LỊCH SỬ VIỆT NAM _ ĐINH THỊ THU CÚC Chủ biên_ NXB KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI _ Tập 10

["Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. V\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi, Valluy ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nam B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edd Nam B\u1ed9, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn tranh nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\", v\u01a1 v\u00e9t nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nam B\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Valluy, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p c\u1eeb sang \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m Cao \u1ee7y thay cho D \u2019Argenlieu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, Bollaert ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, Bollaert cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh. Bollaert d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15-8-1947 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Minh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n do Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a ra. Bollaert ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1eeba l\u00f4i k\u00e9o B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn tay sai, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ki\u1ec3u c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Bollaert b\u1ecb Valluy k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. Valluy \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p b\u00e1c b\u1ecf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u0103c m\u1edd cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o Thu - \u0110\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 \u0111\u1ec3 \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o Vi\u1ec7t Minh nh\u1eb1m c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i theo kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\\\". Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, Bollaert c\u0169ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Pari \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Valluy tnr\u1edbc n\u1ed9i c\u00e1c v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i c\u00e0ng th\u00eam c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111ung h\u00f2a, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p: v\u1eeba cho ph\u00e9p Bollaert th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a rn\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba cho ph\u00e9p Valluy m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1946 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1947, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng 301","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ecba b\u00e0n qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng 8.000km2 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c tinh Cao B\u1eb1ng, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, Tuy\u00ean Quang, B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, B\u1eafc Giang, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tinh thu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du v\u00e0 trung du B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edd, n\u00fai r\u1eebng tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, giao th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 2 qua Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec t\u1edbi Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, Tuy\u00ean Quang, H\u00e0 Giang. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 3 qua Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, l\u00ean B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i Cao B\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4 ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t - Trung t\u1eeb M\u00f3ng C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn Cao B\u1eb1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i theo s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 theo s\u00f4ng L\u00f4 r\u1ed3i s\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m l\u00ean Chi\u00eam H\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n r\u1eebng n\u00fai r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn du k\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o binh. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Valluy, trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp ng\u00e0y 9-6- 1947, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng qua tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00f9a thu 1947, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \\\"b\u1ecbt k\u00edn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng cho Vi\u1ec7t Minh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c..., lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o, truy l\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn s\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e1nh cho tan t\u00e1c m\u1ecdi ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\\\" nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Salan \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong H\u1ed3i k\u00fd. Salan - m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng \\\"th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i sang l\u00e0m t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u00e1ng 7- 1947, T\u01b0\u1edbng Salan v\u1ea1ch k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t B\u0103c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111cm v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u00f2 Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ra B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. Th\u00eam 14 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n \u00c2u Phi trong l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1947, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n th\u0103m d\u00f2, \u0111\u1ecbch co l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu; x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng; r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: 302","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. V\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c 1. Truy l\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn s\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f9a Vi\u1ec7t Minh ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u; b\u1eaft Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; ph\u00e1 tan c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn; tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau m\u1ecdi ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh; 2. Kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t - Trung, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c; 3. T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y thanh th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0 cho cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn tay sai, \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1. \u00c2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt nham hi\u1ec3m, qu\u1ef7 quy\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang quy\u1ebft ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn ra s\u1ee9c r\u00eau rao c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\\\", \\\"th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i binh l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \\\"C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p\\\", \u0111ang \\\"l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p tr\u1edd l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u1ebb vang kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\\\"2. 2. \u0110\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, bu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u nham hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 quy\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y 7-10- 1947, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed3m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, b\u1ed9 binh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn khu Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. B\u1ed9 t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng - l\u1ee5c - th\u1ee7y l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n; chia l\u00e0m 3 c\u00e1nh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean ATK Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. T\u01b0\u1edbng Salan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ec huy cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn, 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p 1945-1954, t\u1eadp I, Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1994, tr. 307. 2. Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f3a - \u0110\u1ed7 Ch\u00ed, Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng s\u00f4ng L\u00f4, Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1964, tr. 76. 303","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh m\u1edf m\u00e0n v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin \\\"chi c\u1ea7n 3 tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp tan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng n\u00ean B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed3m 12.000 qu\u00e2n, g\u1ed3m 5 trung \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh: Trung \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh Mar\u1ed1c s\u1ed1 6 (6e RIM), Trung \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Mar\u1ed1c (RICM), Trung \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba s\u1ed1 4 (4e RIC), Trung \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ea d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1 3 (3e REI) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Trung \u0111o\u00e0n do Coste ch\u1ec9 huy. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ba ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00f9, hai ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00e1o binh, hai ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng binh, 800 xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi, hai phi \u0111\u1ed9i (40 m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom, trinh s\u00e1t, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9i 40 t\u1ea7u, ca n\u00f4, t\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111om v\u1ecb l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9 d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb do \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Fosey Fran90\u0128s (Ph\u00f4x\u00e2y Ph\u01a1 R\u0103ngxoa) tr\u1ef1c s\u1eb5n \u1edf s\u00e2n bay Gia L\u00e2m s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy Ph\u00e1p coi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh. Valluy d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \\\"ch\u01a1i v\u00e1n b\u00e0i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"ph\u1ea3i th\u1eafng v\u00e1n b\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\". Cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p bao tr\u00f9m l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng 12 tinh (g\u1ed3m 7 tinh Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u00e0 5 t\u1ec9nh Trung du). Cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai b\u01b0\u1edbc: - B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t mang m\u1eadt danh \\\"Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n L\u00e9a\\\" (t\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8o cao 1.362m \u1eeb\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 3 gi\u1eefa Nguy\u00ean B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 7-10 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 19-11, trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n - Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed3n - Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: Ng\u00e0y 7-10-1947, qu\u00e2n d\u00f9 chi\u1ebfm B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi; ng\u00e0y 8 chi\u1ebfm Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn; ng\u00e0y 9, hai c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n - Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed3n g\u1eb7p nhau \u1edf B\u1ea3n Poi (c\u00e1ch B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n 20km); ng\u00e0y 10, qu\u00e2n c\u01a1 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n d\u00f9 chi\u1ebfm Cao B\u1eb1ng, cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n (d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 12) r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfn sang h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edd \u0110\u00e0i Th\u1ecb (d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 13) \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp h\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y t\u1eeb \u0110oan H\u00f9ng, Tuy\u00ean Quang l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed5 2, s\u00f4ng L\u00f4, s\u00f4ng G\u00e2m. Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi (d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 11) s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh 304","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. V\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ec5u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi - ph\u1ed1 B\u00ecnh Gia; - B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai mang m\u1eadt danh \\\"K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Ceinture\\\" (V\u00e0nh \u0111ai) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 20-11 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o 21-12. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 12, \u0111\u00e1nh huy\u1ec7n l\u1ef5 \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u00f3a (Ch\u1ee3 Chu) t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n xu\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi sang, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n d\u00f9 nh\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng xu\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ee3 Chu. M\u1ed9t \u0111om v\u1ecb d\u00f9 kh\u00e1c nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda Nam huy\u1ec7n l\u1ef5, ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u1ee3 Chu - Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f9y t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c, c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t khu tam gi\u00e1c B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n - Ch\u1ee3 Chu - Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi1. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hai g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm l\u1edbn l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm bao v\u00e2y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng d\u00e0i 400km, h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y ch\u1eebng 250km. Tr\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng gian g\u1ed3m 12 tinh nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o khu t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c Tuy\u00ean Quang - \u0110\u00e0i Th\u1ecb - B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n - Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, \u1eebong \u0111\u00f3 (3.600km2), tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c l\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n - Ch\u1ee3 Chu - Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi (300km2). v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta tr\u00ean khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbch, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh 3 tuy\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn s\u00f4ng L\u00f4, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 3. S\u00e1ng 7-10-1947, Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh binh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ecbch cho nhi\u1ec1u k\u00edp m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom, b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau xung quanh th\u1ecb x\u00e3 B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i th\u1ea3 hai ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n d\u00f9 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ecb x\u00e3. Chi\u1ec1u 7-10, Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfm Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi (B\u1ea1ch Th\u00f4ng - B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n). C\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y 7-10, t\u1eeb \u0110\u00ecnh L\u1eadp - L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n sang, binh \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba do \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Beaufr\u00e9 chi huy theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 Cao B\u1eb1ng, 1. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 th\u00e1ng 5-1997, \u1eeb. 23, 24. 305","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y 8-10, h\u01a1n 200 l\u00ednh d\u00f9 Ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfm Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed3n (B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ee5p b\u1eaft c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf bao v\u00e2y, chia c\u1eaft Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. Ng\u00e0y 9-10, tr\u00ean 300 qu\u00e2n d\u00f9 Ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng Cao B\u1eb1ng. C\u0169ng trong ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y, t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, binh \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 binh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 do \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Communal chi huy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng L\u00f4 l\u00ean Tuy\u00ean Quang, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. Khi \u0111\u1ecf c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eadp k\u1ebft \u1edd c\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tung xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t m\u1ea1nh t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c, l\u1ea5n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p ta m\u00e0 bao v\u00e2y ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i quy m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00eda ta. B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng chi huy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, chi th\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, chi \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u1edf 12 tinh Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t, do ph\u00eda Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t. Ph\u00eda qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tuy ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbch qu\u00e1 nhanh, qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f2n l\u00fang t\u00fang. