ‘AjIj jis 85 3^jL»-u A^^*-a4jsLusj A * *^La Lj Jj^LvwJl . 3^o\\i%i-L; iwuC-^LJI a, jjjaLs 3^ j^.M juj?Li-l j-®aJI (_^3l Aij ajjjill : Jujt-iJ! ~.~\\ ^^jjJill <UjU v~i<t Lull! dj aIo lX t ujI^-i a 4l>J cA1 t=-b 85 ^ ^jLujLa^-j TT iVij hjLaIoL^JLI i__]l^_] _julje./q 4jj>J <uol jLL^ua 4-Lft-u ( .1999<j3e^*A' 60

24ui\\4\\\\j 4A\\M4 jlllli uiLiill /Id J ^> i!Us>U-lj jil jS- jIjS/I ->lSo J (j 3^*^ . aLIS Oj& dJLLUt tiDJSj jJIj jlva^^t AJjajj jJjJI d)ii iiDJL) IjlJj .Ijc^Ijj I j~& IJl>* ^Aj J-JLiCj CjwSlo- a>4 (jldiJIj 3JjjIiJI <c*jfcLi»wo ^«AjVl oIj IAa ^ys «/? 0 j 3 0*^«<Jt iJlA ' (_jj ^lii® .SJblji* i~»Al L»^J - v^ 1 Aj1»i] l)L*j^I (jo ,^3i <0li j-lajljJI JudiJ j! ^>1 j*J oUU^- j^« (jLjyi flL>- (3 <Sy*i. ii 3jA-$d!l oLLid- 4^4-<k ( .iAAc- «UdL»i>-lj <Lo ^3 61



1 4Ajulillj aa\\M\\ 4 iu l—illl /It ^Ull ,j JslJjU jLc- 6 3 jjialll <L»o tw (43 Jj J1 J-*JL wLSIaIIj > oli a^ju-1p j-« a5U^ <3 ^OuLxJI ^Jl*JI I Sjt ( > ^o aJu^p ^3 fj^ 3joL^jVI ojJj^p c*JtS” {j±>- L&Zj*?\" ^ ^ LLLVl aLJUJI LUVl tjL j«J flLi-l 3^\" (jy ajI^aJI aJu 2L4-1 ^a-£Aj (jl -iljli Aitlj (3j ^»L*J1 L aLH(3 Alw (jLoVl Lg-3 aL>- (3 ^jVl ^\\jitS**)} d)\\j~£-\\j oLuVl lAJ AjjLaUj A«>-jJ^jU1 A*jJ*11j (J^U»- A~L jU-**^ Oj^Ja j (1985-1892) jL jL^la <JL*L 3-*-“^ ^-$41 1 4* (j-L ^.aAJOJI LUVl 86 j(1892-1985) jSJll ( 1976-1904) jL^r CiljJI <^_ ^£^ojJL) 1 nlfclLa 4 tmilttll £_ ^_aVI LaJuc. 4 j<ii mIaJI 4_«_oljV\\_i LaLtlLa 86 I Jl> I Jk£A .4 rtoilnll ^Ldlt 4 jrt i girt 11 4-iuiIjVI^ I J^jj «4jl j ^£3 4jjLrt_« LfcLtLgjtluit 1 3La .^uLij^cj ^^^ 1928335 ^3>-*-u~ -Lq ) 4_uL^LaJ'i 4L_ul3t 31 5^j^>- j-^c. ( ji.L jLur.l C<jK I 31^ Lol . Oj. M,~|J a 6 -iL*£ i-A l un^a^3 L^jLiu £ya Ljjt ud^jjj t A3 <v-i-i..»4 ^uljJl y^ ln.1.1 \\ J^j ^)j) )^.4^3 1 »lrtH 4_t«\\jVl 3 t*~t <1-1 i^yLo*. jl jLLu^^Ljj 63

^L HI 1 1 C-Jj£- Jj jls 4j^\\i3i jAt-')} ij\\j ^S- jJ u>u*J -Lo»j <*ju*Ab <L«UI L^jj5«j o y* < a-/s~\\\\ ( jLJi? J1 AjCvsIsj 4j 4u/»UA4 i?J ^JL)lj jl UAj wL> Jj£- j-C- ( ^JLp *X**34 Ol (^5^ <J^ (3j (J^* ^~J3 ^]| 4>*^x)l £4^ . (3^ ^ip-^ AwUVl 31*P'3„^ A^v-Ab aJ&H ^j*JLs L)l**oVl Aa3 ^1^*2 ^.ygC- 4»wl^3 87 (3ij^ 3^3^ 3 3 ^Jl5j . olJJU 3^j-U Ajlwb 4JaA> aJl*^«j AjuJail J&- ^ ^y*3 iJliU ^ja olJUl <J j>- j^i!i /^3 i J-A 1 41)1*3^1 ^JU*j(44 . l , ^fxjiJi i>lju **^*^3i ^Ip- 3^3^* 0^ ^3S‘*-,, ^p* ^Jl ^LJ ^yic jLuj^U tj i^_) ^ j ** ‘ 4_4^j IjVI ^yAJ^ja ^741 1 ii <lL) ^.^11 Cy^ lLLj Jlj^5j ^^Aj’ifljj l_> (j~i ^fl.-w^Jj ^juiJj J ^ujLk^ -j^iJ^-uS^j ,ji^ jU<Li_jj) n.«j l£ 4_*_ulaJ I ^jlc d^jjui m ol uI j^Jsa-LcJ 4_ij_u <_idj J ij till lib**. jJlu^j . ^ i j>-'^-/ 4 <j^j-ijuSLj (-ill t^iixLa />^ <-^U jJ (itscjil ^^^-iLsLxIl L^i,Lc.j CjLjI^j^JI * Inj>- a : <-J^2ju X —i Uij-aJ.1 JL. ciotjJt j ^jLtujVij Ciiln jtt a Ljlj-oJi Cj^L^>. : Cj t j-ij^ 1909J X JSL^iSL*^j (j^3 >-Jj) A AJ ( 1970. ( £)j jj 1934cr^\" <--jj>,^^j^ ii I^itll 4 n i <ilgl ^j-uj-A x) i^y£- La^_i t o )J AjI jj i^^-lojlII 1921 (1909b 1908j 1907 CjI^jLu 4jujL>. «L- Jjj^>. Cjl^JoLscja ^jU>Lol 1 ^yua Hi <L<ijkLt-ij<» (jLcuj^l ttlLia. jJjj^j.^.^ lIL^j jLijjSj X .4ojli)l 4 1 In 1 \\ .(1958 l1»jL>o^jxu 4 1938XtJ-J-*-\" .^^l-L^i-iy! :<-AJ^JU ^u-q-l! j . ^jj-i<;tf> ^tjLc. ^Jj_ 4-a^bJl X ) jlli-Lo^a^Jl J[^>* j! J-u-aJ i ^jjl^J J|^>. JlJ^stxlt — ( x , 4jj lii 1 4 • 1947 ^ ji j 4»jjJl>J I >-^ j 41 i •t .. <i 1 tI . i ii i t i »1 1 i ... i Jj1 l» t, | I 1 949cii^jtj— 1 ^LlJI^ 4 tj_Jr>ll '2— SLj>J! AJ J_Lo -ilati! ^JLjJ) 3j^j-o :l_oJ^U .( 1926( LLu l^ijLlM jJ^Luuo iciiL x 4-uIjJ 1 Ai>-^o ) *1956x J^JL4-A J4 jLJ w\\-> i ^jLtaJ^I 4JJj^3J CjIj-UI C-AJjji (TjL^* JjVI ^L*Jl» ) (1973 ^>fijji l)** 64

24<«]i\\\\j id-ill 1 /ild aLd-l i-g-a-A 4-dddll L5^*i (_£-dl ^J.S.«il -Xaj j^^-j^ j~Ju. ®. a j 1927^Lsi ^j/S l» (_ja5I •c^u ^yis % 1928 3i-» » Die Sonderstellung des Menscheni^l^' OLo^l ^Die Stellung des Menschen imO j£ll OLj^I aJj^d 01jap c~£ *c^21 ^ c3^ j^* . ^-oLodAJ i dwUVl 4jl^u (t Kosmos r 1929.<As- j»JLio (^jl-ltl J-»A <_$l UJjlj£a <j _( J iLc*. Alff- jJU-l (_^JJI 4l»J^ jls OjdA y(j d^S- 1928 AU« j»Ji jL*>W aLi-l ^Jlc-j <-S .JLaJI Die Stufen des OrganischenOLJ^lj ^ya*)l y^; jl d*liVl jjls ^-UJ-I Jj du*xJ.I djll 2^-521 ^jj . und der Mensch . (_£^y2jJI A^l> yA jLdilalj La-gJ^S” (j jlfc LlXa jL«d >Aj I—jlxSj ^L-\" 1 dyxa djl^~*j) i_5^Ua)Vl 4,la .<3 ’ l a g^.P iwd.X?xj *d^ijl sjj>sj Der Mensch. Seine Natur und seine (*1WI dyj as*Js> OLj^I a ^jUI y <waJU>- jl Jjo j .Stellung in der Welt • ^^^1 4J-C jjb “ ^jA jLxMjjfl 1947<C*S^ 4JL**/ \\ Si ... ^o j£ll OLj^I aJ ^d*3 |d yj| isjJia JJLC- dutiS^I ^*3p ^lla'.a jl^ ^ yL^l~SaIjlJI aJu ^jic- j . kya\\^-\\ <Up ja l£ iJl^-il j£'\\ A^*jjli ^xJt ajl-J Lo jUpj^ oLm<^VI <3 dJojAj l)L**oV1j l)I oLllI ^J-vSAil JuoLi-l joJIaJI (3 11 1976 7^ -7. i^a oLaI jLi ^uiloll xbtil ^jl ac *^l 4jC.^_qj?c_q 0 y>- Ld, ^ 88LdJ <^—*1 1 11 .\"., ' 65

y jAi J&j . ax-\\ j jj^-j Ajjjj«-i a jj-*aa viUj -Lis ^Idbj . L^>-jL>- ^jL>- ^ii Lgj ^j>j* %yy cy b ^W l ^5 1> 1 3a*A-i oidisdi ^ op -^ •W^'jd Jjbx« 3 <d' L)jJ o^\"' i_r^ 4 l5~^^ £jjA Lr L* aS*>UJ' JJJ ^Jj> J^i-I Ajlii! A>-J-d' J-^J yyt ^^a oL^V' ‘Ld^A-'j (jL\"jVl (45.^) aJlA-1 jJI ^Jd' ii 0 3o'jj-l JC-*s . Aj^s a*S”^-L-*1 Aa> (_£^j^*J' ^ j - '/> Q\\ • AjjJ Aadl (j-^j ajJlj£- <—a*+0 oL*~j^/l .Ja^^la ‘CS'^x-j <d aLA-' ^\\ {j* 33-ajd' cy oL^V' (1^4 •*. o' '-La o' Vi, ^jA\\ Jj> 2Ji ^-^>j • spontanes Handeln j-ud' *Lib j' ^Ad J^jJ' 3 Op cA^JjA ^A-5 4 OL-d^' j/3 a '~'_ La 4l J_p Lg-«—utio (j- , ja- aj^ £j \\ jdl ^ &xx. U UrsacheAJ-v’V' il*J( Jic ^AJI jpa 1J5 ^ ^3oli^c- j11j| ,_r^' oLdV' »jaiMO j .TriebuberschussoUl jJ~\\ La o^» ./2,-J'j o~$dlj Joj«j o' aJ Oj <ca-L«o>-V' .~.>oj ApLa-A- ' .4SLb ^^aals J^a AA-Jl^p 4j 3 WJ,./gfl> La-g-a IjjJ AO^I^di a^3'AJ' A^JLa a^jOjj /^a LgJ La (OjU!^*A-' a «aLL> oLx*»jVl il)' La^” il^LJ' J-ySAJ oU-U-lj O^ 1 jjla»Oj ajOl Oatf- a^S'ljJi .ii ^. Ldl ajLc-3 ^o^dJ' ^ISouVi '•Ol' JffjAx ^ ^j'jdi 'A«a <ulpliid)) jJl ^iJU A-Judl J ^>«-a ja Sj jOa*J' AjJ> ji]' JLjl jj liddS” ^aw ^oT. . . ^jj ytfl 3oVLA-l ^aJ^ OjL—o 3^ dL^VS —Lg.a. 'Lao 89 0 ^jdl i*j'3' A»-jOjlj. i^ tjjJ-\\ ^jj“ 3^dJl o'-^-*J La-gS 3^yLajJt al^jjl 3~*^J . 2 896.^13 y• ^a-^JL I ii rt ) L~L 66

