Hồ Chí Minh toàn tập - Tập 7

["b\u00b5n v\u00d2 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n 585 Li\u00aan X\u00ab. Nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai h\u00e4c h\u00e1i v\u00b5 nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai th\u00f9c h\u00b5nh, n\u00d5u kh\u00abng hi\u00d3u ph\u2212\u00acng ph\u00b8p \u00cay, k\u00d5t qu\u00b6 s\u00cf m\u00ac m\u00b5ng, kh\u00abng n\u00bem \u00ae\u2212\u00eec trung t\u00a9m, kh\u00abng t\u00d7m \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00b8ch gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. N\u00e3i t\u00e3m l\u00b9i: Kh\u00abng th\u00d3 xem c\u00b8c m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n ngang nh\u2212 nhau; ph\u00b6i chia m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n l\u00b5m hai lo\u00b9i - ch\u00ddnh v\u00b5 ph\u00f4; ph\u00b6i n\u00bem l\u00cay m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n ch\u00ddnh. V\u00ab lu\u00cbn n\u00e3 l\u00b5 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n ch\u00ddnh ho\u00c6c l\u00b5 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n ph\u00f4, hai m\u00c6t c\u00f1a n\u00e3 c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng ngang nhau. Ngh\u00dca l\u00b5: V\u00ab lu\u00cbn m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n n\u00b5o, v\u00ab lu\u00cbn l\u00f3c n\u00b5o, c\u00b8c m\u00c6t c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng th\u00a8ng b\u00bbng. C\u00e3 khi th\u00d5 l\u00f9c \u00ae\u00abi b\u00aan h\u00d7nh nh\u2212 ngang nhau, nh\u2212ng \u00ae\u00e3 ch\u00d8 l\u00b5 t\u00b9m th\u00eai, ch\u00d8 l\u00b5 t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i. T\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh c\u00a8n b\u00b6n, th\u00d7 kh\u00abng ngang nhau. Trong hai m\u00c6t c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00bet c\u00e3 m\u00e9t m\u00c6t ch\u00ddnh, m\u00e9t m\u00c6t ph\u00f4. M\u00c6t ch\u00ddnh t\u00f8c l\u00b5 m\u00c6t l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Do m\u00c6t ch\u00ddnh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n n\u00e3 chi ph\u00e8i, n\u00e3 quy \u00ae\u00denh c\u00b8i t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat s\u00f9 v\u00cbt. Nh\u2212ng \u00aei\u00d2u \u00ae\u00e3 kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i l\u00b5 c\u00e8 \u00ae\u00denh. C\u00e3 khi m\u00c6t ch\u00ddnh bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh m\u00c6t ph\u00f4, m\u00c6t ph\u00f4 bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh m\u00c6t ch\u00ddnh, th\u00d7 t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt c\u00f2ng do \u00ae\u00e3 m\u00b5 thay \u00ae\u00e6i. Trong m\u00e9t giai \u00aeo\u00b9n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh ho\u00c6c m\u00e9t qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n, m\u00c6t ch\u00ddnh \u00eb ph\u00dda A, m\u00c6t ph\u00f4 \u00eb ph\u00dda B. Nh\u2212ng \u00ae\u00d5n m\u00e9t qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh kh\u00b8c ho\u00c6c m\u00e9t giai \u00aeo\u00b9n kh\u00b8c, th\u00d7 A v\u00b5 B l\u00b9i thay \u00ae\u00e6i v\u00de tr\u00dd. Trong khi s\u00f9 v\u00cbt ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n, s\u00f9 thay \u00ae\u00e6i \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 do s\u00f8c \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a hai m\u00c6t c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n th\u00aam ho\u00c6c b\u00edt quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh. C\u00b8i m\u00edi thay c\u00b8i c\u00f2, \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 quy lu\u00cbt ph\u00e6 bi\u00d5n c\u00f1a v\u00f2 tr\u00f4. Theo t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat v\u00b5 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt, kinh qua nh\u00f7ng h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c nh\u00c8y v\u00e4t kh\u00b8c nhau, s\u00f9 v\u00cbt n\u00b5y bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh s\u00f9 v\u00cbt kh\u00b8c - \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh c\u00b8i m\u00edi thay c\u00b8i c\u00f2. V\u00ab lu\u00cbn n\u00e9i b\u00e9 c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt n\u00b5o c\u00f2ng c\u00e3 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n gi\u00f7a hai m\u00c6t c\u00f2 v\u00b5 m\u00edi \u00ae\u00cau tranh l\u00c9n nhau. K\u00d5t qu\u00b6 l\u00b5 m\u00c6t m\u00edi t\u00f5 nh\u00e1 th\u00b5nh to, th\u00b5nh k\u00ce chi ph\u00e8i. M\u00c6t c\u00f2 t\u00f5 to h\u00e3a nh\u00e1, d\u00c7n d\u00c7n \u00aei \u00ae\u00d5n di\u00d6t vong. M\u00b5 khi m\u00c6t m\u00edi \u00ae\u00b7 tranh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de chi ph\u00e8i m\u00c6t c\u00f2, th\u00d7 t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt c\u00f2 bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt m\u00edi.","586 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp Do \u00ae\u00e3 th\u00d7 th\u00cay: T\u00ddnh ch\u00cat c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt l\u00b5 do m\u00c6t ch\u00ddnh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n quy \u00ae\u00denh. M\u00c6t ch\u00ddnh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a, th\u00d7 t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt c\u00f2ng bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a. Th\u00dd d\u00f4: Trong x\u00b7 h\u00e9i t\u2212 b\u00b6n, ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca t\u2212 b\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00f5 \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de ph\u00f4 thu\u00e9c d\u2212\u00edi th\u00eai \u00ae\u00b9i phong ki\u00d5n m\u00b5 bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng chi ph\u00e8i, th\u00d7 t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat x\u00b7 h\u00e9i c\u00f2ng t\u00f5 x\u00b7 h\u00e9i phong ki\u00d5n bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh x\u00b7 h\u00e9i t\u2212 b\u00b6n. Trong x\u00b7 h\u00e9i t\u2212 b\u00b6n m\u00edi, th\u00d7 phong ki\u00d5n t\u00f5 l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng chi ph\u00e8i bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng ph\u00f4 thu\u00e9c v\u00b5 d\u00c7n d\u00c7n b\u00de ti\u00aau di\u00d6t. \u00eb c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc nh\u2212 Anh, Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00d2u nh\u2212 th\u00d5. L\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng s\u00b6n xu\u00cat c\u00b5ng ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n, giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n t\u00f5 \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de m\u00e9t giai c\u00cap m\u00edi, m\u00e9t giai c\u00cap ti\u00d5n b\u00e9, bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t giai c\u00cap c\u00f2, m\u00e9t giai c\u00cap ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng; \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y b\u00de giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00e6, n\u00e3 bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t giai c\u00cap m\u00cat c\u00b6 quy\u00d2n l\u00f9c, r\u00e5i d\u00c7n d\u00c7n c\u00f2ng b\u00de ti\u00aau di\u00d6t. Giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n - s\u00e8 ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00abng g\u00cap m\u00cay giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n, sinh tr\u2212\u00ebng c\u00efng giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n nh\u2212ng b\u00de giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n th\u00e8ng tr\u00de - l\u00b5 m\u00e9t l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng m\u00edi. L\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c7u, n\u00e3 \u00eb \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de ph\u00f4 thu\u00e9c v\u00b5o giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n, n\u00e3 d\u00c7n d\u00c7n to l\u00edn l\u00aan, th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t giai c\u00cap \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp v\u00b5 c\u00e3 t\u00b8c d\u00f4ng l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o. \u00a7\u00d5n khi n\u00e3 c\u2212\u00edp ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n, n\u00e3 th\u00b5nh giai c\u00cap th\u00e8ng tr\u00de. L\u00f3c \u00ae\u00e3, t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat c\u00f1a x\u00b7 h\u00e9i l\u00b9i t\u00f5 x\u00b7 h\u00e9i t\u2212 b\u00b6n c\u00f2 bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh x\u00b7 h\u00e9i m\u00edi, t\u00f8c l\u00b5 x\u00b7 h\u00e9i x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 con \u00ae\u2212\u00eang m\u00b5 Li\u00aan X\u00ab \u00ae\u00b7 \u00aei qua, v\u00b5 t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d2u s\u00cf \u00aei qua. L\u00cay Trung Qu\u00e8c c\u00f2 m\u00b5 n\u00e3i: Ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c \u00eb v\u00b5o \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n ch\u00ddnh, \u00b8p b\u00f8c nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Qu\u00e8c. Trung Qu\u00e8c th\u00d7 t\u00f5 m\u00e9t n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh n\u00f6a thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea. Song t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh thay \u00ae\u00e6i. Trong th\u00d5 l\u00f9c hai b\u00aan \u00ae\u00cau tranh, l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Qu\u00e8c tr\u2212\u00ebng th\u00b5nh d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n, bi\u00d5n Trung Qu\u00e8c n\u00f6a thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t Trung Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp. Ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh b\u00de \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00e6. Trung Qu\u00e8c c\u00f2 bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh Trung Qu\u00e8c m\u00edi. Trung Qu\u00e8c c\u00f2 bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh Trung Qu\u00e8c m\u00edi, c\u00dfn g\u00e5m c\u00e3 s\u00f9 bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a gi\u00f7a th\u00d5 l\u00f9c phong ki\u00d5n c\u00f2 v\u00b5 th\u00d5 l\u00f9c nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n m\u00edi. Giai c\u00cap \u00ae\u00dea ch\u00f1 phong ki\u00d5n c\u00f2 s\u00cf b\u00de \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00e6, t\u00f5 \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de th\u00e8ng tr\u00de bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh b\u00de th\u00e8ng tr\u00de, v\u00b5 s\u00cf d\u00c7n d\u00c7n b\u00de ti\u00aau di\u00d6t. C\u00dfn nh\u00a9n","b\u00b5n v\u00d2 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n 587 d\u00a9n th\u00d7 d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n, s\u00cf t\u00f5 \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de b\u00de th\u00e8ng tr\u00de bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh th\u00e8ng tr\u00de. L\u00f3c \u00ae\u00e3, t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat Trung Qu\u00e8c s\u00cf bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a, t\u00f5 m\u00e9t x\u00b7 h\u00e9i n\u00f6a thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea n\u00f6a phong ki\u00d5n bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t x\u00b7 h\u00e9i d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 m\u00edi. T\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a \u00cay, tr\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00a9y \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3. M\u00b7n Thanh th\u00e8ng tr\u00de Trung Qu\u00e8c su\u00e8t 300 n\u00a8m, \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng 1911 \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00e6. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00e5ng minh h\u00e9i do T\u00abn Trung S\u00acn l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o, \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00beng l\u00eei m\u00e9t l\u00f3c. Trong cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng t\u00f5 1924 \u00ae\u00d5n 1927, Qu\u00e8c C\u00e9ng li\u00aan h\u00eep, th\u00d5 l\u00f9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00eb Hoa Nam \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00f5 nh\u00e1 bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh l\u00edn, v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00beng l\u00eei trong cu\u00e9c B\u00bec ph\u00b9t, v\u00b5 b\u00e4n qu\u00a9n phi\u00d6t c\u00f2 b\u00de \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00e6. N\u00a8m 1927, th\u00d5 l\u00f9c nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n do \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o, b\u00de th\u00d5 l\u00f9c ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00b8nh, bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh r\u00cat nh\u00e1. R\u00e5i nh\u00ea t\u00c8y tr\u00f5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec khuynh h\u2212\u00edng c\u00ac h\u00e9i trong h\u00b5ng ng\u00f2 m\u00d7nh, th\u00d5 l\u00f9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng l\u00b9i d\u00c7n d\u00c7n to. Trong nh\u00f7ng c\u00a8n c\u00f8 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng do \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o, n\u00abng d\u00a9n \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00f5 \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de b\u00de th\u00e8ng tr\u00de bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de th\u00e8ng tr\u00de; c\u00dfn \u00ae\u00dea ch\u00f1 th\u00d7 t\u00f5 \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de th\u00e8ng tr\u00de bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de b\u00de th\u00e8ng tr\u00de. Tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi, lu\u00abn lu\u00abn c\u00b8i m\u00edi thay th\u00d5 c\u00b8i c\u00f2 nh\u2212 v\u00cby. \u00eb m\u00e9t th\u00eai k\u00fa n\u00b5o \u00ae\u00e3 trong cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n kh\u00e3 kh\u00a8n nhi\u00d2u h\u00acn \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n thu\u00cbn l\u00eei; l\u00f3c \u00ae\u00e3, kh\u00e3 kh\u00a8n l\u00b5 m\u00c6t ch\u00ddnh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, m\u00b5 thu\u00cbn l\u00eei l\u00b5 m\u00c6t ph\u00f4. Song, do c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan c\u00e8 g\u00beng, d\u00c7n d\u00c7n v\u2212\u00eet qua kh\u00e3 kh\u00a8n, m\u00eb r\u00e9ng thu\u00cbn l\u00eei, th\u00d7 m\u00c6t kh\u00e3 kh\u00a8n s\u00cf nh\u2212\u00eang ch\u00e7 cho m\u00c6t thu\u00cbn l\u00eei. \u00eb Trung Qu\u00e8c, sau c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng th\u00cat b\u00b9i n\u00a8m 1927, trong cu\u00e9c v\u00b9n l\u00fd tr\u2212\u00eang chinh c\u00f1a H\u00e5ng qu\u00a9n, t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00d2u nh\u2212 v\u00cby. Trong cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng Nh\u00cbt, Trung Qu\u00e8c \u00eb v\u00b5o \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de kh\u00e3 kh\u00a8n. Song Trung Qu\u00e8c ra s\u00f8c thay \u00ae\u00e6i t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh \u00cay, khi\u00d5n cho t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh gi\u00f7a Trung Qu\u00e8c v\u00b5 Nh\u00cbt thay \u00ae\u00e6i h\u00bcn. Tr\u00b8i l\u00b9i, n\u00d5u \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan ph\u00b9m nhi\u00d2u sai nh\u00c7m, th\u00d7 thu\u00cbn l\u00eei c\u00f2ng c\u00e3 th\u00d3 bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh kh\u00e3 kh\u00a8n. Nh\u2212 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng 1924 - 1927 \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00beng l\u00eei, m\u00b5 bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh th\u00cat b\u00b9i. Sau 1927, c\u00b8c t\u00d8nh \u00eb Hoa Nam \u00ae\u00b7 x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng c\u00a8n c\u00f8 \u00ae\u00dea, nh\u2212ng \u00ae\u00d5n 1934 l\u00b9i th\u00cat b\u00b9i.","588 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp Khi nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2, t\u00f5 ch\u00e7 kh\u00abng bi\u00d5t \u00ae\u00d5n ch\u00e7 bi\u00d5t, m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00f2ng nh\u2212 th\u00d5. Khi b\u00bet \u00ae\u00c7u nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c, ta kh\u00abng bi\u00d5t ho\u00c6c bi\u00d5t \u00ddt ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c, r\u00e5i ta hi\u00d3u bi\u00d5t ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c - hai \u00aei\u00d2u \u00ae\u00e3 (kh\u00abng bi\u00d5t v\u00b5 bi\u00d5t) m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n l\u00c9n nhau. Song v\u00d7 ta ra s\u00f8c h\u00e4c h\u00e1i, r\u00e5i do ch\u00e7 kh\u00abng bi\u00d5t bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh ch\u00e7 bi\u00d5t, do bi\u00d5t \u00ddt bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh bi\u00d5t nhi\u00d2u, do ch\u00e7 kh\u00abng bi\u00d5t \u00b8p d\u00f4ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh bi\u00d5t \u00b8p d\u00f4ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00e3. C\u00e3 ng\u2212\u00eai cho r\u00bbng: \u00a7\u00dea v\u00de c\u00f1a c\u00b8c m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n kh\u00abng thay \u00ae\u00e6i, th\u00dd d\u00f4: - m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00f1a l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng s\u00b6n xu\u00cat v\u00b5 quan h\u00d6 s\u00b6n xu\u00cat, l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng s\u00b6n xu\u00cat l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh, - m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00f1a l\u00fd lu\u00cbn v\u00b5 th\u00f9c h\u00b5nh, th\u00f9c h\u00b5nh l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh, - m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00f1a kinh t\u00d5 v\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, kinh t\u00d5 l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh. Ngh\u00dc nh\u2212 th\u00d5, l\u00b5 m\u00b8y m\u00e3c, ch\u00f8 kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i duy v\u00cbt bi\u00d6n ch\u00f8ng. C\u00e8 nhi\u00aan, l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng s\u00b6n xu\u00cat, th\u00f9c h\u00b5nh, n\u00d2n t\u00b6ng kinh t\u00d5, n\u00e3i chung l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh, c\u00e3 t\u00b8c d\u00f4ng quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh. Ai kh\u00abng nh\u00cbn nh\u2212 th\u00d5, kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i l\u00b5 duy v\u00cbt. Song, d\u2212\u00edi nh\u00f7ng \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, th\u00d7 quan h\u00d6 s\u00b6n xu\u00cat, l\u00fd lu\u00cbn, ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de - l\u00b9i chuy\u00d3n l\u00b9i c\u00e3 t\u00b8c d\u00f4ng quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh. Ta c\u00f2ng ph\u00b6i nh\u00cbn \u00aei\u00d2u \u00ae\u00e3. N\u00d5u kh\u00abng thay \u00ae\u00e6i quan h\u00d6 s\u00b6n xu\u00cat, th\u00d7 l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng s\u00b6n xu\u00cat kh\u00abng th\u00d3 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n, l\u00f3c \u00ae\u00e3 s\u00f9 thay \u00ae\u00e6i quan h\u00d6 s\u00b6n xu\u00cat bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh ch\u00ddnh. Khi kh\u00abng c\u00e3 l\u00fd lu\u00cbn c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng th\u00d7 kh\u00abng c\u00e3 v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. L\u00f3c \u00ae\u00e3, s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d2 x\u2212\u00edng l\u00fd lu\u00cbn c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh ch\u00ddnh. Khi c\u00c7n l\u00b5m m\u00e9t vi\u00d6c g\u00d7 (v\u00ab lu\u00cbn vi\u00d6c g\u00d7 c\u00f2ng v\u00cby) m\u00b5 ch\u2212a c\u00e3 ph\u2212\u00acng ch\u00a9m, ph\u2212\u00acng ph\u00b8p, k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch, ho\u00c6c l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch, th\u00d7 \u00ae\u00denh r\u00e2 ph\u2212\u00acng ch\u00a9m, ph\u2212\u00acng ph\u00b8p, k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch - l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh. Khi ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, v\u00a8n h\u00e3a, v.v., ng\u00a8n tr\u00eb kinh t\u00d5 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n - th\u00d7 thay \u00ae\u00e6i ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, v\u00a8n h\u00e3a l\u00b9i l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh.","b\u00b5n v\u00d2 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n 589 N\u00e3i nh\u2212 th\u00d5, kh\u00abng c\u00e3 g\u00d7 tr\u00b8i v\u00edi duy v\u00cbt. V\u00d7 ch\u00f3ng ta th\u00f5a nh\u00cbn: Trong s\u00f9 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n chung c\u00f1a l\u00dech s\u00f6, v\u00cbt ch\u00cat quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh tinh th\u00c7n; s\u00f9 t\u00e5n t\u00b9i c\u00f1a x\u00b7 h\u00e9i quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng c\u00f1a x\u00b7 h\u00e9i. Nh\u2212ng \u00ae\u00e5ng th\u00eai c\u00f2ng ph\u00b6i th\u00f5a nh\u00cbn: Tinh th\u00c7n c\u00e3 t\u00b8c d\u00f4ng \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng l\u00b9i v\u00cbt ch\u00cat; \u00fd th\u00f8c c\u00f1a x\u00b7 h\u00e9i c\u00e3 t\u00b8c d\u00f4ng \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng l\u00b9i s\u00f9 s\u00e8ng c\u00dfn c\u00f1a x\u00b7 h\u00e9i; ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, v\u00a8n h\u00e3a c\u00e3 t\u00b8c d\u00f4ng \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng l\u00b9i n\u00d2n t\u00b6ng kinh t\u00d5. Khi nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u t\u00ddnh ri\u00aang bi\u00d6t c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, n\u00d5u kh\u00abng nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n n\u00b5o l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh v\u00b5 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n n\u00b5o l\u00b5 ph\u00f4, m\u00c6t n\u00b5o l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n v\u00b5 m\u00c6t n\u00b5o kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh - th\u00d7 s\u00cf ph\u00b9m v\u00b5o tr\u00f5u t\u2212\u00eeng, s\u00cf kh\u00abng hi\u00d3u \u00ae\u2212\u00eec t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh c\u00f4 th\u00d3 c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Do \u00ae\u00e3 m\u00b5 kh\u00abng t\u00d7m \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00b8ch gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. T\u00ddnh ri\u00aang bi\u00d6t (ho\u00c6c kh\u00b8c nhau) c\u00f1a hai th\u00f8 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00ae\u00e3, \u00ae\u00d2u l\u00b5 t\u00ddnh kh\u00abng th\u00a8ng b\u00bbng c\u00f1a l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi kh\u00abng c\u00e3 c\u00b8i g\u00d7 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n m\u00e9t c\u00b8ch tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i th\u00a8ng b\u00bbng. Ch\u00f3ng ta ph\u00b6i ch\u00e8ng c\u00b8i l\u00fd lu\u00cbn th\u00a8ng b\u00bbng. \u00a7\u00e5ng th\u00eai, t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh c\u00f4 th\u00d3 c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, v\u00b5 s\u00f9 bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a trong qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n ch\u00ddnh v\u00b5 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i ch\u00ddnh - ch\u00ddnh l\u00b5 t\u00e1 r\u00e2 c\u00b8i l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng s\u00f9 v\u00cbt m\u00edi thay th\u00d5 s\u00f9 v\u00cbt c\u00f2. Nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh kh\u00abng th\u00a8ng b\u00bbng c\u00f1a c\u00b8c th\u00f8 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n ch\u00ddnh v\u00b5 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i ch\u00ddnh, nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u m\u00c6t n\u00b5o c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh, m\u00c6t n\u00b5o kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh, - \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng ph\u2212\u00acng ph\u00b8p quan tr\u00e4ng cho \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, \u00ae\u00d3 \u00can \u00ae\u00denh \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben chi\u00d5n l\u2212\u00eec, chi\u00d5n thu\u00cbt v\u00d2 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de v\u00b5 v\u00d2 qu\u00a9n s\u00f9. 5. t\u00ddnh th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat v\u00b5 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a c\u00b8c m\u00c6t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00a7\u00b7 hi\u00d3u nh\u00f7ng \u00aei\u00d3m tr\u00aan, c\u00dfn ph\u00b6i nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2: t\u00ddnh th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat v\u00b5 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a c\u00b8c m\u00c6t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. T\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat, t\u00ddnh th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat, t\u00ddnh nh\u00cat tr\u00dd th\u00cam l\u00c9n v\u00b5o nhau, th\u00abng su\u00e8t l\u00c9n nhau, n\u2212\u00acng d\u00f9a l\u00c9n nhau, li\u00aan h\u00d6 l\u00c9n v\u00edi","590 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp nhau, h\u00eep t\u00b8c v\u00edi nhau, - nh\u00f7ng ch\u00f7 \u00ae\u00e3 \u00ae\u00d2u c\u00e3 m\u00e9t \u00fd ngh\u00dca. \u00fd ngh\u00dca \u00cay l\u00b5: 1.- Trong qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt, m\u00e7i m\u00c6t trong hai m\u00c6t c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n ph\u00b6i c\u00e3 m\u00c6t \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp kia m\u00edi t\u00e5n t\u00b9i, m\u00b5 hai m\u00c6t \u00ae\u00d2u c\u00efng \u00eb trong m\u00e9t c\u00b8i \u201cth\u00d3\u201d th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat. 2.- Theo \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, m\u00e7i m\u00c6t \u00ae\u00d2u nh\u00bbm v\u00b5o m\u00c6t \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp c\u00f1a n\u00e3 m\u00b5 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a. \u00a7\u00e3 t\u00f8c l\u00b5 t\u00ddnh th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat. L\u00aanin n\u00e3i: Bi\u00d6n ch\u00f8ng ph\u00b8p l\u00b5 m\u00e9t h\u00e4c thuy\u00d5t nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u: - \u00a7\u00e8i l\u00cbp v\u00d7 sao c\u00e3 th\u00d3 \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat, l\u00b9i v\u00d7 sao bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat? Do \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n g\u00d7 m\u00b5 hai m\u00c6t c\u00e3 th\u00d3 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau, m\u00b5 th\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat? V\u00d7 sao kh\u00abng n\u00aan xem s\u00f9 \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp \u00ae\u00e3 nh\u2212 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t th\u00f8 ch\u00d5t, m\u00e9t th\u00f8 c\u00e8 \u00ae\u00denh; m\u00b5 ph\u00b6i xem \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t th\u00f8 s\u00e8ng, m\u00e9t th\u00f8 c\u00e3 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n, c\u00e3 th\u00d3 bi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00e9ng, c\u00e3 th\u00d3 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau? Ngh\u00dca l\u00b5: T\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c m\u00c6t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n trong h\u00d5t th\u00c8y qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh, \u00ae\u00d2u l\u00b5 ch\u00e8ng l\u00c9n nhau, \u00ae\u00cau tranh l\u00c9n nhau, \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp l\u00c9n nhau. T\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh s\u00f9 v\u00cbt tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00b5 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng c\u00f1a lo\u00b5i ng\u2212\u00eai, \u00ae\u00d2u bao g\u00e5m nh\u00f7ng m\u00c6t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n nh\u2212 th\u00d5. Qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh gi\u00b6n \u00ae\u00acn, th\u00d7 c\u00e3 hai m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh ph\u00f8c t\u00b9p th\u00d7 c\u00e3 nhi\u00d2u m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Gi\u00f7a nh\u00f7ng \u00ae\u00abi m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, l\u00b9i m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n l\u00c9n nhau. Nh\u00f7ng m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00cay x\u00a9y n\u00aan t\u00cat c\u00b6 m\u00e4i s\u00f9 v\u00cbt tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00b5 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng c\u00f1a lo\u00b5i ng\u2212\u00eai, v\u00b5 l\u00b5m cho s\u00f9 v\u00cbt v\u00b5 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng. Nh\u2212 th\u00d5 l\u00b5 r\u00cat kh\u00abng \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat, r\u00cat kh\u00abng th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat. Sao l\u00b9i b\u00b6o l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat ho\u00c6c th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat? V\u00d7 c\u00b8c m\u00c6t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n kh\u00abng th\u00d3 c\u00ab l\u00cbp m\u00b5 t\u00e5n t\u00b9i. N\u00d5u kh\u00abng c\u00e3 m\u00c6t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp v\u00edi n\u00e3, th\u00d7 t\u00f9 n\u00e3 c\u00f2ng m\u00cat \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n \u00ae\u00d3 t\u00e5n t\u00b9i: - Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 s\u00e8ng, th\u00d7 ch\u00d5t c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng c\u00e3. Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 ch\u00d5t, th\u00d7 s\u00e8ng c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng c\u00e3. - Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 tr\u00aan th\u00d7 l\u00b5m g\u00d7 c\u00e3 d\u2212\u00edi. Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 d\u2212\u00edi th\u00d7 l\u00b5m g\u00d7 c\u00e3 tr\u00aan. - Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 h\u00e4a th\u00d7 c\u00e3 g\u00d7 l\u00b5 ph\u00f3c. Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 ph\u00f3c, th\u00d7 kh\u00abng c\u00e3 g\u00d7 l\u00b5 h\u00e4a.","b\u00b5n v\u00d2 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n 591 - Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 thu\u00cbn l\u00eei th\u00d7 kh\u00abng c\u00e3 g\u00d7 l\u00b5 kh\u00e3 kh\u00a8n. Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 kh\u00e3 kh\u00a8n th\u00d7 kh\u00abng c\u00e3 g\u00d7 l\u00b5 thu\u00cbn l\u00eei. - Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 \u00ae\u00dea ch\u00f1 th\u00d7 kh\u00abng c\u00e3 t\u00b8 \u00aei\u00d2n. Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 t\u00b8 \u00aei\u00d2n th\u00d7 c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng c\u00e3 \u00ae\u00dea ch\u00f1. - Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n th\u00d7 c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng c\u00e3 giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n. Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 v\u00ab s\u00b6n th\u00d7 kh\u00abng c\u00e3 t\u2212 s\u00b6n. - Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c \u00b8p b\u00f8c th\u00d7 kh\u00abng c\u00e3 thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea v\u00b5 n\u00f6a thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea. Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea v\u00b5 n\u00f6a thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea th\u00d7 c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng c\u00e3 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c. T\u00cat c\u00b6 m\u00e4i th\u00b5nh ph\u00c7n \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp \u00ae\u00d2u nh\u2212 v\u00cby. Do nh\u00f7ng \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, m\u00e9t m\u00c6t th\u00d7 ch\u00e8ng ch\u00e4i nhau, m\u00e9t m\u00c6t l\u00b9i li\u00aan h\u00d6 l\u00c9n nhau, ch\u00bbng ch\u00det l\u00c9n nhau, n\u2212\u00acng t\u00f9a l\u00c9n nhau. T\u00ddnh ch\u00cat \u00cay g\u00e4i l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat. V\u00d7 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh m\u00b5 t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c m\u00c6t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00ae\u00d2u c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh kh\u00b8c nhau, cho n\u00aan g\u00e4i l\u00b5 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Song \u00ae\u00e5ng th\u00eai l\u00b9i c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat, cho n\u00aan n\u00e3 li\u00aan h\u00d6 l\u00c9n v\u00edi nhau. L\u00aanin b\u00b6o r\u00bbng: Bi\u00d6n ch\u00f8ng ph\u00b8p nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u \u201cv\u00d7 sao \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp c\u00e3 th\u00d3 l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat\u201d l\u00b5 nh\u2212 th\u00d5. V\u00d7 sao m\u00b5 c\u00e3 th\u00d3? V\u00d7 \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp l\u00b5 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n t\u00e5n t\u00b9i l\u00c9n cho nhau. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 \u00fd ngh\u00dca th\u00f8 nh\u00cat c\u00f1a t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat. Song, ch\u00d8 n\u00e3i: Hai m\u00c6t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n l\u00b5m \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n t\u00e5n t\u00b9i l\u00c9n cho nhau; v\u00d7 c\u00e3 th\u00d3 c\u00efng t\u00e5n t\u00b9i trong m\u00e9t c\u00b8i \u201cth\u00d3\u201d th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat, m\u00b5 hai m\u00c6t c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat; n\u00e3i nh\u2212 v\u00cby, c\u00f2ng ch\u2212a \u00ae\u00f1. Quan tr\u00e4ng h\u00acn n\u00f7a l\u00b5 s\u00f9 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau c\u00f1a nh\u00f7ng s\u00f9 v\u00cbt m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Ngh\u00dca l\u00b5: V\u00d7 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, hai m\u00c6t c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n n\u00e9i b\u00e9 c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt \u00ae\u00d2u nh\u00bbm v\u00b5o m\u00c6t \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp v\u00edi m\u00d7nh m\u00b5 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 \u00fd ngh\u00dca th\u00f8 hai c\u00f1a t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat. Th\u00dd d\u00f4: - Giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n, nguy\u00aan l\u00b5 b\u00de th\u00e8ng tr\u00de, do c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng m\u00b5 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh giai c\u00cap th\u00e8ng tr\u00de. Giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n th\u00e8ng tr\u00de th\u00d7 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh giai c\u00cap b\u00de th\u00e8ng tr\u00de.","592 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp Th\u00d5 l\u00b5 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a \u00ae\u00d5n \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de c\u00f2 c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00e8i ph\u2212\u00acng. Li\u00aan X\u00ab \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00b5m nh\u2212 v\u00cby. To\u00b5n th\u00d5 gi\u00edi c\u00f2ng s\u00cf l\u00b5m nh\u2212 v\u00cby. N\u00d5u kh\u00abng c\u00e3 s\u00f9 li\u00aan h\u00d6 v\u00b5 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat trong nh\u00f7ng \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, th\u00d7 th\u00d5 n\u00b5o m\u00b5 c\u00e3 s\u00f9 bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a \u00cay? - \u00eb m\u00e9t giai \u00aeo\u00b9n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng Trung Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 t\u00b8c d\u00f4ng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng ch\u00f5ng n\u00b5o \u00ae\u00e3. Nh\u2212ng v\u00d7 t\u00ddnh giai c\u00cap c\u00f1a n\u00e3 v\u00b5 v\u00d7 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c l\u00abi k\u00d0o (\u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n) m\u00b5 t\u00f5 1927 n\u00e3 \u00ae\u00b7 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh ph\u00b6n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. L\u00b9i v\u00d7 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n s\u00a9u s\u00bec gi\u00f7a Trung Qu\u00e8c v\u00b5 Nh\u00cbt B\u00b6n v\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n (\u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n) m\u00b5 Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng ph\u00b6i t\u00b8n th\u00b5nh kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng Nh\u00cbt. Nh\u00f7ng c\u00b8i m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n nhau do c\u00b8i n\u00b5y bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh c\u00b8i kia, trong \u00ae\u00e3 g\u00e5m c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh. - Do c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat m\u00b5 giai c\u00cap \u00ae\u00dea ch\u00f1 nguy\u00aan c\u00e3 ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat, nay chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh giai c\u00cap kh\u00abng c\u00e3 ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat. M\u00b5 n\u00abng d\u00a9n nguy\u00aan l\u00b5 m\u00e9t giai c\u00cap m\u00cat c\u00b6 ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat ho\u00c6c c\u00e3 \u00ddt ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat, nay chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e3 \u00ae\u00f1 ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat. Nh\u00a9n \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh m\u00b5 c\u00e3 v\u00b5 kh\u00abng, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec v\u00b5 m\u00cat li\u00aan h\u00d6 l\u00c9n v\u00edi nhau. Hai m\u00c6t \u00cay \u00ae\u00d2u c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat. V\u00edi \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca, ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 t\u2212 h\u00f7u c\u00f1a n\u00abng d\u00a9n l\u00b9i chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 c\u00abng h\u00f7u c\u00f1a n\u00abng nghi\u00d6p x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca. Li\u00aan X\u00ab \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00b5m nh\u2212 th\u00d5. To\u00b5n th\u00d5 gi\u00edi c\u00f2ng s\u00cf l\u00b5m nh\u2212 th\u00d5. Gi\u00f7a c\u00f1a ri\u00aang v\u00b5 c\u00f1a c\u00abng c\u00e3 c\u00b8i c\u00c7u t\u00f5 ph\u00dda n\u00b5y sang ph\u00dda kia. Tri\u00d5t h\u00e4c g\u00e4i n\u00e3 l\u00b5 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat, ho\u00c6c l\u00b5 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau. - C\u00f1ng c\u00e8 v\u00ab s\u00b6n chuy\u00aan ch\u00ddnh ho\u00c6c nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n chuy\u00aan ch\u00ddnh, ch\u00ddnh l\u00b5 chu\u00c8n b\u00de \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n \u00ae\u00d3 ti\u00d5n \u00ae\u00d5n giai \u00aeo\u00b9n cao h\u00acn, t\u00f8c l\u00b5 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t chuy\u00aan ch\u00ddnh \u00cay, ti\u00aau di\u00d6t ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 Nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc. C\u00f1ng c\u00e8 \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n ch\u00ddnh l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d3 chu\u00c8n b\u00de \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n \u00ae\u00d3 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c ch\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00b6ng. X\u00a9y d\u00f9ng qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng do \u00a7\u00b6ng l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o, ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh chi\u00d5n tranh c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng ch\u00ddnh l\u00b5 chu\u00c8n b\u00de \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n \u00ae\u00d3 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t h\u00d5t th\u00b6y chi\u00d5n tranh.","b\u00b5n v\u00d2 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n 593 Nhi\u00d2u c\u00b8i tr\u00b8i ng\u2212\u00eec nhau, \u00ae\u00e5ng th\u00eai l\u00b9i l\u00b5 t\u00b8c th\u00b5nh nhau. - Chi\u00d5n tranh v\u00b5 h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh c\u00f2ng chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau. Th\u00dd d\u00f4: Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat, sau chi\u00d5n tranh, chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh. N\u00e9i chi\u00d5n \u00eb Trung Qu\u00e8c ch\u00cam d\u00f8t, th\u00d7 n\u00e9i chi\u00d5n chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh trong n\u2212\u00edc. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 chi\u00d5n tranh chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh. H\u00dfa b\u00d7nh chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh chi\u00d5n tranh, th\u00dd d\u00f4 nh\u2212: T\u00f5 1927, cu\u00e9c h\u00eep t\u00b8c gi\u00f7a Qu\u00e8c v\u00b5 C\u00e9ng chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh n\u00e9i chi\u00d5n. Th\u00d5 gi\u00edi \u00aeang h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi chi\u00d5n tranh. V\u00d7 sao v\u00cby? V\u00d7 trong x\u00b7 h\u00e9i c\u00e3 giai c\u00cap, hai s\u00f9 v\u00cbt m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n nhau nh\u2212 chi\u00d5n tranh v\u00b5 h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh, v\u00edi \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, \u00ae\u00d2u c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat. T\u00cat c\u00b6 m\u00e4i c\u00b8i m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n nhau, li\u00aan h\u00d6 l\u00c9n nhau; ch\u00bcng nh\u00f7ng do \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh m\u00b5 n\u00e3 c\u00efng \u00eb chung trong m\u00e9t c\u00b8i th\u00d3 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat, m\u00b5 v\u00edi \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh n\u00e3 l\u00b9i chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 to\u00b5n b\u00e9 \u00fd ngh\u00dca c\u00f1a t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 \u00fd t\u00f8 m\u00b5 L\u00aanin b\u00b6o r\u00bbng: Th\u00d5 n\u00b5o m\u00b5 bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat? V\u00edi \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n g\u00d7 n\u00e3 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau, th\u00b5nh ra \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat? \u201cV\u00d7 sao \u00ae\u00c7u \u00e3c ng\u2212\u00eai ta kh\u00abng n\u00aan xem nh\u00f7ng c\u00b8i \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp \u00ae\u00e3 nh\u2212 l\u00b5 ch\u00d5t, l\u00b5 c\u00e8 \u00ae\u00denh; m\u00b5 l\u00b5 s\u00e8ng, sinh \u00ae\u00e9ng, c\u00e3 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n, hay bi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00e9ng, c\u00e3 th\u00d3 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau?\u201d. V\u00d7 s\u00f9 v\u00cbt kh\u00b8ch quan v\u00e8n l\u00b5 nh\u2212 v\u00cby. T\u00ddnh th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat (\u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat) v\u00d2 c\u00b8c m\u00c6t trong s\u00f9 v\u00cbt m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00ae\u00d2u kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i ch\u00d5t, c\u00e8 \u00ae\u00denh, m\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d2u sinh \u00ae\u00e9ng, c\u00e3 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n, c\u00e3 th\u00d3 bi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00e9ng, l\u00b5 t\u00b9m th\u00eai, t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i, - do \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, m\u00b5 t\u00cat c\u00b6 m\u00e4i s\u00f9 v\u00cbt chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a sang m\u00c6t \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp c\u00f1a n\u00e3. T\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh \u00cay ph\u00b6n \u00b8nh v\u00b5o t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng c\u00f1a ng\u2212\u00eai ta, m\u00b5 t\u00b9o th\u00b5nh v\u00f2 tr\u00f4 quan duy v\u00cbt bi\u00d6n ch\u00f8ng c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c. Ch\u00d8 c\u00e3 b\u00e4n th\u00e8ng tr\u00de ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng v\u00b5 b\u00e4n tay sai c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng l\u00b5 ph\u00b8i duy t\u00a9m m\u00edi cho s\u00f9 v\u00cbt l\u00b5 ch\u00d5t, l\u00b5 c\u00e8 \u00ae\u00denh. Ch\u00f3ng l\u00b9i tuy\u00aan","594 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp truy\u00d2n c\u00b8ch xem x\u00d0t sai l\u00c7m \u00cay, \u00ae\u00d3 l\u00f5a g\u00b9t qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng, \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b9t m\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch th\u00e8ng tr\u00de c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng. Nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 c\u00f1a ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng l\u00b5 ph\u00b6i ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng duy t\u00a9m ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng, ph\u00b6i tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n bi\u00d6n ch\u00f8ng ph\u00b8p, \u00ae\u00c8y t\u00edi s\u00f9 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt, \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b9t \u00ae\u00d5n m\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. Ch\u00f3ng ta n\u00e3i m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n t\u00f8c l\u00b5 nh\u00f7ng m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00e3 th\u00f9c, m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00f4 th\u00d3. M\u00b5 s\u00f9 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau c\u00f2ng l\u00b5 c\u00e3 th\u00f9c, c\u00f4 th\u00d3. Trong truy\u00d6n \u00ae\u00eai x\u2212a th\u2212\u00eang n\u00e3i \u00ae\u00d5n th\u00c7n ti\u00aan bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a - \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 nh\u00f7ng bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a ch\u00f1 quan, \u00b6o t\u2212\u00ebng, ng\u00a9y th\u00ac, do nh\u00f7ng bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a c\u00e3 th\u00f9c v\u00b5 ph\u00f8c t\u00b9p l\u00b5m cho ng\u2212\u00eai ta t\u2212\u00ebng t\u2212\u00eeng; ch\u00f8 kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i nh\u00f7ng bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a c\u00f4 th\u00d3 c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00f4 th\u00d3. M\u00b8c n\u00e3i: C\u00b8c th\u00c7n tho\u00b9i \u00ae\u00d2u d\u00efng s\u00f9 t\u2212\u00ebng t\u2212\u00eeng \u00ae\u00d3 chinh ph\u00f4c s\u00f8c thi\u00aan nhi\u00aan, chi ph\u00e8i s\u00f8c thi\u00aan nhi\u00aan, h\u00d7nh t\u2212\u00eeng h\u00e3a s\u00f8c thi\u00aan nhi\u00aan. Cho n\u00aan, khi s\u00f8c thi\u00aan nhi\u00aan \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de chi ph\u00e8i th\u00cbt s\u00f9, th\u00d7 \u201cth\u00c7n tho\u00b9i\u201d c\u00f2ng m\u00cat. Nh\u00f7ng vi\u00d6c thi\u00aan bi\u00d5n v\u00b9n h\u00e3a trong c\u00b8c \u201cth\u00c7n tho\u00b9i\u201d \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ng\u2212\u00eai ta th\u00ddch, v\u00d7 n\u00e3 t\u2212\u00ebng t\u2212\u00eeng ra nh\u00f7ng vi\u00d6c ng\u2212\u00eai chinh ph\u00f4c s\u00f8c thi\u00aan nhi\u00aan. Song th\u00c7n tho\u00b9i kh\u00abng c\u00a8n c\u00f8 v\u00b5o \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00f4 th\u00d3, cho n\u00aan n\u00e3 l\u00b5 \u00b6o t\u2212\u00ebng, n\u00e3 kh\u00abng ph\u00b6n \u00b8nh khoa h\u00e4c hi\u00d6n th\u00f9c. Bi\u00d6n ch\u00f8ng ph\u00b8p c\u00f1a M\u00b8c m\u00edi ph\u00b6n \u00b8nh t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat c\u00f1a s\u00f9 bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a hi\u00d6n th\u00f9c, m\u00e9t c\u00b8ch khoa h\u00e4c. V\u00d7 sao tr\u00f8ng g\u00b5 n\u00eb ra g\u00b5 con m\u00b5 vi\u00aan \u00ae\u00b8 kh\u00abng n\u00eb ra g\u00b5 con? V\u00d7 sao chi\u00d5n tranh v\u00b5 h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat, m\u00b5 chi\u00d5n tranh v\u00edi vi\u00aan \u00ae\u00b8 kh\u00abng c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat? V\u00d7 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n ph\u00b6i c\u00e3 nh\u00f7ng \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh v\u00b5 c\u00c7n thi\u00d5t. Thi\u00d5u \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh v\u00b5 c\u00c7n thi\u00d5t th\u00d7 kh\u00abng c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat. V\u00d7 sao \u00eb Nga, c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng t\u2212 s\u00b6n h\u00e5i th\u00b8ng 2 v\u00b5 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00ab s\u00b6n h\u00e5i th\u00b8ng 10-1917 tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p li\u00aan h\u00d6 v\u00edi nhau? M\u00b5 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng t\u2212 s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p48 kh\u00abng tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p li\u00aan h\u00d6 v\u00edi c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca, v\u00b5 C\u00abng x\u00b7 Pari49 (1871) b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i?","b\u00b5n v\u00d2 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n 595 V\u00d7 sao ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 kinh t\u00d5 l\u00b9c h\u00cbu \u00eb M\u00abng C\u00e6 v\u00b5 \u00eb v\u00efng gi\u00f7a ch\u00a9u \u00b8 l\u00b9i tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p li\u00aan h\u00d6 v\u00edi ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca x\u00b7 h\u00e9i? V\u00d7 sao c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Trung Qu\u00e8c kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i kinh qua con \u00ae\u2212\u00eang t\u2212 b\u00b6n, c\u00e3 th\u00d3 tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p li\u00aan h\u00d6 v\u00edi ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca x\u00b7 h\u00e9i, v\u00b5 kh\u00abng c\u00c7n \u00aei theo con \u00ae\u2212\u00eang c\u00f2 c\u00f1a c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc ph\u2212\u00acng T\u00a9y? Kh\u00abng c\u00c7n kinh qua th\u00eai k\u00fa t\u2212 s\u00b6n chuy\u00aan ch\u00ddnh? V\u00d7 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n c\u00f4 th\u00d3 l\u00f3c b\u00cay gi\u00ea l\u00b5 nh\u2212 th\u00d5. Nh\u2212ng \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh v\u00b5 c\u00c7n thi\u00d5t \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00c7y \u00ae\u00f1, th\u00d7 qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n \u00bet ph\u00b8t sinh nh\u00f7ng m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, m\u00b5 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00cay s\u00cf li\u00aan h\u00d6 l\u00c9n nhau, chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau. N\u00d5u kh\u00abng v\u00cby, th\u00d7 kh\u00abng c\u00e3 g\u00d7 c\u00b6. T\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat l\u00b5 nh\u2212 th\u00d5. C\u00dfn t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00cau tranh l\u00b5 g\u00d7? T\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat v\u00b5 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00cau tranh quan h\u00d6 v\u00edi nhau th\u00d5 n\u00b5o? L\u00aanin n\u00e3i: S\u00f9 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat (nh\u00cat tr\u00dd, h\u00eep nh\u00cat, \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat) c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp l\u00b5 ph\u00b6i c\u00e3 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n, l\u00b5 ch\u00d8 nh\u00cat th\u00eai, l\u00b5 t\u00b9m th\u00eai, l\u00b5 t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i. M\u00b5 s\u00f9 \u00ae\u00cau tranh \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp ch\u00e8ng l\u00c9n nhau l\u00b5 tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i. C\u00f2ng nh\u2212 s\u00f9 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n, s\u00f9 v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng l\u00b5 tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i. Ngh\u00dca l\u00b5: T\u00cat c\u00b6 qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00d2u c\u00e3 tr\u2212\u00edc c\u00e3 sau, \u00ae\u00d2u chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh c\u00b8i \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp c\u00f1a n\u00e3. S\u00f9 t\u00b9m ng\u00f5ng c\u00f1a t\u00cat c\u00b6 qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh l\u00b5 t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i. M\u00b5 qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh n\u00b5y chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a th\u00b5nh qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh kh\u00b8c l\u00b5 tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i. S\u00f9 v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a t\u00cat c\u00b6 s\u00f9 v\u00cbt \u00ae\u00d2u c\u00e3 hai t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng: t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng ng\u00f5ng \u00ae\u00e4ng t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i, v\u00b5 t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng bi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00e9ng r\u00e2 r\u00d6t. C\u00e3 hai t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng \u00cay l\u00b5 v\u00d7 hai c\u00b8i m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00eb trong n\u00e9i b\u00e9 s\u00f9 v\u00cbt \u00ae\u00cau tranh l\u00c9n nhau. Khi s\u00f9 v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt \u00eb v\u00b5o t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng \u201ct\u00dcnh\u201d, n\u00e3 ch\u00d8 bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a v\u00d2 s\u00e8, kh\u00abng bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a v\u00d2 ch\u00cat, cho n\u00aan n\u00e3 c\u00e3 v\u00ce nh\u2212 l\u00b5 y\u00aan l\u00c6ng. Khi s\u00f9 v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt \u00eb v\u00b5o t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng bi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00e9ng l\u00b5 n\u00e3 \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00f5 ch\u00e7 bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a v\u00d2 s\u00e8, \u00ae\u00d5n m\u00e9t m\u00f9c r\u00cat cao, ph\u00b8t sinh ra bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a v\u00d2 ch\u00cat, cho n\u00aan t\u00e1 v\u00ce bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a r\u00e2 r\u00d6t. Trong sinh ho\u00b9t ng\u00b5y th\u2212\u00eang, ch\u00f3ng ta th\u00cay: \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t, li\u00aan","596 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp h\u00eep, \u00aei\u00d2u h\u00dfa, c\u00c7m c\u00f9, b\u00d5 t\u00bec, y\u00aan l\u00c6ng, b\u00d7nh th\u2212\u00eang, ngang nhau, h\u00cap d\u00c9n... \u00a7\u00e3 \u00ae\u00d2u l\u00b5 b\u00f8c v\u00cf s\u00f9 v\u00cbt bi\u00d5n h\u00e3a v\u00d2 s\u00e8. Khi c\u00b8i th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat b\u00de chia s\u00ce, th\u00d7 \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t, li\u00aan h\u00eep, \u00aei\u00d2u h\u00dfa, v.v., s\u00cf tan v\u00ec, n\u00e3 bi\u00d5n sang t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh tr\u00b8i h\u00bcn. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 s\u00f9 v\u00cbt \u00ae\u00b7 bi\u00d5n v\u00d2 ch\u00cat t\u00f5 qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh n\u00b5y sang qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh kh\u00b8c. S\u00f9 v\u00cbt lu\u00abn lu\u00abn t\u00f5 t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng th\u00f8 nh\u00cat chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a sang t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng th\u00f8 hai. M\u00b5 trong c\u00b6 hai t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00d2u c\u00e3 s\u00f9 \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. V\u00b5 kinh qua hai t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng \u00cay m\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b9t \u00ae\u00d5n gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Cho n\u00aan: S\u00f9 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp l\u00b5 ph\u00b6i c\u00e3 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n, l\u00b5 t\u00b9m th\u00eai, l\u00b5 t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i. M\u00b5 s\u00f9 \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp l\u00b5 tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i. Gi\u00f7a hai c\u00b8i tr\u00b8i nhau, c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat, cho n\u00aan hai c\u00b8i \u00cay c\u00e3 th\u00d3 c\u00efng \u00eb trong m\u00e9t c\u00b8i th\u00d3 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat, l\u00b9i c\u00e3 th\u00d3 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau. Ngh\u00dca l\u00b5: V\u00edi nh\u00f7ng \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, nh\u00f7ng c\u00b8i m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n nhau c\u00e3 th\u00d3 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat l\u00b9i, c\u00e3 th\u00d3 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a. N\u00d5u kh\u00abng c\u00e3 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, th\u00d7 kh\u00abng th\u00b5nh m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, kh\u00abng th\u00d3 \u00eb chung, c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng th\u00d3 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a. C\u00e3 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, m\u00edi g\u00a9y n\u00aan t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Cho n\u00aan n\u00e3i: T\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat l\u00b5 ph\u00b6i c\u00e3 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n, l\u00b5 t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i. S\u00f9 \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n th\u00d7 qu\u00b8n xuy\u00d5n t\u00f5 \u00ae\u00c7u \u00ae\u00d5n cu\u00e8i c\u00b8c qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh, \u00eb \u00ae\u00a9u c\u00f2ng c\u00e3 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00ae\u00cau tranh, cho n\u00aan n\u00e3i: M\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00ae\u00cau tranh l\u00b5 kh\u00abng \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n, l\u00b5 tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i. T\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00b5 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00cau tranh tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i k\u00d5t h\u00eep l\u00b9i, l\u00b5m n\u00aan s\u00f9 v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a c\u00b8c m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n trong t\u00cat c\u00b6 m\u00e4i s\u00f9 v\u00cbt. T\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00cau tranh s\u00bdn \u00eb trong t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat. Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00cau tranh, th\u00d7 kh\u00abng c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat. Trong t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat s\u00bdn c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00cau tranh. Trong t\u00ddnh ri\u00aang bi\u00d6t s\u00bdn c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh ph\u00e6 bi\u00d5n. Trong t\u00ddnh ri\u00aang s\u00bdn c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh chung. Nh\u2212 L\u00aanin \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e3i: \u00eb trong nh\u00f7ng c\u00b8i t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 nh\u00f7ng c\u00b8i tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i.","b\u00b5n v\u00d2 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n 597 6. Vai tr\u00df c\u00f1a s\u00f9 \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng trong m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n Trong v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, g\u00e5m c\u00e3 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. \u00a7\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng ch\u00d8 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, ch\u00f8 kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i t\u00cat c\u00b6 m\u00e4i h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Trong x\u00b7 h\u00e9i lo\u00b5i ng\u2212\u00eai, c\u00e3 s\u00f9 \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap - \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t th\u00f8 ri\u00aang bi\u00d6t c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00ae\u00cau tranh. Giai c\u00cap b\u00e3c l\u00e9t v\u00b5 giai c\u00cap b\u00de b\u00e3c l\u00e9t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n v\u00edi nhau (v\u00ab lu\u00cbn \u00eb x\u00b7 h\u00e9i n\u00ab l\u00d6, x\u00b7 h\u00e9i phong ki\u00d5n, ho\u00c6c x\u00b7 h\u00e9i t\u2212 b\u00b6n). Hai giai c\u00cap m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00cay c\u00efng t\u00e5n t\u00b9i l\u00a9u d\u00b5i trong m\u00e9t x\u00b7 h\u00e9i, \u00ae\u00cau tranh l\u00c9n nhau. Song ph\u00b6i ch\u00ea \u00ae\u00d5n khi m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00cay ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n \u00ae\u00d5n m\u00e9t giai \u00aeo\u00b9n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, hai b\u00aan m\u00edi d\u00efng \u00ae\u00d5n h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng b\u00aan ngo\u00b5i, ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n th\u00b5nh c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. Trong x\u00b7 h\u00e9i c\u00e3 giai c\u00cap, do h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a \u00ae\u00d5n chi\u00d5n tranh, c\u00f2ng l\u00b5 nh\u2212 v\u00cby. Khi qu\u00b6 t\u00b9c \u00ae\u00b9n ch\u2212a n\u00e6, l\u00b5 v\u00d7 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh m\u00b5 nh\u00f7ng th\u00f8 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00efng \u00eb chung trong m\u00e9t c\u00b8i th\u00d3 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat. Cho \u00ae\u00d5n khi c\u00e3 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n m\u00edi, th\u00d7 n\u00e3 m\u00edi n\u00e6. Trong gi\u00edi thi\u00aan nhi\u00aan, t\u00cat c\u00b6 m\u00e4i hi\u00d6n t\u2212\u00eeng \u00ae\u00d5n l\u00f3c cu\u00e8i c\u00efng ph\u00b6i d\u00efng h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c xung \u00ae\u00e9t b\u00aan ngo\u00b5i, \u00ae\u00d3 gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00f2 l\u00b5m n\u00c8y ra s\u00f9 v\u00cbt m\u00edi - c\u00f2ng nh\u2212 v\u00cby. Hi\u00d3u r\u00e2 t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh \u00cay, l\u00b5 m\u00e9t \u00aei\u00d2u r\u00cat quan tr\u00e4ng. N\u00e3 l\u00b5m cho ch\u00f3ng ta hi\u00d3u r\u00bbng: Trong x\u00b7 h\u00e9i c\u00e3 giai c\u00cap, kh\u00abng th\u00d3 tr\u00b8nh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00b5 chi\u00d5n tranh c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. N\u00d5u kh\u00abng, th\u00d7 kh\u00abng th\u00d3 ho\u00b5n th\u00b5nh s\u00f9 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n nh\u00b6y v\u00e4t c\u00f1a x\u00b7 h\u00e9i, kh\u00abng \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00e6 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec giai c\u00cap th\u00e8ng tr\u00de ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng, \u00ae\u00d3 cho nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n tranh l\u00cay ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n. Ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n ph\u00b6i ch\u00e8ng nh\u00f7ng l\u00e8i tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n l\u00f5a b\u00dep gi\u00b6 d\u00e8i c\u00f1a b\u00e4n ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng, ch\u00f3ng n\u00e3i r\u00bbng: Kh\u00abng c\u00c7n c\u00e3 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng x\u00b7 h\u00e9i, m\u00b5 c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng th\u00d3 c\u00e3 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng x\u00b7 h\u00e9i. Ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n ph\u00b6i n\u00bem v\u00f7ng l\u00fd lu\u00cbn c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng x\u00b7 h\u00e9i c\u00f1a M\u00b8c v\u00b5 L\u00aanin. Ph\u00b6i","598 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp l\u00b5m cho nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n hi\u00d3u r\u00bbng: C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng x\u00b7 h\u00e9i kh\u00abng nh\u00f7ng r\u00cat c\u00c7n, m\u00b5 l\u00b9i ho\u00b5n to\u00b5n c\u00e3 th\u00d3 l\u00b5m \u00ae\u2212\u00eec. C\u00b6 l\u00dech s\u00f6 lo\u00b5i ng\u2212\u00eai v\u00b5 cu\u00e9c th\u00beng l\u00eei c\u00f1a Li\u00aan X\u00ab, \u00ae\u00b7 ch\u00f8ng t\u00e1 ch\u00a9n l\u00fd \u00cay. Song c\u00c7n ph\u00b6i nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u c\u00f4 th\u00d3 nh\u00f7ng t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh c\u00f1a c\u00b8c th\u00f8 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00ae\u00cau tranh, ch\u00f8 kh\u00abng n\u00aan \u00ae\u2212a c\u00b8i \u201cc\u00abng th\u00f8c\u201d n\u00e3i tr\u00aan m\u00b5 l\u00bep v\u00b5o t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c s\u00f9 v\u00cbt. M\u00a9u thu\u00c9n v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00cau tranh l\u00b5 ph\u00e6 bi\u00d5n, l\u00b5 tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i. Song do t\u00ddnh m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n kh\u00b8c nhau, th\u00d7 c\u00b8ch gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, t\u00f8c l\u00b5 h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c \u00ae\u00cau tranh, ph\u00b6i kh\u00b8c nhau. C\u00e3 th\u00f8 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng c\u00abng khai. C\u00e3 th\u00f8 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n th\u00d7 kh\u00abng nh\u2212 v\u00cby. C\u00e3 th\u00f8 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n th\u00d7 v\u00e8n kh\u00abng c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng, m\u00b5 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n th\u00b5nh t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. C\u00e3 th\u00f8 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n th\u00d7 v\u00e8n l\u00b5 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng m\u00b5 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n th\u00b5nh t\u00ddnh kh\u00abng \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. Nh\u2212: - Khi \u00aeang c\u00dfn giai c\u00cap, m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n gi\u00f7a t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben v\u00b5 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng sai l\u00c7m trong \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, l\u00b5 do m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n giai c\u00cap ph\u00b6n \u00b8nh v\u00b5o trong \u00a7\u00b6ng. L\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c7u, ho\u00c6c c\u00e3 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2, th\u00d7 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00cay kh\u00abng nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh l\u00cbp t\u00f8c th\u00b5nh t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. Nh\u2212ng theo s\u00f9 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap \u00ae\u00cau tranh, th\u00d7 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00cay c\u00e3 th\u00d3 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n th\u00b5nh t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. M\u00a9u thu\u00c9n gi\u00f7a t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben c\u00f1a L\u00aanin v\u00b5 Xtalin v\u00b5 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng sai l\u00c7m c\u00f1a T\u00ear\u00e8txki v\u00b5 Bucarin, l\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c7u kh\u00abng c\u00e3 h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng, nh\u2212ng v\u00d2 sau ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n th\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. M\u00a9u thu\u00c9n gi\u00f7a t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben c\u00f1a nhi\u00d2u \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Trung Qu\u00e8c v\u00b5 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng sai l\u00c7m c\u00f1a Tr\u00c7n \u00a7\u00e9c T\u00f3 v\u00b5 Tr\u2212\u00acng Qu\u00e8c \u00a7\u00b5o, l\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c7u c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng th\u00b5nh h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng, nh\u2212ng v\u00d2 sau ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n th\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. Hi\u00d6n nay, m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n gi\u00f7a t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben v\u00b5 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng sai l\u00c7m trong \u00a7\u00b6ng ta, kh\u00abng c\u00e3 h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. N\u00d5u nh\u00f7ng \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd sai l\u00c7m bi\u00d5t s\u00f6a ch\u00f7a, th\u00d7 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00cay s\u00cf kh\u00abng ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n th\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. V\u00d7 v\u00cby, m\u00e9t m\u00c6t th\u00d7 \u00a7\u00b6ng ph\u00b6i \u00ae\u00cau tranh nghi\u00aam ng\u00c6t ch\u00e8ng nh\u00f7ng t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng sai l\u00c7m; m\u00c6t kh\u00b8c, \u00a7\u00b6ng l\u00b9i ph\u00b6i \u00ae\u00d3 cho c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd sai l\u00c7m c\u00e3 d\u00dep s\u00f6a ch\u00f7a.","b\u00b5n v\u00d2 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n 599 Trong t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng \u00cay, \u00ae\u00cau tranh qu\u00b8 gay g\u00bet, l\u00b5 kh\u00abng h\u00eep. Song, n\u00d5u nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00b7 sai l\u00c7m v\u00c9n kh\u2212 kh\u2212 gi\u00f7 l\u00cay sai l\u00c7m, th\u00d7 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00cay c\u00e3 th\u00d3 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n th\u00b5nh t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. M\u00a9u thu\u00c9n kinh t\u00d5 gi\u00f7a th\u00b5nh th\u00de v\u00b5 th\u00abn qu\u00aa - trong x\u00b7 h\u00e9i t\u2212 b\u00b6n, (t\u2212 b\u00b6n th\u00e8ng tr\u00de th\u00b5nh th\u00de, b\u00e3c l\u00e9t th\u00abn qu\u00aa) - l\u00b5 m\u00e9t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n h\u00d5t s\u00f8c \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. Nh\u2212ng \u00eb c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca v\u00b5 d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 m\u00edi, th\u00d7 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00cay kh\u00abng c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng. M\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, th\u00d7 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00cay s\u00cf h\u00d5t. L\u00aanin n\u00e3i: M\u00a9u thu\u00c9n v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng, hai c\u00b8i kh\u00b8c h\u00bcn nhau. \u00eb x\u00b7 h\u00e9i x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca, kh\u00abng c\u00e3 \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng, m\u00b5 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n v\u00c9n c\u00dfn. Ngh\u00dca l\u00b5: \u00a7\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng ch\u00d8 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n \u00ae\u00cau tranh, ch\u00f8 kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i l\u00b5 t\u00cat c\u00b6 m\u00e4i h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c c\u00f1a n\u00e3. Kh\u00abng n\u00aan g\u00c6p \u00ae\u00a9u c\u00f2ng l\u00bep \u201cc\u00abng th\u00f8c\u201d \u00ae\u00e8i kh\u00b8ng \u00cay v\u00b5o. 7. K\u00d5t lu\u00cbn Quy lu\u00cbt m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt (t\u00f8c l\u00b5 quy lu\u00cbt th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp) l\u00b5 quy lu\u00cbt c\u00a8n b\u00b6n c\u00f1a thi\u00aan nhi\u00aan v\u00b5 c\u00f1a x\u00b7 h\u00e9i. Cho n\u00aan c\u00f2ng l\u00b5 quy lu\u00cbt c\u00a8n b\u00b6n c\u00f1a t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng. Quy lu\u00cbt \u00cay tr\u00b8i h\u00bcn v\u00edi v\u00f2 tr\u00f4 quan c\u00f1a ph\u00b8i duy t\u00a9m. \u00a7\u00e8i v\u00edi l\u00dech s\u00f6 nh\u00cbn th\u00f8c c\u00f1a lo\u00b5i ng\u2212\u00eai, quy lu\u00cbt \u00cay l\u00b5 m\u00e9t cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng l\u00edn. Theo c\u00b8ch xem x\u00d0t c\u00f1a duy v\u00cbt bi\u00d6n ch\u00f8ng, th\u00d7 trong t\u00cat c\u00b6 qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh c\u00f1a s\u00f9 v\u00cbt kh\u00b8ch quan v\u00b5 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng ch\u00f1 quan, \u00ae\u00d2u c\u00e3 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. M\u00a9u thu\u00c9n qu\u00b8n xuy\u00d5n t\u00cat c\u00b6 m\u00e4i qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh - \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 t\u00ddnh ph\u00e6 bi\u00d5n, t\u00ddnh tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Nh\u00f7ng s\u00f9 v\u00cbt m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n nhau, v\u00b5 m\u00e7i m\u00e9t m\u00c6t c\u00f1a n\u00e3, \u00ae\u00d2u c\u00e3 \u00ae\u00c6c \u00aei\u00d3m c\u00f1a n\u00e3 - \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 t\u00ddnh ri\u00aang bi\u00d6t, t\u00ddnh t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n.","600 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp Theo \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh, nh\u00f7ng s\u00f9 v\u00cbt m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n nhau \u00ae\u00d2u c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e5ng nh\u00cat, cho n\u00aan s\u00e8ng chung \u00ae\u2212\u00eec trong m\u00e9t c\u00b8i th\u00d3 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat, l\u00b9i c\u00e3 th\u00d3 chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a \u00ae\u00d5n m\u00c6t \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp kia - \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b9i l\u00b5 t\u00ddnh ri\u00aang bi\u00d6t, t\u00ddnh t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Song, m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n lu\u00abn lu\u00abn \u00ae\u00cau tranh; trong l\u00f3c \u00eb chung v\u00edi nhau, ho\u00c6c l\u00f3c chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau, bao gi\u00ea c\u00f2ng c\u00e3 \u00ae\u00cau tranh. Nh\u00cat l\u00b5 l\u00f3c chuy\u00d3n h\u00e3a l\u00c9n nhau, th\u00d7 \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00b5ng r\u00e2 r\u00d6t - \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b9i l\u00b5 t\u00ddnh ph\u00e6 bi\u00d5n v\u00b5 tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Khi nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u t\u00ddnh ri\u00aang bi\u00d6t v\u00b5 t\u00ddnh t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e8i c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, ph\u00b6i ch\u00f3 \u00fd ph\u00a9n bi\u00d6t m\u00c6t n\u00b5o l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh, m\u00c6t n\u00b5o kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n v\u00b5 c\u00f1a c\u00b8c m\u00c6t m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. Khi nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u t\u00ddnh ph\u00e6 bi\u00d5n v\u00b5 t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n, th\u00d7 ph\u00b6i ch\u00f3 \u00fd c\u00b8c h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c \u00ae\u00cau tranh kh\u00b8c nhau c\u00f1a m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n. N\u00d5u kh\u00abng, th\u00d7 s\u00cf sai l\u00c7m. N\u00d5u nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u k\u00fc v\u00b5 hi\u00d3u r\u00e2 nh\u00f7ng \u00aei\u00d3m n\u00e3i tr\u00aan, th\u00d7 ch\u00f3ng ta c\u00e3 th\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b8nh tan \u201cgi\u00b8o \u00aei\u00d2u\u201d. Gi\u00b8o \u00aei\u00d2u l\u00b5 tr\u00b8i v\u00edi nguy\u00aan t\u00bec c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c - L\u00aanin, n\u00e3 c\u00e3 h\u00b9i cho c\u00abng cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. V\u00b5 c\u00f2ng c\u00e3 th\u00d3 gi\u00f3p nh\u00f7ng \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd c\u00e3 kinh nghi\u00d6m, ch\u00d8nh \u00ae\u00e8n l\u00b9i kinh nghi\u00d6m c\u00f1a h\u00e4, khi\u00d5n cho kinh nghi\u00d6m c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh nguy\u00aan t\u00bec, \u00ae\u00d3 tr\u00b8nh nh\u00f7ng sai l\u00c7m c\u00f1a \u201cch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca kinh nghi\u00d6m\u201d.","601 ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch v\u00b5 b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai","602","603 CH\u00f3 TH\u00ddCH 1. Chi\u00d5n d\u00dech Trung du (c\u00dfn g\u00e4i l\u00b5 chi\u00d5n d\u00dech Tr\u00c7n H\u2212ng \u00a7\u00b9o): Chi\u00d5n d\u00dech di\u00d4n ra t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 25-12-1950 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 17-1-1951, nh\u00bbm ti\u00aau di\u00d6t m\u00e9t b\u00e9 ph\u00cbn sinh l\u00f9c \u00ae\u00dech, ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n chi\u00d5n tranh du k\u00ddch. Trong chi\u00d5n d\u00dech n\u00b5y, ph\u00dda ta \u00ae\u00b7 huy \u00ae\u00e9ng 5 trung \u00aeo\u00b5n b\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9i ch\u00f1 l\u00f9c ph\u00e8i h\u00eep v\u00edi c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb v\u00efng V\u00dcnh Y\u00aan, Ph\u00f3c Y\u00aan, v\u00b5 B\u00bec Ninh. Ch\u00f3ng ta \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t \u00ae\u2212\u00eec m\u00e9t b\u00e9 ph\u00cbn sinh l\u00f9c \u00ae\u00dech v\u00b5 qua chi\u00d5n d\u00dech n\u00b5y, c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang c\u00f1a ta c\u00e3 th\u00aam kinh nghi\u00d6m chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau. Tr.8. 2. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u to\u00b5n qu\u00e8c l\u00c7n th\u00f8 II c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng: H\u00e4p t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 11 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 19-2-1951, t\u00b9i x\u00b7 Vinh Quang, huy\u00d6n Chi\u00aam H\u00e3a, t\u00d8nh Tuy\u00aan Quang. \u00a7\u00a9y l\u00b5 l\u00c7n \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan \u00a7\u00b6ng h\u00e4p \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i c\u00abng khai k\u00d3 t\u00f5 khi th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp. D\u00f9 \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i c\u00e3 h\u00acn 200 \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u thu\u00e9c c\u00b8c \u00a7\u00b6ng b\u00e9 Vi\u00d6t Nam, L\u00b5o v\u00b5 Campuchia thay m\u00c6t cho h\u00acn 76 v\u00b9n \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan trong to\u00b5n \u00a7\u00b6ng. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00b6o lu\u00cbn v\u00b5 th\u00abng qua B\u00b8o c\u00b8o ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh, b\u00b8o c\u00b8o B\u00b5n v\u00d2 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Vi\u00d6t Nam c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd Tr\u2212\u00eang Chinh v\u00b5 c\u00b8c b\u00b8o c\u00b8o v\u00d2 T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00b5 \u00a7i\u00d2u l\u00d6 c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng; v\u00d2 Ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam; v\u00d2 C\u00f1ng c\u00e8 kh\u00e8i \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t; v\u00d2 X\u00a9y d\u00f9ng qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n; v\u00d2 Kinh t\u00d5 t\u00b5i ch\u00ddnh v\u00b5 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 X\u00a9y d\u00f9ng v\u00a8n ngh\u00d6 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam... Trong \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n l\u00dech s\u00f6 m\u00edi, nh\u00bbm \u00ae\u00b8p \u00f8ng v\u00edi y\u00aau c\u00c7u ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh \u00a7\u00b6ng ta ra ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00abng khai v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e6i t\u00aan l\u00b5 \u00a7\u00b6ng Lao \u00ae\u00e9ng Vi\u00d6t Nam. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh c\u00abng t\u00b8c","604 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp chu\u00c8n b\u00de, ti\u00d5n t\u00edi th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp ch\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00b6ng m\u00b8cx\u00ddt \u00eb m\u00e7i n\u2212\u00edc tr\u00aan b\u00b8n \u00ae\u00b6o \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i c\u00f2ng th\u00b6o lu\u00cbn v\u00b5 nh\u00cat tr\u00dd th\u00abng qua \u00a7i\u00d2u l\u00d6 m\u00edi c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00c7u 29 \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd v\u00b5o Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng m\u00edi c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng, b\u00c7u \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh l\u00b5m Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech \u00a7\u00b6ng, \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd Tr\u2212\u00eang Chinh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u l\u00b9i l\u00b5m T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212 Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng. Tr.18. 3. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai Nga: Cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00ab s\u00b6n th\u00beng l\u00eei \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. D\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng b\u00abns\u00aav\u00ddch Nga, \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u l\u00b5 V.I. L\u00aanin, ng\u00b5y 7-11-1917 (t\u00f8c ng\u00b5y 25 th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai, theo l\u00dech Nga), giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n lao \u00ae\u00e9ng Nga \u00ae\u00b7 v\u00efng d\u00cby l\u00cbt \u00ae\u00e6 ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n, th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 X\u00abvi\u00d5t do L\u00aanin \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u. Giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n Nga \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00cbp tan b\u00e9 m\u00b8y th\u00e8ng tr\u00de c\u00f1a c\u00b8c giai c\u00cap b\u00e3c l\u00e9t, l\u00cbp n\u00aan nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc ki\u00d3u m\u00edi - ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n X\u00abvi\u00d5t, m\u00e9t h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c c\u00f1a chuy\u00aan ch\u00ddnh v\u00ab s\u00b6n. T\u00f5 \u00ae\u00e3 n\u2212\u00edc Nga X\u00abvi\u00d5t v\u00f7ng b\u2212\u00edc ti\u00d5n l\u00aan x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t n\u2212\u00edc x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca h\u00efng m\u00b9nh. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai th\u00beng l\u00eei \u00ae\u00b7 m\u00eb \u00ae\u00c7u m\u00e9t th\u00eai \u00ae\u00b9i m\u00edi, th\u00f8c t\u00d8nh giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 to\u00b5n th\u00d3 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n b\u00de \u00b8p b\u00f8c, soi s\u00b8ng con \u00ae\u2212\u00eang cho c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c b\u00de n\u00ab d\u00dech \u00aei t\u00edi c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng v\u00b5 ti\u00d5n l\u00aan ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca x\u00b7 h\u00e9i. Tr.18. 4. Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 nh\u00cat (1914-1918): N\u00e6 ra do h\u00cbu qu\u00b6 c\u00f1a cu\u00e9c kh\u00f1ng ho\u00b6ng c\u00f1a h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng kinh t\u00d5 t\u2212 b\u00b6n ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00b5 cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh gi\u00f7a c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c l\u00edn nh\u00bbm chia l\u00b9i th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00b5 ph\u00b9m vi \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng. \u00a7\u00a9y l\u00b5 cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh gi\u00f7a hai phe \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c \u00eb ch\u00a9u \u00a2u. N\u00e3 l\u00abi cu\u00e8n v\u00b5o v\u00dfng chi\u00d5n 33 n\u2212\u00edc, v\u00edi s\u00e8 d\u00a9n h\u00acn 1.500 tri\u00d6u ng\u2212\u00eai. Nh\u00a9n lo\u00b9i \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de thi\u00d6t h\u00b9i trong cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh n\u00b5y l\u00b5 h\u00acn 10 tri\u00d6u ng\u2212\u00eai ch\u00d5t, 20 tri\u00d6u ng\u2212\u00eai b\u00de th\u2212\u00acng v\u00b5 t\u00b5n ph\u00d5. Khi cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh b\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5o giai \u00aeo\u00b9n k\u00d5t th\u00f3c (n\u00a8m 1917) th\u00d7 \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c M\u00fc nh\u00b6y v\u00b5o v\u00dfng chi\u00d5n v\u00b5 ra nh\u00f7ng \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n \u00ae\u00d7nh chi\u00d5n theo ki\u00d3u M\u00fc, v\u00edi tham v\u00e4ng l\u00b5m b\u00b8 ch\u00f1 th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. Th\u00b8ng 11-1917, cu\u00e9c C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00beng l\u00eei \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc Nga. Vi\u00d6c l\u00b5m \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan c\u00f1a Nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc X\u00abvi\u00d5t l\u00b5 th\u00abng qua S\u00bec l\u00d6nh h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d2 ngh\u00de c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc tham gia k\u00fd Hi\u00d6p \u00ae\u00denh","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 605 \u00ae\u00d7nh chi\u00d5n nh\u00bbm tr\u00b8nh cho nh\u00a9n lo\u00b9i kh\u00e1i tai h\u00e4a do chi\u00d5n tranh k\u00d0o d\u00b5i. Song \u00ae\u00d2 ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00e3 kh\u00abng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c \u00f1ng h\u00e9. M\u00efa Thu n\u00a8m 1918, Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 nh\u00cat k\u00d5t th\u00f3c v\u00edi s\u00f9 th\u00cat b\u00b9i c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00f8c v\u00b5 c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e5ng minh c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00f8c d\u00c9n t\u00edi vi\u00d6c k\u00fd Hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d7nh chi\u00d5n \u00eb C\u00abmpienh\u00ac (Ph\u00b8p) v\u00b5 sau \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 vi\u00d6c th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp H\u00d6 th\u00e8ng V\u00d0cx\u00a9y - m\u00e9t h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng mang t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca, th\u00ef \u00ae\u00dech v\u00edi n\u2212\u00edc Nga X\u00abvi\u00d5t, duy tr\u00d7 v\u00b5 ph\u00f4c h\u00e5i tr\u00aan th\u00f9c t\u00d5 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca qu\u00a9n phi\u00d6t \u00a7\u00f8c \u00ae\u00d3 l\u00b5m l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng xung k\u00ddch ch\u00e8ng Li\u00aan X\u00ab, nh\u00cat l\u00b5 khi H\u00ddtle l\u00aan c\u00c7m quy\u00d2n. Tr.19. 5. Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n (Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 III): Do \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng to l\u00edn c\u00f1a C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai Nga (n\u00a8m 1917), sau khi Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 II ph\u00b8 s\u00b6n, \u00ae\u00d3 gi\u00f3p c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng v\u00b5 c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00ab s\u00b6n c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00aei theo con \u00ae\u2212\u00eang c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c ch\u00a9n ch\u00ddnh, th\u00b8ng 1-1919, d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a L\u00aanin, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00f1a 8 \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 nh\u00e3m c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b7 k\u00aau g\u00e4i t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8i t\u00b6 tham gia \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. H\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng l\u00eai k\u00aau g\u00e4i, th\u00b8ng 3-1919, d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a L\u00aanin, c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 nh\u00e3m c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n c\u00f1a 30 n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n t\u00b9i M\u00b8txc\u00acva. Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n l\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00e3 c\u00abng lao to l\u00edn trong vi\u00d6c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00b5 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o phong tr\u00b5o c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 c\u00abng nh\u00a9n qu\u00e8c t\u00d5. Ho\u00b5n to\u00b5n \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp v\u00edi Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 II, Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n r\u00cat ch\u00f3 tr\u00e4ng t\u00edi v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. S\u00ac th\u00b6o l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat nh\u00f7ng lu\u00cbn c\u2212\u00acng v\u00d2 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 d\u00a9n t\u00e9c v\u00b5 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea c\u00f1a L\u00aanin, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 II c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n (n\u00a8m 1920) th\u00abng qua \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00c6t n\u00d2n t\u00b6ng ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de v\u00b5 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng cho vi\u00d6c gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben nh\u00f7ng v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 ph\u00f8c t\u00b9p c\u00f1a phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea. T\u00b9i phi\u00aan h\u00e4p th\u00f8 25 (11-4-1931), H\u00e9i ngh\u00de to\u00b5n th\u00d3 l\u00c7n th\u00f8 ch\u00ddn c\u00f1a Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, c\u00a8n c\u00f8 v\u00b5o t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, \u00ae\u00b7 quy\u00d5t ngh\u00de \\\"\u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng tr\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00a9y l\u00b5 m\u00e9t chi b\u00e9 c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p, t\u00f5 nay c\u00abng nh\u00cbn l\u00b5 chi","606 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp b\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp thu\u00e9c Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n\\\". T\u00b9i \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 VII (n\u00a8m 1935), Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b7 ch\u00ddnh th\u00f8c c\u00abng nh\u00cbn \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng l\u00b5 m\u00e9t ph\u00a9n b\u00e9 c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. Th\u00b8ng 5-1943, c\u00a8n c\u00f8 v\u00b5o ho\u00b5n c\u00b6nh m\u00edi, \u00a7o\u00b5n ch\u00f1 t\u00dech Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00edi s\u00f9 t\u00b8n th\u00b5nh c\u00f1a \u00aea s\u00e8 c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00abng qua ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t gi\u00b6i t\u00b8n t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 n\u00b5y. Tr.19. 