10th Tamil Guide by Surya Publications

(i) R ,sikj;jkpnH gj;jhk; tFg;g[ 2020?21 g[jpa ghlE}ypd;go 3000fF; k; nkwg; l;l TLjy; tpdh tpilfs; 1000f;Fk; nkw;gll; TLjy; FW?rpW tpdh tpilfs; 200f;Fk; nkwg; ll; bkhHp gapwr; p TLjy; tpdh tpilfs; ,ytrk; 1. bkhHp gapw;rp g[j;jfk; 2. IDEAL jkpH; tpdh t=;fp ciuahrphpah;fs;: Kidth; rp. gue;jhkd;/ r. nrl;L kjhh;rh/ M.A., M.A., M.Phil., M.A., M.Ed., M.Phil, Ph.D., B.Ed., TPT, PGDTR, UGC-NET, Ph.D., Dip.Folk, PGDCA KJfiyjj; kpHhrphpah/; flY}h;. <nuhL. tP. mgpn&fh nfj;jhpd;/ M.A., B.Ed., nfh. ghf;fpaehjd;/ M.A., M.Phil, B.Ed., ghisa=n; fhl;il. ghisa=;nfhl;il. Kidth; g.bg. fypa@h;j;jp/ M.A., B.Ed., Ph.D., (,yf;fpaj; njhHd;)/ jkpHhrphpah;/ Fkg; nfhzk.; SURYA PUBLICATIONS Price ` 300/- (A UNIT OF SHYAMALA GROUP) Tirunelveli - Chennai www.tnpscjob.com

(ii) Published By B. ARUMUGAM SURYA PUBLICATIONS (A unit of Shyamala Group) Kjy; gjpg;g[ : 2019 Vgu; y; ,uz;lhk; gjpg;g[ : 2019 $^d; @d;whk; gjpg;g[ : 2019 $^iy ehd;fhk; gjpgg; [ : 2020 $dthp Ie;jhk; (jpUj;jpa) gjpgg; [ : 2020 $^d; BANK DETAILS TIRUNELVELI ACCOUNT Account Name : Surya Publications Account Name : Surya Publications Account Number : 446971431 Account Number : 510909010051752 Bank Name : Indian Bank Bank Name : City Union Bank IFSC Code : IDIB000T034 IFSC Code : CIUB0000230 Branch Name : Tirunelveli Junction Branch Name : Palayamkottai CHENNAI ACCOUNT Account Name : Sri Ganga Publication Account Name : Sri Ganga Publication Account Number : 928507483 Account Number : 512020010022514 Bank Name : Indian Bank Bank Name : City Union Bank IFSC Code : IDIB000A031 IFSC Code : CIUB0000230 Branch Name : Ashok Nagar Branch Name : Palayamkottai SURYA PUBLICATIONS (A UNIT OF SHYAMALA GROUP) Corporate Office : Registered Office : No. 1, Sugar Mill Colony, New No. 59, 4th Avenue, Salai Kumaran illam, Opp. to Govt. Boys Hr. Sec. School, Madurai Road, Ashok Nagar, Tirunelveli - 627001. Chennai - 600 083. Phone : 044 - 2474 4484 Phone : 0462 - 233 8899 / 233 8484 Mobile : 94421 58484 / 94425 58484 Mobile : 94431 58484 / 95978 39822 Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : www.suryapublications.in www.tnpscjob.com

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(vi) kdg;ghlg; gFjp md;id bkhHpna ? mHfhh;e;j brej; kpnH- mdi; d bkhHpna- mHfhh;e;j bre;jkpnH- Kdi; dfF; k; Kdi; d KfpHj; j; eW=f; dpna- fdd; pf; Fkhpf; flyb; fhz;l ehlo; ilapy; kd;dp murpUej; kzQ; yfg; nguunr- bjd;dd; kfns- jpUf;Fwspd; khzg; [fnH- ,d;dWk; ghgg; jn; j- vzb; jhifna- ewf; zf;nf- kdD; +; rpyk;ng- kzpnk fiytont- KdD; k; epidthy; KojhH thH;jJ; tnk- ?ghtynuW bgU+r; pjj; pudhh; Kyi; ygg; hlL; fhrpf;fhzl; k; rpWjhkg; [ bjhLjj; griyf; fd;wpd; tpUej; pddhf xUtd; te;J vjpupd; cWJau; mykuy; nehf;fp/ Mak; fs; tpajj; y; edb; khHp ,dpJ ciujj; y; eL=;F Rty; mirjj; ifas;/ ``ifa bfhL=n; fhw; nfhtyu; gpde; pd;W ca;j;ju jpUeJ; w nehf;fy; tUf vd ciujj; y; ,d;nd tUFtu/; jhau~; ~ vdn; ghs; vGjy; Kd; kfpHt; d brg;gy; ed;du; edb; khHp nfll; dk;. bghUe;J kwW; mtd; jd;mUFw ,Ujj; y; ?eg;gj{ dhh; nghbkdpy; gpd; bry;tjhjy; gupe;Jed; Kfkd; tH=f; y; ,t;bthdg; hd; xGf;fKk; tHpgLk; gz;ng ?mjptuP uhk ghz;oah; bgUkhs; jpUbkhHp ejP p btz;gh thshy; mWjJ; r; RoDk; kUjJ; td; ghy; mUisg; bgUf;fp mwpitj; jpUjj; p khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy; khajj; hy; kUis mfw;wp kjpf;Fk; bjUis kPshj; Jau;jupDk; tpj;Jtf; nfhl;lkk; h- eP mUjJ; tJk; MtpfF; mUeJ; izaha; ,d;gk; Msh cdjUns ghu;gg; d; monand. bghUj;JtJk; fyt; pbad;nw nghw;W. ?FynrfuhHt; hh; ?fh.g. braF; jkg; pg; ghtyh; jpUtpisahlw; g[uhzk; gz[ z; pag; gy[ tPu; ahd; ,gn; ghH;J ,ilf; fhldhu;f;Fg; gz;zpa Fww; k; vy;yhk; bghWf;f vdg; gutpj; jhHe; j; hd; Ezz; pa nfst; p nahUk; kd;deP Etdw; brhy;yhk; jz;zpa mKjhy; v=;fs; nfhgj;jPj; jzpej; J vdd; h. ?gu+n; rhjp Kdpth; www.tnpscjob.com

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Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 1 ,ay; bkhHp ftpijg; ngiH 1 md;id bkhHpna ghtynuW bgU+;rpjj; pudhu; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. ve;jkpH;eh vdg; ijg; gpupjj; hy; ,t;thW tUk; m) ve; + jkpH; + eh M) ve;j + jkpH; + eh ,) vk; + jkpH; + eh <) ve;jk; + jkpH; + eh [tpil: ,) vk; + jkpH; + eh] FWtpdh 1. ``kdD; k; rpyk;ng- kzpnk fiytont- Kd;Dk; epidthy; KojhH thHj; ;Jtnk-~~ ? ,t;tofspy; ,lkb; gwW; s;s fhg;gpa=f; isj; jtpu v+;rpa[s;s Ikb; gU=; fhg;gpa=f; spd; bgauf; is vGJf. ŒŒ rPtf rpej; hkzp/ ŒŒ tisahgjp/ ŒŒ Fz;lynfrp ,itaht[k; v+r; pa Ik;bgU=;fhgg; pa=;fs; MFk.; rpWtpdh ,ay; 1 1. jkpHd;idia thH;j;Jtjw;fhd fhuz=f; shfg; ghtynuW Rl;Ltd ahit> ``md;id bkhHpna! mHfhu;ej; bre;jkpnH- Kd;idf;Fk; Kd;id KfpHj; j; eW=f; dpna-~~ ŒŒ mdi; d bkhHpna- mHfhd bre;jkpnH- ŒŒ gHikfF; g; gHikaha;j; njhdw; pa eW=f; dpna- ŒŒ Fkupf;fzl; jj; py; epiybgwW; murhl;rp brYjj; pa kzQ; yfg; nguunr- ŒŒ ghz;oadpd; kfns- jpUfF; wspd; bgUk; bgUikfF; upatns- ŒŒ g hl;Lk/; bjhifa[k; Mdtns- gjpbdzf; PH;f;fzfn; f- epiyj;j rpyg;gjpfhunk- mHfhd kzpnkfiyna- ŒŒ fly; bfhz;l Fkupapy; epiyaha; epd;W murhlr; p bra;j bgUej; kpH; munr- ŒŒ bgh=f; pbaGk; epidt[fshy; jiygzpe;J jkpnH cdi; d thHj; J; fpd;nwhk.; ``KdD; k; epidthy; KojhH thHj; J; tnk!” www.tnpscjob.com

2 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ beLtpdh 1. kndhd;kzPak; Re;judhupd; jkpH;j;jha; thH;j;Jg; ghliyak[ ; bgU+r; pj;jpudhupd; jkpH; thH;j;ija[k; xgg; plL; nkilg;ngrR; xdi; w cUthf;Ff. mwpKf ciu: jhna- jkpnH- tzf;fk.; jha; gpsi; s cwtkk; h/ cdfF; k; vdf;Fk;. vdW; jkpHj; j; hia tz=f; p/ ,=;F kndhd;kzPak; Re;judhupd; ghliyak[ ;/ bgU+r; pj;jpudhupd; ghliya[k; xg;gplL; f; fhz;nghk;. Rej; udhu; bgU+r; pjj; pudhu; ePu; epiwe;j fliy Milahf cLj;jpa Fkupff; zl; j;jpy; epdW; epiybgw;w bgz;zhf g{kpiaak[ /; kz;Qyfk; nghw;w thHe; ;j nguurpna- ghujj;ij Kfkhftk[ ;/ gpiw nghd;w gHikfF; k; gHikahdtns- beww; pahftk[ /; ghz;oadpd; kfns- jpUfF; wspd; g[fnH- bew;wpapy; ,l;l bghll; hf jkpGk;/ ghlL; k; bjhifna- fPH;f;fzfn; f- rpyk;ng- jkpHpd; kzk; vj;jpirak[ ; tPRkhW nkfiyna- vd;W bgU+;rpj;jpudhu; jkpiH cUtfgg; Lj;jpg; ghoas[ s; hu; Rej; udhu;. KojhH tz=f; p thHj; J; fpwhu.; ``ePuhU=; flYLj;j epykle;ijf; ``md;id bkhHpna- mHfhu;e;j brej; kpnH-~~ bfHpbyhGFk.; ....~~ epiwt[iu: ,UtUnk jkpHpd; bgUikiaj; jk; ghlyf; spy; g{l;o/ fhye;njhWk; ngRkg; oahf mHFw mikjJ; g; ghoa[s;sdu.; TLjy; tpdhf;fs; ,ay; 1 ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ brej; kpH/; eW=;fdp/ nguuR/ brej; hkiu ? gz;gj[ b; jhiffs; gho/ FojJ; ? tpidbar;r=f; s; gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; KfpHj; ;j = KfpH; + j; + j; + m KfpH; ? gFjp j ; ? re;jp j ; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy m ? bgabur;r tpFjp gyts[ ; bjupf 1. Ikb; gU=f; hgg; pa=f; Ss; bghUe;jhjijj; njuf; . m) anrhju fhtpak; M) rpygg; jpfhuk; ,) kzpnkfiy <) rPtf rpe;jhkzp [tpil: m) anrhju fhtpak]; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 3 2. css; jj; py; fdy; @s bre;jhkiuj; njidf; Foj;Jr; rpwfirjJ; g; ghoaJ vJ> m) njd;rplL; M) tzL; ,) njdP <) tz;zj;Jgg; {r;rp [tpil: M) tzL; ] 3. ``mdi; d bkhHpna~~ vd;w ftpijapy; ,lk;bgWk; @nte;jUs; xUtu; m) nrud ; M) nrhHd; ,) ghz;oad; <) gy;ytd ; [tpil: ,) ghz;oad]; 4. bghUej; hjtwi; wf; fzl; wpf. m) ghtpaf;bfhj;J M) E}whrpupak; ,) bjdj; kpH ; <) gss; pgg; witfs ; [tpil: ,) bjd;jkpH]; 5. bghUej; hjtwi; wf; fzl; wpf. m) jkpH;r;rpl;L M) gss; pgg; witfs; ,) vzR; it vz;gJ <) cyfpay; E}W [tpil: m) jkpH;rr; pl;L] 6. bghUj;Jf. 1. khzg; [fH; ? m) rpygg; jpfhuk; 2. kd;Dk; ? M) jpUf;Fws; 3. tot[ ? ,) gj;Jg;ghl;L 4. ghg;gjn; j ? <) kzpnkfiy m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M) 1., 2.< 3.m 4.M ,) 1.M 2., 3.< 4.m <) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.< [tpil: m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4.,] 7. `md;id bkhHpna~ ftpij ,lk; bgWk; E}y; m) E}whrpupak; M) fdprr; hW ,) vzR; it vzg; J <) ghtpaf;bfhj;J [tpil: M) fdprr; hW] 8. ``Kd;Dk; epidthy; KojhH thH;jJ; tnk~~ ? vd;W ghoatu; m) bgU+r; pj;jpudhu ; M) f.rrr; pjhdej; d; ,) thzpjhrd ; <) fz;zjhrd ; [tpil: m) bgU+r; pj;jpudhu;] ,ay; 1 9. ``KeJ; w;nwhk; ahz;Lk; KH=f; j; jdpjj; kpnH~~ ? vd;W ghoatu; m) f.rrr; pjhde;jd; M) Jiu. khzpf;fk; ,) thzpjhrd ; <) Koaurd; [tpil: M) Jiu. khzpf;fk]; 10. ``ew;fzfn; f~~ vd;gjpy; Rll; gg; Lk; E}yf; s; vj;jid> m) 18 M) 10 ,) 8 <) 5 [tpil: m) 18] 11. ``kdD; k; rpykn; g- kzpnkfiy tont-~~ v+;rpa[ss; bgU=;fhgg; pa=;fs; vj;jid> m) IeJ; M) @dW; ,) ,uz;L <) vlL; [tpil: M) @d;W] 12. Jiu. khzpf;fk; vd;w ,aw;bgau; bfhzl; tu; ahu>; m) bgU+;rpj;jpudhu; M) bgupatdf; tpuhau; ,) njtneag; ghthzu; <) jkpHzz; y ; [tpil: m) bgU+;rpjj; pudhu]; 13. bgU+r; pj;jpudhu; ghlypy; `gHikf;Fg; gHik~ vdD; k; bghUs; jUk; brhy;. m) Kd;id KfpH;ej; M) Kdi; df;Fk; Kd;id ,) KdD; k; epidthy; <) KeJ; w;nwhk; ahz;Lk;  [tpil: M) Kd;idf;Fk; Kd;id] www.tnpscjob.com