J jII :i * iiuAiW 3 31 tuLjII /lc j aIs^j 4Jl—)Vl ol>-Li-l £-L—^ A-o^o 3^*7 £~'--v3 \" o' c_5 A^^J^j,laT......3 o'—jV' 1^*5 ^^sa; jLi>-l oLJUj- A^gll «JLa> 1 1JaJ oLjV' lJ^~J •'3*3 j-«' *—3'0aV' Jjc*- (_^'t J-*-*-\" 4->- L^JudA) ' —.oL>-li-l 0 aJu*? LgJ i_3IoaV' -bwO>tJ j'oJ! 4J Oj ^(3 ^J-*a!' jys ; .(^l—]' ‘/3A 11 ^isLll) jA ljJ-> aJ_*aJ' A3 j-»il ,J oL>-jOj' 3^>-^dJ ^jV' ol>-jOjl o»L® ^jjJI JLavo l^Ayg o'—<V' oic- 3 a>-joJI ob—^j-Ji j ..' Lg^s j*>0 Aljw Aj Cl lillj .(1)LjVI VA^tJL (_£0j| jLsJkl y&J ( JajJI) jy0^ *>^~c J (Ja Ja^Atllj ^jljjJl ij^*J aoUI j~i-l O'—'V' j— s JaJJ L (o'—oVi) ^a-JjJ' (jjl^JI 4 '-Iaj .^JIaJ' c_j-' ^j*Ooj -ia (j- ( ' < A*—? Ol5 «^)5'ji-J Atf’jl JutOS’rJ jJj-b (_£JL)' o' J^i-' l_3^J>tJj (46. t — y. L o'— jV' UjIS\" ^t^s<3J aJOc£ LgJ $0 ij Af-jl y> jfo 3j >- jil 3 i j«JIjJ' jjAj olf- o'—j«JIp Ia jaOj iJj-b iVl ols jjrfs'i*- 1a»p>«a V-Oj • j«j jjAj o'—jV' 3L>- ^jA oVb>tl' jJS” ^Ju (Jj**-^) jJ' 0(9 jl*'* 3 jOj i»—s-j I oVU>J.' JS” J^LiJ 3jOaJI o'—j^AJLs .L^JlSwj (j yyij aJI^c-I dUi jA (Ja t— ^dOjj*3-^ Oisail aJ ( (J^ii o' Ijt . »> jJaaJ' o' (3 jA _r~'o ClSUa aa- aJ -Ou o' aJjiS (l O' 0LJV1 o' Vi <(V» ucJ .sU-i ^Ju 0 Vl ol>U-lJ oliJl ^J5*JI) ObUJI 3y-\\S)) .((flU-l Ja'j)) o'—JV' Oj£ JaaJI J ( ^JjJI s-^i il 90 ^~jj & ®'^-' AjOnfljj AJ^I ^5 j«JL*J' ^ 3j^'-^j Vl o^- joJIaJU o'—'Vi aS^lc- \\a e. .A_jtjj.o 98. 2001 ^~ \" AoAmiflji A^uijVi c JjT jjLaj^>.90 cjjL>. 67

^ ' j ^4 4UlI-)) 0\\^J^}\\ j-> ^lw2j 4.L/2.tf.» .iJLujj - oLS aS'j-U lo J-s^ dijjJ «(4Jp) l£j02a)' (aIj j-i OlkLo) J» .iiljjl Cj\\s- ya ^yll eJCS- (J ^^-jUi-1 jcJl*J( ,3 jA JA 0l\"->^' lo CjLc- a 0A v C-jfLu*) O' Aa^ajj Oj£± _^A Or* Ol^V'j ^»Uai ^JU Ja^Xj ((lftXjj>Ia»o)) jl CjIa^O? il 4 0_?-5 4Ja <_j* x- IjSjfcJ .4-^i-l AjL^IC-Ij 4^j' (_«jUsjJ JjJlSolJ' 4j lo j' £\"j'jO' OJJJbj .^oJLxJl ^JlC- 4>-liaj'j 42*C- j£j 4jaj>to J£- oL-uVl J~C jA lo 3345jJCO i_4S^oj _yAjlsjil t_4Sjil jjw ^ eJJ^9 ( IjLOtJ'j (ojIp o-O^o ^^oV' ^J' (_S^ ^ J ~i£-l jlo* .aJs- Hj V.<jl“»J^l! ^.ol.' ^-HaV' j«JU' ^JlC- 7- ^o 4<v Ai lo ^l yg~>-l ^yA (ollu' l g' «>•) g >> OjImS a-iJl^to < «s! ^jo ^J1 a^jJLiJ' 3\"° ^ g lo liLol' L^\" ^A 3^ —J Ajjlla>- olwoJlc- 0 1. ,,/?>• I_jlc- ^'1® < J'i £&jjU' lW-^- olOu'j oLc- 3^“ (3 ^H' Or* (Ij^*-\"=) 3lislaj (_y~N <Uj^U' 44LJJ Jb-'j <uaJlM <Lc- j~e jl' jjlp jt^*i|l)) (j^i) .lolo ^Ot j*JU3l IjfAa O' j£c Jj . aSLwoAJ 4Ai>xll iatO»j3' ^iijJl UJjt j*JW' U^ (jjaUo (47 . _^>) ( 3hj*^P j] Ol^o^J' ^Lo' OJU.!^ jA j^JUJl ^ O' lo j*>ll jJWI ^W'^-baj*^\\3 .(iLc-j^ji! 44 jaUJ ijjj^OiaJ') 44L~<JJ IflAni' j*JUJ' OlO^iJ ^oLO^' ^Uj ^J' 4jj^-*^' 4L«Lo ^ ^£j4j\\S*j viJUj /*' j~*j O' Ajjj^aJ' jiaO' ja j?ti) .oiyrj Jj j£ s 43 jT —4 OJ ~ 30/,ja Ojl OL*o)i' ^C~?u J->a5' Ji3 * JiJ jj-^jao ^cAj^»34 4-liP j*JU!' Ol«r^» OLo^' i-jjaw 'jj^j ;*JW' $y~i 68

4AuAili^ 4A\\Aj1\\^ nil ikl /Id .^« dLjy\\ ju jl j?- 23*^ju La (jUat j«S|i Jlfl <Ui2s^-l ^9j aao . .. —list)) j jiaj l$jl iJj'bh j^>2 ^£- 4j ^ysJJu jLiT 3 > ^aS- yA L« j<d i^IaXa Ows ^ jt\" L*S\" ,!S^\\ <y>- i (j jjU J^lJI u^\" *— J iLtjjll j~ji.~J'j ^A^i-1 (jo ilUll jjlsi ' ( (jo ( jLjVt OLS’ (j) ^Ji j$s ii-L)j JS1j .^Ja^jlj jAll! 3J^aU3 <CjJL« ^ jt 33 ; 1 i IJL^j j^.*1 4-wljli . Ju^A-lj ^d-^Jl <_£ J*J 4 (_y*J .^J^-*JL)j jj^dPrJJll (_5-lJLaj iJjlc-J <Ua 11I L>-j)jlajl ^yjl_J (j- Wlo ^ji^- - uj L$iV dJJij .a^4»JLa]I Iaj+&£- olJ L^> 0 >XmJ ivJlj d^lsj 92 S-^*-***^ i~j^HlJI «*| i^°^i . (jLjVl ^jJlc- jj-^J AjuJaJI .OLJ^n Ols^jij ((^ jJanJl Ols^ji ol^- ji» j ^ju 1928 (jjffjll jU*>'% j-Uo ! Jij ,((0L«o^lj ^Lgju Iaj^W ^3Li4 ol>-ji 3^S2ij 4->^-Ls<3 ^Jj HjjIp 3 Jll jLxc-Vl jyo JL^-^J ^jl a.^all 3 jJji1« <UA«Ji <L.UI Aj^a (*3 3j~^o j^J oUjygiJI jo jUw^J <3 0?^Ja>Vl 4.1a A) 0->lS”j .(J L*5ta iLls ijX>- ^ya LgJ Lc j~o^3 oU^MajJI 01 .3XoLi-l s-L-ii'yij ^^L»j>-V3j .^ojCj ij-b>- _jAJ LgJi>-b Jyi jl Lgi»-jL>- U^»*J f-\\ y*> ( 68.^ 1963 £jLJjLlA 4_i_ol_jVI 4 oaLia ^jl>JI <£LLo 91 4_Jj jJl 4i?til LjI^>-IjL> £— Jj5 l ijrtijLj ^l 4_g,l^~ill :<_Jl1^ i ^i)j^ £»>lj . .29-11.^2 (2001)10^jIiji^l:Vu j^LajL £ji x\"i t u»j£ 4 jiiULuJl dLctU Ll>» t a3 4-aLsLi]Ij 4^a£. (JV (1v° Cjjl^aJ^ja^ . .2003 69

jI . J'.{jCJi.Js A3*>Lc- AS'^ki- LgJ ijJlsLA-1 aLJu^I i jA-I A^ ((^ W! ) a* (1$^**®) jl* 1 (48.^) . l^JUari) 4*ip j_2 (j-° ls^-' Cr4 '-fcH jjjJ-l oi^ iijJJj J• ia^>J.l aJL^o <_£ Jru aJL^^c dJJi oU!L^JLjc»t-s OL»J*yij il^jJ-1j jjaA-L oLvajVt o.u>LA-l ^LJLVl o^AAx-s frL^Sjlj . 3L»J0 LiJJi JsjjJiJl Ji£ 3LM 2. j, ,v.a I^j^Aj » : A-I ^JU. A-i-S\" c^- L5 Aiubti UL^-I Jix *uA-l CUwwJ 3»i»bH ^L^rSfl v3^AAw «Ul^» ^4j» l^isg .A-A-i , ^i j^A-l j\\i jlaJ' ^jjklb j^Sl' 3! ^ j A£)U» ‘ij ^A*L® j* Jbv*j a£ jAj?\" J2*- ijru AJLkl 4j Ak jJj A^- jb- ^C- Jb*ll A~*JjJl AaJbjJI jji ijuA-l <$sy>j ...Ja-^til aJU^j a!*3 *Abw JJbcS k~>JJ JWII ^glj aAUs^IIj a£U!1j AflJUJi ^ ^jUdlj ,«a jJjuJU 44A3t« frLi')) *LiVUiJ-l .^^« 1>-1 jl51 Jj^Jj Ub (_5 jl Iav3j^JL« Aj^^J _yA-l A_SjAJ tliJAS' aL«~>- ( A.\"x^ol>- ijl (_j ^£5 ^OJ (L)L« jjlj (3 Ajub 3 35>*^ Aj ^^3La^JT A^A-1 f-kjuVl A-3^juj ^ j) ^ all 1-AA -^3 .AoL*33 (^JVJ ^ww»xU IjLjuo ^ivauS ((AjJ^ 3^ A Lai .(o!jL>_A4 94. 3a-R- Lr* °LJ' j j' H>- >j'j3\"'j • 111. _• ^D jJ, I cJjf 9 3 i> j_j1jJI jlL^eJ. <LalSUI ^jL^VI cj^ ^ 1 a 94 ^^-i***Jl tiiL»-jj : 1 1981 n^hf . 7j 6j S 70

