["L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Vi\u1ec7t - Trung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c tung qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh r\u1ed9ng ra v\u00f9ng Trung du, l\u1eadp ra h\u00e0nh lang \u0110\u00f4ng - T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u1edbi Khu III, Khu IV, Khu V. T\u1ea1i Khu III, Ph\u00e1p I\u01281\u1edc r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c tinh ph\u00eda Nam s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh. \u1ede Khu rv, Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh lang B\u00ecnh - Tr\u1ecb - Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa Khu IV v\u00e0 Khu V. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, th\u00e1p canh v\u1edbi c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa Khu VII v\u00e0 Khu VIII \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9. Coi B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh n\u00ean Revers ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nam B\u1ed9 th\u00ec r\u00fat b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed xa c\u0103n c\u1ee9, kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, v\u0169 kh\u00ed trang b\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, th\u00e1p canh d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Nam B\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh khu v\u1ef1c an to\u00e0n, l\u00e0 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1949, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam vi\u1ec7n binh cho Nam B\u1ed9, bao g\u1ed3m 104 th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n, 1.194 l\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 372 s\u0129 quan, 1.067 h\u1ea1 s\u0129 quan, 6.793 binh l\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, 4.081 l\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, 3.871 l\u00ednh l\u00ea d\u01b0\u01a1ng; v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 gi\u00f3i c\u00f3 43 m\u00e1y hay, 15 xe t\u0103ng, 156 xe Jeep, 617 xe t\u1ea3i, 37 Bateau Dict1. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u1edd Khu VII t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 453 \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, th\u00e1p canh v\u1edbi 16.216 qu\u00e2n. Ri\u00eang khu v\u1ef1c S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn c\u00f3 516 \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, th\u00e1p canh v\u1edbi 10.017 qu\u00e2n. \u1ede Khu VIII c\u00f3 1.306 \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, th\u00e1p canh v\u1edbi 32.716 qu\u00e2n. \u1ede Khu IX c\u00f3 656 \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, th\u00e1p canh v\u1edbi 15.703 qu\u00e2n2. \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Ph\u00e1p l\u00f4i k\u00e9o B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, 1. C\u00f4ng v\u0103n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ec7n binh c\u00f9a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn Nam B\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng 5 - 6 - 7 - 8- 1949, s\u1ed1 1581 CT\/QS ng\u00e0y 17-11-1949 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00f4ng an v\u1ee5. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 1458. 2. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p 1945-1954, t\u1eadp I, Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1994, tr. 382. 400","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. mua chu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Cao \u0110\u00e0i, H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. C\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi Ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7n binh; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i tay sai, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n g\u1ed3m 5.000 l\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ednh \u00c2u - Phi t\u1eadp trung th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 phong tr\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u00f2ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta. Th\u00e1ng 9-1949, M. Carpentier thay H. Blaizot l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng1. Carpentier cho qu\u00e2n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp m\u1edd c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn, m\u00e1y bay, xe t\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 binh \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn, T\u00e2n An - M\u1ef9 Tho, R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1, \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi, Cao L\u00e3nh, v\u00f9ng B\u1ea3y N\u00fai thu\u1ed9c Nam B\u1ed9. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tinh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1ecdc theo tuy\u1ebfn ven bi\u1ec3n Nam Trung B\u1ed9, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u00f3, c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ta \u1ee9ong v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \\\"chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt th\u00e1p canh\\\" x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2ng ph\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch c\u1ee7a ta. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1950, s\u1ed1 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t, \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung B\u1ed9 bao g\u1ed3m: T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 93 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam - \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng c\u00f3 160 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u1ef1c Nam Trung B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 790 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m2. Trong th\u1eddi gian 1. M. Carpentier l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng chi huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 9-1949 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12-1950; \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng De Lattre de Tassigny \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed sang l\u00e0m Cao \u1ee7y ki\u00eam T\u1ed5ng chi huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. 2. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung B\u1ed9. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 187. 401","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00ednh \u00c2u - Phi ra chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9. N\u0103m 1950, t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u1ecf 3.925 l\u00ednh, \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Nam - \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng c\u00f3 8.593 l\u00ednh, \u1edf c\u1ef1c Nam Trung B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 16.973 l\u00ednh. N\u0103m 1949, l\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfm 50%, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 80%'. \u1ede T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c binh l\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 85% qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa \u1edd \u0111\u00e2y. \u1ede ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, Alessandri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi huy qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edd B\u1eafc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \\\"Khu h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc K\u1ef3\\\". T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra s\u1ee9c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 trung du B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tinh: Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng, S\u01a1n T\u00e2y, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean, B\u1eafc Ninh, H\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3ng... Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c, b\u1eaft b\u1edb thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh l\u00ednh \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t. Song song v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10-1949, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an ninh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t c\u0169ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd hom tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edd c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng Nh\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn. \u1ede B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 B\u1ed9 binh B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Forces Temestres Vietnam Nord) v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 (Zone op\u00e9rationelle du Tonkin). \u1ede Trung B\u1ed9 c\u1ecf B\u1ed9 binh Trung K\u1ef3 (Forces Temestres Centre Vietnam) v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n Trung K\u1ef3 (Zone op\u00e9rationnelle Centre Annam). Ngay \u1edd trong t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u1ede B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, Khu Ti\u00ean Y\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc (Zone \u00edronti\u00e8re Nord - Est) v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, nay thu\u1ed9c 1. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung B\u1ed9. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia in, ph\u00f4ng Phu Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 187. 402","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phutmg c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i (Zone Coti\u00e8re) v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Khu B\u1eafc - B\u1eafc, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 (Zone op\u00e9rationnelle Delta Nord) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Khu Ph\u00e1t Di\u1ec7m, B\u00f9i Chu thu\u1ed9c Khu Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u1ede Trung B\u1ed9, Khu Ba Ng\u00f2i \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Ti\u1ec3u khu (s\/Secteur) Ba Ng\u00f2i. \u1ede Nam B\u1ed9, Khu r\u1eebng cao su (Secteur Caout Choutier) s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Qu\u00e2n khu Th\u1ee7 D\u1ea7u M\u1ed9t v\u00e0 Khu Cap Saint Jacques th\u00e0nh Ti\u1ec3u khu (s\/ Secteur) Cap Saint Jacques. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng Nh\u00ec nh\u1eb1m t\u1eadp trung d\u00f2 x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ta; s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a ta qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t - Trung; c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9a ta t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean khu Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc; c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ta \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i; ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ta tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 1, s\u1ed1 3, s\u1ed1 6, s\u1ed1 13, s\u1ed1 9..., trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a ta v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a An ninh Li\u00ean bang (S\u00e9curit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12- 1949. T\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n giao An ninh Li\u00ean bang (S\u00e9curit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale) cho b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 giao Qu\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edd S\u00e0i G\u00f2n cho Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u00ean C\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. \u1ede Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, An ninh Li\u00ean hang (S\u00e9curit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9ra1e) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean cho an ninh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ec gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp An ninh Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i (S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Arm\u00e9e) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ph\u00f2ng Nh\u00ec. \u1ede H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, An ninh Li\u00ean bang (S\u00e9curit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale) \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sainte Marie \u1edf ph\u1ed1 Rollandes (nay l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1edf \u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ednh \u1edf ph\u1ed1 Tr\u00e0ng Thi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp An ninh H\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i (S\u00e9curit\u00e9 d'Outre-Mer). Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t g\u1eaft gao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 403","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i xung phong ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi binh l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ta. \u1ede H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i Commandos, \u1edd Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed9i c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t B.M.S. (Brigade Mobile Sp\u00e9ciale); ch\u00fang c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nhu H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n. Nh\u00ecn chung, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a An ninh Li\u00ean bang (S\u00e9curit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale) \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ta. v \u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c an ninh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 S\u1edf B\u1ea3o an do Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e1i l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 S\u1edf C\u1ea3nh binh do B\u00f9i V\u0103n C\u1eedu v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u00ecnh An ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. \u1ede Trung B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 Nha An ninh c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t do Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n M\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. \u1ede Nam B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 C\u1ee5c T\u00ecnh b\u00e1o, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1eeb\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u1ea3 B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, Trung B\u1ed9, Nam B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 Nha C\u00f4ng an Vi\u1ec7t Nam do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c. \u1ede B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 Nha C\u00f4ng an v\u00e0 C\u1ea3nh binh do N guy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e1i l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c. \u1ede Trung B \u1ed9 c\u00f3 Nha An ninh v\u00e0 C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t do Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n M\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c. \u1ede Nam B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 S\u1edf C\u00f4ng an Nam Vi\u1ec7t, v \u1ec1 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh. Ri\u00eang B\u1ea3o an B\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n trong th\u00e1ng 12-1949 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi th\u00eam 360.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ea3 n\u0103m 1949 l\u00e0 3.154.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 n\u0103m 1950 l\u00e0 39.101.375 \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u1ea1i Trung B\u1ed9, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1950 xin t\u0103ng th\u00eam 10.387.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng so v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1949 l\u00e0 26.113.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng; s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u. Ri\u00eang H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949 c\u00f3 1.600 c\u1ea3nh binh. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean an ninh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t1. 1. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nha C\u00f4ng an t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10-1949 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 3-1950. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 921. 404","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. Nh\u00ecn chung, nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u0169ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u1ed3n d\u00e2n, d\u1ed3n l\u00faa b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, th\u00e1p canh trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng chi\u1ebfm nh\u1ecf \u1edf c\u00e1c tinh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y cho ta kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 g\u1eaft gao c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. 2. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\\\", \\\"l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn tranh nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\" c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p 2.1. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc Thu - \u0110\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947, \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: So s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch b\u01b0\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ta, kh\u1ea3 n&ng kh\u00e1ng chicn c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng th\u00eam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1edbn th\u00ec s\u1ee9c ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh: L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ta c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu, trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f2n \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u1edd th\u1ebf b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ta trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u00edt, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i ta b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1eadt ra v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t. v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, tuy ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn Nam B\u1ed9, d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n Trung B\u1ed9, v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n xung y\u1ebfu \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh\\\" c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i\\\" v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi 405","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\\\", \\\"l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn tranh nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\". Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat do qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao trong n\u0103m 1947 v\u00e0 trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7n binh m\u1edbi t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p sang kh\u00f4ng b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 7.000 binh l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1947 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1948. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y 15, 16, 17-1-1948 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"Tuy l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7, tuy ch\u00fang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01a1 v\u00e9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u b\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh ta nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u00e1c li\u1ec7t hom nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do tung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi n\u1ed5\\\"1. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ec r\u00f5 \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00e0: \\\"Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc... Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i hom \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i t\u1ec1, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng an d\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111em B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00e2n binh cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3, thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\\\"\\\"2. Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ta m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu \u0111i, so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ta, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p ph\u1ea1m vi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn \u1eebanh du k\u00edch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ta, bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9: 1948, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2002, tr. 21. 2. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9: 1948, Nxb. Chinh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2002, tr. 21,22. 406","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phuxmg c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. c\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3; ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ta tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 s\u01a1 h\u1edd, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u00e2m m\u01b0u th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdp t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 15 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 17-1-1948 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t B\u0103c, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi cho to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. Ngu\u1ed3n: B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0169 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb gian, ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn, v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, b\u00e0ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta. 407","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng) h\u1ecdp th\u00e1ng 4-1948 \u0111\u00e3 chi r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i ren v\u00e0 tan r\u00e3 h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbch, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ta. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea5u tranh trong v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00e0: Ch\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, ch\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft l\u00ednh, b\u1eaft phu, ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1. Khi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt v\u0169 trang th\u00ec n\u00ean ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \\\"\u0110\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh \u1edf h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecbch, n\u1ebfu ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edd. G\u00e2y c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3. C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phong tr\u00e0o du k\u00edch \u1edf d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn. C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n du k\u00edch v\u00f9ng qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung B\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp gi\u00fap du k\u00edch tr\u1edd n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, khu chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 r\u00fat lui, t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. G\u00e2y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch. D\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch tham gia sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 cung. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0169 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \\\"ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch, chinh ph\u1ee5c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1, g\u00e2y c\u01a1 s\u1edf ngay \u1edf h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n du k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\"2. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trung th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9: 1948. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr. 96, 97. 2. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9: 1948. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr. 98. 408","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phutmg c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ea7n b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00e1m d\u00e2n \\\"D\u00f9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, chi b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111 \u1ed9 ng... C\u00e1c Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh huy\u1ec7n, tinh c\u0169ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o\\\"1. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch, bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra th\u1eadt s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 th\u00f9 \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f9a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. 2.2. Bi\u1ec3n h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ta, l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\\\", \\\"l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn tranh nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfn tranh\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p a. P h\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0169 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c \u0111 \u1ea1 i \u0111 \u1ed9 i \u0111 \u1ed9 c l\u1eadp ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng sau lung \u0111\u1ecbch, ph \u00e1 t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch Trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ecbch ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c v\u00e2y b\u1eaft c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, du k\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c gi\u00e0nh d\u00e2n. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, du k\u00edch b\u1ecb b\u1eadt ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m im kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u00e9n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n Ih\u00e1l kh\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u00e8. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chi \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1948, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u0169 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Li\u00ean khu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0169 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9: 1948. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr. 115. 409","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u00e1m d\u00e2n, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch \u1edf v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ra s\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0169 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng gian kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea5y g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, hang \u0111\u00e1, b\u1edd ao l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, l\u1ea5y rau r\u1eebng, c\u1ee7 s\u1eafn thay c\u01a1m, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 nguy hi\u1ec3m, b\u1ec1n bi b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n, t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u00e0y 6-3-1948, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, trung \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00f5 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ban xung phong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch, ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu th\u1eadp tin t\u1ee9c, tr\u1ecb an, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c giao th\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0169 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch \u1edd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb gian, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch; v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3n t\u00e1n c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1, ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n hai m\u1eb7t; \u1edd nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ta t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1eadp trung, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n l\u00ean v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1eadp trung\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1948 v\u00e0 \u1eeb\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta. Trong b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n nh\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb Li\u00ean khu V tr\u1edf ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n 410","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9i, trung \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9i xung phong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y c\u01a1 s\u1edf. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 phong tr\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn. Ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u1ee9ng chi\u1ebfn, l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a cho \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n gian kh\u1ed5, nguy hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00eam l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0nh \u0111ai \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4n x\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft m\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u0169, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c du k\u00edch b\u00ed m\u1eadt, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Tr\u00ean \\\"kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 r\u1eebng n\u00fai, nhi\u1ec1u chi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1m l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0169 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng\\\"1. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 s\u1edf, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c du k\u00edch b\u00ed m\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, du k\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia b\u1ecb b\u1eadt kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u0169 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1948, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng trung \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00fa l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9, c\u00e1c trung \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c trong to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ban chi huy trung \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp: \\\"T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 103 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng tranh ch\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, hai ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1c Khu, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\\\"2. 1. Ban Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, L\u1ecbch s\u1eeb Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp I, Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1994, tr. 256. 2. \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, Chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e2y (h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c), Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n - Nxb. Thanh ni\u00ean, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1995, tr. 232. 411","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng: \u0111\u01b0a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch, bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n phu\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ta, trong n\u0103m 1948, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn lu\u1ee3c, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, quy m\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y tay sai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, l\u00e0m cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Chi trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf h\u00e0u kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, phong tr\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed5 du k\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9i, trung \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng, ven c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1948 \\\"t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch t\u1eeb Tr\u1ecb - Thi\u00ean tr\u1edd ra l\u00ean t\u1edbi 1.220.