4 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ 14. `ghg;gj;nj vz; bjhifna~ ? rupahd bghUisf; fzl; wp. m) ghly; gj;J/ vz; bjhif M) gh gj;J/ vlL; j; bjhif ,) gjJ; g;ghlL; / vl;Lj;bjhif <) gjJ; k; vlL; k;  [tpil: ,) gjJ; gg; hl;L/ vl;Lj;bjhif] 15. bgU+;rpjj; pudhupd; `Ke;Jwn; whk; ahz;Lk~; / `jkpH;jj; ha; thHj; J; ~ vdD; k; ,U jiygg; pYss; ghlyf; s; vj;bjhFgg; pypUe;J vLjj; hsg; bgw;wd> m) vzR; it vz;gJ M) cyfpay; E}W ,) E}whrpupak; <) fdpr;rhW [tpil: <) fdpr;rhW] 16. brej; hkiuj; njidf; Foj;Jr; rpwfhue; j; meJ; k;gp ghLk; mJ nghy ? gapdW; tUk; mzp m) ctikazp M) cUtfmzp ,) vLjJ; ff; hl;L ctikazp <) jw;Fwpgn; gww; zp [tpil: m) ctikazp] 17. bre;jkpH; ? gpupj;J vGJf. M) brk; + jkpH; [tpil: <) brk;ik + jkpH;] m) bre; + jkpH; <) brk;ik + jkpH; ,) br + jkpH; 18. brej; kpH;/ bre;jhkiu Mfpa brhwf; spy; ,lk; bgWk; ,yff; zf; Fwpg;igr; Rl;Lf. m) gz;gj[ ;bjhif M) tpidj;bjhif ,) ck;ikj; bjhif <) md;bkhHpjb; jhif [tpil: m) gzg; j[ ;bjhif] 19. ce;jp czu;btGg;g cs;sf; fdy; @s ? ,t;toapy; fhQk; eak; m) nkhid M) vJif ,) Kuz; <) ,iag[ [tpil: m) nkhid] 20. bjdd; d; kfns- jpUfF; wspd; khzg; [fnH- ,dd; Wk; ghgg; j;nj- vz; bjhifna- ew;fzf;nf kdD; +; rpyk;ng- kzpnkfiy tont- Kd;Dk; epidthy; KojhH thH;j;Jtnk- ,ay; 1 ,g;ghlypy; mike;j vJifr; brhwf; is vLj;bjGJf. m) bjd;dd; M) kd;Dk; ,) ,d;dWk; <) ,itaidjJ; k; [tpil: <) ,itaidj;Jk]; 21. `md;id bkhHpna~ vdD; k; jkpH;jj; ha; thH;jj; pd; Mrpupau; m) Re;judhu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) bgU+r; pjj; pudhu; <) ghthzu; [tpil: ,) bgU+;rpj;jpudhu]; 22. ``rhFk; nghJk; jkpHg; oj;Jr; rhf ntz;Lk; ? vd;wd; rhkg; Yk; jkpH; kze;J ntf ntz;Lk~; ~ vd;W ghoatu; ahu;> m) ghujpjhrd; M) bgU+r; pjj; pudhu; ,) rr;rpjhde;jd; <) MWKfehtyu; [tpil: ,) rr;rpjhdej; d]; 23. bgU+;rpjj; pudhupd; gzpfspy; jkpGf;Ff; fUt{ykha; mikej; E}y; vJ> m) ghtpafb; fhj;J M) fdprr; hW ,) jpUfF; ws; bkag; ;bghUSiu <) cyfpay; E}W   [tpil: ,) jpUf;Fws; bka;g;bghUSiu] 24. bjd;bkhHp/ jkpHr; ;rpl;L Mfpa ,jH;fspd; Mrpupau; ahu>; m) fzz; jhrd; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) bgU+;rpjj; pudhu; <) jpU.tp.f [tpil: ,) bgU+;rpjj; pudhu]; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 5 FWtpdh 1. ghtynuW bgU+;rpj;jpudhupd; jkpGzui; t cybf=;Fk; gug;g fhuzkha; ,Uej; ,jHf; s; ahit> ŒŒ bjdb; khHp ŒŒ jkpHr; r; plL; 2. ghtynuW bgU+;rpjj; pudhupd; gilgg; f[ s; ahit> ŒŒ cyfpay; E}W  fdpr;rhW ŒŒ ghtpafb; fhj;J  kfgF[ t+;rp ŒŒ E}whrpupak ;  gs;spg; gwitfs; ŒŒ vz;Rit vzg; J 3. tz;L ? njd; jkpHu; ? jkpH;r;Rit ,twi; w xg;gplL; g; bgU+;rpj;jpudhu; Fwpgg; pLk; bra;jp ahJ> tz;L ? njd:; cs;sjj; py; fdy; @s tzl; hdJ brej; hkiuj; njidf; FojJ; r; rpwfirj;Jg; ghLfpdw; J. jkpHu; ? jkpH;rR; it: jkpHu; brej; kpiHr; Ritj;J jkpHpd; bgUikia v=F; k; KH=;Ffpdw; du.; 4. ``mdi; d bkhHpna~~ vd;w ghlypy; mikeJ; s;s tpspr;brhw;fis vGJf. ŒŒ brej; kpnH-  khzg; [fnH- ŒŒ eW=f; dpna-  vzb; jhifna- ŒŒ nguunr-  ew;fzf;nf- ŒŒ bjd;dd; kfns-  rpykn; g- 5. gjpbdz; nkw;fzfF; E}y;fs; vit> ,ay; 1 vl;Lj;bjhif/ gjJ; g;ghl;L. 6. jkpH; vtw;wpd; fhuzkhfj; jkf;Fs; gw;Wzu;it Vwg; Lj;Jtjhfg; bgU+;rpjj; pudhu; TWfpwhu>; ŒŒ gHkb; gUikak[ ; jdf;bfdj; jdpr;rpwgg; [k; ,yf;fpa tsKk; bfhz;lJ jkpH;. ŒŒ ePzl; epiyjj; jd;ik cilaJ. ŒŒ ntw;WbkhHpahu; jkpiHf; Fwpj;J ciuj;j g[fH;bkhHpfs;. Mfpa ,itna jkf;Fs; gw;Wzu;it Vw;gLjJ; tjhfg; bgU+;rpjj; pudhu; TWfpwhu;. 7. ``,dd; Wk; ghg;gj;nj! vz; bjhifna! ew;fzfn; f!~~ ? ,t;toapy; Rll; gg; Lk; bkhjj; E}yf; s; vj;jid> ghg;gjJ; gj;Jgg; hl;L 10 vz; bjhif vlL; j;bjhif 8 ew;fzf;F gjpbdzf; PHf; ;fzf;F 18 bkhjj; E}yf; spd; vzz; pfi; f 36 www.tnpscjob.com

6 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ rpWtpdh 1. ghtynuW bgU+r; pj;jpudhu; Fwpgg; [ tiuf. bgau ; : ghtynuW bgU+;rpj;jpudhu; ,awb; gau; : Jiu. khzpf;fk; Cu ; : nryk; khtll; jj; pYs;s rKj;jpuk; bgwn; whu ; : Jiurhkp/ F+r; k;khs; ,aww; pa E}y;fs; : f dprr; hW/ Iia/ bfhaa; hf;fdp/ ghtpaf;bfhj;J/ gss; pg;gwitfs;/ E}whrpupak;/ vz;Rit vzg; J/ kfgF[ t+r; p. rpwgg; [ : ,tupd; jpUf;Fws; bkag; b; ghUSiu jkpGfF; f; fUt{ykha; mike;jJ. fhyk; : 10.03.1933 Kjy; 11.06.1995 tiu 2. `KeJ; wn; whk; ahzL; k; KH=f; j; jdpjj; kpnH~ vdW; ghtynuW bgU+r; pjj; pudhu; Twf; fhuzk; ahJ> ŒŒ brGik kpFe;j jkpnH- vd;Dapnu- brhy;YtjwF; mupjhd cdD; ila bgUikfis vd; jkpH; ehfF; vt;thW jhd; tpupj;Jiuf;Fk;. ŒŒ gHkb; gUik/ jkfb; fdj; jdprr; pwgg; /[ ,yf;fpa tsk; bfhzl; jkpnH- ŒŒ cdD; ila epiyj;j jdi; ka[k; ntwW; bkhHp ngRgtuf; s; cdi; dg; gww; pf; Twpa g[fGiua[k; vkf;Fs; gw;Wzu;it vGgg; f[ pdw; d. ``brej; h kiuj;njidf; FojJ; r; rpwfhue; j; me;Jk;gp ghLk; mJnghy ahkg; ho~~ ŒŒ vd; jdpjj; kpnH- tzL; brej; hkiuj; njidf; FojJ; r; rpwfirjJ; g; ghLtJ nghy eh=f; s; cdi; dr; RitjJ; css; jj; py; fdy; @s/ cd; bgUikia v=;Fk; KH=;Ffpd;nwhk;. fwg; it fww; gpd; gf;fk;: 3 ,ay; 1 1. ``eww; piz ey;y FWe;bjhif I=F; WE}W xj;j gjpw;Wg;gj;J X=F; gupghly; fw;wwpe;jhu; VjJ; k; fypnahL mfk;gw[ k; vd;W ,j;jpwj;j vlL; jb; jhif~~ ,r;bra;as[ py; ,lkb; gwW; s;s vlL; jb; jhif E}y;fisg; bgau;ff; huzjJ; ld; vLjJ; ff; hl;Lf. 1. eww; piz = ey; + jpiz bjhif E}y;fSs; Kjy; E}y.; ey; vdD; k; milbkhHp bgw;w E}y.; 2. FWeb; jhif: ey;y FWeb; jhif vdtk[ ; miHff; g;gLk.; Fiwe;j moasthy; ghlg;gl;l ghlyf; spd; bjhFg;g[ Mjyhy; FWe;bjhif vd miHf;fgg; l;lJ. 3. I=F; WE}W: Iej; pizfisg; ghLk; E}y.; FWfpa ghlyofs; bfhzl; E}y.; 4. gjpwW; g;gj;J: nru muruf; s; gj;Jg; ngiu 10 g[ytuf; s; gjJ; g; gjj; hfg; ghoaJ gjpw;Wg;gj;J. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 7 5. gupghly:; ,ay; 1 ,J mfk;/ g[wk; rhu;ej; E}y;. jkpHpd; Kjy; ,irg;ghly; E}y.; btz;gh/ Mrpupag;gh/ fypgg; h/ t+;rpg;gh Mfpa ehy;tifg; ghf;fshYk/; gytifahd mofshYk; ghlgg; lL; s;sJ. 6. fypj;bjhif: Ie;jpizak[ ; Ituhy; fypgg; htpy; mike;j E}y;. fypgg; htpd; Xir Jss; y; Xir. `fww; wpe;njhu; VjJ; k; fyp~ vdt[k; Twgg; LfpwJ. 7. mfehD}W: mfk; rhue; j; ehD}W ghlyf; isf; bfhzl; J. fspww; pahid epiu/ kzpkpilg; gtsk/; epjj; pyfn; fhit vd @dW; gpupt[fisf; bfhzl; J. 8. g[wehD}W: gw[ k; rhue; ;j E}y;. 400 ghlyf; is cilaJ. jkpHupd; tuyhw;Wg; bgl;lfk;. ,J gHe;jkpHupd; tPuk;/ gzg; hL/ ehfupfk;/ gHf;ftHff; k/; bfhil Mfpatw;iwg; gw;wpf; TWfpwJ. 2. ``vej; kpHe; h epd; bgUik vLjn; j ciutpupfF; k~; ~ vd;w ghlyoiaf; bfhzL; tFgg; iwapy; Ie;Jepkpl ciu epfHj; ;Jf. tzff; k-; jkpH; ,ay/; ,ir/ ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kgb; gUk; gpuptf[ isf; bfhz;lJ. jkpHu; mfk/; gw[ k; vd thHt; paYfF; ,yf;fzk; tFj;jdu;. jkpHpd; gHikianah myy; J mjd; bgUikianah ntW vk;bkhHpa[k; beU=f; tpayhJ. jkpHb; khHp ,wth ,yff; pa/ ,yf;fz ts=b; fhz;L jdf;bfdj; jdpnehf;Fk; nghf;Fk; bfhzL; s;sJ. ``jkpnH kpftk[ ; gz;gll; bkhHpbadW; k/; mJ jdfn; f cupa ,yff; par; bry;t=f; isg; bgww; pUf;Fk; bkhHpbadW; k~; ~ khfR; Kyy; u; vdD; k; bkhHp E}ywp+u; jkpH;bkhHpiar; rpwgg; pj;Jss; hu;. epiwthf/ jkpHpd; rpwgi; g epiyff; r; brat; Jk; nkYk; tsur; bra;tJk; jkpHu;fshfpa ekJ flikahFk.; ,jid czue; J; jkpHpd; rPupsikiaf; fhff; vdW; k; ghLgLnthk;. ed;wp- tzff; k-; -  www.tnpscjob.com

8 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; bkhHp ciueil cyfk; 1 jkpH;r;brhy; tsk; njtneag; ghthzu; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. `fhae; j; ,iya[k; fhae; j; njhifa[k;~ epyj;JfF; ey;y cu=f; s;. ,jb; jhlupy; mofn; fholl; gFjp Fwpgg; pLtJ m) ,iyak[ ; rUFk; M) njhifa[k; rz;Lk; ,) jhSk; Xiya[k; <) rUFk; rz;Lk; [tpil: <) rUFk; rz;Lk]; 2. ntu;ff; liy/ kpsfha; tpij/ kh=;bfhl;il Mfpatwi; wf; Fwpf;Fk; gapu;tif m) Fiy tif M) kzp tif ,) bfhGe;J tif <) ,iy tif [tpil: M) kzp tif] FWtpdh 1. xU jhw;wpy; gy rgP; ;g[ thiHgg; H=;fs; cs;sd. xU rPgg; py; gy jhW thiHg;gH=f; s; cs;sd. xU rgP g; py; gy thiHg;gH=f; s; css; d. nkwf; zl; bjhluf; spy; rupahd bjhluf; isr; Rl;off; hlo; / v+r; pa gpiHahd bjhlupYss; gpiHf;fhd fhuzji; j vGJf. ,ay; 1 rupahd bjhluf; s;: gpiHahdj; bjhlu:; ŒŒ x U jhww; py; gy rPg; g; [ xU rPg;gpy; gy jhW thiHg;gH=f; s; css; d. thiHgg; H=;fs; cs;sd. gpiHff; hd fhuzk:; ŒŒ xU rPgg; py; gy thiHgg; H=;fs; jhW – thiHfF; iy\" css; d. rPg;g[ – thiHj; jhww; pd; gFjp rpWtpdh 1. `g[spa=;fdW; MHkhf elg;gl;Ls;sJ.~ ,Jnghy; ,sk; gapu; tif Iej; pd; bgauf; isj; bjhlu;fspy; mikf;f. gpsi; s – bjdd; k; gps;is th=;fp ten; jd;. tlyp – fhlo; y; gid tlypiag; ghu;j;njd;. ehw;W – bey; ehw;W eln; ld;. fdW; – thiHff; d;W eln; ld.; ig=T; H ; – nrhsg; ig=T; H; gRikahf cs;sJ. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 9 beLtpdh ,ay; 1 1. jkpHpd; brhy;tsk; gw;wpak[ ; g[jpa brhyy; hf;fjj; pw;fhd njit FwpjJ; k; jkpH; kdw; jj; py; ngRtjwf; hd ciuf; Fwpg;gf[ is vGJf. Fwpgg; [r;rl;lk; mwpKft[iu brhy;tsk; brhy;yhf;fj;jpwf; hd njit epiwt[iu mwpKft[iu: tzff; k-; mdi; dbkhHpna- mHfhu;e;j bre;jkpnH- vdg; nghww; g;gLk; jkpHb; khHp gpwbkhHpfSf;bfyy; hk; jiyr;rpwe;j bkhHpahFk.; mkb; khHpapd; brhy;tsji; jg; gw;wpf; fhzn; ghk;. brhy;tsk;: ŒŒ , yff; par; brk;bkhHpfSfb; fyy; hk; bghJntDk;/ jkpHk; lL; k; mjpy; jiy rpwej; jhFk.; ŒŒ jkpHr; ;brhy; tsj;ijg; gyJiwfspYk; fhzyhk;. ŒŒ xUbghUl; gy brhy; tupirfs; jkpiHj; jtpu ntW vej; j; jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; mfuhjpfspYk; fhzgg; ltpy;iy. ŒŒ ``gpw jpuhtpl bkhHpfSfF; upadthff; fUjgg; Lk; brhw;fSk; jkpHpy; cs~~ vd;fpwhu; fhyL; bty.; brhyy; hff; jj; pwf; hd njit: ŒŒ brhyy; hf;fjj; pwf; hd njit vd;gJ mjd; gadg; hlL; Kiwiaf; bfhzn; l mikfpwJ. ŒŒ ,d;iwa mwptpay; tsu;r;rpf;nfw;g E}yf; isg; gj[ pa brhy;yhff; jJ; ld; gilj;jy; ntzL; k;. ŒŒ , yf;fpa nkd;ikfF; k; kff; s; mwpt[ilatuf; shf caut; jwF; k;/ gj[ pa brhy;yhf;fk; njit. ŒŒ bkhHp vdg; J cyfpd; nghlo; nghuhl;ljj; pwF; xU nghuf; ;fUtpahFk;. mf;fUtp fhyjj; pw;nfwg; khw;wgg; l ntzL; k;. ŒŒ jkpHpd; bgUika[k; bkhHpapd; rpwgg; k[ ; Fdw; hky; ,Uff; jkpHpy; g[jpa brhyy; hf;fk; njit. ŒŒ cyfpd; gpw Ma;tr[ ; rpe;jidfisj; jkpHg; ;gLj;jp vGJk; nghJ gpwbkhHp mwpahj jkpHUk; mtwi; wf; Fwpj;J mwpe;Jbfhs;s Koak[ .; ŒŒ b khHpna fyhrr; hujj; pd; tHpfhl;o. mij epiyehll; gj[ pa brhy;yhff; k; njit. ŒŒ k f;fspilna gue;j kdgg; hdi; kiaak[ ;/ MSikiaak[ ; epiyehll; gj[ pa brhyy; hf;fk; njitg;gLfpwJ. ŒŒ g pwbkhHpr; brhwf; s; fythky; ,Uff; fhyj;jpwn; fw;g g[jpa fiyrb; rhy;yhf;fk; Vw;gLj;j ntzL; k.; epiwti[ u: bkdi; kahd jkpiH nkdi; kahd jkpHhf;f mwptpay; bjhHpy;El;gr; brhwf; isj; jkpHg; g; Ljj; p jkpHpd; bgUikia cyfpw;Ff; bfhz;L bryn; thk.; gj[ pa brhyy; hff; j;jpd; nrit ,d;iwa jkpGf;Fj; njit edw; p- www.tnpscjob.com