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch ch\u01b0a ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Song, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m: \\\"giam ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y c\u0103n c\u1eed ch\u00fang v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfm, bao v\u00e2y nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3, thu nh\u1ecf n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa b\u1ec3; ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa 306","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. V\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c c\u00e1c c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf...\\\". Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, qu\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 12 \u0111\u1ec3n 15-6-1947, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, b\u00e0n bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1 tan \u00e2m m\u01b0u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p: \\\"... Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc\\\". D\u00f9 ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u1eef\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f9a ta. Khi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1ed9 r\u00f5, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, chi \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ecbch, ng\u00e0y 15-9-1947, Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ra chi th\u1ecb: \\\"Bollaert n\u00f3i g\u00ec, ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\\\". Chi th\u1ecb v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Bollaert v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n k\u00edp m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n, d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n trong M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t, ph\u00e1 tan \u00e2m m\u01b0u \\\"d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\\\" c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1: t\u00edch c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, v \u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf - t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ec3, Chi th\u1ecb v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5: \\\"T\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"t\u1ef1 t\u00fac, t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p\\\", c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. C\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y, Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f2n ra Chi th\u1ecb \\\"S\u1eeda so\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch\\\". \u1eccu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 h\u1ecdp trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb 27 \u0111\u1ebfn 29-9-1947 cho r\u1eb1ng: \\\"Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch trong Thu - \u0110\u00f4ng n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee5p b\u1eaft c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u1ef5 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta, ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tay sai ra \u0111\u1eddi, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh. \u1ede Trung B\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t. \u1ede Nam B\u1ed9, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n ng\u1ee5y s\u1ebd m\u1edf nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t l\u1edbn\\\". Tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng 307","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Nam B\u1ed9, Nam Trung B\u1ed9, g\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u0103c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Chi th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, B\u1ed9 Chi huy h\u1ea1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch: \\\"\u0110\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh \u1edd m\u1eb7t s\u00f4ng L\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4; ph\u00e1 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng; t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch hay qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1ecf bao v\u00e2y ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c khu \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc\\\". C\u00e1c Ban chi huy m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn s\u00f4ng L\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Trung \u0111o\u00e0n V\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c tinh L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Cao B\u1eb1ng, B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, Ph\u00fac Y\u00ean, V\u0129nh Y\u00ean, Tuy\u00ean Quang c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111om v\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng chi huy v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 chi huy c\u00e1c Chi\u1ebfn khu I, X nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh 30 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 18 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edd kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, t\u1eebng huy\u1ec7n, t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c. T\u1eebng \u0111om v\u1ecb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c h\u0103m h\u1edf h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n, di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecbch m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh. T\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch t\u1edbi t\u1ea5p \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00ecn, ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch, b\u1eafn tia, c\u1eafm ch\u00f4ng, r\u00e0o l\u00e0ng. Giao th\u00f4ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u00f4i, t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n g\u1ea5p r\u00fat, s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m \\\"v\u01b0\u1eddn kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng\\\". Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc Thu - \u0110\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 b\u00e1t \u0111\u00e0u ngay khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n t\u1edbi. Tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u0169i, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 du k\u00edch Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh. \u1ede B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1eeba nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9 xu\u1ed1ng, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ta l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb r\u1eebng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed5 ra. H\u1ecdc sinh qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00f5 b\u1ecb Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u00e1nh di\u1ec7t g\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n v\u1eeba nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n 49 t\u00e2n binh \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb x\u00e3 B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00edch v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb x\u00e3. \u0110o\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp huy\u1ec7n B\u1ea1ch Th\u00f4ng, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch l\u00ednh Thanh Mai, Y\u00ean \u0110\u1ecbnh, Cao H\u00f2a, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng C4, C6, t\u1ecfa \u0111i l\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ean nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c, b\u1eafn tia c\u00e1c to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n \u0111i l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c, qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbch d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n. Trung \u0111o\u00e0n V\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n Cao B\u1eb1ng b\u1eafn r\u01a1i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 m\u00e1y bay chi huy gi\u1eb7c. T\u00ean quan N\u0103m Lambert, 308","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. V\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c T\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u ph\u00f3 qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng c\u01a1 quan tham m\u01b0u chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft trong m\u00e1y bay. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch L\u00e9a v\u00e0 Cl\u00f4-cl\u00f4) v\u00e0o tay ta. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi, du k\u00edch Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 Y\u00ean \u0110\u0129nh, Cao K\u1ef3, H\u00f2a M\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eadp k\u00edch, ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch, b\u1eafn tia \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edd Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed5 3. Ng\u00e0y 24-10, ph\u00e1o binh Vi\u1ec7t Nam chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng gi\u00f2n gi\u00e3 trong tr\u1eadn mai ph\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0110oan H\u00f9ng, b\u1eafn tr\u00fang 2 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng hai chi\u1ebfc kh\u00e1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khi\u00eang ph\u00e1o t\u1eeb \u0110oan H\u00f9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t 70km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng t\u1edbi Khe Lau (ng\u00e3 ba s\u00f4ng G\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng L\u00f4) mai ph\u1ee5c. Chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y 10-11, hai t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ca n\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i n\u1ed5 s\u00fang, t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u00ean gi\u1eb7c. Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4, ng\u00e0y 30-10, Ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n 249 thu\u1ed9c Trung \u0111o\u00e0n 28 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e8o B\u00f4ng Lau, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 27 xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi, di\u1ec7t 94 l\u00ednh \u00c2u - Phi, 55 l\u00ednh ng\u1ee5y, b\u1eaft 101 t\u00f9 binh, thu 600 d\u00f9 c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u0169 kh\u00ed qu\u00e2n trang, qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn giao th\u00f4ng th\u1eafng l\u1edbn ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc Thu - \u0110\u00f4ng 1947. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \\\"con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebft\\\" c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch L\u00e9a b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u00e0y 19-11, B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c binh \u0111o\u00e0n Beaufr\u00e9, Sauvagnac Conmulnal r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng Cao B\u1eb1ng, B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, Tuy\u00ean Quang, v\u1eabn mang \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cl\u00f9ng b\u1eaft c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Minh\u201d, h\u1ecd giao cho s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n trong b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00fat, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c Tuy\u00ean Quang - Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean - Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec - Ph\u1ee7 L\u1ea1ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng 8.000km2. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Ceinture b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 20-11. S\u00e1ng 22-11, \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Commulnal cho qu\u00e2n l\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Tuy\u00ean Quang \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh Ca, s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean 309","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 tinh Tuy\u00ean Quang - Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Beaufr\u00e9 \u0111ang t\u1eeb B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n r\u00fat v\u1ec1. C\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00fat, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee3 Chu, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ed9i r\u00fat v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean. Binh \u0111o\u00e0n do Trung t\u00e1 Coste chi huy t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea3 L\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean B\u1eafc Giang, \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Ph\u1ee7 L\u1ea1ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y 25-11 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t v\u00f9ng xung quanh \u0111\u1ec3 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 cho binh \u0111o\u00e0n Beaufr\u00e9 t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1. T\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 3, \u0111\u00eam 30-11, Ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n 160 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi trung \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch th\u1ecb x\u00e3 B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n t\u1eadp k\u00edch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed Ph\u1ee7 Th\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t 50 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch, thu nhi\u1ec1u v\u0169 kh\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 3, qu\u00e2n ta ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch ngay t\u1ea1i s\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m rung chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ecbch. Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111ang hoang mang, l\u00fang t\u00fang, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n d\u00e0n, ng\u00e0y 15-12, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u1edf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e8o Gi\u00e0ng (km 187-188 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 3) ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 17 xe, di\u1ec7t 60 t\u00ean (c\u00f3 2 trung \u00fay), thu 2 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea1c \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0169 kh\u00ed, qu\u00e2n trang, qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c binh \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e0n c\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft v\u00e0 hao m\u00f2n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1p m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n th\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0, ch\u1ecb em ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em tham gia l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i anh d\u0169ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u1edf Cao B\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e3o du k\u00edch do m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 70 tu\u1ed3i chi huy, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n xung phong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n gi\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng cho k\u00e9o qua l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2y b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i. \u1ede Ch\u1ee3 Chu, s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm 10-10-1947, 3 em thi\u1ebfu nhi d\u00f9ng l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111ang \u0111i tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ec5u. \u1ede Cao B\u1eb1ng (g\u1ea7n N\u01b0\u1edbc Hai), \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 12-1947, 2 em thi\u1ebfu nhi gi\u1eadt m\u00ecn gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft 30 t\u00ean Ph\u00e1p. C\u0169ng \u1edf Cao B\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0y d\u00f9ng dao \u0111\u00e2m m\u1ed9t t\u00ean l\u00ednh nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9, c\u01b0\u1edbp s\u00fang b\u1eaft l\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh, \u0111em giao cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ta. Qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i: tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1. Kh\u00f4ng \u1edd \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n cho ch\u00fang. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Ceinture kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb th\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Tuy v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1eabn c\u00f2n 310","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. V\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n - Cao B\u1eb1ng - B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho t\u00e0ng, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ta. Ng\u00e0y 21-12-1947, \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ra to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n L\u00e9a, Ceinture theo nhau \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 th\u1ea3m b\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. T\u00ednh chung to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c, sau h\u01a1n 2 th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ngoan c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 3.300 binh s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 100 v\u00f5 quan c\u1ea5p \u00fay v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p t\u00e1, b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng; 3.900 binh s\u0129 kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qu\u00e2n ta b\u1eaft 270 t\u00f9 binh, b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 18 m\u00e1y bay; b\u1eafn ch\u00ecm v\u00e0 b\u1eafn ch\u00e1y 54 ca n\u00f4, t\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn; ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 255 xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi, 13 m\u00e1y v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn, 85 s\u00fang c\u1ed1i, 90 s\u00fang bad\u00f4ka, 762 s\u00fang li\u00ean thanh, 4.100 s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n trang qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. Ta c\u00f2n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ph\u00e1i B\u1ed9 Tham m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n B\u1ed9 Tham m\u01b0u Trung \u0111o\u00e0n 43. v \u1ec1 ph\u00eda qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn: 200 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i hy sinh; 168 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch; t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o 75 ly, 4 trung li\u00ean, 48 s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. H\u01a1n 2.500 con tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, hom 3.760 n\u00f3c nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y. \u0110\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p 2 kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o 105 ly, 3 kh\u1ea9u 75 ly, 16 kh\u1ea9u 20 ly, 42 s\u00fang c\u1ed1i, 357 li\u00ean thanh c\u1ed1c c\u00f5, 45 bad\u00f4ka, 1.160 s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e2n trang, qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00eam 22-12-1947, ngay sau khi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Tuy\u00ean Quang, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 m\u1eebng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o trong \u00e1m m\u01b0u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc (7-10 - 21-12-1947). Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp tan cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed3 ch\u00f4n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh\\\" c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p. Thu - \u0110\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947, n\u00fai r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn 311","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecd s\u1ee9c ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n non tr\u1ebb thi\u1ebfu v\u0169 kh\u00ed, trang b\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n trang b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tuy c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n qua l\u1ea1i gian nan, v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n. Kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u00eam v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1. B\u1eddi v\u00ec qua cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00eam d\u1ea1n d\u00e0y kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n d\u00e3 t\u00e2m x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 nu\u1edbc, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc Thu - \u0110\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \\\"Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\\\" c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta. B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p mong t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hom v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp ng\u00e0y To\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba tr\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00e0o kh\u00ed: \\\"... Sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ecd s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t \u1eeb\u1eddi v\u00e0o l\u00fac ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n, h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n t\u1eaft nghi. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ta c\u00e0ng th\u00eam m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 su\u1ed1i m\u1edbi ch\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda m\u1edbi nhen, chi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tho\u00e1i\\\". \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 15 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 17-1-1948 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"Cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u1edd Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y th\u00eam tinh th\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi trong to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, t\u0103ng th\u00eam tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1ebb vang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y, v\u0169 kh\u00ed k\u00e9m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o 312","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. V\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\\\"1. Cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh, th\u1eafng nhanh\\\" c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u1ec9 huy Ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 k\u00e9o theo m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00e1c: n\u1ed9i c\u00e1c Ramadier \u0111\u1ed5, T\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy Valluy b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed3i, phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0y qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Paris cho ph\u00e9p Cao \u1ee7y Bollaert ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \\\"ngo\u00e0i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\\\" t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \\\"gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tay sai l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm c\u00f9a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn ch\u00ecm trong kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f9a th\u1eddi h\u1eadu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, theo T\u01b0\u1edbng Raoul Salan, \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ph\u00e1p chi c\u00f3 62 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 3 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00f9, 8 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ea d\u01b0\u01a1ng, 13 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n B\u1eafc Phi, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9. Neu chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh th\u00ec t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf sau Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t B\u1ed9 Chi huy qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i: N\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Minh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Minh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00f2n \u0111eo \u0111\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn \u1eebanh. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh\\\" sang \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\\\" v\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft l\u00ednh. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ngay sau khi r\u00fat kh\u00f2i Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2000, tr. 20-21. 313","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Nam B\u1ed9 De Latour cho x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t ph\u00e1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edd Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n V\u00e9ga \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Nam B\u1ed9, B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Nam B\u1ed9, B\u1ed9 Chi huy Qu\u00e2n khu VII. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng 17 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed9 binh, ph\u00e1o binh, thi\u1ebft gi\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, sau 4 ng\u00e0y l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u1ecbu th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t \u1edd c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 r\u1eebng \u01af Minh, Chi\u1ebfn khu D c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch De Latour v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 1.300 th\u00e1p canh c\u1ed5 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u1ede Trung B\u1ed9, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3n l\u1eadp b\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e0n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n, l\u1eadp l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. \u1ede B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn c\u00e0n \u00e1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi du k\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ebb g\u00e3y nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t c\u1ee7a 350 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ph\u00e1o binh, c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi y\u1ec3m \u1eef\u1ee3; nh\u01b0 l\u00e0ng C\u1ea3nh D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ecf m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn, c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng cho v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng. B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0n \u0111i c\u00e0n l\u1ea1i. \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i l\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i, v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 b\u00e3i m\u00ecn, b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 kh\u00f3m tre, m\u1ed7i b\u1edd ao, m\u1ed7i g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7m h\u00e0o. T\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ecbch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t \u1edf v\u00e0nh \u0111ai. Qu\u00e2n ta v\u1eabn cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh g\u00e2y l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb gian. Nhi\u1ec1u tay sai \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00ecnh Tri - Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng an d\u00e2n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t (10-10-1947), Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n S\u00e2m (11-10- 1947), g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang l\u1edbn trong n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m cho S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp t\u1ec1, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 314","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. V\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c \u1edd Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \\\"Nam K\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c\\\" c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thinh (6-1946) v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u1ea1ch (12-1946), th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp ra c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi Nam ph\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" (10-1947) do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng ra l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \\\"qu\u1ed1c gia\\\". 3. C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00f3i Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u1eeb\u1edf th\u00e0nh Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. T\u1eeb m\u1ecdi mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, chi vi\u1ec7n cho Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ngay khi chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc m\u1edf m\u00e0n, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng chi r\u00f5: \u0110\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh \u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, Trung B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam B\u1ed9 khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ra Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u00eau th\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m \u201cv\u01b0\u1eddn kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng\u201d v\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00e0m \u201cv\u01b0\u1eddn kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9-1947, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edf Khu II, Khu XII, Khu X, Khu rv, Khu V trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau th\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Ch\u00ec ri\u00eang Khu II \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o 107 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u00e0n 20 qu\u00e3ng s\u00f4ng, ph\u00e1 197 c\u1ea7u, b\u00f3c 126km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xe l\u1eeda, h\u1ea1 4.597 c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1eafp 160.000m3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbch, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00f2n tham gia \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c: v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh. \u1ede v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch, chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh, 315","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1, tr\u1eeb gian s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, gi\u00e1ng tr\u1ea3 k\u00e8 \u0111\u1ecbch x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2n \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c \u1edd B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia chi\u1ebfn tranh. T\u1eeb l\u00e3o du k\u00edch, \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ecb du k\u00edch, c\u00e1c em thi\u1ebfu nhi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n tham gia gi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00f4n x\u00e3 \u1edf s\u00e2u trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, du k\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00e2y tre \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9. T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, th\u00f3c g\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"ba kh\u00f4ng\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n thanh ni\u00ean t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, gia nh\u1eadp du k\u00edch, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"M\u1ed7i l\u00e0ng hai \u00e1o tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7, hai ch\u0103n cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 gi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i Khu IV, ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, Khu \u1ee7y c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111ang \u1edf Thanh - Ngh\u1ec7 - T\u0129nh, B\u1ed9 chi huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u1eb3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c sang l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, thu h\u00fat th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean; kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n th\u00eam v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ed1 ph\u00f2ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn, l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u1edd \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng xung y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh t\u1edbi. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Chi th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 \\\"ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\\\", th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Vinh, Thanh H\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ecb x\u00e3 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh c\u00f9ng 316","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. V\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1edf nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Tr\u00ean 11.000 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 301 nh\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng \u1edd th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Vinh, lO.OOOm2 nh\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1ecb x\u00e3 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, 1.600 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 30 c\u00f4ng s\u1edf \u1edf th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Thanh H\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. M\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u01a1 s\u1edf, kho t\u00e0ng c\u01a1 quan \u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111i chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau. C\u00e1c c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u d\u00e0i 50m tr\u1edf l\u00ean tr\u00ean qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 1, 7, 8 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1eadp. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft b\u1ecb b\u00f3c h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, 77 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeba, 750 toa xe b\u1ecb ph\u00e1. Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 1 chi ch\u00edt h\u1ea7m ch\u1eef chi v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n. T\u1ea1i Khu II, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 10-1947, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf S\u01a1n \u0110\u1ed9ng (S\u01a1n T\u00e2y), ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch. Qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Khu X t\u1eadp k\u00edch ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e0n \u1edf H\u01b0ng H\u00f3a, Thu C\u00fac, T\u00e0 N\u00ea, di\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch, bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat v\u1ec1 H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh. H\u01b0\u1edbng nghi binh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ta ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf. T\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, ta l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i Chi\u1ec1ng Sai, t\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng S\u01a1n La, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u00ednh Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u0169 ra h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0n \u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u00e0ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n Khu I v\u00e0 Khu III c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ta \u0111\u00e1nh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tr\u1eadn, di\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quanh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nhir Gia L\u00e2m, Th\u1ea1ch B\u00edch. Ch\u00e8m. V\u0103n \u0110i\u1ec3n, V\u0129nh Tuy, C\u1ea7u Gi\u1ea5y li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp b\u1ecb t\u1eadp k\u00edch. \u1ede khu Nam H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp tan nhi\u1ec1u ban t\u1ec1, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o an, di\u1ec7t b\u1ecdn tay sai, \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9: Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \\\"\u0110\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh \u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, Trung B\u1ed9, Nam B\u1ed9, khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ra Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc\\\", qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ng\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u l\u1edbn chi\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 do \u0111\u1ecbch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, Ninh B\u00ecnh. 317","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 trong Thu - \u0110\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 l\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch, bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ta, v\u1eeba ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb gian, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i danh d\u1ef1 tr\u1eeb gian, c\u00f4ng an danh d\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi du k\u00edch tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed5 chi \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u00ean d\u00f2 la tin t\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, l\u00e0m tay sai cho gi\u1eb7c. T\u1ea1i Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, ta gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n 15 ban t\u1ec1, di\u1ec7t 35 t\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1, trung tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng 10-1947, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a tinh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ecf. Ri\u00eang H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n 60 \\\"H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1\\\". T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Ninh, B\u1eafc Giang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 216 ban t\u1ec1, thu h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m s\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a l\u00ednh d\u00f5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ec1 c\u00f3 v\u0169 trang. Song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1, ta c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 5, s\u1ed1 39, s\u1ed1 17, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 206 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ea 199. \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch c\u00e1c tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbch xung quanh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i M\u1ed7, Mai L\u0129nh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, V\u0103n M\u00f4. Qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c tinh V\u0129nh Y\u00ean, Ph\u00fac Y\u00ean, B\u1eafc Ninh ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch. H\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, b\u1ed1 ph\u00f2ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch. T\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c ra s\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecbch m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m m\u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n th\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c x\u00f3m th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1 ph\u00f2ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed7i th\u00f4n x\u00f3m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. M\u1ed7i l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t, b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u cho nhau. Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp nh\u1ea5t. 318","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. V\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c - Ng\u00e0y 25-10-1947, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n G\u00f2 N\u1ed5i (Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh) ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e0n, di\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbch. - Ng\u00e0y 22-11-1947, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh S\u00e0i G\u00f2n t\u1eadp k\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Catina (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n) di\u1ec7t h\u01a1n 40 t\u00ean Ph\u00e1p. - Th\u00e1ng 11-1947, 400 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c k\u00fd v\u00e0o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 g\u1eedi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u00f2i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. - Ng\u00e0y 4-12-1947, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, kho t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Th\u1ee7 D\u1ea7u M\u1ed9t. \u1ede Nam Trung B\u1ed9, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ta c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh \u1edf c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tru\u1eddng Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, Ninh Thu\u1eadn, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng bom oanh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Minh di\u1ec7t g\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trung \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edd B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u1ede T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u0169 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n g\u00e2y c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n r\u1eebng s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 19, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u00f9ng B\u00f4 Ra (\u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc), \u0110\u1eafc B\u1ed1t (Gia Lai) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eafc L\u00e2y (C\u00f4ng Tum). C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nam B\u1ed9, Nam Trung B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1 \u00e2m m\u01b0u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng Thu - \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam l\u00f2ng tin cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t th\u1eafng c\u00f9a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. 319","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V BI\u1ebeN H\u1eacU PH\u01af\u01a0NG C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ecaCH TH\u00c0NH TI\u1ec0N PH\u01af\u01a0NG C\u1ee6A TA (1948- 1950) I. \u0110\u1eb6C \u0110I\u1ec2M T\u00ccNH H\u00ccNH V\u00c0 s \u1ef1 CHUY\u1ec2N H\u01af\u1edaNG CHI\u00c9N L\u01af\u1ee2C C\u1ee6A TH\u1ef1C D\u00c2N PH\u00c1P Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0169 trang. Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1eefa hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng li\u00ean minh kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 hai ph\u00eda. M\u1ed9t ph\u00eda l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c do Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 , ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Trung C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ngay s\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t - Trung \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t ph\u00eda l\u00e0 M\u1ef9, t\u1eeb sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 ch\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. 320","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phutmg c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. Tinh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1-1947 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7-1950, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1edbi 8 l\u1ea7n. Th\u00e1ng 2-1947, Paul Ramadier thay L\u00e9on Blum l\u00e0m Th\u00f9 t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a; ng\u00e0y 19-11-1947, Paul Ramadier t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c, Maurice Schuman, m\u1ed9t n\u1eb9\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n (MRP) l\u00ean l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng (l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t); ng\u00e0y 22-7-1948, Andr\u00e9 Marie thay Maurice Schuman l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng; \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 5-9-1948, Maurice Schuman l\u1ea1i thay Andr\u00e9 Marie l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng (l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai); ng\u00e0y 11-9-1948, Henri Queuille l\u00ean l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng; ng\u00e0y 28-10-1949, Georges Bidault thay H. Queuille l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng; \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 2-7-1950, Henri Queuille l\u1ea1i thay Georges Bidault l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng' nh\u01b0ng chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y l\u1ea1i giao cho Ren\u00e9 Pl\u00e9ven l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng... S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Do theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft lao s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chi ph\u00ed chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh, r\u1ed3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ng\u00e0y 27-3-1947, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i ban h\u00e0nh S\u0103c l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 47-559 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Cao \u1ee7y Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chi huy thu\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, Cao \u1ee7y ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 an ninh \u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c chi th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ra c\u00e1c chi th\u1ecb cho T\u1ed5ng chi huy c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng (Corps Expeditionnaire Fran\u1eb9aises d\u2019Extr\u00eame Orient - vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C.E.F.E.O.). Cao \u1ee7y tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c H\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t 1. Ban Chi \u0111\u1ea1o T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Chi\u1ebfn tranh C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1945-1975 - th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2000, tr. 479. 321","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 C\u00d3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00f3 \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 huy h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng chi huy kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n. Chi huy l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan Cao \u1ee7y. Sau khi sang thay D \u2019Argenlieu l\u00e0m Cao \u1ee7y Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, E. Bollaert \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 chia l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c Khu v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u khu. Khu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 1 tinh do 1 trung \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef; Ti\u1ec3u khu do 1 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef; Ph\u00e2n khu do 1 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef. Khu B\u1eafc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng do T\u01b0\u1edbng Salan chi huy, bao g\u1ed3m: Khu H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, khu H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, khu \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc, khu T\u00e2y B\u1eafc. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 28-11-1947 c\u00f2n th\u00eam Ti\u1ec3u khu Cao B\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n. Khu Nam \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Troupe Fran\u1ecdaise Indochine Sud vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 T.F.I.S.) do T\u01b0\u1edbng Boyer De Latour ch\u1ec9 huy. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Nam \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m: Nam K\u1ef3, Campuchia, c\u00e1c tinh nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba, cao nguy\u00ean Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn. Khu Trung B\u1ed9 do T\u01b0\u1edbng Le Bris chi huy. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Khu Trung B\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam t\u1edbi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng. Ng\u00e0y 20-7-1947, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nam Trung B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 3 Khu m\u1edbi l\u00e0: Khu Cao nguy\u00ean, Khu Nha Trang, Khu \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1-8-1947, Khu \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng Cao nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nam \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t thu\u1ed9c khu Trung B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Cao nguy\u00ean. Chi huy c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i L\u00e0o (Troupe Fran\u1eb9aise au Laos) l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Boucher De Cr\u00e8vecoeur sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Domergue. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a L\u00e0o g\u1ed3m: Khu Trung Khu H\u1ea1 L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Khu Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e0o. Ch\u00ec huy c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Campuchia (Troupe Fran\u1eb9aise au Cambodge) l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Albinet. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Campuchia 322","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. bao g\u1ed3m: Khu Nam Campuchia, Khu B\u1eafc Campuchia, Khu T\u00e2y Campuchia. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c binh ch\u1ee7ng b\u1ed9 binh, qu\u00e2n nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch, qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn binh, v\u1ec7 binh c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, v \u1ec1 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan cung \u1ee9ng trang thi\u00eat b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p \u1edd Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng (C.E.F.E.O.)> M\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 1947, Ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan cung \u1ee9ng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cho Nam Trung B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra t\u1eeb c\u01a1 quan cung \u1ee9ng c\u00f9a Khu Nam \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (T.F.I.S.) l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan cung \u1ee9ng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Nam K\u1ef3. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n nhu v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n y. Qu\u00e2n nhu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m: Ban Thanh tra c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0169 kh\u00ed, Ban C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, C\u1ee5c Qu\u00e2n nhu B\u1eafc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, C\u1ee5c Qu\u00e2n nhu Nam \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, C\u1ee5c Qu\u00e2n kh\u00ed, C\u1ee5c X\u0103ng d\u1ea7u. Qu\u00e2n y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111om v\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh y t\u1ebf t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5p s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n, binh \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u00e1c Ban Qu\u00e2n y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 g\u1ed3m: c\u00e1c Ban Qu\u00e2n y c\u1ee7a Khu B\u1eafc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a Khu Nam \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edd S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 Nha Trang. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i y t\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf y t\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5, trang t\u00e2m h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, b\u1ec7nh x\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00edp m\u1ed5 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, g\u1ed3m 120.000 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1948 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n binh ch\u1ee7ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1nh hom r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb c\u00f9a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p quy\u00eat t\u00e2m m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng chi\u00ean \u1eefanh, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t nh\u1eb1m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh Nam B\u1ed9, v\u01a1 v\u00e9t nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c c\u00f9a Nam B\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ra B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ra s\u1ee9c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, uy hi\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edd Trung B\u1ed9. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 anh d\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n, l\u00e0m cho 323","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i gi\u1eb1ng co \u1edf th\u1ebf c\u00e0i r\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c, xen k\u1ebd l\u1eabn nhau, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean ba v\u00f9ng l\u00e0: - V\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do: l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Minh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; - V\u00f9ng du k\u00edch: l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ta v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p gi\u1eb1ng co nhau quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai, ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n c\u00f4ng khai, t\u00f9y t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong v\u00f9ng du k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch. C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ta \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t hay v\u00e0i x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t, hai huy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed9ng hom n\u1eefa. Trong v\u00f9ng du k\u00edch, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; - V\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng: l\u00e0 n\u01a1i qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ta b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadt ra ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai. Qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edd \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, \u0111i l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai, c\u00f2n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, du k\u00edch c\u1ee7a ta chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ed m\u1eadt. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1eebong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ecf khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c chi thi h\u00e0nh b\u00ed m\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f4i khi chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e0n. Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, ra s\u1ee9c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t g\u1eaft gao, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, tuy ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00f9ng du k\u00edch v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ecf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u1eabn nhau, lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean. Do nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau tr\u1eadn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc Thu - \u0110\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947, 324","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh\\\" chuy\u1ec3n sang \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i\\\" r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\\\", \\\"l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn tranh nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\". C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf l\u00fang t\u00fang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb l\u00fan s\u00e2u hon v\u00e0o m\u00e2u thu\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp trung v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 be t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. II. T\u00d3 CH\u1ee8C V\u00c0 HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u1ee6A CH\u00cdNH QUY\u00c8N TH\u1ef0C D\u00c2N TRONG V\u00d9NG PH\u00c1P CHI\u1ebeM \u0110\u00d3NG 1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n 1.1. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec3n Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1947, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tay sai c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. Ng\u00e0y 23-5-1948, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a B\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1eadp ra \\\"Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u00f9a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\", l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh giao cho Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i do Thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u00eam B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng; v\u1edbi 3 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n l\u00e0: Nghi\u00eam Xu\u00e2n Thi\u1ec7n - T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n B\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n, Phan V\u0103n Gi\u00e1o - T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n Trung ph\u1ea7n, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u1eefu - Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi ki\u00eam Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Nam K\u1ef31. Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u B\u1ed9 tnr\u00f2mg v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 tnrrmg n\u0103m gi\u1eef c\u00e1c B\u1ed92. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n l\u1ea5y c\u1edd m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng 3 s\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0m \\\"Qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3\\\", Qu\u1ed1c ca l\u00e0 b\u00e0i \\\"Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi Thanh ni\u00ean\\\" c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Lun H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u1edbc. 1. \u0110\u00e1ng l\u1ebd g\u1ecdi Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u1eefu l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n Nam ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec Ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a cho gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Nam K\u1ef3 n\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u1eefu v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tay sai khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Nam K\u1ef3. 2. Nguy\u1ec5n Khoa To\u00e0n l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 Nghi l\u1ec5, Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc V\u1ec7 l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ty l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng C\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Vinh l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Kinh t\u1ebf -T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, Phan Huy \u0110\u00e1n l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00f4ng tin tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n Vang l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Canh n\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1eb7ng H\u1eefu Tr\u00ed l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y t\u1ebf - X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i... 325","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tay sai, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng, n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn l\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7ng. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn Nguy\u1ec5n V\u00e3n Xu\u00e2n ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa b\u1ecdn b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn th\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn th\u00e2n M\u1ef9. Sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c Tinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh trong x\u00e31. Ng\u00e0y 5-6-1948, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 Cao \u1ee7y Bollaert k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp k\u00fd (contresner) c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m Duguay Trouin \u0111\u1eadu t\u1ea1i V\u1ecbnh H\u1ea1 Long. N\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \\\"n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\\\" c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam; vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n; Vi\u1ec7t Nam tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gia nh\u1eadp Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n giao quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ecbnh H\u1ea1 Long t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu l\u1eadp l\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8- 1948. Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp theo gi\u1eefa B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p sau n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 y\u00e9u k\u00e9m v\u00e0 th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edd ch\u1ed7 chi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec1n Vua L\u00ea \u1edd ph\u1ed1 L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y 6-6-1948. Bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 di\u1ec5n ra h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n m\u1eb7c \u00e1o th\u1ee5ng xanh, chi bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p2. 1. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi khi ban h\u00e0nh s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh ng\u00e0y 19-3-1953 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e3. 2. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f9a Ty c\u00f4ng an L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 s\u1ed1 59\/NTGT ng\u00e0y 18-6-1948. Trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 tu\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 966. 326","Cao \u1ee7y Ph\u00e1p H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00e9n l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4ng Duong C\u01a1 quan ph\u1ed5 tt\u00ec\u1ed5ng ^ti\u00e1p Chinh ph\u1ee7 tay sai trung rnng B\u00e1c ph\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam Trung ph\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh b\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n Mn bang C \u1ed4 v\u00e1ncH rttr\u00ec Ph\u1ecf&\u00e1tru\u1edfng 327","Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tay sai Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phir\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. Chinh quy\u00e9n qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p Thrfu t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 huy B\u1ea5c ph\u00e1n Vi\u00e8t Nam Ph\u00e2n khu S\/Secteur Ph\u00e2n qu\u1eadn","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1948, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t \u1ebf - t \u00e0 i ch\u00ednh trong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1edd, r\u00fat b\u1edbt nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1948, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng s\u1edf cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, song v\u1eabn gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 S\u1edd N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh S\u1edf Canh n\u00f4ng B\u1eafc K\u1ef3; ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh S\u1edf Th\u00fa y B\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 S\u1edf Th\u00fa y B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p chuy\u00ean ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch th\u00fa y \u1edf Trung, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2... Ng\u00e0y 21-10-1948, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p c\u1eed L\u00e9on Pignon l\u00e0m Cao \u1ee7y Ph\u00e1p \u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1949, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Hoa (1-10-1949) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 lo s\u1ee3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1, n\u00ean M\u1ef9 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u00e9p Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i n\u1edbi th\u00eam quy\u1ec1n cho B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ede Ph\u00e1p, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 do Henri Queuille l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng1, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf - t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t. \u1ede \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 hom t\u1eeb ph\u00eda M\u1ef9. Do \u0111\u00f3, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3, ng\u00e0y 8-3-1949, t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00c9lys\u00e9e \u1edd Paris, Vincent Auriol, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd v\u1edbi B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0. Ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \\\"Th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p - Vi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y 8-3-1949\\\" (\\\"Accord Franco - 1. Henri Queuille l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1-1949 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10-1949 v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7-1951. 328","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. Vietnamien du 8 mars 1949\\\")'. Th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 14- 6-1949. N\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0: Ph\u00e1p kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh; Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ri\u00eang nhung do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n; Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u00fac c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p; \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng franc Ph\u00e1p; Quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c \u1edf trong tay Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p; S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nam B\u1ed9 hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn; Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u00f9a Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n Ngo\u1ea1i giao n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m th\u01b0 cho T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n Ngo\u1ea1i giao Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadn \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i Lan, Trung Hoa Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh Vatic\u0103ng. Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng trong ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u1ede trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0: c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a S\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf m\u1edbi. m\u1edf ph\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng tin...; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n r\u00f9m beng h\u00f2ng n\u00e2ng cao uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1ee7 y ban ngh\u00eanh gi\u00e1, c\u1eed ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n sang Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y 28-4-1949, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed5ng \u1edd \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t. Trong th\u00e1ng 5 v\u00e0 6-1949, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tay sai t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p k\u1ef3, t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n, x\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \\\"x\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\\\" \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung g\u00e2y uy t\u00edn cho B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, ch\u00fang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t g\u1ea1o, v\u1ea3i, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o cho d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o, ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n, 1. Th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p Auriol - B\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y 8-3-1949. V\u0103n h\u00f3a li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Paris, 1949, tr. 9. 329","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00edt tinh, di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft, d\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef ca ng\u1ee3i B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Nam K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t Nam K\u1ef3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 3-6-1949 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Nam K\u1ef3 tr\u1edd v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i tranh gi\u00e0nh nhau quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, ng\u00e0y 1-7-1949, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ra l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u1edd \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t. B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng' ki\u00eam Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"Qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" theo Philippe Devillers \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \\\"Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, c\u00e1i \\\"Qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i l\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tai m\u1eaft. N\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n kh\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p\\\"2. Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u00eam T\u1ed5ng tru\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Tr\u00ed l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn B\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n, Phan V\u0103n Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn Trung ph\u00e0n, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u1eefu l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn Nam ph\u1ea7n3. Sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i 1. Sau n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f9a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, 5 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 10-5-1954, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i r\u1eddi S\u00e0i G\u00f2n sang Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay Lib\u00e9rator, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t vai tr\u00f2 \\\"Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn\\\". Ng\u00e0y 1-8-1997, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i - \u00f4ng Vua cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Val de Grace \u1edf Paris (Ph\u00e1p). 2. Philippe Devillers, Paris - Sai Gon - Ha Noi. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh 1944-1947. (Ho\u00e0ng H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch). Nxb. T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, 2003, tr. 416 3. Nguy\u1ec5n Phan Long l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ngo\u1ea1i giao, Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc V\u1ec7 l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u00c2n l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c gia kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Tr\u00e2n l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u00eam B\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5, D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n T\u00e0i l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, L\u00ea Th\u1eafng l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao, Tr\u1ea7n Quang Vinh l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, 330","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phutmg c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ee5, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 2 \u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 1 ng\u00e0y 1-7-1949 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n \u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 2 ng\u00e0y 1-7-1949 v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn, Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. \u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 2 c\u00f2n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"Ve ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea7n: B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, Trung K\u1ef3, Nam Vi\u1ec7t\\\". T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh t\u1ec9nh, qu\u1eadn, t\u1ed5ng, x\u00e3. \u1edc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Khu h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh (tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn), \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh (tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn), Bang h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh (\u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea5p Qu\u1eadn). Do Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e1ng 10-1949, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nh\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Kinh t\u1ebf - X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 - Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (ESCAP), T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO) v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ILO). Ng\u00e0y 30-12-1949, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i k\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 \u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n Ph\u00e1p trao tr\u1ea3 cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng s\u1edd do c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn theo giao k\u00e8o v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 S\u1edf do H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Li\u00ean qu\u1ed1c (Vi\u1ec7t Nam - L\u00e0o - Campuchia v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trao tr\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 S\u1edf Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, quan thu\u1ebf, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch... \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1p trao tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n \\\"\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\\\" v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ecb cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p Ho\u00e0ng Cung l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, Phan Kh\u1eafc S\u1eedu l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Canh n\u00f4ng - X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n C\u1ee7a l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c - Giao th\u00f4ng - Ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft, Phan Huy Qu\u00e1t l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00f4n Ho\u00e0n l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Thanh ni\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Phi\u1ebfm l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Tuy\u00ean l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Th\u00f4ng tin, \u0110\u1eb7ng Trinh K\u1ef3 l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00fd Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. 