J ^ y5 . kAuAMi^ iuLiil /Ac. ^j^JU (_ LgJ oIAjJU (j ij\\e>- ,3j .Lo^j^S\"jjCj kliJj ^y> 01^4-tj ol5l$L«l ^Ap- y> ^^»-\\aJ yAA oUUt 01 <JjVi ^LiU c ddo\\ 0^_y^j OOoVt die- Oils (jJjull l g.n.^3 l olOJ Igdwldj aS\" 4-1 (J '->^0 0! Ol^^l! ^y^ (Jls^-* i_«-wLo (jJJuIl Cj^~^ ^dJbjjoJl ^«!jl l$d« Jxj J! iSy1 ylsxW aJ y~^l oldilj .aOI^ Aj ^\\-i£li 0l~^0!^~A-! J Lol.AJa-^>t« jj 3^dl~« ^jJJj yA y^S d-UjJj ^ V ^uA^ ylajS ^.gla.^wa «. fljivu .aJo^j! j»Ualj*yS O^Ajjj /tt.gl»qo ,_j O ^yb.((' .'A^Jl A^ 5^sLll)) ^ylp jlo^J j«_lSvJj jlo.y3,U !d& <t,gJa.>t-o jjUu 0! aLOw! la^wo ^jjlflX!!^ ((A-^^-l^ll)) {(Aj^S\"^ll A.^».i!r3 ^d*Jb)-9 jJjLiJI ((Aj^S\" jl! jOJb) 95 ((AjjAsJb) ^yCAsy . ((^J-stiU dL < ^j..y3 ^01 A^JLO 0 y^. d*^^0 A*Ot-v>3 yAy i y\\J wd.M.^d ^'^*0!^ jdjcO (49.^ — ^**4-1 JU^I-S\" aJLjij O^J A^>-Ls<a A*Jp- ijV ^011 AA*/2y) Aj4d AijUtil A*xl& ylaj>i\\ 00^!^ ^yy^ i3 L^*^' j£d L»-i~>-)) Ajy^y aJ. (( -l!^Juait ^^jC o^ic A^>-Ua ^jJI ^4-1 Ca; 4$14I jl iJLa .c_^>-LaS1 IAa LgS\"jjj jt j jAj aa^j ^S\" j(_ ob<~j^A . AJLff- U^»y>t« li-Ui AJ^J .AJU jS\"jil ^jbj>*J ((ia^uj))^\" _yi-C' Ajlj (l)L*J^/l lol ^jli>- J^-y) ijb^yVl y^l . aJ_jL^L« ( d«>i)y£j HA^ju^ayC)) yA .((UI»«S\" Je>-yj ob**oVli liJL)Jb_J .AjIj ^yjl ^AsL^^* J^-L) ol Ajt^iyj (.lijj^\" ^ll V£-. I <L>.j\\_>J I d ^ a l^J 9 4_ua-titlaJl d ,.^ l i I £_, d.i/ .iL-uVi jLLuj cHjV^A-o 11 j,,~„ \\ : .27 6 24 ( 2000 ) 48 <ujLivi 4 ^< 1* 1^11 4-l*.^ 71

« _MSJ1.M11 .AjIS jjuJ Alo aJLvs1a!I A9l__il jJLO- « ^>*aI 1 (3 d-vaLiJI l)J-> olSsiU 05aJ ^1 V ^Jl (j^4* (3 (3j ^«—“i-1 <3 oJw jjj dJJj £« LgJ^J .ej£ji {j£- aL^a.* (jl ^JalO \"i! jLjVl eL>-j .<L)1-«3'j jjMif jn*i 'f j^ if- £jJ~h -ifP 05^11 J\\ a is* <_£l JOi-l ^JoLjj JU»i-\\j J0>0 jL~j^li ^<aiO jA i«L_w>- AjIj£ L jli^i*A> cJjaj oj^JI j -oi-1 ^e. i>>jli-1 ./“•dl'-; ( (JajJI) **-*\"^“' .(Jas-) £jj Uaj' (_y* W^/'-5 v_iiS'( b)-u (^JUI ^LiJI ja j» .((jAnoJ')) L^_o_~j 3^0 a •*-^:?* ioJls^V 3^jA ^A^i- 4_wUi1 jj^Iall 4_A 5~ A^ iji .~? ^ ^c- ^-Lm25^/I (jii'Aj ^ ^j-Lo ^LiSI Oj^Cj ^1' (j^ OL-jVI ^«A£ . Ojlj*\" OlaiSj .J^SJI cJ 1 «x5d » aJUI oU^aII; L»SIj aaliu olJUl Jb-j • OlJiij jj^II 01059 ^J-ll .. ^. jp j~«!' jp cA^b»j ^a*JI . 3^*-\" £?J 5L?> £ jij jjUa» Ja-^jj . «• L-i>S?1 jv s-^O o~1>» ~dy* ^9j . . ^JjA j . jSjl ^lill Ja5j O' 4Jp OlT U j Oju flUj jA l» A?cw 4j' jAj &f ^^0£j j15JI *j1 4^0)1 jJI^JI *jj iL^-lsi^Mj ji 11 jJ' £^>jUI . (homo absconditus ^-jaoij^i -uj .-tfb iU^i ja 96 -n i«• 3 • ! • :SJliJl oLvsUJ-L o' UiS” .4J LvjU- lllc- Aj <_J^»«j o«>- aJ^ _ 1 ,A_dal; 3(_^*j aJj OJL' J^J - ^ (50 . oilo' 0jU- aJj _ 3 ^J\\ (ajj'j) dai3 jOjjUoU iLli j^e- i>-j1 j. . ^jUi-lj 3^'jJI Oju A>-jl3^'j iss*\"^^ UlHjddl il 1 . 1 1 S- j-o 96jjiiii cJj! l 72

44ml4l1j 241 4'illj jul iltl /Id ^a4j^\\j ^jJI^ j«JL*jl ^o- J 4-^J! aijfc JjjUajj ^.Aussenwel jUU ^JUll- 1 .Innenwelt JO-l-dt -JUJlj -2 ^ 0j' 0i>^'J '^' 0t; Mitwelt iiijiill ^JLOlj -3 .4-5 e-LOuVl l$J Ill ^vfllll -il-ii/oVl ^d- (3i»Cj jl V O^OiJj 01 .Ol__^~>dJ V[ (J^sO 01 (0^^ ^aj ^iajll i—dC-L/lll 4>-jJI 01 (_jA iiilj (j aIuJIj OLOVl J<JU- (j liHOS” £* ddO)d (TJ^-'j •d'j-5 lsH iS*# ^rrj^-' ! j^ialC djJil .jT ^3 . 4-c**a11 i_a£» 1 </2.i l ^Usj to <M^g> a^jLS* c3 ^«Jt*JI ^3 aJI L^iT 1g 1, i.JgJ\\ *ax£ ti-U^Ao^ .L^JLo 4jjt£ ot^Vl o> Jyjl tj& ^../2-* l^S” ^ aL^Ua ^JVl i_* t£ A$L»wO (jt**oVl AJL* JL>-tj ^£jL)l ^Jljjl jSJCS\\ (Jl>^ ^jj* >^; ja ^1 y^|j%J UIli»:Lj jj olJUl i^o ^1 ^pj; : io >-jJI die Mitwelt jayc97 }I ^jJJij <u« olJJl (d^- 0>l , «4J VJa^*j A^aII /oJtp^ . ^ll A>-^jIj^-I tjtv*oVl <—.o>- 1 ya.* ^£3 Aj .4J ^li?LJl ^JLjJI V4J Aj j*JL*JI j. \\jlwwjj_ Oj£j oLm-jVI o^\" Lo joJLt' Aj .U^jT I^0! lyg>c^ ^ ^ Ajue jj ^J Ip ^a <uaI i Ip )) .372.^ ^yuAj J LLuj 97 73

' Ssdlil! J*=aJ; if- °jzf- l5*rd <y°J <U^? J yr* d)k-~J^-Ls ^JLc-J OlJJI ywill! ^aJLc- ijG'J £^cllc-_J jlli-t ( . ^1 fljJljJI jA j& UaLp^jj X-4\"ij Oj£j J&J » Ju~>- K ytf l>sJi IS\" L^u Igi.'ga; jL-w'Aj jyb Aj jiio ‘Lajudl J UUyvji ,^JI O^iLsllJ! y« li^Uajlj JI v*- AwjUI AjyJj oIjLjC- naturliche Kunstlichkeit -La^Dl =ucd.u^)l TpL* _ 1 vermittelte Unmittelbarkeit^L- _J1 oli iyiLllj-2 J^j.utopischer Standort^L^bUI ,»La!I -3 j£ ^0i«yjLo islSiJl ((A. »..lall <U£.L^JI)I j» q g flg jU»«I^J jy£*> Aj&\\j s .’ StASjLdlL) t_ a ./?t7 A«^a A yiU i-A^) ijl— i . Si A WT oUJUjjto» —« j» U» £~*oj cM IaLstj 5Li-' 4iUi! »iyrj (51 ya) . (( yJA Jj UtJg yj ^Aib <UA?«J U-UP jA U)) I jj&- (( («»iijPTJ 4jy0 J yjasflC ^y^OA «uk!lj dJU.bj . L*. Jg j*-; U jl^^yo <jA]ajl <_$5JI - y£- <—45yi.l (((jjjy^J') . AsU&l yX£-\\i J~d' <W3JLi ^£- I J-kJI ^£- iiUill J-ySAj jLjVl aj-li j<kJLj yg S i CaIJL J ylaj (3 Ajtjds y5\\J . A.y3jy*j o4-> A « . .Ull J yjl V SyL; (^° oUU^t^ OUi^'jD.^UJb jUJ^I aS*>U. jjSco' iJLJ)fl oUly^VlJ .375 99jl^j-fccA 773.cjLj i^i. >Ll< < ii 3. 4_j^-i \\^ » 74 j 00i 1^ * * •• i *

tj 33 iUHlj4iLuiliJ 1 j 4 gfcAjLiJU iiit illl jiL JjLJU 4jULi^lj .^^((( 4*-JaJI aaoo£j j*J (A31&J' liJi o' V VO' Vl AX^C AjU O'y-'i- ' L«' . lc jAj AjuJaJ' £_© //J ^j£\" oLoVl a^>-^I3- V aV*^Ou isc-9 »i ** < j ^j/} .i ^j\\ yjl a_L& ^j]l AsLvsVIj l£”^Lw a! iV Jj ^j' ^^lc- Ijy^ailo a£” oj\\jZj oXs- jj>-j Vi ^yaj .aJLj>- j^JL oJdJjj ^»Lg^o i JUx© a«»aJ . ,3JjJj>- ©Ujj y>-' C->Ul©j«J (3Vlaj' a!aJLi <y9* lyJ' (J^d (j-* a!U>- £-j c.~»..J j^JIjiJIj aJLoV' aIV-*J' ols o jS\" \\c- o\\-~jV' aa-jIp- ^uL-jI I * y— oLJUjJI y« (j aWL- ol j iiV^- Jj 3^-iL© ^iV-^ O'' •*-- ' f ©y5\"ja yc- oI^jV' A^>-jL?t9 .j^JIjJIj oLi~->V' asi^Kf' ly j~^~> a!?Lc»i_j o'j 3 aoj oliUkl (3^*\"j jjoJ-l ^le- 0 j^J &£-* ISoLio 3jlj j**i ^©' a1x©u'^j AiV^^y>-jljA-l ^JIaJIj o'-w-'-’V' y^'o^3 -^a-c*/ ^©-\"-*-\" • jJU- j jj^JLJL oV-^aJ' ^yi»LJ' ^©JUJl Jj , olj>Jl>-j ^£-Liilj j^>aJ' ( /©j -Oj'jLiV'o a*JJI Ly3 Ja—j yJ ^yL-oVl ^~<cJ' (JL©a' o' L©S\" .a^*1I Jaalll A&\\1a© lyj» > 3jj+aj V' ^ V aj Ja_uyJ' o'i 3 ^©j ^^3 c ls J! J>'^' £M «l-?- A^jUtT ( AusserungS-i yJ' aLX13 JjSl' VJ-i 5L?- jj©*J j&S Aoj^- ijJaisAj AAilli« jbjir\\> ysj LUs UJLJ j Ay ^U'Vermittelte UnmittelbarkeitAiaL-^J' o'j 3 oJaj (5 2 , j»JLC-J AoL)t« 3 JjJ 0^- jA ^j£- oLvjV' A^»-jL>- j.^jld'j AiliiM 396. . 1_J^> jLLu-Mj 101 .4 1 O.^j-3 JO>-^_Ll ^y±Al ^Lj 102 75