10 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. ku+b; roapdpdW; g{ fPnH tpGej; epiyiaf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy; vJ> m) mUkg; [ M) kyu; ,) tP <) brkk; y; [tpil: ,) t]P 2. jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; xgg; pay; ,yf;fzk; vd;Dk; E}iy vGjpatu; ahu>; m) ghthzu ; M) fhy;Lbty; ,) ,uh. ,s=F; kudhu; <) jpU.tp.f [tpil: M) fhyL; bty]; 3. jpUtsS; tu; jtr;rhiy mike;Jss; ,lk; vJ> m) myY; }u; M) jpUts;Su; ,) fy;Y}u ; <) beyY; }u ; [tpil: m) my;Y}u]; 4. Fr;rpapd; gpupt[ vrb; rhyy; hy; miHf;fgg; LfpwJ> m) nghj;J M) Fr;rp ,) ,Qf;F <) rpid [tpil: ,) ,Qf;F] 5. bghUj;Jf. 1. jhs ; ? m) Fj;Jr;bro/ g[ju; Kjypatww; pd; mo 2. jzL; ? M) bel;o/ kpsfhar; ;bro Kjypatww; pd; mo 3. nfhy; ? ,) jz;L/ fPiu Kjypatww; pd; mo 4. J}W ? <) bey/; nfHt; uF Kjypatw;wpd; mo m) 1.< 2., 3.M 4.m M) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4?, ,) 1., 2.< 3.m 4.M <) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.< [tpil: m) 1.< 2., 3.M 4.m] ,ay; 1 6. bghUjJ; f. 1. jl;L ? m) fUkg; pd; mo 2. fHp ? M) gs[ p/ ntk;g[ Kjypatww; pd; mo 3. fiH ? ,) fk;g/[ nrhsk; Kjypatw;wpd; mo 4. mo ? <) @=;fpypd; mo m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M) 1., 2.m 3.< 4.M ,) 1.< 2., 3.m 4.M <) 1., 2.m 3.M 4.< [tpil: M) 1., 2.m 3.< 4.M] 7. bghUjJ; f. 1. fit ? m) mokuj;jpdpd;W gpupa[k; khbgUk; fpis 2. bfhk;g [ ? M) fpisapd; gpupt[ 3. rpid ? ,) fitapd; gpupt[ 4. nghjJ; ? <) rpidapd; gpupt[ m) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.< M) 1.< 2., 3.m 4.M ,) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., <) 1., 2.M 3.m 4.< [tpil: m) 1.m 2., 3.M 4.<] 8. bghUe;jhjtw;iwf; fz;lwpf. m) J}W M) fHp ,) fiH <) fit [tpil: <) fit] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 11 9. bghUe;jhjtwi; wf; fz;lwpf. m) jhs ; M) jz;L ,) fpis <) nfhy; [tpil: ,) fpis] 10. bghUej; hjtw;iwf; fz;lwpf. m) fit M) jl;L ,) bfhkg; [ <) rpid [tpil: M) jlL; ] 11. bghUej; hj ,iziaf; fz;lwpf. m) fit ? Frr; papd; gpupt[ M) bfhk;g[ ? fitapd; gpupt[ ,) nghjJ; ? rpidapd; gpupt[ <) Fr;rp ? nghj;jpd; gpupt[ [tpil: m) fit?Fr;rpapd; gpupt][ 12. ntWgll; FGtpidf; fzl; wpf. [tpil: <) fHp/ Fr;R/ ,QfF; / fiH] m) jhs/; jzL; / nfhy;/ J}W M) fit/ bfhkg; /[ fpis/ rpid ,) Rs;sp/ tpwF/ bt=f; Hp/ fl;il <) fHp/ FrR; / ,QfF; / fiH  13. bghUj;Jf. 1. ,iy ? m) bjd;id/ gid Kjypatww; pd; ,iy 2. jhs; ? M) nrhsk/; fk;g[ Kjypatw;wpd; mo 3. njhif ? ,) gs[ p/ ntk;g[ Kjypatww; pd; ,iy 4. Xiy ? <) bey;/ gy[ ; Kjypatw;wpd; ,iy m) 1.< 2., 3.m 4.M M) 1., 2.< 3.M 4.m ,) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., <) 1., 2.< 3.m 4.M [tpil: M) 1., 2.< 3.M 4.m] 14. bghUjj; kw;w xdi; wf; fzl; wpf. ,ay; 1 m) rzL; M) rUF ,) njhif <) fli; l [tpil: <) fl;il] 15. bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;lwpf. m) rz;L ? fha;e;j jhSk; njhifa[k; M) rUF ? fhae; ;j ,iy ,) jhs; ? g[yp/ ntk;g[ Kjypatw;wpd; ,iy <) njhif ? nrhsk;/ fkg; [ Kjypatw;wpd; ,iy  [tpil: ,) jhs; ? gy[ p/ ntk;g[ Kjypatww; pd; ,iy] 16. ntWgl;l FGtpidf; fzl; wpf. m) njhif/ Xiy/ rzL; / rUF M) Jspu/; Kwp/ bfhGe;J/ bfhGej; hil ,) g{k;gp+R; / gp+R; / tL/ fti; t <) fUff; y;/ fr;ry/; bfhjJ; / Fiy  [tpil: <) fUff; y;/ frr; y/; bfhj;J/ Fiy] 17. Jk;gp ? ,rb; rhyy; pd; bghUs; M) tz;L [tpil: M) tz;L] m) Jk;gpf;if <) Jdg; k ; ,) JeJ; gp www.tnpscjob.com

12 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ 18. jhtu=;fspd; ,iy tiffisf; FwpfF; k; brhw;fSs; ? rupahdtwi; wr; nju;eb; jL. m) ,iy/ jhs;/ njhif/ xiy/ rz;L/ rUF M) ,iy/ njhif/ jhs/; jspu;/ FUjJ; / mUkg; [ ,) jhs/; njhif/ J}W/ jlL; / jz;L/ Xiy <) ,iy/ jhs/; Xiy/ jspu/; bfhGe;J/ rzL; [tpil: m) ,iy/ jhs/; njhif/ xiy/ rzL; / rUF] 19. `ehLk; bkhHpak[ ; ekjpU fzf; s~; vdW; ghoatu; ahu>; m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) bgU+;rpjj; pudhu; <) njtneag; ghthzu; [tpil: m) ghujpahu]; 20. brhy;yhuhar; r; papy; ghthzUk; tpae;j bgUkfdhu; ahu;> m) njtneag; ghthzu; M) ,s=;Fkudhu; ,) jpU.tp.fypahzRe;judhu ; <) kiwkiyaofs; [tpil: M) ,s=;Fkudhu]; 21. ghthzu; E}yfk; xdi; w cUthf;fpatu; ahu;> m) njtneag; ghthzu; M) ,s=F; kudhu; ,) jpU.tp.f <) kiwkiyaofs; [tpil: M) ,s=;Fkudhu]; 22. jkpH;tHpj; jpUkz=;fis elj;jp tUgtu; ahu>; m) njtneag; ghthzu; M) bgU+r; pjj; pudhu; ,) ,s=;Fkudhu; <) bgUe;njtdhu ; [tpil: ,) ,s=F; kudhu]; 23. tpHpfis ,Hff; neupl;lhy; Tl jha;j;jkpHpid ,HeJ; tplf; TlhJ vdW; vz;zpatu; ahu;> m) $p. a[. nghg; M) tPukhKdptu; ,) ,s=F; kudhu; <) bgU=F; kudhu; [tpil: ,) ,s=F; kudhu]; 24. ,s=F; kudhu; ahu; nghy ,ikfis @oago vGJk; Mw;wiyf; fwW; f; bfhz;ltu>; m) jpU.tp.f M) ghthzu; ,ay; 1 ,) K.t <) $Pth [tpil: m) jpU.tp.f] 25. ,ikfis @oago vGJk; Mw;wiyf; fwW; fb; fhzl; tu; m) jkpHHfdhu ; M) mg;ghjJ; iuahu; ,) njtneag; ghthzu; <) ,uh.,s=F; kudhu; [tpil:<),uh.,s=F; kudhu;] 26. tpHpfis @oago vGJk; Mww; y; tha;e;jtu;fs; ............/ ............. m) jpU.tp.f./ ,s=;Fkudhu; M) jkpHHfdhu/; mg;ghj;Jiuahu; ,) njtneag; ghthzu/; fhy;Lbty; <) bgU+r; pj;jpudhu;/ Rej; udhu; [tpil: m) jpU.tp.f./ ,s=;Fkudhu]; 27. `jkpH;jb; jdw; y;~ vd;W nghww; g;gll; tu; ahu>; m) ,s=;Fkudhu; M) bgUen; jtdhu; ,) jpU.tp.f <) k.bgh.rp [tpil: ,) jpU.tp.f] 28. cyfpnyna xU bkhHpff; hf cyf khehL eljj; pa Kjy; ehL vJ> khehl;LfF; upa mkK; jy; bkhHpak[ ; jkpnH vdW; Twpatu; ahu>; m) knyrpah/ f. mg;ghjJ; iuahu; M) rp=;fg;g{u/; njtneag; ghthzu; ,) ,ej; pah/ ,s=F; kudhu ; <) fdlh/ $p.a.[ nghg; [tpil: m) knyrpah/ f. mgg; hj;Jiuahu]; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 13 29. `gd;bkhHpg; gy[ tu;~ vd;wiHff; g;gl;ltu; ahu>; m) f.mgg; hjJ; iuahu; M) njtneag; ghthzu; ,) ,s=F; kudhu; <) $p.a.[ nghg; [tpil: m) f.mgg; hjJ; iuahu]; 30. rk;gh beyy; pd; cs; tiffs; vj;jid> m) 30 M) 60 ,) 40 <) 80 [tpil: M) 60] 31. `bkhHp +hapW~ vd;wiHf;fgg; l;ltu; ahu;> m) f.mgg; hjJ; iu M) njtneag; ghthzu; ,) ,s=F; kudhu; <) $p.a.[ nghg;  [tpil: M) njtneag; ghthzu]; 32. `jkpH;rb; rhy; tsk~; vdD; k; flL; iu ,lk; bgw;Ws;s E}y; vJ> m) brhy;yha;tf[ ; flL; iufs/; njtneag; ghthzu; M) njtneak;/ ,s=;Fkudhu; ,) bkhHp kug/[ K.t <) Ma;tpay; bewpKiwfs;/ bghw;nfh   [tpil: m) brhy;yhat; [f; flL; iufs;/ njtneag; ghthzu]; 33. bghUj;jpf; fhlL; f. i) Rs;sp - 1. fhae; j; FrR; (Fr;rp) ii) tpwF - 2. fha;e;j rpWfpis iii) bt=;fHp - 3. fhae; j; bfhk;g[k; fitak[ ; moak[ ; iv) fli; l - 4. fhae; j; fHp m) 1/ 2/ 4/ 3 M) 2/ 1. 3/ 4 ,) 1/ 3/ 4/ 2 <) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 [tpil: m) 1/ 2/ 4/ 3] 34. bghUjj; pf; fhl;Lf. i) ,sePu; - 1. thiHg;gp+R; ,ay; 1 ii) EHha ; - 2. ,sbey; iii) fUff; y; - 3. ,skg; hf;F iv) fr;ry ; - 4. Kww; hj nj=;fha; m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1 ,) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 <) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] 35. bghUjj; pf; fhl;Lf. - R{l;odhy; gGjj; gp+R; [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1] i) rptpay ; - gjuha;g; nghd kpsfha; ii) mspay; - FSFSj;j gHk; iii) brhzL; - RU=;fpa gHk; iv) btk;gy ; M) 3, 2, 1, 4 m) 4, 3, 2, 1 <) 1, 3, 4, 2 ,) 1, 3, 4, 2 36. xU ehl;L tsjj; pwF; j; jf;fgona/ mee; hl;L kf;fSf;F vJ mike;jpUfF; k;> m) md;bghGff; k; M) mwpbthGff; k; ,) fsbthGff; k; <) fw;bghGff; k; [tpil: M) mwpbthGf;fk]; www.tnpscjob.com

14 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ 37. bre;jkpHr; ; brhw;gpwgg; pay; mfuKjypj; jpll; ,af;Feuhfg; gzpahww; patu; ahu>; m) njtneag; ghthzu; M) btsi; sthuzhu; ,) ,s=;Fkudhu; <) bgUe;njtdhu; [tpil: m) njtneag; ghthzu]; 38. cyfj; jkpH;f; fHfji; j epWtpj; jiytuhf ,Ue;jtu; ahu>; m) jdpehafk; mofs; M) njtneag; ghthzu; ,) ,s=F; kudhu; <) K. tujuhrdhu; [tpil: M) njtneag; ghthzu]; 39. nghu;rR; fPR ehlo; d; jiyefu; vJ> m) bygdhd; M) ypRgd; ,) bfa;nuh <) \\uhnu [tpil: M) ypRgd]; 40. ,ej; pa bkhHpfspnyna nkiy ehl;L vGjJ; Utpy; Kjypy; mr;nrwpa bkhHp vJ> m) ,e;jp M) jkpH; ,) bjY=;F <) t=f; hsk; [tpil: M) jkpH]; 41. fhu;oyh vd;Dk; nghur; ;RfrP pa E}y; jkpHpy; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gll; ijf; Fwpgg; pLtJ vJ> m) Mwhk; cyfj; jkpH; khehl;L kyu; M) ehd;fhk; cyfj; jkpH; khehl;L kyu; ,) brkb; khHp khehlL; kyu; <) jkpHpyf;fpa tuyhW K.t. [tpil: m) Mwhk; cyfj; jkpH; khehl;L kyu]; 42. bfhGej; hil vd;gJ ahJ> [tpil: <) fUkg; pd; Edpgg; Fjp] m) bey/; g[y; Mfpatww; pd; bfhGe;J M) g[sp/ ntk;g[ Kjypatw;wpd; bfhGe;J ,) bjdi; d/ gid Kjypatw;wpd; bfhGeJ; <) fUkg; pd; Edpgg; Fjp  ,ay; 1 FWtpdh 1. jhtujj; pd; mog;gFjpiaf; Fwpgg; jwf; hd brhw;fs; ahit> jhs/; jz;L/ nfhy;/ J}W/ jl;L/ fHp/ fiH/ mo. 2. jhtu=;fspd; moapypUeJ; gpupe;J bry;Yk; gpupt[fSfF; tH=f; gg; Lk; brhw;fs; ahit> fit/ bfhk;g/[ bfhgg; [/ fpis/ rpid/ nghj;J/ Fr;rp/ ,QfF; . 3. jhtu=;fspd; fhae; ;j gFjpfSfF; tH=f; gg; Lk; brhwf; s; ahit> Rss; p/ tpwF/ bt=f; Hp/ fli; l. 4. jhtu=;fspd; ,iy tiffisf; FwpfF; k; brhwf; s; ahit> ,iy/ jhs/; njhif/ Xiy/ rzL; / rUF. 5. jhtu=f; spd; Edpgg; Fjpiaf; FwpfF; k; brhw;fs; ahit> (bfhGeJ; tif) ŒŒ Jspu; myy; J jspu ;  FUjJ; ŒŒ Kwp my;yJ bfhGe;J  bfhGeJ; jhil 6. g{tpd; epiyfisf; FwpfF; k; brhw;fs; ahit> mUk;g/[ nghJ/ kyu/; tP/ brk;ky;. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 15 7. jhtu=f; spd; gp+;R tiffSfF; tH=f; g;gLk; brhw;fs; ahit> g{k;gp+;R/ gp+R; / tL/ @R/ ft;it/ FUk;ig/ KlL; f;FUk;ig/ ,sePu;/ EHha;/ fUf;fy;/ fr;ry.; 8. jhtu=f; spd; Fiy tiffisf; Fwpg;gjw;fhd brhw;fs; ahit> bfhj;J/ Fiy/ jhW/ fjpu/; myF myy; J Fuy/; rPg;g.[ 9. bflL; gn; ghd fha;f;Fk; fdpf;Fk; jhtujj; pw;nfwg; tH=;fg;gLk; brhwf; s; ahit> Nkg; y;/ rptpay;/ brhj;ij/ btkg; y;/ mspay/; mGfy/; brhz;L/ njiuf;fha;/ my;ypff; ha;/ xyy; pf;fha/; nfhll; hdf; ha; (m) Tifff; ha.; 10. gH=;fspd; nkw;gFjpapidf; Fwpf;f tH=;Fk; brhw;fs; ahit> bjhyp/ njhy/; njhL/ XL/ FLf;if/ kl;il/ ckp/ bfhki; k. 11. jhdpa=;fSfF; tH=;fg;gLk; brhw;fs; ahit> Tyk/; gaW/ fliy/ tpij/ fhH;/ Kj;J/ bfhl;il/ nj=;fha;/ Kjpiu. 12. jhtu=;fspd; ,sikg; bgau;fis vGJ. ehw;W/ fdW; / FUjJ; / gps;is/ Fl;o/ ig=;TH/; klyp (m) tlyp. 13. nfhJikapd; tiffspy; rpytwi; wf; TW. rk;ghf;nfhJik/ FzL; f;nfhJik/ thw;nfhJik. 14. rkg; h bey; tiffis vGJf. Mtpukg; {r;rkg; h/ Midf; bfhkg; d; rkg; h/ FzL; r; rk;gh/ Fjpiuthypr; rkg; h/ rpWkzprr; kg; h/ rPufrr; k;gh Kjypa mWgJ tiffs; rkg; htpy; cs;sd. 15. ,uh. ,s=;Fkudhupd; jkpHg; ;gzpiaj; juk; cau;j;jpa eyK; j;Jfs; ahit> ŒŒ ,yff; z tuyhW  ahgg; U=;fyk; ciu ŒŒ jkpHpir ,af;fk ;  g[wjj; pulL; ciu ŒŒ jdpjj; kpH; ,aff; k;  jpUfF; ws; jkpH; kugi[ u ŒŒ ghthzu; tuyhW  fhf;ifg; ghodpa ciu ,ay; 1 ŒŒ Fz;lynfrp ciu  njtneak; Kjypad ,uh. ,s=;Fkudhupd; jkpH;gg; zpiaj; juKauj; j; pa ey;KjJ; fshFk;. 16. cyfjj; kpH; khehL Fwpj;J f. mgg; hj;Jiuahu; TWtd ahit> ``cyfjj; pnyna xU bkhHpf;fhf cyf khehL elj;jpa Kjye; hL knyrpah. mkk; hehlL; f;Fupa Kjy; bkhHpak[ ; jkpnH-~~ vdW; f. mg;ghj;Jiuahu; TWfpd;whu.; rpWtpdh 1. njtneag;ghthzu; gw;wp ePtuP ; mwpej; twi; w vGJf. bgau ; : njtneag; ghthzu; rpwg;gg[ b; gau ; : bkhHp+hapW gilg;gf[ s; : ,yff; zf; flL; iufs;/ bkhHpahuhar; r; pf; flL; iufs;/ brhy;yhat; f[ ; flL; iufs;. gzp : bre;jkpHr; ; brhw;gpwg;gpay; mfu Kjypj; jpll; ,af;Feu/; cyfj; jkpHf; ; fHfj; jiytu; www.tnpscjob.com