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 73.000 du k\u00edch (2.500 du k\u00edch b\u00ed m\u1eadt, 6.000 n\u1eef du k\u00edch, 9.000 l\u00e3o du k\u00edch)\\\"1. Sang n\u0103m 1949, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i xung phong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, v\u0169 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, phong tr\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3n, di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. \u1ede kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cao, t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u00e9, k\u00ecm k\u1ecdp, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng thu th\u00f3c, ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111i phu, \u0111i l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1, tr\u1eeb gian, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng binh l\u00ednh b\u1ecf h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ecbch, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh bao v\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch, qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang m\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam lo s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t d\u00e2ng cao. \u1ede c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 1. Ban Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, L\u1ecbch s\u00f9 Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn..., tr. 257, 258. 412","Ch\u01b0cmg V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh, tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh, v\u1ea1ch m\u1eb7t, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \\\"h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng an d\u00e2n\\\", \\\"h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh\\\" l\u00e0m tay sai cho Ph\u00e1p; cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u1edd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, ta n\u01a1i c\u00f2n b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng, hay tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tay sai gian \u00e1c. b. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111au, khu du k\u00edch, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1948-1950, chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng huy\u1ec7n, tinh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ed7 \u1eef\u1ee3 cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, du k\u00edch b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n, trung \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1c Khu, Li\u00ean khu li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111ang v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 \u1eeb\u1ee3 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng phong ph\u00fa, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u1eebi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c khu du k\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. Th\u00f2i k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u khu \u0111u k\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Lang T\u00e0i (B\u1eafc Ninh), Kinh M\u00f4n (H\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3ng), M\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed1, Kim N\u1ed9i, B\u1ea3n K\u00e9t, M\u01b0\u1eddng Lung (T\u00e2y B\u1eafc), C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a (H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng), Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh), Ch\u1ee3 C\u1ea1n (Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb), \u00d4 R\u00f4, H\u00f2n \u0110\u00e1 (B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn), B\u00e1c \u00c1i (Ninh Thu\u1eadn), R\u1eebng S\u00e1c, Xuy\u00ean M\u1ed9c, H\u00e1t D\u1ecbch (B\u00e0 R\u1ecba), Chi\u1ebfn khu \u0110, Chi\u1ebfn khu D\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh Ch\u00e2u, \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi, u Minh (Nam B\u1ed9)1.... \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng tinh, t\u1eebng huy\u1ec7n, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa 1. Ban Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp I, Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1994, tr. 260. 413","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n ra c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh. \u1ede nh\u1eefng khu du k\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. L\u00e0ng x\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, khu du k\u00edch, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch tuy c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. Qua th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, t\u1eeb l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f2n s\u01a1 s\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111om thu\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00fac \u0111\u00e0u, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n, thu h\u00fat \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang tham gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0o h\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eafp l\u0169y, \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m b\u00ed m\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eafp \u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m v\u1eadt c\u00e0n, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i khi ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ebfn, th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 0 t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn, h\u1ea7m b\u00ed m\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng h\u00e0o n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fac chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng canh g\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e0 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng chi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang ng\u00f5 t\u1eaft b\u1ecb r\u00e0o k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eeb xa, gi\u00fap cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u01a1 t\u00e1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n khi c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee5m l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u li\u00ean ho\u00e0n. Phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. \\\"\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1948, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n Li\u00ean khu III c\u00f3 480 l\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn... D\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean canh g\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn\\\"1. \u0110\u00e3 c\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0ng 1. Qu\u00e2n khu III, nh\u0169ng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p 1945-1954, Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1991, t\u1eadp 1, tr. 186. 414","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 V\u1eadt L\u1ea1i (S\u01a1n T\u00e2y), H\u00f9ng Th\u1eafng (Ki\u1ebfn An), Thanh Mai, Tam H\u01b0ng (H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng), Li\u00ean Minh (Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh), C\u1ef1 Nam, C\u1ea3nh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh), Chi L\u0103ng (L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n), Xi-t\u01a1 (T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean), Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ho\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7u (Qu\u1ea3ng Nam). Trong th\u00e1ng 11-1948 ri\u00eang \\\"tinh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 105 l\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 10 l\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3u m \u1eabu... \u1ee1 ba tinh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, S\u01a1n T\u00e2y, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 978.818 m\u00e9t h\u00e0o giao th\u00f4ng, 1.835 h\u1ea7m b\u00ed m\u1eadt, 5.650 h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n, 5.085 h\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, 1.979 \u1ed5 t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn, 13 \u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00f4i, 4.050 m\u00e9t l\u0169y \u0111\u1ea5t, 15.060 \u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5t, 588 c\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn, 234 c\u1ed5ng b\u00e9, 8.350km r\u00e0o, 180km con ch\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00ea\\\"1. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949, phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00fd ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t v\u00e0o khu du k\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch, s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi h\u01a1n ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 trong hai n\u0103m 1948-1949. Khi ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111a v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ea7m h\u00e0o chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, d\u00f9ng l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n, ch\u00f4ng, m\u00ecn, s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1o m\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch, g\u00e2y cho ch\u00fang thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch Xi-t\u01a1 (T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean) c\u1ee7a anh h\u00f9ng N\u00fap, \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch Cao Pha (T\u00e2y B\u1eafc), \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch L\u00ea L\u1ee3i 1. V\u0169 Quang Hi\u1ec3n, \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 (1946-1954), Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2001, tr. 92. 415","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 (\u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc), \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong (B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean), \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch Kim Th\u00e0nh (H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng)... T\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1949 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1950, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta v\u1eeba anh d\u0169ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u li\u00ean ho\u00e0n, c\u00e1c khu du k\u00edch, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch. C\u00e1c l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u nh\u01b0: \u0110\u00ecnh B\u1ea3ng (B\u1eafc Ninh), Thi\u1ec7n Phi\u1ebfn (H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean), T\u00e1n Thu\u1eadt, Nguy\u00ean X\u00e1 (Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh), Ph\u1ee5ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (S\u01a1n T\u00e2y), \u0110\u00f4ng Mai (Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean). C\u00e1c khu chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u li\u00ean ho\u00e0n nh\u01b0: Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u1ee7, Ph\u1ea1m H\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1i, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o, Ngh\u0129a D\u0169ng, Phan T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, Ti\u00ean L\u1eef, Minh T\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f2a (H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean), Ti\u00ean - Duy\u00ean - H\u01b0ng (Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh). C\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch nh\u01b0: Lang T\u00e0i (B\u1eafc Ninh), Kinh M\u00f4n (H\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3ng), C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a (H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng), Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea7u - Th\u1ea7n Hu\u1ed1ng (Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh)~ Kh\u00e1nh Trung - Kh\u00e1nh TTii\u1ec7n (Ninh B\u00ecnh), H\u00f2a - H\u1eadu - Th\u1eafng (H\u00e0 Nam), Nam \u1ee9 ng H\u00f2a - Trung T\u00e2y Ph\u00fa Xuy\u00ean (Khu Ch\u00e1y, H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng nay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), Nam - Ng\u00e3i - B\u00ecnh (Khu V), Kon Tum, Gia Lai (T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean), T\u00e2n Uy\u00ean (Khu VII), Tr\u00e0 v\u1ed3ng - D\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh Ch\u00e2u (T\u00e2y Ninh), Thu\u1eadn An H\u00f2a (Th\u1ee7 D\u1ea7u M\u1ed9t), H\u00f3c M\u00f4n (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh), \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi (Khu VIII), u Minh (Khu IX). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3n hinh v\u1ec1 phong tr\u00e0o du k\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch, ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e0n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m. Trong c\u00e1c khu du k\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch, l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i, c\u0103n c\u1eed kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta \u1edf ngay trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecbch, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ta \\\"ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh, lui c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef\\\". L\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh ti\u00eau hao ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch, ch\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t binh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu du k\u00edch, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch sinh s\u00f4i, n\u1ea3y n\u1edf, bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ta; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n khai th\u00e1c s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 416","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. V\u1edbi l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i chi\u1ebfn tranh xen k\u1ebd, c\u00e0i r\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. c. Ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ecbch, x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f9a ta Ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5u tranh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho phong tr\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y 15, 16, 17-1-1948, Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng) nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"N\u01a1i n\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p s\u1eafp l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft g\u1ecdn b\u1ecdn l\u01b0u manh, b\u1ecdn nguy hi\u1ec3m di c\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng cho Ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 roi, ph\u1ea3i v\u00ecra d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t H\u1ed9i t\u1ec3, t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0169 kh\u00ed th\u00e2n binh, v\u1eeba d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng; ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1ecdn \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o b\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u1ecdn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m; ph\u00e1 H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ra nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u1eb7t m\u00e0 che \u0111\u1eady nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, d\u00f9ng m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y s\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbch gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbch, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 du k\u00edch, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn\\\"1. 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9: 1948, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2001, tr. 26. 