6. X\u00abvi\u00d5t Ngh\u00d6 - T\u00dcnh: L\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d8nh cao c\u00f1a phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng 1930- 1931 do \u00a7\u00b6ng ta l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o. X\u00abvi\u00d5t Ngh\u00d6 - T\u00dcnh l\u00b5 phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 tay sai c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n \u00eb hai t\u00d8nh Ngh\u00d6 An v\u00b5 H\u00b5 T\u00dcnh \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n th\u00b5nh nhi\u00d2u cu\u00e9c bi\u00d3u t\u00d7nh c\u00e3 v\u00f2 trang, \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00e6 ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb nhi\u00d2u \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng, th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng ki\u00d3u X\u00abvi\u00d5t v\u00b5 th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n nhi\u00d2u bi\u00d6n ph\u00b8p c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, \u00aeem l\u00b9i quy\u00d2n l\u00eei cho nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n. Ho\u00b6ng s\u00ee tr\u2212\u00edc s\u00f8c m\u00b9nh c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n, b\u00e4n th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 tay sai \u00ae\u00b7 d\u00d7m phong tr\u00b5o X\u00abvi\u00d5t Ngh\u00d6 - T\u00dcnh trong bi\u00d3n m\u00b8u. Phong tr\u00b5o X\u00abvi\u00d5t Ngh\u00d6 - T\u00dcnh n\u00e6 ra khi Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh \u00aeang ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i. M\u00c6c d\u00ef v\u00cby, Ng\u2212\u00eai v\u00c9n theo d\u00e2i ch\u00c6t ch\u00cf t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh v\u00b5 th\u2212\u00eang xuy\u00aan b\u00b8o c\u00b8o cho Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 N\u00abng d\u00a9n \u00ae\u00d3 xin ch\u00d8 th\u00de v\u00b5 k\u00aau g\u00e4i \u00f1ng h\u00e9 phong tr\u00b5o n\u00b5y. B\u00b8o c\u00b8o c\u00f1a Ng\u2212\u00eai g\u00f6i Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00edi nhan \u00ae\u00d2 l\u00b5 \\\"Ngh\u00d6 - T\u00dcnh \u00ae\u00e1\\\", trong \u00ae\u00e3 Ng\u2212\u00eai kh\u00bcng \u00ae\u00denh: \\\"Bom \u00ae\u00b9n, s\u00f3ng m\u00b8y, \u00ae\u00e8t nh\u00b5, d\u00e5n binh... \u00ae\u00d2u b\u00cat l\u00f9c kh\u00abng d\u00cbp t\u00bet n\u00e6i phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng c\u00f1a Ngh\u00d6 - T\u00dcnh\\\". Phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng 1930-1931 m\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d8nh cao l\u00b5 X\u00abvi\u00d5t Ngh\u00d6 - T\u00dcnh l\u00b5 cu\u00e9c t\u00e6ng di\u00d4n t\u00cbp \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan c\u00f1a qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng do \u00a7\u00b6ng ta l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o. Tr.20. 7. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u to\u00b5n qu\u00e8c l\u00c7n th\u00f8 I c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng: H\u00e4p t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 27 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 31-3-1935 t\u00b9i Ma Cao (Trung Qu\u00e8c). \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00a9n t\u00ddch t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00b5 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, ki\u00d3m \u00aei\u00d3m l\u00b9i c\u00abng t\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00b5 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng t\u00f5 sau cao tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng 1930-1931 \u00ae\u00d5n l\u00f3c \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i h\u00e4p. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 nh\u00cbn \u00ae\u00denh r\u00bbng, sau cao tr\u00b5o 1930-1931, do s\u00f9 kh\u00f1ng b\u00e8 g\u00bet gao c\u00f1a th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p, phong tr\u00b5o t\u00b9m l\u00beng xu\u00e8ng, nh\u2212ng qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00b7 d\u00c7n d\u00c7n t\u00cbp h\u00eep l\u00b9i l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng, ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c \u00ae\u00cau tranh v\u00b5 \u00aeang chu\u00c8n b\u00de ti\u00d5n t\u00edi cao tr\u00b5o m\u00edi. \u00a7\u00b6ng c\u00f2ng t\u00f5ng b\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u2212\u00eec kh\u00abi ph\u00f4c v\u00d2 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c.","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 607 Sau khi ph\u00a9n t\u00ddch t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh v\u00b5 ph\u00aa ph\u00b8n nh\u00f7ng thi\u00d5u s\u00e3t trong c\u00abng t\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00b5 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o, \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh ba nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 ch\u00f1 y\u00d5u tr\u2212\u00edc m\u00bet l\u00b5 c\u00f1ng c\u00e8 v\u00b5 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n \u00a7\u00b6ng; tranh th\u00f1 l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00b5 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng; ch\u00e8ng chi\u00d5n tranh \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00abng qua \u00a7i\u00d2u l\u00d6 m\u00edi c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng, \u00a7i\u00d2u l\u00d6 c\u00f1a c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng v\u00b5 Ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t v\u00d2 c\u00abng t\u00b8c v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00c7u ra Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng m\u00edi do \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd L\u00aa H\u00e5ng Phong l\u00b5m T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212. Tr.20. 8. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng (kh\u00e3a I): H\u00e4p ng\u00b5y 26-7-1936, t\u00b9i Th\u2212\u00eeng H\u00b6i (Trung Qu\u00e8c). C\u00a8n c\u00f8 v\u00b5o Ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 VII c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng trong n\u2212\u00edc, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de kh\u00bcng \u00ae\u00denh nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 ch\u00e8ng \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c v\u00b5 ch\u00e8ng phong ki\u00d5n m\u00b5 \u00a7\u00b6ng ta \u00ae\u00d2 ra khi m\u00edi th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp v\u00c9n kh\u00abng thay \u00ae\u00e6i; nh\u2212ng m\u00f4c ti\u00aau tr\u2212\u00edc m\u00bet l\u00f3c n\u00b5y ch\u2212a ph\u00b6i l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00e6 ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 l\u00b5m c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat m\u00b5 ph\u00b6i t\u00cbp h\u00eep \u00ae\u00abng \u00ae\u00b6o c\u00b8c t\u00c7ng l\u00edp v\u00b5 giai c\u00cap trong x\u00b7 h\u00e9i, t\u00cbp trung m\u00f2i nh\u00e4n \u00ae\u00cau tranh v\u00b5o ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt v\u00b5 b\u00e4n ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea, tay sai c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00d5 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng (th\u00b8ng 3-1938 \u00ae\u00e6i l\u00b5 M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, g\u00e4i t\u00bet l\u00b5 M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng). \u00a7\u00d3 th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n m\u00f4c ti\u00aau n\u00e3i tr\u00aan, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c v\u00b5 ph\u2212\u00acng ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00cau tranh h\u00eep ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 n\u00f6a h\u00eep ph\u00b8p, x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c h\u00eep ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 n\u00f6a h\u00eep ph\u00b8p, ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng v\u00b5 c\u00f1ng c\u00e8 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c kh\u00abng h\u00eep ph\u00b8p, t\u00a8ng c\u2212\u00eang ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng trong phong tr\u00b5o qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng. Tr.21. 9. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 VII Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n: H\u00e4p t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 25-7 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 25-8-1935 t\u00b9i M\u00b8txc\u00acva. H\u00acn 500 \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u \u00ae\u00b9i di\u00d6n cho 65 \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00d2 d\u00f9 \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i nh\u00cbn \u00ae\u00denh r\u00bbng nguy c\u00ac ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt v\u00b5 chi\u00d5n tranh x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt \u00aeang \u00aee d\u00e4a nghi\u00aam tr\u00e4ng h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh v\u00b5 an ninh c\u00f1a c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i ch\u00d8 r\u00e2 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n ch\u00f1 y\u00d5u \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00cau tranh th\u00beng l\u00eei l\u00b5 th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n s\u00f9 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat v\u00b5 ph\u00b8t huy t\u00ddnh t\u00ddch c\u00f9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n, \u00ae\u00e5ng th\u00eai ph\u00b6i m\u00eb r\u00e9ng \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t v\u00edi n\u00abng d\u00a9n v\u00b5 c\u00b8c t\u00c7ng l\u00edp nh\u00a9n","608 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp d\u00a9n kh\u00b8c, nh\u00bbm th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn r\u00e9ng r\u00b7i \u00eb c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc tr\u00aan c\u00ac s\u00eb m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n. Do \u00ae\u00e3, \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i VII c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b7 quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 tr\u2212\u00edc m\u00bet c\u00f1a c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n l\u00b5 th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n r\u00e9ng r\u00b7i \u00eb c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc, ch\u00e8ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt, ch\u00e8ng chi\u00d5n tranh, b\u00b6o v\u00d6 h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh. Kh\u00c8u hi\u00d6u trung t\u00a9m c\u00f1a c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n l\u00f3c n\u00b5y l\u00b5 \\\"\u00ae\u00cau tranh cho h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh\\\". \u00a7o\u00b5n \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u \u00a7\u00b6ng ta g\u00e5m c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd L\u00aa H\u00e5ng Phong, Nguy\u00d4n Th\u00de Minh Khai v\u00b5 Ho\u00b5ng V\u00a8n N\u00e4n \u00ae\u00b7 tham d\u00f9 v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e4c tham lu\u00cbn t\u00b9i \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i c\u00f2ng \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00abng nh\u00cbn \u00a7\u00b6ng ta l\u00b5 m\u00e9t ph\u00a9n b\u00e9 c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. Trong th\u00eai gian n\u00b5y, Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh \u00aeang ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00eb Li\u00aan X\u00ab. Ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u2212\u00eec m\u00eai tham d\u00f9 v\u00edi t\u2212 c\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u t\u2212 v\u00can. Ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00ddch c\u00f9c tham gia th\u00b6o lu\u00cbn c\u00b8c chuy\u00aan \u00ae\u00d2 \u00eb c\u00b8c ti\u00d3u ban, \u00ae\u00e3ng g\u00e3p nhi\u00d2u \u00fd ki\u00d5n cho \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i. \u00a7\u00e5ng th\u00eai, Ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00f2ng h\u00d5t s\u00f8c gi\u00f3p \u00aeo\u00b5n \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u \u00a7\u00b6ng ta ho\u00b5n th\u00b5nh nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 \u00eb \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i. Tr.21. 10. M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p (c\u00dfn g\u00e4i l\u00b5 M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn b\u00d7nh d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p): \u00a7\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp v\u00b5o kho\u00b6ng cu\u00e8i n\u00a8m 1935 \u00ae\u00c7u n\u00a8m 1936 theo tinh th\u00c7n Ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i VII c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 theo ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p. Tham gia M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn c\u00e3 \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, \u00a7\u00b6ng X\u00b7 h\u00e9i, m\u00e9t s\u00e8 \u00ae\u00b6ng ph\u00b8i v\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c ti\u00d5n b\u00e9 kh\u00b8c c\u00efng th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat m\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch ch\u00e8ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt. N\u00a8m 1936, M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b7 gi\u00b5nh th\u00beng l\u00eei trong cu\u00e9c b\u00c7u c\u00f6 Ngh\u00de vi\u00d6n. Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n n\u00bem ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n trong th\u00eai gian 1936-1938 \u00ae\u00b7 thi h\u00b5nh m\u00e9t s\u00e8 ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch ti\u00d5n b\u00e9 v\u00b5 c\u00e3 \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng \u00ae\u00d5n t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. Tranh th\u00f1 th\u00eai c\u00ac thu\u00cbn l\u00eei \u00ae\u00e3, \u00a7\u00b6ng ta \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c nh\u00f7ng ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00abng khai, h\u00eep ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 n\u00f6a h\u00eep ph\u00b8p, k\u00d5t h\u00eep v\u00edi ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng b\u00dd m\u00cbt \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00e9ng vi\u00aan l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00b8c t\u00c7ng l\u00edp nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n trong phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00dfi d\u00a9n sinh, d\u00a9n ch\u00f1, \u00ae\u00dfi c\u00acm \u00b8o, h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh. Nh\u00ea \u00ae\u00e3, phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh th\u00eai k\u00fa M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 (1936- 1939) ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n kh\u00b8 m\u00b9nh m\u00cf. Tr.21. 11. M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng: \u00a7\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp v\u00b5o th\u00b8ng 7-1936 theo Ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t c\u00f1a H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng v\u00b5 c\u00a8n c\u00f8 v\u00b5o Ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 VII c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, nh\u00bbm \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng \u00ae\u00cau tranh ch\u00e8ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt v\u00b5 ph\u00b6n","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 609 \u00ae\u00e9ng thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea. M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng bao g\u00e5m c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng ph\u00b8i, c\u00b8c giai c\u00cap, c\u00b8c \u00aeo\u00b5n th\u00d3, c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c v\u00b5 c\u00b8c c\u00b8 nh\u00a9n y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc, t\u00b8n th\u00b5nh d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 v\u00b5 ti\u00d5n b\u00e9. Ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n th\u00abng qua M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00b9o \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n cho phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n r\u00e9ng r\u00b7i, thu\u00cbn l\u00eei. H\u00b5ng tri\u00d6u qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng c\u00abng n\u00abng v\u00b5 c\u00b8c t\u00c7ng l\u00edp nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n kh\u00b8c \u00ae\u2212\u00eec gi\u00b8o d\u00f4c, \u00ae\u00e9ng vi\u00aan v\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c l\u00b9i \u00ae\u00cau tranh d\u2212\u00edi c\u00b8c h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c h\u00eep ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 n\u00f6a h\u00eep ph\u00b8p, k\u00d5t h\u00eep v\u00edi kh\u00abng h\u00eep ph\u00b8p r\u00cat phong ph\u00f3, linh ho\u00b9t. Th\u00beng l\u00eei n\u00b5y \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00b9o ra l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng m\u00edi v\u00b5 th\u00d5 tr\u00cbn m\u00edi cho cao tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng 1939-1945 v\u00b5 T\u00e6ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m sau n\u00b5y. Th\u00b8ng 11-1939, c\u00a8n c\u00f8 v\u00b5o t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00b5 trong n\u2212\u00edc, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng h\u00e4p \u00eb B\u00b5 \u00a7i\u00d3m (H\u00e3c M\u00abn, Gia \u00a7\u00denh) \u00ae\u00b7 quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat d\u00a9n t\u00e9c ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00d5 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng thay M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. Tr.21. 12. B\u00e4n t\u00acr\u00e8txk\u00ddt: Nh\u00f7ng k\u00ce theo \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i v\u00b5 quan \u00aei\u00d3m ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a T\u00acr\u00e8txki, ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i L\u00aanin tr\u00aan nh\u00f7ng v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 c\u00ac b\u00b6n c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng nh\u2212 vai tr\u00df l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n, t\u00ddnh t\u00cat y\u00d5u c\u00f1a li\u00aan minh c\u00abng n\u00abng, th\u00b8i \u00ae\u00e9 c\u00f1a m\u00e9t \u00ae\u00b6ng m\u00b8cx\u00ddt \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c, kh\u00b6 n\u00a8ng th\u00beng l\u00eei c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca trong m\u00e9t n\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5 kh\u00b6 n\u00a8ng x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng th\u00b5nh c\u00abng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca x\u00b7 h\u00e9i \u00eb Li\u00aan X\u00ab, v.v.. \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ta, tr\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00a9y, b\u00e4n t\u00acr\u00e8txk\u00ddt \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p l\u00eei d\u00f4ng \u00ae\u00b7 ra s\u00f8c khi\u00aau kh\u00ddch v\u00b5 ch\u00e8ng ph\u00b8 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. T\u00f5 nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 1936-1939, Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00e1 r\u00e2 th\u00b8i \u00ae\u00e9 c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng ta \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi b\u00e4n ch\u00f3ng, r\u00bbng: \\\"\u00a7\u00e8i v\u00edi b\u00e4n t\u00acr\u00e8txk\u00ddt, kh\u00abng th\u00d3 c\u00e3 tho\u00b6 hi\u00d6p n\u00b5o, m\u00e9t nh\u2212\u00eeng b\u00e9 n\u00b5o. Ph\u00b6i d\u00efng m\u00e4i c\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00d3 l\u00e9t m\u00c6t n\u00b9 ch\u00f3ng l\u00b5m tay sai cho ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt, ph\u00b6i ti\u00aau di\u00d6t ch\u00f3ng v\u00d2 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de\\\". Tr.21. 13. Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai: Cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh do b\u00e4n ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt \u00a7\u00f8c, Italia, Nh\u00cbt B\u00b6n g\u00a9y ra v\u00edi \u00a9m m\u2212u chia l\u00b9i th\u00de tr\u2212\u00eang th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00b5 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t n\u2212\u00edc Nga X\u00abvi\u00d5t. V\u00edi quy m\u00ab v\u00b5 s\u00f9 \u00b8c li\u00d6t c\u00f1a n\u00e3, cu\u00e9c Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai \u00ae\u00b7 cu\u00e8n h\u00f3t 72 n\u2212\u00edc v\u00edi 1.700 tri\u00d6u ng\u2212\u00eai v\u00b5o v\u00dfng chi\u00d5n. T\u00e6ng s\u00e8 qu\u00a9n","610 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp tham chi\u00d5n l\u00b5 110 tri\u00d6u ng\u2212\u00eai. Lo\u00b5i ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b6i ch\u00deu m\u00e9t tai h\u00e4a r\u00cat kh\u00f1ng khi\u00d5p, g\u00c7n 55 tri\u00d6u ng\u2212\u00eai b\u00de ch\u00d5t, m\u00e9t kh\u00e8i l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00f1a c\u00b6i v\u00cbt ch\u00cat kh\u00e6ng l\u00e5 b\u00de chi\u00d5n tranh ti\u00aau h\u00f1y. K\u00d5t th\u00f3c cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh v\u00edi s\u00f9 th\u00beng l\u00eei c\u00f1a l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00a7\u00e5ng minh nh\u2212 Li\u00aan X\u00ab, M\u00fc, Anh, v.v., trong \u00ae\u00e3 Li\u00aan X\u00ab \u00ae\u00e3ng vai tr\u00df quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh. C\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de ti\u00aau di\u00d6t. Li\u00aan X\u00ab kh\u00abng nh\u00f7ng \u00ae\u00b7 gi\u00b5nh th\u00beng l\u00eei v\u00ce vang trong cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh gi\u00f7 n\u2212\u00edc v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i (1941- 1945) m\u00b5 c\u00dfn tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n nhi\u00d2u n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00a9u \u00a2u kh\u00e1i tai ho\u00b9 ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt. Th\u00beng l\u00eei \u00cay \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00b9o \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n cho nhi\u00d2u n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00a9u \u00b8 ho\u00b5n th\u00b5nh c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 v\u00b5 ti\u00d5n l\u00aan l\u00b5m c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca. Tr.21. 14. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng th\u00b8ng 11-1939: H\u00e4p t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 6 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 8-11- 1939, t\u00b9i B\u00b5 \u00a7i\u00d3m, H\u00e3c M\u00abn (Gia \u00a7\u00denh) \u00ae\u00d3 b\u00b5n c\u00b8c ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng trong t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh m\u00edi, d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 ch\u00f1 tr\u00d7 c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd Nguy\u00d4n V\u00a8n C\u00f5. Tham d\u00f9 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de c\u00e3 c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd L\u00aa Du\u00c8n, Phan \u00a7\u00a8ng L\u2212u, V\u00e2 V\u00a8n T\u00c7n... Tr\u00aan c\u00ac s\u00eb ph\u00a9n t\u00ddch t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat, h\u00cbu qu\u00b6 c\u00f1a cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi, v\u00de tr\u00dd c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng trong cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh \u00ae\u00e3; b\u00b6n ch\u00cat s\u00a9u xa trong c\u00b8c ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p; th\u00b8i \u00ae\u00e9 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de c\u00f1a c\u00b8c giai c\u00cap trong x\u00b7 h\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de nh\u00cbn \u00ae\u00denh ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt Nh\u00cbt s\u00cf chi\u00d5m \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 trung t\u00a9m tr\u2212\u00edc m\u00bet c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Vi\u00d6t Nam n\u00e3i ri\u00aang v\u00b5 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng n\u00e3i chung l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00e6 \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c v\u00b5 tay sai, gi\u00b5nh ho\u00b5n to\u00b5n \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp, t\u00f9 do cho d\u00a9n t\u00e9c: \u201cB\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u2212\u00eang sinh t\u00e5n c\u00f1a c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng kh\u00abng c\u00dfn c\u00e3 con \u00ae\u2212\u00eang n\u00b5o kh\u00b8c h\u00acn l\u00b5 con \u00ae\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00e6 \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c Ph\u00b8p, ch\u00e8ng t\u00cat c\u00b6 \u00b8ch ngo\u00b9i x\u00a9m, v\u00ab lu\u00cbn da tr\u00beng hay da v\u00b5ng \u00ae\u00d3 gi\u00b5nh l\u00cay gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp\u201d. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng th\u00b8ng 11-1939 \u00ae\u00b8nh d\u00cau s\u00f9 tr\u2212\u00ebng th\u00b5nh c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng, c\u00f4 th\u00d3 h\u00e3a m\u00e9t b\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i c\u00f8u n\u2212\u00edc tr\u00aan tinh th\u00c7n c\u00f1a C\u2212\u00acng l\u00dcnh \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ho\u00b9ch \u00ae\u00denh t\u00f5 khi th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng. Nh\u00f7ng ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng th\u00b8ng 11- 1939 ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00e6 sung, ho\u00b5n ch\u00d8nh \u00eb H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng (th\u00b8ng 11- 1940) v\u00b5 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng 8 (th\u00b8ng 5-1941). Tr.23.","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 611 15. Kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca B\u00bec S\u00acn: N\u00e6 ra \u00ae\u00aam 27-9-1940 \u00eb B\u00bec S\u00acn (thu\u00e9c t\u00d8nh L\u00b9ng S\u00acn). L\u00f3c b\u00cay gi\u00ea th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00c7u h\u00b5ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt \u00a7\u00f8c \u00eb ch\u00ddnh qu\u00e8c, b\u00e4n th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00eb \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng r\u00cat hoang mang dao \u00ae\u00e9ng. Khi qu\u00a9n Nh\u00cbt ti\u00d5n v\u00b5o L\u00b9ng S\u00acn, ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n tay sai Ph\u00b8p \u00eb \u00ae\u00a9y \u00ae\u00b7 tan r\u00b7 nhanh ch\u00e3ng. Ch\u00edp th\u00eai c\u00ac \u00ae\u00e3, \u00ae\u00b6ng b\u00e9 \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b8t \u00ae\u00e9ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca. Kho\u00b6ng 600 qu\u00a9n kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca c\u00e3 v\u00f2 trang \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6i d\u00cby chi\u00d5m \u00ae\u00e5n M\u00e1 Nh\u00b5i, vi\u00aan tri ch\u00a9u ch\u00b9y tr\u00e8n, ng\u00f4y quy\u00d2n tan r\u00b7, nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ho\u00b5n to\u00b5n l\u00b5m ch\u00f1 ch\u00a9u l\u00fe v\u00b5 c\u00b8c v\u00efng trong ch\u00a9u. \u00a7\u00e9i du k\u00ddch \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp. Nh\u2212ng sau \u00ae\u00e3, Nh\u00cbt - Ph\u00b8p l\u00b9i tho\u00b6 hi\u00d6p v\u00edi nhau \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b5n \u00b8p cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng th\u00b8ng 11-1940 \u00ae\u00b7 quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh duy tr\u00d7 \u00ae\u00e9i du k\u00ddch B\u00bec S\u00acn l\u00b5m n\u00dfng c\u00e8t x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang v\u00b5 th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp c\u00a8n c\u00f8 \u00ae\u00dea B\u00bec S\u00acn - V\u00f2 Nhai do Trung \u2212\u00acng tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p ch\u00d8 \u00ae\u00b9o. Tr.23. 16. Kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca Nam K\u00fa: N\u00e6 ra ng\u00b5y 23-11-1940 \u00eb h\u00c7u h\u00d5t c\u00b8c t\u00d8nh mi\u00d2n Nam, nh\u00cat l\u00b5 \u00eb M\u00fc Tho. Qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng n\u00e6i d\u00cby r\u00cat d\u00f2ng c\u00b6m, nhi\u00d2u \u00ae\u00e5n b\u00e8t b\u00de h\u00b9, nhi\u00d2u \u00ae\u2212\u00eang giao th\u00abng b\u00de ph\u00b8... Ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb m\u00e9t s\u00e8 n\u00aci tan r\u00b7. \u00eb nh\u00f7ng n\u00aci \u00ae\u00e3, ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp v\u00b5 th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n nh\u00f7ng c\u00b6i c\u00b8ch d\u00a9n ch\u00f1. C\u00ea \u00ae\u00e1 sao v\u00b5ng l\u00c7n \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan xu\u00cat hi\u00d6n. Cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca n\u00e6 ra khi ch\u2212a c\u00e3 ch\u00d8 th\u00de c\u00f1a Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng, \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n kh\u00b8ch quan v\u00b5 ch\u00f1 quan ch\u2212a ch\u00ddn mu\u00e5i, b\u00e4n ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng l\u00b9i l\u00e4t v\u00b5o h\u00b5ng ng\u00f2 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00b5 n\u00bem \u00ae\u2212\u00eec k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch c\u00f1a cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca, cho n\u00aan th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00b5n \u00b8p \u00ae\u00c9m m\u00b8u cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca v\u00b5 cu\u00e8i c\u00efng cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i. Cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca Nam K\u00fa v\u00f5a n\u00e6 ra th\u00d7 ngay ng\u00b5y h\u00abm sau, Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng ta \u00ae\u00b7 ra th\u00abng b\u00b8o kh\u00c8n c\u00cap g\u00f6i c\u00b8c c\u00cap b\u00e9 \u00a7\u00b6ng, k\u00aau g\u00e4i \u00f1ng h\u00e9 cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca Nam K\u00fa. Tr.23. 17. Kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca \u00a7\u00ab L\u2212\u00acng: Cu\u00e9c b\u00b9o \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a binh l\u00ddnh Vi\u00d6t Nam trong qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i tay sai c\u00f1a th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p, do Nguy\u00d4n V\u00a8n Cung (c\u00dfn g\u00e4i l\u00b5 \u00a7\u00e9i Cung) l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o, n\u00e6 ra ng\u00b5y 13-1-1941. Binh l\u00ddnh y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6i d\u00cby \u00ae\u00b8nh chi\u00d5m \u00ae\u00e5n Ch\u00ee R\u00b9ng (\u00a7\u00ab L\u2212\u00acng, Ngh\u00d6 An) v\u00b5 sau \u00ae\u00e3 ti\u00d5n v\u00d2 \u00ae\u00b8nh chi\u00d5m Vinh. Nh\u2212ng k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch b\u00de l\u00e9, nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai tham gia b\u00b9o \u00ae\u00e9ng b\u00de b\u00bet, cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i. Tr.23. 18. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de l\u00c7n th\u00f8 t\u00b8m c\u00f1a Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng (kh\u00e3a I): H\u00e4p t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 10 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 19-5-1941 t\u00b9i x\u00b7 P\u00b8c B\u00e3, huy\u00d6n H\u00b5","612 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp Qu\u00b6ng, t\u00d8nh Cao B\u00bbng, do Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh ch\u00f1 tr\u00d7. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00a9n t\u00ddch t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat, tri\u00d3n v\u00e4ng c\u00f1a cu\u00e9c Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai v\u00b5 kh\u00bcng \u00ae\u00denh: \\\"cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c chi\u00d5n tranh l\u00c7n n\u00b5y s\u00cf \u00ae\u00ce ra nhi\u00d2u n\u2212\u00edc x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca, s\u00cf do \u00ae\u00e3 m\u00b5 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng nhi\u00d2u n\u2212\u00edc th\u00b5nh c\u00abng\\\". Sau khi ph\u00a9n t\u00ddch t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng t\u00f5 khi Nh\u00cbt x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de v\u00b9ch r\u00e2 nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 tr\u2212\u00edc m\u00bet c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng l\u00b5 gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de kh\u00bcng \u00ae\u00denh l\u00b9i t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng t\u00b9m g\u00b8c kh\u00c8u hi\u00d6u c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat (\u00ae\u2212\u00eec \u00ae\u2212a ra t\u00b9i H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng th\u00b8ng 11-1939), \u00ae\u00e5ng th\u00eai n\u00aau th\u00aam kh\u00c8u hi\u00d6u gi\u00b6m t\u00ab, gi\u00b6m t\u00f8c ti\u00d5n t\u00edi th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00b5y c\u00e3 ru\u00e9ng. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 d\u00a9n t\u00e9c trong khu\u00abn kh\u00e6 m\u00e7i n\u2212\u00edc \u00eb \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, v\u00edi tinh th\u00c7n ph\u00b6i d\u00f9a v\u00b5o nhau, \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t, gi\u00f3p \u00ae\u00ec v\u00b5 th\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c8y c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng m\u00e7i n\u2212\u00edc gi\u00b5nh th\u00beng l\u00eei. V\u00d2 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n t\u00e9c th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat, theo \u00ae\u00d2 ngh\u00de c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp \u00ae\u00e5ng minh (g\u00e4i t\u00bet l\u00b5 Vi\u00d6t Minh) bao g\u00e5m c\u00b8c h\u00e9i c\u00f8u qu\u00e8c c\u00f1a c\u00b8c t\u00c7ng l\u00edp nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n v\u00b5 \u00b8p d\u00f4ng m\u00e9t s\u00b8ch l\u2212\u00eec h\u00d5t s\u00f8c m\u00d2m d\u00ceo \u00ae\u00d3 ph\u00a9n h\u00e3a cao \u00ae\u00e9 k\u00ce th\u00ef v\u00b5 tranh th\u00f1 m\u00e4i l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00e3 th\u00d3 tranh th\u00f1 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec, nh\u00bbm gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de nh\u00cbn \u00ae\u00denh chu\u00c8n b\u00de kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca l\u00b5 nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 trung t\u00a9m c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Vi\u00d6t Nam trong giai \u00aeo\u00b9n hi\u00d6n t\u00b9i. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de c\u00f2ng \u00ae\u00c6c bi\u00d6t ch\u00f3 tr\u00e4ng c\u00abng t\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b5o t\u00b9o c\u00b8n b\u00e9, ch\u00f3 \u00fd t\u00a8ng th\u00aam th\u00b5nh ph\u00c7n c\u00abng nh\u00a9n trong \u00a7\u00b6ng, ch\u00f3 \u00fd t\u00edi c\u00abng t\u00b8c v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00abng nh\u00a9n, n\u00abng d\u00a9n v\u00b5 c\u00abng t\u00b8c \u00ae\u00dech v\u00cbn. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00f6 ra Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng, b\u00c7u \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd Tr\u2212\u00eang Chinh l\u00b5m T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212 v\u00b5 c\u00f6 Ban Th\u2212\u00eang v\u00f4 Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng. Tr.23. 19. M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Vi\u00d6t Minh: T\u00aan g\u00e4i t\u00bet c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp \u00ae\u00e5ng minh, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp ng\u00b5y 19-5-1941, t\u00b9i P\u00b8c B\u00e3 (Cao B\u00bbng), theo s\u00b8ng ki\u00d5n c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh v\u00b5 theo Ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng l\u00c7n th\u00f8 t\u00b8m (th\u00b8ng 5-1941). M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Vi\u00d6t Minh g\u00e5m c\u00b8c th\u00b5nh vi\u00aan l\u00b5 \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng v\u00b5 c\u00b8c H\u00e9i c\u00f8u qu\u00e8c nh\u2212: H\u00e9i c\u00abng nh\u00a9n c\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, H\u00e9i n\u00abng d\u00a9n c\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, H\u00e9i thanh ni\u00aan c\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, H\u00e9i ph\u00f4 n\u00f7 c\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, H\u00e9i qu\u00a9n nh\u00a9n c\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, H\u00e9i ph\u00f4 l\u00b7o c\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, H\u00e9i Ph\u00cbt gi\u00b8o c\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, H\u00e9i nhi \u00ae\u00e5ng c\u00f8u qu\u00e8c v\u00b5 m\u00e9t s\u00e8 \u00ae\u00b6ng ph\u00b8i v\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc kh\u00b8c.","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 613 M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Vi\u00d6t Minh l\u00b5 m\u00e9t m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat d\u00a9n t\u00e9c r\u00e9ng r\u00b7i, t\u00cbp h\u00eep \u00ae\u00abng \u00ae\u00b6o c\u00b8c t\u00c7ng l\u00edp nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n, c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng ph\u00b8i ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, t\u00abn gi\u00b8o y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d3 ch\u00e8ng k\u00ce th\u00ef ch\u00ddnh c\u00f1a d\u00a9n t\u00e9c ta l\u00f3c \u00cay l\u00b5 th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt Nh\u00cbt. Sau khi C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m th\u00b5nh c\u00abng, M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Vi\u00d6t Minh \u00ae\u00b7 v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng to\u00b5n d\u00a9n tham gia cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p. \u00a7\u00d3 g\u00e3p ph\u00c7n th\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c8y cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n mau \u00ae\u00d5n th\u00beng l\u00eei, ng\u00b5y 3-3- 1951, \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n t\u00e9c th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat to\u00b5n qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat hai t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp \u00ae\u00e5ng minh (Vi\u00d6t Minh) v\u00b5 H\u00e9i li\u00aan hi\u00d6p qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam (Li\u00aan Vi\u00d6t) th\u00b5nh M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Li\u00aan - Vi\u00d6t. Khi cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p k\u00d5t th\u00f3c th\u00beng l\u00eei, \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b8p \u00f8ng t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh v\u00b5 nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 m\u00edi, th\u00b8ng 9-1955, M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Li\u00aan - Vi\u00d6t \u00ae\u2212\u00eec t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c l\u00b9i th\u00b5nh M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn T\u00e6 qu\u00e8c Vi\u00d6t Nam. Tr.23. 20. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de m\u00eb r\u00e9ng c\u00f1a Th\u2212\u00eang v\u00f4 Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng: H\u00e4p \u00ae\u00aam 9- 3-1945 gi\u00f7a l\u00f3c ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt Nh\u00cbt \u00aeang ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00b6o ch\u00ddnh th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00eb \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de h\u00e4p \u00eb l\u00b5ng \u00a7\u00d7nh B\u00b6ng (T\u00f5 S\u00acn, B\u00bec Ninh) do \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd Tr\u2212\u00eang Chinh, T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212 c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng ch\u00f1 tr\u00d7. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de kh\u00bcng \u00ae\u00denh cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00b6o ch\u00ddnh Nh\u00cbt h\u00cat c\u00bcng Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6 ra v\u00b5 d\u00f9 \u00aeo\u00b8n th\u00beng l\u00eei t\u00b9m th\u00eai c\u00f1a Nh\u00cbt. Song H\u00e9i ngh\u00de nh\u00can m\u00b9nh: Nh\u00cbt c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng th\u00d3 c\u00f1ng c\u00e8 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng v\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n b\u00ef nh\u00d7n tay sai. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de nh\u00cbn \u00ae\u00denh: L\u00f3c n\u00b5y ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt Nh\u00cbt l\u00b5 k\u00ce th\u00ef ch\u00ddnh, c\u00f4 th\u00d3, tr\u2212\u00edc m\u00bet c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, v\u00d7 v\u00cby, kh\u00c8u hi\u00d6u tr\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00a9y: \\\"\u00a7\u00b8nh \u00aeu\u00e6i Nh\u00cbt - Ph\u00b8p\\\" nay \u00ae\u00e6i l\u00b5 \\\"\u00a7\u00b8nh \u00aeu\u00e6i ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt Nh\u00cbt\\\". H\u00e9i ngh\u00de n\u00aau kh\u00c8u hi\u00d6u: \u201cTh\u00b5nh l\u00cbp Ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng\u201d v\u00b5 ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng: \\\"Ph\u00b8t \u00ae\u00e9ng m\u00e9t cao tr\u00b5o kh\u00b8ng Nh\u00cbt c\u00f8u n\u2212\u00edc m\u00b9nh m\u00cf l\u00b5m ti\u00d2n \u00ae\u00d2 cho cu\u00e9c T\u00e6ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca\\\". H\u00e9i ngh\u00de c\u00dfn quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh thay \u00ae\u00e6i h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n c\u00e6 \u00ae\u00e9ng, t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00cau tranh cho ph\u00ef h\u00eep v\u00edi t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh m\u00edi. Tr.24. 21. Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e9i: H\u00e4p \u00eb T\u00a9n Tr\u00b5o (Tuy\u00aan Quang) v\u00b5o c\u00b8c ng\u00b5y 16 v\u00b5 17-8-1945 d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 ch\u00f1 t\u00e4a c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh. D\u00f9 \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i c\u00e3 h\u00acn 60 \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00f1a c\u00b8c \u00aeo\u00b5n th\u00d3, \u00ae\u00b6ng ph\u00b8i thay m\u00c6t cho \u00ae\u00e5ng b\u00b5o c\u00b6 n\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5 ki\u00d2u b\u00b5o \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i.","614 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 nhi\u00d6t li\u00d6t h\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng v\u00b5 t\u00b8n th\u00b5nh ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng ph\u00b8t \u00ae\u00e9ng T\u00e6ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca c\u00f1a H\u00e9i ngh\u00de to\u00b5n qu\u00e8c c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng h\u00e4p ng\u00b5y 13-8-1945. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i th\u00abng qua 10 ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch l\u00edn c\u00f1a T\u00e6ng b\u00e9 Vi\u00d6t Minh v\u00b5 L\u00d6nh T\u00e6ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca, b\u00c7u ra \u00f1y ban d\u00a9n t\u00e9c gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng trung \u2212\u00acng, t\u00f8c Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 l\u00a9m th\u00eai, do \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh l\u00b5m Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 nh\u00cat tr\u00dd ch\u00e4n Qu\u00e8c k\u00fa l\u00b5 l\u00b8 c\u00ea n\u00d2n \u00ae\u00e1 sao v\u00b5ng, Qu\u00e8c ca l\u00b5 b\u00b5i Ti\u00d5n qu\u00a9n ca. Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00d3 hi\u00d6n s\u00f9 \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t to\u00b5n d\u00a9n, bi\u00d3u th\u00de l\u00dfng tin t\u2212\u00ebng tuy\u00d6t \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00b5o s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng v\u00b5 Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh trong vi\u00d6c th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng T\u00e6ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca gi\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp ho\u00b5n to\u00b5n cho T\u00e6 qu\u00e8c. Tr.24. 22. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m: Th\u00b8ng 8-1945, Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai s\u00bep k\u00d5t th\u00f3c. Th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng T\u00e6ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca c\u00f1a Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng v\u00b5 L\u00d6nh T\u00e6ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca c\u00f1a T\u00e6ng b\u00e9 Vi\u00d6t Minh, h\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng Th\u2212 k\u00aau g\u00e4i T\u00e6ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh, nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b6 n\u2212\u00edc t\u00f5 Nam \u00ae\u00d5n B\u00bec nh\u00cat t\u00d2 \u00ae\u00f8ng l\u00aan kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca gi\u00b5nh ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n. T\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 14-8 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 18-8, nhi\u00d2u x\u00b7, huy\u00d6n \u00eb h\u00c7u h\u00d5t c\u00b8c t\u00d8nh mi\u00d2n B\u00bec v\u00b5 Thanh H\u00e3a, Ngh\u00d6 An, H\u00b5 T\u00dcnh, Qu\u00b6ng Ng\u00b7i, Kh\u00b8nh H\u00dfa, M\u00fc Tho, Sa \u00a7\u00d0c \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6i d\u00cby gi\u00b5nh ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n. Ng\u00b5y 19-8, cu\u00e9c T\u00e6ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00b7 gi\u00b5nh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00beng l\u00eei \u00eb Th\u00f1 \u00ae\u00ab H\u00b5 N\u00e9i. Ng\u00b5y 28-8, T\u00e6ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca th\u00beng l\u00eei trong c\u00b6 n\u2212\u00edc. Th\u00beng l\u00eei c\u00f1a C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m n\u00a8m 1945 \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00cbp tan \u00b8ch th\u00e8ng tr\u00de c\u00f1a th\u00f9c d\u00a9n phong ki\u00d5n, l\u00cbp n\u00aan n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 C\u00e9ng h\u00dfa, \u00ae\u2212a d\u00a9n t\u00e9c ta ti\u00d5n v\u00b5o k\u00fb nguy\u00aan \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp, t\u00f9 do. Th\u00beng l\u00eei c\u00f1a C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00b9o th\u00eai c\u00ac cho nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n L\u00b5o l\u00b5m C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m \u00eb L\u00b5o th\u00beng l\u00eei, nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Campuchia c\u00e3 th\u00aam \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n thu\u00cbn l\u00eei \u00ae\u00d3 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. \u00a7\u00e3 c\u00f2ng l\u00b5 th\u00beng l\u00eei c\u00f1a c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 v\u00b5 ti\u00d5n b\u00e9 trong cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh ch\u00e8ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c, v\u00d7 h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh, \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 v\u00b5 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca x\u00b7 h\u00e9i. Tr.25. 23. Hi\u00d6p \u00ae\u00denh 6-3-1946: Cu\u00e8i th\u00b8ng 2-1946, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec s\u00f9 \u00ae\u00e5ng t\u00d7nh c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c M\u00fc, Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b7 k\u00fd v\u00edi Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch \u00eb Tr\u00efng Kh\u00b8nh","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 615 m\u00e9t b\u00b6n Hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc cho qu\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5o thay th\u00d5 qu\u00a9n T\u2212\u00ebng \u00eb mi\u00d2n B\u00bec \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. M\u00c6c d\u00ef v\u00cby, b\u00e4n qu\u00a9n phi\u00d6t T\u2212\u00ebng v\u00c9n tr\u00d7 ho\u00b7n vi\u00d6c r\u00f3t qu\u00a9n v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc, k\u00d0o d\u00b5i s\u00f9 c\u00e3 m\u00c6t c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00d3 c\u2212\u00edp b\u00e3c nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta v\u00b5 ph\u00b8 ho\u00b9i c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng n\u2212\u00edc ta. \u00a7\u00d3 lo\u00b9i tr\u00f5 b\u00edt m\u00e9t k\u00ce th\u00ef nguy hi\u00d3m c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00b5 c\u00f2ng \u00ae\u00d3 tranh th\u00f1 th\u00eai gian c\u00f1ng c\u00e8 l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n \u00eb Nam B\u00e9, chu\u00c8n b\u00de l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng \u00eb mi\u00d2n B\u00bec \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00e8i ph\u00e3 v\u00edi nguy c\u00ac chi\u00d5n tranh trong ph\u00b9m vi c\u00b6 n\u2212\u00edc, ng\u00b5y 3-3-1946, Ban Th\u2212\u00eang v\u00f4 Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00b7 ra Ch\u00d8 th\u00de T\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh v\u00b5 ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng, ph\u00a9n t\u00ddch s\u00a9u s\u00bec t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh, \u00a9m m\u2212u v\u00b5 th\u00f1 \u00aeo\u00b9n x\u00b6o quy\u00d6t c\u00f1a b\u00e4n \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c v\u00b5 tay sai v\u00b5 n\u00aau l\u00aan ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng t\u00b9m th\u00eai h\u00dfa ho\u00b7n v\u00edi Ph\u00b8p. Ch\u00d8 th\u00de c\u00f2ng v\u00b9ch ra nh\u00f7ng nguy\u00aan t\u00bec c\u00ac b\u00b6n cho vi\u00d6c \u00ae\u00b5m ph\u00b8n gi\u00f7a ta v\u00b5 Ph\u00b8p. Ng\u00b5y 5-3-1946, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de m\u00eb r\u00e9ng c\u00f1a Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00b8n th\u00b5nh ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng tr\u00aan c\u00f1a Ban Th\u2212\u00eang v\u00f4 Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng. Th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00e3, ng\u00b5y 6-3-1946, Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh \u00ae\u00b7 k\u00fd v\u00edi \u00ae\u00b9i di\u00d6n Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Ph\u00b8p Hi\u00d6p \u00ae\u00denh s\u00ac b\u00e9 t\u00b9i H\u00b5 N\u00e9i v\u00edi s\u00f9 ch\u00f8ng ki\u00d5n c\u00f1a c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b9i di\u00d6n: B\u00e9 T\u2212 l\u00d6nh qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Trung Hoa \u00eb b\u00bec \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, ph\u00b8i b\u00e9 M\u00fc, l\u00b7nh s\u00f9 Anh v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b9i di\u00d6n ph\u00a9n b\u00e9 \u00a7\u00b6ng X\u00b7 h\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p \u00eb B\u00bec K\u00fa. N\u00e9i dung c\u00ac b\u00b6n c\u00f1a b\u00b6n Hi\u00d6p \u00ae\u00denh s\u00ac b\u00e9 l\u00b5: Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Ph\u00b8p c\u00abng nh\u00cbn n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 C\u00e9ng h\u00dfa l\u00b5 m\u00e9t qu\u00e8c gia t\u00f9 do n\u00bbm trong kh\u00e8i Li\u00aan hi\u00d6p Ph\u00b8p. N\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam c\u00e3 ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1, ngh\u00de vi\u00d6n, qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i v\u00b5 t\u00b5i ch\u00ddnh ri\u00aang. S\u00f9 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00cat n\u2212\u00edc s\u00cf do tr\u2212ng c\u00c7u \u00fd d\u00a9n quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh. Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e5ng \u00fd cho 15.000 qu\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u2212\u00eec v\u00b5o thay th\u00d5 qu\u00a9n T\u2212\u00ebng r\u00f3t v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc. S\u00e8 qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e3 ph\u00b6i \u00ae\u00e3ng \u00eb nh\u00f7ng n\u00aci \u00ae\u2212\u00eec quy \u00ae\u00denh v\u00b5 ph\u00b6i r\u00f3t kh\u00e1i Vi\u00d6t Nam trong v\u00dfng 5 n\u00a8m, m\u00e7i n\u00a8m r\u00f3t m\u00e9t ph\u00c7n n\u00a8m qu\u00a9n s\u00e8. Qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i hai b\u00aan ng\u00f5ng b\u00ben v\u00b5 \u00eb nguy\u00aan v\u00de tr\u00dd \u00ae\u00e3ng qu\u00a9n. Trong ho\u00b5n c\u00b6nh l\u00dech s\u00f6 \u00ae\u00e3, vi\u00d6c k\u00fd Hi\u00d6p \u00ae\u00denh s\u00ac b\u00e9 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng s\u00b8ch l\u2212\u00eec c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben, s\u00b8ng su\u00e8t, \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00b9o \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n \u00ae\u00d3 ch\u00f3ng ta t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c l\u00b9i cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n \u00eb Nam B\u00e9; \u00aeu\u00e6i nhanh qu\u00a9n T\u2212\u00ebng v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc, di\u00d6t b\u00e4n Vi\u00d6t gian tay sai c\u00f1a T\u2212\u00ebng, gi\u00b5nh th\u00aam th\u00eai gian h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00d3 x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng v\u00b5 c\u00f1ng c\u00e8 l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00f1a ta, chu\u00c8n b\u00de cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n l\u00a9u d\u00b5i, ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec. Tr.27.","616 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp 24. T\u00b9m \u2212\u00edc 14-9-1946: Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh k\u00fd v\u00edi Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Ph\u00b8p, t\u00b9i Pari ng\u00b5y 14-9-1946. Do th\u00b8i \u00ae\u00e9 ngoan c\u00e8 v\u00b5 hi\u00d5u chi\u00d5n c\u00f1a th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p, cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00b5m ph\u00b8n gi\u00f7a Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 ta v\u00b5 Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Ph\u00b8p t\u00b9i Ph\u00abngtenn\u00acbl\u00ab kh\u00abng \u00aei \u00ae\u00d5n k\u00d5t qu\u00b6. Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh th\u00cay r\u00e2 nguy c\u00ac c\u00f1a m\u00e9t cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh \u00b8c li\u00d6t c\u00e3 quy m\u00ab c\u00b6 n\u2212\u00edc m\u00b5 Ng\u2212\u00eai d\u00f9 \u00aeo\u00b8n t\u00f5 tr\u2212\u00edc, \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00d5n g\u00c7n. \u00a7\u00d3 c\u00e3 th\u00aam th\u00eai gian chu\u00c8n b\u00de cho cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d3 t\u00e1 thi\u00d6n ch\u00dd c\u00f1a Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 ta, Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh l\u00f3c \u00ae\u00e3 \u00aeang \u00eb Pari v\u00edi t\u2212 c\u00b8ch l\u00b5 th\u2212\u00eeng kh\u00b8ch c\u00f1a Ch\u00ddnh Ph\u00f1 Ph\u00b8p, \u00ae\u00b7 tranh th\u00f1 d\u00b5n x\u00d5p, k\u00fd v\u00edi Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Ph\u00b8p b\u00b6n T\u00b9m \u2212\u00edc n\u00b5y. N\u00e9i dung c\u00ac b\u00b6n c\u00f1a b\u00b6n T\u00b9m \u2212\u00edc l\u00b5 s\u00f9 tho\u00b6 thu\u00cbn t\u00b9m th\u00eai gi\u00f7a ta v\u00b5 Ph\u00b8p v\u00d2 m\u00e9t s\u00e8 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 b\u00f8c thi\u00d5t c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat b\u00e9 ph\u00cbn. Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Ph\u00b8p ph\u00b6i thi h\u00b5nh c\u00b8c quy\u00d2n t\u00f9 do, d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 v\u00b5 ph\u00b6i ng\u00f5ng b\u00ben \u00eb Nam B\u00e9; Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 ta t\u00b9m th\u00eai nh\u00a9n nh\u2212\u00eeng th\u00aam cho Ph\u00b8p m\u00e9t s\u00e8 quy\u00d2n l\u00eei v\u00d2 kinh t\u00d5 v\u00b5 v\u00a8n h\u00e3a \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam; quy \u00ae\u00denh th\u00eai gian ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00b5m ph\u00b8n Vi\u00d6t - Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5o th\u00b8ng 1-1947. T\u00b9m \u2212\u00edc 14 th\u00b8ng 9 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t s\u00b8ch l\u2212\u00eec ngo\u00b9i giao t\u00b5i t\u00d7nh c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh. T\u00b9m \u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00b9o \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n \u00ae\u00d3 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta c\u00e3 th\u00aam th\u00eai gian h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh, chu\u00c8n b\u00de l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00d2 m\u00e4i m\u00c6t \u00ae\u00d3 ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n l\u00a9u d\u00b5i ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec. Tr.27. 25. Chi\u00d5n d\u00dech Vi\u00d6t B\u00bec Thu \u00a7\u00abng n\u00a8m 1947: \u00a7\u00d3 th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n \u00fd \u00ae\u00e5 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t c\u00ac quan \u00ae\u00c7u n\u00b7o c\u00f1a cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n v\u00b5 b\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9i ch\u00f1 l\u00f9c c\u00f1a ta, gi\u00b5nh th\u00beng l\u00eei quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh v\u00d2 qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 v\u00b5 nhanh ch\u00e3ng k\u00d5t th\u00f3c cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec Vi\u00d6t Nam, ng\u00b5y 7-10-1947, th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b7 huy \u00ae\u00e9ng 20.000 qu\u00a9n tinh nhu\u00d6 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec trang b\u00de \u00ae\u00c7y \u00ae\u00f1 v\u00f2 kh\u00dd, ph\u2212\u00acng ti\u00d6n hi\u00d6n \u00ae\u00b9i, m\u00eb cu\u00e9c h\u00b5nh qu\u00a9n t\u00can c\u00abng l\u00aan Vi\u00d6t B\u00bec. Thi h\u00b5nh ch\u00d8 th\u00de c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng \\\"Ph\u00b6i ph\u00b8 tan cu\u00e9c t\u00can c\u00abng m\u00efa \u00a7\u00abng c\u00f1a gi\u00c6c Ph\u00b8p\\\", b\u00b6o v\u00d6 c\u00ac quan \u00ae\u00c7u n\u00b7o c\u00f1a kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n, qu\u00a9n v\u00b5 d\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00b7 anh d\u00f2ng chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb kh\u00bep c\u00b8c m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn v\u00b5 l\u00cbp nh\u00f7ng chi\u00d5n c\u00abng vang d\u00e9i t\u00b9i \u00a7oan H\u00efng, Khe Lau, s\u00abng L\u00ab, B\u00abng Lau, Ph\u00f1 Th\u00abng, \u00a7\u00cco R\u00b5ng, v.v.. Sau g\u00c7n ba th\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau (t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 7-10 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 22-12-1947), qu\u00a9n v\u00b5 d\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00b8nh h\u00acn 200 tr\u00cbn, lo\u00b9i kh\u00e1i v\u00dfng chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau h\u00acn 7.000","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 617 t\u00aan \u00ae\u00dech; b\u00ben r\u00aci 18 m\u00b8y bay; b\u00ben ch\u00d7m v\u00b5 b\u00ben ch\u00b8y 54 can\u00ab, t\u00b5u chi\u00d5n; ph\u00b8 h\u00f1y 255 xe c\u00ac gi\u00edi; thu h\u00b5ng ngh\u00d7n s\u00f3ng c\u00b8c lo\u00b9i v\u00b5 nhi\u00d2u \u00ae\u00e5 d\u00efng qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 kh\u00b8c. \u00a2m m\u2212u th\u00a9m \u00ae\u00e9c c\u00f1a th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p h\u00dfng nhanh ch\u00e3ng k\u00d5t th\u00f3c cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec n\u2212\u00edc ta \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i. Tr.30. 26. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi l\u00c7n th\u00f8 hai: H\u00e4p t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 16 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 22-11-1950 t\u00b9i V\u00b8csava (Th\u00f1 \u00ae\u00ab n\u2212\u00edc C\u00e9ng h\u00dfa nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Ba Lan, nay l\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc C\u00e9ng h\u00dfa Ba Lan). H\u00acn 2.000 \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi \u00ae\u00b7 v\u00d2 d\u00f9 \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i h\u00e4p l\u00c7n n\u00b5y nh\u00bbm ki\u00d3m \u00aei\u00d3m l\u00b9i c\u00abng t\u00b8c t\u00f5 \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat (th\u00b8ng 4-1949) \u00ae\u00d5n nay v\u00b5 b\u00b5n k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng trong th\u00eai gian t\u00edi. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00dfi ch\u00cam d\u00f8t chi\u00d5n tranh \u00eb Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan, Vi\u00d6t Nam..., \u00ae\u00dfi c\u00cam ch\u00d5 t\u00b9o v\u00b5 s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng bom nguy\u00aan t\u00f6, \u00ae\u00dfi gi\u00b6i tr\u00f5 qu\u00a9n b\u00de. M\u00e9t ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t quan tr\u00e4ng c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi l\u00c7n th\u00f8 hai l\u00b5 quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp H\u00e9i \u00ae\u00e5ng h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi g\u00e5m \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00f1a t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, k\u00d3 c\u00b6 nh\u00f7ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c ch\u2212a gi\u00b5nh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp. H\u00e9i \u00ae\u00e5ng h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi c\u00e3 nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 theo d\u00e2i nh\u00f7ng h\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a Li\u00aan h\u00eep qu\u00e8c. C\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u tham d\u00f9 \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 nh\u00cat tr\u00dd th\u00abng qua m\u00e9t b\u00b6n Hi\u00d6u tri\u00d6u g\u00f6i cho Li\u00aan h\u00eep qu\u00e8c (l\u00f3c n\u00b5y do M\u00fc l\u00f2ng \u00aeo\u00b9n), trong \u00ae\u00e3 nh\u00can m\u00b9nh: \\\"Li\u00aan h\u00eep qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00b5m ti\u00aau tan hy v\u00e4ng c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n th\u00d5 gi\u00edi tr\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00a9y \u00ae\u00c6t tin t\u2212\u00ebng v\u00b5o t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c \u00ae\u00e3, Li\u00aan h\u00eep qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng l\u00abi k\u00d0o\\\". \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i c\u00f2ng \u00ae\u00b7 chu\u00c8n y quy\u00d5t ngh\u00de sau \u00ae\u00a9y: N\u2212\u00edc n\u00b5o d\u00efng qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i tr\u2212\u00edc ti\u00aan \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b8nh m\u00e9t n\u2212\u00edc kh\u00b8c b\u00bbng b\u00cat c\u00f8 m\u00e9t c\u00ed n\u00b5o, n\u2212\u00edc \u00cay l\u00b5 k\u00ce x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec. Kh\u00abng c\u00e3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, qu\u00a9n s\u00f9, kinh t\u00d5 hay n\u00e9i tr\u00de n\u00b5o c\u00e3 th\u00d3 b\u00b5o ch\u00f7a cho s\u00f9 can thi\u00d6p b\u00bbng qu\u00a9n s\u00f9. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00c7u 50 v\u00de v\u00b5o Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech \u00aeo\u00b5n, \u00abng Gi\u00abli\u00ab Quyri (Joliot Curie) tr\u00f3ng c\u00f6 l\u00b5m Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e9i \u00ae\u00e5ng h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. Tr.35. 27. Ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch T\u00acruman, c\u00dfn g\u00e4i l\u00b5 Ch\u2212\u00acng tr\u00d7nh ngo\u00b9i giao hay Ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca T\u00acruman: Do T\u00e6ng th\u00e8ng M\u00fc T\u00acruman \u00ae\u00d2 x\u2212\u00edng trong Th\u2212 g\u00f6i Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i M\u00fc, ng\u00b5y 12-3-1947 v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i M\u00fc th\u00abng qua n\u00a8m 1949. M\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch c\u00f1a ch\u2212\u00acng tr\u00d7nh n\u00b5y l\u00b5 nh\u00bbm c\u00f1ng c\u00e8 ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 t\u2212 b\u00b6n ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00eb c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc t\u2212 b\u00b6n, ph\u00f4c h\u00e5i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca t\u2212 b\u00b6n \u00eb nh\u00f7ng n\u00aci \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i, t\u00b9o \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n \u00ae\u00d3 m\u00eb r\u00e9ng s\u00f9 b\u00b5nh tr\u2212\u00edng c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c M\u00fc.","618 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp \u00a7i\u00d3m 4 c\u00f1a ch\u2212\u00acng tr\u00d7nh T\u00acruman c\u00dfn quy \u00ae\u00denh vi\u00d6c \\\"gi\u00f3p \u00ae\u00ec\\\" v\u00d2 ph\u2212\u00acng di\u00d6n t\u00b5i ch\u00ddnh v\u00b5 k\u00fc thu\u00cbt cho c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00cbm ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n. Ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca t\u2212 b\u00b6n M\u00fc \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00eei d\u00f4ng \u00aei\u00d3m n\u00b5y \u00ae\u00d3 xu\u00cat kh\u00c8u t\u2212 b\u00b6n, b\u00e3c l\u00e9t nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00cbm ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n v\u00b5 thu l\u00eei nhu\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9c quy\u00d2n cao. Tr.35. 28. K\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch M\u00b8csan: K\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch vi\u00d6n tr\u00ee c\u00f1a M\u00fc nh\u00bbm kh\u00abi ph\u00f4c ch\u00a9u \u00a2u sau Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai (1939-1945), do Ngo\u00b9i tr\u2212\u00ebng M\u00fc M\u00b8csan \u00ae\u2212a ra trong b\u00b5i di\u00d4n v\u00a8n t\u00b9i Tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e4c Hav\u00edt (Havard) (ng\u00b5y 5-6-1947). Ng\u00b5y 3-4-1948, Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i M\u00fc \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00abng qua \\\"\u00a7\u00b9o lu\u00cbt v\u00d2 gi\u00f3p \u00ae\u00ec c\u00b8c qu\u00e8c gia kh\u00b8c\\\" theo k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch M\u00b8csan. Theo \u00ae\u00b9o lu\u00cbt n\u00b5y, ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 M\u00fc cho c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc T\u00a9y \u00a2u vay, nh\u2212ng M\u00fc s\u00cf gi\u00b8m s\u00b8t vi\u00d6c s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng c\u00b8c kho\u00b6n cho vay; c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc nh\u00cbn vi\u00d6n tr\u00ee, khi s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng c\u00b8c kho\u00b6n ti\u00d2n vay ph\u00b6i \u00ae\u2212\u00eec M\u00fc ph\u00aa chu\u00c8n; c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc nh\u00cbn vi\u00d6n tr\u00ee kh\u00abng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec s\u00b6n xu\u00cat nh\u00f7ng h\u00b5ng h\u00e3a c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat c\u00b9nh tranh v\u00edi M\u00fc; ph\u00b6i d\u00efng ti\u00d2n vi\u00d6n tr\u00ee \u00ae\u00d3 mua h\u00b5ng c\u00f1a M\u00fc; 50% h\u00b5ng h\u00e3a M\u00fc vi\u00d6n tr\u00ee ph\u00b6i do t\u00b5u b\u00cc c\u00f1a M\u00fc chuy\u00aan ch\u00eb; c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc nh\u00cbn vi\u00d6n tr\u00ee ph\u00b6i nh\u00cbn cung c\u00cap cho M\u00fc c\u00b8c v\u00cbt t\u2212 chi\u00d5n l\u2212\u00eec, ph\u00b6i b\u00b6o h\u00e9 quy\u00d2n l\u00eei khai th\u00b8c v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00c7u t\u2212 c\u00f1a c\u00b8c nh\u00b5 kinh doanh M\u00fc; \u00ae\u00e5ng th\u00eai l\u00c7n l\u2212\u00eet k\u00fd hi\u00d6p \u00ae\u00denh tay \u00ae\u00abi v\u00edi M\u00fc, v.v.. K\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch M\u00b8csan th\u00f9c ch\u00cat l\u00b5 k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc xu\u00cat kh\u00c8u h\u00b5ng h\u00e3a v\u00b5 t\u2212 b\u00b6n cho vay c\u00f1a M\u00fc, nh\u00bbm gi\u00b5nh th\u00de tr\u2212\u00eang ti\u00aau th\u00f4 m\u00edi, ngu\u00e5n nguy\u00aan li\u00d6u v\u00b5 n\u00aci \u00ae\u00c7u t\u2212 trong c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc T\u00a9y \u00a2u v\u00b5 thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea c\u00f1a c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00e3. Th\u00f9c ch\u00cat c\u00f1a k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch n\u00b5y l\u00b5 vi\u00d6c \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c M\u00fc theo \u00aeu\u00e6i nh\u00f7ng m\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch kinh t\u00d5, qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 v\u00b5 can thi\u00d6p v\u00b5o c\u00abng vi\u00d6c n\u00e9i b\u00e9 c\u00f1a c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc kh\u00b8c. C\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc ti\u00d5p nh\u00cbn k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch M\u00b8csan ph\u00b6i d\u00b5nh cho M\u00fc nh\u00f7ng \u00ae\u00c6c quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00c6c l\u00eei c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat m\u00e9t chi\u00d2u, ph\u00b6i ng\u00f5ng bu\u00abn b\u00b8n v\u00edi Li\u00aan X\u00ab v\u00b5 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n. Ph\u00c7n l\u00edn s\u00e8 ti\u00d2n m\u00b5 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc ti\u00d5p nh\u00cbn k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch M\u00b8csan do s\u00f8c \u00d0p c\u00f1a M\u00fc \u00ae\u00d2u chi v\u00b5o m\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch qu\u00a9n s\u00f9. Ngo\u00b5i ra \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c M\u00fc c\u00dfn x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng nhi\u00d2u c\u00a8n c\u00f8 qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 tr\u00aan l\u00b7nh th\u00e6 nh\u00f7ng n\u2212\u00edc n\u00b5y. Tr.35. 29. Hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc \u00a7\u00b9i T\u00a9y D\u2212\u00acng, c\u00dfn g\u00e4i l\u00b5 Hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc B\u00bec \u00a7\u00b9i T\u00a9y D\u2212\u00acng (NATO): K\u00fd ng\u00b5y 4-4-1949 t\u00b9i Oasinht\u00acn (Washington). Tham gia k\u00fd k\u00d5t Hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc c\u00e3 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc: M\u00fc, Anh, Ph\u00b8p, B\u00d8, Cana\u00aea, \u00a7an M\u00b9ch, Ailen, Italia, L\u00f3cx\u00a8mbua, Na Uy, H\u00b5 Lan, B\u00e5 \u00a7\u00b5o Nha. Hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc \u00a7\u00b9i T\u00a9y D\u2212\u00acng l\u00b5 m\u00e9t hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc li\u00aan minh ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de - qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 do M\u00fc c\u00c7m \u00ae\u00c7u,","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 619 nh\u00bbm ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00eb ch\u00a9u \u00a2u, th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n vi\u00d6c bao v\u00a9y Li\u00aan X\u00ab v\u00b5 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00eb ch\u00a9u \u00a2u, chu\u00c8n b\u00de g\u00a9y chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi m\u00edi. Tr.35. 30. Cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh M\u00fc x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan trong nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 1950- 1953: Tr\u2212\u00edc s\u00f9 khi\u00aau kh\u00ddch \u00eb gi\u00edi tuy\u00d5n qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 c\u00f1a ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n Nam Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan, ng\u00b5y 25-6-1950, qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i B\u00bec Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00d5n v\u00b5o Nam Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan \u00ae\u00d3 gi\u00b8ng tr\u00b6. L\u00cay c\u00ed \u00ae\u00e3, Li\u00aan h\u00eep qu\u00e8c do M\u00fc thao t\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00b7 ch\u00cap thu\u00cbn ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t sai tr\u00b8i cho ph\u00d0p \\\"Qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Li\u00aan h\u00eep qu\u00e8c\\\" do M\u00fc v\u00b5 c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e5ng minh c\u00f1a M\u00fc v\u00b5o chi\u00d5m \u00ae\u00e3ng mi\u00d2n B\u00bec Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan. Th\u00b8ng 9-1950, qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i M\u00fc v\u00b5 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00e6 b\u00e9 l\u00aan b\u00b8n \u00ae\u00b6o ph\u00f4 thu\u00e9c Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan. Ch\u00bcng bao l\u00a9u ph\u00c7n l\u00edn \u00ae\u00cat \u00aeai \u00eb B\u00bec Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan \u00ae\u00b7 r\u00aci v\u00b5o tay b\u00e4n can thi\u00d6p. Ng\u00b5y 25-10-1950, Qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan v\u00b5 Qu\u00a9n t\u00d7nh nguy\u00d6n Trung Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00aau hao \u00ae\u00dech v\u00b5 chuy\u00d3n sang ph\u00b6n c\u00abng, \u00ae\u00b8nh b\u00cbt qu\u00a9n M\u00fc v\u00b5 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc phe M\u00fc v\u00d2 ph\u00dda nam v\u00dc tuy\u00d5n 38. Khi \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c M\u00fc x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan, Li\u00aan X\u00ab, c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca v\u00b5 c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng ti\u00d5n b\u00e9 tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00cau tranh \u00ae\u00dfi ch\u00cam d\u00f8t chi\u00d5n tranh v\u00b5 gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan. Tr\u2212\u00edc s\u00f9 \u00ae\u00cau tranh ki\u00aan tr\u00d7 c\u00f1a Li\u00aan X\u00ab v\u00b5 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi, th\u00b8ng 7-1953, \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c M\u00fc ph\u00b6i ch\u00cap nh\u00cbn vi\u00d6c ng\u00f5ng b\u00ben v\u00b5 k\u00fd Hi\u00d6p \u00ae\u00denh \u00ae\u00d7nh chi\u00d5n \u00eb Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan. Tr.35. 31. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat Vi\u00d6t Minh - Li\u00aan Vi\u00d6t: H\u00e4p t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 3 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 7-3-1951 t\u00b9i Vi\u00d6t B\u00bec. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00abng qua Ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat hai t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp \u00ae\u00e5ng minh (Vi\u00d6t Minh) v\u00b5 H\u00e9i Li\u00aan hi\u00d6p qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam (Li\u00aan Vi\u00d6t) th\u00b5nh M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Li\u00aan - Vi\u00d6t nh\u00bbm c\u00f1ng c\u00e8 v\u00b5 m\u00eb r\u00e9ng kh\u00e8i \u00ae\u00b9i \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t to\u00b5n d\u00a9n, \u00ae\u00b8p \u00f8ng y\u00aau c\u00c7u m\u00edi c\u00f1a cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00aeang b\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5o th\u00eai k\u00fa quy\u00d5t li\u00d6t. Th\u00b5nh vi\u00aan c\u00f1a M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Li\u00aan - Vi\u00d6t g\u00e5m c\u00e3 \u00a7\u00b6ng Lao \u00ae\u00e9ng Vi\u00d6t Nam, c\u00b8c \u00aeo\u00b5n th\u00d3, t\u00abn gi\u00b8o v\u00b5 c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng ph\u00b8i y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc, \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t \u00ae\u00cau tranh cho m\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch chung l\u00b5 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p, \u00ae\u00b8nh b\u00b9i can thi\u00d6p M\u00fc, \u00ae\u2212a s\u00f9 nghi\u00d6p kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ki\u00d5n qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00d5n th\u00beng l\u00eei. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00abng qua Ch\u00ddnh c\u2212\u00acng, \u00a7i\u00d2u l\u00d6 v\u00b5 Tuy\u00aan ng\u00abn c\u00f1a M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00f9a tr\u00aan nguy\u00aan t\u00bec b\u00b6o \u00ae\u00b6m \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t r\u00e9ng r\u00b7i, th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n d\u00a9n ch\u00f1,","620 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp t\u00abn tr\u00e4ng t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp c\u00f1a c\u00b8c \u00aeo\u00b5n th\u00d3, d\u00efng ph\u00aa b\u00d7nh v\u00b5 t\u00f9 ph\u00aa b\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00d3 gi\u00f3p \u00ae\u00ec l\u00c9n nhau. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i nh\u00cat tr\u00dd t\u00b8n th\u00b5nh vi\u00d6c x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng v\u00b5 b\u00b6o v\u00d6 kh\u00e8i \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t ba d\u00a9n t\u00e9c Vi\u00d6t Nam, L\u00b5o, Campuchia \u00ae\u00d3 ch\u00e8ng k\u00ce th\u00ef chung l\u00b5 th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 can thi\u00d6p M\u00fc. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00c7u \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh l\u00b5 Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech danh d\u00f9 M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Li\u00aan - Vi\u00d6t. Tr.47. 32. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de n\u00abng d\u00a9n c\u00f8u qu\u00e8c to\u00b5n qu\u00e8c l\u00c7n th\u00f8 hai: H\u00e4p v\u00b5o th\u00b8ng 3-1951 \u00ae\u00d3 b\u00b5n v\u00d2 nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 m\u00edi c\u00f1a H\u00e9i v\u00b5 s\u00f6a \u00ae\u00e6i \u00a7i\u00d2u l\u00d6 H\u00e9i. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u2212\u00eec \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd Tr\u2212\u00eang Chinh, T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212 c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00d5n th\u00a8m v\u00b5 ph\u00b8t bi\u00d3u t\u00b9i H\u00e9i ngh\u00de. \u00a7\u00e5ng ch\u00dd \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e3i r\u00e2 ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi n\u00abng d\u00a9n v\u00b5 nh\u00can m\u00b9nh, \u00a7\u00b6ng ta \\\"r\u00cat ch\u00f3 \u00fd \u00ae\u00d5n quy\u00d2n l\u00eei c\u00f1a n\u00abng d\u00a9n\\\", \\\"\u00a7\u00b6ng coi nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 c\u00b6i c\u00b8ch ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat l\u00b5 m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 quan tr\u00e4ng v\u00b5o b\u00cbc nh\u00cat\\\". H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00b7 ra Ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00c8y m\u00b9nh t\u00a8ng gia s\u00b6n xu\u00cat nh\u00bbm b\u00b6o \u00ae\u00b6m cung c\u00cap \u00ae\u00f1 l\u2212\u00acng th\u00f9c cho ti\u00d2n tuy\u00d5n v\u00b5 h\u00cbu ph\u2212\u00acng, k\u00aau g\u00e4i h\u00e9i vi\u00aan tham gia t\u00b8c chi\u00d5n, ph\u00f4c v\u00f4 chi\u00d5n d\u00dech, thi h\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00f3ng ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat v\u00b5 x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng H\u00e9i v\u00f7ng m\u00b9nh. Tr.56. 33. Chi\u00d5n d\u00dech \u00ae\u2212\u00eang s\u00e8 18 (c\u00dfn g\u00e4i l\u00b5 chi\u00d5n d\u00dech Ho\u00b5ng Hoa Th\u00b8m): M\u00eb t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 23-3-1951. Trong chi\u00d5n d\u00dech n\u00b5y, qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i ta \u00ae\u00b7 huy \u00ae\u00e9ng 7 trung \u00aeo\u00b5n ch\u00f1 l\u00f9c c\u00efng c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00b8nh v\u00b5o ph\u00dfng tuy\u00d5n c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech tr\u00aan \u00ae\u2212\u00eang s\u00e8 18 (khu v\u00f9c t\u00f5 Ph\u00b6 L\u00b9i \u00ae\u00d5n U\u00abng B\u00dd). B\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9i ta \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00can c\u00abng m\u00e9t s\u00e8 c\u00f8 \u00aei\u00d3m l\u00edn nh\u00e1 c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb khu v\u00f9c n\u00b5y, bu\u00e9c ch\u00f3ng ph\u00b6i t\u00a8ng c\u2212\u00eang l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng chi vi\u00d6n cho nh\u00f7ng c\u00f8 \u00aei\u00d3m b\u00de t\u00can c\u00abng. Tuy c\u00e3 m\u00e9t s\u00e8 tr\u00cbn \u00ae\u00b8nh kh\u00abng th\u00b5nh c\u00abng, nh\u2212ng m\u00e9t b\u00e9 ph\u00cbn sinh l\u00f9c \u00ae\u00dech \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de ti\u00aau di\u00d6t, c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang ta \u00ae\u00b7 r\u00f3t \u00ae\u2212\u00eec nhi\u00d2u b\u00b5i h\u00e4c kinh nghi\u00d6m qu\u00fd b\u00b8u. Ng\u00b5y 5-4-1951, chi\u00d5n d\u00dech k\u00d5t th\u00f3c. Tr.74. 34. Chi\u00d5n d\u00dech Quang Trung (c\u00dfn g\u00e4i l\u00b5 chi\u00d5n d\u00dech H\u00b5 Nam Ninh): B\u00bet \u00ae\u00c7u t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 28-5-1951. Trong chi\u00d5n d\u00dech n\u00b5y, b\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9i ch\u00f1 l\u00f9c c\u00f1a ta \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00can c\u00abng m\u00e9t lo\u00b9t v\u00de tr\u00dd c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb Ninh B\u00d7nh, n\u00aci s\u00ac h\u00eb c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb \u00ae\u00e5ng b\u00bbng B\u00bec B\u00e9. \u00a7\u2212\u00eec s\u00f9 ph\u00e8i h\u00eep v\u00b5 gi\u00f3p \u00ae\u00ec c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n v\u00b5 c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng, b\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9i ta \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00dech trong th\u00de x\u00b7 Ninh B\u00d7nh v\u00b5 c\u00b8c v\u00de tr\u00dd \u00a7\u00b9i Phong, Non N\u2212\u00edc, G\u00e8i H\u00b9c, v.v..","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 621 Ph\u00e8i h\u00eep v\u00edi b\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9i ch\u00f1 l\u00f9c \u00aeang ti\u00aau di\u00d6t \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb Ninh B\u00d7nh, c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh m\u00e9t s\u00e8 tr\u00cbn ph\u00f4c k\u00ddch, t\u00cbp k\u00ddch v\u00b5 ch\u00e8ng \u00ae\u00dech c\u00b5n qu\u00d0t \u00eb \u00a7\u00e8ng L\u2212\u00acng (V\u00f4 B\u00b6n, Nam \u00a7\u00denh), Cam Gi\u00b8 (Ninh B\u00d7nh), Ch\u00ee Ch\u00b8y (H\u00b5 \u00a7\u00abng)... ti\u00aau di\u00d6t nhi\u00d2u sinh l\u00f9c \u00ae\u00dech. Qua chi\u00d5n d\u00dech Quang Trung, qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i ta c\u00e3 th\u00aam nhi\u00d2u kinh nghi\u00d6m t\u00b8c chi\u00d5n \u00eb chi\u00d5n tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00e5ng b\u00bbng l\u00b5 n\u00aci \u00ae\u00dech c\u00e3 l\u00eei th\u00d5 ph\u00b8t huy binh l\u00f9c v\u00b5 ho\u00b6 l\u00f9c. Ng\u00b5y 20-6-1951, chi\u00d5n d\u00dech Quang Trung k\u00d5t th\u00f3c. Tr.103. 35. C\u00c7n V\u2212\u00acng: Phong tr\u00b5o y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a c\u00b8c s\u00dc phu, v\u00a8n th\u00a9n h\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng chi\u00d5u C\u00c7n V\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a vua H\u00b5m Nghi. Phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00b7 k\u00d0o d\u00b5i g\u00c7n 10 n\u00a8m, t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1885 \u00ae\u00d5n n\u00a8m 1895. Sau khi kinh th\u00b5nh Hu\u00d5 th\u00cat th\u00f1 (ng\u00b5y 5-7-1885), T\u00abn Th\u00cat Thuy\u00d5t - ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u ph\u00b8i ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p trong tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00d7nh, \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c \u00ae\u2212a vua H\u00b5m Nghi (l\u00f3c n\u00b5y c\u00dfn nh\u00e1) ch\u00b9y ra S\u00acn Ph\u00dfng (Qu\u00b6ng Tr\u00de) \u00ae\u00d3 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p. Ng\u00b5y 10-7-1885, \u00ae\u00d5n S\u00acn Ph\u00dfng, vua H\u00b5m Nghi \u00ae\u00b7 xu\u00e8ng chi\u00d5u C\u00c7n V\u2212\u00acng h\u00ab h\u00b5o to\u00b5n d\u00a9n n\u00e6i d\u00cby ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p. H\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng chi\u00d5u C\u00c7n V\u2212\u00acng, c\u00b8c s\u00dc phu, v\u00a8n th\u00a9n y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc nhi\u00d2u n\u00aci \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6i d\u00cby ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p, nh\u00cat l\u00b5 \u00eb B\u00bec K\u00fa v\u00b5 Trung K\u00fa m\u00b5 ti\u00aau bi\u00d3u l\u00b5 cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca H\u2212\u00acng Kh\u00aa (v\u00efng r\u00f5ng n\u00f3i H\u2212\u00acng S\u00acn, H\u00b5 T\u00dcnh) do c\u00f4 Phan \u00a7\u00d7nh Ph\u00efng l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o. Tr.125. 36. Thanh ni\u00aan c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd H\u00e9i (H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan): M\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c ti\u00d2n th\u00a9n c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng do l\u00b7nh t\u00f4 Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp v\u00b5o th\u00b8ng 6-1925, t\u00b9i Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u (Trung Qu\u00e8c). H\u00e9i c\u00e3 Ch\u00ddnh c\u2212\u00acng, Ch\u2212\u00acng tr\u00d7nh ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng v\u00b5 \u00a7i\u00d2u l\u00d6 t\u00e3m t\u00bet. C\u00ac quan tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n c\u00f1a H\u00e9i l\u00b5 tu\u00c7n b\u00b8o Thanh ni\u00aan. T\u00b9i Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u, T\u00e6ng b\u00e9 Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan \u00ae\u00b7 m\u00eb c\u00b8c l\u00edp hu\u00can luy\u00d6n ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de. Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p ph\u00f4 tr\u00b8ch t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00b5 hu\u00can luy\u00d6n c\u00b8c l\u00edp h\u00e4c n\u00b5y. H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan l\u00b5 m\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ta theo xu h\u2212\u00edng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n khoa h\u00e4c. H\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 \u00aei v\u00b5o qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng, v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00abng nh\u00a9n, n\u00abng d\u00a9n theo quan \u00aei\u00d3m t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c - L\u00aanin. \u00a7\u2212\u00eec s\u00f9 gi\u00b8o d\u00f4c c\u00f1a Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c v\u00d2 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c - L\u00aanin, v\u00d2 \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i v\u00b5 ph\u2212\u00acng ph\u00b8p c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, v\u00d2 \u00ae\u00b9o \u00ae\u00f8c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec r\u00ccn","622 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp luy\u00d6n trong phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng, r\u00cat nhi\u00d2u c\u00b8n b\u00e9 c\u00f1a H\u00e9i sau n\u00b5y \u00ae\u00b7 tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n ch\u00a9n ch\u00ddnh v\u00b5 l\u00b5 n\u00dfng c\u00e8t c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng ta. L\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c ti\u00d2n th\u00a9n c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng, H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00b5m tr\u00dfn s\u00f8 m\u00d6nh l\u00dech s\u00f6 c\u00f1a m\u00d7nh, chu\u00c8n b\u00de v\u00d2 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng v\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c cho m\u00e9t \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n ch\u00a9n ch\u00ddnh ra \u00ae\u00eai \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam. Tr.126. 37. Chi\u00d5n d\u00dech H\u00dfa B\u00d7nh: B\u00bet \u00ae\u00c7u t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 10-12-1951. Trung tu\u00c7n th\u00b8ng 11-1951, th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00ea L\u00b8t \u00ae\u00ea T\u00b8txinhi, th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b7 m\u00eb cu\u00e9c c\u00b5n qu\u00d0t l\u00aan v\u00efng H\u00dfa B\u00d7nh, \u00a9m m\u2212u l\u00cbp l\u00b9i h\u00b5nh lang \u00a7\u00abng - T\u00a9y, ch\u00c6n \u00ae\u2212\u00eang ti\u00d5p t\u00d5 c\u00f1a ta, l\u00cbp \\\"x\u00f8 M\u2212\u00eang t\u00f9 tr\u00de\\\" h\u00dfng chia r\u00cf c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c thi\u00d3u s\u00e8, ti\u00aau di\u00d6t b\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9i ch\u00f1 l\u00f9c c\u00f1a ta v\u00b5 gi\u00b5nh l\u00b9i th\u00d5 ch\u00f1 \u00ae\u00e9ng tr\u00aan chi\u00d5n tr\u2212\u00eang B\u00bec B\u00e9. L\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ch\u00f3ng huy \u00ae\u00e9ng cho cu\u00e9c h\u00b5nh qu\u00a9n n\u00b5y g\u00e5m 20 ti\u00d3u \u00aeo\u00b5n tinh nhu\u00d6, l\u00f3c cao nh\u00cat l\u00aan t\u00edi 29 ti\u00d3u \u00aeo\u00b5n, c\u00e3 kh\u00abng qu\u00a9n, ph\u00b8o binh v\u00b5 c\u00ac gi\u00edi y\u00d3m tr\u00ee. N\u00bem ch\u00bec ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng v\u00b5 l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech, ng\u00b5y 24-11-1951, Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng ra Ch\u00d8 th\u00de: Nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 ph\u00b8 cu\u00e9c ti\u00d5n c\u00abng l\u00aan H\u00dfa B\u00d7nh c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech. Ch\u00d8 th\u00de v\u00b9ch r\u00e2, nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 c\u00f1a ta trong chi\u00d5n d\u00dech n\u00b5y l\u00b5 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn ch\u00ddnh di\u00d6n, \u00ae\u00c8y m\u00b9nh chi\u00d5n tranh du k\u00ddch \u00eb v\u00efng sau l\u2212ng \u00ae\u00dech, m\u00eb r\u00e9ng c\u00b8c khu c\u00a8n c\u00f8 du k\u00ddch. Th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n Ch\u00d8 th\u00de c\u00f1a Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng, c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00b7 chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau d\u00f2ng c\u00b6m tr\u00aan c\u00b8c m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn. \u00eb m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn ch\u00ddnh di\u00d6n, qu\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00dech tr\u00aan c\u00b6 ba ph\u00a9n khu: Ch\u00ee B\u00d5n, s\u00abng \u00a7\u00b5 v\u00b5 H\u00dfa B\u00d7nh, v\u00edi c\u00b8c chi\u00d5n th\u00beng vang d\u00e9i \u00eb Tu V\u00f2, \u00ae\u2212\u00eang s\u00e8 6, s\u00abng \u00a7\u00b5, v.v.. \u00eb m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn sau l\u2212ng \u00ae\u00dech, chi\u00d5n tranh du k\u00ddch ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n r\u00cat m\u00b9nh \u00eb V\u00dcnh Y\u00aan, B\u00bec Ninh, Ninh B\u00d7nh, v.v.. Tr\u2212\u00edc s\u00f9 ti\u00d5n c\u00abng c\u00f1a ta \u00eb c\u00b6 hai m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn, ng\u00b5y 23-2-1952, qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00dech ph\u00b6i r\u00f3t ch\u00b9y kh\u00e1i H\u00dfa B\u00d7nh. T\u00e6ng k\u00d5t chi\u00d5n d\u00dech, qu\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00b7 lo\u00b9i kh\u00e1i v\u00dfng chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau 22.000 t\u00aan \u00ae\u00dech (ri\u00aang \u00eb m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn H\u00dfa B\u00d7nh, s\u00e8 \u00ae\u00dech b\u00de ti\u00aau di\u00d6t l\u00b5 h\u00acn 6.000 t\u00aan), b\u00ben r\u00aci 13 m\u00b8y bay, b\u00ben ch\u00b8y 23 t\u00b5u chi\u00d5n v\u00b5 can\u00ab, ph\u00b8 h\u00f1y 17 xe t\u00a8ng, thu nhi\u00d2u \u00ae\u00e5 d\u00efng qu\u00a9n s\u00f9. H\u00acn 2 tri\u00d6u d\u00a9n v\u00b5 m\u00e9t v\u00efng \u00ae\u00cat \u00aeai r\u00e9ng l\u00edn \u00ae\u2212\u00eec gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng. Tr.242. 