16 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 2. ,uh. ,s=;Fkudhu; FwpjJ; etP Pu; mwpe;jtwi; wf; TWf. bgau ; : ,uh. ,s=F; kudhu; jkpHg; ;gw;W : tpHpfis ,Hff; neupll; hy;Tl jha;j;jkpHpid ,He;Jtplf; TlhJ vdw; hu;. jpU.tp.f tHp : jkpH;j;bjd;wy; jpU.tp.f. nghy; ,ikfis @oago vGJk; Mww; iyf; bfhz;ltu;. rpwe;j E}yf; s ; : ,yff; z tuyhW/ jkpHpir ,aff; k;/ jdpjj; kpH; ,af;fk;/ ghthzu; tuyhW/ Fzl; ynfrp ciu/ ahg;gU=f; yk; ciu/ jpUfF; ws; jkpH; kugi[ u/ g[wj;jpulL; ciu/ fhf;ifg; ghodpa ciu/ njtneak; gpw braj; pfs; : jpUts;Stu; jtrr; hiy kwW; k; ghthzu; E}yfj;ij mikjj; hu.; 3. fhu;oyh ? E}y; Fwpgg; [ tiuf. ŒŒ 1554?y; nghu;r;RfPR ehlo; y; jkpHpy; KjdK; jypy; bkhHpbgau;ff; gg; ll; E}y.; ŒŒ nuhkd; tuptotpy; mr;rplgg; ll; E}y.; ŒŒ ,jid Carthila de lingoa Tamul e Portugues vdg; u.; ŒŒ ,e;jpa bkhHpfSs; nkiy ehl;L bkhHpfspy; mrr; plgg; ll; Kjy; E}y; jkpHb; khHp E}ny. 4. veb; je;jj; jhtu=f; spd; mog;gFjp vd;bddd; bgau;fshy; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ vdg; glo; aypLf. ŒŒ jhs; ? bey;/ nfH;tuF Kjypatww; pd; mo ŒŒ jz;L ? fPiu/ thiHapd; mo ŒŒ nfhy; ? bel;o/ kpsfha;r; broapd; mo ŒŒ J}W ? Fj;Jrb; ro/ gj[ u; Kjypatww; pd; mo ŒŒ jl;L (m) jl;il ? fkg; [/ nrhsk; Kjypatw;wpd; mo ŒŒ fHp ? fUkg; pd; mo ŒŒ fiH ? @=f; pypd; mo ,ay; 1 ŒŒ mo ? gs[ p/ ntk;g[tpd; mo 5. jhtu=;fspd; moapypUe;J gpupeJ; bryY; k; gpupt[fSfF; tH=F; k; brhwf; isa[k; mit jhtu=f; spd; vgg; Fjpf;Fg; bghUeJ; k; vd;gijak[ ; vGJ. ŒŒ fit ? kuj;jpdpdW; gpupak[ ; khbgUk; fpis ŒŒ bfhk;g[ (m) bfhgg; [ ? fitapd; gpupt[ ŒŒ fpis ? bfhkg; pd; gpupt[ ŒŒ rpid ? fpisapd; gpupt[ ŒŒ nghj;J ? rpidapd; gpupt[ ŒŒ Frr; p ? nghjj; pd; gpupt[ ŒŒ ,QfF; ? Frr; papd; gpupt[ 6. veb; jej; j; jhtu=;fspd; ,iyfs; vd;bddd; bgau;fshy; miHf;fg;gLfpdw; d vdg; ijg; gl;oaypLf. ŒŒ g[sp/ ntk;g[ ? ,iy ŒŒ bjd;id/ gid ? Xiy ŒŒ bey;/ g[y; ? jhs; ŒŒ fhae; j; ,iy ? rUF ŒŒ nrhsk;/ fUk;g [ ? njhif www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 17 7. jhtu=f; spd; gp+R; tiffSfF; tH=;fgg; Lk; bgau;fisa[k; mit vj;jhtug; gp+R; fSf;Fg; bghUeJ; k; vdg; ijak[ ; TW. (g{kg; p+R; ?g{nthL Toa ,skg; p+R; / gp+;R ?,sk;fha); ŒŒ tL ? khkg; p+;R  ,sePu; ? Kww; hj nj=;fha; ŒŒ @R ? gyhgg; p+;R  EHha; ? ,sk;ghf;F ŒŒ ft;it ? vs; gp+R;  fUff; y; ? ,sbey; ŒŒ FUki; g ? bjdi; d/ gid gp+R;  fr;ry; ? thiHgg; p+R; 8. ve;bje;jj; jhtu=;fspd; Fiyfs; vdb; dd;d bgauf; shy; miHf;fg;gLfpdw; d vdg; glo; aypLf. ŒŒ bfhj;J ? mtiu/ Jtiu  fjpu; ? nfH;tuF/ nrhsf; fjpu; ŒŒ Fiy ? bfho Ke;jpup  myF (m) Fuy; ? bey;/ jpidf; fjpu; ŒŒ jhW ? thiHf;Fiy  rPg;g[ ? thiHj; jhw;wpd; gFjp 9. bflL; g;nghd fha;fF; k; fdpf;Fk; jhtujj; pwn; fwg; tH=;fgg; Lk; bgau;fs; ahit> ŒŒ Nkg; y; ? Edpapy; RU=f; pa fha; ŒŒ rptpay; ? RU=f; pa gHk; ŒŒ brhj;ij ? gG[ g{rr; p mupj;j fha; (m) fdp ŒŒ btk;gy ; ? Nl;odhy; gGj;j gp+;R ŒŒ mspay; ? FSFSjj; gHk; ŒŒ mGfy ; ? FSFSjJ; ehwpa gHk; (m) fha; ŒŒ brhzL; ? gjwhag; ; nghd kpsfha; ŒŒ nfhlhdf; ha; (m) Tiff;fha ; ? nfhll; hd; mkue; j; jpdhy; bfll; fha; ŒŒ njiuff; ha ; ? njiu mku;e;jjpdhy; bfll; fha; ŒŒ myy; pff; ha; ? njiu mkhej; jpdhy; bfl;l nj=f; ha; ŒŒ xyy; pff; ha ; bjd;idapy; bfl;l fha; 10. gH=;fspd; nkw;gFjpapidf; Fwpff; mtw;wpd; jd;ikfn; fw;g jhtu=;fSfF; tH=;fgg; Lk; ,ay; 1 brhwf; is vGJf. ŒŒ bjhyp ? kpf bky;ypaJ  FLf;if ? Riuapd; XL ŒŒ njhy; ? jpzz; khdJ  kl;il ? nj=;fha; bew;wpd; nkwg; Fjp ŒŒ njhL ? tdi; kahdJ  ckp ? bey/; fkg; [ Mfpatw;wpd; @o ŒŒ XL ? kpf td;ikahdJ  bfhki; k ? tuF/ nfH;tuF ckp 11. jhdpa=;fSfF; j; jhtuj;jpw;nfw;g tH=;fgg; Lk; brhw;fs; ahit> ŒŒ Tyk; ? bey/; g[y; jhdpa=;fs; ŒŒ gaW ? mtiu/ cSeJ; ŒŒ fliy ? ntuf; ;fliy ŒŒ tpij ? fj;jup/ kpsfha; tpj;J/ bfhz;ilf; fliy ŒŒ fhH ; ? gs[ p/ fh+r; piu tpjJ; ŒŒ KjJ; ? ntkg; /[ MkzfF; tpjJ; ŒŒ bfhli; l ? kh/ gid tpjJ; ŒŒ nj=f; ha ; ? bjd;id tpj;J ŒŒ Kjpiu ? mtiu/ Jtiu gaWfs; www.tnpscjob.com

18 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ 12. jhtu=f; spd; ,sk; gUtj;jpw;fhd brhw;fisak[ ; mjwF; upa jhtu=;fspd; bgauf; isak[ ; vGJ. ŒŒ ehw;W ? bey/; fjj; pupapd; ,sepiy ŒŒ fd;W ? kh/ gs[ p/ thiHapd; ,sepiy ŒŒ FUj;J ? thiHapd; ,sepiy ŒŒ gpsi; s ? bjd;idapd; ,sepiy ŒŒ Flo; ? tpshtpd; ,sepiy ŒŒ klyp (m) tlyp ? gidapd; ,sepiy ŒŒ ig=;TH; ? bey;/ nrhsjj; pd; ,sepiy 13. jkpH;r; brhy; tsk; FwpjJ; fhyL; bty; Fwpgg; pLk; fUji; j vGJf. ŒŒ jkpHy;yhj jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; mfuhjpfis Muha[kn; ghJ/ jkpHpYs;s xUbghUl; gybrhy; tupirfs; mtw;wpy; ,y;yhfF; iw ve;jj; jkpHwp+uf; ;Fk; kpfj; bjspthfj; njhdW; k;. ŒŒ jkpHpy; kl;Lk; gadg; Lj;jg;glL; j; jkpGf;nf rpwg;ghf cupadthff; fUjgg; Lk; brhwf; s; klL; kdw; pj; bjY=;F/ fdd; lk; Kjypa gpw jpuhtpl bkhHpfSf;Fupadthff; fUjgg; Lk; brhw;fSk; jkpHpy;cs vd;fpwhu; fhy;Lbty.; 14. vtwi; w mikj;Jf;bfhst; J/ rpwej; kjpElg; Kk; gzg; hLk; cila kff; ln; f ,aYk>; ŒŒ jpUej; pa kf;fis kww; capupdpd;Wk; gpupj;Jf; fhlL; tJ bkhHpahjypd/; mJnt xU ehl;lhupd; my;yJ ,dj;jhupd; ehfupfj;ij mse;jwptjw;Fk; rpwe;j tHpahFk.; ŒŒ bghUisf; Tue; ;J nehf;fp Ez;ghFghL bra;J mtw;wpw;nfwg; g; gUg;bghUl; brhw;fSk/; Ezb; ghUlb; rhw;fSk; mikjJ; f;bfhst; J/ rpwej; kjpElg; Kk; gzg; hLk; cila kff; l;nf ,aYk.; ,ay; 1 15. gH=;fhyjj; py; tpisej; mst[ ,ff; hyjj; py; tpisahjit vit> tpise;J tUgit vit> gH=f; hyj;jpy; tpisej; mst[ bghd;Dk; kzpak[ ; KjJ; k; gtsKk; ,dW; tpisahtpoDk; mUikahd Ty=;fSk; rpWTy=f; Sk; ,d;Wk; bjd;wkpH; ehl;oy; tpise;J tUfpd;wd. beLtpdh 1. jkpH/; brhy; tsKilabjdW; k; jkpH;ehL bghUs; tsKilabjdW; k; bjspthf tps=F; tjwf; hd fhuz=f; s; rpytw;iwj; bjhFj;bjGJf. Fwpg;g[r; rl;lk; KdD; iu jhtu=f; spd; mogg; Fjpg; bgau; mog;gFjpgpupt[ bgau; jhtu ,iyg; bgau; jhtu=;fspd; gp+R; tifg; bgau; jhtu=;fspd; Fiyg; bgau; bflL; gn; ghd fha/; fdpgb; gau; Kot[iu www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 19 KdD; iu: jkpH/; brhy; tsKilaJ/ jkpHe; hL bghUs; tsKilaJ vdg; ijg; ghthzu;/ brhyy; ha;tf[ ; fl;Liufs; vdw; E}ypy/; `jkpH;r; brhy;tsk;~ vdD; k; flL; iuapy; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhu;. jhtu=f; spd; mogg; Fjpg; bgau:; ŒŒ jhs; ? bey/; nfHt; uF Kjypatw;wpd; mo ŒŒ jz;L ? fPiu/ thiHapd; mo ŒŒ nfhy ; ? belo; / kpsfha;r; broapd; mo ŒŒ J}W ? Fj;Jr;bro/ g[ju; Kjypatww; pd; mo ŒŒ jl;L (m) jli; l ? fk;g/[ nrhsk; Kjypatww; pd; mo ŒŒ fHp ? fUkg; pd; mo ŒŒ fiH ? @=f; pypd; mo ŒŒ mo ? gs[ p/ ntkg; [tpd; mo mogg; Fjpgpupt[ bgau:; ? kujj; pdpd;W gpupak[ ; khbgUk; fpis ? fitapd; gpupt[ ŒŒ fit ? bfhk;gpd; gpupt[ ŒŒ bfhkg; [ (m) bfhgg; [ ? fpisapd; gpupt[ ŒŒ fpis ? rpidapd; gpupt[ ŒŒ rpid ? nghj;jpd; gpupt[ ŒŒ nghj;J ? Fr;rpapd; gpupt[ ŒŒ Frr; p ŒŒ ,Qf;F jhtu ,iyg; bgau;: ? ,iy ,ay; 1 ? Xiy ŒŒ gs[ p/ ntk;g[ ? jhs; ŒŒ bjd;id/ gid ? rUF ŒŒ bey;/ g[y; ? njhif ŒŒ fhae; j; ,iy ŒŒ nrhsk/; fUkg; [ jhtu=f; spd; gp+;Rtifg; bgau;: (g{kg; p+R; ?g{nthL Toa ,skg; p+;R/ gp+;R ?,skf; ha); ŒŒ tL ? khkg; p+;R  ,sePu; ? Kww; hj nj=f; ha; ŒŒ @R ? gyhg;gp+R;  EHha; ? ,sk;ghfF; ŒŒ fti; t ? vs; gp+R;  fUf;fy; ? ,sbey; ŒŒ FUk;ig ? bjd;id/ gid gp+;R  frr; y; ? thiHgg; p+;R jhtu=f; spd; Fiyg; bgau;:  fjpu; ? nfH;tuF/ nrhsf; fjpu;  myF (m) Fuy; ? bey/; jpidf; fjpu; ŒŒ bfhjJ; ? mtiu/ Jtiu  rPgg; [ ? thiHj; jhww; pd; gFjp ŒŒ Fiy ? bfho Ke;jpup ŒŒ jhW ? thiHfF; iy bflL; gn; ghd fha/; fdpgb; gau;: ŒŒ Nk;gy; ? Edpapy; RU=f; pa fha; ŒŒ rptpay; ? RU=;fpa gHk; www.tnpscjob.com

20 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ŒŒ brhji; j ? gG[ g{rr; p mupj;j fha; (m) fdp Nlo; dhy; gGjj; gp+R; ŒŒ btk;gy; ? FSFSjj; gHk; FSFSjJ; ehwpa gHk; (m) fha; ŒŒ mspay; ? gjwhag; ; nghd kpsfha; nfhll; hd; mkue; ;jjpdhy; bfl;l fha; ŒŒ mGfy; ? njiu mku;e;jjpdhy; bfl;lfha; njiu mkhej; jpdhy; bfll; nj=f; ha; ŒŒ brhzL; ? bjdi; dapy; bfl;l fha; ŒŒ nfhlhdf; ha; (m) Tiff;fha ; ? ŒŒ njiuff; ha; ? ŒŒ myy; pff; ha ; ? ŒŒ xyy; pf;fha ; Kot[iu: nkw;Fwpj;j bgauf; s; @yk/; jkpHpd; brhyt; sji; ja[k; jkpHe; hl;od; bghUs; tsj;ija[k; edF; mwpa Kofpdw; J. fw;git fww; gpd; gf;fk;: 8 1. gpd;tUk; epytiffspd; bgau;fSff; hd fhuz=f; isf; nfl;lwpe;J tFgg; iwapy; gfpu;f. jupR/ rpty/; fupry;/ Kukg; [/ gw[ k;nghf;F/ Rty/; mty;. jupR epyk ; : gapu; bra;ahj epyk; rpty; epyk ; : bre;epyk; myy; J rptej; epyk; fupry; epyk ; : fupa epwKila kz; bfhzl; epyk; fupry; epyk; (m) fupej; ghiy epyk; Kuk;g[ epyk ; : gUfi; ff; fw;fs; bfhz;l nklL; epyk; gw[ k;nghfF; epyk ; : Cug; ;gw[ jn; j Fofs; thHj; ypyy; hj epyk; Rty; epyk ; : nklL; epyk; mty; epyk ; : `mty~; vd;gjd; bghUs; `gss; k~; . Mfnt gs;skhd epyg;gFjp mty; ,ay; 1 vd miHf;fg;gLfpwJ. tpis epykhft[k; mikfpwJ. 2. xU bghUs; jUk; gy brhwf; isg; gl;oaypLf. v.fh: brhy;Yjy; ? ngRjy/; tpsk;g[jy/; brg;g[jy/; ciuj;jy;/ Twy;/ ,ak;gy/; bkhHpjy; m) kyu;jy; ? mtpH;jy/; myu;jy;/ befpH;jy;/ tpss; y;/ tpupjy;. M) +hapW ? Nupad;/ fjputd/; btan; ahd/; gfytd;/ gupjp. ,) murd; ? nfh/ bfhw;wtd;/ ntej; d;/ uh$h/ nfhd;. <) mHF ? mzp/ tot/[ bghypt[/ vHpy;. c) mo ? fHy;/ fhy/; jhs;/ gjk/; ghjk.; C) jP ? mf;fpdp/ beUg;g[/ jHy.; v) mrr; k; ? gak/; gPjp/ clF; . V) Jd;gk; ? ,dd; y/; myy; y;/ ,Lk;ig I) md;g[ ? fUiz/ nerk;/ <uk/; gupt/[ gw;W. x) bra;a[s; ? gh/ ftpij/ ahgg; [. X) bgz; ? e=i; f/ tdpij/ k=;if. xs) tay; ? fHdp/ gHdk/; bra.;  www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 21 ,ay; bkhHp ftpijg; ngiH 1 ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; rej; f;ftpkzp jkpHHfdhu; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. `bkj;j tzpfyd~; vdD; k; bjhlupy; jkpHHfdhu; Fwpgg; pLtJ m) tzpff; fgg; yf; Sk; Ik;bgUk; fhg;gpa=;fSk; M) bgUk; tzpfKk; bgUk; fydf; Sk; ,) Ikb; gUk; fhgg; pa=f; Sk; mzpfydf; Sk; <) tzpff; fg;gy;fSk; mzpfyd;fSk;  [tpil: m) tzpff; fg;gy;fSk; Ikb; gUk; fhg;gpa=f; Sk]; FWtpdh 1. jw;fhy ciueilapy; rpnyil mika[k; eaj;jpw;F Xu; vLj;Jff; hl;Lj; jUf. ,ay; 1 xU brhyn; yh/ brhw;bwhlnuh ,UbghUsg; l tUtJ ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; mzp vd;gu.; ,jid rpnyil mzp vdW; k; miHgg; u;. v.fh: rPdpthrd; ghwf; lypy; Japy;bfhsf; pwhd.; ?,j;bjhlu; vt;tpj khww; Kkpd;wp ,uzL; tpjkhd bghUisj; jUfpwJ. ŒŒ rPdpapy; (ru;f;fiu) thrk; braa; k[ ; vWk;g[ ghypy; ,we;J kpjf;fpwJ. ŒŒ rPdpthrfdhfpa jpUkhy; ghwf; lypy; Japy;bfhsf; pwhu;. rpWtpdh 1. jkpHHfdhu; jkpiHa[k; fliya[k; ,ul;LwbkhHpak[ ; gh=f; pid tpsfF; f. ghly; mofs; jkpH; fly; Kj;jkpH; Jag; ;gjhy; ,ay/; ,ir/ ehlfk; Mfpa Kjj; pid mkpHe; J; jUfpwJ. Kj;jkpHha; tsu;ej; J. Krr; =;fk; fz;ljhy; Kjy/; ,il/ fil Mfpa btz;r=;F/ ry+r; yk;/ Krr; =f; =;fshy; tsu;f;fgg; ll; J. gh+;rrd;ak; Mfpa @dW; tifahd r=;Ffisj; jUfpwJ. bkjj; tzpfyKk; Ik;bgU=;fhgg; pa=f; s; kpFjpahd tzpff; fg;gyf; s; teJ; brd;wJ. nktjhy; mzpfydhag; ; bgww; J. (bkj;j mzpfyd); epj;jk; miz r=f; g;gyifapy; mkue; J; jd; miyahy; r=;fpidj; jLj;J fple;nj r=;fjj; tu; r=f; g;g[ytuf; s; ghJfhj;jdu;. epWj;jpf; fhj;jJ. fhff; www.tnpscjob.com