417","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, chi di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1, tr\u1eeb gian c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, tranh th\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u1ecfa H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1. T\u1ea1i Li\u00ean khu I, s\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 theo Ph\u00e1p chi chi\u1ebfm 8%, s\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 ta chi huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfm 67%, s\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ta nh\u01b0ng ta ch\u01b0a chi huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfm 25%. T\u1ea1i Li\u00ean khu III, s\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 theo ta chi\u1ebfm 80% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y1. T\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd b\u00e1u nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t; \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u00ec ta ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f2a h\u1ea3o, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ban H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. N\u1eafm H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm b\u00ean tr\u00ean (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1eafm L\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ti\u00ean chi, Th\u1ee9 chi) v\u00e0 l\u00e8n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi (Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tu\u1ea7n, H\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u0169ng...). Do l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, n\u00ean chi trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fd c\u0169. C\u00f2n \u1edd nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c b\u00e1m gi\u1eef th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed cho l\u1eadp t\u1ec1, c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ta tham gia H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 tranh th\u1ee7 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ban t\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1948, phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. T\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh H\u00e0 N \u1ed9i, ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n 90% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 136 H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1. \u1ede B\u1eafc Ninh, trong tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 (t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 9-12 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 23-12), nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n 262 Ban t\u1ec1. \u1ede Th\u1ee7y Nguy\u00ean (H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng) trong \u0111\u00eam 25-10 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, du k\u00edch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ph\u00e1 hom 90% s\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 trong huy\u1ec7n, b\u1ee9c r\u00fat m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t. Ng\u00e0y 24-12, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n An D\u01b0\u01a1ng, An L\u00e3o, H\u1ea3i An, Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee5y, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ed3 S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 1. T\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u00fa b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn 1948-1952. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u00f9 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 960. 418","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phutmg c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. ph\u00e1 458 Ban t\u1ec1, tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb 72 t\u00ean tay sai ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 6-10- 1948 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 6-1-1949 t\u1ea1i 9 tinh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i \u0110\u00f4ng, S\u01a1n T\u00e2y, H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean, Ki\u1ebfn An, H\u00e0 Nam, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 631 Ban t\u1ec1, b\u1eaft gi\u1eef 1.429 t\u00ean, di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 64 t\u00ean tay sai gian \u00e1c1. T\u1ea1i Li\u00ean khu IV, Li\u00ean khu V v\u00e0 Nam B\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ph\u00e1 k\u00ecm, di\u1ec7t \u00e1c, ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00ed th\u1ebf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f9a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y T\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945. \u1ede B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (8-1948), nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n 80% H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00f4n, x\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ra \u0111\u1eddi. Trong \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1948) c\u00f3 95% H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edd c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e0, \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tinh Kon Tum, Gia Lai, \u0110\u1eafk L\u1eafk n\u0103m 1947 chi c\u00f3 400 l\u00e0ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1948 \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 771 l\u00e0ng (trong \u0111\u00f3 Kom Tum c\u00f3 219 l\u00e0ng, Gia Lai c\u00f3 397 l\u00e0ng, \u0110\u1eafk L\u1eafk c\u00f3 155 l\u00e0ng)2. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 8-1949, \u1edd B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n 698 trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 710 H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1, b\u1ecdn tay sai b\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean \u00e1c \u00f4n b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n binh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111ir\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u00f3m v\u00e0 \u1edd ba tinh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e33. 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p 1945-1954, t\u1eadp I, Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1994, tr. 375. 2. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f9a \u1ee7y ban Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung B\u1ed9 (Li\u00ean khu V) v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1949. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 tu\u00f3mg, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 183. 3. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eeb Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn chong th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u00f9a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n Li\u00ean khu IV (1945-1954), Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2003, tr. 205, 223. 419","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung B\u1ed9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Trong th\u00e1ng 2-1949, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tinh B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t 361 Ban t\u1ec1. \u1ede Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, \u0111\u00eam 4-4-1949, ta t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m th\u1ecb x\u00e3 H\u1ed9i An, b\u1eaft t\u00ean tinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn H\u1ed3 Ng\u00e2n, l\u00e0m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn tinh. \u0110\u00eam 19-8, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng Nam ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 to\u00e0n tinh, di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1eaft 1.000 t\u00ean t\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7p, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. \u1ede Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7- 1949 \u1eeb\u1edd \u0111i, ta t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100 th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 150 th\u00f4n. Trong s\u1ed1 300 x\u00e3 \u1edf B\u1eafc Qu\u1ea3ng Nam chi c\u00f2n 56 x\u00e3 c\u00f2n Ban t\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c Ban t\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m ngay trong \u0111\u1ed3n l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. Song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb gian, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00f2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbch c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u00faa v\u00e0 d\u1ed3n l\u00e0ng. \u1ede Nam B\u1ed9, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edd th\u00f4n \u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1949, trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 1.024 x\u00e3 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n Nam B\u1ed9, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 693 x\u00e31. Trong n\u0103m 1950, h\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng t\u1ed5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\\\", nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean, Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, H\u00e0 Nam, Ninh B\u00ecnh... \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c Ban, H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u00e3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u00ea li\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tay sai c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf th\u00f4n x\u00e3 \u1ee9ong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. Nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t hoang mang, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 t\u1ecf ra b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng tr\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thu h\u1eb9p ph\u1ea1m vi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edd ngay trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecbch. 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p 1945-1954, t\u1eadp I. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr. 376. 420","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn. \\\"T\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng sau lung \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eadp trung th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u0169i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\\\" c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch\\\"1. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1, ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gay go, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ecbch ph\u00e1, ta x\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1, ta l\u1ea1i x\u00e2y. H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u1ea5y c\u1ee9 l\u1eb7p \u0111i, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy lu\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ecbch, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta trong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. d. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang trong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m chi\u00eam \u0111\u00f3ng Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u trong v\u00f9ng sau l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u1edf ngay t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, c\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh, ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh. C\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1, tr\u1eeb gian, t\u1eadp k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c kho t\u00e0ng, b\u1ebfn b\u00e3i, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn, \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00f2i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh di\u1ec5n ra ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. 1. Ban Ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1996, tr. 127. 421","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 N\u0103m 1948, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1eef\u1ee3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chi b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u00e3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 MIC \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 MITAC, BASTOS, COFAT \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng \u00f4t\u00f4 SCAMA, Ford v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa FACI, CARIC c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f2i t\u1ef1 do nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u00e3ng bia \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n Ch\u1ee3 Qu\u00e1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn h\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 1-5 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y sinh nh\u1eadt B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 19-5, t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0: treo c\u1edd, r\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n \u0111om, c\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef, d\u00e1n \u1ea3nh B\u00e1c Ho... \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1949, nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y 24-4-1949, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn t\u1ed5ng b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng, b\u00e3i th\u1ecb trong 2 gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n, g\u1ea7n 100 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Auriol - B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eef h\u1ecdc Gia Long, tr\u01b0\u1edfng P\u00e9trus - K\u00fd bai kh\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn l\u1eb7ng hoa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n v\u0103n ch\u00fac m\u1eebng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i khi \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n d\u00e1n kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"X\u1eed t\u1eed V\u0129nh Th\u1ee5y\\\", \\\"V\u0129nh Th\u1ee5y c\u00fat kh\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng\\\". Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng K\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00ea B\u00e1 Khai, tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Khu\u00ea, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a. T\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ng\u00e0y 16-7-1949, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kh\u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1 m\u00edt tinh \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \u1edf Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y 19-8-1949, \u0110o\u00e0n h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m. 422","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00e2ng cao. Ng\u00e0y 23-11, nh\u00e2n k\u00fd ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y Nam K\u1ef3 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng P\u00e9trus-K\u00fd b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a, \u0111\u00f2i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea3 12 h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ecb b\u1eaft. Ng\u00e0y 20-11, cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a lan sang tr\u01b0\u1eddng Gia Long r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lan m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00ea B\u00e1 Cang, tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Khu\u00ea, tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hu\u1ef3nh Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng Ninh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chasseloup Laubat, tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf M\u1ef9 Tho, C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a, ch\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tham gia \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. H\u01a1n 4.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, h\u00e3ng Cyclo, Sit, S\u00e9gi, MIC, BGI... \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean. T\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 25-11 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 7-12-1949. Cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u1ed5 ra \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chu V\u0103n An \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft b\u1edb h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ecb b\u1eaft. Sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 lan tr\u00e0n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, D\u0169ng L\u1ea1c, K\u1ef9 Ngh\u1ec7, Albert Sarraut, V\u0103n Lang, Tr\u00ed Tri v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y - D\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a thu h\u00fat 3.500 h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean tham gia. T\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 treo c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf sao v\u00e0ng, r\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n S\u1edf xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u00e3ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u Fontaine, h\u00e3ng bia Hommel \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1950, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u \u1eefanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00e2ng cao. Ng\u00e0y 9-1, kho\u1ea3ng 2.000 423","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng P\u00e9trus-K\u00fd, Gia Long, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Khu\u00ea, Hu\u1ef3nh Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng Ninh, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y - D\u01b0\u1ee3c, Ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p V\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n, C\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 7.000 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh cho h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f2i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft. Ng\u00e0y 9-1-1950 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e1m tang h\u1ecdc sinh Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u01a1 n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh th\u1ecb uy c\u1ee7a 50.