38. Chi\u00d5n d\u00dech L\u00fd Th\u2212\u00eang Ki\u00d6t: M\u00eb t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 1 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 10-10-1951 theo ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat kh\u00e3a II (th\u00b8ng 3-1951),","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 623 nh\u00bbm ti\u00aau di\u00d6t \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb Ngh\u00dca L\u00e9 \u00ae\u00d3 m\u00eb \u00ae\u00c7u v\u00b5 ph\u00e8i h\u00eep v\u00edi c\u00b8c chi\u00d5n d\u00dech ti\u00aau di\u00d6t \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb T\u00a9y B\u00bec, trung du v\u00b5 c\u00b8c m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn v\u00efng h\u00f7u ng\u00b9n s\u00abng H\u00e5ng. Th\u00b8ng 11-1951, th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p t\u00cbp trung l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng \u00ae\u00b8nh ra v\u00efng H\u00dfa B\u00d7nh h\u00dfng gi\u00b5nh l\u00b9i th\u00d5 ch\u00f1 \u00ae\u00e9ng tr\u00aan chi\u00d5n tr\u2212\u00eang. Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng v\u00b5 B\u00e9 T\u00e6ng t\u2212 l\u00d6nh \u00ae\u00b7 nh\u00cbn \u00ae\u00denh t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh v\u00b5 quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh t\u00cbp trung m\u00e9t l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng l\u00edn, k\u00d3 c\u00b6 l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng \u00aeang l\u00b5m nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 trong chi\u00d5n d\u00dech L\u00fd Th\u2212\u00eang Ki\u00d6t, \u00ae\u00d3 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t \u00ae\u00dech trong chi\u00d5n d\u00dech H\u00dfa B\u00d7nh. Tr.268. 39. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng t\u2212 s\u00b6n d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 Nga n\u00a8m 1905: Cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 t\u2212 s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan \u00eb Nga, k\u00d0o d\u00b5i t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1905 \u00ae\u00d5n n\u00a8m 1907. Kh\u00c8u hi\u00d6u c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng l\u00b5 l\u00cbt \u00ae\u00e6 ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 Nga ho\u00b5ng, th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp n\u2212\u00edc C\u00e9ng h\u00dfa d\u00a9n ch\u00f1, t\u00dech thu ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dea ch\u00f1 chia cho d\u00a9n c\u00b5y, ng\u00b5y l\u00b5m vi\u00d6c 8 gi\u00ea, th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n c\u00b8c quy\u00d2n t\u00f9 do d\u00a9n ch\u00f1, v.v.. Kh\u00ebi \u00ae\u00c7u l\u00b5 s\u00f9 ki\u00d6n c\u00abng nh\u00a9n th\u00b5nh ph\u00e8 P\u00aat\u00d0cbua (Peterburg) b\u00de t\u00b5n s\u00b8t d\u00b7 man (ng\u00b5y 9-1-1905), sau \u00ae\u00e3 di\u00d4n ra c\u00b8c cu\u00e9c bi\u00d3u t\u00d7nh, b\u00b7i c\u00abng v\u00b5 binh bi\u00d5n. \u00a7\u00d8nh cao c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng l\u00b5 cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca v\u00f2 trang (th\u00b8ng 12-1905) c\u00f1a c\u00abng nh\u00a9n th\u00b5nh ph\u00e8 M\u00b8txc\u00acva v\u00b5 nhi\u00d2u th\u00b5nh ph\u00e8 kh\u00b8c. Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Nga ho\u00b5ng \u00ae\u00b5n \u00b8p kh\u00e8c li\u00d6t. N\u00a8m 1906, c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng tho\u00b8i tr\u00b5o v\u00b5 n\u00a8m 1907, ch\u00cam d\u00f8t. Trong ti\u00d5n tr\u00d7nh c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, \u00ae\u00b7 ra \u00ae\u00eai c\u00b8c X\u00abvi\u00d5t \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00abng nh\u00a9n, n\u00abng d\u00a9n v\u00b5 binh l\u00ddnh. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng n\u00b5y c\u00e3 \u00fd ngh\u00dca l\u00dech s\u00f6 quan tr\u00e4ng, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec xem nh\u2212 \\\"cu\u00e9c t\u00e6ng di\u00d4n t\u00cbp l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat\\\" c\u00f1a C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca Th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai n\u00a8m 1917. Tr.287. 40. Chi\u00d5n th\u00beng Bi\u00aan gi\u00edi: Th\u00beng l\u00eei c\u00f1a qu\u00a9n v\u00b5 d\u00a9n ta trong chi\u00d5n d\u00dech Bi\u00aan gi\u00edi Thu \u00a7\u00abng n\u00a8m 1950, c\u00dfn g\u00e4i l\u00b5 chi\u00d5n d\u00dech L\u00aa H\u00e5ng Phong II \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh theo quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh h\u00e5i th\u00b8ng 6-1950 c\u00f1a Ban Th\u2212\u00eang v\u00f4 Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng v\u00b5 c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh. M\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch c\u00f1a chi\u00d5n d\u00dech l\u00b5 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t m\u00e9t b\u00e9 ph\u00cbn quan tr\u00e4ng sinh l\u00f9c \u00ae\u00dech, m\u00eb r\u00e9ng v\u00b5 c\u00f1ng c\u00e8 c\u00a8n c\u00f8 \u00ae\u00dea Vi\u00d6t B\u00bec, ph\u00b8 tan v\u00dfng v\u00a9y c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c v\u00edi ta. \u00a7\u00c7u th\u00b8ng 9-1950, Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00aan \u00ae\u2212\u00eang ra m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn. S\u00b8ng ng\u00b5y 16-9-1950, chi\u00d5n d\u00dech b\u00bet \u00ae\u00c7u. B\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9i ta \u00ae\u00b8nh chi\u00d5m \u00a7\u00abng Kh\u00aa, m\u00e9t c\u00a8n c\u00f8 quan tr\u00e4ng c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech tr\u00aan tuy\u00d5n ph\u00dfng ng\u00f9 \u00ae\u2212\u00eang s\u00e8 4, n\u00bbm gi\u00f7a L\u00b9ng S\u00acn v\u00b5 Cao B\u00bbng. B\u00de m\u00cat \u00a7\u00abng Kh\u00aa, qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh r\u00f3t kh\u00e1i Cao B\u00bbng theo k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch: M\u00e9t m\u00c6t d\u00efng g\u00c7n h\u00d5t l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng","624 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp d\u00f9 b\u00de c\u00dfn l\u00b9i \u00eb B\u00bec B\u00e9 \u00ae\u00d3 m\u00eb cu\u00e9c h\u00b5nh binh Ph\u00e8cc\u00ac (Phoque) l\u00aan chi\u00d5m th\u00de x\u00b7 Th\u00b8i Nguy\u00aan, m\u00c6t kh\u00b8c, d\u00efng binh \u00aeo\u00b5n L\u00ac Pagi\u00ac (Le Page) m\u00eb cu\u00e9c h\u00b5nh binh T\u00aared\u00ac (Th\u00d0r\u00ccse) t\u00f5 L\u00b9ng S\u00acn theo \u00ae\u2212\u00eang s\u00e8 4 r\u00f3t v\u00d2. S\u00b8ng ng\u00b5y 7-10-1950, qu\u00a9n ta ti\u00aau di\u00d6t to\u00b5n b\u00e9 binh \u00aeo\u00b5n L\u00ac Pagi\u00ac t\u00b9i C\u00e8c X\u00b8 c\u00b8ch \u00a7\u00abng Kh\u00aa 7 km. Chi\u00d2u ng\u00b5y 7-10-1950, qu\u00a9n ta l\u00b9i ti\u00aau di\u00d6t g\u00e4n binh \u00aeo\u00b5n S\u00b8ct\u00abng t\u00b9i \u00aei\u00d3m cao 477 \u00eb g\u00c7n C\u00e8c X\u00b8 v\u00d2 ph\u00dda t\u00a9y. Binh \u00aeo\u00b5n \u00ae\u00dech t\u00f5 Th\u00cat Kh\u00aa l\u00aan \u00f8ng c\u00f8u c\u00f2ng b\u00e1 ch\u00b9y. T\u00b9i Th\u00b8i Nguy\u00aan, qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00dech b\u00de qu\u00a9n ta ch\u00c6n \u00ae\u00b8nh d\u00f7 d\u00e9i, \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b6i th\u00b8o ch\u00b9y. Trong 13 ng\u00b5y (t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 10 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 23-10-1950), \u00ae\u00dech li\u00aan ti\u00d5p b\u00e1 c\u00b8c v\u00de tr\u00dd Th\u00cat Kh\u00aa, Na S\u00c7m, \u00a7\u00e5ng \u00a7\u00a8ng, L\u00b9ng S\u00acn, \u00a7\u00d7nh L\u00cbp, An Ch\u00a9u r\u00f3t v\u00d2 Ti\u00aan Y\u00aan \u00eb khu v\u00f9c duy\u00aan h\u00b6i. H\u00d6 th\u00e8ng ph\u00dfng tuy\u00d5n \u00ae\u2212\u00eang s\u00e8 4 c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech b\u00de ph\u00b8 v\u00ec. Trong chi\u00d5n d\u00dech Bi\u00aan gi\u00edi, qu\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t v\u00b5 b\u00bet s\u00e8ng h\u00acn 8.000 t\u00aan \u00ae\u00dech (trong \u00ae\u00e3 b\u00bet s\u00e8ng 3.500 t\u00aan), ti\u00aau di\u00d6t g\u00e4n m\u00e9t n\u00f6a l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00ac \u00ae\u00e9ng chi\u00d5n l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb B\u00bec \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, thu nhi\u00d2u v\u00f2 kh\u00dd; gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng 5 th\u00de x\u00b7, 13 th\u00de tr\u00can, nhi\u00d2u v\u00efng \u00ae\u00cat \u00aeai quan tr\u00e4ng, c\u00b6 m\u00e9t d\u00b6i bi\u00aan gi\u00edi d\u00b5i 750 km, bao g\u00e5m 35 v\u00b9n d\u00a9n. C\u00a8n c\u00f8 \u00ae\u00dea Vi\u00d6t B\u00bec \u00ae\u2212\u00eec m\u00eb r\u00e9ng v\u00b5 c\u00f1ng c\u00e8. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng n\u2212\u00edc ta l\u00c7n \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b8 tan v\u00dfng v\u00a9y c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c. Chi\u00d5n d\u00dech Bi\u00aan gi\u00edi l\u00b5 chi\u00d5n d\u00dech ti\u00d5n c\u00abng quy m\u00ab l\u00edn \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan c\u00f1a qu\u00a9n v\u00b5 d\u00a9n ta, m\u00e9t chi\u00d5n d\u00dech \u00ae\u00b8nh v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng, \u00ae\u00b8nh ti\u00aau di\u00d6t xu\u00cat s\u00bec, \u00ae\u00b9t hi\u00d6u su\u00cat chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau cao, \u00ae\u00b8nh d\u00cau b\u2212\u00edc ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n m\u00edi v\u00d2 quy\u00d2n ch\u00f1 \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i ta tr\u00aan chi\u00d5n tr\u2212\u00eang ch\u00ddnh. Tr.295. 41. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de l\u00c7n th\u00f8 ba c\u00f1a Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng (kh\u00e3a II): H\u00e4p t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 22 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 28-4-1952. Sau khi ph\u00a9n t\u00ddch v\u00b5 nh\u00cbn \u00ae\u00denh t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00b5 trong n\u2212\u00edc, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00d2 ra ba nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 l\u00edn l\u00b5: ti\u00aau di\u00d6t sinh l\u00f9c \u00ae\u00dech, \u00ae\u00c8y m\u00b9nh chi\u00d5n tranh du k\u00ddch; ph\u00b8 ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch \\\"d\u00efng ng\u2212\u00eai Vi\u00d6t \u00ae\u00b8nh ng\u2212\u00eai Vi\u00d6t, l\u00cay chi\u00d5n tranh nu\u00abi chi\u00d5n tranh\\\"; b\u00e5i d\u2212\u00ecng l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n, c\u00f1a kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n. \u00a7\u00d3 ho\u00b5n th\u00b5nh ba nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 tr\u00aan, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00b7 v\u00b9ch r\u00e2 b\u00e8n c\u00abng t\u00b8c ch\u00ddnh tr\u2212\u00edc m\u00bet l\u00b5: 1. Th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch t\u00a8ng gia s\u00b6n xu\u00cat v\u00b5 ti\u00d5t ki\u00d6m; 2. Gi\u00f7 v\u00f7ng v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00c8y m\u00b9nh cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh sau l\u2212ng \u00ae\u00dech; 3. Ch\u00can ch\u00d8nh qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i; 4. Ch\u00d8nh \u00a7\u00b6ng. Tr.382.","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 625 42. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de kinh t\u00d5 \u00eb M\u00b8txc\u00acva: H\u00e4p t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 3 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 12-4-1952 t\u00b9i M\u00b8txc\u00acva, g\u00e5m \u00ae\u00b9i di\u00d6n c\u00b8c nh\u00e3m kinh doanh, c\u00b8c nh\u00b5 kinh t\u00d5, c\u00b8c nh\u00b5 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00abng \u00aeo\u00b5n v\u00b5 h\u00eep t\u00b8c x\u00b7 c\u00f1a 49 n\u2212\u00edc. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00b7 ra th\u00abng c\u00b8o kh\u00bcng \u00ae\u00denh r\u00bbng s\u00f9 kh\u00b8c nhau gi\u00f7a c\u00b8c ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 kinh t\u00d5 v\u00b5 x\u00b7 h\u00e9i kh\u00abng ph\u00b6i l\u00b5 nh\u00f7ng tr\u00eb ng\u00b9i cho vi\u00d6c m\u00eb r\u00e9ng s\u00f9 h\u00eep t\u00b8c qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 v\u00d2 m\u00c6t kinh t\u00d5, d\u00f9a tr\u00aan c\u00ac s\u00eb b\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00bcng v\u00b5 c\u00efng c\u00e3 l\u00eei. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de c\u00f2ng th\u00abng qua b\u00b6n hi\u00d6u tri\u00d6u g\u00f6i \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00e5ng Li\u00aan h\u00eep qu\u00e8c; \u00ae\u00d2 ngh\u00de tri\u00d6u t\u00cbp m\u00e9t cu\u00e9c h\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00b8c ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 c\u00e3 s\u00f9 tham gia c\u00f1a c\u00b8c nh\u00e3m kinh doanh v\u00b5 c\u00b8c \u00aeo\u00b5n th\u00d3 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00f1a t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc, nh\u00bbm x\u00f3c ti\u00d5n m\u00eb r\u00e9ng th\u2212\u00acng m\u00b9i qu\u00e8c t\u00d5. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de kinh t\u00d5 th\u00d5 gi\u00edi \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00f1y ban x\u00f3c ti\u00d5n vi\u00d6c ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n th\u2212\u00acng m\u00b9i qu\u00e8c t\u00d5. Tr.383. 43. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh ch\u00a9u \u00b8 v\u00b5 Th\u00b8i B\u00d7nh D\u2212\u00acng: H\u00e4p t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 2-10 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 13-10-1952 t\u00b9i B\u00bec Kinh (Trung Qu\u00e8c). D\u00f9 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de c\u00e3 429 \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00a9u \u00b8, ch\u00a9u \u00f3c, B\u00bec M\u00fc, Trung M\u00fc, Nam M\u00fc, \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00f1a 5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 v\u00b5 m\u00e9t s\u00e8 nh\u00a9n s\u00dc c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u2212\u00eec m\u00eai. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u2212\u00eec t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c nh\u00bbm t\u00a8ng c\u2212\u00eang t\u00d7nh \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t gi\u00f7a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00a9u \u00b8 v\u00b5 Th\u00b8i B\u00d7nh D\u2212\u00acng, \u00ae\u00c8y m\u00b9nh phong tr\u00b5o b\u00b6o v\u00d6 h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh \u00eb khu v\u00f9c n\u00b5y, c\u00ab l\u00cbp b\u00e4n \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c g\u00a9y chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c M\u00fc. V\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 tr\u00e4ng t\u00a9m m\u00b5 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de th\u00b6o lu\u00cbn l\u00b5 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp d\u00a9n t\u00e9c v\u00b5 b\u00b6o v\u00d6 h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de kh\u00bcng \u00ae\u00denh: \u00ae\u00cau tranh cho \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp d\u00a9n t\u00e9c v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00cau tranh cho h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi l\u00b5 m\u00e9t. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00b7 v\u00b9ch ra ch\u2212\u00acng tr\u00d7nh ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f4 th\u00d3 nh\u00bbm \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00c8y m\u00b9nh h\u00acn n\u00f7a phong tr\u00b5o h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh c\u00f1a c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c ch\u00a9u \u00b8 v\u00b5 Th\u00b8i B\u00d7nh D\u2212\u00acng. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00dfi ch\u00cam d\u00f8t chi\u00d5n tranh \u00eb Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan, Vi\u00d6t Nam, L\u00b5o, Campuchia, Malaixia, v.v.. Tr.384. 44. Chi\u00d5n d\u00dech T\u00a9y B\u00bec: \u00a7\u2212\u00eec ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh theo quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh c\u00f1a B\u00e9 Ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng, nh\u00bbm ti\u00aau di\u00d6t m\u00e9t b\u00e9 ph\u00cbn quan tr\u00e4ng sinh l\u00f9c \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb T\u00a9y B\u00bec, gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng m\u00e9t ph\u00c7n l\u00b7nh th\u00e6 v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c n\u00aci \u00ae\u00a9y; ph\u00b8 tan m\u2212u \u00ae\u00e5 l\u00cbp \\\"x\u00f8 Th\u00b8i t\u00f9 tr\u00de\\\" c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech. Chi\u00d5n d\u00dech m\u00eb \u00ae\u00c7u b\u00bbng tr\u00cbn ti\u00d5n c\u00abng c\u00f1a b\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9i ta v\u00b5o ph\u00a9n khu Ngh\u00dca L\u00e9, ng\u00b5y 14-10-1952. Ho\u00b6ng s\u00ee tr\u2212\u00edc s\u00f8c ti\u00d5n c\u00abng c\u00f1a qu\u00a9n ta, ng\u00b5y 29-10-1952, th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p huy \u00ae\u00e9ng l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng \u00eb \u00ae\u00e5ng b\u00bbng m\u00eb cu\u00e9c h\u00b5nh qu\u00a9n Loren l\u00aan c\u00b5n qu\u00d0t v\u00efng Ph\u00f3 Th\u00e4 h\u00dfng ph\u00b8 r\u00e8i h\u00cbu ph\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a ta, h\u00f3t b\u00edt ch\u00f1 l\u00f9c c\u00f1a ta \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00ec \u00ae\u00dfn \u00eb T\u00a9y B\u00bec.","626 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp V\u00edi quy\u00d5t t\u00a9m cao \u00ae\u00e9, qu\u00a9n v\u00b5 d\u00a9n ta kh\u00abng nh\u00f7ng li\u00aan ti\u00d5p ti\u00d5n c\u00abng c\u00b8c c\u00f8 \u00aei\u00d3m c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb T\u00a9y B\u00bec, \u00aeu\u00e6i ch\u00f3ng t\u00edi s\u00b8t bi\u00aan gi\u00edi Vi\u00d6t - L\u00b5o, m\u00b5 c\u00dfn b\u00ce g\u00b7y cu\u00e9c h\u00b5nh qu\u00a9n Loren c\u00f1a th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p, b\u00b6o v\u00d6 v\u00f7ng ch\u00bec h\u00cbu ph\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a ta. Ph\u00e8i h\u00eep v\u00edi m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn ch\u00ddnh, l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n \u00eb v\u00efng \u00ae\u00dech t\u00b9m chi\u00d5m c\u00f2ng li\u00aan ti\u00d5p \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb Nam \u00a7\u00denh, Ninh B\u00d7nh, Th\u00b8i B\u00d7nh, v.v., v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t m\u00e9t b\u00e9 ph\u00cbn l\u00edn sinh l\u00f9c \u00ae\u00dech. Sau h\u00acn hai th\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau, qu\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00b7 lo\u00b9i kh\u00e1i v\u00dfng chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau h\u00acn 6.000 t\u00aan \u00ae\u00dech, thu nhi\u00d2u v\u00f2 kh\u00dd v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e5 d\u00efng qu\u00a9n s\u00f9. M\u00e9t v\u00efng l\u00b7nh th\u00e6 r\u00e9ng 28.500 km2, v\u00edi 25 v\u00b9n d\u00a9n \u00ae\u2212\u00eec gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng, c\u00a8n c\u00f8 \u00ae\u00dea kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1ng c\u00e8 v\u00b5 m\u00eb r\u00e9ng, \u00a9m m\u2212u l\u00cbp \\\"x\u00f8 Th\u00b8i t\u00f9 tr\u00de\\\" c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de \u00ae\u00cbp tan. Tr.481. 45. V\u00f4 T\u00a9y An (S\u00f9 bi\u00d5n T\u00a9y An n\u00a8m 1936): V\u00f4 b\u00bet gi\u00f7 T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch do Tr\u2212\u00acng H\u00e4c L\u2212\u00acng v\u00b5 D\u2212\u00acng H\u00e6 Th\u00b5nh - hai vi\u00aan ch\u00d8 huy qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i c\u00f1a Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng, c\u00e3 khuynh h\u2212\u00edng h\u00eep t\u00b8c v\u00edi \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n ch\u00e8ng Nh\u00cbt - v\u00b5o ng\u00b5y 12-12-1936 khi T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch t\u00edi T\u00a9y An. V\u00edi s\u00f9 h\u00dfa gi\u00b6i c\u00f1a Chu \u00a2n Lai, \u00ae\u00b9i di\u00d6n c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec tr\u00b6 l\u00b9i t\u00f9 do v\u00edi \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n h\u00f8a s\u00cf ch\u00cam d\u00f8t n\u00e9i chi\u00d5n Qu\u00e8c - C\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00d3 c\u00efng nhau ch\u00e8ng Nh\u00cbt. Tr.578. 46. Chi\u00d5n tranh thu\u00e8c phi\u00d6n (c\u00dfn g\u00e4i l\u00b5 Chi\u00d5n tranh nha phi\u00d5n 1840- 1842): Vi\u00d6c thu\u00e8c phi\u00d6n b\u00b8n tr\u00b5n lan \u00eb Trung Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 g\u00a9y ra h\u00cbu qu\u00b6 v\u00d2 kinh t\u00d5 v\u00b5 x\u00b7 h\u00e9i r\u00cat n\u00c6ng n\u00d2. N\u00a8m 1839, tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00d7nh M\u00b7n Thanh c\u00f6 Kh\u00a9m sai \u00ae\u00b9i th\u00c7n L\u00a9m T\u00bec T\u00f5 xu\u00e8ng Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u \u00ae\u00d3 th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n l\u00d6nh c\u00cam bu\u00abn b\u00b8n v\u00b5 h\u00f3t thu\u00e8c phi\u00d6n. L\u00a9m T\u00bec T\u00f5 \u00ae\u00b7 ra l\u00d6nh ch\u00d0m \u00ae\u00c7u m\u00e9t s\u00e8 th\u2212\u00acng nh\u00a9n Trung Qu\u00e8c c\u00a9u k\u00d5t v\u00edi n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i bu\u00abn b\u00b8n thu\u00e8c phi\u00d6n v\u00b5 b\u00bet c\u00b6 c\u00b8c th\u2212\u00acng nh\u00a9n n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i ph\u00b6i giao n\u00e9p h\u00d5t thu\u00e8c phi\u00d6n trong ba ng\u00b5y. T\u00f8c t\u00e8i tr\u2212\u00edc h\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00e9ng ki\u00aan quy\u00d5t n\u00b5y, qu\u00a9n Anh \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6 s\u00f3ng ti\u00d5n \u00ae\u00b8nh nhi\u00d2u th\u00b5nh ph\u00e8 v\u00b5 h\u00b6i c\u00b6ng c\u00f1a Trung Qu\u00e8c. Tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00d7nh M\u00b7n Thanh ph\u00b6i ch\u00cap thu\u00cbn t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n do ph\u00dda Anh \u00ae\u2212a ra. Ng\u00b5y 29-8-1842, m\u00e9t hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc gi\u00f7a Anh v\u00b5 Trung Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec k\u00fd k\u00d5t t\u00b9i Nam Kinh. Trung Qu\u00e8c cam k\u00d5t: - C\u00bet v\u00efng H\u2212\u00acng C\u00b6ng cho Anh.","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 627 - M\u00eb 5 c\u00f6a kh\u00c8u l\u00b5 Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u, H\u00b9 M\u00abn, Ph\u00f3c Ch\u00a9u, Ninh Ba v\u00b5 Th\u2212\u00eeng H\u00b6i cho Anh v\u00b5o bu\u00abn b\u00b8n. - B\u00e5i th\u2212\u00eang cho ph\u00dda Anh 21 tri\u00d6u b\u00b6ng Anh chi\u00d5n ph\u00dd. Tr.583. 47. Ngh\u00dca h\u00dfa \u00aeo\u00b5n (n\u00a8m 1900): Phong tr\u00b5o y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc c\u00f1a n\u00abng d\u00a9n Trung Qu\u00e8c nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m cu\u00e8i th\u00d5 k\u00fb XIX, \u00ae\u00c7u th\u00d5 k\u00fb XX v\u00b5 c\u00e3 ngu\u00e5n g\u00e8c t\u00f5 phong tr\u00b5o Ngh\u00dca h\u00dfa quy\u00d2n gi\u00f7a th\u00d5 k\u00fb XIX. N\u00d0t n\u00e6i b\u00cbt c\u00f1a phong tr\u00b5o Ngh\u00dca h\u00dfa \u00aeo\u00b5n l\u00b5 mang m\u00b5u s\u00bec m\u00aa t\u00ddn, th\u00c7n b\u00dd v\u00edi nh\u00f7ng c\u00a9u ni\u00d6m ch\u00f3 b\u00dd \u00c8n, l\u00e8i trang ph\u00f4c k\u00fa d\u00de. Sau cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh Trung - Nh\u00cbt, c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c thi nhau x\u00a9u x\u00d0 Trung Qu\u00e8c. Ngh\u00dca h\u00dfa \u00aeo\u00b5n \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh nh\u00f7ng cu\u00e9c ti\u00d5n c\u00abng c\u00b8c nh\u00b5 th\u00ea Kit\u00ab gi\u00b8o, tr\u00f4c xu\u00cat c\u00b8c linh m\u00f4c v\u00b5 ph\u00b8 h\u00f1y c\u00b8c c\u00abng tr\u00d7nh, c\u00ac s\u00eb kinh t\u00d5 c\u00f1a ng\u2212\u00eai n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i. M\u00efa H\u00cc n\u00a8m 1900, c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c Anh, Ph\u00b8p, M\u00fc, Nh\u00cbt, Nga, \u00a7\u00f8c, \u00b8o, Italia \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp li\u00aan qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00d3 ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i Ngh\u00dca h\u00dfa \u00aeo\u00b5n. V\u00edi s\u00f9 ph\u00b6n b\u00e9i c\u00f1a tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00d7nh M\u00b7n Thanh, c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 d\u00d7m phong tr\u00b5o Ngh\u00dca h\u00dfa \u00aeo\u00b5n trong bi\u00d3n m\u00b8u. Tr.583. 48. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng t\u2212 s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p (1789-1794): Cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng ti\u00aau di\u00d6t ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 phong ki\u00d5n chuy\u00aan ch\u00d5, m\u00eb \u00ae\u2212\u00eang cho s\u00f9 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca t\u2212 b\u00b6n \u00eb Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 m\u00e9t s\u00e8 n\u2212\u00edc kh\u00b8c \u00eb ch\u00a9u \u00a2u. Do nh\u00f7ng m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n x\u00b7 h\u00e9i h\u00d5t s\u00f8c gay g\u00bet v\u00b5 s\u00f9 suy y\u00d5u c\u00f1a ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 phong ki\u00d5n \u00eb Ph\u00b8p, ng\u00b5y 14-7-1789, qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Pari \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6i d\u00cby kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca, ph\u00b8 ng\u00f4c Baxti, n\u00aci t\u2212\u00eeng tr\u2212ng cho ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 chuy\u00aan ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9c t\u00b5i, \u00ae\u00b8nh d\u00cau s\u00f9 s\u00f4p \u00ae\u00e6 c\u00f1a ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 chuy\u00aan ch\u00d5 phong ki\u00d5n \u00eb Ph\u00b8p. Sau nh\u00f7ng cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh quy\u00d5t li\u00d6t trong n\u00e9i b\u00e9, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec s\u00f9 \u00f1ng h\u00e9 c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de qu\u00e8c \u2212\u00edc (Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i) do b\u00c7u c\u00f6 ra, \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec tri\u00d6u t\u00cbp v\u00b5 ph\u00b8i Giac\u00abbanh do M. R\u00abbexpie \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u, \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00aan n\u00bem ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n (th\u00b8ng 6-1793), thi\u00d5t l\u00cbp n\u00d2n chuy\u00aan ch\u00ddnh d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. Nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai Giac\u00abbanh \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n \u00ae\u00cbp tan nh\u00f7ng cu\u00e9c n\u00e6i lo\u00b9n ph\u00b6n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng; \u00ae\u00b8nh b\u00b9i cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh can thi\u00d6p c\u00f1a b\u00e4n ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00b8o, Ph\u00e6 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec s\u00f9 \u00f1ng h\u00e9 c\u00f1a Anh, H\u00b5 Lan v\u00b5 T\u00a9y Ban Nha; ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh nh\u00f7ng c\u00b6i c\u00b8ch d\u00a9n ch\u00f1, chia ru\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00cat cho n\u00abng d\u00a9n, th\u00abng qua Hi\u00d5n ph\u00b8p m\u00edi v\u00b5 tuy\u00aan b\u00e8 n\u2212\u00edc Ph\u00b8p l\u00b5 m\u00e9t n\u2212\u00edc C\u00e9ng h\u00dfa. Nh\u2212ng cu\u00e8i c\u00efng, n\u00d2n chuy\u00aan ch\u00ddnh Giac\u00abbanh \u00ae\u00b7 kh\u00abng t\u00e5n t\u00b9i \u00ae\u2212\u00eec l\u00a9u. Giai c\u00cap","628 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp \u00ae\u00b9i t\u2212 s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b7 c\u2212\u00edp \u00aeo\u00b9t th\u00b5nh qu\u00b6 c\u00f1a cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, l\u00cbt \u00ae\u00e6 nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai Giac\u00abbanh. Cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng 1789-1794 \u00eb Ph\u00b8p l\u00b5 m\u00e9t cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng t\u2212 s\u00b6n m\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e9ng l\u00f9c ch\u00f1 y\u00d5u. Cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00e3 \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00f1 ti\u00aau ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 phong ki\u00d5n, ph\u00b8t huy \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng to l\u00edn \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00a9u \u00a2u, th\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c8y nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc n\u00e6i d\u00cby l\u00cbt \u00ae\u00e6 ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 phong ki\u00d5n chuy\u00aan ch\u00d5 l\u00e7i th\u00eai. Nh\u2212ng v\u00d7 l\u00b5 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng t\u2212 s\u00b6n, cho n\u00aan n\u00e3 v\u00c9n duy tr\u00d7 ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 t\u2212 h\u00f7u v\u00b5 ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 b\u00e3c l\u00e9t. Th\u00f9c ch\u00cat c\u00f1a cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng ch\u00d8 l\u00b5 vi\u00d6c \u00ae\u2212a m\u00e9t nh\u00e3m ng\u2212\u00eai thu\u00e9c giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n b\u00e3c l\u00e9t n\u00b5y v\u00b5o ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n thay th\u00d5 m\u00e9t nh\u00e3m ng\u2212\u00eai thu\u00e9c giai c\u00cap phong ki\u00d5n tr\u2212\u00edc kia m\u00b5 th\u00abi. \u00a7\u00e3 ch\u00ddnh l\u00b5 \u00aei\u00d2u kh\u00b8c nhau c\u00a8n b\u00b6n gi\u00f7a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng t\u2212 s\u00b6n v\u00edi b\u00cat c\u00f8 cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00ab s\u00b6n n\u00b5o. Tr.594. 