l ^yllll wLJjJlj <Jljx>-Vl (_^*j jilsJlj AJVjJI .(JUjU i^\\ jl£li <3 (jd*^ ^IJjOI alft jS^il j£- i>-j\\ji-! jl—jVl ijevS j£. y£- .S.»J1 j&OU' ^lioAJ <d3jj *i/l L^JI ^^LJiJlj aJ U^jT (_f®cd jU> jll (3 ^ J. ^I«X*jIj <±>jjJ~\\ ^Us> jl£oMJI Ua t_^>tvajj . utopischer Standpunkt ^Hl.jJUil _j^' y jj-* 1-^; Jsuj jj L« jl—<JL*£-*y _5 4jLc*ll j^/l i— ( w—^0 LftjS- jl jbjj/l i > aiX^pj d)l j^-c jl—j^U ^jl^o^UI j»lill llftj c o^ -‘ L. ^i3j 1. 1 I* > ljV jUll 1 ^1 1 yll . j.li^-1 <ut>j ^«tu» ^Ull iljl j*&)) :iJUI d^ujl j-U-Lj - J* J *ij* £JjJ'j yjl Juji lol J.iHJ “ ^]| . ,^1—....-li y£J * ft j\\n .%->! ^ylc- iISL)^ 1 f)3 U. ((‘ lfr l*jI fl! ./a a j| jd-jJ .^Lq-lftVl jj«<l 4A?X—~J L< iLjis 3-1 -X?sJ ^Jls Lilli d^a' A <5^x*jLd3 j^ X . i /? ^ ^ 3 ^>-lxil jl— ~'-*d ! ir* L^l j^JI 3^1^^ ^/l ^-<^0^31 ^3 ^J\\J AJ> ^oJ jl jl jdi (j^<H -kLaj ^wlit ^lll 4—Ij-UI olft oL‘j>- J^>- oHsIXa CjLLi Lc Jjluj ,<s^S'-d d j 3Jj£—ll ^UaJI (_J <L»jg jl (J C~9^Jl <1 _y**, lj'^l ( do^Lolj oli< Lo^« US’. 1 jSJiaa I 4JL9JU ^>Ltt.>ft*yi .420. ,^-3 (_^uAj jLlwj^Li 103 ^, .4 Ati 4_4j,Lj_ii_]^ ^ 1a £jl^- ^4 j t <^*3-0 :^>sLa »j 1 i.a (j\\j ^ya 104 ^£.Loa>-VI jJjtaJi *L>\"^ 96*7x . 1 A(jjJ jLluj ^-> Cj^ <al ^\\.L£L 4^oIjlJI L^laj) i Ui 1 1 :^LJ, ^jul A X . 1980 (3rV J-d-1 4djJ^.a.'C IjK^ _jjLlujV1 4-IL.j. tl-^n^ l i in tdaji Oj^JU<_uL_ailJl jLlmj^Lj 4_l^IjI ^^JLl {jc. 4j>-jL>J 1 4-L.t-Ja ^-alil Cjj-<a-lA 4_i^iljl J[^>- 4a_Laj Cj ^UsLj : _la^j ^yitjjlj _L4> CjI j 4_l^jIj1 X. 1 989 iJ7 a A , ..l^tl jLluj ^ ^ 1 1 \\ J[^>- <21jLj_u Ij j ^jjIj 4 jl j4 4jl4 , .. 43 ^ j jZlo LyAjt x .1 15-92.^ 1994 ^jU' LTi£. i^j^c 1 j£ L73t-jji3jij 76

Jj j. j1 T /kiiil ill jJLi <o J^jL L« isLwsVU (3 j-*-« ijS\" /^c- <>-jUi-l okJ^l (_y!^ <lLJU jr-J jil k*2^_J ' 3^.i>-^Xll4 (_jAJ ^pkJ.1 ^ajo Op ijko^U a ^ g a ‘^ J-! UVftSJlJfcxt V' 4j».»/> jJ')) adAj <0 ISvJLa <Cj£j a J.u.> <jk->^/l d^S” daw? jJ LgAs«p Lg-^aj A_laj ^xJI (( jy -kwijsil j A(jl AajIj aj j. CL-Sj ijl 1 i^S” :3^0i3l dl33 a^~JC ; jiti jl S 4*< lo^u jjSo uS/l dk) ja dlk (_^JJI K^J-l-UVl)) c^-'-5 j^^ --^-'j k^AS' UVl ^Cy> jAkJI 4^1 J 6JJ*aj -L>-^xJI dJbli jl did OjJ .d>kk-ljJI ^yuliil (ju ,3jliaJI IJLa d~ii V.LgJk jlft^Jl ^.!a,~u,..‘i ld£j .I^ju> dw>-^31 jl jl dkLJI dkd>-*AJ kwiJl • JJLC- d^OA-l 4jlUI d^t>* dj«j ^-dsJ dkdJL) ^oVi IdA ^Jj^ ^j*JUJI (4s) jia) A**£jaj 4auJp oLd^l (53. ^ . Sy>J 4->jlaj jUsA (jL-jV' ^La i_j'93,oj kW5j^ai\"i a Jg. ' <L«^\\aJI ^5*^11 d*.^UiA d*d^ ^LC-1 ^0^ ^dau jLd^Li ^l£ * 1999 U ddjLtttjVl djtj_&Lldl g j-. :JjVl JlL gt. i du*gdjl tlAJ X . 2000 dl i ^i j^d^J >LJ J0 Jr ' ’ dl^djb *4 \", 2000 ^>.1 * -g jJL I ^-ac_l 1 n1 1 ‘J t ajaljJL 35-^ 4od-uldJl 4_iajljV1 - ) LlJjl t 4 god ) igij3 ^3-j-u ’ 4dj^Sdl jLu*^L> gld* 1997^jLojiixu x . (jLfc-u^gx «2_ o_gj^ d^SLa j' n. „l Tt 4_ujLjVI ^jdijVt 1992gijiji x. g iJI L5-“ LVI 5jSdJ 1_:r d> dl jjj-illJ t_ajudi3 jLd^L) x.2000g_3^j-tuj j£ dj^j ^J^jIj jLdu^Lj cjg 0 ^ ^bx 2003Jt; j_La CguixwLii Itjl jLIujMj Cj^ nl A 4ijax 1 ><j 1 jJJ J jL- jdJJj U>J dj_^=- tJ7 ,4_tdjj jLdo^L) 3^>- ciiLg ^l*U £j-a j dSJ i L^jta^o ^_yd. _xa»o cjl^i > «J1 t_7£.Ld>-VI ddll d-jjSLd.1 3*d! SjLiVlj j>Ii!l g-dJI :LdI^a 1, 105 .57.^ 1998dLuuij 77

a- Jj Ajijhj ^sjs> 4j^13j aJjU>i11 «0a aj Jju Lo (1)1 ^Sjt oL“»jVI y»ol jtj! 4JU Aj^jiaill «JL* Vojj • «JtSLi5l (J^5 jA ^Jj^J u* y& sa yS y>^jjl (O^Jj -A^JCj <Uvi <)' aX^aAj I jyA> JJf^i y^JJI yt J^jJI 's\\i oyA£- (j a^j_ja^\\ ijuljjJl LJic- jUitf-Vl y* jlioJ 05 ^jJlc- i_JbCj i)\\ y A^Sa^omj\\ tl)b*uVl l)I (jSji ^^?~)b.AS&jM ob^>Vi ^0)1 _J . jljj£> O^LoIj Jl ^_L>- jtc- 4I>*J JLoIiJj .aJL*JVI 4juJoU jill ^ Aj O^-oVl oi 4-CLla JCS- Jj£ L*S* ^LULjjLSlS” aJu^j o\\ (j^aSbJI t>yy£-j .^^((talijt^ JiVl^jl - 1 (_53[ 4jjUlU 4 ./a ji ^JlC- 4JL4JU *i/l Iw-JjCj l)I aJ \"ifj .((OlijUAl 4j I a£-)) AjU£\" ^c^muwJ ^ yijyu ^S i 4^>ej^bJI A-.' *w j ^ La aOnjC »L^0j^ j, ^ ^Ubj ^^w/Looj yxbayy Alii ^jl>- i_S ijj liy&r-* ULS\" aJl^sjjj . L^oe- 0^>%a *y i-j'Ijic-Vlj aJs>L-jjJIj 3 jJuLa*>UL5 4jb QO~Oj Ia^ 4 yej ijlij obl^g bb»oVl A5 jbjJkb 1986tZjLOI^Jslj 1 4* c^£> iAJLOjIj 4_u^Oj 4_j£.L<m>. \\y J 06l_i>. jlIjjjI v^fc. I 1 107 .1978 £jJZUj6 4_tJU) I^-Ltsl ( A i 1*~1 A \\jbj-£t dLalSLJl jLuiVI 4 \\ £aju\\ 14SOt'£- Jjj 1 jLw jJt :4-uA±Li 108 ^jy=> (KSA).1988 ljii7l l A yxi J aL*\\\\ 2004 (jl^ 4_wjLjl (JbL)l^x>J I 4uiio-=to3 1j. ?i>J ^j£. ^3 109 \\ A-o^o Cj^>aj1 jujo ^^-uj Lo ^jji Lo^^j eJij^ijy>- \\-CllmJ jS* j jJ Laojov. -3~ t~ ‘j-> \"3 4i^L^4 (2)^ jL^Vl ^ \"4”5 ‘ ^ ty-^^3 lt< ii ^ .1998 j^jt^JI y_gj yl^. Cjjj) n’C )j3 (_Ji]j^ L-ky^u-Lj HO^-ools jLjojJ J-^Aj jjL-ujVl Cj^o Juj Su.uSMj^b i Cj$J t— < u2 j£ aL-i j-u^j jJ Lqo^^M :LiAJj£ x * 133“ 132. 1994 A^UI ^jLoA un <i1a X * 1997 ^-il i ujVI jj) tn~<lt : 1^-t.uS La i liajt lJs^Iuujj^£j 1984djjjj5^ 78

j 44lllUHj \\A\\IA\\4 JUM ylli J^Jbs fjtjJi jj! j*5' j* jaUlsIIj ^UaUJ)) .L^sjj OlaJs i^ii£ij i ^iLa*>U' Jj'jJj . <L>j* JwIjx* Jau j; JU^asi isj*a*\" ^ 0Oliibyj («-»wJ»5' cjLi^«3) ^isll jils ^glj ii jLJI Olajait) a£'^-\\ £jl jJI jls jJLsr « u-«>j j)' ^jIIs jM oL~->jll tjj&- J-4^ i-bli4 <Jo- o\\ :4^lii-l 4jj^2jJI jL~j^/l A^x^aj 4ll£- ^yL-jVl ys.k, J1 ^yUa L extrauterines*^! ^jU- ^jVt iuJIj Neotenie (^ji\\ -by) iJWI i—jll.j Ay^ixJl jJUJI ^bolj fyl j jJJI Jljs-I j Friihjahr \\ j ^.4—US/l jjic- (j 4jjS\"JJ £yjUll oLlSOl 111^(54.^ : Neotenie Vi3< y> (jl LglS^ (jL-jVl eL>- <_£ Ol IajLLo 4pUS J^JL>- vS (_£»iJi cJ‘ 4J ((i»^>y) jLl-uVU tJ-U.)j lla^o j<_£ =Tl/> ^ Neotenie <LjD 4b--b»- <lL>- ota 4-ult ^*iaJ 4>-jjlst 4y>y;jJ^xJI 4uJ| ijjtic dAJ-)j ;joA-l oLw^li*- ^jic- jLb^ll lgj9 JasU«yj *^>^!l Juy O4jtlb*tU LiAj^iu Jj>4 jA >;>- d)L»«j^/l JUfrj J^jill -VJLtf> -)J-A-I bJl^alJ ja(Jjlaj 4 4>I ^il laia C (_£-)l*JI ^j£- (J^Js> .o^i»-l^ll J jiJI j jiaj d)l <C~C®^3 jj ijrp- jjj .4XpU3 4j»w5 l?«^>- L^»4a> j~Z.J S-I4 J (1/°^ > l)^\"^ „ 4l>- C)*\" ^jad\" V jL^Vl 5^^ oljju ijlijl ji (_ {£} jjd\\ 0 (j J^ialjl j^ d)L-J^U oLj*i/ jJi JjjLallyj .4C- ( .149 .,^£5 jJLl jJ-oAj dJjT 111 ciJij 112 79