22 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. `jkpH;/ MHp ,uzL; fF; k; bghUsg; Lk; goahd~ ? ,ul;Lw bkhHpjyzp mika ghoa Mrpupau; ahu;> m) njtneag; ghthzu; M) ghtynuW bgU+r; pjj; pudhu; ,) jkpHHfdhu; <) vHpy; Kjyt; d; [tpil: ,) jkpHHfdhu]; 2. fly; jUk; r=F; fspd; tiffs; vjj; id> m) ,uz;L M) @dW; ,) ehd;F <) IeJ; [tpil: M) @d;W] 3. fly; jd; miyahy; vijj; jLj;J epWjj; pf; fhf;fpwJ> m) kzy; M) r=F; ,) fgg; y; <) kPdtu;fs ; [tpil: M) r=F; ] 4. Kj;jpidak[ ; mkpH;jpida[k; jUtjhfr; rej; f;ftpkzp jkpHHfdhu; Fwpg;gpLtJ vij> m) @=f; py; M) fly; ,) kiH <) njtuf; s; [tpil: M) fly]; 5. jkpH; mzpfyd;fshfg; bgw;wit vit> m) r=f; ,yff; pa=;fs; M) Ikb; gU=;fhg;gpa=f; s; ,) I+r; pW fhgg; pa=f; s; <) ePjp ,yf;fpa=;fs;   [tpil: M) Ik;bgU=f; hgg; pa=;fs]; ,ay; 1 6. ,ulL; wbkhHpjy; mzpapd; ntWbgau; ahJ> [tpil: <) rpnyil mzp] m) ntw;Wik mzp M) gpwpJbkhHpjy; mzp ,) brhw;bghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp <) rpnyil mzp 7. xU brhyn; yh/ brhw;bwhlnuh ,UbghUsg; l tUtJ vJ> m) ,ulL; wbkhHpjy; mzp M) ntw;Wik mzp ,) ctik mzp <) cUtf mzp  [tpil: m) ,ul;LwbkhHpjy; mzp] 8. re;jff; tpkzp vdf; Fwpgg; plgg; Lk; jkpHHfdhupd; ,awb; gau; vdd; > m) rzK; fkzp M) rzK; fRej; uk; ,) +hdRej; uk; <) MWKfk; [tpil: M) rzK; fRej; uk]; 9. jkpHHfdhu; vj;jid rpw;wpyf;fpa E}y;fisg; giljJ; ss; hu>; m) gjJ; M) gd;dpuzL; ,) gjpdhd;F <) gjpdhW [tpil: M) gdd; puzL; ] 10. Kjj; kpH; Ja;g;gjhy; vd;Dk; ghly; ,lk; bgwW; ss; bjhFgg; [ ahJ> m) vlL; j;bjhif M) gj;Jgg; hl;L ,) rpww; pyf;fpa=f; s; <) jdpg;ghly; jpul;L [tpil: <) jdpg;ghly; jpul;L] www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 23 FWtpdh 1. Ikb; gU=;fhg;gpa=;fs; ahit> rpyg;gjpfhuk;/ kzpnkfiy/ rPtfrpej; hkzp/ tisahgjp/ Fzl; ynfrp. 2. flypypUeJ; fpilf;Fk; bghUlf; s; ahit> ŒŒ Kj;Jk/; mkpHj; Kk; fpilf;fpwJ. ŒŒ btz;r=F; / ry+;ryk;/ gh+;rrd;ak; Mfpa @d;W tifahd r=;Ffs; fpilf;fpwd. 3. jkpH;bkhHp FwpjJ; jkpHHfdhu; Twpa braj; p ahJ> ŒŒ jkpH; ,ay;/ ,ir/ ehlfk; Kjj; kpHha; tsu;e;jJ. ŒŒ Kjy;/ ,il/ fil Mfpa Krr; =f; =;fshy; tsuf; f; g;gl;lJ. ŒŒ Ikb; gU=; fhg;gpa=;fis mzpfydf; shfg; bgw;wJ. ŒŒ r=f; g;gy[ tuf; shy; fhf;fg;gll; J. 4. ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; mzp vdw; hy; vdd; > mjd; ntWbgau; ahJ> ŒŒ xU brhyn; yh brhw;bwhlnuh ,UbghUsg; l tUtJ ,ul;LwbkhHpjy; mzp vdg;gLk;. ŒŒ ntWbgau; ? rpnyil mzp. 5. rpnyilfs; vj;jid tifgg; Lk>; mit ahit> rpnyilfs; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. mit: ŒŒ brkb; khHpr; rpnyil ŒŒ gpupbkhHpr; rpnyil fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk:; 10 1. m) fhiy neuk; xU epfH;rr; pf;fhfj; bjhlut; z;oapy; teJ; ,w=;fpdhu; jkpHwp+u; fp.th. ,ay; 1 $fee; hjd.; mtiu khiyaplL; tuntw;wdu.; mg;nghJ fp.th.$./ ``mlnl- fhiyapnyna khiyak[ ; teJ; tpl;lnj-~~ vdw; hu;. vy;nyhUk; me;jr; brhy;ypd; rpnyilr; rpwg;ig kpft[k; Ritj;jdu.; M) ,ir tpkuprfu; Rg;g[Ltpd; tpkuprd=;fspy; eakhd rpnyilfs; fhzg;gLk.; xU Kiw xU bgupa tpj;JthDila ,irepfH;r;rpia tpkur; dk; bra;ak[ ; nghJ mtu; Fwpg;gpll; J: ``md;W fr;nrupapy; mtUila fhjpYk; fk;ky;/ FuypYk; fk;ky;.~~ ,) jkpHwp+u; fp.M.bg. tpRtehjd; gy; kUjJ; tj;jpy; rpwg;gg[ ; gll; k; bgw;w ez;gu; xUtiu mwpKfk; braJ; itj;jnghJ ``,tu; gy;Jiw tpj;jfu;~~ vdW; Fwpgg; pl;lhu.; ,itnghd;w gy rpnyilg; ngr;Rfis eP=f; s; nfl;oUg;guP ;fs.; mtw;iwj; bjhFj;Jr; brhye; a=;fisg; gjpt[ bra;J fye;JiuahLf. Mrpupau ; : ,d;W tFgg; pw;F gj[ pjhf tej; khztd; v=n; f> khztd ; : ,njh/ cs;nsd; Iah. (khztd; tFgg; pd; filrp ,Uf;ifapypUe;J TWfpwhd;) Mrpupau ; : cd; bgau; vdd; > khztd ; : ftpaurd;. Mrpupau ; : mg;goahdhy; cdfF; ,Uf;f ntz;oa ePzl; thiya[k; Tu;ikahd ef=;fisak[ ; fhztpyi; yna. www.tnpscjob.com

24 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ [khztu;fs; midtUk; fhuzk; g[upahky; rpupff; pd;wdu;. mjwF; Mrpupau; Twpa tpsf;fk; gpd;tUkhW mikej; J.] `ftp vd;why; Fu=;F vdW; ,db; dhU bghUSk; czL; . Mfntjhd; eP Fu=;Ffspd; murdhdhy; cd; thiyak[ /; Tupa ef=f; isa[k; v=n; f vdn; wd~; vd tpsff; pdhu.; 2. bkhHpapd; rpwgg; [fisg; ghLk; ftpijfSs; c=;fSfF; g; gpojj; twi; w tFg;giwapy; gojJ; f;fhl;Lf. thH;f epuej; uk;- thHf; jkpHb; khHp-- thHpa thHpant- thdk ; msej; tzb; khHp thHpant ? thH;f VHf; ly; itg;gpDk; jd;kzk ; trP p ,irbfhzL; thHpant vdb; wd;Wk; thHpant ? thH;f thH;f jkpHb; khHp thHf; jkpH;bkhHp thHf; jkpH;bkhHpna thdk; mwpe;j midjJ; k; mwpej; pLk; tsub; khHp thHpant- thHpant- ? ghujpahu; thHpant- thHpant- ,ay; 1  www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 25 ,ay; bkhHp tpupthdk; ciueilapd; mzpeyd;fs; 1 vHpy; Kjyt; d; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; beLtpdh 1. xU gf;f mstpy; ciuahly; vGJf. NHy; ? btspehl;oypUeJ; c=f; s; ,yy; jj; pw;F tej; pUfF; k; cwtpdupd; kfSf;Fj; jkpH; bkhHpiag; ngr kl;Lnk bjupa[k.; M=f; py ,yf;fpak; goj;j mtuplk; jkpH; ciueilapd; rpwgg; [g; gww; p ciuahLjy.; g=;FbgWnthu; ? jkpHd;/ cwtpdu; kfs; cwtpdu; kfs ; : tzff; k; Iah. jkpHd; : tzf;fk; cwtpdu; kfs ; : ciuahly;/ ciueil vdw; hy; vdd; > jkpHd ; : ePak[ ; ehDk; ngrpdhy; ciuahly;. mijna vGjpdhy; ciueil. cwtpdu; kfs; : ciueil tsu;rr; p gww; p c=f; s; fUjJ; ahJ> jkpHd ; : ciueilapy; vJif nkhid nghdw; mzpfnsh ,y;iy. Mdhy; mLf;F bkhHpfs; cz;L. ftpijahdJ braw;ifj; jdi; k bfhz;lJ. ciueilnah ,ay;ghd xG=f; py; mikak[ .; cwtpdu; kfs; : jkpH; ciueilapd; ntW tiffs; czl; h> jkpHd ; : cz;L. bghJthf ciueilapid MW gpuptf[ shfg; gpupff; yhk.; tpsf;f ,ay; 1 ciueil/ msit ciueil/ vLj;Jiu ciueil/ tUzid ciueil/ ehlf ciueil/ rpe;jid ciueil. cwtpdu; kfs; : vdfF; tUzid ciueiliag; gww; p Tw Koak[ h> jkpHd; : TWfpnwd;. tUzid ciueil vd;gJ g[yDzu;t[ mDgt=;fis tUzidahf tptupgg; J. kff; s/; capupd=f; s/; bghUs;fs; Mfpatwi; w tUzpgg; J. cwtpdu; kfs ; : ciueilapy; Xir ,d;gk; Vwg; Lkh> jkpHd ; : vJif/ nkhidr; brhwf; is kpFjpahfg; gadg; Ljj; p ciuahrpupauf; s; gyu; ciubaGjp css; du;. vLj;Jff; hl;lhf ,uh. gp. nrJgps;isapd; jkpHpdg; k; vdD; k; E}iyf; Twyhk;. cwtpdu; kfs ; : ciueilapy; ,yff; pa cj;jpfs; cz;lh> jkpHd; : czL; . K.t. ciueilapy; ctik/ vJif/ nkhid brhy;yhl;rp nghd;w ehdF; cyf cj;jpfisf; ifahzL; s;shu;. cwtpdu; kfs ; : ciueilapy; nkhid eak; cs;sjh> jkpHd; : css; J. rhdw; hf/ ,uh.gp. nrJgps;isapd; `jkpH; tpUeJ; ~ vdD; k; E}ypy; `fiyak[ ; fwg; idak[ ;~ vd;w jiygg; py; mike;j fl;Liuapy;/ www.tnpscjob.com

26 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ `kiyapny kiH bghHpeJ; bts;sk; bgh=;fp vGfpd;wJ. mUtpaha; tpGeJ; Mwha; gha;fpwJ~ vd;gij mwpa KofpwJ. cwtpdu; kfs; : nkhida[k/; ,iag[k; tUtJnghy; ciueil brhyY; =;fs; Iah- jkpHd ; : brhy;fpnwd.; ,uh.gp.nrJgpsi; sapd; `ckWgg; [ytu~; vDk; flL; iuapy/; ghz;oa ehl;oy; gUtkiH bga;ahJ xHpej; J/ g+r; k; te;jJ/ grp neha[k; kpFe;jJ. cwtpdu; kfs ; : Iah filrpahf/ Kuz; eak; gw;wp klL; k; TW=f; s; Iah- jkpHd ; : Kuz; vdg; J Kuz;gll; ,uzL; r; brhw;fs; mUfUnf mLf;fp tUjy.; ,uh.gp.nrJgpsi; sapd; `CUk; ngUk~; vd;Dk; E}ypy/; thHt; [k; jhHt; k[ ; ehL efu=f; Sk; cz;L. rPUk; rpwgg; [k; cw;W tps=f; pa rpy efu=;fs; ,ff; hyj;jpy; gi[ fgoej; Xtpa=;fs; nghy; bghyptpHeJ; css; J. cwtpdu; kfs ; : kpf;f ed;wp Iah. j=;fsplkpUeJ; ciueilapd; rpwg;gpid ed;F mwpeJ; bfhz;nld;. jkpHd; : tzff; k;- TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. Kjy; jkpHf; f; zpdp cUthf;fgg; l;l Mz;L m) 1983 M) 1938 ,) 1893 <) 1980 [tpil: m) 1983] 2. Kjy; jkpH;f; fzpdpf;Fr; Nl;lg;gll; bgau; m) jpUtsS; tu ; M) bjhy;fhgg; pau; ,) mfjj; pau ; <) fk;gu; [tpil: m) jpUtsS; tu]; ,ay; 1 3. gj[ pa ciueil vd;Dk; E}ypid vGjpatu; m) f. mg;ghJiu M) vHpy; Kjyt; d; ,) ghthzu ; <) ,s=F; kudhu; [tpil: M) vHpy; Kjyt; d]; 4. vHpy; Kjyt; dpd; ,aw;bgau; M) f. mg;ghJiu [tpil: m) kh. ,uhkyp=;fk]; m) kh. ,uhkyp=;fk; <) ,s=;Fkudhu ; ,) ghthzu; 5. vHpy; Kjy;tdpd; rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp gupR bgw;w E}y; m) g[jpa ciueil M) ,dpf;Fk; epidt[fs; ,) ahJkhfp epd;wha; <) v=;bf=;F fhzpDk; [tpil: m) gj[ pa ciueil] 6. vHpy; Kjyt; d; fww; y; fwg; pj;jy; gzpia nkwb; fhzl; fyY; }up m) g[Jff; y;Y}up M) khepyf; fy;Y}up ,) ,uhzp nkupff; y;Y}up <) Fle;ij muR Mltu; fy;Y}up [tpil: M) khepyf; fy;Y}up] 7. r=f; g; gy[ tuplk; ,izaj; jkpHd; vt;tpyf;fpa=;fisf; FwpjJ; ciuahof; bfhz;oUej; hd;> m) r=f; ,yff; pak; M) gfj; p ,yff; pak; ,) ciueil ,yf;fpak; <) rpw;wpyff; pak;  [tpil: ,) ciueil ,yf;fpak]; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 27 8. ``ctikak[ ; bghUSk; ntwW; ik xHptpj;J xdb; wd khl;od; mJ cUtfkhFk~; ~ ? vdw; tu; m) bjhy;fhg;gpau; M) gtzj;jpahu; ,) jzo; <) mfj;jpau; [tpil: ,) jz;o] 9. ``,aw;if gjpj;J itjj; ,uz;L bgupa epiyf; fz;zhofisg; nghy; tlgw[ Kk; bjdg; w[ Kk; euP ; epiwej; fzk; haf; s~; ~ vd;W Fwp+r; pkyu; E}ypy; eh. ghu;j;jrhujp gadg; Lj;jpa eak; m) ctik M) cUtfk; ,) vLj;Jf;fhlL; ctikazp <) rpww; pyf;fpak; [tpil: m) ctik] 10. v Lj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazpia ciueilapy; gadg; Lj;Jifapy; mjid vg;go miHg;gu;> m) ,yf;fiz M) ,iz xg;g[ ,) Kuzg; L bka;ki; k <) brhyK; uz; [tpil: M) ,iz xg;g][ 11. Foirapd; xUgff; k; nfhg[u=;fs; kWgff; k;\" grpjj; tapWfs; xU gf;fk; g[spr; nrg;gff; huuf; s; kWgf;fk\"; bkypej; vYkg; f[ ; TLfs; xUgff; k; gUj;j bjhej; pfs; kWgff; k; ? njhHu; g. $Pthde;jk; ciueil vjw;F vLjJ; f;fhl;L> m) vjpupiz ,iag[ M) Kuzg; L bkak; ;ik ,) ,yff; iz <) brhy;Kuz; [tpil: m) vjpupiz ,iag][ 12. czut; [fisj; J}z;o vGgg; [tjpy; btw;wpbgWtd> m) ctikia tpl cUtfnk M) cUtfji; j tpl ctikna ,) vJifia tpl nkhidna <) nfst; papny gjpy; ,Ug;gJ nghy  [tpil: m) ctikia tpl cUtfnk] beLtpdh 1. czur; ;rpfisf; fhl;l ctik bfhzl; bkhHpeilna Vww; fUtp vdg; ij epWtf[ : ,ay; 1 Fwpgg; [r; rl;lk; KdD; iu Fwp+r; pkyu; vdD; k; E}ypy; eh. ghuj; j; rhujp mwp+u; mzz; htpd; ciueil vLjJ; ff; hl;L ctik mzpak[ ; ,iz xg;g[k; kiHa[k; g[aYk; vd;Dk; E}ypy; t. uhkrhkp KdD; iu: czu;rr; pfisf; fhll; ctik bfhz;l bkhHpeilna Vw;w fUtpahf tps=F; tjhy; jwf; hyjj; pYk; ,jidg; gad;gLjJ; tijg; gy ,yf;fpa=f; spy; fhz KofpwJ. Fwp+r; pkyu; vdD; k; E}ypy; eh. ghuj; ;jrhujp: `jpUg;gu=;Fd;wj;jpd; mHifg; ghug; g; jwb; fd;nw ,aw;if gjpjJ; itjj; ,uzL; bgupa epiyf; fzz; hofisg; nghy; tlg[wKk; bjdg; [wKk; ePu; epiwej; fz;khaf; s~; vd;W/ `Fwp+;rp kyu;~ vdD; k; E}ypy; eh. ghuj; ;jrhujp ctikiag; gadg; Lj;jpas[ s; hu;. ,ff; hy ,yff; pa=f; spy; ctikia tpl cUtfnk czu;t[fisj; J}z;o vGgg; [tjpy; btw;wp bgWfpd;wJ. `Kfepytpy; tpau;it KjJ; fs; Jspu;jj; d~ vd;W cUtfkhf vGJfpwhuf; s;. mwp+u; mz;zhtpd; ciueil: `fskg; f[ j; JojJ; epd;w cdfF; / btw;wprr; hW fpilj;Jtpll; J/ cz;L kfpH;ej; ha; cd; g[d;dif jhd; mjw;Fr; rhdW; ~ vd;gJ ,ff; hyjj; py; thH;e;j mwp+u; mzz; htpd; ciueil MFk.; www.tnpscjob.com