49. C\u00abng x\u00b7 Pari: Cu\u00e8i th\u00d5 k\u00fb XIX, m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n gi\u00f7a giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n v\u00edi t\u2212 s\u00b6n trong x\u00b7 h\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p ng\u00b5y c\u00b5ng tr\u00eb n\u00aan gay g\u00bet. Tr\u2212\u00edc cu\u00e9c t\u00can c\u00abng x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a qu\u00a9n \u00a7\u00f8c, Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 t\u2212 s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00c7u h\u00b5ng \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00bet nh\u2212\u00eeng cho \u00a7\u00f8c hai t\u00d8nh And\u00b8tx\u00ac v\u00b5 L\u00abren, ch\u00deu b\u00e5i th\u2212\u00eang 5 t\u00d8 phr\u00a8ng, m\u00eb \u00ae\u2212\u00eang cho l\u00ddnh \u00a7\u00f8c ti\u00d5n v\u00b5o s\u00b8t Th\u00f1 \u00ae\u00ab Pari. C\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Pari \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00f9 v\u00f2 trang v\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c b\u00e8 ph\u00dfng \u00ae\u00d3 b\u00b6o v\u00d6 th\u00b5nh ph\u00e8. Nh\u2212ng b\u00e4n t\u2212 s\u00b6n, \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u l\u00b5 t\u00aan ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng Chie, \u00ae\u00b7 ra l\u00d6nh t\u2212\u00edc v\u00f2 kh\u00dd c\u00f1a c\u00abng nh\u00a9n, gi\u00b6i gi\u00b8p c\u00b8c tuy\u00d5n ph\u00dfng th\u00f1. \u00a7i\u00d2u \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5m nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00a8m ph\u00c9n n\u00e6i d\u00cby kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca v\u00b5o ng\u00b5y 18-3-1871, \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00aeu\u00e6i giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n, th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n m\u00edi \u00eb Pari, g\u00e4i l\u00b5 C\u00abng x\u00b7 Pari - ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. Cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng n\u00a8m 1871 v\u00b5 vi\u00d6c th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp C\u00abng x\u00b7 Pari l\u00b5 cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00ab s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan thi\u00d5t l\u00cbp nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n, \u00ae\u00b8nh d\u00cau b\u2212\u00edc ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n m\u00edi c\u00f1a phong tr\u00b5o c\u00abng nh\u00a9n qu\u00e8c t\u00d5. Nh\u2212ng giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p l\u00f3c n\u00b5y ch\u2212a c\u00e3 m\u00e9t ch\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00b6ng ti\u00d2n phong l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o, ch\u2212a th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n \u00ae\u2212\u00eec li\u00aan minh c\u00abng n\u00abng v\u00b5 ch\u2212a ki\u00aan quy\u00d5t tr\u00can \u00b8p k\u00ce th\u00ef. Trong khi \u00ae\u00e3, giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p c\u00a9u k\u00d5t v\u00edi b\u00e4n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec \u00a7\u00f8c ph\u00b6n c\u00abng quy\u00d5t li\u00d6t, cho n\u00aan sau 72 ng\u00b5y t\u00e5n t\u00b9i, C\u00abng x\u00b7 Pari \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i (th\u00b8ng 5-1781). Tr. 594.","629 B\u00b6N CH\u00d8 D\u00c9N T\u00a3N NG\u00a6\u00eaI A \u00a1NGGHEN, Phri\u00aer\u00ddch (1820 - 1895): Ng\u2212\u00eai th\u00c7y v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n, ng\u2212\u00eai b\u00b9n chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau th\u00a9n thi\u00d5t c\u00f1a C.M\u00b8c. C\u00efng v\u00edi C.M\u00b8c, Ph.\u00a1ngghen \u00ae\u00b7 x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng l\u00fd lu\u00cbn ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n khoa h\u00e4c v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00cau tranh cho s\u00f9 nghi\u00d6p gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n. Ph.\u00a1ngghen kh\u00abng nh\u00f7ng l\u00b5 m\u00e9t nh\u00b5 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i, m\u00b5 c\u00dfn l\u00b5 m\u00e9t nh\u00b5 tri\u00d5t h\u00e4c, nh\u00b5 kinh t\u00d5 h\u00e4c, nh\u00b5 s\u00f6 h\u00e4c, nh\u00b5 khoa h\u00e4c t\u00f9 nhi\u00aan v\u00b5 khoa h\u00e4c qu\u00a9n s\u00f9, nh\u00b5 v\u00a8n, nh\u00b5 ng\u00abn ng\u00f7 h\u00e4c, v.v.. Ph.\u00a1ngghen \u00ae\u00b7 k\u00d5t h\u00eep s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o th\u00f9c ti\u00d4n phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00edi c\u00abng t\u00b8c l\u00fd lu\u00cbn s\u00a9u s\u00bec. Sau khi C.M\u00b8c m\u00cat, \u00abng ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c ho\u00b5n th\u00b5nh v\u00b5 xu\u00cat b\u00b6n c\u00b8c c\u00abng tr\u00d7nh l\u00fd lu\u00cbn c\u00f1a C.M\u00b8c; l\u00b5m c\u00e8 v\u00can v\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ch\u00a9u \u00a2u. Ph.\u00a1ngghen \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh kh\u00abng khoan nh\u2212\u00eeng ch\u00e8ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00ac h\u00e9i trong c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00abng nh\u00a9n, v\u00b9ch tr\u00c7n v\u00b5 ph\u00aa ph\u00b8n k\u00dech li\u00d6t nh\u00f7ng khuy\u00d5t \u00aei\u00d3m c\u00f1a nh\u00f7ng \u00ae\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00e3, gi\u00f3p c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00e3 c\u00e3 m\u00e9t ph\u2212\u00acng h\u2212\u00edng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben. B B\u00b5 TRI\u00d6U: T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 Tri\u00d6u Th\u00de Trinh, qu\u00aa \u00eb huy\u00d6n Thi\u00d6u S\u00acn, t\u00d8nh Thanh H\u00e3a. N\u00a8m 19 tu\u00e6i (n\u00a8m 248), b\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00efng anh trai l\u00b5 Tri\u00d6u Qu\u00e8c \u00a7\u00b9t l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca ch\u00e8ng qu\u00a9n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec nh\u00b5 H\u00b8n (Trung Qu\u00e8c).","630 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp Cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca l\u00b5m cho qu\u00a9n gi\u00c6c lo s\u00ee v\u00b5 t\u00d7m m\u00e4i c\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00d3 d\u00cbp t\u00bet. B\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b7 hy sinh oanh li\u00d6t trong tr\u00cbn chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau \u00eb n\u00f3i T\u00efng, x\u00b7 Tri\u00d6u L\u00e9c, huy\u00d6n H\u00cbu L\u00e9c, Thanh H\u00e3a. \u00a7\u00d5n nay, \u00eb \u00ae\u00a9y v\u00c9n c\u00dfn l\u00a8ng m\u00e9 v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d2n th\u00ea B\u00b5 Tri\u00d6u. B\u00b6O \u00a7\u00b9I (1913 - 1997): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n Ph\u00f3c V\u00dcnh Th\u00f4y (c\u00dfn c\u00e3 t\u00aan l\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n Ph\u00f3c Thi\u00d3n, t\u00f4c danh M\u00d6 V\u00f7ng), \u00abng vua cu\u00e8i c\u00efng c\u00f1a tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00d7nh phong ki\u00d5n nh\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n; l\u00aan ng\u00abi n\u00a8m 1926, tho\u00b8i v\u00de v\u00b5o th\u00b8ng 8-1945. T\u00f5 th\u00b8ng 9-1945, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh m\u00eai l\u00b5m C\u00e8 v\u00can c\u00f1a Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 l\u00a9m th\u00eai n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 C\u00e9ng h\u00dfa. Th\u00b8ng 3-1946, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 sang Tr\u00efng Kh\u00b8nh th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch ngo\u00b9i giao h\u00dfa h\u00b6o c\u00f1a Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 ta v\u00edi ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch. Sau chuy\u00d5n \u00aei n\u00b5y, B\u00b6o \u00a7\u00b9i kh\u00abng v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc m\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d5n C\u00abn Minh, r\u00e5i sang H\u00e5ng C\u00abng. N\u00a8m 1949, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u2212a v\u00d2 Vi\u00d6t Nam l\u00b5m Qu\u00e8c tr\u2212\u00ebng b\u00ef nh\u00d7n. Th\u00b8ng 10-1955, b\u00bbng \\\"tr\u2212ng c\u00c7u d\u00a9n \u00fd\\\", M\u00fc \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00d5 tru\u00cat B\u00b6o \u00a7\u00b9i v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212a Ng\u00ab \u00a7\u00d7nh Di\u00d6m l\u00aan thay. C Chu \u00a7\u00f8c (1886 - 1976): L\u00b5 nh\u00b5 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 Trung Qu\u00e8c, Nguy\u00aan so\u00b8i (1955), tham gia c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng T\u00a9n H\u00eei (1911-1913), tham gia \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Trung Qu\u00e8c (1922), t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00b5 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca Nam X\u2212\u00acng (1927), l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o V\u00b9n l\u00fd tr\u2212\u00eang chinh (1934-1936), T\u00e6ng t\u2212 l\u00d6nh H\u00e5ng qu\u00a9n C\u00abng N\u00abng (1931), T\u2212 l\u00d6nh B\u00b8t l\u00e9 qu\u00a9n (1937-1945), T\u00e6ng t\u2212 l\u00d6nh Qu\u00a9n Gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Qu\u00e8c (1945-1954). T\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1949, gi\u00f7 c\u00b8c ch\u00f8c v\u00f4 nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc. Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech \u00f1y ban Th\u2212\u00eang tr\u00f9c H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n to\u00b5n qu\u00e8c (1959-1976). D DAP\u00a4T\u00e8TXKI, Ant\u00abnin (1884 - 1957): Nh\u00b5 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng n\u00e6i ti\u00d5ng c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 Nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc Ti\u00d6p Kh\u00bec. \u00a4ng tham gia \u00a7\u00b6ng X\u00b7 h\u00e9i d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 Ti\u00d6p Kh\u00bec t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1902; gia nh\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ti\u00d6p Kh\u00bec ngay khi m\u00edi th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp (1921) v\u00b5 gi\u00f7 nhi\u00d2u tr\u00e4ng tr\u00b8ch c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng v\u00b5 Nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc: B\u00dd th\u2212 Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng (1922-1929); \u00f1y vi\u00aan B\u00e9 Ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de \u00a7\u00b6ng","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 631 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ti\u00d6p Kh\u00bec, T\u00e6ng Th\u2212 k\u00fd c\u00b8c C\u00abng \u00aeo\u00b5n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Ti\u00d6p Kh\u00bec (1929-1939); \u00f1y vi\u00aan d\u00f9 khuy\u00d5t r\u00e5i \u00f1y vi\u00aan Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Li\u00aan hi\u00d6p C\u00abng \u00aeo\u00b5n qu\u00e8c t\u00d5; Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e9i \u00ae\u00e5ng Trung \u2212\u00acng c\u00b8c C\u00abng \u00aeo\u00b5n Ti\u00d6p Kh\u00bec (1945); Ph\u00e3 Th\u00f1 t\u2212\u00edng (1948) v\u00b5 Th\u00f1 t\u2212\u00edng (1948-1953); Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech n\u2212\u00edc C\u00e9ng h\u00dfa Nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Ti\u00d6p Kh\u00bec (1953-1957). \u00a7 \u00a7\u00c6NG THAI MAI (1902 - 1984): Nh\u00b5 nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u v\u00a8n h\u00e4c, qu\u00aa l\u00b5ng L\u2212\u00acng \u00a7i\u00d2n, huy\u00d6n Thanh Ch\u2212\u00acng, Ngh\u00d6 An. Sau khi t\u00e8t nghi\u00d6p Tr\u2212\u00eang cao \u00ae\u00bcng S\u2212 ph\u00b9m \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng t\u00b9i H\u00b5 N\u00e9i, \u00abng v\u00b5o d\u00b9y h\u00e4c \u00eb Tr\u2212\u00eang Qu\u00e8c h\u00e4c Hu\u00d5, tham gia \u00a7\u00b6ng T\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t, b\u00de b\u00bet v\u00b5 b\u00de k\u00d5t \u00b8n t\u00ef treo. M\u00b7n h\u00b9n, ra H\u00b5 N\u00e9i tham gia l\u00cbp Tr\u2212\u00eang t\u2212 th\u00f4c Th\u00a8ng Long. V\u00f5a d\u00b9y h\u00e4c, v\u00f5a vi\u00d5t b\u00b8o, \u00abng l\u00b5 m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp phong tr\u00b5o truy\u00d2n b\u00b8 qu\u00e8c ng\u00f7. Sau C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m, \u00abng \u00ae\u00b7 gi\u00f7 nhi\u00d2u ch\u00f8c v\u00f4: B\u00e9 tr\u2212\u00ebng B\u00e9 Gi\u00b8o d\u00f4c Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 li\u00aan hi\u00d6p kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n (1946), Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech \u00f1y ban kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n h\u00b5nh ch\u00ddnh t\u00d8nh Thanh H\u00e3a. H\u00dfa b\u00d7nh l\u00cbp l\u00b9i (1954), \u00abng ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c \u00ae\u00b6m nhi\u00d6m nhi\u00d2u c\u2212\u00acng v\u00de quan tr\u00e4ng: Gi\u00b8m \u00ae\u00e8c \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e4c S\u2212 ph\u00b9m H\u00b5 N\u00e9i, Ch\u00f1 nhi\u00d6m khoa V\u00a8n Tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e4c T\u00e6ng h\u00eep v\u00b5 \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e4c S\u2212 ph\u00b9m, Vi\u00d6n tr\u2212\u00ebng Vi\u00d6n V\u00a8n h\u00e4c Vi\u00d6t Nam, Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e9i li\u00aan hi\u00d6p V\u00a8n h\u00e4c Ngh\u00d6 thu\u00cbt Vi\u00d6t Nam. \u00a4ng l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i t\u00f5 kh\u00e3a I \u00ae\u00d5n kh\u00e3a V. \u00a7\u00c6ng Ph\u00f3c Th\u00abng (1906 - 1951): \u00a4ng sinh t\u00b9i l\u00b5ng Th\u00e6 Kh\u00e8i, x\u00b7 C\u00f9 Kh\u00e8i, huy\u00d6n Gia L\u00a9m, t\u00d8nh B\u00bec Ninh (nay thu\u00e9c H\u00b5 N\u00e9i). Sau khi \u00ae\u00e7 T\u00f3 t\u00b5i, \u00abng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00cap h\u00e4c b\u00e6ng sang Ph\u00b8p h\u00e4c v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00e8t nghi\u00d6p c\u00b8c tr\u2212\u00eang \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e4c M\u00e1, \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e4c C\u00c7u c\u00e8ng t\u00b9i Pari. V\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc, \u00abng l\u00b5m k\u00fc s\u2212 t\u00b9i S\u00eb C\u00abng th\u2212\u00acng, \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, d\u00b9y h\u00e4c \u00eb Tr\u2212\u00eang trung h\u00e4c t\u2212 th\u00f4c Th\u00a8ng Long (H\u00b5 N\u00e9i) \u00ae\u00e5ng th\u00eai vi\u00d5t b\u00b8o Khoa h\u00e4c do m\u00e9t nh\u00e3m tr\u00dd th\u00f8c ti\u00d5n b\u00e9 s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m th\u00b5nh c\u00abng, \u00abng h\u00a8ng h\u00b8i tham gia c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c Th\u00f8 tr\u2212\u00ebng B\u00e9 Giao th\u00abng C\u00abng ch\u00ddnh trong Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 C\u00e9ng h\u00dfa. Th\u00b8ng 7-1946, \u00abng tham","632 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp gia ph\u00b8i \u00aeo\u00b5n n\u2212\u00edc ta sang d\u00f9 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Ph\u00abngten\u00acbl\u00ab (Ph\u00b8p) v\u00edi t\u2212 c\u00b8ch l\u00b5 C\u00e8 v\u00can k\u00fc thu\u00cbt. N\u00a8m 1949, \u00abng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 v\u00d2 Thanh H\u00e3a (Li\u00aan khu IV) v\u00edi nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp, \u00ae\u00e5ng th\u00eai l\u00b5m Gi\u00b8m \u00ae\u00e8c \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan Tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e4c Giao th\u00abng c\u00abng ch\u00ddnh trong kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p. \u00a4ng l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i kh\u00e3a I, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec Nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc t\u00c6ng th\u2212\u00ebng Hu\u00a9n ch\u2212\u00acng Kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n h\u00b9ng Nh\u00cat. \u00a7\u00c6NG V\u00a1N NG\u00f7 (1910 - 1967): \u00a4ng sinh t\u00b9i l\u00b5ng An C\u00f9 (ngo\u00b9i th\u00b5nh c\u00e8 \u00ae\u00ab Hu\u00d5), t\u00d8nh Th\u00f5a Thi\u00aan - Hu\u00d5. N\u00a8m 1937, t\u00e8t nghi\u00d6p b\u00b8c s\u00dc y khoa t\u00b9i Tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e4c Y khoa \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. Sau \u00ae\u00e3, l\u00b5m tr\u00ee l\u00fd cho gi\u00b8o s\u2212 b\u00b8c s\u00dc ng\u2212\u00eai Ph\u00b8p Henry Galliard - Ch\u00f1 nhi\u00d6m B\u00e9 m\u00abn K\u00fd sinh tr\u00efng Tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e4c Y khoa \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng (ti\u00d2n th\u00a9n c\u00f1a Tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e4c Y H\u00b5 N\u00e9i). N\u00a8m 1942, \u00abng l\u00b5 Tr\u2212\u00ebng Labo (ph\u00dfng th\u00dd nghi\u00d6m) K\u00fd sinh tr\u00efng v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b7 ho\u00b5n th\u00b5nh 19 c\u00abng tr\u00d7nh nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u khoa h\u00e4c n\u00e6i ti\u00d5ng. N\u00a8m 1943, \u00abng du h\u00e4c t\u00b9i Nh\u00cbt B\u00b6n. N\u00a8m 1945, \u00abng l\u00b5 H\u00e9i tr\u2212\u00ebng H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t ki\u00d2u y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc t\u00b9i Nh\u00cbt B\u00b6n. N\u00a8m 1949, \u00abng v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc tham gia kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p, l\u00b5 gi\u00b6ng vi\u00aan, Ch\u00f1 nhi\u00d6m B\u00e9 m\u00abn K\u00fd sinh tr\u00efng Tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e4c Y khoa. Trong th\u00eai gian tham gia kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p t\u00b9i chi\u00d5n khu Vi\u00d6t B\u00bec, \u00abng \u00ae\u00b7 nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u th\u00b5nh c\u00abng c\u00b8ch s\u00b6n xu\u00cat ra thu\u00e8c kh\u00b8ng sinh Penicillin, g\u00e3p ph\u00c7n r\u00cat l\u00edn trong \u00aei\u00d2u tr\u00de ch\u00e8ng nhi\u00d4m khu\u00c8n cho th\u2212\u00acng binh v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n trong kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 ch\u00e8ng M\u00fc. N\u00a8m 1955, \u00abng s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp ra Vi\u00d6n S\u00e8t r\u00d0t - K\u00fd sinh tr\u00efng v\u00b5 c\u00abn tr\u00efng Vi\u00d6t Nam, v\u00b5 l\u00b5 Vi\u00d6n tr\u2212\u00ebng \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan. Trong kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng M\u00fc, \u00abng t\u00cbp trung nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u ph\u00dfng ch\u00e8ng v\u00b5 \u00aei\u00d2u tr\u00de c\u00a8n b\u00d6nh s\u00e8t r\u00d0t t\u00b9i Vi\u00d6t Nam. Ng\u00b5y 1-4-1967, \u00abng hy sinh t\u00b9i chi\u00d5n tr\u2212\u00eang mi\u00d2n Nam khi \u00aeang nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u vi\u00d6c ch\u00e8ng b\u00d6nh s\u00e8t r\u00d0t cho c\u00b8n b\u00e9 chi\u00d5n s\u00dc ta. \u00a4ng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec truy t\u00c6ng Gi\u00b6i th\u2212\u00ebng H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh v\u00d2 y h\u00e4c. \u00a7\u00ea L\u00b8T \u00a7\u00ea T\u00b8tXINHI, J.M.G. (1889 - 1952): Th\u00e8ng ch\u00d5 Ph\u00b8p (truy phong n\u00a8m 1952), Cao \u00f1y ki\u00aam T\u00e6ng ch\u00d8 huy Qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Vi\u00d4n chinh Ph\u00b8p \u00eb \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng (1950-1952); S\u2212 \u00aeo\u00b5n tr\u2212\u00ebng; Tham m\u2212u tr\u2212\u00ebng T\u00cbp \u00aeo\u00b5n qu\u00a9n (1939-1940), T\u00e6ng ch\u00d8 huy qu\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00eb Tuynidi sau khi Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00c7u h\u00b5ng \u00a7\u00f8c. T\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1943 l\u00b5 T\u00e6ng t\u2212 l\u00d6nh qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i c\u00f1a \\\"n\u2212\u00edc Ph\u00b8p chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau\\\", t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1944 l\u00b5 Ch\u00d8 huy T\u00cbp \u00aeo\u00b5n qu\u00a9n 1","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 633 Ph\u00b8p. Thay m\u00c6t n\u2212\u00edc Ph\u00b8p k\u00fd v\u00b5o Hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc \u00a7\u00e5ng minh ti\u00d5p nh\u00cbn s\u00f9 \u00ae\u00c7u h\u00b5ng c\u00f1a ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt \u00a7\u00f8c (1945). Sau Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai, T\u00b8txinhi gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c T\u00e6ng thanh tra qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p (1945 - 1946), T\u2212 l\u00d6nh l\u00f4c qu\u00a9n kh\u00e8i T\u00a9y \u00a2u (t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1948). T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i B\u00b6o \u00a7\u00b9i \u00eb \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng v\u00b5 l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c cu\u00e9c h\u00b5nh binh l\u00edn ra v\u00efng H\u00dfa B\u00d7nh (1952), l\u00cbp ph\u00dfng tuy\u00d5n \\\"T\u00b8txinhi\\\" nh\u00bbm gi\u00b5nh ch\u00f1 \u00ae\u00e9ng chi\u00d5n l\u2212\u00eec trong chi\u00d5n tranh x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec Vi\u00d6t Nam nh\u2212ng b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i. H H\u00b5 HUY T\u00cbP (1906 - 1941): T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212 \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng (ti\u00d2n th\u00a9n c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Vi\u00d6t Nam). Qu\u00aa \u00eb l\u00b5ng Kim N\u00c6c, nay l\u00b5 x\u00b7 C\u00c8m H\u2212ng, huy\u00d6n C\u00c8m Xuy\u00aan, t\u00d8nh H\u00b5 T\u00dcnh. N\u00a8m 1923, t\u00e8t nghi\u00d6p Tr\u2212\u00eang Qu\u00e8c h\u00e4c Hu\u00d5, l\u00b5m gi\u00b8o vi\u00aan d\u00b9y h\u00e4c. N\u00a8m 1925, tham gia H\u00e9i Ph\u00f4c Vi\u00d6t sau \u00ae\u00e6i th\u00b5nh T\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t. Cu\u00e8i n\u00a8m 1928, chuy\u00d3n sang ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng trong H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan. N\u00a8m 1929, sang Li\u00aan X\u00ab h\u00e4c Tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e4c Ph\u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00abng c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. \u00a7\u00c7u 1934, H\u00b5 Huy T\u00cbp v\u00d2 Ma Cao (Trung Qu\u00e8c) tham gia Ban Ch\u00d8 huy h\u00b6i ngo\u00b9i c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng. Th\u00b8ng 3-1935, H\u00b5 Huy T\u00cbp gi\u00f7 c\u2212\u00acng v\u00de B\u00dd th\u2212 Ban Ch\u00d8 huy h\u00b6i ngo\u00b9i c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p ch\u00f1 tr\u00d7 \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e9i c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng h\u00e4p \u00eb Ma Cao, Trung Qu\u00e8c t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 27 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 31-3-1935. Th\u00b8ng 7-1936, c\u00efng v\u00edi L\u00aa H\u00e5ng Phong ch\u00f1 tr\u00d7 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat c\u00f1a Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng, quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh l\u00cbp M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00d5 r\u00e9ng r\u00b7i, sau \u00ae\u00e6i th\u00b5nh M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat d\u00a9n ch\u00f1, ch\u00e8ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt, ch\u00e8ng ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea v\u00b5 tay sai, \u00ae\u00dfi t\u00f9 do, d\u00a9n ch\u00f1, c\u00acm \u00b8o v\u00b5 h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh. T\u00b9i h\u00e9i ngh\u00de n\u00b5y, H\u00b5 Huy T\u00cbp \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212 Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. Sau h\u00e9i ngh\u00de, H\u00b5 Huy T\u00cbp tr\u00eb v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p ch\u00d8 \u00ae\u00b9o phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. \u00a7\u00d5n H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng th\u00b8ng 3-1938, Nguy\u00d4n V\u00a8n C\u00f5 gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212 \u00a7\u00b6ng, H\u00b5 Huy T\u00cbp l\u00b5 \u00f1y vi\u00aan th\u2212\u00eang v\u00f4 Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng. Ng\u00b5y 1-5-1938, b\u00de b\u00bet v\u00b5 b\u00de k\u00d5t \u00b8n t\u00ef. H\u00d5t h\u00b9n t\u00ef, \u00abng b\u00de tr\u00f4c xu\u00cat v\u00d2 qu\u00aa. Ng\u00b5y 30-3-1940, \u00abng b\u00de b\u00bet l\u00b9i v\u00b5 giam t\u00b9i Kh\u00b8m L\u00edn S\u00b5i G\u00dfn.","634 h\u00e5 ch\u00dd minh to\u00b5n t\u00cbp Ng\u00b5y 25-3-1941, \u00abng b\u00de Ph\u00b8p bu\u00e9c t\u00e9i l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai ch\u00deu tr\u00b8ch nhi\u00d6m tinh th\u00c7n v\u00d2 cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca Nam K\u00fa v\u00b5 k\u00d5t \u00b8n t\u00f6 h\u00d7nh. Ng\u00b5y 28-8-1941, \u00abng b\u00de th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p x\u00f6 b\u00ben t\u00b9i H\u00e3c M\u00abn (Gia \u00a7\u00denh). \u00a4ng l\u00b5 t\u00b8c gi\u00b6 c\u00f1a nhi\u00d2u b\u00b5i vi\u00d5t tr\u00aan t\u00ea Tranh \u00ae\u00cau (La Lutte), t\u00b8c ph\u00c8m S\u00ac th\u00b6o l\u00dech s\u00f6 phong tr\u00b5o c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng (b\u00f3t danh H\u00e5ng Th\u00d5 C\u00abng), Tr\u00e8txkit v\u00b5 ph\u00b6n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng (b\u00f3t danh Thanh H\u2212\u00acng). H\u00b5 Huy T\u00cbp l\u00b5 m\u00e9t chi\u00d5n s\u00dc c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng ki\u00aan c\u2212\u00eang, \u00ae\u00b7 hy sinh anh d\u00f2ng v\u00d7 n\u00d2n \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp, t\u00f9 do c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00cat n\u2212\u00edc, v\u00d7 l\u00fd t\u2212\u00ebng c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. HAI B\u00b5 TR\u00a6NG (Tr\u2212ng Tr\u00bec v\u00b5 Tr\u2212ng Nh\u00de): Th\u00b8ng 3 n\u00a8m 40, Hai B\u00b5 Tr\u2212ng ph\u00cat c\u00ea kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca ch\u00e8ng gi\u00c6c phong ki\u00d5n \u00a7\u00abng H\u00b8n t\u00f5 ph\u2212\u00acng B\u00bec x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec v\u00b5 th\u00e8ng tr\u00de n\u2212\u00edc ta. Phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u2212\u00eec nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n kh\u00bep n\u00aci h\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng. Ch\u00d8 trong m\u00e9t th\u00eai gian ng\u00ben, 65 huy\u00d6n th\u00b5nh, t\u00f8c l\u00b5 to\u00b5n b\u00e9 n\u2212\u00edc ta h\u00e5i \u00ae\u00e3, \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng. Tr\u2212ng Tr\u00bec \u00ae\u2212\u00eec suy t\u00abn l\u00aan l\u00b5m vua (Tr\u2212ng V\u2212\u00acng), \u00ae\u00e3ng \u00ae\u00ab \u00eb M\u00aa Linh (nay thu\u00e9c huy\u00d6n M\u00aa Linh, H\u00b5 N\u00e9i). Sau ba n\u00a8m n\u2212\u00edc ta gi\u00b5nh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp t\u00f9 ch\u00f1, n\u2212\u00edc ta b\u00de nh\u00b5 H\u00b8n \u00ae\u00ab h\u00e9. Kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca c\u00f1a Hai B\u00b5 Tr\u2212ng - cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca ch\u00e8ng qu\u00a9n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ta, \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00d3 l\u00b9i m\u00e9t trang s\u00f6 b\u00cat h\u00f1 trong cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh ch\u00e8ng x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec gi\u00b5nh quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp cho d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t s\u00f9 th\u00f8c t\u00d8nh tinh th\u00c7n d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, l\u00b5 s\u00f9 ph\u00f1 \u00ae\u00denh uy quy\u00d2n \\\"b\u00d7nh thi\u00aan h\u00b9\\\" v\u00b5 m\u2212u \u00ae\u00e5 th\u00abn t\u00ddnh, \u00ae\u00e5ng h\u00e3a c\u00f1a m\u00e9t \u00ae\u00d5 ch\u00d5 l\u00edn nh\u00cat ch\u00a9u \u00b8 \u00aeang th\u00eai k\u00fa h\u2212ng th\u00denh. H\u00ddTLE, A\u00ae\u00abnpho (1889 - 1945): C\u00c7m \u00ae\u00c7u \u00a7\u00b6ng Qu\u00e8c x\u00b7 \u00a7\u00f8c (\u00ae\u00b6ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt), Qu\u00e8c tr\u2212\u00ebng, T\u00e6ng t\u2212 l\u00d6nh c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang c\u00f1a n\u2212\u00edc \u00a7\u00f8c ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt. N\u00a8m 1920, H\u00ddtle t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c ra \u00a7\u00b6ng Qu\u00e8c x\u00b7; n\u00a8m 1933, l\u00aan c\u00c7m quy\u00d2n v\u00b5 thi\u00d5t l\u00cbp ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9c t\u00b5i kh\u00f1ng b\u00e8 \u00eb \u00a7\u00f8c (gi\u00b6i t\u00b8n c\u00b8c ch\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00b6ng v\u00b5 c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n, th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch ch\u00e8ng C\u00e9ng v\u00b5 b\u00b5i Do Th\u00b8i). Trong th\u00eai gian c\u00c7m quy\u00d2n, H\u00ddtle th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00e8i ngo\u00b9i ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng. C\u00efng v\u00edi c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt \u00eb Italia, Nh\u00cbt B\u00b6n, n\u2212\u00edc \u00a7\u00f8c ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt l\u00cbp ra tr\u00f4c B\u00d0clin - R\u00abma - T\u00abky\u00ab v\u00b5 g\u00a9y ra Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai (th\u00b8ng 9-1939). Ng\u00b5y 30-4-1945, tr\u2212\u00edc th\u00beng l\u00eei c\u00f1a Li\u00aan X\u00ab v\u00b5 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00a7\u00e5ng minh ch\u00e8ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt, H\u00ddtle \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00f9 s\u00b8t."]