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn v\u00e0 k\u00e9o th\u00eam 10 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e8 ph\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh. Trong th\u00e1ng 1-1950 c\u00f3 22 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean, l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y 14-1-1950 l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. H\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean mi\u1ec1n Nam, ng\u00e0y 16-1-1950, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i tung truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n, d\u00e1n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf ra v\u1ec1. Ng\u00e0y 20-1, h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 truy di\u1ed9u Tr\u1ea7n van \u01a1 n. Bu\u1ed5i L\u1ec5 truy \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat h\u01a1n 1 v\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham gia \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Qu\u00e1n S\u1ee9. Thanh ni\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u00e0n s\u00e1t h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 truy \u0111i\u1ec7u Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u01a1n. Thanh ni\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh ph\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. Th\u00e1ng 2-1950, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 9-1 l\u00e0m Ng\u00e0y h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb khi M\u1ef9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn (7-2- 1950), nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u00e1ng 3-1950, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 M\u1ef9 Griffin trong Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. \u0110\u00eam 17-3, hai t\u00e0u di\u1ec7t ng\u01b0 l\u00f4i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 Stikel v\u00e0 Anderson c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn 424","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu phtr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. M\u1ed9t t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay ch\u1edf 70 m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng neo \u0111\u1eadu ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, h\u00f2ng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn tay sai. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, ng\u00e0y 19-3-1950, h\u01a1n 300.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. Ng\u00e0y 20-3, hai t\u00e0u M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ed5 neo r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y 19-3-1950 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tinh th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. Ng\u00e0y 19-3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ng\u00e0y to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c chong M\u1ef9. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n m\u00edt tinh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 19-3-1950 Anh: L\u01b0u tr\u1eef B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Cao tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00e2ng cao. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng, b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ea3m gi\u1edd l\u00e0m di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c S\u1edf H\u1ecfa xa, C\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, \u0110\u00f4 ch\u00ednh. H\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u bu\u00f4n 425","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed t\u1ea1m ng\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, xe c\u1ed9 ng\u1eebng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh. T\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 4-1950, \u0110o\u00e0n h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. Thanh ni\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1ed3i s\u1ecd, ru ng\u1ee7 thanh ni\u00ean, \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00ec ngay vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u00f3a khi\u00eau d\u00e2m c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho thu\u1ea7n phong m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a th\u00e1ng 7-1950 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau cao kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"Ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2m \u00f4 tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c\\\"; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o l\u00e0m b\u00e1o, l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ca v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 ca kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o thanh ni\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edd ngay t\u1ea1i s\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, l\u00e0m cho th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i lo s\u1ee3, l\u00fang t\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam ni\u1ec1m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi. * ** Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc Thu - \u0110\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1eeb \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh\\\" sang \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i\\\" r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\\\", \\\"l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn tranh nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\". Trong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, 426","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. Bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch.. m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m quay v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, binh \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch quy m\u00f4 v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf l\u00fang t\u00fang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2ng d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n tay sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u00f9a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tay sai li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee5c, c\u1eafn x\u00e9 l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i; c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, c\u00f4ng k\u00edch l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n tay sai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p r\u00f3t cho \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf n\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1n, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u hom xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, thu ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ed9t Nam. Trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00fang t\u00fang, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch, bi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ta trong kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch, di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3n, qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t c\u00f9a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n xung phong v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb gian di\u1ec7t \u00e1c, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng 427","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Do nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p chi c\u00f2n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1, quay v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t l\u1edbn \u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 \u00e2m m\u01b0u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng phong t\u1ecfa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i - H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng - L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \\\"X\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tay sai \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. B\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn trong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c M \u1ef9, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng toan t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 - Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u00ea c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta. 428","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI VI\u1ec6T NAM D\u00c2N CH\u1ee6 C\u1ed8NG H\u00d2A X\u00c2Y D\u1ef1NG V\u00c0 C\u1ee6NG C\u00d3 H\u1eacU PH\u01af\u01a0NG, \u0110\u1ea8Y M\u1ea0NH KH\u00c1NG CHI\u00c9N TO\u00c0N D\u00c2N, TO\u00c0N DI\u1ec6N (1948-1950) I. X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG CH\u00cdNH QUY\u1ec0N NH\u00c2N D\u00c2N, C\u1ee6NG C\u00d3 V\u00c0 M\u1ede R\u1ed8NG M\u1eb6T TR\u1eacN D\u00c2N T \u1ed9c TH\u00d3NG NH\u00c1T 1. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n 1.1. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1948, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\\\" c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p; ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn tay sai; ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ta t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng) h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y 15, 16, 17-1-1948 ch\u00ec r\u00f5: \\\"C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 cao danh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. Mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed5ng cho d\u00e2n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\\\". \\\"Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u00eam h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh khu, t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n, x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n. B\u1ea3y Khu B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ba Khu v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c Khu, c\u00e1c \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u00eam h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c Khu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5n ch\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i. Tr\u1eeb Nam B\u1ed9 ra, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u1ee7 y ban 429","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ri\u00eang, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c K\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau \u1ee7 y ban h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh K\u1ef3...\\\"1. Do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, t\u1eadp trung, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, n\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 giao quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp trung cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. V\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p, Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00f3 Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd t\u00f9y theo n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1eebong kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \\\"n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\\\"2. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eefa Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, g\u00f3p \u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n, ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1947, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n s\u0129, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh m\u1eddi gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gh\u1ebf trong Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7: \u00f4ng Phan Anh gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1ebf, \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Minh Gi\u00e1m gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao, \u00f4ng T\u1ea1 Quang B\u1eedu gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Sau khi c\u1ee5 Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng qua \u0111\u1eddi 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9: 1948, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2001, tr. 33 - 34. 2. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1946-1960, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2000, tr. 117. 430","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI. Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.. (11-1947), Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi c\u1ee5 T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Phan Ke To\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y 27-5-1948, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp phi\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0: \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ea1ch r\u1ed7 \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u00e1p; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy ch\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi thay ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p, giao cho B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, B\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thang l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c; ra s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ban Thi \u0111ua to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1948, c\u1ee5 B\u00f9i B\u1eb1ng \u0110o\u00e0n b\u1ecb \u1ed1m n\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1eed c\u1ee5 T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng gi\u1eef tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch Quy\u1ec1n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00e0y 18- 6-1949, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u00fd s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 72\/SL l\u1eadp ra H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Tu lu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i do B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb trong Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i tham gia v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Tu lu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m: c\u1ee5 Ph\u1ea1m B\u00e1 Tr\u1ef1c, b\u00e0 L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Xuy\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Tu lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Tu lu\u1eadt, ng\u00e0y 18-12-1949, Ban Thanh \u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ed9l \u0111\u01b0\u1ef1c bai b\u1ecf (theo s\u00e1c l\u1ed9iili s\u1ed5 138\/SL) v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ban Thanh tra Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7; thanh tra c\u00e1c \u1ee7y vi\u00ean \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n li\u00eam khi\u1ebft; thanh tra s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1ng 9- 1949, Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Nam Trung B\u1ed9 do \u00f4ng L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e1m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ra b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 431","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; th\u00e1ng 10-1949 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Nam B\u1ed9, do \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Ph\u1ea1m H\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, ra b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u01b0: ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, th\u0103m h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, thu th\u1eadp nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y 30-9-1949, V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Ph\u1ee7 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, l\u1ea5y b\u00ed danh l\u00e0 \\\"Ban ki\u1ec3m tra 12\\\", nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 2 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n chinh b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, ng\u00e0y 14-10-1949, Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch ph\u1ee7 ra Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 909\/NV-CT quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: C\u00e1c B\u1ed9, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 Li\u00ean khu ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 n\u00e0o l\u00ean B\u1ed9 \u1ea5 y '. Gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft. L\u00e0m tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t cho quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tham gia v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00e3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ta. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 vai \u1ee9\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ea3ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng. Qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n 1. Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c C\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, s\u1ed1 10 n\u0103m 1949. 432","Ch\u01b0omg VI. Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.. nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. 1.2. X\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00e0y 1-1-1948, \u1edd khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u1eed y ban h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Trung B\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1 KCMN\/TB th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ph\u00e2n ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean thay th\u1ebf \u1ee7 y ban chi huy T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m giao t\u00ecnh L\u00e2m Vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho Ph\u00e2n ban c\u1ef1c Nam Trung B\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n1. Nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft, nhi\u1ec1u Khu kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau, ng\u00e0y 25-1-1948, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ra s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 120\/SL th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c Li\u00ean khu. C\u00e1c Li\u00ean khu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp do Li\u00ean khu \u1ee7y v\u00e0 \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Li\u00ean khu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi \u0111\u1ea1o thay Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c Li\u00ean khu: I, III, X, IV, V; c\u00e1c \u00ecbiu VII, VIII, IX v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb7c khu S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: Khu 1 v\u00e0 Khu 12 th\u00e0nh Li\u00ean khu I do \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Nguy\u1ec5n Khang l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Chu V\u0103n T\u1ea5n l\u00e0 Li\u00ean khu tr\u01b0\u1edfng; Khu 2, Khu 3, Khu 11 th\u00e0nh Li\u00ean khu III do \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u00e2n l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Ho\u00e0ng S\u00e2m l\u00e0 Li\u00ean khu tr\u01b0\u1eddng; Khu 12, Khu 14 th\u00e0nh Li\u00ean khu X do \u0111\u00f2ng chl B\u00f9i Quang T\u1ea1o l\u00e0 Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch, d\u00f2ng ch\u00ed V\u0169 Hi\u00ean l\u00e0 Li\u00ean khu tr\u01b0\u1edfng; Khu 4 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n khu B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean th\u00e0nh Li\u00ean khu IV do \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed H\u1ed3 T\u00f9ng M\u1eadu l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch. Ng\u00e0y 20- 10-1948 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Li\u00ean khu V \u1eef\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t Khu 5, Khu 6 v\u00e0 Khu 15; Khu VII, Khu VIII, Khu IX v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb7c khu S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn th\u00e0nh \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Nam B\u1ed9; \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung B\u1ed9. 1. Bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u0169 th\u00e1ng 1-1948. Trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia m , ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 AI Q04b H01. 433","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Ng\u00e0y 25-3-1948, c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7, ch\u00e2u, qu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 148\/SL. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean x\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 149\/SL quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf t\u1eeb \\\"ki\u00eam\\\" trong \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u00eam h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. C\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y 25-3-1948, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f2n ra s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 150\/SL quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 151\/SL quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p x\u00e3, huy\u1ec7n, tinh, Li\u00ean khu. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 20-8-1948, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i ra s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh 211\/SL \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch chi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u1ee7y vi\u00ean trong \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e3, huy\u1ec7n, tinh trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm. Nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, n\u0103m 1948, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Ng\u00e0y 22-8, huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ee7y Nguy\u00ean (Ki\u1ebfn An), huy\u1ec7n N am S\u00e1ch (H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng) t\u1eeb Li\u00ean khu I chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 Li\u00ean khu III (theo s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh 237\/SL). Ng\u00e0y 23-10-1948, \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam ra Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 41\/QSMNTB th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ph\u00e2n khu T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Khu 15 c\u0169. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 28-11-1948, huy\u1ec7n Gia L\u00e2m c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ee5y thu\u1ed9c tinh B\u1eafc Ninh, Li\u00ean khu I, nay thu\u1ed9c tinh H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean (theo S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 263\/SL). Ng\u00e0y 16-12-1948, khu H\u1ed3ng Gai t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi tinh Qu\u1ea3ng H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1eb7c khu H\u1ed3ng Gai thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean khu I. Tinh H\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3ng nay l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u00ean c\u0169 l\u00e0 tinh Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 12-3, huy\u1ec7n Kinh M\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng (theo s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh 13\/SL). Ng\u00e0y 11-5-1949, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00fd s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 37\/SL \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00e0y 14-5-1949, s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp huy\u1ec7n L\u1ea5p V\u00f2 v\u00e0o tinh Sa \u0110\u00e9c. Huy\u1ec7n L\u1ed9c B\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi tinh H\u1ea3i Ninh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 7-6 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o tinh L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n (theo s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh 48\/SL). Ng\u00e0y 15-6-1949, 434","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI. Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.. gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n huy\u1ec7n Kim S\u01a1n thu\u1ed9c tinh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. Ng\u00e0y 19-7, \u0111\u1eb7t khu H\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ri\u00eang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 5-10 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1ch huy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 ra kh\u1ecfi tinh Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0110\u1eb7c khu H\u1ed3ng Gai. Ng\u00e0y 4-11-1949, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ra S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 127\/SL h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t Li\u00ean khu \/ v\u00e0 Li\u00ean khu X th\u00e0nh Li\u00ean khu Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, l\u1eadp \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh khu Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. Li\u00ean khu Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc g\u1ed3m 18 tinh (Cao B\u1eb1ng, B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, H\u00e0 Giang, Tuy\u00ean Quang, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, L\u00e0o Cai, Lai Ch\u00e2u, S\u01a1n La, H\u1ea3i Ninh, H\u1ed3ng Gai, Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean, B\u1eafc Giang, B\u1eafc Ninh, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, V\u0129nh Y\u00ean, Ph\u00fac Y\u00ean). Ng\u00e0y 7-11-1949, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ra S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 131\/SL s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp hai huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ee7y Nguy\u00ean, Kinh M\u00f4n v\u00e0o tinh Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 huy\u1ec7n Gia L\u00e2m c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ee5y v\u1ec1 tinh B\u1eafc Ninh. Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y 12-2-1950, t\u00ecnh V\u0129nh Y\u00ean v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac Y\u00ean h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh VTnh Ph\u00fac. Ng\u00e0y 15-4, tinh Gia Lai v\u00e0 tinh Kon Tum h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh Gia Lai - Kon Tum (theo s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 31\/SL). Ng\u00e0y 9-8, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea3 huy\u1ec7n Mai \u0110\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean khu Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u1ec9nh H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean khu III (theo s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 131\/SL). Ng\u00e0y 30-10, tinh H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 tinh Long Ch\u00e2u h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh tinh Long Ch\u00e2u H\u00e0. Trong n\u0103m 1950, c\u00e1c x\u00e3 trong c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n Duy Xuy\u00ean, Th\u0103ng B\u00ecnh, H\u00f2a Vang (Qu\u00e0ng Nam) c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c x\u00e3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh, ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 254\/SL v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m ho\u00e3n trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn do chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1948 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1edd l\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e3 v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tinh kh\u00f3a II (1948-1949) 435","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbch t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i (d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y bay th\u1ea3 bom, b\u1eafn ph\u00e1o v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi), nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1eabn h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u0111i b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu. N\u0103m 1948, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0u ti\u00ean \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea7u c\u1eed H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p tinh. Trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u0103m 1949, s\u1ed1 c\u1eed tri \u0111i b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 70% cho H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tinh v\u00e0 90% cho H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e3. To\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 67 tinh, 397 huy\u1ec7n, 5.362 x\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng chi tr\u1eeb Nam B\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tinh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e3 trong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e3, c\u00f2n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, x\u00e3, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh'. T\u1ef3 l\u1ec7 c\u1eed tri \u0111i b\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e3 r\u1ea5t cao. Tinh Thanh H\u00f3a (thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do) c\u00f3 206.918 c\u1eed tri, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 99% c\u1eed tri \u0111i b\u1ea7u. Tinh Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean (v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng) c\u00f3 1.145.826 c\u1eed tri \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 93% c\u1eed tri \u0111i b\u1ea7u. C\u00f3 x\u00e3 \u1edf \\\"xa \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecbch\\\" nh\u01b0 Ph\u00fa Nhu\u1eadn, V\u0129nh L\u1ed9c (Ph\u00fa L\u1ed9c) c\u00f3 100% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ea7u2. L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n c\u00f3 75%, Cao B\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 59% c\u1eed tri \u0111i b\u1ea7u. s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng c\u1eed trung b\u00ecnh g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea7u. To\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Ninh (n\u1eeda mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng) ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea7u 1.804 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean th\u00ec c\u00f3 4.400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng c\u1eed, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea7u 1.215 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean th\u00ec c\u00f3 3.083 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng c\u1eed3. 1. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00e0nh t\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong 8 n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn (1946-1954) c\u00f9a B\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5. Trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 685. 2. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e1 d\u00e2n Li\u00ean khu r v (1945-1954), Nxb. Chinh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2003, tr. 253. 3. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00e0nh t\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n..., T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, Trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 685. 436","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI. Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1eeb tri \u0111i b\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n b\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e3. V\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a tinh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i c\u00f3 89% c\u1eed tri \u0111i b\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea7u ra 28 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 140 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng c\u1eed v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 trong s\u1ed1 11 huy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea1t 56% c\u1eed tri \u0111i b\u1ea7u H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf 7 trong s\u1ed1 9 huy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea1t 71% c\u1eed tri \u0111i b\u1ea7u1. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham gia H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh sau cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed kh\u00f3a II (1949) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 (ban h\u00e0nh th\u00e1ng 6-1948) th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e3 c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 to\u00e0n tinh Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd c\u00f3 2.470 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean m\u00e0 chi c\u00f3 999 b\u1ea7n n\u00f4ng; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng chi c\u00f3 7% h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean n\u1eef trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e3; to\u00e0n tinh Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, Tuy\u00ean Quang m\u1ed7i tinh c\u00f3 2 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean n\u1eef trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 20 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tinh. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Trong s\u1ed1 20 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tinh Cao B\u0103ng, B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, Gia Lai - Kon Tum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 sau: Cao B\u1eb1ng: 14 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean T\u00e0y, 2 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean N\u00f9ng, 2 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean Dao, 2 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean Kinh; B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n: 16 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean T\u00e0y, 3 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean Dao, 1 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean Kinh; Gia Lai - Kon Tum: 6 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean Gia Rai, 5 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean Ba Na, 5 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean S\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng, 7 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean Kinh2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng trong \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u0103m 19503: 1. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00e0nh t\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n..., T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, Trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u00f9 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 685. 2. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00e0nh t\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec3n..., T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, Trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 685. 3. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, s\u1ed1 77, th\u00e1ng 8-1965. 437","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Tinh Huy\u1ec7n X\u00e3 Li\u00ean khu T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed5 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng n\u1ed3ng (ng\u01b0\u00edri) c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng (ng\u01b0\u1eddi) (ng\u01b0\u00f2ri) Vi\u1ec7t B\u00e1c 101 20% III 15% 481 IV 30% 42% 1.181 66% 30% 40% Nam B\u1ed9 34% 60% Nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u1eebong b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 ti l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm kh\u00e1 cao trong \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u00e1t sao nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea5p x\u00e3. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Li\u00ean khu \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111om gi\u1ea3n khu, huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tinh, x\u00e3. \u0110\u1ec3 \\\"t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3\\\" ph\u1ea3i \\\"c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\\\", b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ban chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u1edf c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng cho x\u00e3. V\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4n, c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p hai l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c \u01a1 s\u1edf s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 l\u1ed5m, gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i chi \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, th\u1ecb x\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 ch\u01b0a l\u1eadp xong. Do \u0111\u00f3, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chi th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u chinh n\u00ean c\u00e1c x\u00e3 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra \u1ee9 \u1edd v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 c\u0169. \u0110\u1ec3 \\\"c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 x\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea5p x\u00e3\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1948. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n (8 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 ng\u00e0y) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 x\u00e3. C\u00f2n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u1eebong 438","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI. Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.. c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 t\u00fac trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n (3 th\u00e1ng) cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 v\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1949-1950, t\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c Khu \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \\\"b\u1ed5 t\u00fac c\u1ea5p x\u00e3\\\". C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi \u0111ua \\\"x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t l\u00e0m tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111om gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a, t\u00f2a \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb an, tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb b\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m g\u1ed3m 3 ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 1 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. T\u00f2a \u00e1n tinh c\u00f3 2 ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 1 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. T\u00f2a \u00e1n huy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 2 ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 1 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f2a \u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t t\u00f2a \u00e1n, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u00ean khu. Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m v\u00e0 T\u00f2a \u00e1n tinh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, chi t\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n cho Ban t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p x\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t vi c\u1ea3nh chung th\u1ea9m t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 T\u00f2a \u00e1n huy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9 vi c\u1ea3nh chung th\u1ea9m t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 ng\u00e0y1. Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed9, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00f3 vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00fa m \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ecfi. T\u00f2a \u00e1n huy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ra l\u1ec7nh trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p; Th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u00e1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9. Trong D\u00e2n lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean t\u1eeb 18 tu\u1ed5i, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3, quy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i... 1. Bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 4-1950. Trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 AI Q013. 439","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t th\u00eam m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 gi\u1eefa \u1ee7 y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc th\u00eam, n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. 2. \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua \u00e1i qu\u00e9c. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c 2.1. Phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c Ng\u00e0y 27-3-1948, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ra Chi th\u1ecb ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: \\\"Ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eafng l\u00e0m nhanh, l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay tinh th\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hay ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, c\u1ed1t sao l\u1ee3i cho n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. N\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 \u0111ang kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi \u0111ua \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao cho kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn mau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft ch\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\\\"1. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, ng\u00e0y 11-6-1948, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 1.000 ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ra l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi thi \u0111ua \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi r\u00f5: \\\"M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi \u0111ua \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3i, di\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t, di\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho d\u00e2n. c \u1ea7 n ph\u1ea3i thi \u0111ua nhau: l\u00e0m cho mau, l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u; trong cu\u1ed9c thi \u0111ua \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00fang ta: v\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c\\\"2. N\u00e3m 1948 l\u00e0 n\u0103m ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m thi \u0111ua. Sau phong tr\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i (th\u00e1ng 4-1948), Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam; V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9:1948, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2001, tr. 71. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 5: 1947-1949, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2002, tr. 444. 440","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI. Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a xay d\u1ef1ng.. \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u1edf m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 19-6-1948. Khi Chi th\u1ecb ph\u00e1t ra, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t li\u1ec7t h\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng. Phong tr\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 lan ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, du k\u00edch, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c x\u00e3... \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia thi \u0111ua v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c phong ph\u00fa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0: \\\"Thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 thi \u0111ua trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, sao l\u00e3ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o thi \u0111ua c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, coi thi \u0111ua \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i\\\"1. \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh, ng\u00e0y 18- 10-1948, Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ra Ch\u00ec th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m trong vi\u1ed9c l\u0103nh \u0111\u1ea1o thi \u0111ua \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c. Trong n\u0103m 1948-1949, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o \\\"C\u01a1m no, s\u00fang t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng\\\". Trong c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp phong tr\u00e0o \\\"G\u00e2y c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c\\\" c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o \\\"R\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\\\". Trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o \\\"T\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, thi \u0111ua c\u1ea5y chi\u00eam, s\u1eeda \u0111\u00ea, d\u1ecdn s\u00f4ng m\u00e1ng, tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f4ng\\\". Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 phong \u1eeb\u00e0o thanh to\u00e1n n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef, b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 (\u1edd Khu I, III, X). v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh, l\u00e0m chu\u1ed3ng tr\u00e2u xa nh\u00e0, \u0111\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng, v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o ph\u00e1 t\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1eadn gi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c, phong tr\u00e0o du k\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thi \u0111ua v\u1edbi nhau l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, phong tr\u00e0o Nam B\u1ed9 thi \u0111ua v\u1edbi Trung B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. Phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e1ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2 d\u1eabn, tr. 378. 441","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 2.2. C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m \u1edf r\u1ed9ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m. Trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Trong \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham gia, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1948 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecfng ch\u00e9o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c M\u1eb7t \u1ee9\u1eadn v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Minh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t. \\\"C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Minh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t\\\", \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng linh \u0111\u1ed9ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 chi ra v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0: c\u00f3 n\u01a1i thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 qu\u00ean c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Minh; c\u00f3 n\u01a1i l\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Minh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t; c\u00f3 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chung gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t2. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft thanh ni\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thanh ni\u00ean t\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n, gia nh\u1eadp d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch. H\u1ed9i M\u1eb9 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u0169ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i tham gia thi \u0111ua y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1eefong c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \\\"g\u00f3p qu\u1ef9 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9: 1948, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2001, tr. 263-264. 2. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 11: 1950, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2001, tr. 69. 442","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI. Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.. nu\u00f4i qu\u00e2n\\\", ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh, may \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i. Th\u00e1ng 9-1949, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh g\u1eedi th\u01b0 khen c\u00e1c c\u1ee5, c\u00e1c b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \\\"th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau ch\u0103m s\u00f3c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 nh\u01b0 con ch\u00e1u ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5, c\u00e1c b\u00e0 c\u0169ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\\\"1. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 m \u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c (nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0nh b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n...). Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1eebong v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng gia nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ean t\u1edbi 37.436 \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 1.181.064 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, \u1edf v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 168.142 \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 352.069 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. N\u0103m 1948, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 1.210.000 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean, chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi. N\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i chi c\u00f3 820.000 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean, chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Thanh ni\u00ean c\u0169ng chi chi\u1ebfm 15% tham gia \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec32. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u00e2n v\u1eadn, ng\u00e0y 15-10- 1949, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \\\"D\u00e2n v\u1eadn\u201d tr\u00ean b\u00e1o S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt s\u1ed1 120 chi r\u00f5: \\\"D\u00e2n v\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00e0o, g\u00f3p th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 giao cho... T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, t\u1ea5t c\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111o\u00e0n the v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n (Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t, Vi\u1ec7t Minh...) \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch d\u00e2n v\u1eadn\\\"3. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1950, T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, H\u1ed9i N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c, H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 5: 1947-1949, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2002, tr. 689. 2. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cu\u1ed9c kk\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p 1945-1954, t\u1eadp I. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr. 464. 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 5: 1947-1949, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2002, tr. 698, 699. 443","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. H\u1ed9i N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 thanh ni\u00ean, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea7n, c\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thanh ni\u00ean trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 tr\u1ebb. \u0110o\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u00fd s\u01b0 h\u1ed9i (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1948) nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9c h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch, v\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh. V\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e1t \u0111a \u0111u\u1ef1c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c. 2.3. \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng V\u00c0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea3ng T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1948, cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y v\u00e0 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \\\"ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ed5\\\" \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u0103m 1948, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t 444","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u1ec9. Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.. tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u, lan r\u1ed9ng trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. N\u0103m 1946 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 2 v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9-1948 t\u0103ng l\u00ean hom 15 v\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1950 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 43 v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm 8,7%. Trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean chi\u1ebfm 1\/3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ed11, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng khu t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9-1948 l\u00e0: Khu 1:19.000 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; Khu X: 13.800 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; Khu III: hom 70.000 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; Khu IV: 30.000 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; Nam Trung B\u1ed9: 13.000 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn 5-1948); Trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i: kho\u1ea3ng 20.000 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; Nam B\u1ed9: 23.000 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 8-1948)2. N\u0103m 1948, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c tinh: Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 17.000 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, V\u0129nh Y\u00ean, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng, Thanh H\u00f3a c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 5.000 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean... s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 5 th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m do Trung \u01b0omg \u0111\u1eb7t ra (to\u00e0n R\u1eafc B \u1ed9 th\u00e1ng 9- 1948 c\u00f3 10 v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, ri\u00eang Khu III c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 7 v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean) Trung B\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f2n h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, chi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Trung B\u1ed9, c\u00f2n Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, Nam Trung B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea3ng. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 3-1948 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 9.000 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 23.000 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. S\u1ed5 chi b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1947 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 3.800 chi b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m 1948 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 7.800 chi b\u1ed9. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1950 (tr\u1eeb v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Nam Trung B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c), h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chi b\u1ed9, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea3ng. Trong b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 11: 1950, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2001, \u1eeb. 92. 2. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 10: 1949, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2001, tr. 120-121. 445","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 chi b\u1ed9, trung \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed5, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng binh x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chi b\u1ed91. v \u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1948 c\u00f3 70% \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trung, b\u1ea7n n\u00f4ng; g\u1ea7n 10% th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c g\u1ea5p hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean n\u1eef c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt, chi chi\u1ebfm 8,4% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1948-1950 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung v\u1eabn c\u00f2n k\u00e9m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t d\u00e3 man nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u01b0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0110\u1ea3ng. Trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ch\u1eadm \u1edd Nam B\u1ed9. T\u1eeb Khu V tr\u1edd ra, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chi b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c trung \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea3ng. Song \u1edf v\u00e0i n\u01a1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ea9u. Ri\u00eang \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea3ng qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00e1ng 3-1948 \u1edf Khu VII t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh 250 \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 1 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; \u1edf Khu VIII, \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm. Trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 trong gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1949, \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh c\u00f3 10 v\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u00e0 chi c\u00f3 20 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a c\u1ecf 3 v\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng chi c\u00f3 20 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, \u1edf Ninh B\u00ecnh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng chi c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 20 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. C\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0110\u1ea3ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9m. Ri\u00eang \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 hon so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1947. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ecf kho\u1ea3ng 1 v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 nh\u01b0: S\u01a1n La, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, Tuy\u00ean Quang, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Cao B\u1eb1ng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea3ng \u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng kh\u00e1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 11: 1950..., S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr. 92. 446","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI. Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 coi \u1eeb\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; v\u00ec v\u1eady, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. Trong 5 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1948, Li\u00ean khu III m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: 674 l\u1edbp cho 19.653 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed m\u1edbi; 105 l\u1edbp cho 2.785 chi \u1ee7y vi\u00ean; 32 l\u1edbp cho 1.067 huy\u1ec7n \u1ee7y vi\u00ean. Li\u00ean khu I, trong n\u0103m 1948 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 666 l\u1edbp cho 13.606 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean1. \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Trong n\u0103m 1948, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \\\"chi b\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c\\\", coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. T\u1ea1i Li\u00ean khu III \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 464 chi b\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u1ed1 1.780 chi b\u1ed9 to\u00e0n Li\u00ean khu (chi\u1ebfm 27%). Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949, tr\u00ean to\u00e0n B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 1.000 chi b\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, h\u01a1n n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 chi b\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u chi b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 chi b\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1eb1ng La (Y\u00ean B\u00e1i), \u0110\u00ecnh B\u1ea3ng (B\u1eafc Ninh), C\u1ef1 Nam v\u00e0 C\u1ea3nh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh). Tuy v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed5 chi b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00f2n \u00edt, \u1edd Nam B\u1ed9 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp, \u1edd Trung B\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u1edd B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111a s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Trong nam 1950 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 25% l\u1ecfng s\u1ed1 chi b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1948-1950 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 9: 1948, S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn..., tr. 283. 447","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 10 Nh\u00ecn chung \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1950, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1eeb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ecf b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. n. TI\u1ebeP T\u1ee4C X\u00c2Y D\u1ef1NG N\u1ec0N KINH T\u1ebe KH\u00c1NG CHI\u1ebeN T \u1ef1 T\u00daC T \u1ef1 C\u1ea4P C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa ta v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tri\u1ec3n khai \u1eeb\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn: qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tri, vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. 1. \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh pb\u00e1l tri\u1ebbn n\u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7p Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ee9ong v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p t\u1ef1 t\u00fac \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n, \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1eb7c cho qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. Do nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 B\u1ed9 Canh n\u00f4ng, \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p Li\u00ean khu, t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ban canh n\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: 448","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI. Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.. 1.1. Gi\u00fap n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n, gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m. Ch\u00ec t\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3-1947 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9-1948, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 cho vay 28.164.151 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 24.622 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 29.911.571 \u0111\u1ed3ng1. Vi\u1ec7c cho vay ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac, t\u00e0ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00e8, h\u1ed3i... T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho vay ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edd c\u00e1c Li\u00ean khu ph\u00eda B\u1eafc; Li\u00ean khu IV, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o vay v\u1ed1n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n cho vay trong 6 th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1948 l\u00e0 1.311.070 \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m 1.296 kho\u1ea3n vay, 6 th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949 l\u00e0 4.548.803 \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m 2.592 kho\u1ea3n vay, t\u0103ng 246%2. V\u1ee5 chi\u00eam n\u0103m 1950, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Li\u00ean khu V cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n vay 8 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng Nam B\u1ed9, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm, n\u0103m 1949 cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n vay 1.700.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng3, n\u0103m 1950 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 5.000.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9, c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 cho vay v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1949 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111om gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c cho vay t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mua gi\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2, n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, chi ph\u00ed cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, khai hoang ph\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 10: 1949, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2001, tr. 155. 2. T\u1eadp bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 kinh t\u00e9 c\u1ee7a \u1ee7y ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Li\u00ean khu IV n\u0103m 1949. Trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 1737. 3. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1949 c\u00f9a Khu n\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, Li\u00ean khu IV v\u00e0 Canh n\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9. Trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng Ph\u00f9 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 1849. 449"]
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