28 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ ,ay; 1 vLjJ; ff; hl;L ctik mzpa[k; ,iz xgg; k[ :; ``g[weJ; }a;ik ePuhd; mikak[ ; mfe;J}ai; k tha;ikahy; fhzg; gLk;~~ vd;Dk; Fwl;ghtpy; ctk cUg[ kiwe;J tUtjhy; vLjJ; ff; hl;L ctikazp vdg; u;. ,tt; zpia ciueilapy; gadg; LjJ; ifapy; `,iz xgg; [~ vdW; TWtu.; kiHak[ ; ga[ Yk; vdD; k; E}ypy; t. uhkrhkp: `Cu; Tor; brf;Fj; js;s Koa[kh> vd;W nflf; pwhuf; s.; Cu; Tod gpwF jhd; brfF; j; js;s ntz;Lk; vd;W fhj;jpUgg; tu;fspd; fhupak; if TlhJ/ g[nuhfpjUf;fhf mkhthir fhj;jpUgg; jpyi; y~ vd;W vGj;jhsu; t. uhkrhkp `kiHak[ ; g[aYk;~ vd;Dk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu.; Kot[iu: xdi; w tpsfF; tjwF; mjndhL bjhlug; i[ la gpwpbjhd;iwf; Twp tpsf;Ftnj ctik vd;gu;. me;j tifapy; mff; hyj;jpy; braa; [sf; spy; gadg; Lj;jg;gl;l ctik/ ,ff; hyj;jpy; ciueilapYk; bgUkstpy; gad;gLjj; gg; LfpwJ. ,J czu;rr; pfisf; fhl;l Vw;w fUtpahftk[ ; tps=;FfpwJ. 2. gpdt; Uk; Fwpgg; f[ isf; bfhz;L flL; iu totpy; tpil jUf. r=f; g; ghly;fSf;Fg; gpd; njhdw; pa ,yf;fpa tot=f; s; ? ,yff; pa=f; spd; fwg; idak[ ; ,yf;fizak[ ; ? nkhida[k; vJifak[ ; ? brhwf; spd; mstk[ ; mHFk; ? Kuz;ghL bka;k;ikak[ ;/ vjpupiz ,irt[k; ? nfst; pnyna gjpy; ? brhy;iyak[ ; fUj;ijak[ ; itf;Fk; Kiw. Fwpgg; r[ ; rll; k; Kd;Diu r=;fg; ghly;fSfF; g; gpd; njhdw; pa ,yf;fpa tot=;fs; ,yf;fpa=;fspy; fw;gidak[ ; ,yf;fizak[ ; ,yff; pa=f; spy; nkhidak[ ; vJifak[ ; brhwf; spd; mstk[ ; mHFk; Kuz;ghL bka;ki; k nfst; pnyna gjpy; brhy;iyak[ ; fUji; jak[ ; itf;Fk; Kiw Kot[iu KdD; iu: r=;f ,yff; pak; ek; ghll; dhu; njhgg; hft[k;/ ,ilf;fhy ,yff; pak; ek; je;ijahu; njhl;lkhft[k;/ ,ff; hy ,yf;fpak; ek; g{=f; hthft[k; tps=;FfpwJ. njhg;g[ <e;j gad;fisak[ ; njhl;lk; je;j ea=;fisak[ ; g{=f; htpd; mHfpida[k; xd;W nru;j;J ciueilapd; mzpeyd;fshf mit tps=;Ftijf; fhzn; ghk;. r=;fg; ghly;fSf;Fg; gpd; njhd;wpa ,yf;fpa tot=f; s:; r=;fg; ghly;fSf;Fg; gpd;/ jkpH; ,yf;fpak; mw ,yff; pa=f; shfp/ fhgg; pa=;fshfp/ rpw;wpyff; pa=;fshfp/ rej; f; ftpijfshfp/ g[Jf;ftpijfshfp/ ,di; wa epiyapy; etPd ftpijfspy; teJ; epw;fpwJ. ciueilapd; tsur; r; papy; rpWfij/ flL; iu/ gj[ pdk; vd;w tot=;fs; cUthfpas[ ;sd. ,yff; pa=f; spy; fwg; ida[k; ,yff; izak[ :; mBwpizg; bghUsf; isak[ ; cau;jpizahff; fUjpf; fwg; id bra;J vGJtJ ,yff; zjj; py; cz;L. bjhy;fhgg; pau;/ `+hapW/ jp=f; s;/ be+;rk; nghdw; mBwpizg; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 29 bghUs;fs;. brhy;Ye nghyt[k/; nfl;Fe nghyt[k; brhy;ypah=;F mika[k~; (braa; [spay/; ,ay; 1 192) vd;W vGJk; jpwji; jf; Fwpgg; plo; Uff; pwhu.; capu; ,yy; hj bghUl;fis capu; css; d nghytk[ ;/ czut; [ ,yy; hj bghUsf; is czut; i[ lad nghytk[ ; fwg; id bra;tJzL; vdW; vLjJ; f;fhl;oapUf;fpwhu;. ,jid ciueilapy; `,yf;fiz~ vd;W TWtu.; rhdW; : ``nrhiyapy; g[Fntd;\" ku=;fs; Tg;gpLk:; tpGe;J itf;Fk;/ Myku epHypy; mku;ntd;~/ My;/ vd; tpGijg; ghu;. mej; muRf;F ,BJ cz;lh> vd;Dk.; muR fzz; pw;gLk;. `ahd; tpGjpd;wp thDw X=f; p epwf; pnwd;/ vdi; d kf;fs; Rw;wpr; bryf; pwhuf; s/; fhz;~ vdD; k;. `ntkg; [ vd; epHy; ey+b; raa; [k.; vd; g{tpd; Fz=;fisr; brhyf; pnwd; th~ vd;Dk.; mjj; p/ ehif/ tpsh/ kh/ tpyt; k; Kjypa ku=f; s; tpspahkypUfF; nkh> rpe;jidapy; mitfspd; Elg; =;fs; tps=F; k.; kiy vd;id moff; o miHfF; k.; kiykPJ ,tu;ntd; xuplj;jpy; mku;ntd; ; nkYk; fPGk; ghug; ;ngd; Rw;WKw;Wk; ghug; ;ngd;. kdk; mikjp va;Jk.; vdw; jkpH;jb; jd;wy; jpU.tp. fya; hz Re;judhupd; vGjJ; fs; mBwpizg; bghUsf; is cau;jpizahff; fUjp vGjg;glo; Ug;gjwF; r; rhd;whfpwJ. ,yff; pa=;fspy; nkhidak[ ; vJifak[ .; nkhidak[ ; vJifa[k; braa; [spy; tUkhapd; ,dpa Xirapdg; k; tpisa[k.; ,tww; pid ciueilapYk; gad;gLjJ; tu;. `rhd;whf/ `bjdw; y; mireJ; tUk; bjd;jkpH; ehl;oy; mike;j jpUf;Fww; hyk/; kiytsk; gilj;j gHkg; jpahFk.; mkk; iyapny/ nfh=F; k; nt=i; fak[ ; X=f; p tsUk; FutKk; Ky;iya[k; eWkz=; fkGk-; nfhykhkapy; njhif tpupj;jhLk;\" njDzl; tz;Lfs; jkpH;g; ghl;oirfF; k;\" ,jj; ifa kiyapdpdW; tpiue;J tHpjj; pw=F; k; btss; Utp tll; r; rhiyapny tPHe; J; bgh=F; k; bghGJ rpjWk; ePu;jj; ptiyfs; ghyhtpnahw; gueb; jGe;J k+;rpndhL nru;e;J bfh+r; pf; Fyhtk[ ;~ vdW; brhyy; pd; bryt; u; ,uh.gp. nr. jkpHd;gk; vdD; k; E}ypy; vGjpas[ s; ikiaf; Twyhk;. brhw;fspd; mst[k; mHFk:; btspg;ghl;ow;Fk; brhy;yg;gLk; fUj;jpw;F mGjj; k; jut[k; ciueilapy; brhy;iynah fUji; jnah jpUk;gj; jpUkg; r; brhy;tJzL; . brhw;fis msthfg; gad;gLj;jp ciueilia mHF bra;a K. tujuhrdhu;/ jk; ehl;Lgg; wW; vdD; k; flL; iuj; bjhFgg; py/; `thH;fi; f elj;JtjwF; g; bghUs;fs; gy ntz;Lk.; muprp/ fha;/ fdp Kjypait ntz;Lk.; cil/ tPL Kjypait ntzL; k.; fhRk; fhfpj nehlL; k; ntz;Lk/; ,d;Dk; gy ntzL; k.; ,twi; w MSk; mwptk[ ; ntzL; k~; vd;W vGjpapUf;fpwhu;. Kuz;ghL bkak; ;ik: gog;gtUfF; Kuzg; LtJ nghy ,Ug;gpDk; czi; kapy; Kuzg; lhj ? bka;ki; kiar; brhy;YtJ `Kuz;ghL bkak; i; k~ MFk;. rhdW; : `,e;j cyfjj; py; gak; vd;w xdw; pwF; j; jtpu ntW vjwF; ehk; gag;gl ntz;Lk;>~ brhyY; k; Kiwapy; mGj;jk; bfhLgg; jwf; hf vjpUk; g[jpUkhd Kuzg; Lk; fUjJ; fis mikjJ; vGJtij `vjpupiz ,irt[~ vdg; u.; `Foirfs; xU gf;fk\"; nfhgu[ =f; s; kWgf;fk\"; grpjj; tapWfs; xU gf;fk;\" g[spr;nrg;gff; hhu;fs; kWgf;fk\"; bkypej; vYkg; f[ T; Lfs; xU gff; k;\" gGj;j bjhe;jpfs; kWgff; k;\" nfL bfl;l ,e;jr; rKjhaj;jpwF; vd;iwfF; tpnkhrdk>; njhHuf; ns/ rpe;jpa[=f; s;- vd;W njhHu; g. $Pthde;jk; vGjpapUgg; J ,jw;F vLjJ; ff; hll; hf mikfpwJ. www.tnpscjob.com

30 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ nfst; pnyna gjpy:; tpilj;ju ntzo; a njit ,y;yhky; nfst; pnyna gjpy; ,Ug;gijg; nghytk[ ; vGJtJ czur; r; p btspgg; hlL; fF; cjtf; Toajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. rhd;whf/ `mtu; (bgupahu; <. bt. uh) ngrhj ehs; czl; h> Fuy; nflf; hj Cu; cz;lh> mtuplk; rpf;fpj; jpzwhj gHik cz;lh> vijf; fz;L mtu; jpifj;jhu;> vej; g; gu[ hzk; mtuplk; jhfF; jiyg; bgwhjJ> ........ vdnt jhd; bgupahUila bgUk; gzpia ehd; xU jdp kdpjdpd; tuyhW vdw; y;y xU rfhg;jk;. xU fhy fll; k?; xU jpUg;gk; ? vdW; TWfpnwd;~ vdD; k; bgupahiug; gw;wpa mwp+u; mz;zhtpd; Tw;wpidf; Twyhk.; brhy;iya[k; fUji; ja[k; itf;Fk; Kiw: ciueilapy; brhy;iynah fUji; jnah mLj;jLjJ; itf;Fk; Kiwapny cs;s rpwgg; pid `cr;repiy~ vdg; u;. `,ej; pah jhd; vd;Dila nkhlr; k-; ,e;jpahtpd; edi; kjhd; vd; edi; k. ,e;jpah jhd; vd; ,sikapd; bkj;ij vd; bastdjj; pd; eej; tdk; vd; fpHff; hyj;jpd; fhrp~ vd;W ghujp vd;Dk; jkpH;ff; tp+u; ek; ehli; l cauj; j; pf; TWtijr; rhd;whff; Twyhk.; Koti[ u: <uhapuk; MzL; flF; nkyhf vy;yh tsjJ; lDk; fhykhw;wj;jpwF; Vww; thW jftikj;Jf; bfhsf; pdw; ek; jha;bkhHpahfpa jkpH/; jw;fhy ciueil totj;jpYk; kpFe;j brGika[ld; tps=F; tij mwpa KofpwJ. fwg; it fw;wgpd; gf;fk:; 15 1. e=P f; s; goj;jtwW; s; epidtpy; eP=f; h ,lk; bgw;w ,yff; paj; bjhlu;fs;/ ea=f; is vGJf. ,yff; paj; bjhlu; ,lkb; gw;Wss; eak; cs;s=i; f bey;ypff; dp nghy. ctik Kfepytpy; tpaui; t KjJ; ff; s; Jspu;j;jd. cUtfk; ,ay; 1 2. bfhLj;j jiyg;gpy; ngRnthk.; jiyg;g[ : neuk; jtpu;ff; ntzo; a brhy; : fofhuk; Fwpg;g[ : x U epkplk; ngr ntz;Lk;. jkpH;r;brhwf; is kl;Lk; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. Ie;J tpdhofSf;F nky; ,ilbtsp ,Uj;jy; TlhJ. ,J nghdW; ntW ntW jiyg;gf[ spy; tFg;giwapy; ngrpg; gHFf. ``fhyjn; j flikiar; bra; fhyk; bghd; nghdw; J.~~ vd;gu; jkpHr; ; rhdn; whu;. fhyk; ekf;fhf fhj;jpUgg; jpyi; y. ehd; brytHpjj; kzpjJ; spfs; kPzL; k; fpilgg; jpyi; y. Fwpjj; neujj; py; Fwpjj; braiyr; bra;gtd; gpwuhy; kjpff; g;glj; jf;ftd;. fhej; paofsplk; fhzg;gLk; rpwe;j gz;g[fspy; xdW; fhyk; jtwhik. Fwpj;j neuj;jpy; Fwpjj; braiyr; brat; jw;fhfnt fhe;jpaofs; jd; ,ilapy; (,Lg;g[) vg;bghGJk; neuk; ghu;fF; k; fUtpiaj; bjh=f; tplo; Ugg; hu.; fhyk; jtwhikiaf; filgpogg; uP ;- fhyj;ij tPz; bra;ahjPu;-- fhyk; ek;ik thHj; J; k.;  www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 31 ,ay; bkhHp fwf; zL; 1 vGj;J/ brhy; ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs; gyt[s; bjupf 1. `nfll; tu; kfpHg; ghoa ghly; ,J~ ? bjhlupy; ,lk;bgwW; s;s bjhHpw;bgaUk; [tpil: <) ghly\"; nfll; tu]; tpidahyizak[ ; bgaUk; Kiwna m) ghoa\" nfll; tu; M) ghly\"; ghoa ,) nfll; tu;\" ghoa <) ghly;\" nfl;ltu ; FWtpdh 1. `nt=;if~ vdg; ijj; bjhlub; khHpahftk[ /; bghJbkhHpahftk[ ; ntWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lf. nt=;if : nt=;if vd;Dk; kuj;ijf; FwpfF; k; (jdpbkhHp) ntk; + if : ntfpdw; if vdt[k; bghUs; jUfpwJ (bjhlub; khHp) 2. ``cLg;gJ}ck; czg; J}ck; fhzpd; gpwun; ky; ,ay; 1 t Lf;fhz; tww; hFk; fPH~; ~ ? ,fF; wspy; mikeJ; ss; msbgilapd; tifiar; Rl;o/ mjd; ,yff; zk; jUf. ŒŒ cLg;gJ}ck; czg; J}ck; : ,dd; pir msbgil teJ; ss; J. ŒŒ braa; s[ py; Xir Fiwahj ,ljJ; k; ,dpa Xirff; hf msbgLgg; J ,d;dpir msbgilahFk;. rpWtpdh 1. `mwpe;jJ/ mwpahjJ/ g[upe;jJ/ g[upahjJ/ bjupej; J/ bjupahjJ/ gpwej; J/ gpwthjJ~ ,it midji; jak[ ; ahk; mwpnthk;. mJgw;wp ckJ mwpt[iu vkf;Fj; njit ,yi; y. vy;yhk; vkf;Fj; bjupa[k;. ,fT; w;wpy; tzz; vGjJ; fspy; cs;s tpidKw;Wfisj; bjhHpw;bgauf; shf khw;wp vGJf. bjhHpw;bgau; vjpuk; iwj; bjhHpw;bgau; mwpjy; mwpahik g[upjy; gu[ pahik bjupjy; bjupahik gpwj;jy; gpwthik www.tnpscjob.com