j1 —Ji 4 1 Vb“J J,^b*S>l -vfij'sj Ji jjbj AjLhi-l (j jA b a!>- j* (j Vl ^yf- b j£j ( ^sA2jj .c^laj ^yJ^jVb ^yA ^oJI AP^o 0>*»»2 bb»u^\\J a^«J,l iwabblj ^_> ^Jj y^ bl bc£4ll b- j) - *31 ^ ^ jb**1 ^ylp ^o bM?\" oS^jj •(_|i^3 4-ol bo oL*oVl Oj_jb£ oo^>-Vl ob^-j^JI ol ^*jJI OIP ^«jJI frJaj ^x«oSj bl b^Jla~-.. (_$bJI 4j^\\i>-l < iSjIIs J-bJI ^»Uaj <JV^\"I ^^yip 4J1 Jt ' VjbjVl bl C—-ij i_3jbco Igj^S” Aj>b* (JJJJlS” AaJlJi.1 o-bgjj .jbbVl ‘ UJ bo jb>jbJ y> ( ob ^a<j j^<i » II ^^il j j)la>o b-° obsjUall \\ <v g I «j ^Ul^li ^>-Vl *ob~J>^Jlj bb^jbsju bgJ (^yiJi^jJI) AbliJI AOli-l a1>-^ll 4>-Jj1p\\ b'-b (Jbb_j 4^1 tiii^ .1 ^lo^? Vbl ^ oj Aji Vi .aj A^-obi ^.4>.bl * ' ^bp V pb^VlA^^O^b*«JI Apb Oj* 0.1«l ^yQj\\, */2^~\\ ^yb | .^ JOP b'-^~l Ajb>- i—wxobj*. Olb^.«.4A*« )1 b^i^wO^aJ • pbw V I *-OP ^ -A3 ^jvb^^^JI Ob b^ ^ /? ) ^ p V wOAbwj I l i^i«iO 0*^^a1I obi -op ^o!I b4 £^31 I bp ^Jlbc —t ^bbiS^I dJJi Jsj ^ bbbVb V —A^s>b>- Ocb’j _ji£ ^V^JI ^.la*...! jl$b ’ ( bbU ^ b°J - 1 J bbl OlC- iijla^ oIj-~*a ii^jbsbJ V bc^ oLLa-bg-JI^ jbiil o-UajVl ^yJI jboVb ^ oUjt b*b-J iyw JsjjO 0j£j b)l b^jC A/iUJI j jlaJI (55 .^yp) . . jJI Jbu ^jSfl ioJI <±Jl!iJl UjlLjc- clLoISJI JU^-V! ^JIjlJ! AUljJLaj 4T«.tj.t^ ^jL^jVI 113 114 . 1993 .4 1 2000 0r~ j o b b^--01 (b»- lj-w r^^uj ob~ ‘ 80

jj AAuAMj jJtl jilii c—Al^j 2->Vj'j JJ-I Jj ^Jl ^j=*-> jtjji fc-AJji' ^ J~>- JJ(ju ^JT -9 . oLJ JJl ^jA tj~C-j 0U»jVl AAf- £~^t Jl Aaj j/l aLi-l > J«aJ jiUIl J A»a oj^'»j oljJ-1 jy> Nesthockern «J*)' (*-SU» Jl>-L (jr^-jJI ^JL* J[ ^LaJU OLjVI jl c-i. jl JjUoj .Nestfluchtern 3^o-v^iJlJl^ aa! ^J^- l ca^IST JL*JI .l<v c—ak>fc6 Ua»U- Las^o jj-uJt £-j>J JS\" Jl*J' Jl lp> *t_^J • oli .oUljJ-l JA ^J» JIJj JojAaIjco Lgj j~£-J ^*aJI “L£A£- el Jl Jl£- j < a5^ji-l {jA Jl ')} ^-9 IJl^j j-UJU .1 g ...ai (_£AJu jl jJJAS\" ^JaX*««j JijJI ajjUw i?T ...~ oUl ^-i-l ?ja 4J jjLill jl JL*J1 ^ja i^jjlJI lol .LJaI SwLc-L^c <c$j ja _^-*il ( O.<0Jillj ^J-lj Jl^J-l olj j JJi L4AJ ^Jaj oUlja>- dJJi i_9jL>«j ^^^49 olil ja>~ ^Jkj .IjL^I j Jaj <j ^yfcj J-jJI (j «L»13^/l <LL>-y= IajIJwzS Jj> J^' ^jJI ^jA IjaS~ 9A^-I AjlJ.I . -- J J J9 I I di\\\\*», jA.C*^ J?l ^ ^a Jc-LaxJI Jlc- Aju Sjjlij aJUcaJJ iS\"^J-l J^- «jA IS (_y*j j*^wJlj 4j j Jl L4A0 .<_£ jlj i AA> jl CUAJl ^y> J-Ia -L*j ^ALo 4JLJI jUu/5J jL^aVls jjOs^jJI ^JU ^L-l J-fr <jl Vj V.(')! yjt ^49 jL^>^l Lol jJLiljl (jjl-iaj Jj AL V!^jA 4~^> Ajlj* ' ^»0 ^*^0 t . < i j»-l (AIA <0 y ^ ^^| * \\—T^j ^ II Mi t l , Jl ^J>JI ^ya as^m -L*j ’i/l^ JV jl^o^ls .^A-*-!! jj jv«-jl SAx- AA*jsi-l jjj Jl Aj«j 0 Jul~o aj^Liil oLIj*J-\\ (JA» (_JI ^»-JI (3 L)Lji (J J. jU tjllAj . JJ?I 5A^ ^*_jAj jl jl^” jL-jJ J*^- j^9 1956 7^--' ;a j 7-j J' 115 81

— j^ J1 -Mill —J< . 4 1 J y^\\Ujitt Ui.0), <jL^3^j (jL»«j^l ijlij*zj a^?L>- aJL>- aIjL^j ^£-1 <UC-UiJ^>-*^! jAjJiJlji 4-j^JL Jo- ^1 jA ijL-J^I (ji ii-Uj y* yjUJ^l Jcs- ^£21.1 =>*JI IJLaj .Lgjjj ls^\" Oj£LJ jlS' Lo asIJ&H Cy° , ^jJl ^-oJ-il \\J* -ii-1 jJjO»j A~a-Al -Ll^C __j*l £'l-,k~?“ ^lj 1 (_5 3j A^jJ-i-1 ^c-ll (3 Ooe-JL^ j«»*/g)l ala 11 ^i_J Aj^^ . (Jl^O- ^-ftjJl ^aJo- il oj-A ^J1 <U—jJlj kj jA A—o-A 1 l a gl ^jL—jVI (5&. y?) O^Jil ^S-Sj ^jL^\" ijjlotJk (_4>*J liLjJU ^yllllUj .0j^Jkl ^11 Jj«J L« aJo-jA il^jo ^11 (jl—»o^l < j Jio- <J U3*-^ J-*j kz^jj iJlill a^jjJ-4 aJo- aJjLaJI — £- (J 1 )^\\J A-i.^lo' Ajyj.^3 (^J^jlJl —— —j L—! lLUj ^ a! .11 ^il^sll ^ £jl jJl Joj\\3j jSl j*Jl J IjssM i aJo-jll) oJ-b*^ (JJ—J e ^iaj (3 LasU LjIS” AjL*» L)L-j^/l i-v^lo- y ^jjl AjJjJoto ijAijS LaJJoij ob ^J1 Jjo ,_jljVl Aj^Jlj <LjliJl A^JJLS*-I \\ Jj 3jLj» o^LolJ aLU-IS\" kj^jA ^xJl (_^^j^jiJl j^>cS\\ aJs>U— j £jl^J1 ^yaJlij . 3(JjLo AjjljVl oL~>y\\ lZj^Sy*- yA jju i-LUj^ .o ^jlxj jLu*i>L)j 3£”i aJ*^ jJl A—-JjL-1 oli^jl) j<J^-l j (^yallj ^vailj ic-L^ ^Jl) aIJljJI i 200 1 (JjLLI (jlc ^J.1 ^>.Ij 116 '^zr JjIajjx. liU li& X .^jLlaoVI ^tjo ^-4_> 4 n IL11 \\ 4_« JlSjJ. 1 <ll3».^Xl ^JUb Lub (jA-u ^L^VI^SLaJlj :<_iJ^JLl ^juiAU 2003 3^^*^ J-4-* j^ l^ i a £ya :djjj .200 1 jjU! ^ citjj j-$-1 u^jjujl JJ IrV) ^ »1 . .. <*^?l 3/3 t 1 U-. 1 1 aj1 t t^s ai ^>.|j 117 ^1 *21)Jj) A>U 4_>J L*^a (ZjL-uoj^JI £— 3)jLiA dtJ&J ^LJ 2002 ^<—ul^LII jJjLscj 1 i^ijl LlAj i LJ^.j liiaj' lLU j 2— ^-^-q-LtJ CjI J jLll^JI jLoLaVmi itl c y^_y ' jj\\ t ' ^^ \\ . 82

JJ b 44m\\4 \\\\j 4A\\ 4\"A\\q gt^hlU iiiUil /id Jp jj3oLa-v 3jig ,^.!! jlJis) -Us-bal! JaiLl (^y-vaJI j JhaII -Jj-Jj Vijas 45*}Lp Jj>-jj 0~>- oVti-l jj-« OJJj ^P- (jj .(...^sJl t— jJI i— jji-1 > 9 Oj^ji j3~JI 03 4juai-\\ (jj .SjJjvfl ol^j^-j oLpjO? (jjjw 0>V ^' °'J> lM-cj ^JU> 4-J»-bA« g . J l~U« IjJjuSj 01 j«-gJlP AjIj ^L—jVI il jJLOlj ,<c«L«l jUI <v 01 jjj ^j-L*w»-Vl l-Lgj 0'*'JJ® Ij-— JJL.Lgj OiLuil Juill ^J^JJ £\\jl _jbl ijw 4jcJa9 jl 3 j^*9 (j-« 4j <. ja ./? Lc Jj-j^dl 0 ja-Ja*«.« £j JJI Oyj jt)\" » 4ib— JJLU ^ g ‘Cc AjcJaS jl 3 ji>«3 (_j*J « 9 l_^Li ojS^s 0^^ y(_$jijbl ol>__p<iil 0b»->Vl Ol-bisj j*^pjJJ <J jjbl . 4-aA*}U ibjbi Lfriu^jj j^asU OL— »jVl (J j; -C>. JjJbl ^01 ./?..! oLJ J^-i_£j^-Vl jjaJ <_JI AiJ”Jb Jl Ja*j JLS . 4Jb>- 0L->->Vl j«JL*J -U-b«JI -b»- jjj .JJ ./J~_i 013\" bf jjl fljj^aj ^«_bu3 ^A Jj L&jjJj ^jA JI*Ij 118 JUjL—3jbj 4-*glji-l AioU^-l Ojj^wJI UjLpL^>- (ju ^J^jjjlJ . Jjfcl jy0.il —3jj-b>- <ULSVl 0l^b> i >o LJjJ £jbl jj~0 0^“ (_Jlj usJcOJJ 3.i jiJI ^c-jt 1953 >j .JbuJI oUIop jLu-uVb La j£sj .jLupVLj l j*u>- 3j>\" JjV cJL~p- ObUI 3 j>ji AP-b»j>- 01 4la?-^bi AP-bki-l OiAA (_j Ui^A5x^ lljJLJt 10a ^3-9 .j>tJI ftb> 3 ji» j^lsUaj (_j ( V0U^J IjJ! Oji- jj 1 Jl Lu5D .>^1 Jb^lJl 3J^La)1 JL^Vl <3IjlJtS oVl JjVl ^Ijl^J . iS ^~ I i^L*J>> JUC- iijJlJI 4P-baJ«-l JjO J-JU j£- (JJi <i3l^il J^«ljj J?jjJ LgjU jjlaOl ^tjjb jUiJj* Jb> j^bil ii ^«l cOlS\" (57 . t Ob^oVl -Up- (_^^jjJl j^>uJI 4 1 .3 $ Oli JLJbj .3 JjL-o cOLS\" ^Jl 4a1»1I il j3L0l 2002(jLs ijy>- x. J-2b_L>3 4_i^LdiII oLl$-pJl 3 Lp- 118Jluo/J OJ-2JI tjjllaj Lyu^5 ^uv- lj .1971 uillj-jjlj I C *>J J)jO Cll^idu O j-TiiC cii-J^V 1 83