331","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Philippe Devillers vi\u1ebft: \\\"Quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 tinh\\\"1. v \u1ec1 ph\u00eda M\u1ef9, c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y M\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng khai t\u1ecf r\u00f5 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u hom v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ef9 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c \u00e9p v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y 21-1-1950, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u00f2i do Nguy\u1ec5n Phan Long l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u00eam T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5. Phan Huy Qu\u00e1t l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u00eam T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng2. Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n M\u1ef9 thay th\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con b\u00e0i B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i hay nh\u1eefng con b\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p M\u1ef9 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, trong k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y 29-1-1950 v\u1edbi 401 phi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 195 phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc \u00c9lys\u00e9e. Ng\u00e0y 2-2-1950, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Truman tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y 3-2-1950, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc 8-3-1949 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. Do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, M \u1ef9 v\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n do B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1eed \u0111i c\u00f4ng c\u00e1n \u1edd 1. Philippe Devillers, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1940-1952. Nxb. Seuil, Paris, 1952, tr. 447. 2. D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n T\u00e0i l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Quang Nh\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, L\u00ea Quang Huy l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c - Giao th\u00f4ng - Ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft, \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 tu\u1edbng, L\u00ea Th\u1eafng l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Canh n\u00f4ng, V\u00f5 Duy Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf, Ho\u00e0ng Cung l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i - K\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, L\u00ea V\u0103n Ng\u1ecd l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00f4n Ho\u00e0n l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 Th\u1ec3 thao, Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0 k\u00fd Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (B\u1ed9 Th\u00f4ng tin th\u00e0nh Nha Th\u00f4ng tin thu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng). 332","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. n\u01b0cc ngo\u00e0i, n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp sau Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 31 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i trong n\u0103m 1950 l\u00e0: United States (ng\u00e0y 7-2), United Kingdom (ng\u00e0y 7-2), Belgium (ng\u00e0y 8-2), Australia (ng\u00e0y 8-2), Luxembourg (ng\u00e0y 9-2), Italy (ng\u00e0y 11-2), Grecee (ng\u00e0y 12- 2), Trans Jordania (ng\u00e0y 20-2), Honduras (ng\u00e0y 25-2), Brazil (ng\u00e0y 27-2), Thailand (ng\u00e0y 28-2), Cor\u00e9e du Sud (ng\u00e0y 3-3), Spain (ng\u00e0y 3-3), Equatorial Guinea (ng\u00e0y 10-3), Peru (ng\u00e0y 10-3), Vatican (ng\u00e0y 13-3), A\u00edrique du Sud (ng\u00e0y 13-3), V\u00e9n\u00e9zuela (ng\u00e0y 13-3), Costa Rica (ng\u00e0y 15-3), Cuba (ng\u00e0y 16-3), Portugal (ng\u00e0y 12-4), Holland (ng\u00e0y 12-4), Paraguay (ng\u00e0y 13-4), Colombia (ng\u00e0y 29-4), Argentina (ng\u00e0y 4-5), Lib\u00e9ria (ng\u00e0y 24-5), Chili (ng\u00e0y 2-6), Nicaragua (ng\u00e0y 19-6), Haiti (ng\u00e0y 22-6), Panama (ng\u00e0y 5-10), E1 Salvador (ng\u00e0y 5-10)'. V\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd hom, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed T\u01b0\u1edbng Chevance Bertin l\u00e0m c \u1ed1 v\u1ea5n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tay sai \u1edd c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nguy\u1ec5n Phan Long, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, chi m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n, do Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Long qu\u00e1 ng\u1ea3 theo M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn tranh gi\u00e0nh nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111ja v\u1ecb v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i. M\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 37 ng\u00e0y 6-5-1950, do Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u1eefu l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u00eam Ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng2. 1. C\u00f2n 2 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i sau n\u0103m 1950 l\u00e0 Canada (12-1952) v\u00e0 Turquie (14-3-1953). B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f9a C\u00f4ng an khu H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n n\u0103m 1952. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 960. 2. Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u1eefu g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u1eefu l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u00eam T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i giao, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u00ed l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn B\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n, Phan V\u0103n Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn Trung ph\u1ea7n, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Vinh l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn Nam ph\u1ea7n, Tr\u1ea7n Quang Vinh l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m 333","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p h\u01a1n thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n M\u1ef9. Th\u00e1ng 6-1950, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Li\u00ean qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdp \u1edf tinh Pau (Ph\u00e1p) g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u00e1p - Vi\u1ec7t Nam - L\u00e0o - Campuchia. Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1i do Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Vinh l\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n2. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Pau di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1ecb b\u1ebf t\u1eafc do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Campuchia. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28-11-1950 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham d\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u00e0o, Campuchia ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: - N\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p trao tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn gi\u1eef t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc; - \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng chi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 can thi\u1ec7p trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, Ph\u00e1p chi can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft \u1edf H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Pau, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 di tr\u00fa, th\u00f4ng tin, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5, Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u0103c V\u1ec7 l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tru\u1edfng B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Quang Nh\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c gia Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n T\u00e0i l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Thanh ni\u00ean Th\u1ec3 thao, Ho\u00e0ng Cung l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c gia kinh t\u1ebf, \u0110\u1eb7ng H\u1eefu Tr\u00ed l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, L\u00ea Quang Huy l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n To\u00e1n l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Nha Th\u00f4ng tin, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u00e2m l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Nha C\u00f4ng an Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0110\u1ed7 H\u00f9ng l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0 k\u00fd Ngo\u1ea1i giao, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Tuy\u00ean l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng. 2. Ngo\u00e0i \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Vinh, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng: D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n T\u00e0i - T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, Ho\u00e0ng Cung - T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c gia kinh t\u1ebf, L\u00ea Quang Huy - T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh - Ke ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Tuy\u00ean - B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1eafc Kh\u00ea - Ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5ng l\u00fd V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng. 334","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. kinh t\u1ebf, ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, quan thu\u1ebf, h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i, v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Campuchia, L\u00e0o c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia ri\u00eang, v \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y do tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00ean Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 hoan ngh\u00eanh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \\\"l\u1eadp h\u1ea3i, l\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb do Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c gi\u00fap\\\"1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i tay sai r\u1ea5t l\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7ng do nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi M\u1ef9. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ed5 sung t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng to l\u1edbn tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (1945-1954) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1992, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Alain Ruscio vi\u1ebft: s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, ch\u1ebft, m\u1ea5t t\u00edch trong qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng minh trong n\u0103m 1948 kho\u1ea3ng 6.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u0103m 1949 kho\u1ea3ng 7.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u0103m 1950 kho\u1ea3ng 12.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ed9ng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf - t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0m cho th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf l\u00fang t\u00fang, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh. Th\u00e1ng 4 -1 9 5 0 , T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 Truman \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 NSC 64 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng: Tuycn b\u1ed3 M \u1ef9 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho \u0110 \u00f4ng D \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i c\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ed9n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edd bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Ng\u00e0y 1-5-1950, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Truman l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 10 \u1eebi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u00ednh l\u00edu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6-1950, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n: vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf \\\"ECA\\\" v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \\\"PAM\\\". 1. Theo Le Monde ng\u00e0y 28-11-1950. 335","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 - Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf \\\"ECA\\\" v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 15.470.000USD, bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft, y t\u1ebf, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p, v\u1ea3i v\u00f3c, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u0103n m\u00e0n...1. - Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \\\"PAM \\\" nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tay sai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5n d\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i h\u1ea5t c\u1eb3ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u00e1ng 6-1950, chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u ch\u1edf v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M\u1ef9 cho \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Ng\u00e0y 4- 10-1950, M\u1ef9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7n \u1eeb\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M\u1ef9 MAAG (Millitary Aid and Advisory Group) t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ed3m 35 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 7 m\u00e1y bay Dakota cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p, 12 xe t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn, 4 xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf, 30 xe Jeep, 8 xe r\u01a1 mo\u00f3c cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tay sai2. Sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (th\u00e1ng 9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10- 1950), qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf H\u00e0 Giang, L\u00e0o Cai, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Cao B\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi 75% qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 82% v\u0169 kh\u00ed b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n ta thu gi\u1eef. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ren\u00e9 Pleven bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u M\u1ef9 vi\u1ec7n \u1eeb\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u1eebao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa Truman v\u00e0 Mc. Arthur \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Wake, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 200 tri\u1ec7u USD cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tay sai3. Th\u00e1ng 10-1950, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Juin v\u00e0 Letoumeau g\u1eb7p Donald Heath \u1edd S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t (\u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 11-1950) \u0111\u1ec3 1. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f9a Nha C\u00f4ng an Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1 138 NCATL ng\u00e0y 10-11-1950. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 896. 2. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 cho Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9a Nha C\u00f4ng an Trung \u01b0cmg n\u0103m 1950. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 986. 3. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f9a Nha C\u00f4ng an Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed5 1931 NCA\/TB ng\u00e0y 22-11- 1950. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 896. 336","Ch\u01b0cmg V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phinmg c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00fd k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc chung gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p - M\u1ef9 - Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \\\"Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Theo \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1ng 11-1950, M\u1ef9 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn g\u1ed3m: 40 m\u00e1y bay Hellcat, 36 thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p, 6 t\u00e0u qu\u00e9t m\u00ecn, 10 t\u00e0u tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ec5u b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n (Privatrans) v\u00e0 30 xe t\u0103ng. Ng\u00e0y 6-12-1950, T\u01b0\u1edbng Jean Delattre De Tassigny thay Cao \u1ee7y L\u00e9on Pignon v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh M. Carpentier l\u00e0m Cao \u1ee7y ki\u00eam T\u1ed5ng T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p \u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Delattre \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao n\u1eafm to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1 1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p g\u1eedi sang \u0111\u1ec3 chi huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh h\u00f2ng c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng x\u1ea5u \u0111i \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 ngay trong th\u00e1ng 12-1950, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 binh \u0111o\u00e0n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 4 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00f9 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf c\u00e1c tinh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. B\u00e1o ch\u00ed Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed9i ca ng\u1ee3i Delattre chi trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Chi huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai. Ng\u00e0y 23-12-1950, Letoumeau, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam (B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i), L\u00e0o, Campuchia k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 chung \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Washington. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \\\"vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3\\\" qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M\u1ef9. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 M\u1ef9 can thi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e0u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00ednh l\u00edu ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Sau \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed Donald Heath l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 M\u1ef9 b\u00eari c\u1ea1nh B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. M\u1ef9 cam k\u1ebft s\u1ebd vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft n\u0103m 1950, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn 150.000\u01afSD v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 337","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 v\u00e0 23.000USD v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 350 chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u ch\u1edf v\u0169 kh\u00ed, xe t\u0103ng, xe Jeep, xe t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, thu\u1ed1c men, v\u1ea3i v\u00f3c, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u0103n m\u00e0n, s\u1eefa h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 cho \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c, v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trang b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i tay sai. s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee7 trang b\u1ecb cho 20 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n. Ri\u00eang trong th\u00e1ng 8 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 9-1950 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u0169 trang cho 12 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i tay sai (g\u1ed3m 8 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 3 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ednh Campuchia, 1 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ednh L\u00e0o), v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i s\u00e2u th\u00eam m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n M\u1ef9. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 r\u1ea5t r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \\\"l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9\\\", \\\"v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u1ef9\\\", g\u00e2y t\u00e2m l\u00fd \\\"s\u1ee3 M\u1ef9\\\", v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, do h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a M\u1ef9 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh gay g\u1eaft v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ti\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng s\u01a1n, d\u1ec7t, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m... Vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 cho \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng su\u1ed1t n\u0103m 1950 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 chi\u1ebfn tranh Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. C\u0169ng trong d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0y 23-12-1950, Ph\u00e1p k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u00e0y 25-12-1950 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Campuchia v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 27-12-1950 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a L\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, do nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t \u1edd 338","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Ngay b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean Ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i cho Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u1eefu l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1951. 1.2. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1947, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb g\u1ed3m ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng an, t\u00f2a \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee7 Cao \u1ee7y Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1edf M\u1eadt th\u00e1m Li\u00ean bang \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m, T\u00f2a s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m. D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1947 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1948. C\u01a1 quan cao c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee7 \u1ee7 y vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t. T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t1, T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n B\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n, S\u1edf C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t, S\u1edd T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, Nha Y t\u1ebf, Nha B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n, Nha C\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, Nha Kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, S\u1edf \u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ednh... \u1ede Trung B\u1ed9, chi huy chung l\u00e0 Crr quan IJy vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Trung K\u1ef3 (Commissariat de la R\u00e9publique en Annam - vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C.R.A.), c\u00f3 Ph\u00f2ng D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (Cabinet civil) v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (Cabinet militaire) gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Tham ngh\u1ecb l\u00e2m th\u1eddi Trung K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u1eed ra H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh Trang K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Ph\u00f2ng: Ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh, Ngo\u1ea1i giao, Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, Vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c, Qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5, K\u1ebf to\u00e1n, Thu\u1ebf kh\u00f3a gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh 1. Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9c b\u1edfi D\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 2 c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y 1-7- 1949, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ee5, s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh, ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh; ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00ecnh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 x\u00e3; vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng... 339","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u1ecf S\u1edf Giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, S\u1edf Th\u1ee7y l\u00e2m, S\u1edf H\u1ecdc ch\u00e1nh, S\u1edf Canh n\u00f4ng, S\u1edf Y t\u1ebf, S\u1edf C\u1ee9u t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n tra lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, S\u1edd Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf, S\u1edf V\u0103n h\u00f3a, S\u1edf M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u0103n ch\u1ebf - d\u00e2n y, Nha th\u00f4ng tin tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1o ch \u00ed... T\u1ea1i Nam B\u1ed9, sau khi theo ch\u00e2n qu\u00e2n Anh gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1p qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u00e0y 23-9-1945, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i Nam B\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Codile \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m \u1ee7y vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ea1i Nam B\u1ed9 (Commissaire de la Republique). B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Nam ph\u1ea7n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh: c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh do c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam l\u00e0m Tinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 tinh do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p cai tr\u1ecb. Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 22 tinh l\u00e0: Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn, T\u00e2n An, T\u00e2y Ninh, G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng, T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh, Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, B\u00e0 R\u1ecba, Th\u1ee7 D\u1ea7u M\u1ed9t, Cap-Saint Jacques, M \u1ef9 Tho, VTnh Long, Ben Tre, Tr\u00e0 Vinh, Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c, Long Xuy\u00ean, Sa \u0110\u00e9c, S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng, c \u1ea7 n Th\u01a1, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau. Sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nam K\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb do b\u00e1c s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thinh l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng (ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1ng 6-1946)1v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u1ea1ch ra \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 6-12-1946, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp ra Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi Nam ph\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y 1-10-1947 do Thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng N guy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 2 3 -5-1948 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \\\"Qu\u1ed1c gia\\\" l\u00e0m tay sai cho th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p tinh, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1948, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tinh l\u1ef5 b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An d\u00e2n. Quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng hom so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0y 8-11-1947 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An d\u00e2n th\u1ec9 c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0: \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng cai qu\u1ea3n 1 tinh, Qu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edfng cai qu\u1ea3n 1 huy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. \u1ede c\u00e1c tinh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, Ninh Thu\u1eadn, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, Long An, B\u1ebfn Tre Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t T\u00f2a c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh 1. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thinh t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn ng\u00e0y 10-11-1946. 340","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. T\u00f2a tinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c cho T\u00f2a tinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 S\u1edd chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u01b0: S\u1edf \u0110oan (S\u1edf thu\u1ebf), S\u1edf Ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u, S\u1edf \u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ednh, S\u1edf Kinh t\u1ebf, S\u1edf Kho b\u1ea1c, S\u1edf C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, Ph\u00f2ng Sinh t\u1eed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00fa, Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00f4ng tin. \u1edf c\u00e1c tinh nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u00f2a c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean quan ch\u00ec huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c (secteur) hay m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng (z\u00f3ne) tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ra m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh cho T\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, chi th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. C\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i Ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 th\u00ec t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Huy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay Tr\u01b0\u1edfng khu (Chef Secteur). C\u00f2n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp xong H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 noi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tri huy\u1ec7n hay Tri ph\u1ee7. \u1ede t\u00ecnh H\u1ea3i Ninh, Qu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tri tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Tri ch\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c Tri ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u huy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u do vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u1ede H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ba huy\u1ec7n V\u0103n Giang, Y\u00ean M\u1ef9, Kho\u00e1i Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1eb7t chung d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Qu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng, th\u00f2ri k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng, Ph\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng hay Ch\u00e1nh, Ph\u00f3 t\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n. Ch\u1ee9c Ch\u00e1nh, Ph\u00f3 t\u00f4ng do c\u00e1c Ch\u00e1nh, Ph\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c c\u1eed ra. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 b\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00e1nh, Ph\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng m\u00e0 do Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c Qu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch c\u1eed ra. T\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u00e1nh, Ph\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng. \u1edc c\u00e1c x\u00e3, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u1eeba ph\u00ecnh, mua chu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i t\u1ec11. H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: Ti\u00ean chi, Th\u1ee9 chi, L\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng, Ph\u00f3 l\u00fd, Th\u01b0 k\u00fd, Th\u1ee7 qu\u1ef9. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tu\u1ea7n. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tr\u00f4ng nom tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb an, 1. H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 do Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0y 27-8-1904, Ph\u00e1p ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ban h\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0ng) g\u1ed3m 12 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang nh\u01b0: H\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7, H\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0, H\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng... 341","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 canh ph\u00f2ng, k\u00ea khai s\u1ed1 t\u00e0 u b\u00f2, th\u00f3c l\u00faa, nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u trong x\u00e3, thi h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf v\u00e0 do th\u00e1m ch\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m cho Ph\u00e1p. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1948, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2ri \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. Trong 9 tinh Li\u00ean khu I th\u00ec 7 tinh c\u00f3 khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng (tr\u1eeb Ph\u00fac Y\u00ean v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean). Li\u00ean khu X c\u00f3 59.147km2 th\u00ec 40.000km2 b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c tinh Lai Ch\u00e2u, S\u01a1n La, Mai \u0110\u00e0, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, L\u00e0o Cai, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, H\u00e0 Giang, V\u0129nh Y\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y. H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 t\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 1948 tr\u1edd \u0111i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp do: - M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 do b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n hay h\u00e1m l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra xin Ph\u00e1p cho l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1; - Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra xin l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft d\u00e2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eeb L\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng, Ph\u00f3 l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai \u1ee9ng c\u1eed th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p chi \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c h\u01b0u tri, k\u1ef3 h\u00e0o, c\u1ef1u binh bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p ra \u1ee9ng c\u1eeb; - Nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng \u1edf g\u1ea7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 g\u1eaft gao, b\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp t\u1ec1 bao v\u00e2y, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, h\u0103m d\u1ecda, n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c Ban t\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Ban t\u1ec1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi \u1ee7 y ban Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng Ban t\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00eam l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean Ban t\u1ec1 mang ch\u0103n, m\u00e0n l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ng\u1ee7, ban ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi d\u00e1m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u1edf nh\u00e0, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c canh g\u00e1c r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00ec s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb ta ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. 342","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phirong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1948 v\u1eabn g\u1ed3m: L\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng (c\u00f3 n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 X\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay Ch\u00e1nh k\u1ef3 h\u00e0o) v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 l\u00fd, Th\u01b0 k\u00fd, Ch\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1, Th\u1ee7 qu\u1ef9, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tu\u1ea7n. \u1ede nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng to c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 2 L\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng, 2 Ph\u00f3 l\u00fd. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00f2n c\u1eed ra m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c (c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ban c\u1ed5 v\u1ea5n, Ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4n, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh hay H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec3u). H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do d\u00e2n b\u1ea7u l\u00ean, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec gia nh\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m 2\/3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec3u (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u do gi\u00e1p, th\u00f4n c\u1eed ra), c\u00f2n 1\/3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n h\u00e0o, K\u1ef3 h\u00e0o do Qu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng Ngu\u1ed3n: Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed9p 62, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 952. 