32 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ TLjy; tpdhf;fs; gyts[ ; bjupf 1. FWff; =f; s; vjj; id tifg;gLk;> m) @dW; M) ehd;F ,) IeJ; <) ,uzL; [tpil: M) ehd;F] 2. vBB fpy=;fpa/ cudir, ? ,r;brhw;fspy; cs;s msbgilfs; m) xw;wsbgil/ brhy;ypir msbgil M) ,dd; pir msbgil/ brhy;ypir msbgil ,) brhyy; pir msbgil/ xww; sbgil <) xww; sbgil/ ,d;dpir msbgil [tpil: m) xw;wsbgil/ brhyy; pir msbgil] 3. xww; sbgilapy; msbgLf;Fk; xwb; wGj;Jfspd; vzz; pfi; f vjj; id> m) 11 M) 13 ,) 15 <) 12 [tpil: m) 11] 4. bghUj;Jf. i) X xjy; ntz;Lk ; ? 1. ,dd; pir msbgil ii) bfLg;gJ}ck; ? 2. braa; s[ pir msbgil iii) cudir, ? 3. xw;wsbgil iv) vBB fpy=;fpa ? 4. brhy;ypir msbgil m) i.2 ii.1 iii.4 iv.3 M) i.4 ii.3 iii.2 iv.1 ,) i.2 ii.3 iii.4 iv.1 <) i.3 ii.4 iii.1 iv.2 [tpil: m) i.2 ii.1 iii.4 iv.3] 5. ntWgll; xd;wpidj; njut; [ bra;f. ,ay; 1 m) cwhmu; M) bfLgg; J}ck; ,) tudir, <) vBB fpy=;fpa [tpil: <) vBB fpy=f; pa] 6. bghUjj; kw;w xd;wpidj; njut; [ bra;f. m) Xxjy; M) cwhmu;f;F ,) glhmgiw <) jk;gP, [tpil: <) jkg; P,] 7. bghJbkhHpfF; upa rhdw; pidj; nju;t[ bra;f. m) go M) nt=i; f ,) fz;zd ; <) fzz; d; te;jhd; [tpil: M) nt=;if] 8. vlL; = vs; + J vdg; gpupe;J jUk; bghUs; m) vlL; M) vs;is cz; ,) ntfpdw; if <) vsi; s vL [tpil: M) vs;is cz]; 9. bghUj;Jf. ? m) vjpuk; iwj; bjhHpw;bgau; 1. eljj; y; ? M) tpidahyizak[ ; bgau; 2. bfhyy; hik ? ,) bjhHpwb; gau; 3. nfL ? <) Kjdpiyj; jpupe;j bjhHpwb; gau; 4. te;jtu ; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 33 m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M) 1., 2.m 3.< 4.M [tpil: M) 1., 2.m 3.< 4.M] ,) 1., 2.M 3.< 4.m <) 1., 2.m 3.M 4.< 10. vjpu;kiwj; bjhHpw;bgau; rhdw; pidj; nju;eb; jLf;f. m) bfhyy; hik M) thH;f;if ,) eljj; y; <) NL [tpil: m) bfhyy; hik] 11. bkhHpapd; rpwg;g[fis mwpa Jiz bra;tJ m) ftpij M) ,yff; zk; ,) ciueil <) vJt[kpy;iy [tpil: M) ,yf;fzk]; 12. rhub; gGj;Jfspd; vzz; pfi; f m) Kg;gJ M) gd;dpuzL; ,) gj;J <) xd;gJ [tpil: ,) gj;J] 13. capusbgil vj;jid tifgg; Lk;> m) ,uzL; M) @d;W ,) IeJ; <) MW [tpil: M) @d;W] 14. bel;blGj;J msbgLgg; J vd;gJ vd;d> m) braa; [spir msbgil M) ,d;dpir msbgil ,) brhyy; pir msbgil <) vJt[kpyi; y [tpil: m) bra;a[spir msbgil] 15. brhy; jpupeJ; msbgLgg; J vd;gJ ahJ> m) braa; s[ pir msbgil M) brhy;ypir msbgil ,) ,d;dpir msbgil <) vJtk[ py;iy [tpil: M) brhyy; pir msbgil] 16. bkhHp vdg; J vjj; id tif> m) ,uzL; M) @dW; ,) IeJ; <) MW [tpil: M) @d;W] 17. ``mej; khd;~~ vdg; J vt;tif bkhHp> ,ay; 1 m) bjhlu; bkhHp M) jdp bkhHp ,) bghJ bkhHp <) vJt[kpy;iy [tpil: ,) bghJ bkhHp] 18. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf. 1. me;jkhd; ? m) bjhlu;bkhHp 2. fz; ? M) bjhHpwb; gau; 3. elji; j ? ,) bghJbkhHp 4. fz;zd; te;jhd; ? <) jdpbkhHp m) 1.M 2.< 3.m 4., M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4., ,) 1., 2.< 3.M 4.m <) 1., 2.M 3.< 4.m [tpil: ,) 1., 2.< 3.M 4.m] 19. cwhmu;f;F/ tudir, ? msbgil tif [tpil: ,) braa; s[ pir/ brhyy; pir] m) brhyy; pir/ ,d;dpir M) xw;wsbgil/ brhyy; pir ,) bra;as[ pir/ brhy;ypir <) ,d;dpir/ brhyy; pir  www.tnpscjob.com

34 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ 20. bjhHpiyr; braa; [k; fUj;jhitf; Fwpgg; J m) bjhHpw;bgau; M) Kjdpiy jpupe;j bjhHpw;bgau; ,) Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw;bgau ; <) tpidahyiza[k; bgau;  [tpil: <) tpidahyizak[ ; bgau]; 21. @tpljj; pw;Fk; cupaJ .............\" glu;fi; ffn; f cupaJ ............. m) bjhHpw;bgau;/ tpidahyizak[ ; bgau; M) tpidahyiza[k; bgau;/ bjhHpw;bgau; ,) cupr;brhw;bwhlu;/ tpidahyizak[ ; bgau; <) ,tww; py; vJtk[ py;iy  [tpil: M) tpidahyizak[ ; bgau/; bjhHpwb; gau]; 22. `eljj; y;~ vd;Dk; brhy;ypy; `el~ vdg; J m) tpidao M) tpFjp ,) bjhHpwb; gau; <) ,ilepiy [tpil: m) tpidao] 23. `ntk; + if~ vd;gjd; bghUs; m) ntli; f M) nt=;if ,) ntfpdw; if <) ntfhj if [tpil: <) ntfhj if] 24. `thH;fi; f~ vd;Dk; brhyY; fF; upa tpFjpiaf; Fwpg;gpLf. m) thH ; M) f; ,) if <) I [tpil: ,) if] 25. msbgLj;jy; vd;gjd; bghUs; m) ePz;L xypj;jy ; M) FWfp[ xypjj; y; ,) msthf xypjj; y; <) xypj;jy; ,y;iy [tpil: m) ePzL; xypjj; y]; ,ay; 1 26. `eir,~ vdg; jd; bghUs; M) tpUk;gp [tpil: M) tpUkg; p] m) tpUgg; k ; <) ftdpj;J ,) Jd;gk; FWtpdh 1. rhub; gGj;Jfs; vj;jid tifgg; Lk;> mit ahit> rhu;bgGj;Jfs; gjJ; tifg;gLk.; mit: ŒŒ capu;bka ;  Fww; paypfuk; ŒŒ Ma;jk;  Ifhuf;FWf;fk; ŒŒ capusbgil  xsfhufF; Wf;fk; ŒŒ xw;wsbgil  kfufF; Wff; k; ŒŒ Fw;wpaYfuk ;  Ma;jf; FWf;fk; 2. FWff; =;fs; vj;jid tifgg; Lk>; FWf;f=f; s; ehd;F tifg;gLk;. mit: ŒŒ IfhufF; Wff; k ;  kfufF; Wf;fk; ŒŒ xsfhuf; FWff; k ;  Maj; f; FWff; k; 3. msbgil vjj; id tifgg; Lk>; mit ahit> msbgil ,uzL; tifg;gLk.; mit: capusbgil/ xww; sbgil. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 35 4. capusbgil vjj; id tifgg; Lk;> mit ahit> ,ay; 1 capusbgil @d;W tifgg; Lk;. mit: bra;as[ pir msbgil/ ,dd; pir msbgil/ brhyy; pir msbgil. 5. capusbgil vdw; hy; vd;d> rhdW; jUf. ŒŒ bra;as[ py; Xir Fiwa[k; nghJ me;j Xiria epiwt[ bra;a capu; beoy; vGjJ; fs; VGk; msbgLfF; k.; ŒŒ msbgLfF; k; nghJ mtwW; f;F ,dkhd Fwpy; vGjJ; fs; gff; jj; py; tUk;. ŒŒ rhd;W: cHhmu.; 6. braa; s[ pir msbgil ' ,irepiw msbgil vdw; hy; vd;d> rhd;W jUf. ŒŒ bra;as[ pd; Xir Fiwa[k; nghJ mjid epiwt[ braa; belb; lGj;Jfs; msbgLf;Fk.; (<uir bfhzl; rPuf; spy; kl;Lk; tUk;) ŒŒ rhdW; : cHhmu; (cHh'mu); 7. bra;a[spir msbgilf;F @dW; rhdW; jUf. ŒŒ Xxjy; ntzL; k ; ? bkhHp Kjy; ŒŒ cwhmuf; ;F cWneha ; ? bkhHp ,il ŒŒ eyy; glhm giw ? bkhHp ,Wjp 8. ,d;dpir msbgil vdw; hy; vd;d> rhd;W jUf. ŒŒ braa; [spy; Xir Fiwahj ,lj;jpYk; ,dpa Xirf;fhf msbgLgg; J ,d;dpir msbgil vdgg; Lk.; ŒŒ rhd;W: bfLg;gJ}ck; (bfLg'; gJ}'ck;) (@tir bfhzl; rPu;fspy; klL; k; tUk); 9. brhy;ypir msbgil vd;why; vd;d> rhdW; jUf. ŒŒ b ra;as[ py; xU bgaur; ;brhy; vr;rrb; rhy;yhfj; jpupeJ; msbgLgg; J brhy;ypirasbgil MFk.; ŒŒ rhdW; : tudir,/ cudir,. 10. xww; sbgil vdw; hy; vdd; > rhd;W jUf. ŒŒ braa; [spy; Xir Fiwa[k; nghJ mjid epiwt[ bra;a rpy bkab; aGjJ; fSk/; Maj; vGj;Jk; msbgLgg; J xww; sbgilahFk;. ŒŒ rhdW; : vBB fpy=;fpa/ v=;=;fpiwtd;. 11. xw;wsbgilapy; msbgLf;Fk; bkab; aGj;Jfs; kwW; k; Maj; vGjJ; Mfpatw;iw vGJf. ŒŒ bka; vGjJ; fs; ? =;/ +;/ z/; e;/ k/; d;/ t;/ a;/ y/; s; (gjJ; ) ŒŒ Ma;j vGjJ; ? B (xdW; ) ŒŒ bkhj;j vGj;Jfs; ? 11 12. brhy; vdw; hy; vd;d> Xu; vGj;J jdpj;njh/ gy vGjJ; fs; nrue; n; jh bghUs; jUkhapd; mJ brhy; vdg;gLk.; (brhy;ypd; ntWbgau;fs; ? gjk/; bkhHp/ fpstp) 13. bkhHp vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit> bkhHp @dW; tifgg; Lk;. mit: jdpbkhHp/ bjhlu;bkhHp/ bghJbkhHp. www.tnpscjob.com

36 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; 1 14. jdpbkhHp vd;why; vdd; > rhdW; jUf. ŒŒ xU brhy; jdpj;J epdW; bghUs; jUtJ jdpbkhHp vdgg; Lk.; ŒŒ rhd;W: fz;/ go. 15. bjhlu;bkhHp vdw; hy; vdd; > rhdW; jUf. ŒŒ ,uzL; myy; J mjw;F nkwg; ll; jdpbkhHpfs; bjhlue; ;J te;J bghUs; jUtJ bjhlub; khHp MFk.; ŒŒ rhd;W: fz;zd; tej; hd.; 16. bghJbkhHp vdw; hy; vd;d> rhdW; jUf. ŒŒ xU brhy; jdpj;J epd;W xU bghUisa[k; mr;brhy;ny gpupeJ; epd;W ntW bghUisak[ ; jUtJ bghJbkhHp MFk.; ŒŒ jdpbkhHpf;Fk; bjhlu;bkhHpf;Fk; bghJtha; mika[k;. ŒŒ rhdW; : vlL; . vl;L ? vz;izf; Fwpff; pwJ. vs; + J ? vs;is cz.; 17. bjhHpwb; gau; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf. ŒŒ xU tpid my;yJ braiyf; Fwpf;Fk; bgauhdJ vz;/ ,lk;/ ghy/; fhyk; Mfpatwi; wf; Fwpg;ghfnth btspg;gilahfnth czuj; j; hky; tUtJ bjhHpwb; gau; vdgg; Lk;. ŒŒ v.fh: <jy;/ thH;f;if. 18. tpFjp bgww; bjhHpwb; gau; vdw; hy; vd;d> rhd;W jUf. ŒŒ tpidaoa[ld; tpFjp nrut; jhy; cUthFk; bjhHpwb; gau; tpFjp bgww; bjhHpw;bgau; MFk;. ŒŒ rhd;W: eljj; y;. el ? tpidao/ jy; ? tpFjp. 19. vjpuk; iwj; bjhHpw;bgau; vdw; hy; vdd; > rhdW; jUf. ŒŒ vjpuk; iwg; bghUspy; tUtJ vjpuk; iwj; bjhHpwb; gau; vdg;gLk.; ŒŒ rhd;W: elthik/ bfhyy; hik. 20. bjhHpw;bgau; vj;jid tifgg; Lk>; mit ahit> bjhHpwb; gau; ,uzL; tifg;gLk;. mit: ŒŒ Kjdpiyj; bjhHpwb; gau; ŒŒ Kjdpiy jpupe;j bjhHpw;bgau; 21. Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw;bgau; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf. ŒŒ tpFjp bgwhky; tpidg; gFjpna bjhHpw;bgauhjy; Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw; bgauhFk.; ŒŒ rhdW; : jlL; / ciu/ mo. ,r;brhw;fs; Kiwna jlL; jy;/ ciuj;jy/; moj;jy; vd;W bghUs;gLk; nghJ Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw;bgau;fshfpd;wd. 22. Kjdpiy jpupe;j bjhHpw;bgau; vd;why; vdd; > rhd;W jUf. ŒŒ Kjdpiy jpupe;j bjhHpw;bgau; vdg; J tpFjp bgwhky; Kjdpiy jpupe;J tUtJ. Kjdpiy jpupej; bjhHpwb; gauhFk;. ŒŒ rhdW; : bfL ? nfL/ RL ? NL. nfL/ NL (bfL/ RL vd;Dk; Kjdpiyfs; nfL/ NL vdj; jpupeJ; te;Jss; J) www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 37 23. tpidahyizak[ ; bgau; vdw; hy; vdd; > rhdW; jUf. ŒŒ tpidiaf; Fwpff; hky; tpid braj; tiuf; FwpfF; k;. ŒŒ xU tpidKwW; bgaupd; jd;ikia mileJ; ntwW; ik cUg[ Vw;Wk; Vwf; hkYk; ntbwhU gadpiyiaf; bfhzL; Koa[k.; ŒŒ jd;ik/ Kdd; piy/ gluf; ;if Mfpa @tpl=;fspYk; tUk;. ŒŒ @dW; fhy=f; spYk; tUk;. ŒŒ rhd;W: tej; tu;. 24. bjhHpwb; gaUf;Fk; tpidahyiza[k; bgaUf;Fk; cs;s ntWghLfisf; TW. bjhHpw;bgau; tpidahyizak[ ; bgau; bjhHpiyf; FwpfF; k.; bjhHpy; bra;ak[ ; fUj;jhitf; Fwpf;Fk.; fhyk; fhll; hJ. fhyk; fhlL; k.; gluf; ;if ,lj;jpy; kl;Lk; tUk.; @tpljj; pYk; tUk.; v.fh: ghLjy;/ gojj; y;. v.fh: ghoats/; gojj; tu;. rpWtpdh 1. bkhHpapd; tiffis vLj;Jff; hl;Lld; tpsfF; f. ,ay; 1 bkhHptiffs:; @dW; tifgg; Lk.; mit: jdpbkhHp/ bjhlub; khHp/ bghJbkhHp vd;gd. jdpbkhHp: ŒŒ xU brhy; jdpj;J epdW; bghUs; jUtJ jdpbkhHp vdgg; Lk;. ŒŒ v.fh: fz/; kuk;. bjhlub; khHp: ŒŒ ,uzL; my;yJ mjw;F nkwg; ll; jdpbkhHpfs; bjhlue; ;J teJ; bghUs; jUtJ bjhlu;bkhHp MFk;. ŒŒ v.fh: fzz; d; te;jhd;. bghJbkhHp: ŒŒ xU brhy; jdpj;J epd;W xU bghUisak[ ; mr;brhyn; y gpupeJ; epd;W ntW bghUisak[ ; jUtJ bghJbkhHp MFk.; ŒŒ jdpbkhHpf;Fk; bjhlu;bkhHpfF; k; bghJtha; mikak[ .; ŒŒ rhdW; : vl;L vlL; ? vzi; zf; Fwpf;fpwJ. vs; + J ? vsi; s cz.; 2. brhy;ypd; brayf; isf; Fwpg;gpLf. ŒŒ ,U jpizfisak[ ; IeJ; ghyf; isa[k; FwpfF; k.; ŒŒ @tif ,l=f; spYk; tUk;. ŒŒ cyf tHf;fpYk; braa; [s; tHf;fpYk; tUk;. ŒŒ btspgg; ilahftk[ ; Fwpgg; hftk[ ; tps=;Fk.; www.tnpscjob.com