—J» 4I. I yk^ (_r^j • kjj ky Sy^k Jd kaZ Jif V 119 xoljji y« *Ai IftL/giox . aaUJ. ^«1 jJI (3 Jl^-l <uic- Ur ^Ujj 2 jUj^q 1 yo Jyi31 Ula jZj yw 31 20 . <((_£yyJI 4*0 LvasU UjIS\" OUujVli)) yOlii jJ-l j&fl Xt ^a If Js' «JL£ LLi)l <U*« ^Jl C~~J JJt» Ir.:. ^—jlJ^SlI ot •*- 'ji\\3 Jj£j U*L»4 . U-«^ la X* Uf jS\\ ^ Jj t$y-SlI ^<Up If IS jLJI obiJUi-i^l bU jS\\ Lusr dJUi J-^>' Oj£j X'te ialkll y ^ ^rUl SSi\\ jUL_J Jm)\\ 23 I l*k~i J(_r j . ^y^1 OUljJ-l 101 y ^\\ S y. «i£j3' 'a UlT asUsJI l^u^Tl ^1 aS jLJ) oUj^ll jLi (iaj jLka ys- X*\\j £jU jLr jika *y y y y. Jj £j'>5' y£JI <iajiyllj ic-ydl *Ls<2£-*^1 ^-yi* y-3 aXjUIyA-1 Jxc- jLiJl <kc- L« f-jUJI o*i/U>t« 3^” (jAitii 4JI . jJIyJ!j y>i ajUi^Jl 4jsJi^>*il yljjJI 3~* a jZ\\ ^ kjiolj-L*JI ^jU 3~a y»-l ^-jly jtj iUkoVl (_g (1)UmjVI XS- ^jXJ*- I \")} d)l yi-t X£- yjJLl <—S^k-S .ajlz~y\\j J-kyaj C-jIj ^OyiJ LS^(_£-llt - (J^*^ -'-*-a 4j1 . A.J y>- olc-Lfljl jjjt u Juauj *i 4il3j>» Aj ^jUI ^/\"dJ ‘ ^ ^0 , . oLJUs JS* a^aJL Jj^ 9 ls^- (“-^-d -UJU l] jLjyi wllC- fljlA fiLi-l <Ulj U^Uaj^j .1991 119j ^j.C*j-a Lt>. 3^jJ I £— 0 JU JL>. 4fliiil’^ :yj Lo Oj_uJJ l ^>- 1 J . \"76.(_yo AALiu ^LcujVI 4_l>- :^jjL^ l_)lujjjuy3 120 n j 1 121 . 4_jJ 6\\^ \"7 . 4 miI <i 1 .428 i_y^3 390.^ yxuaj 122 84

j. J1 ujl—illl /ilt. £j^l OU -^jj >* cr^ ( oUUaj£L»Zj \\* OU-j^A (_j^>- ^3' ^51^ <U>-U>«j aj| i_iUj .^jas\\li ^J>\\£ ( l (_j , £-^dl ii ^.LO' oUlSLa' Ig^a kJoju la illj^|^.W*».i.9 iOjAs^i' ajat ^C- J^a (3'!Alaj i/lj . olSUaJU .Neotenie aJlili aJ^ jt- gzj £j^Jl Jafe d[ J.\\ 0^So ^J' 3*vil (J jbj ^U>-^1' 01**j^' j OA *?- tXu L !_»>.> ^ajJ! aj^- ^a .aj^^Xa 4-waI^-I 4 alaH -XJLc- aS*^^-' jL^>- l . a jS~ jLa^*^l ^ ^J. g jO£Jl> OllOS\" ^^ajlxll iJLft AaJjj i_jUJIj ^JjilxJ' Ju£- aJL^Ia31 (58 i5jLJl)) a jiaj ^joj .^-^Ua*}/' i j>-j i_jJl!l iJ^jLa (Ji* aajLjJ! OlsrU-t ^lOaJ j->Uw j* Oj-iLl' £j'jJ' .((WjSj-j OlSjUJJ ji i^aJUJI adlkJlj .(l^j i Olaj ^0 y> 3L^-1 £0?j Jjjh »1a Oji ja j . IgJfr Jsla^-lj o'AJU 4jL*J' u3ja jjU*a U j?*j US' j£- <^JJl /j5\\^3' jA OL-j^li ja IjLati O' 'Jj' j-jJU OlS\" la CaljAiJ' . 123 0-pva t^OJI jJl£i' . . . dAJJtS' <U' ajjU»iH a» u&- ^If.j .((5fljUrti' a^gAJ A^ySjj yd\\j ^jji^^lSU ia^ia ejJj^a ^y> Jo ^13 4 ..».,^^31 ajjb j^l*u' . ( ^£j''_yJI I^y3 ajla^K' O^SsJ Jjutl' JJJ ^2tl' LaA J . (j^ijj jO=>J ( ^\\Ly^j Ojj+i2jt l$a oL-jV' JLC aaUiJl l!l ajj^Jt J-v^aj (_s oU>-lA-l ^LOul aj iol*»oV' oU>-lA-' a3 ^3 a^*-al*a^Ui J^-a l»\\j^a ol*^* 1 1 dU*Aj^ * ^ ^ *^?3 y^ Jj*jSj \\^>J^P ^jl -4Jla-*JI aJlft (j 'jJ-5 OJJJS^ ajJJl 45^3^ ( ^O))((aJL4«J)) O' j-'-'-'S .^jJsU' (( tiOjj ajJJI . a_»_L3\\ 4-y OjS^j *if. . 0Lo^la» ^a' ^>LS' Versprachlichung O^ 1233-3 l>°tH 85

Ji 1 SsJlill Jtoill *j\\S x.Jii UUsjj ajL*- 1^~ iJUiJi ^JUU Sibllaa ^^((A-JPjll j&Jl® Js*«£ C-£ U^aajIAI ^....^.j . ^ L^aJ L*. </? > (.JL^A-I A JLc- ^j^ ..,..a ^cJlp t/at ' . IaL>*j^ Ip^Xj 1^1 ^xll al^jl l.. i. -3 . a^JLc*< ^A?L31^ ^^LA- L 1 25 j ^1A^vaAiiJ aIjLaJI Aj^ii> ^>*lxll aJL»P a»- j~C- JXSj . Aj-XA^J! (jL-uVi 9-jl ^JUJI Lp-Laj' aia^ti. i)\\j~^-\\ AjJuJ ijp> (3j-i!l jL*A^L)j jl~> “Ha ^Jllaj' iyaAsA f-LyaC-l ijLiw^h JuP t3^* jl .^*J\\jJI ^ylp ijL^j'iH p^^.a.fcw-1 1 c*aL^p ^^1 A^-4,| gA^* 4AJ.^ . /a> 9 *L^ « /?p o ^*p 3^^\" j) t C-^* i^JJj Jjp ^XXj La ^a Ia^3j (^L’Lsil jA- Jj Lr4 L)LwjVI La ^Aj -bl^xll <jl L»s\" .alS'LsilL) jj-jcJI oUl^al^ jjA ^5\" jji ^j-aj a-lii- a-bl^U A~^/L~>- ^^(59 • y’) L ^a-o 0^ AX^JT Ol^ La AjI ijJJi .Lv2A«»a I ^-/? w- B^lii t_. ..«>- ^jA Ttll tjL> jj^lg’ a . Aj^sAnJI Bj j./jIL AaJi*A BJp IS L)jJ jjL>Cj La ^LaSj j«J ajL^pt eJAj .iJLjia a JLC jitU S*\"^** tj a-^LjJI lK5 ^Lill ^ o CjLj^all (_j |jAf>- jJJ .AAu J^Lo i A-^>i JLso *9l^ ^>-*^1 ji\\ JCS- lAjljlia ,_J a-U<as3$\\ oLa^BJ JS’ L^\"^' ^ Ij^aP)) 62.4_JI^JUj (_yaAj 124 ^ylc. Ojj) i^a J> \\ rr j 1 4XaI£JI (JLaC-VI jJjftjJl 4 jrt i fiiaitl 4_MjljVi j~>- 125 1 .218.^1983^1 <?JlA Jju cd!j£ ^jLi-ujVi 4 ,i t.iji I Lj ^JLl Cjl^-laJD) 126 ^4-LaIj 4-Lxi. a! CjI j \"MJo 1_) 4-t.J^^-gJl 86

V4 4Aiu1a1\\^ 4A\\Aj1 jV-i jtllU uiL—ikl /Id \\ jLJVl ^Ic- jJlSo <_£d!l ^ ^127 iil!d] .((iUlJ l$Lc*i ^s-^l Ja/Jj (jru 3^' .>> t ^28 JJ 4a I ii-U 3 • ((^^L/aXa*-*^! ^»JLc- ,j LaXax*)) 4jL*3 4j 0^” .A ^laJ) </? ^r.y/7 ) a .*Lyad*^l >*-> J Ja * ^yJI^ A jjJ 41-JI « ^laJI aJUfcj j^oJ>Cj> yas- <_$t <d j*«J <uU 4£- . 1( (_5 d)l 1 glg<>i^ 4Jiiiti»vo <1)1 oljl j! JJjIaII ,JSL«djl 4ijjo Jj>- aJU ^yjl j~£-\\ j^ladl yfi Lfll . ^Add?J-^ jlij-UI iLJL«a 4jt« JaJJ> A^dJL lijJlJIj ^s- dJJi ^*a> -*^*7^ a<»^o -4 (J oU^UJlUj£*+£ji JJtj Jij .LgJbo j«Jlc- j^yJl a~..»aJ j( ( cjU! j^-\\ -Ue- /JLc- U^lslx« ISlj.^ 2( Jl!dS' gla.P^a O^^j-Aj ^2xJI iLM iIA^ ^yM O^stxll ad* p ,jryu <,UJI ^Uai-t jl dJJS ja . prespektivisch wahrnehmen ol cJ^>cjj 4* ® 2/^ <«— iIa^ Wc® r\" Ca*^ ^AjJslla Oli ^oj Aiay?t« ^«J 1 j£jJo dM 2( -U-> j-JL-U \\ ^V aJ .^JIjJI ^yld 7^dx« ^A AiaptX UaJjA ijL-J^/U ^yllxJUj al^> L« .A^vUXa j (Jj AaL*X« Ayubj y\\j 3 Jj ^yily*^~\\ Jaw>dt yA ^Ijoj .^yaillll A^>- A^j a jaj yA lLUj ^»-Lio (l)L»j'ifl i)\\£ llj • J-»jJlj AjdJI 4*i*Jb {(y\\j>xj)) ^i\\ A^lSiJI J ( JLstj j .j«JL*JI j_yiA- «Xj*X« Ajli f^A-j L^jI y&jiJLSdl AjIj pJUa 1 <i£ a-Utf- ^j- ^ < (jLtujVI t >_lLI *445. t_>*LaJ LJ-» fc.I l 4jii(nlaU 4_*_*j Lj'i?! : 127~^. 3 ^1 .^13 »_3- ^ A-1 ' J i ll y^ JUbLii (jjlUl iVI^jl->- t I n ' lijjlui 129. . _^a 1 28 . ,. I 1 129 a1 Jyj J0_| I ^ JI .1909L_aJJAI ^JU£ jlj X lLaLjl <UUlj Uy» a (>;T > (1934)^4J jjLl ClJ^-aSljjja jL^iVI j CjILu Cj^Lo^. ^ni\" ^j^vj .1970^1 87