343","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 c\u1eed ra. M\u1ed7i gi\u00e1p, th\u00f4n t\u00f9y theo s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eeb ra m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u H\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec3u, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec3u do Qu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1eed H\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh k\u00fd k\u1ebft1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i b\u1ea7u ra m\u1ed9t Ban g\u1ed3m: Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7, Ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 H\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7, c \u1ed1 v\u1ea5n nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u00ean chi, c \u1ed1 v\u1ea5n nh\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 chi, Ch\u00e1nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tu\u1ea7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Ch\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea1, H\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i, Th\u1ee7 qu\u1ef9 \u0111o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong, hay ngo\u00e0i h\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec3u. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1n, c\u00f4ng th\u1ed5, thu thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng, h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh, y t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1, h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee7 thu, \u0111\u1ee7 chi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m qu\u1ef9. M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u00eau l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf trong l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb qu\u1ef9 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c v\u1ee5 x\u00f4 x\u00e1t trong d\u00e2n, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng chi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea1t vi c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 do x\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 g\u1eaft gao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n mua chu\u1ed9c, l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p n\u00ean H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 2-1948, \u1edf H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 74 l\u00e0ng l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1, trong \u0111\u00f3 huy\u1ec7n Thanh Tr\u00ec c\u00f3 20 l\u00e0ng, huy\u1ec7n Thanh Oai c\u00f3 35 l\u00e0ng, huy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 19 l\u00e0ng; trong tinh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, huy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m Gi\u00e0ng c\u00f3 81 x\u00e3, huy\u1ec7n Kim Thanh c\u00f3 12 x\u00e3, huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh Thanh c\u00f3 5 x\u00e3, huy\u1ec7n Gia L\u1ed9c c\u00f3 9 x\u00e3, huy\u1ec7n Thanh H\u00e0 c\u00f3 1 x\u00e3, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u c\u00f3 4 x\u00e3; \u1edf H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean, huy\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 H\u00e0o c\u00f3 37 x\u00e3, huy\u1ec7n Y\u00ean M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 25 x\u00e3, huy\u1ec7n Kho\u00e1i Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 10 x\u00e3, to\u00e0n huy\u1ec7n V\u0103n L\u00e2m v\u00e0 V\u0103n Giang \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp t\u1ec1; \u1edf Ki\u1ebfn An, huy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee5y c\u00f3 75 l\u00e0ng, huy\u1ec7n H\u1ea3i An c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 l\u1eadp t\u1ec1, huy\u1ec7n An L\u00e3o c\u00f3 35 l\u00e0ng, huy\u1ec7n An D\u01b0cmg c\u00f3 62 l\u00e0ng; \u1edf tinh Qu\u1ea3ng H\u1ed3ng, to\u00e0n huy\u1ec7n Y\u00ean H\u01b0ng, ch\u00e2u C\u00e1t H\u1ea3i, khu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t H\u00f2n Gai, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean, 1. T\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ebb t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn trong n\u0103m 1948-1952. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u1ecfng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 960. 344","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phuvng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. 65 x\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean, 20 x\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 Kinh M\u00f4n, 90 x\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 Nam S\u00e1ch, 4 x\u00e3 c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec7n Ch\u00ed Linh, 12 x\u00e3 c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec7n L\u1ee5c Scm H\u1ea3i. Trong c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n Nam ph\u1ea7n B\u1eafc Ninh l\u00e0 Gia L\u00e2m, Gia B\u00ecnh, Lang T\u00e0i, Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 348 H\u1ed9i t\u1ec11. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9a H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u0169ng binh \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho ta trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edd c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u1edf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c Ban t\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c Ban t\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh. B\u1eddi v\u00ec ban ng\u00e0y h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Ph\u00e1p, ban \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh. C\u00e1c Ban t\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"t\u1ec1 hai m\u1eb7t\\\". Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Ban t\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, v\u1eeba s\u1ee3 Vi\u1ec7t Minh, v\u1eeba s\u1ee3 Ph\u00e1p kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1948, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tinh Trung du B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Trung B\u1ed9, Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Cao nguy\u00ean Nam B\u1ed9. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u1edf h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, v \u1ec1 ph\u00eda ta, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch, v\u1eeba t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1 \u00e2m m\u01b0u \\\"d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\\\", \\\"l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn tranh nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\". Song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1edd, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"chia \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb\\\" h\u00f2ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7-1948, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1ng i\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \\\"x\u1ee9 t\u1ee5 tr\u1ecb\\\" \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 nh\u01b0: Khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y B\u1eafc 1. T\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng... T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 960. 345","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \\\"x\u1ee9 M\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\\\" Ngu\u1ed3n: Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia m , ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 954, tr. 92. 346","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phutmg c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. (Secteur Auto-nome Nord Ouest, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 S.A.N.O.) g\u1ed3m 10 ph\u00e2n khu: S\u01a1n La, Lai Ch\u00e2u, Ngh\u0129a L\u1ed9, L\u00e0o Cai, Phong Th\u1ed5, Ph\u1ed1 R\u00e0ng, H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, Su\u1ed1i R\u00fat (Vi\u1ec7t Nam); Phong Sa L\u1ef3, s\u1ea7m N\u01b0a (L\u00e0o); \\\"X\u1ee9 Th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\\\" g\u1ed3m 3 t\u00ecnh: S\u01a1n La do B\u1ea1c c\u1ea7m Qu\u00fd l\u00e0m Tinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, Lai Ch\u00e2u do \u0110\u00e8o V\u0103n Long l\u00e0m T\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, Phong Th\u1ed5 do \u0110\u00e8o V\u0103n \u00c2n l\u00e0m Tinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. \\\"X\u1ee9 Th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\\\" \u1edf Ngh\u0129a L\u1ed9 do C\u1ea7m Ng\u1ecdc Minh l\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edfng; \\\"X\u1ee9 N\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\\\" g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e0 ng\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng do Th\u1ed5 ty N\u00f4ng V\u0129nh An \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u; \\\"X\u1ee9 M\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\\\" do H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean bang M\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m \u0110inh C\u00f4ng Tu\u1ea5n, Qu\u00e1ch B\u01b0u, \u0110inh Th\u1ebf Khanh cai qu\u1ea3n... \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n cho l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \\\"\u0110\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a binh \u00e1o ch\u00e0m\\\", c\u00e1c \\\"\u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\\\", phong c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc cao cho nh\u1eefng t\u00ean c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u. Tuy c\u00e1c \\\"x\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\\\" do c\u00e1c Th\u1ed5 ty, Lang \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong tay nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1948, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ban t\u1ec1, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp t\u1ec1, d\u00f9ng H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, chia r\u1ebd d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, chia r\u1ebd nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chinh s\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. \u0110 \u1ebb ph\u00e1 lan \u00e2in m\u01b0u th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, trong \u0111\u1ee3t T\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12-1948 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 1-1949, ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0u h\u1ebft H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1, nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb hoang mang dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong 3 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1949, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i l\u1eadp t\u1ec1 v\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1950, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tay sai c\u1ea5p t\u00ecnh \u1eefong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp kh\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 T\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n chi huy v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong tinh1. 1. Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c Tinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tay sai n\u0103m 1950: H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean: V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng K\u1ef3; Ninh B\u00ecnh (B\u00f9i Chu, Ph\u00e1t Di\u1ec7m, Nga S\u01a1n): Ph\u1ea1m Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh: Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ea1nh Hoan; H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng: L\u00ea V\u0103n Tuy\u1ebft; Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh: 347","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea5p tinh, theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p X\u00e3 l\u00ean c\u1ea5p Qu\u1eadn2. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh trong x\u00e3 theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau: M\u1ed7i x\u00e3 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t X\u00e3 \u1ee7y, m\u1ed9t Ph\u00f3 x\u00e3 \u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh trong x\u00e3, quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p T\u1ed5ng, Bang, Qu\u1eadn t\u00f9y theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4n hay nhi\u1ec1u x\u00f3m h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec b\u1ea7u th\u00eam Tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00f3m gi\u00fap Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 x\u00e3 \u1ee7y. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft c\u1eed hay b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ch\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean Bang hay Qu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p Tinh nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Th\u01b0 k\u00fd gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng cho X\u00e3 \u1ee7y, H\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch, Ch\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea1 gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u1ed5 ki\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ch\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, m\u1ed9t Ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i ph\u00f3, m\u1ed9t Th\u01b0 k\u00fd ki\u00eam Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Gia; S\u01a1n T\u00e2y: Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n c\u1ea7u; Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd: Ho\u00e0ng B\u00ednh; H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng: Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thanh; Ki\u1ebfn An: Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 Thu\u1eadn; H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean bang M\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh: Ch\u00e1nh quan lang \u0110inh C\u00f4ng Tu\u1ea5n, Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch x\u1ee9 M\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u00e1ch B\u01b0u, Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch x\u1ee9 M\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110inh Th\u1ebf Khanh; H\u00e0 Nam: Ho\u00e0ng Th\u1ee5y Nham; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng: Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Thi\u1ec7n Chi; Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean: L\u01b0u M\u1ea1nh Lu\u00e2n; V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac: Ph\u1ea1m Gia S\u1eedu; L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n: Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Ng\u1ecdc; L\u00e0o Cai: N\u00f4ng V\u0129nh An; B\u1eafc Ninh: Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Chung; H\u1ea3i Ninh: Ch\u00e2u Dinh; Lai Ch\u00e2u: \u0110\u00e8o V\u0103n Long; H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: Ho\u00e0ng Th\u1ea9m T\u00edn; Qu\u00e0ng B\u00ecnh: Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Nghi; Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb: Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0i; Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean: \u0110\u1ed3ng S\u0129 Nga; Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a: B\u00f9i V\u0103n An; Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh: Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u01b0; T\u00e2y Ninh: T\u00f4 V\u0103n Qua; B\u00e0 R\u1ecba: L\u00ea T\u1ed1ng; Cap Staint Jacques; T\u00e2n An: L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ecd; M\u1ef9 Tho: L\u00ea V\u0103n An; G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng: \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n K\u1ef3; V\u0129nh Long: Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7n; Sa \u0110\u00e9c: Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110i\u1ec1u; S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng: So Lier; B\u1ebfn Tre: Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110. Cao; B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau: L\u01b0\u01a1ng K. Nha; c\u1ea7n Th\u01a1: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ecdng Vinh (Tr\u1ecbnh Tu\u1ea5n Truy\u1ec1n thay Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ecdng Vinh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7-1950); Long Xuy\u00ean: Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Th\u01a1; Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c: \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n L\u00fd; R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1: Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ph\u1ea1m; H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean: Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u1ea3i. (Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f9a Nha C\u00f4ng an Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ty t\u1eadp trung t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, 11-1950. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u00f9 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 955, tr. 50). 2. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb trong d\u00e2n. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 9. 348","Ch\u01b0cmg V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. Th\u1ee7 qu\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean t\u00f9y theo s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u trong x\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ede m\u1ed7i x\u00e3 c\u00f2n l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 Ban t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n x\u00e3 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ban t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn cho H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1ch b\u1ea7u c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed theo l\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng phi\u1ebfu k\u00edn. Nam gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb 18 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu. Nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 m\u1ed7i kh\u00f3a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 3 n\u0103m. Do vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp Ban t\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua chu\u1ed9c, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1, Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: 1. v \u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi - Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng nay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng \u1ee7y; - L\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1eddng nay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 X\u00e3 \u1ee7y; - Ph\u00f3 l\u00fd nay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 x\u00e3 \u1ee7y. 2. v\u1ec1 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p - T\u1ed5ng \u1ee7y l\u0129nh 250 \u0111 \u0110D (\u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng) \/th\u00e1ng; - T\u1ed5ng tu\u1ea7n l\u0129nh 200 \u0111 \u0110D\/th\u00e1ng; - X\u00e3 \u1ee7y l\u0129nh 200 \u0111 \u0110D\/th\u00e1ng; - Ph\u00f3 x\u00e3 \u1ee7y l\u0129nh 150 \u0111 \u0110D\/th\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c T\u1ed5ng \u1ee7y, X\u00e3 \u1ee7y b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u00ec ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u00ec th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 sau: 1.Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 - L\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng \u1ee7y: th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n l\u0129nh 3.000 \u0111 \u0110D; - L\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng tu\u1ea7n, X\u00e3 \u1ee7y: th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n l\u0129nh 2.500 \u0111 \u0110D; 349"]