Phan Đình Phùng – Cuộc đời và sự nghiệp (Chương Thâu)

["Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u - Robert v\u00e0 Bourgeois \u0111\u01b0a 60 l\u00ednh t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea1c Cu\u1ed9i H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n. - Lambert c\u00f9ng Thi\u1ebfu \u00fay Cr\u00e9non v\u00e0 Antariani \u0111em 50 l\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ebfn H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea. C\u1ea3 ba m\u0169i quan t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm, l\u1ea5y gi\u1edd G l\u00e0 21 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00eam 12- 8-1892 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng do \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, trinh s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng cho cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \u00edt, \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eb7n. Th\u1ef1c ra, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1edbi nhau h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nhanh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf th\u1ee7 ra th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo d\u00f5i, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch. \u0110\u00fang gi\u1edd G, 21 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00eam 12-8 Robert \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng 13-8 th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o. B\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, 20 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00eam 13-8 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t 16 l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng 15 t\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ean sa v\u00e0o h\u1ed1 ch\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaby ch\u1eb7t. B\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong l\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111ang d\u00e0n qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Kh\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00eam 23-8-1892, B\u00e1 h\u1ed9 Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1t th\u1ecb x\u00e3 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n nghi binh \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o ph\u1ed1 x\u00e1 g\u00e2y n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ec3 cho hai c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1 xanh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 lao H\u00e0 T\u0129nh g\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 70 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111ang b\u1ecb ch\u00fang giam gi\u1eef. B\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecbch nghe tin ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u1ecb x\u00e3 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng thu qu\u00e2n \u0111ang c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t c\u00e1c n\u01a1i r\u00fat nhanh v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ung dung v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 an to\u00e0n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 15-12-1892 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh nhau gi\u1eefa ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn Robert v\u00e0 Bourgeois \u1edf n\u00fai Qu\u1ea1t. N\u0103m 1893 Trang 50","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u Th\u00e1ng 2-1893, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i mang l\u00ednh kh\u1ed1 xanh v\u00e0 linh d\u00f5ng \u0111i c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t d\u00e3y n\u00fai Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i (V\u1ee5 Quang) v\u00e0 Tru\u00f4ng V\u1eaft. Ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn Lambert, Maricini, Hugnit. Theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ng\u00e0y 7-1-1898 De Soulages \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Khi\u00eam \u00cdch nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n g\u1eb7p l\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng v\u1eafng. Hugnit t\u1eeb Tr\u00e0ng Sim \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n ta ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf v\u00f2ng v\u00e2y quay v\u1ec1 Ho\u00e0 Duy\u1ec7t. Ng\u00e0y 23, Lambert ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Khe Ng\u1ecdt b\u1ecb ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i. C\u00f2n t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 huy Bourgeois m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 21 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i, v\u1ed9i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi Hugnit v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 6-2-1893 ch\u00fang b\u1ecb ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t 20 t\u00ean v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui. Ng\u00e0y 29-3-1893, \u0110\u1ec1 Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Bourgcois \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u0110\u1ee9c r\u1ed3i r\u00fat an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Tr\u1ea1i Ch\u00e8. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 4, \u0110\u1ec1 Th\u1eafng \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi Robert v\u00e0 Bourgeois \u1edf M\u1ef9 Du\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 4, t\u00ean Hugnit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng Gi\u00e1m binh gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f9ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n b\u00e8n xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o Tr\u1ea1i Ch\u00e8 th\u00ec Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n lu\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n Trung L\u01b0\u01a1ng, Kim Ch\u00fac \u1edf Can L\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed3n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n c\u1ee9 trong huy\u1ec7n Nghi Xu\u00e2n - Hugnit v\u1ed1i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111ang b\u1ecb uy hi\u1ebfp. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7, \u0110\u1ec1 Nam, \u0110\u1ed1c Tr\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbch d\u1eef d\u1ed9i theo chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u201c\u0111\u1ecbch \u0111i ta \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn ta \u0111i\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng l\u00fac s\u01a1 h\u1edf v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ecbch hoang mang, b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1885 \u0111\u1ebfn 1893 \u0111\u00e3 8 n\u0103m. Tr\u1ea3i qua bao gian nan, v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh, v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, khi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t. Li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1889-1890-1891-1892-1893, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n nhanh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf th\u1ee7 sang th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tr\u1eadn, c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i r\u1ea5t v\u1ebb vang. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y do tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u Trang 51","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u h\u00e0ng, th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t \u00e1p s\u00e1t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. C\u00f2n ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch, ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 l\u00f9i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong r\u1eebng. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00e1c qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Thanh H\u00f3a m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u nhau k\u00e9m d\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Cao Th\u1eafng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hao m\u00f2n thu h\u1eb9p, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n s\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u1ee9 quanh qu\u1ea9n trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh Thanh - Ngh\u1ec7 - T\u0129nh - B\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i, n\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u201cl\u1ee5c l\u00e2m th\u1ea3o kh\u1ea5u\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111em qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An. Qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t t\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbch. Thu gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An th\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu gi\u1eef c\u00e1c s\u1edf l\u1ef5 n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1ng hay l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai x\u00e1n l\u1ea1n hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ebb vang. Cao Th\u1eafng t\u1eeb c\u0103n c\u1ee9 V\u1ee5 Quang (Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i) \u0111em 1.000 binh chia l\u00e0m hai \u0111\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfn ra Ngh\u1ec7 An. Cao Th\u1eafng v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ni\u00ean ch\u1ec9 huy m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o 500 qu\u00e2n l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ti\u00ean phong. Cao N\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 huy m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o 500 qu\u00e2n l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1eadu t\u1eadp. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3n nghe tin Cao Th\u1eafng ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00fat ch\u1ea1y. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3n Nu Thanh Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, Cao Th\u1eafng chia l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh n\u00e0y Cao Th\u1eafng b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ebfu \u00fay Phi\u1ebfn b\u1eafn b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng do v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng Cao Th\u1eafng hy sinh t\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebfn. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng tan v\u1ee1. Tin Cao Th\u1eafng hy sinh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft l\u1eb7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo. Sau khi Cao Th\u1eafng hy sinh, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hao m\u00f2n, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb thu Trang 52","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u h\u1eb9p. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u cho nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n d\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ecbch d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chi\u00eau h\u00e0ng, ph\u00e1i Kh\u00e2m sai \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi l\u00fd l\u1ebd t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 khuy\u00ean Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean quan t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0ng Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft th\u00e0 ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecbch, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, b\u1ecdn Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch. PH\u1ea0M NH\u01af TH\u01a0M (1) - B\u00c0N V\u1ec0 C\u0102N C\u1ee8 \u0110\u1ecaA CU\u1ed8C KH\u1edeI NGH\u0128A H\u01af\u01a0NG KH\u00ca DO PHAN \u0110\u00ccNH PH\u00d9NG L\u00c3NH \u0110\u1ea0O Trong phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a do m\u1ed9t s\u0129 phu c\u00f3 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hay l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t (10 n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1885 \u0111\u1ebfn 1895), m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 gi\u00e1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, sau c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh 1883, 1884 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp Trung - Nam - B\u1eafc. Phong tr\u00e0o \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a xa gi\u00e1 H\u00e0m Nghi \u0111\u1ebfn S\u01a1n ph\u00f2ng Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb ra Chi\u1ebfu C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng (13-7-1885) k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ph\u00f2 vua c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i l\u00e0 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Ninh \u1edf Trung L\u1ec5 (\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd); Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Th\u00e1i (La S\u01a1n); \u0110inh V\u0103n Ch\u1ea5t \u1edf Kim Kh\u00ea (H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea); Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ea1ch, Nguy\u1ec5n Chanh \u1edf Gia Hanh (Can L\u1ed9c); Ng\u00f4 Qu\u1ea3ng, H\u00e0 V\u0103n M\u1ef9 \u1edf Nghi Xu\u00e2n; Nguy\u1ec5n Tho\u1ea1i \u1edf H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, Nguy\u1ec5n Thu\u1eadn (B\u00e1 h\u1ed9 Thu\u1eadn) \u1edf Tru\u00f4ng Xoi (Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e0); Hu\u1ef3nh B\u00e1 Xuy\u00ean (C\u1ea9m Xuy\u00ean). Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 Trang 53","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u ph\u00e1t, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ngay t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1885 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Ninh t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng n\u00fai B\u1ea1nh S\u01a1n (H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n) d\u00f9ng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, n\u0103m 1887 \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh giao quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n cho Cao Th\u1eafng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ra B\u1eafc t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhau trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i \u00f4ng c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ham \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e0 manh \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y t\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Theo l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng L\u00ea \u0110\u1ed9ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh (nay l\u00e0 x\u00e3 S\u01a1n L\u1ec5 - H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n), h\u00f4 h\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham gia \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, r\u00e8n s\u1eafm v\u0169 kh\u00ed, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap \u0111\u1ecbch l\u1ea5y v\u0169 kh\u00ed. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u201cd\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Cao Th\u1eafng, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3u 1874, ki\u1ec3u s\u00fang m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd\u201d (2) \u0111\u1ec3 trang b\u1ecb cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Qua hai n\u0103m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1889 trong doanh tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 1.000 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 500 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang\u201d (3). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n H\u00e0 T\u0129nh m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111ang tan r\u00e3 v\u00ec th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng sau vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o. V\u1edbi uy t\u00edn l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft tha c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An, Thanh H\u00f3a, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 gia nh\u1eadp, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n (Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00ec l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh). Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 tham m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ecdn v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du hai huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du Ngh\u1ec7 An - H\u00e0 T\u0129nh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh bao quanh khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00fai non hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, ph\u00eda B\u1eafc l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai Thanh H\u00f3a, Ngh\u1ec7 An; ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 d\u00e3y Thi\u00ean Nh\u1eabn \u00e1n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00ean; ph\u00eda Nam l\u00e0 d\u00e3y Tru\u00f4ng V\u1eaft ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn Trang 54","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u Ho\u00e0nh S\u01a1n; ph\u00eda T\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u00e3y n\u00fai Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p (d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00e3y Gi\u0103ng M\u00e0n). Ch\u00ednh v\u00f9ng n\u00fai n\u00e0y khi x\u01b0a c\u00e1c vua Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n s\u00e1u n\u0103m r\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c Minh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n r\u1eebng n\u00fai l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eadp trung, ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 trang b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t huy cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch, ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau hao sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch. V\u00e0 khi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfn ra Thanh H\u00f3a, H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc; Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb ph\u00eda Nam. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn t\u1eadp k\u00edch c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb 1891 \u0111\u1ebfn 1893, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn t\u1eadp k\u00edch v\u00e0o t\u1ec9nh l\u1ecb H\u00e0 T\u0129nh (8- 1892) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1893 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Lam v\u1edbi hai chi l\u01b0u l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0n Ph\u1ed1 (huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n) v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0n S\u00e2u (huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea). Khu Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 d\u00e3y n\u00fai V\u1ee5 Quang (v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1p ranh gi\u1eefa hai huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea) l\u00e0 khu trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quanh co hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf. T\u1eeb Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 ba con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o ra th\u1ecb x\u00e3 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, sang L\u00e0o, Xi\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e3y \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quanh co kh\u00fac khu\u1ef7u khi th\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00fai cao, khi l\u1ea1i men theo nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng l\u1ea7y l\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u1ea7y b\u00f9n s\u00e2u t\u1edbi b\u1ee5ng (4). Khu n\u00e0y xung quanh c\u00f3 n\u00fai cao bao b\u1ecdc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n Ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 V\u1ee5 Quang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc h\u00e0o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean bao b\u1ecdc, che tr\u1edf. T\u1ea1i khu trung t\u00e2m Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed, khu hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 khu h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean d\u00e3y n\u00fai V\u1ee5 Quang. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u1edf xung quanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t. Nh\u00ecn chung \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a theo th\u1ebf n\u00fai, s\u00f4ng, su\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, sinh ho\u1ea1t, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf d\u1ecdc theo v\u00f9ng ven n\u00fai r\u1eebng t\u1eeb V\u1ee5 Quang \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e3y Qu\u1ef3nh Kh\u00ea, Tr\u00ed Kh\u00ea d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ecbch ngay t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khu \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng c\u00f2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Tr\u00e0ng Sim, Ng\u00e0n Ph\u1ed1, S\u00f4ng C\u1ea3, H\u1ed9i Trung v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0n S\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 Trang 55","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u tr\u1ee3 cho c\u0103n c\u1ee9 trung t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, ti\u00eau hao sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch (th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Thanh th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1 h\u1ed9 Thu\u1eadn l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf Tr\u1ea1i Tr\u00ea, Di\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Cao \u0110\u1ea1t l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0m...). M\u1ed7i qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u1eed v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n V\u1ee5 Quang l\u00e0m giao th\u00f4ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 huy, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chung. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 Cao Th\u1eafng c\u00f2n cho \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du Ngh\u1ec7 An, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01a1i g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, trang b\u1ecb, ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a mua s\u1eafm v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p. \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Thanh - Ngh\u1ec7 - T\u0129nh - B\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n xung quanh v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f3c g\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u1edf qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh l\u00e0m kho d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef. \u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m. T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n V\u1ee5 Quang \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00ea, Tr\u00ed Kh\u00ea c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9 ba d\u1eb7m ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed7i h\u1ed1 chu vi t\u1edbi 30 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7i \u0111\u1ed1t cho kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00f3c xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i ng\u1ee5y trang l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed7i h\u1ed1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 xay gi\u00e3 cho ti\u1ec7n khi d\u00f9ng. _______________________________________ 1. Ph\u1ea1m Nh\u01b0 Th\u01a1m: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc. 2. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp 2, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1989, tr.75. 3. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. BNC S\u1eed \u0110\u1ecba V\u0103n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1955, t\u1eadp 1, tr.70. 4. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u0111d, tr.64. V\u0169 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n quy\u00ean g\u00f3p, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua L\u00e0o sang Xi\u00eam mua v\u1ec1 (1). X\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c trang b\u1ecb kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Trang 56","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u00e9t ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra m\u1ea5y nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t sau: 1. Vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y H\u00e0 T\u0129nh l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ed5 ra n\u0103m 1885 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng \u0110\u00f4ng Th\u00e1i huy\u1ec7n La S\u01a1n (nay l\u00e0 x\u00e3 T\u00f9ng \u1ea2nh, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd). L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1886, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ed9i th\u00eam ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Ninh t\u1ea1i B\u1ea1ch S\u01a1n (thu\u1ed9c d\u00e3y \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0m), nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 bao, n\u00ean khi c\u1ee5 Phan ra B\u1eafc, Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u do l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng sau hai n\u0103m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, thanh th\u1ebf ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh khi c\u1ee5 Phan t\u1eeb B\u1eafc tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a trong v\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. V\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. 2. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft trong kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u0169 trang n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 trong chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f3i chung c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng mang t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi n\u1ed5 ra v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nghi\u00eang h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ecbch. B\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef cung c\u1ea5p h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cTrong chi\u1ebfn tranh ai c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eadu b\u1ecb h\u01a1n, ai c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, ai ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u01a1n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\u201d (2). M\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u00f2a. \u0110\u1ecba l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh Trang 57","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ta, b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ecbch. Nh\u00e2n h\u00f2a t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 hy sinh h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tham gia kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Trong kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u0169 trang th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u bao gi\u1edd l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u0169ng y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha ta l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, n\u01a1i r\u1eebng n\u00fai hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ed9ng Khu\u1ea5t Li\u00eau c\u1ee7a L\u00fd B\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ea7m D\u1ea1 Tr\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c, r\u1eebng Lam S\u01a1n c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i... Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u0169 trang \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Khi t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u00f4ng th\u00f4n r\u1eebng n\u00fai l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\u201d (3). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa b\u1ea3ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 Cao Th\u1eafng, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, cha \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 Ba \u0110\u00ecnh, H\u00f9ng L\u00e3nh, B\u00e3i S\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ngay ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u1ea1nh, v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt th\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3m \u1edf r\u1eebng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eau hao v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u0169ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng: v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n, H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ed1n gi\u00e0u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m, ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Ba \u0110\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00ecnh V\u0103n Ch\u1ea5t, Nguy\u1ec5n Tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh, li\u00ean k\u1ebft phong tr\u00e0o kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a trong v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n Thanh H\u00f3a, Ninh B\u00ecnh, v\u00e0o Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb... V\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nguy c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat qua L\u00e0o b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. T\u1eeb nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Trang 58","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng: c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn che ch\u1edf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, ng\u0103n b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p trong su\u1ed1t g\u1ea7n 10 n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. 3. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Trong khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 theo ki\u1ec3u ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 r\u1eebng, n\u00fai, s\u00f4ng, su\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba ti\u1ec7n sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1eeba ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch, khi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e0n \u1edf khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 trong c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Trong c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb khu \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i - V\u1ee5 Quang l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i khi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i khu \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean ho\u00e0n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khu h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n. T\u1ea1i khu n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn xung quanh, ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n V\u1ee5 Quang l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 500 qu\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u00ean lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trung t\u00e2m, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf c\u0103n c\u1ee9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, n\u1ebfu \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 4. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Thanh - Ngh\u1ec7 - T\u0129nh h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n (1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu), trong l\u00fac Trang 59","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u \u0111ang kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01b0u thu\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. H\u1ecd \u0111em c\u1ea3 m\u00e2m thau, n\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh th\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n nhau c\u00e2u v\u00e8: B\u1ea3o nhau \u0111em c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ra G\u1eedi L\u00ean s\u01a1n tr\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nu\u00f4i qu\u00e2n (4) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i th\u00ec l\u00ean s\u01a1n tr\u1ea1i gi\u00fap ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n xay gi\u00e3 th\u00f3c g\u1ea1o. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 d\u00e3 man nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ch\u00fang nghi l\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng, nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn d\u00e1m cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh, che ch\u1edf cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i khi b\u1ecb c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t. V\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 tr\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0103n, \u00e1o m\u1eb7c, v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u trong c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 l\u00fac ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng sang L\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 qua Xi\u00eam, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c mua s\u1eafm v\u0169 kh\u00ed. C\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y 16-10-1895 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 Trung K\u1ef3 g\u1eedi To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u201cNh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Cao \u0110\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa Trung K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 L\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i \u1edf Xi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eadt b\u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1891 v\u00e0 1894. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 mua s\u1eafm v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf N\u00f4ng Khay, La Kh\u00f4n, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam\u201d (5). Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng anh h\u00f9ng, b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n, H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 Thanh - Ngh\u1ec7 - T\u0129nh n\u00f3i chung. 5. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a trong phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba duy nh\u1ea5t (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i Trang 60","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf c\u00f4 l\u1eadp) m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh \u1edf n\u00fai r\u1eebng H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n, H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, m\u1ed7i qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh qua nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, khi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn c\u00e0n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf d\u1edf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba. Tuy v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea v\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng n\u00fai non hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o. N\u00f3i l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ngo\u00e0i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00ec v\u1eady khi \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u bao v\u00e2y c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n th\u00ec ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tan r\u00e3. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n trong c\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u1ecfng, b\u1ecb d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i tuy ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edf nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf \u1edf quy m\u00f4 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn n\u00e0o mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 ham \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau hao, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a, ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u0169 trang th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. B\u1edfi \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o cao tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d (6). V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. V\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1893 khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Trang 61","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1 v\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111em qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu, v\u0103n th\u00e2n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa do nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng giai c\u1ea5p, v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i chung, H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea n\u00f3i ri\u00eang ch\u1ec9 r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u do nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh tham gia \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tan r\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd b\u00e1u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ph\u00e1t huy tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc sau n\u00e0y. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1995 __________________________________________ 1. Theo cu\u1ed1n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp 1, th\u00ec c\u00f4 T\u00e1m con g\u00e1i \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c mua s\u1eafm v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam v\u1ec1. 2. L\u00eanin to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 80, Nxb S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1971. tr.84. 3. V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p: Chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, Nxb S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1979, tr.215. 4. V\u00e8 quan \u0110\u00ecnh, theo \u0110\u1eb7ng Huy V\u1eadn - Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u00ecnh B\u00ecnh: Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng - Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ed1 133. Trang 62","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u 5. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1: Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 (Renseignement sur les op\u00e9rations de la colonne de police \u00e0 NgheAn \u00e9t HaTinh). C\u1ee5c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u1ed1 55, tr.286. 6. L\u00eanin: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u0169 trang. Nxb S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1966, tr.7. NG\u00d4 V\u0102N HO\u00c0 (1) - X\u01af\u1edeNG V\u0168 KH\u00cd C\u1ee6A NGH\u0128A QU\u00c2N H\u01af\u01a0NG KH\u00ca (2) \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecda x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n phong ki\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7n l\u00f2ng hy sinh d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m gi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 quan, c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed. Trong vi\u1ec7c trang b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p h\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn lao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3u 1874 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u do th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu h\u00f2ng d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y. I. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U NGU\u1ed2N T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec TRONG N\u01af\u1edaC \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf V\u1ee5 Quang v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9. Khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 V\u1ee5 Quang - Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3n lu\u1ef9, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n L\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh 5km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc v\u1edbi b\u00e3i t\u1eadp, x\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00e8n, kho l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khu \u0111\u1ed3n C\u1ed3n B\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh 18km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00f2 r\u00e8n v\u0169 kh\u00ed, h\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a v\u0169 kh\u00ed, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. Khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng, H\u1ea1 B\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n lu\u1ef9, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u00fa C\u1ed3i (Kh\u00f4i S\u01a1n), r\u00fa C\u1ecdng (\u0110i\u1ebfm S\u01a1n). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00f2 r\u00e8n v\u0169 kh\u00ed do \u00f4ng Ph\u00f3 B\u00edch l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 huy. C\u00e1c l\u00f2 r\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c khe su\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00ed m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khe Trang 63","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eadn, r\u00fa Sui, r\u00fa C\u00f4ng, r\u00fa C\u1ed3i v.v... qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n n\u00e0y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00f2 r\u00e8n X\u00e1 L\u1ec5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu l\u00f2 r\u00e8n l\u1edbn cung c\u1ea5p v\u0169 kh\u00ed cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Theo c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 l\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho bi\u1ebft th\u00ec h\u1ed3i ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2 r\u00e8n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p, t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 l\u00fac t\u1eadp trung t\u1eeb 200 \u0111\u1ebfn 300 th\u1ee3, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 gian l\u00e1n tr\u1ea1i d\u1ef1ng d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c khe su\u1ed1i quanh v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p th\u1ee3 thay phi\u00ean nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb t\u1edd m\u1edd s\u00e1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i. Khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00ea - Tr\u00ed Kh\u00ea c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i, b\u00e3i t\u1eadp, x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0169 kh\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u00fang m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebf s\u00fang m\u1edbi, mua th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p b\u00e1n cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1edbp s\u00fang. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tin c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n l\u00ednh \u0111i t\u1eeb Ngh\u1ec7 An l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3n Ph\u1ed1 Ch\u00e2u g\u1ed3m hai s\u0129 quan Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 15 l\u00ednh t\u1eadp mang theo ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u00fang, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i xuy\u00ean qua nhi\u1ec1u khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch. Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 huy m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 17 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang, hai h\u00f2m \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang m\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u1ee1 n\u00f2ng 11mm, b\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3i. Cao Th\u1eafng l\u00ean v\u00f9ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng, m\u1eddi L\u00ea Ph\u00e1c t\u1ee9c Ki\u1ec3m Ph\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 Trung L\u1ec5, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd) v\u00e0 L\u00ea Quy\u00ean (t\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ed9i Quy\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Y\u00ean H\u1ed3, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n gi\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh c\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft tr\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00f2 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00e1o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang Ph\u00e1p ra t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 r\u00e8n theo m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f3, xong l\u1eafp v\u00e0o s\u00fang b\u1eafn th\u1eed, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u1ee9 theo m\u1eabu m\u00e0 l\u00e0m, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi th\u00f4i. N\u00f2ng s\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p kim cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 u\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng s\u1eaft \u1edf b\u1ea7u n\u00f2ng cho ch\u1eafc th\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 khi b\u1eafn kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb v\u1ee1. L\u00f2 xo kim ho\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ebbo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n thay b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i g\u1ecdng \u00f4. M\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xong, Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean v\u00f9ng L\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 300 th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n c\u1ee7a hai l\u00e0ng Trung L\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 V\u00e2n Ch\u00e0ng, 30 th\u1ee3 g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9c \u1edf l\u00e0ng Xa Lang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e1ng s\u00fang v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee3 b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1n. Cao Th\u1eafng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo l\u1ed1i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea, mua ho\u1eb7c quy\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 n\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1eaft c\u0169, s\u1eaft v\u1ee5n, c\u1ea7y cu\u1ed1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111em v\u1ec1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7t li\u1ec7t h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edbt c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng Trang 64","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u \u0111ang d\u00f9ng. C\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cho bi\u1ebft Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi C\u1ed5 Khai, cha x\u1ee9 \u1edf Th\u1ecd Ninh, Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd) v\u00e0o C\u1ed3n Ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y (3). D\u00e2n l\u00e0ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t than lim l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i than c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u00f2 r\u00e8n r\u00e8n s\u00fang. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u00fang, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang theo ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, g\u1ed3m than xoan t\u00e1n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 di\u00eam ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ed3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t r\u1eebng n\u00fai qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e0o sang t\u1eadn Xi\u00eam La (t\u1ee9c Th\u00e1i Lan ng\u00e0y nay) mua thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang. Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u00ec ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn, Cao Th\u1eafng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n \u1edf v\u00f9ng Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n 350 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang ki\u1ec3u 1874, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: S\u00fang ta, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba xong \u0110em ra m\u00e0 b\u1eafn n\u1ee9c l\u00f2ng l\u1eafm thay B\u1eafn cho ti\u1ec7t gi\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y C\u1eady nhi\u1ec1u s\u00fang \u1ed1ng phen n\u00e0y h\u1ebft khoe (4). Khi Cao Th\u1eafng m\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi 29 tu\u1ed5i. Trong b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ebf ch\u1eef n\u00f4m do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecdc trong ng\u00e0y chung th\u1ea5t, C\u1ee5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n: \u201cThi\u00ean t\u00e0i to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u1edbc V\u00f5 H\u1ea7u, ch\u1ebf s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft bao ch\u1eebng c\u01a1 tr\u00ed\u201d. _______________________________________ 1. Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n H\u00f2a: Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc. 2. Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, ng\u00e0y 28-12-1995. 3. \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n L\u00e2m v\u00e0 Phan Tr\u1ecdng B\u00e1u. Cao Th\u1eafng v\u1edbi Phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ed1 9, 10-1975, tr.53. 4. V\u00e8 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nxb V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1970. II. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U NGU\u1ed2N T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U C\u1ee6A TH\u1ef0C D\u00c2N PH\u00c1P Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Trang 65","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, n\u00ean ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u0111\u1ea1i u\u00fd Ch. Gosselin trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1nh L\u2019Empire d\u2019Annam (\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c An Nam) \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u00d4ng (t\u1ee9c Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng. N.V.H ch\u00fa th\u00edch) \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo cung c\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh binh theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, trang ph\u1ee5c cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng binh l\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang ki\u1ec3u 1874, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00ed m\u1eadt t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 mang v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0i kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng binh x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan ph\u00e1o binh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a cho h\u1ecd xem ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i: l\u00f2 xo xo\u00e1y \u1ed1c t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u1ebb r\u00e3nh; h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111i kh\u00f4ng xa; tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u binh l\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u0129 quan ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u v\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9\u201d (Nxb Perrin et Cie, Paris, 1904, tr.313). G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong lu\u1eadn \u00e1n Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 qu\u1ed1c gia nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cLes contacts Franco Vietnamiens en Annam et au Tonkin de 1885 \u00e0 1896\u201d (Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac Ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf Trung v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb 1885 t\u1edbi 1896); Ch. Fourniau \u0111\u00e3 cho c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 tham gia \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u201cdoanh tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e3y nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t (nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u1edf cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1i l\u00ednh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0169 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn 30 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n\u201d. C\u0169ng to\u00e1n l\u00ednh n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng xa m\u1ed9t doanh tr\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, g\u1ed3m 12 c\u0103n nh\u00e0, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb 150 \u0111\u1ebfn 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f2 r\u00e8n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 4.000 kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n g\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i khi r\u00fat lui. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Le Normand ng\u00e0y 11-5-18951 cho bi\u1ebft l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trang b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch kh\u00ed, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o m\u00e1c, m\u00e3 t\u1ea5u v.v... ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed Trang 66","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb 1890, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1 s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, sau \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp s\u00fang, nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ec1 M\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 Ni\u00ean ch\u1ec9 huy. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh Duvillier, ng\u00e0y 17-12-18952, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Le Normand vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp: \u201cPhan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00ea \u1edf La S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o h\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 th\u1ee3 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng Daniel Chatmont... Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0169 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng m\u1edbi tr\u01b0ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n, th\u1ee3 b\u1ea1c, th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra s\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u c\u00e1c to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng v\u0169 kh\u00ed l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong nh\u1eefng kho t\u1ea1i d\u00e3y n\u00fai Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0n Ph\u1ed1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf ra nh\u1eefng quy l\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Catalane (m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea5u th\u00e9p t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gang. N.V.H ch\u00fa th\u00edch). H\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng do h\u1ecd tr\u01b0ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e2m v\u00e0 n\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea. N\u00f2ng s\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac trong n\u00fai, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1edf V\u00e2n Ch\u00e0ng. B\u00e1ng s\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u00edt v\u00e0 \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i\u201d. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n ra ch\u1ee3 Vinh \u0111\u1ec3 mua s\u1eaft, th\u00e9p, ch\u00ec, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y do em g\u00e1i Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng m\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 B\u00e0 Th\u1ecb Giang \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m (B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Bri\u00e8re ng\u00e0y 14-2-1896. Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c s\u1ed1 3. Bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u1ecfi cung L\u00ea Vang ng\u00e0y 1-10-1894). M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf l\u00f2 xo xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c l\u00e0 do t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i mang v\u00e0o. (T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft do ai g\u1eedi v\u00e0o T\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 l\u00f2 xo xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c. L\u00ea Vang khai nh\u01b0 v\u1eady). Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, c\u1ee5 Phan c\u00f2n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00edt v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Xi\u00eam. T\u1eeb 1891, Cao \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n sang Xi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Luce cho bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau: 94 Li-v\u01a1-r\u01a1 (500 gr) Xan p\u1ebft (Kali nitrat, N.V.H ch\u00fa Trang 67","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u th\u00edch), 53 t\u00fai h\u1ea1t n\u1ed5 to, 100 t\u00fai h\u1ea1t n\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf, 110 t\u00fai thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 21.000 h\u1ea1t n\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf, 30 t\u00fai h\u1ea1t n\u1ed5 to, 1 kh\u1ea9u Lefaucheux v\u00e0 66 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n, 1 s\u00fang l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 100 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n, hai s\u00fang ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 72 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n3. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Le Normand \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n 15 s\u00fang l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c 50 s\u00fang l\u1ee5c. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u0169 kh\u00ed l\u00e0 do ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Le Normand \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u0169 kh\u00ed do ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn 1895 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 1200 \u0111\u1ebfn 1300 kh\u1ea9u. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 do qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n khi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u0169 kh\u00ed do ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n kh\u1ea9u. Sau khi \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p xong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, th\u00e1ng 1- 1897 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 mang ra b\u00e1n l\u00e0m s\u1eaft v\u1ee5n nh\u1eefng v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n hai t\u1ea5n r\u01b0\u1ee1i s\u1eaft, bao g\u1ed3m: 403 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang, 328 n\u00f2ng s\u00fang, 103 s\u00fang c\u00f3 p\u00edt t\u00f4ng (fusil \u00e0 piston), 436 dao (bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n ng\u00e0y 26- 11-1897 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng s\u1ee9 10-10-18964. *** Qua nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u00ean tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3u 1874, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n kh\u1ea9u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn lao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trong tay, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u00ec ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1m lao v\u00e0o t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebfn m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ngang v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y v\u00ec b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u01b0a cho ph\u00e9p. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00e0i tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau trong vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i b\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i, v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Trang 68","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1edbi th\u1ee3 gi\u1ecfi, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1eadt x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. TH\u00c1I KIM \u0110\u1ec8NH (1) - CHI\u1ebeN KHU V\u1ee4 QUANG TH\u1edcI C\u1ea6N V\u01af\u01a0NG Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh Thanh - Ngh\u1ec7 - T\u0129nh - B\u00ecnh cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, Cao Th\u1eafng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 huy, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn oanh li\u1ec7t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m (1885-1895) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng vang l\u1edbn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng sinh n\u0103m \u0110inh M\u00f9i (1847 - \u201c\u0110\u0103ng khoa l\u1ee5c\u201d ch\u00e9p n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p Th\u00ecn, 1844), qu\u00ea l\u00e0ng \u0110\u00f4ng Th\u00e1i, x\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t Y\u00ean H\u1ea1, nay l\u00e0 x\u00e3 T\u00f9ng \u1ea2nh, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd, trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh khoa b\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ed7 C\u1eed nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec7 khoa B\u00ednh T\u00fd (1876) r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed7 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0110\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean khoa \u0110inh S\u1eedu (1877), \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 ra l\u00e0m Tri ph\u1ee7 Y\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh (Ninh B\u00ecnh), r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ebf, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4 s\u00e1t. V\u00ec ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf vua D\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c, ngay gi\u1eefa tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, li\u1ec1n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o ng\u1ee5c C\u1ea9m Y, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau (1884), \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Tham bi\u1ec7n S\u01a1n ph\u00f2ng H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. Th\u00e1ng 9-1885, kinh th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, vua H\u00e0m Nghi xu\u1ea5t b\u00f4n, ra S\u01a1n ph\u00f2ng Ph\u00fa Gia (H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea), h\u1ea1 Chi\u1ebfu C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u0129 phu l\u00ean b\u00e1i m\u1ea1ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m T\u00e1n l\u00fd Qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00d4ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea, d\u1ef1ng c\u1edd kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. Nh\u01b0ng sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1ed3 \u1ea1t t\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n \u0110\u00f4ng Th\u00e1i, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n thua to, ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat l\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u00fai H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 Ph\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, n\u0103m 1886, Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n do \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u1ebfn gia nh\u1eadp. Cao Th\u1eafng l\u00e0 con Cao Qu\u1ef3, qu\u00ea g\u1ed1c x\u00e3 Ph\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng (S\u01a1n Ph\u00fac b\u00e2y gi\u1edd) sau d\u1eddi sang \u1edf x\u00f3m Nh\u00e0 N\u00e0ng th\u00f4n Y\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c, x\u00e3 Tu\u1ea7n L\u1ec5, nay l\u00e0 x\u00e3 S\u01a1n L\u1ec5, huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n. \u00d4ng sinh n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p T\u00fd (1863), l\u00fac nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u, r\u1ed3i \u0111i theo l\u00e0m li\u00ean l\u1ea1c cho \u0110\u1ed9i L\u1ef1u (Tr\u1ea7n Trang 69","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u Quang C\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng) trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Gi\u00e1p Tu\u1ea5t (1874). Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a C\u1edd V\u00e0ng b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft, \u0110\u1ed9i L\u1ef1u b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o th\u1ee5 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadt (anh ru\u1ed9t Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng) che ch\u1edf \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1885, \u00f4ng Thu\u1eadt m\u1ea5t, m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, cha m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb Qu\u1ea3n Loan vu cho gi\u1ebft v\u1ee3 h\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd Cao. \u00d4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam \u1edf nh\u00e0 lao H\u00e0 T\u0129nh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11-1885 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n L\u00ea Ninh v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 th\u00e0nh, c\u1ee9u tho\u00e1t. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Tu\u1ea7n L\u1ec5, c\u00f9ng em l\u00e0 Cao N\u1eefu v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ki\u1ec3u chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, r\u1ed3i gia nh\u1eadp qu\u00e2n C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra Cao Th\u1eafng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u00ed, phong ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1, ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. N\u0103m 1887, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng trao quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy cho \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ra B\u1eafc li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. L\u00fac n\u00e0y qu\u00e2n C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Trung K\u1ef3 m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi d\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ebb t\u1ebb trong t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n h\u1eb9p. Cao Th\u1eafng b\u1ecf Ph\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng (v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ho\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd) r\u00fat v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf C\u1ed3n Ch\u00f9a (nay thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c x\u00e3 S\u01a1n L\u00e2m, S\u01a1n Giang, H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n) d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ebf r\u1eebng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u00d4ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n lu\u1ef9 \u1edf C\u1eeda Vua, c\u1ed3n Tr\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3n, H\u1ed1 \u0110\u1eadp, B\u1eb1ng C\u1eeda C\u1ed5ng (nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 S\u01a1n L\u1ec5), ch\u1ed1t gi\u1eef con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tru\u00f4ng M\u00e8n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khu trung t\u00e2m C\u1ed3n Ch\u00f9a. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft b\u00e3i t\u1eadp Tr\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ed3n R\u00e8n khe C\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ed3n Khe Su, \u0111\u1ed3n r\u00fa Ro\u1ecdc B\u1ea1ch S\u01a1n, nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 S\u01a1n Ninh) tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tru\u00f4ng Tr\u1ea3y... C\u0103n c\u1ee9 C\u1ed3n Ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p, \u1edf s\u00e2u trong n\u00fai, c\u00e1ch ly v\u1edbi d\u00e2n, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Hai n\u0103m sau, 1898, Cao Th\u1eafng chuy\u1ec3n sang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng - H\u1ea1 B\u1ed3ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c x\u00e3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng, H\u1ea1 B\u1ed3ng, L\u00ea \u0110\u1ed9ng, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Du\u1ec7, Y\u00ean Du\u1ec7, thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng, huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4n L\u00e2m Thao, Ho\u00e0 Duy\u1ec7t thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea (nay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed3ng, \u0110\u1ee9c L\u0129nh, \u0110\u1ee9c H\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Li\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ee9c Giang, huy\u1ec7n V\u0169 Quang). C\u0103n c\u1ee9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng - H\u1ea1 B\u1ed3ng n\u1eb1m b\u00ean t\u1ea3 ng\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n S\u00e2u, l\u01b0ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n, ph\u00eda B\u1eafc th\u00f4ng sang n\u00fai \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0m, Trang 70","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u n\u00fai Thi\u00ean Nh\u1eabn, ra Ngh\u1ec7 An, Thanh H\u00f3a. Ph\u00eda Nam qua b\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 r\u1eebng n\u00fai V\u1ee5 Quang m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u01a1n v\u00e0o Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 sang L\u00e0o. Ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi La S\u01a1n (\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd), Can L\u1ed9c, Nghi Xu\u00e2n, v\u00e0o Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e0, C\u1ea9m Xuy\u00ean, K\u1ef3 Anh... C\u0103n c\u1ee9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng - H\u1ea1 B\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i, l\u00f2 r\u00e8n, kho t\u00e0ng li\u00ean ho\u00e0n, thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o. Ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p C\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf H\u1ea1 B\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Linh C\u1ea3m l\u00ean. Ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Du\u1ec7. B\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u00fdnh \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef m\u1eb7t Nam. Qua s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n S\u00e2u, \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00f2i sang Tr\u1ea1i C\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3n C\u01a1n Kh\u1ebf c\u1ee7a anh em Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ea1ch, Nguy\u1ec5n Chanh tr\u00ean d\u00e3y Tr\u00e0 S\u01a1n... H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i t\u1eeb B\u1eafc ch\u00ed Nam khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u t\u00edch. \u0110\u1ed3n \u0110\u1ea1i Long tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0110\u1ea1i Long (nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00f3m Quang Th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ee9c L\u0129nh) c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ed3n M\u1eabu S\u0129 \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, Khe K\u1ebdm \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m trong s\u01a1n h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0m. \u0110\u1ed3n Ch\u00e1y (nay c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn ra ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n, b\u00e3i t\u1eadp, kho l\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3n M\u0169i Son (nay c\u00f2n t\u00ean g\u1ecdi M\u0169i Son), c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3n Ch\u00e1y 20km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Nam, c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i Long t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y li\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb B\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng Nam, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau. Theo \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec \u1edf x\u00f3m H\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ed1, x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ee9c H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ee5 Phan \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf nh\u00e0 c\u1ed1 Quy\u1ebfn, (sau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, nh\u00e0 c\u1ed1 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n th\u1eddi \u1ea5y) v\u00e0 \u1edf x\u00f3m Li\u00ean Trung (Tr\u1ea1i Tr\u1eeda) x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ee9c Li\u00ean x\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ed3n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ede Ch\u1ecd Nh\u1ee3n (?) x\u00f3m Cao Phong (\u0110\u1ee9c L\u0129nh) v\u00e0 \u1edf Nh\u00e0 Nho sau \u0111\u1ed9ng L\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u00e0u (\u0110\u1ee9c Li\u00ean) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f2n t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u t\u00edch b\u00e3i t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m l\u00f2 r\u00e8n v\u0169 kh\u00ed. C\u1ee5m l\u00f2 r\u00e8n \u1edf r\u00fa C\u1ed3i (Kh\u00f4i S\u01a1n), r\u00fa C\u1ecdng (\u0110i\u1ebfm S\u01a1n), r\u00fa Sui, khe Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eadn... c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u1ee3 do \u00f4ng Ph\u00f3 B\u00edch l\u00e0m Hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3n, ch\u1ec9 huy. C\u1ee5m l\u00f2 r\u00e8n \u1edf M\u00f2 O l\u00e0ng L\u00ea \u0110\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1ch r\u00fa C\u1ed3i, r\u00fa C\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm l\u00e0 khu l\u00f2 r\u00e8n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 gian l\u00e1n tr\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 200-300 th\u1ee3 thay nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam. Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u0110\u1ed3 H\u1ed1 l\u00e0ng H\u00f2a Duy\u1ec7t (\u0110\u1ee9c Li\u00ean) b\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n S\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u1edf Khe T\u1ee7, M\u0169i \u0110\u1ed3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u00f2 r\u00e8n. Nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 r\u00e8n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u0169 kh\u00ed cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n trong Trang 71","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u v\u00f9ng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9i Quy\u00ean (t\u1ee9c L\u00ea Quy\u00ean \u1edf Y\u00ean H\u1ed3), L\u00ea Ph\u00e1c, Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3u s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng 1874 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 \u1edf Minh Lang (nay l\u00e0 Trung L\u01b0\u01a1ng) c\u00f2n k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1 \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ed3ng g\u00e1nh l\u00f2 b\u1ec3, b\u00faa \u0111e l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0n tham gia ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7n r\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y \u1edf b\u1ebfn Linh C\u1ea3m tr\u1ed9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang T\u00e2y n\u1ed9p cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u00e0m m\u1eabu, chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed1 \u0110\u0129 Thu\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ec1 Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang... \u1edf Uy Vi\u1ec5n (Nghi Xu\u00e2n) ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1eb7ng Duy Truy \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn n\u0103m anh em, con ch\u00e1u l\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tham gia ch\u1ebf s\u00fang... M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u00e8 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u1edf Trung L\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n trong x\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e1c N\u0103m \u0110en\u201d tham gia \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3n L\u1ee5c (ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ed3n n\u00e0o): \u201c... Nghe \u1edf b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3n L\u1ee5c - L\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c N\u0103m \u0110en - C\u1eed ch\u1ed9 (th\u1ea5y) \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e8ng ph\u00e8ng - \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac xong ch\u01b0a h\u1ea3? - \u2026Th\u00f4i ra \u0111e, ra b\u00faa - Ch\u00fa em m\u00f4 \u0111i l\u00e0m h\u1ea1t n\u1ed5 - S\u1eafp s\u1eb5n c\u00e1i bao li\u1ec1u - Ch\u00fa n\u1eefa mau tay mau - G\u1ecdt lanh c\u00e1i b\u1eb9ng (b\u00e1ng) s\u00fang - Mai m\u1ed1t tha h\u1ed3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng - S\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Cao Th\u1eafng ch\u1ebf ra - S\u00fang b\u1eafn g\u1ea7n b\u1eafn xa - C\u00f9ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ta - Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam r\u00e8n \u0111\u1eadp...\u201d. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n l\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed3n r\u00e8n Cao Th\u1eafng c\u00f2n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c kho th\u00f3c, kho mu\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i, trong v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai V\u1ee5 Quang, ph\u00f2ng khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng: \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i trong r\u1eebng, ch\u1eb7t g\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1t, l\u00e0m cho l\u00f2ng h\u1ed1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 g\u1ea1ch nung, qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e1t v\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00f3c, mu\u1ed1i xu\u1ed1ng, l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i che k\u00edn. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chu\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y (1889), d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a Cao Th\u1eafng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 1.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trang b\u1ecb kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o, s\u00fang n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u00fang ki\u1ec3u T\u00e2y 1874, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 tinh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong ba huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n, H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n h\u1eb9p, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau: Ng\u00f4 Qu\u1ea3ng \u1edf Nghi Xu\u00e2n; Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Chanh \u1edf Can L\u1ed9c; Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thu\u1eadn \u1edf Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e0; Ho\u00e0ng B\u00e1 Xuy\u00ean \u1edf C\u1ea9m Xuy\u00ean; V\u00f5 Ph\u00e1t \u1edf K\u1ef3 Anh... \u1ede Thanh H\u00f3a, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Ba \u0110\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh tan, T\u1ed1ng Duy T\u00e2n v\u00e0 C\u1ea7m B\u00e1 Th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ede Ngh\u1ec7 An, sau khi Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n \u00d4n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, phong tr\u00e0o l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n nh\u1ecf v\u1eabn ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1edd th\u1eddi c\u01a1. C\u00f2n \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ee5, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ed. Trang 72","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 uy t\u00edn quy t\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i, t\u1ea1o c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n m\u1edbi cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Cao Th\u1eafng c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra B\u1eafc tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u1ee5 Phan v\u00e0 m\u1eddi C\u1ee5 v\u1ec1. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tin, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh Thanh - Ngh\u1ec7 - T\u0129nh - B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n, ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. ______________________________________ 1. Th\u00e1i Kim \u0110\u1ec9nh: Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed - V\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. C\u1ee5 Phan v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng th\u00e1ng 9-1889. Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u00e3, C\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng L\u00ea H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i x\u00f3m C\u00f4ng; \u00f4ng Ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u01b0 k\u00fd, v\u1eeba h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc cho C\u1ee5. Hi\u1ec7n \u1edf R\u00fa Nh\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u t\u00edch \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o c\u1ee5 Phan\u201d. V\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a T\u00e1n l\u00fd Qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u0103n c\u1ee9 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chia l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0m 15 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 (Thanh H\u00f3a: 1; Ngh\u1ec7 An: 2; Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh: 2; H\u00e0 T\u0129nh: 10). M\u1ed7i qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9, t\u00f9y theo s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u \u00edt m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t L\u00e3nh binh ch\u1ec9 huy. Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c Ch\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec7, ch\u1ec9 huy l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh, d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 c\u1eed v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a binh kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 khi c\u1ea7n, chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i khu trung t\u00e2m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf r\u00fa C\u1ed3i, r\u00fa C\u1ecdng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c g\u1ed3m 300 qu\u00e2n tinh nhu\u1ec7 do Cao Th\u1eafng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 huy. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o, s\u00fang h\u1ecfa mai, s\u00fang T\u00e2y ki\u1ec3u 1874 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, \u0103n m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u00e0u \u0111en ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u, th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng xanh, \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00f3n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecf; t\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u1ea9m b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecf. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam minh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee5 Phan c\u00f3 20 v\u1ec7 binh t\u00fac tr\u1ef1c do t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 huy. V\u1ec1 sau, \u0110\u1ea1i \u00fay Ph\u00e1p Gosselin vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00e9 ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng hay Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7t s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, t\u1eadp r\u00e8n qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh theo nh\u01b0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 binh ph\u00e1p Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh m\u1eb7c y ph\u1ee5c gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u00ednh t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ta, l\u1ea1i mang s\u00fang l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u 1874 do \u00f4ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft...\u201d (\u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c An Nam\u201d (L\u2019 Empire d\u2019Annam), trang 313). C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, trong h\u01a1n hai n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1889 \u0111\u1ebfn 1891, phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, m\u1ea1nh. M\u1edf m\u00e0n, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Trang 73","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf Tr\u00e0ng L\u01b0u (Can L\u1ed9c), N\u1ea7m (H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n), Linh C\u1ea3m (La S\u01a1n) v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u 6-1890... Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch di\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Trung L\u1ec5, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf Nam Hu\u00e2n (Can L\u1ed9c), b\u1ebb g\u00e3y tr\u1eadn c\u00e0n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o Tru\u00f4ng V\u1eaft (H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea) v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1890 \u0111\u1ea7u 1891. \u1ede Ngh\u1ec7 An c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u00e0n, C\u01a1n Chanh (Anh S\u01a1n) ... Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch bao v\u00e2y, o \u00e9p r\u1ea5t d\u1eef. N\u0103m 1891, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i d\u1eddi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u00ean v\u00f9ng H\u00f3i Tr\u00f9ng, H\u00f3i Tr\u00ed. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 H\u00f3i Tr\u00f9ng, H\u00f3i Tr\u00ed n\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng - H\u1ea1 B\u1ed3ng, b\u00ean kia c\u1eeda R\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i. H\u00f3i Tr\u00f9ng (Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00ea) , H\u00f3i Tr\u00ed (Tr\u00ed Kh\u00ea) l\u00e0 hai con khe l\u1edbn trong v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng ng\u00e0n V\u1ee5 Quang, v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m khe su\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i, tr\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb Kh\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ed1ng K\u1ebb C\u1ed3, K\u1ebb V\u1ea1n, K\u1ebb M\u1ecdn, K\u1ebb Qu\u00e1nh, nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ba x\u00e3 H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1i, H\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh, H\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee9, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e8 nh\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba danh v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y: \u201cNh\u00e2n khi thong th\u1ea3 c\u1eafm tr\u00e0o (s\u00e0o), Nh\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh ta k\u1ec3 C\u1eeda R\u00e0o m\u00e0 l\u00ean. N\u00e0o ai bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean, C\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u1ee5c V\u1ecdng b\u00ecnh y\u00ean trong l\u00f2ng. N\u00e0o ai l\u1ee1 b\u00ean ch\u00eanh d\u00f2ng, K\u1ebb M\u00e2n, K\u1ebb Qu\u00e1nh ng\u00e0n tr\u00f9ng xi\u1ebft bao. Nom l\u00ean K\u1ebb D\u1ee5n, K\u1ebb L\u00e0o, N\u00e0o ai kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i nao Tr\u00ed, Tr\u00f9ng. K\u1ebb C\u1ed3, K\u1ebb N\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng, \u0110an Trai, Kh\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1edbi Tu\u1ea7n L\u00e8n x\u00e2y...