^ 3^ ) J 130 ..,., . ajl£j Jo^jZi l5^ ^JLp S (J^>w L&^L^sI^j 4* j\\ ^Jl il)L-^Vl LoU^c*^ ^CJL) J\\ 131 , 4 Ju> JIjJUJI ^( « w-*J' tJLftycJ) Adlkit yij ^43l i~3 * ^*^ . 1^)^.} ^,i*».*J l %j jA. j y^jyj_jA>[£- aL^jl ijja L^»>-Lm5 (JjUi< (j . .^i l3 JLmJI oLjLS' ( 60. i . wWa‘JIj 4jjill j^> ^la«\" ol-llc- ijj&j oLJUjJI tX& jj (( jl jLJ^J \\U jUl1 Jjcf t_iily> Li jj . JjjadLl ^jli li oLi-l ^j^Livo <^.311 i ~J jl obl*JI ,A/3a) *ih 4>wll ^^>-1 (JLg^L 2)1 0^ U. ^^31 13a jcJ . i^UJI V| ObdJL^J 4*qj(AJI a\\*/3\\\\ Sj^aSI <_ 4.Lwyg 4j ^ c- 43 ^I ^Jllc 4*jj£]b 3xJl cjLcv-ofc/^ll^ 4»uai)I oi > L&ljvo ob*u^!l *xc *. 4. la.«i«, ^l-^b-31 1 ^•l9 oboVl JL^9 4^^-^ 4^^1aIJLll lJlJ^ 130 (_yl£. cjj3^Li 4j rt < «ii4 cj! j_Liio ^j^JiliJl (J J^- a b 131 .1971 4 1 <jC ^yi £- 4^UI jlSLiii ^1 ajjt> 4_ua3^JLl 4_ij^jJ1 CjLj .1 jLu ^ 1 32 jLu V v >,^U11dj,.,lj,..ll j £-<a <_ppj l_*ILaj t rt 1\" >o ^jL>-^o jLULi (jJJ j (_1*^ 4jI Vl^ c.i < .VI : t_;r .1987 j^jli.1 j-& j (_y^ cjji^45>Lijja h 1J jlaj (_7iii «>*<> VI I .4_ji^iij 435. e>“^ 133 88

j. j aiiiilill* 4iUU1^ —ml illl ytlii o.^LJU LUjiJI Lgjj^ ^Jl>- £jl ^*JI cjIj J^- ^y*j 4*>*j\\ji“l djijJiil (3^ 4 Ob*oVl jj^~ . O' L« ji. I ^-C ^^L4»J ^. MI>J I jJJ^\" (_^ «Aj2j ^b*wW jl. ^ 4_-^>2-sJ\\ ^Jj£ oLLjJI $*L®> ^ ^1^bJI {j* <—4$^° >xvuao j^uJI jLJIA*»I» l ii c—J • A3b«vJ,l ^I^a/2-^- L<yS* 4»«jtaXjl *Ij2jL*/2JlI j^ j. 4jUjJ1j oIjIaJI j>i>£j wi5 jj* Sl^ IjJa>- Cy^^i OUvw^^U <b Joi ^Jj\\sj jjb 4JJ^»- 4^3^\" (^<AJi |C-aaa5 <jl ^£*XLi ^^ /Q Qj l«)I di d-X<ta®3 « i I <U^C y (_5 jl«XC L«*ww 13 . vdL<rf*A-yjll 2-oU 4_£>- <uSd Lv£* ^y>-jlji“! ^JUJI pljbJLjj Sjla^AA.il JjO ^)jl 4-$>* .^itUI ^JUU jl^uJgVl ^IJjuIj £jl^JU ibjjJLlI oljbVl 41 ^oi-L ijJJ -Uj .oLaVlj (3 ^ijLiD ilaLjaJl ^yA oL^-jili (.Ir jilj .lI^j o L^4S”^>»J3_j aISL^I) Lgj^i* gjll j^a! M a-jIaH ASlSj Jl » Individualisierung und Subjektivierung^j*^' jJaJ^ j* J^ J! ^r> Of jA ^C~=UJj *5lj (61.^ 1* ^ftjsr t^ssAi? SLIi Igij£j oL^l>2i.l ,3 j!ylJ^\\ (^1 ^jA) CjL«jllj ^\\ii>y\\ ^< 2 ,/j I-La ,\\as*^j 9 ^IajI^^I)) . .. j! . ^»_gJ^Lu^j j iJiAjJt ^JljLi- j 0^\"-? -1 ' A^vai^Jj! Ul ^liJ! 1986 L(jj jALi., A _m. ,. 1A LI t^Aj JjL<a>- S^i-LU VI_ l, . /-> ^jL^jVI 134aJ^-j j ' 89 tJ 4,.uaLjal A « 1 L~i 1 \\ .23

y jMSJI Jt=H1 I AAPO l^jU <Lil ^li A^C-L»i>-*yi ^yuJI oLm^1' IliOjli! A» ig )Sll)) ^J~>- ^j£- l^-'A-.-.J (_5^ oL^wjll aJlA oImoVI ox <_£ «iJ' J-ajo' Oj£cj L^L/?i?;j ^JLjJI 4^»_g» JjV' ^lili J) j jjiJ JUaT^I ^w.uo LjfTy> aJ^oJ' ^^^3 .4mijsj 4-fiijlj U*y 4j^0j' (j'XjLl9 . LijJ (J~* ^3Jp y> alisj C-^- Oyuv ^Jj L»-gJ ^ISsXu Jil jl .C^>l^w^llj 4jjI**^ 4jjLJ 'ifr&J- <_y*J 4l ^jjJI jlial (3 (oLwai^yll .jlXlu/Vlj (_£J-ialJI ^jjLJI ygl.g All ^il (3) 0*>lat' ol V 4jU dUJJ l*Jj ^*>3a’.'j y?J> JJ-5 y“ <;U£.JJ Loj L&^Ju - i3 .4jal^3^CjUI aJUjJI 4^C-J^jdi (jL; (_£l dUiS aJlA oL^/jU o ^j\\>*))J a ./3~ ^jUaj 4jL1?jj 4^1) 4X>Ij l jl' ^y>*Jjlj^UI j'-XC-l O' j) yS y^Juu jLd^ll aL>- CjVL^o a-lfr J} 4j( >£ji J4® ^1*3 J « 0*t j uJ 43Lai1I ^OJL ^g5 dUj ^a^ “-J-*_? (O'OjOd ^y\" 4jlj .. m.> j Llj *y jIIa j.gi> Lc- LaUa lJUjf o' ( t J*Xu*^i' as-I^S J JAJ (_^JJI ((^tjjlx3l -lap Lo» ^jigtf C *y jjLa>-J .Ia>- ( XsAdJ *i/ 4jI 1*^ .4«jl^o^/l 4j^-gJ jt d)L«^H 4jLg-J (dlC- ^jjUI 4jLaJla)) ad^- ^ jj /* jtll Lcl . 4Ls^kj ;bjl 4jl^a 4j ^jjj (jl J^S' J^a>-J ^»d£.j a-L>Jj>- 4^mjL^u 4^Jaj! J ^>-J ^d£-J 4^i-d>- iiUj id£> J J 3^*Ct/33 xl3 y%jl *^-3 ^iil 1 ^g^ ^ , (t OULpla J^- fl jla-JJ ^U4»j9j J*£^' »Uj ilaiUw 4frji O'i iJ jl^w)) Vl lS 135 Jl^ Oj^i O' »U) l^j 4_*di OLO^!' ^IsS^ AJL* (62. l^jlklw jj y^y*3 CtS^ Cj^-c-La ^jIu ^Jiilll 4jLuuOJ 4-rt.i ulrtll *i_ Jjj 4_j^LdiJl Cjlj^LaUl 135:^ji-L>. jJ^jjl 90

l 42 ailJjllj 4j| 4'iHj iiil—ilJI jilt jp!A) ^9 j ^jl5j U 4jlhAj J AjV! C .,i^.>Jl 1 4-4^jL*^/| ‘i J (3j jiiadl (3 1 J^AJypj ^\\J Alp ^\\aS_J .AitM/LAo ^V 4jl AJLot-l AS AjL ^ylt!l jJ JjA (JjVl CASvO ^ ^Li (jl£\" Ijlj jLif-Vlj ^A>- j^l ajIJo (3y^ j_pO (_$y-Ail ojjss . j^iaj jl jljl As Op Aj^laj jOsl t3 oL^Vl A)yo AjA^- La^*/ AS AAjteuj L«JJx- c j>-yl\\ JAaAo JU>«ll ijl Vl .J^jiJI 1-La (jlialxi O^-w^ll A>^isj t * C5^[ ^ 1 36 <JAl_^kL*w« ,J^JL>- ^AJI 3 44_4-olj*yi j 3?^ ^^5'° La.Jg^U^ a “>*-$-> 3 ^Jja 3jji ^j\\>- -^LLLaJ! g ,3 I Lw** ^laolj L^-^J^JAa 33*-*-^ ^1 4^*Aj L« 3<UjLL>- ^ ^xJ! A^juIjAJL JjVl ^Liit oL>. jJ ^Jl 3j ^L*j JL^jC-*^l 0^ LJj> -(^^'Lu! j<JL»xaa>L ^ps^\" At- /pjCo Alp ^yi-t jUs4 ‘W’ti-I ol—oVl 4jjjJL^ AjA^Xj LaJlaC^o j^ 3.((L*a$L LolS*)) o «J OL*jVt ^jj^lax) 4^>- O ^s»xj aApI L« 0(^A*LixJI 3*vi2-<t!l ^...,^>0 4>-^ All! jAj M^y>r (_5^ uA^ (3^? l) j£- O^iaj 3 (1^^ 3 Li- Cjvj A^JL|j ^J1 ^jy 1 ( cT^*^ ^1S £)-3fcJ I^jjLiJl 4jL^J :LoL^^3 (J.u-L<-u-)^3 lAJ J^ 964X .20 9. ,^>-3 1 ^ ^ ^ys J J-iii .1992 ,1962 /j o.'.I i ^-j^_ul^3 ^l3l^_a <^_ (jl-Li t .^jLoiJ^I :^ya Jl-U La-_i>o 136 1964.4_j_iIjJ1 4jLaLaJi _A4 j-Aa!I 4_«jiLjS/1 :e-aJ^J,l 4 <1 1 ii.Ifr l^Uj 4 jfl I nlAJl 4_tJiLj^l ni (jL^ijV! t^yj l .j a3 :^_i^jjLa jJ^jt-^>, (JliOr l LiJJj^ 137 4-trLLiilijJI 4_<jj Lj^ 1 ^y-aLlc. ^jL_ujVI : (J^3p J(_i]l .2003 4iOOI .200 1 4jlU 91