38 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFgg; [ fwg; it fw;wgpd; gff; k;: 18 1. njd;/ E}y;/ ig/ kyu;/ th ? ,j; jdpbkhHpfSld; brhwf; isr; nruj; ;Jj; bjhlu;bkhHpfshfF; f. njd ; ? njd; kUe;Jg; bghUshf gadg; LfpwJ. E}y ; ? E}y; gy fy.; ig ? ig epiwa gzk; ,Ue;jJ. kyu ; ? kyu; gwpj;J te;njd.; th ? tpiueJ; th. 2. tpid moia tpFjpfSld; ,izj;Jj; bjhHpwb; gau;fis cUthfF; f. fhz;/ rpup/ go/ jL. v.fh: fhz; ? fhl;rp/ fhQjy/; fhzy/; fhzhik rpup ? rpupgg; /[ rpupj;jy/; rpupff; hik go ? gogg; /[ gojj; y;/ goff; hik jL ? jLg;g/[ jLjj; y/; jLff; hik ,ay; 1 3. jdpbkhHp/ bjhlu;bkhHp Mfpatwi; wf; bfhzL; ciuahliyj; bjhlu;f. mz;zd; : v=n; f bry;fpwha;> (bjhlu;bkhHp) jkg; p : filf;F (jdpbkhHp) mz;zd ; : ,g;bghGJ vd;d th=;Ffpwha>; (bjhlu;bkhHp) jk;gp : gUgg; [ th=F; fpnwd;. (bjhlub; khHp) mz;zd ; : vjwF; > (jdpbkhHp) jk;gp : gUg;g[ nrhW braa; mkk; h th=f; p tur; brhdd; huf; s; (bjhlub; khHp) mzz; d ; : ,dW; gUg;g[ nrhW ntz;lhbkd;W mkk; htplk; brhy;nthk; (bjhlu;bkhHp) jkg; p : rup ,dW; mk;khitg; gpupahzp bra;J jurb; rhy;nthk;. (bjhlu;bkhHp) 4. kiy vdi; d moff; o miHfF; k.; kiy kPJ VWntd;\" Xupljj; py; mkun; td;\" nkYk; fGP k; ghu;gn; gd;\" Rw;WKwW; k; ghu;gn; gd.; kdk; mikjp vaJ; k;. ,j;bjhluf; spy; cs;s tpidKw;Wfisj; jdpna vLj;bjGjpj; bjhHpwb; gauf; shf khwW; f. ŒŒ miHf;Fk; ? miHjj; y;  ghug; n; gd; ? ghu;j;jy; ŒŒ VWntd; ? VWjy;  va;Jk; ? vaj; y; ŒŒ mkun; td; ? mkuj; y; 5. flL; / brhl;L/ tHpghL/ nfL/ nfhwy; ? ,jb; jhHpwb; gau;fis tifg;gLjJ; f. fl;L : Kjdpiyj; bjhHpwb; gau; brhlL; : Kjdpiyj; bjhHpwb; gau; tHpghL : tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw;bgau; nfL : Kjdpiy jpupe;j bjhHpw;bgau; nfhwy; : tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw;bgau; www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 39 bkhHpia Msn; thk; gf;fk;: 21 goj;Jr; Ritf;f. ghlypy/; kuk; vdD; k; brhy/; ,ljj; pw;nfwg; bghUs; jUtjha; 11 ,l=f; spy; ,lkb; gw;Ws;sJ. bghUs;fisg; bghUj;jpg; goj;J Ritff; . ghlypd; bghUs:;  ``murd; Fjpiuapy; Vwp ntiyj; njhspy; itjJ; murd; gy[ piaf; fzL; ntypdhy; g[ypiaf; Fjj; p fhlL; tHpna brdW; tskidf; nfl;Fk; nghJ muridf; fzl; khju; MykuKld; Muj;jp vLj;jhu.; ~~ bkhHpbgau;g;g:[ 1. If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his own language that goes to his heart. – Nelson Mandela eP=;fs; xU kdpjdplk; VjhtJ xU bkhHpapy; ngrpdhy; mij mtd; g[upe;J bfhz;L mtd; @isf;Fr; bryf; pwJ. Mdhy; mtDila bkhHpapy; ngrpdhy; mJ mtd; be+r; ji; jj; bjhLk.; ? beyr; d; kzn; lyh 2. Language is the road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where they are going. – Rita Mae Brown bkhHpna fyhrr; hujj; pd; tHpfhl;o. mJnt kff; s; v=;fpUe;J te;jhu;fs; kwW; k; v=F; g; nghfpwhu;fs; vdg; ijr; brhyY; k;. ? upl;lh nk gput[z; re;jf; ftpijapy; te;j gpiHfisj; jpUj;Jf. ? ftpkzp njrpf tpehafdhu;. ,ay; 1 ``njzpny Cupa brej; kpHpd; ? Rit njUk; rpygg; jp fhwkij Cdpny vkK; apu; cyy; ytk[ ; ? epjk; Xjp ad[ u;e;jpd; g[Unthnk~~ jpUj;jk;: ``njdpny Cwpa bre;jkpHpd; ? Rit njWk; rpygg; jp fhukij Cdpny vk;Kapu; cs;sst[k; ? epjk; Xjp a[zu;ej; pd; gW[ n[ thnk~~ fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fspd; Tl;lg;bgau;fisf; fz;Lgpoj;J vGJf. (Ftpay/; Fiy/ ke;ij/ fl;L) ŒŒ fy ; ? Ftpay; (fwF; tpay;) ŒŒ gHk; ? Fiy (gHfF; iy) ŒŒ g[y ; ? fl;L (g[w;fl;L) ŒŒ ML ? ke;ij (MlL; kei; j) www.tnpscjob.com

40 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ ,ay; 1 tpidKw;iw tpidahyizak[ ; bgauhf khw;wpj; bjhlu;fis ,izj;J vGJf. 1. fiyau=f; jj; py; vdf;fhff; fhj;jpUff; pwhu.; mtiu miHjJ; thU=f; s;. v.fh: fiyau=;fjj; py; vdff; hff; fhj;jpUff; pwtiu miHj;J thU=;fs.; 2. Cl;lkpF czt[ cz;lhu.; mtu; ezP ;l thH;ehs; bgw;whu.; Cl;lkpF czt[ cz;ltu; ePz;l thHe; hs; bgww; hu;. 3. new;W vd;idr; re;jpj;jhu;. mtu; vd; ezg; u.; newW; vdi; dr; rej; pj;jtu; vd; ezg; u;. 4. bghJ mwpt[ E}yf; isj; njog; gojj; hu.; nghlo; j; nju;tpy; btd;whu;. bghJ mwpt[ E}y;fisj; njog; gojj; tu; nghlo; j; njut; py; btd;whu;. bjhlu;fspy; cs;s tz;zr; brhw;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf mnj bghUSila ntW brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp bjhlu;fis kPs vGJf. 1. cyfpy; thGk; kff; spy; rpyu; fdpapUff; f; fha; g[rpjj; iyg;nghy/ ,db; rhy; ,Uf;f td;brhy; ngrp ,dd; w;gLfpdw; du.; g[tpapy; thGk; khDluf; s; rpyu; gHkpUf;ff; fha; czg; ijg;nghy ,d;brhy; ,Uff; tdb; rhy; ngrp Jdg; gg; Lfpdw; du.; 2. ts;sy; Fkzd; tWikahy; thote;j g[ytDf;Fj; jdJ jiyiaf; bfhLj;J k=;fhg; g[fH; bgww; hd;. ts;sy; Fkzd; Jd;gj;jhy; thotej; mwp+uf; Sf;Fj; jdJ jiyia <e;J k=;fhg; bgUik bgw;whd;. 3. esDk; mtdJ Jiztpa[k; epljehl;LfF; te;jijf; fzL; / me;ehl;L kff; s; kiHKfpy; fzl; k+i; + nghyf; fsp bfhzl; du;. esDk; mtdJ kidtpak[ ; epljehlL; fF; te;jijf; fzL; / mee; hlL; kff; s; kiHnkfk; fz;l kapiyg; nghy kfpH;r;rp bfhzl; du.; 4. nrhiyapw; g{j;j kzkyuf; spy; RUk;g[fs; bkha;jJ; g; gzg; ho kJt[zl; d. eej; tdjj; py; g{j;j kzkyu;fspy; tzL; fs; bkhaj; J; g; gz;gho njid czl; d. 5. gRg;nghy; rhej; Kk; g[ypnghy; jPuKk; ahid nghy ciHgg; k[ ; kdpjDf;F ntzL; k.; Mg;nghy; mikjpak[ ; nt=i; f nghy; tPuKk; fspW nghy ciHg;g[k; kdpjDf;F ntz;Lk.; fl;Liu vGJf. Fkupf; fly;Kidiaa[k; nt=f; l kiyKfl;ila[k; vyi; yahff; bfhz;l bjdd; tu; jpUehl;owF; g; gf[ H; njoj;je;j bgUik/ jifrhy; jkpHd;idiar; rhUk.; vHpy;nru; fd;dpaha; vd;Wk; jpfGk; mt;tdi; df;F/ gps;isj; jkpH; ngrp/ rjfk; rikjJ; / guzp gho/ fykg; fk; fzL; / cyhte;J/ me;jhjp Twp/ nfhit ahjJ; / mzpahfg; g{l;o mHTl;o mfkk; pf kfpHe; j; du; bre;ehg; g[ytuf; s;. www.tnpscjob.com

Mk; tFgg; [ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 41 ,f;fUji; jf; fUthff; bfhzL; `rhdn; whu; tsu;j;j jkpH;~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; flL; iu vGJf. jiygg; [ : rhdn; whu; tsu;jj; jkpH; Fwpgg; [r; rl;lk; KdD; iu r=f; j;jkpH; mwj;jkpH; fhgg; paj;jkpH; rpww; pyff; pak; rkaj;jkpH; Kot[iu Kd;Diu: ``brhyy; py; caut; [ jkpHr; b; rhy;ny ?mijj; bjhGJ goj;jplo ghgg; h~~ ?ghujpahu; cyfpy; kdpj ,dk; vd;W njhdw; panjh/ md;nw jkpH; bkhHpa[k; njhd;wpaJ. mdW; Kjy; ,dW; tiu jkpH;bkhHp ,sikahfnt ,UeJ; tUfpdw; J. xt;bthU fhyff; l;ljj; pYk; thHe; ;j rhdn; whuf; shy; jkpH; rpwgg; [wW; epwf; pd;wJ. r=;fj;jkpH:; `jkpH;~ vd;w brhy; bjhy;fhg;gpag; ghapuj;jpy; ,lkb; gWfpd;wJ. fpgp. 2 Mk; E}w;whzo; w;F Kd; njhdw; pa ,yf;fpa=;fs; r=f; ,yf;fpa=f; s; MFk.; mitna r=f; jj; kpH; jUk; fs+r; pak; MFk;. fgpyu/; guzu;/ xsitahu;/ eff; Puu;/ eyy; e;Jtdhu; Kjypa vz;zw;wj; jkpHr; ; rhd;nwhu;fshy; ghl;Lk; bjhifa[k; cUthf;fgg; l;L r=;fjj; kpH; tsu;ff; g;gll; J. mwjj; kpH;: ,ay; 1 r=f; fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd; njhdw; pa fhyj;jpy; bgha;ak[ ; Fww; Kk; njhd;w Mukg; pjj; J. mjidg; nghf;f jpUts;Stu/; rkz Kdptuf; s;/ tpskg; pehfdhu/; fgpyu;/ fzpnkjhtpahu; Mfpa gy rhd;nwhu; bgUkff; s; mwE}yf; isg; gilj;J/ mwjj; kpiH tsu;j;jdu;. fhgg; paj;jkpH:; Ikb; gU=f; hg;gpa=f; Sk/; I+r; pWfhgg; pa=;fSk; fhgg; paj; jkpiH tsuj; j; d. ,s=n; fhtofs;/ rPjj; iyrr; hj;jdhu;/ jpUj;jf;fj;njtu; Mfpa rhd;nwhu;fs; fhgg; paj; jkpiHj; jiHff; r; bra;jdu.; rpww; pyff; pak;: (guzp/ rjfk;/ gps;isjj; kpH;) rpw;wpyf;fpa=;fs; 96 tifg;gLk;. mit tHp rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffs; bgUfp rpww; pyff; paj; jkpiH tsu;jj; du.; xUtiuf; FHei; jahfg; ghtpjJ; / 10 gUt=;fspy; tshr;rp epiyiag; ghLtJ gpsi; sj;jkpH; MFk;. xl;lfT; j;ju/; FkuFUguu; Mfpnahu; gps;isjj; kpH; gho tsu;j;jdu;. rjfk; (100) ghlyf; isf; bfhzl; J rjfk;. Mjk; ehj njrpfu/; fhun; kff; ftp+u; Mfpnahu; rjfk; ghodhu.; xl;lf;Tj;ju;/ bra=b; fhz;lhu; guzp ,yff; paji; j tsu;jj; du.; rkaj;jkpH;: irtk;/itztk;/fpwpj;jtk;/,!y; hk;/rkzk/; bgsjj; k;Mfparka=f; Sk;jkpH;tsu;f;Fk; gzpapy; <Lgl;L rkajj; kpiH tsuj; j; du.; jpUehtf[ ;furu;/ tPukhKdptu;/ ckWg;g[ytu; Mfpnahu; rkaj;jkpiH tsuj; ;jdu;. ,jwF; gd;dpU jpUKiwfs/; ehyhapujj; ptt; pag; gpuge;jk;/ rPwhg;g[uhzk;/ njk;ghtzp rhd;whFk;. www.tnpscjob.com

42 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[ Kot[iu: fhyen; jhWk; jkpH;/ jdi; d tsug; g; tu;fshy; jdi; dg; g[Jg;gpjJ; f; bfhz;L tsu;e;Jk; rpwe;Jk; tUfpdw; J vdg; ij ,yff; pa tuyhWfs; ekf;F czu;j;Jfpd;wd. ``jkpGauj; jkpHd; cau;thd; jkpHauj; jkpHd; maut; hd~; ~ ?ghthzu; eak; ghuhl;Lf. njdpDk; ,dpaew; brej; kpH; bkhHpna bjd;dhL tps=F; wj; jpfGeb; jd; bkhHpna CdpDk; xspu;t[Wk; xzl; kpH; bkhHpna czu;tpDf; Fzu;tjha; xspu;jkpH; bkhHpna thdpDk; X=f; pa tzl; kpH; bkhHpna khe;jUf; fpUfzh ta=F; ed; bkhHpna jhddp rpwg;gW[ e; jdpjj; kpH; bkhHpna jiHjj; pdp njh=F; tha; jzl; kpH; bkhHpna ? fh. ekrr; pthau; jpuz;l fUjJ; : `thiHf;F mHF FUjJ; braa; [SfF; mHF jpuzl; fUj;J~ ``njdpDk; ,dpikahd brk;ik bgww; bkhHp jkpH; bkhHp. bjdd; hlo; y; rpweJ; tps=;Ffpd;w bkhHp jkpHb; khHp. xsp tPrp mwpt[k/; brwptk[ ; El;gKk; bfhz;l bkhHp jkpHb; khHp czun; thL czut; hd bkhHp/ thdpDk; caue; j; tsk;kpf;f bkhHp jkpH;. jiHjJ; X=;Ftha; Fspur; r; p j=;fpa jkpH; bkhHpna~~ vd jkpHb; khHpiar; rpwg;gpjJ; f; Twpa[s;shu; f. ekrr; pthau;. ,ay; 1 bjhil eak;: `bjhilaww; ghlL; eilaw;Wg; nghFk;~ bra;as[ hdJ vJif/ nkhid/ ,iag[/ Kuz; Kjypatww; hy; bjhFff; gg; LtJ bjhil vdg;gLk.; ,gg; hlypy; bjhil ea=f; s; rpwgg; hff; ifahsg;glL; s;sd. `nkhid eak;: `nkhidaww; ghl;L nridaw;w ehL~ bra;a[spy; monjhWk; myy; J rPu;njhWk; Kjyhk; vGjJ; xdw; ptuj; bjhLgg; J nkhidj; bjhil. xzl; kpH;/ xspuj; kpH;/ xsput; [Wk/; jdpjj; kpH;/ jzl; kpH; Mfpa nkhidr; brhwf; s; ghlypy; rpwgg; hf mikeJ; ss; J. vJif eak;: `tPujJ; fF; mHF nt=i; f braa; S[ f;F mHF vJif~ braa; [spy; monjhWk; my;yJ rPu;njhWk; ,uz;lhk; vGjJ; xd;wp tuj; bjhLgg; J vJifj; bjhil. njdpDk;/ CdpDk;/ thdpDk; Mfpa vJifr; brhw;fs; ghlypy; rpwgg; hf mikeJ; ss; J. www.tnpscjob.com