^ ^- —Ji .-41 1 l.a^^ JSLJIj ^^jLtl.1 ^ '/2 *31 > OjZ') JL~i-l £-a AAC-L/dJ AS^jJlj OljJI <oL*Jj <L».vg ^j/> ^ o Irj-^ ^ 33^ .(o<A^a*^* L^JLa AjJj^ ji**i^hi a*Ju *X^-\\ ^La- ^JL^j ^ (^\\j AJllij! o%Xa . Jbll' '\\. ‘i.-*^*~j . A^UVi ^sL^i-l aJia ^31 a*a»«JLa33 cijJ-wp«1 ~l~~*j aL^Vl 1 J-a q/3*j OjI£ 11J .Iaj*&£- A-._-j b AaJlSl* ^jJc*- c^\\_*S JUgJJ lA^af- (j j3a*j ols U ^jjiiu bA\"° L$J j~J ^*ajdl dUJU <U>- ^Jl (_3jL*ll ( ( ^A^JU ^io A*>-1^ll a jjt ^y> Jb V A>U jvjj (J^ij • 1)3 *~b (_s Jj«j ^yS^Vl aJUJI A^Jbii-l a!>-jil 03 (_$^ a^-aVI (63. (J^>- A«3_jVl > —A>-_J^1?I l_f^J *~i'^ ~ Aw^^J^»J l 1 ^i»*J jj<»L*iil (_5^*^ IgJU-L lfr Uxp ^>- aJI^J^ a>-jj]?l «l*a9lj ULS\")) ajLa^j (_J lj aJIj ajL»>- j ykj o3 a! ^yxJb 1)L»~j)1\\ aj^xJIj AjLiillj oL^Vl aAv? bAJj^ll ^yJI^ ^lilj ijl l)VI Lblfi- AjI^ (J-«-*d 1)3 aJIa (°^ 0^° .A-v^Ui-l a ^<L)Vl IajLxp-I (_y*~i (J-^jaS\" 0U—jVI jl JJb oJjc»- ^J/> ^ V^ bAyc w *)! Lo A^s^(>* aS”jUL) 1wAaLi/i3 JiLi^-lj Cj\\jc»l>gll CjL—A^iajVl (_ybj jilj Aj^xJIj AiLSiiJ j/a.a..i l ( V(Jlja aJL«A-J Aj>*^J^;J1 Jsj (jru AS^jJl (J^>- AjI^IsL) jjASJU .^iaj Uja jJ*.j (_i ^jA y9.^» O oUa^u^II Aj^lal! AiJI A>-^u c)t (_j Oalj oV ^jJz- Xjbjj^aj jj^g-a J-^*J jtj ajjJ>- Lftj>-J 92

L^ 4AuAJll\\iQ /»lil Jsl 01 L«^ .4j 0^JiJl tfs M oL»uvu^«Jl1 LoL^j 4aJs>jj ^UaJ SOlJJtj ^iMl ia-J J^a JJLcJlj —1 jLJ 3iJ jl £pilJI 1-La -L^^01 (j cil)j JS\" ((^tJjllSl Jju la)) j iO^jJti-1 -X0» Aj>-j ^l?Ml dJU-iSj • <W5j0iilj JLaxJI ^^alki ,j 0lS\"jiLj o^\"J jLuaMj 0(s LUwg- j 3j>3l jj (J£' la-X9_j £-Lai>-Ml a-0- ^yjl 0 ^y-Sl a^>-txl 1 La^JLaJl-l -13 (_j (_j OJJi jl A^lp jA ja—ajCj oUL0>l (_jJ-C- A>-^yXSl a-XA ol Ml .a^Jta ALL£- la .A^UMt do I ^wJcJ ^UaJI jC-^oL-uUI (3 0 C^P* J gj^ ,^*a)U^ ^)^iaLo ^1 1 ^JLa>cj ^oJ ^.g9 lLU%x3 . <LJt,Ajl JUiJIj jjt OLJ^I)) ^ju ^>-U.l aJUc- Mi* i_iOj£l Ji jU-iMj Ols ^ A3jjtll Ajula3 ^3 ^/aOaMO ^J_ajCLal ^-xiL j homo^ £ifoscoriclit\\is .(Jl^<-\" i«uUMl xQaj ^JUt ^y*uUMl JLiJJ ^jJl LgJulIsj 4^-aUMl (64 >(J, L0O«-(Ml AJ^-^l Jla-Al OO^aMla l^aLaHAl c A%A-0a! 1 A-alaMl 0^^ ^yAp 4j ; ^yQsj' 0LaA(Ml 1-XA ^alla //a 01^5 .aJjjLil aOLa^JI^ A->u )101 j j^aj a^/JLa 5JjL>ia L^jl il io-La JJUJ tilJij JO-aIL L^Jjlsxa l_y*-“'4 .3-X*Jj a! ^ja <UL—aMl aOi-1 cJl^O/1 <3 La (JLaJfcl^ ^Jl (_£3 jj OO-jMl Jj-ulLa 7^-J ) (x31 ^yjl A^jtla d^aUl OjL....a i-O-XA jJA a^^-^Jl a-XA O, ^jUl OUy-1 ^ MJjJli-1 waJL>- ,_j CLaJLiJ jcj Ai. .1 jflJl <Ldj«X# jl oLl) ^Jl jjJUJl AJUiJI i-UMl J>s- IJL* £-*3j ,^1 ~0jj .nouvelle histoire (J oliLtfill (3 OOOMl A>-jl 3-X»J (_yLa- L^J J A-Jl-AiJl A*aL>Ml (_S^1 .A^J^5»«XJ1 ^l^ll ^yA ji 3 !^) LLLgi -~>,P-fc—wal -X3 0^°~i A_a0>01 93



1 AJ jVjjtlll4 ml iitl ,lL yllxi 4itjUill : JLiJlill JafcajJl oLv)gj Oli 3LsAjo a^s^IaJI ouU*ih ^sVl 01^ tat (65 0. , 3^ taj^j .^jjlxJt cJ ^y^llVt >2l^>c«Jt 0>le ^2? ^yA 4,w«ta*/Vt 4j^)L£^ 4 la , ... . It ji»S Jl^e-t ^^ic- l£Jta»- (j j-tOZAj 01 jo^oU^t (j ole- jit JU>« <j ^^ '-^ 0U jLr ^j>Jj & (^ (J0>£ LaJbo 4^A»OLa3l 4—uUVl (_j ^4*ill 0l£ jj .U^jT OjJJLC- ^>«j ^jaJ. 1 0U frLiol «u? 0-taO 3Ota\" o?xj JL>*^ 0l*->Vt Oj^xJI oJjt olJu Jj»s .ju*j Ji ^-p4 ^tjjliJl ^«JIp <3 i^uOVl CJolJj^-t *d?t« ^4 4_*/t~JuJl icuUV^ Oj^>o <U3 ol-b (_$0J! ( jOj 3 O^i* Oj4»«j j ^axll i_Kajv l)^1>- oIoj 3 3 0X 38 -*~-^tj j^xJI . 1929 4JO Lo«j ^ \\l ^jjLUl cjLJjp«» 3-ol£LII i^yi 1384 iji^vJl _a i-illj <_7 (Jj^xiu {jr^ 00 _L>J ^_}jJaJl ^jjLlJl ^^6jy 1 ^t*ta t <ijl l Vy iloJt 4joA^ . «(_y£, LeTew ^Jlcj O.L4UJ JjLw ji ugaiaVl ^Jlx. 3 j_ila> ^Lm^vVI I.oJ CjjLJI <j11 j£ . _L)j jbj JL>I 4-4-ulj mil 95

3^j .iiMJi.MJl «,X;.br ^j) Igjl l ^ • C- ^JLj2j ij^^***\"* * ^ jLJ)/l j ^oLuljjJI sJIa jS\"^' <3 l2r^ nouvelle histoire JylS\" ^jA {j* ijLwoVl (JLaA^fl ajjt A>-yj Vj .^yLa^Ji ^Jcjl J^A- t^^A C^3>«JI Ole yipyaj .4jlii>va <LjLaj ,3 jL^JI aLp- (_jC- - (Jj O^3^- Jjb ciDJuj .4-a*iL>-lj <jLalj <LlaA-j a ^^3J 4JLj«ll ^<l)L-o^l U > (J- 'i Jj^l ^Lail ,j .^aLIIj 3^oliLCalj Ja-L/i:M 3^ajjLH ^«JlP iujUVl y>uj lOLjAjJI ^ajjL ^ jj»J.U ^^ijl I.AA fl 1^-3 O Pyu '~J *• A<p> tlUj -X*j jCJ ' (_S~^^ L« ypl^j o^LaLJ! ys ».) 3. LJU'i/b j^JsLJI JUall ^3^ (66. y>) .A-^jL*^^ a^^jJL 4^-aAl^ i \" - •a.- 11 !.La 4j^/j yAi ^y>- y>t\\j 1* J** ^ >«* OUj^-l ^ojJla jjA b)^L>- oLJ^A-l <l>va ^JiAjLI LJL? ^ya..«o La Ll4>- j ^LwLL/i jjC-a Laj .ol»LUt 3(3 (_y:>*dJ^ o^tJI ^.b!i 3^ Lr®-? ••^•^1 ^jjLJI 1-La L)_?-> 3 3Lolil s.Aa •ADAS' ^-j (* *-J j?-jJ Aibr j gj j^~j J^jji L)Loj9 j iijL i3jl»j j> li OL-ijJ :<LJbJl ojj^aJL Pl a jj.ajL^i- ljry*j ji ,j^ij 'jj jJ _>>,aj1^^ lLL>cJ! ^jjLJij 4>-^JI » ( (_s (_y[ .ol-^Su 3^^y^jL^u ^tJjL Jjb X4 »-.jj oUoVt 3“®-£\" ^a-^jL ‘ Li L o yj3j^ yc «iil^Uw*yL ^aLq^“^ ^ Cf-^ (3-a?c3j . LJ \\j oULJilj jl J LJ1 ^La^>\"l ^^jllJI ^JLc Y >J^>- L' ^aJ-C-^ Lil^i-i-l 3^° ^ - 96

Xj ^ ^ A4m\\4i\\j aM liii ill /lid .JLl *\\jL$ Lp Qj • ft ...^cJI cHJ V^U*J1 Jjj .ijUJI idL*Ji I Iji-\\ Ajlgj ^y> JXX jVl aJL>- ll-l j ^LJlo a <_~Ls <x^s <i>tU ^Jix saII «aa i)\\£ .iXj!ji>-*}/1 ^j j\\jj jL.<±3 oLjj) Ij3c (JjjaII Iaa (ji** 1968j 1945 aac iJliM 4Ji>-^11 jj-2 .Jbjjj olijijj o^jtwJls (_s —jj-AM ^Ic- (_jlx- ta-b>v« ^OmJj11 AJLU jVl Jl i„,U- Jlji U AiJbJ! 5JU-JlI jj-3 £« jC^jt (_yWjiJl Lyi»JjUl d^Jl Vl^U Jljj ^ot-J OfaXA 1 <J) o^S* ^3JI <3—iUj <jc« Ij)~Lo3^ ^> g diU ^>tj il)j^>“Vlj jL5tJI ^jjUI ^ *a ^jryiJ^il ^j/3x>j J^jUJI g . 1920 AJL^u Jjlw/ •iJjl jdli c_9 jVxj juS j Jj . ^3 1 1933 ^11 U^o ^U^ (67. ( (Jljj JjLi ^^Ui>-VI ^JLc- L^jlo ^«j ajjIjclq oU?1^i>I oli i£-Uj>- t^iJI £jj^“ ot US* .yli JLrf>j) JUj^I jUbu ^ dUi cjLja^xJI <U*o ^y* ^Ux>-I Jjf- oUa ^jiliJI i^U>“ (jro j] ji CJ*^'lij J -^ J olj»L*il (_jIjw>I ^jlil» j( jl> *^jl< ^jU> !<' ' jju<9 1924 j^As 97