\u201d Trong khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng - H\u1ea1 B\u1ed3ng, Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n kho t\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n, n\u00ean l\u00fac d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec b\u1eaft tay ngay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i, b\u00e3i t\u1eadp, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n... \u0110\u1ed3n C\u01a1n Tr\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed3n \u0110\u1ed9ng Cao, kho T\u1ea1m H\u00f3i... Nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i: L\u00f2 R\u00e8n, C\u1ed3n V\u0103n th\u01b0, V\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee5 Phan... M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd v\u1ec1 \u201cAn to\u00e0n khu II\u201d th\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft: \u201cBan Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong r\u1eebng, \u0111\u00ean g\u1ea7n H\u00f3i Tr\u00ed. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y anh em c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u0169: n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0, v\u01b0\u1eddn ch\u00e8, b\u00e3i t\u1eadp..., anh em c\u00f2n nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng, Trang 74","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u s\u00fang k\u00edp h\u1ecfng, m\u1ea3nh b\u00e1t v\u1ee1... c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n x\u01b0a\u201d (\u201cM\u1ed9t th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean\u201d, t\u1eadp 1, tr.27). Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u1eabn kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u0103n c\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o n\u01a1i s\u01a1 h\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 9-1891, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0n l\u00ean Tru\u00f4ng V\u1eaft (gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e0 v\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea) su\u1ed1t 15 ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng thu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec, \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 4- 1892, ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i c\u00e0n l\u00ean H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ecdc v\u00e0o Tr\u00e0ng Sim (x\u00e3 S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd). M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e0, Can L\u1ed9c, C\u1ea9m Xuy\u00ean, K\u1ef3 Anh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf Voi... Gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 8-1892, Gi\u00e1m binh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh Lambert c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Haguet, Faucher, Robert, Bourgeois, Cr\u00e9nont, Maricini \u0111\u01b0a kho\u1ea3ng 200 l\u00ednh chia l\u00e0m ba c\u00e1nh, m\u1edf tr\u1eadn c\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 H\u00f3i Tr\u00f9ng - H\u00f3i Tr\u00ed. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 5 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 9-8, \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00ean Tr\u1ea1i Ch\u00e8 (H\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed9c, Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e0) \u0111\u1ec3 nghi binh, c\u1ea7m ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n Th\u1ea1ch th\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng Kh\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1i); \u0111\u00eam 12 r\u1ea1ng 13- 8, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o H\u00f3i Tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Robert t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1n ti\u00eau, b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t 18 t\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng 15 t\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y. Khi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n, H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea \u0111ang ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e0n, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y 23- 8, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng khi \u0111\u1ecbch s\u01a1 h\u1edf, \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n Th\u1ea1ch th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o t\u1ec9nh l\u1ecb H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i l\u00ednh kh\u1ed1 xanh, ph\u00e1 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho 70 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i r\u00fat lui an to\u00e0n ... Lambert \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin, v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn c\u00e0n l\u1edbn, d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u00e3m trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1893, Cao Th\u1eafng xin v\u1edbi c\u1ee5 Phan cho \u0111\u00e1nh t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang, khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean Ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft t\u1eeb 1891, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Cao Th\u1eafng ch\u1ec9 huy 1.000 qu\u00e2n tinh nhu\u1ec7, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 11- 1893. \u201c... Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1edd m\u1edf - Tr\u0103m th\u1ea7y ngh\u00ecn t\u1edb - Xu\u00f4i Vinh \u0111\u00e1nh T\u00e2y - \u0110\u00e1nh n\u0103m b\u1ea3y tr\u1eadn r\u00e0y - H\u1eefu th\u1eafng h\u1eefu b\u1ea1i - Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m trung \u00e1i \u2013 H\u1ebft ngh\u0129a theo th\u1ea7y\u201d (V\u00e8). Nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u1eadn t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3n Nu (nay \u1edf x\u00e3 Thanh Xu\u00e2n, Thanh Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng), Cao Th\u1eafng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng. Ngh\u0129a Trang 75","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2m l\u1ecbch (21-11-1893). L\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 30 tu\u1ed5i C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i ba, c\u1ee5 Phan \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, l\u00e0m c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f3c \u00f4ng: - \u201cH\u1eefu ch\u00ed ph\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh, anh h\u00f9ng d\u0129 h\u0129! V\u1ecb ti\u1ec7p ti\u00ean t\u1eed, thi\u00ean \u00fd v\u1ecb h\u00e0?\u201d (C\u00f3 ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh, anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t; Ch\u01b0a th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, \u00fd tr\u1eddi ra sao?) - \u201cC\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh, k\u00edch ti\u1ebfp th\u1ec7 t\u1ea3o thanh qu\u1ed1c t\u1eb7c S\u1ef1 nan d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u, c\u1ee9 y\u00ean kim d\u0129 thi\u1ec3u t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n\u201d (C\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp n\u00ean, g\u00f5 m\u00e1i (ch\u00e8o) n\u1eb7ng th\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb gi\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4n t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00ean y\u00ean (ng\u1ef1a) nay th\u1ea5y v\u1eafng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y). C\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i sai \u00f4ng V\u00f5 Ph\u00e1t l\u00e0m b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ebf \u00f4ng. M\u1ed9 Cao Th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mai t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng C\u01a1n M\u00edt, l\u00e0ng Kh\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cM\u1ed9 quan Ch\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, quan t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn kho\u00e9t r\u1ed7ng ru\u1ed9t, sau khi ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n san b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u00f9ng m\u1ed9 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, \u1edf x\u00f3m 2, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1i, b\u00ean m\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Cao Th\u1eafng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, phong tr\u00e0o suy y\u1ebfu d\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1894, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eddi b\u1ea3n doanh l\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 V\u1ee5 Quang g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t - L\u00e0o, nay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110i\u1ec1n, V\u0169 Quang. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh V\u1ee5 Quang, t\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh L\u00f9, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Th\u00e0nh L\u00f9, gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng s\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i. N\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e0nh\u201d, k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u00e1ch n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cao ch\u1eebng 30 m\u00e9t, c\u00f3 hai \u201cc\u1ed5ng\u201d ra v\u00e0o, \u201cc\u1ed5ng\u201d \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ed5ng\u201d ch\u00ednh, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 hai t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m v\u1ecdng g\u00e1c. Khe Sa Vanh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y quanh, \u00f4m l\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 hai con h\u00e0o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng H\u00e0 T\u0129nh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3: \u201c... Ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 khe V\u00e1ch c\u00f3 Trang 76","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ef1c th\u00e1c (v\u1ef1c Th\u00e0nh, v\u1ef1c C\u01a1n Da, th\u00e1c C\u01a1n \u1ed4i...). \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 d\u1eaby n\u00fai c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cd\u00e3y T\u00e2y Th\u00e0nh\u201d l\u00e0m b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh. H\u1eadu th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u00fai Gi\u0103ng M\u00e0n, d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 khe R\u00e0o R\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea3y \u00f4m l\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p khe V\u00e1ch (R\u00e0o V\u1ef1c) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i...\u201d. Th\u00e0nh V\u1ee5 Quang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i trong v\u00f9ng. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n L\u00e0ng Trong c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh 5km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc v\u1edbi b\u00e3i t\u1eadp, x\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00e8n, kho l\u01b0\u01a1ng... \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp Khe C\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh 9 km \u1edf b\u1edd Nam s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i. Khu \u0111\u1ed3n C\u1ed3n B\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh 18 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00f2 r\u00e8n, h\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, b\u00e3i t\u1eadp... nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft. Tuy v\u1eady, l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3n binh \u1edf Xu\u00e2n Tr\u00ec (S\u01a1n An), Ch\u1ee3 B\u1ed9ng (\u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed3ng) o \u00e9p nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n hai t\u1ed5ng Y\u00ean \u1ea4p, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1ch ly d\u00e2n v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n, t\u1ed5ng l\u00fd Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n g\u00f3p g\u1ea1o, mu\u1ed1i, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf... nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e2n C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb v\u00e2y ch\u1eb7t trong n\u00fai. Th\u00e1ng 5-1894, To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p De Lanessan v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng. Th\u01b0 do b\u00e0 ch\u1ecb ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan l\u00e0 Phan Th\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 C\u1eed nh\u00e2n L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb9 Gi\u1ea3i nguy\u00ean L\u00ea V\u0103n Hu\u00e2n \u1edf Trung L\u1ec5, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft sau khi c\u1ee5 Phan kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, giam t\u1ea1i lao Ngh\u1ec7 An, b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng Vi\u1ec7n C\u01a1 m\u1eadt Hu\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng duy\u1ec7t y, n\u00ean b\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 giam \u1edf lao H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ee3 Tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t H\u00e2n m\u1eddi v\u00e0o dinh, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i t\u1eed t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cc\u1ee5 Tu\u1ea7n\u201d ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec7n. \u00d4ng ta trao cho b\u00e0 ba phong th\u01b0 (m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n De Lanessan, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, Tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh): \u201cPhi\u1ec1n b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean trao t\u1eadn tay c\u1ee5 \u0110\u00ecnh\u201d v\u00e0 h\u1ee9a \u201cN\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd xin tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. L\u00e2u ng\u00e0y xa c\u00e1ch, mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng em n\u00ean b\u00e0 vui v\u1ebb nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t to\u00e1n l\u00ednh c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00f5ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 lao, r\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0 l\u00ean C\u1eeda R\u00e0o. C\u1ee5 Phan \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3n, \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1n tr\u1ea1i. B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i \u1edf l\u1ea1i V\u1ee5 Quang ba ng\u00e0y tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng em, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecb em l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t nhau. - C\u1eadu ra hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, ch\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m b\u00e0n. C\u00f2n ch\u1ecb th\u00ec ch\u1ecb v\u1ec1, k\u1ebbo h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecb h\u00e3i. Trang 77","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u - T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ra, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e1p ngay th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft ch\u1ecb, c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0 th\u01b0. Nay t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m vi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng, ch\u1ecb mang v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i v\u1ec1, l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 lao cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1895 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi b\u00e0 Ngo\u00e9c R\u1eebng. B\u00e0 theo c\u1ee5 Phan l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn khu t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi c\u1ee5 Phan m\u1ea5t m\u1edbi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea. D\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng xong, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 V\u1ee5 Quang - Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i. B\u1ecb uy hi\u1ebfp r\u00e1t, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eddi b\u1ea3n doanh sang n\u00fai \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0m, r\u1ed3i sang r\u00fa Qu\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10-1894, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1m y\u00ean, m\u1edbi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i V\u1ee5 Quang. Bi\u1ebft qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ch\u00f3ng hay ch\u1ea7y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00ean, c\u1ee5 Phan h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e0y s\u1eb5n tr\u1eadn \u201cSa nang \u00fang th\u1ee7y\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n s\u0129 \u0111\u1eafp con \u0111\u1eadp ch\u1eafn ngang d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i h\u1ed3 \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, ch\u1eb7t tre, n\u1ee9a, g\u1ed7 th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u1ee5y trang kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ee5c binh hai b\u00ean khe n\u00fai. Qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y 26-10-1894 (c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00e9p 30-10-1894), qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1ed3 \u1ea1t k\u00e9o l\u00ean s\u1ee5c s\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu l\u00e1n tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n h\u1ebft. Khi v\u1eeba xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai, ch\u00fang g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n v\u1eeba b\u1eafn v\u1eeba ch\u1ea1y, li\u1ec1n \u0111u\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng. To\u00e1n qu\u00e2n kia b\u0103ng qua con su\u1ed1i c\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa hai tri\u1ec1n n\u00fai, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea5p b\u1eafn. Qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u00e0o xu\u1ed1ng l\u1ed9i qua khe th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1o n\u1ed5, \u0111\u1eadp b\u1ecb ph\u00e1, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c, k\u00e9o theo tre n\u1ee9a, g\u1ed7, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, la h\u00e9t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t, b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i, tre g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ee9a n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddn l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edd th\u00ec b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n mai ph\u1ee5c b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft... Trong tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ba s\u0129 quan Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u00ednh ng\u1ee5y, thu 50 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang. S\u00e1ch \u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u00e0 T\u0129nh\u201d ghi ch\u00fa: \u201cTheo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf th\u00e1c C\u00e0 T\u1ecf l\u00e0 th\u00e1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 Quang, g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh V\u1ee5 Quang\u201d. Sau khi th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn, c\u1ee5 Phan l\u00e0m ba b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cC\u1ea3m t\u00e1c\u201d. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i th\u1ee9 hai: \u201cS\u01a1n c\u00e1t cao h\u1ec1 th\u1ee7y c\u00e1i thanh, M\u1ed7i \u01b0 m\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec3n anh linh. B\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng huy\u1ec1n th\u1eadm, H\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1o kh\u00ea ti\u1ec1n d\u0129 th\u1ea5t kinh?\u201d Trang 78","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u C\u1ee5 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eefu D\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch: Non r\u1ea5t cao m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t xanh, N\u01b0\u1edbc non linh hi\u1ec3n gi\u00fap cho m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u00ean \u00edt b\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf Sao \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u khe \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea3ng kinh? Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng V\u1ee5 Quang c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng vang l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m n\u1ee9c l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh ch\u1edbp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc tr\u1edf v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft h\u1eb3n. \u1ede H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt ra kh\u1ecfi c\u0103n c\u1ee9, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean V\u1ee5 Quang. Qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p r\u1ea3nh tay, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed7 \u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, v\u0169 kh\u00ed thi\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. D\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng v\u1eabn m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m t\u1ecfa, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n; qu\u00e2n s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng suy y\u1ebfu. Th\u00e1ng 8-1895, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf l\u1ea1i sai Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a 3.000 qu\u00e2n ra H\u00e0 T\u0129nh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e2y ch\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn khu V\u1ee5 Quang, c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t l\u00f9ng b\u1eaft cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 Phan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft phong tr\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1895, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee5c s\u1ea1o. Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28-12-1895, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, ho\u1eb7c ra \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00fa, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean sang Xi\u00eam l\u00e0m \u0103n ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tham gia c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn oanh li\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 10 n\u0103m (1885-1895) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Thanh - Ngh\u1ec7 - T\u0129nh - B\u00ecnh do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, Cao Th\u1eafng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Chi\u1ebfn khu V\u1ee5 Quang (n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 huy\u1ec7n V\u0169 Quang ng\u00e0y nay) sau b\u1ea3y n\u0103m (1889-1895) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ecba danh V\u1ee5 Quang v\u1eabn g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u1ed3ng L\u0129nh, s\u1ed1 26, 2005 Trang 79","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u PH\u1ea0M B\u00cdCH H\u1eb0NG (1) - PH\u1ea0M QUANG TRUNG (2) CHI\u1ebeN TH\u1eaeNG V\u1ee4 QUANG TRONG CU\u1ed8C KH\u1edeI NGH\u0128A PHAN \u0110\u00ccNH PH\u00d9NG (3) N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX th\u00ec chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng V\u1ee5 Quang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng oanh li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng V\u1ee5 Quang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i thao l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng V\u1ee5 Quang, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung - B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. V\u00f9ng n\u00fai V\u1ee5 Quang - n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng - ng\u00e0y nay thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. Theo nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia n\u00fai V\u1ee5 Quang thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 L\u1ea1c Bi\u00ean: \u201cPh\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng n\u00fai (Gi\u0103ng M\u00e0n) l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Xi\u00eam, ph\u00eda T\u00e2y s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng sang ph\u1ee7 L\u1ea1c Bi\u00ean, ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u00fai V\u1ee5 Th\u1ea5p\u201d (4). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu: s\u01a1n m\u1ea1ch li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t khu\u1ea5t kh\u00fac, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i tr\u00e1i n\u00fai c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khe su\u1ed1i, hai b\u00ean b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 lau s\u1eady m\u1ecdc l\u00ean cao qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00fai V\u1ee5 Quang thu\u1ed9c H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng binh nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ba con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o: th\u00f4ng sang L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Xi\u00eam (Th\u00e1i Lan ng\u00e0y nay), ra t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t qua n\u00fai \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0m (5). Vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf hai t\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u00e0 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. \u1ede Ngh\u1ec7 An c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n \u00d4n (ph\u1ee7 Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u), V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00fac M\u1eadu (Nam \u0110\u00e0n) , Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u00ednh (Thanh Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng)... \u1ede H\u00e0 T\u0129nh c\u00f3 L\u00ea Ninh, Phan C\u00e1t T\u01b0u, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1ea5p... H\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u00f4ng Th\u00e1i, Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ef3nh, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Giao, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ea1t, Cao N\u1eefu... c\u0169ng tham gia kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ngay t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1 h\u1ed9 Trang 80","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u Thu\u1eadn \u1edf Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e0, c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ea1ch, Nguy\u1ec5n Chanh \u1edf Can L\u1ed9c, Hu\u1ef3nh B\u00e1 Xuy\u00ean \u1edf C\u1ea9m Xuy\u00ean... Phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1 r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u song v\u1eabn \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Nh\u00ecn chung h\u1ecd m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n nh\u1ecf, l\u1ebb t\u1ebb v\u00e0 l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ngay t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng m\u00ecnh n\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 tan r\u00e3. Phong tr\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn. Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u1ea5y, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u0111i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 (1888) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 quanh qu\u1ea9n \u1edf trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai, nay y\u00ean th\u00ec \u1edf n\u00fai n\u00e0y, mai \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i sang r\u1eebng kia, r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd C\u1ee5 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch cho b\u1ec1n th\u1ebf gi\u1eef \u0111\u00e3, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh sau\u201d (6). Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn d\u00e3y n\u00fai V\u1ee5 Quang l\u00e0m n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i. Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf t\u1eebng n\u01a1i, \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Theo cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1nh vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o Trinh Nh\u1ea5t: ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n chia khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra l\u00e0m 15 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9, qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 \u1edf huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kh\u00ea th\u1ee9, \u1edf huy\u1ec7n Can L\u1ed9c l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Can th\u1ee9... T\u00f9y theo t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ed7i qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb 100 \u0111\u1ebfn 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n V\u1ee5 Quang l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 500 tay s\u00fang gi\u1ecfi (7). T\u1eeb V\u1ee5 Quang t\u1edbi Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00ea, Tr\u00ed Kh\u00ea, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a theo th\u1ebf n\u00fai v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, khe su\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, n\u00ean qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f3c g\u1ea1o cho qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y. Th\u00f3c g\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 chi d\u00f9ng, c\u00f2n th\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n V\u1ee5 Trang 81","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u Quang (8). T\u1eeb V\u1ee5 Quang \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fai Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00ea, Tr\u00ed Kh\u00ea c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch ba d\u1eb7m ho\u1eb7c n\u0103m d\u1eb7m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a th\u00f3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 xay gi\u00e3 do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 thanh th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u00f9ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea nh\u01b0ng phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f2n lan r\u1ed9ng ra b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Ngh\u1ec7 An, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Cao Th\u1eafng, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng, theo ki\u1ec3u s\u00fang Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 s\u01a1 nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, binh l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf V\u1ee5 Quang l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n tinh nhu\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t (9), l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u1edf Trung - B\u1eafc K\u1ef3. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c, v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, ch\u00fang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch bao v\u00e2y, ch\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n tr\u00e0n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng. Gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n: v\u1eeba t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u1eeba ra s\u1ee9c d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng, ly gi\u00e1n gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1edbi 20 \u0111\u1ed3n, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 30 l\u00ednh (10). Ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e2m m\u01b0u d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 l\u00ednh t\u1eadp, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ednh kh\u1ed1 xanh \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh ng\u00e0y 11-2-1886 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Warnet v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 6-8- 1886 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n Paul Bert \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ng\u1ee5y binh kh\u1ed1 xanh (11). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 huy Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 lo s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn binh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cao nh\u1ea5t h\u00f2ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Trong su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, g\u00e2y cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t. Trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u1edf d\u00e3y n\u00fai Trang 82","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u V\u1ee5 Quang ng\u00e0y 26-10-1894 l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o. Do bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbch s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 huy ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 lim, gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng b\u00e8 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y qua d\u00e3y n\u00fai V\u1ee5 Quang, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1eaby n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eb7c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf V\u1ee5 Quang, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng. Ng\u00e0y 26-10-1894 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n; ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng n\u00fai kh\u00e1c. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh di\u1ec5n ra theo \u0111\u00fang d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng: \u00f4ng cho m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea5t c\u1edd, khi\u00eau chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch. Sau khi hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh nhau \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n d\u00f9ng k\u1ebf nghi binh, gi\u1ea3 thua r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi s\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 Quang - n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch. Ch\u1edd khi qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c v\u00ec hi\u1ebfu th\u1eafng, h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5 \u0111u\u1ed5i theo ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ra \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng ra l\u1ec7nh cho binh l\u00ednh ph\u00e1 k\u00e8 \u1edf tr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n cho g\u1ed7 theo n\u01b0\u1edbc lao v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi qu\u00e2n mai ph\u1ee5c \u1edf hai b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t n\u1ed5 s\u00fang, khi\u1ebfn cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t \u1edf gi\u1eefa... Qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n. Trong tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba vi\u00ean quan v\u00f5 Ph\u00e1p, h\u01a1n 100 l\u00ednh, thu 50 s\u00fang v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n trang, qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng (12). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng V\u1ee5 Quang l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng oanh li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea trong su\u1ed1t 11 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ebb g\u00e3y \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o V\u1ee5 Quang \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m cho chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm v\u00e0 bao v\u00e2y tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ec5u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt tinh vi h\u01a1n. Trang 83","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u Tr\u1eadn V\u1ee5 Quang k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i d\u00f9ng binh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt v\u1edbi di\u1ec7u k\u1ebf \u201cSa nang \u00fang th\u1ee7y\u201d c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng V\u1ee5 Quang c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh trong phong tr\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 non y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng V\u1ee5 Quang v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n m\u1edbi cho phong tr\u00e0o ... Do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn li\u00ean ho\u00e0n, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf khi \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh phong t\u1ecfa bao v\u00e2y ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n th\u00ec phong tr\u00e0o y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn tan r\u00e3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng V\u1ee5 Quang, do t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng vang l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. ____________________________________________ 1. Ph\u1ea1m B\u00edch H\u1eb1ng: C\u1eed nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc. 2. Ph\u1ea1m Quang Trung: Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc. 3. Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, ng\u00e0y 28-12-1995. 4. V\u1ee5 Th\u1ea5p nay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m V\u1ee5 Quang. D\u1eabn theo \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, t\u1eadp 2, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1970, tr.134-135. 5, 6. Theo \u0110\u00e0o Trinh Nh\u1ea5t: Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng..., s\u0111d, tr.129; tr.128,131. 7. Theo \u0110\u00e0o Trinh Nh\u1ea5t: Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng\u2026, s\u0111d, tr.128, 131. 8. Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u: Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n th\u00e2n 1885-1896, T\u1eadp san V\u0103n S\u1eed \u0110\u1ecba, 10-1958, Trang 84","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u tr.13. 9. Theo \u0110\u00e0o Trinh Nh\u1ea5t: Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng\u2026, s\u0111d: m\u1ed7i qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9n trong qu\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ra hai ch\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c ba ch\u1ee5c t\u00ean ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n n\u00fai V\u1ee5 Quang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n t\u00fac tr\u1ef1c (tr.131). 10, 11. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb V\u0103n S\u1eed \u0110\u1ecba, 1957, tr.137, 138. 12. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u0111d, tr.157. B\u00d9I THI\u1ebeT (1) - PHONG TR\u00c0O C\u1ea6N V\u01af\u01a0NG CH\u1ed0NG PH\u00c1P \u1ede H\u00c0 T\u0128NH: B\u1ea2N CH\u1ea4T - T\u01af LI\u1ec6U \u2013 NH\u1eeeNG NH\u1eacN TH\u1ee8C M\u1edaI I Sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Cao Th\u1eafng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10-1893 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau c\u01a1n b\u1ea1o b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28- 12-1895 t\u1ea1i r\u00fa Qu\u1ea1t trong chi\u1ebfn khu V\u1ee5 Quang, th\u00ec phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd ngh\u0129a C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng - l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o - t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c coi nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o chung c\u1ee5c th\u1ea3m b\u1ea1i; s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p 10 n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p oanh li\u1ec7t t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 trong \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n th\u00f9. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai H\u00e0 T\u0129nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh tang t\u00f3c, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c truy qu\u00e9t, nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t m\u00e1u x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7t t\u1eebng g\u00e2y ra cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00e0 non s\u00f4ng H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf V\u1ee5 Quang, b\u00fat m\u1ef1c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1858 tr\u1edf \u0111i, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 qua t\u1eebng trang vi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f9y th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau; chung quy l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 chi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hy sinh cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c; v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00eda nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Trang 85","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc - v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi sau 1945-1954, th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thanh th\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy t\u00f4n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c t\u1eeb hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh cho n\u00f3; b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1u coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra b\u1edfi ph\u00eda ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p khi h\u1ecd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng n\u00e0y. Trong Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef th\u00ec kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a bao h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Insurrection hay r\u00e9volte, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ai \u0111\u00f3 (ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9...), n\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n hay ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea5u xa th\u00ec s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, h\u1ee3p quy lu\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf hay ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u2013 Revolution; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n hay ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1ea5y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00ean \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khai h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch man r\u1ee3! N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, th\u00ec phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 R\u00e9sistance, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00e1ch \u00e1p b\u1ee9c n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c vi\u1ec5n chinh, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c tr\u1ecb v\u00ec h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Thanh - Ngh\u1ec7 - T\u0129nh v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u00e2n v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng trong k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Nam, b\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang c\u1ed1 r\u00ecnh ng\u00f3 v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng hay danh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i. V\u1eady th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c vi\u1ec5n chinh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u01b0a thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a Trang 86","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a binh C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn d\u00f9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1edf thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a bao h\u00e0m hai ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau. C\u00f2n thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m, d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ph\u00eda c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p sau khi \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a - n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n - n\u1ed5i d\u1eady... V\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f4i x\u1ea5u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nhu\u1ed1m quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n hay b\u1ecb kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i tung h\u00f4 l\u00ean s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a g\u00e1n cho phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p l\u1eaby l\u1eebng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong m\u1eaft h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ra Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i to l\u1edbn \u1edf V\u1ee5 Quang nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn! Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 1945-1954, khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb), v\u1eabn theo khu\u00f4n s\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nguy\u00ean xi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u1eabn t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady - kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ebfn cao h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean s\u1eed cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng s\u1eed, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb sau 1945-1954 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u ghi \u0111\u1eadm KH\u1edeI NGH\u0128A V\u1ee4 QUANG - \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u1ea5y V\u1ee5 Quang l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9. T\u00ednh hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a (n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n, ...) v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp Trang 87","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd ngh\u0129a C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111en c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i! Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i xin cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c l\u00ean bia \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n bia b\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef, d\u1ef1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng tr\u00ean c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 V\u1ee5 Quang (nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 Kim Quang, huy\u1ec7n V\u1ee5 Quang, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh), t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1n ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn khu V\u1ee5 Quang. B\u00e0i v\u0103n bia, nghe n\u00f3i l\u00e0 do GS. \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n L\u00e2m so\u1ea1n; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean v\u0103n bia thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 KH\u1edeI NGH\u0128A, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 INSURRECTION. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0103n bia n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi GS. \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n L\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c KH\u00c1NG CHI\u1ebeN? Con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn cha \u00f4ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tai h\u1ea1i v\u00ec con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng m\u00ecnh! N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u201cbi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t\u201d th\u00e0nh kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p to hay nh\u1ecf k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1858 \u0111\u1ebfn 1945 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u201ckh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a\u201d nh\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con ch\u00e1u v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean c\u1ed5 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta! V\u00ed nh\u01b0 phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 do Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf k\u00fd H\u00e0ng \u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2ng ba t\u1ec9nh Nam B\u1ed9 cho Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1862, sao l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o \u201ckh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a\u201d? V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1883, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Ba \u0110\u00ecnh (Thanh H\u00f3a), cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Y\u00ean Th\u1ebf (B\u1eafc Giang) do Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch oan u\u1ed5ng! Ngay c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a th\u00e1ng 8-1945 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y? Trang 88","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1858 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1954, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 danh ch\u00ednh \u201ckh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\u201d s\u1ebd n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh cho n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a - n\u1ed5i d\u1eady - ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n ... song b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u201ckh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201ckh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a\u201d, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong \u0111\u1ecbnh danh s\u1ebd mang theo nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn tai h\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho ri\u00eang ai, m\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, cho nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. _____________________________________________ 1. B\u00f9i Thi\u1ebft: Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n h\u00f3a, B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a - Th\u00f4ng tin. II Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a - n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n; cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ec7n minh cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a - n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n V\u1ee5 Quang ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, ngay t\u1eeb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o (1885-1895) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn 1896; nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 mang n\u1eb7ng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eb1m r\u0103n \u0111e nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 V\u1ee5 Quang hay b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y; c\u0169ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u khi kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c; nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn b\u1ecb xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a V\u1ee5 Quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c mu\u1ed1n noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u1ee5 Quang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ed3 nghi t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n V\u1ee5 Quang do t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1i sai c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh Trang 89","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n cho V\u1ee5 Quang, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd mu\u1ed9n v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y xin n\u00eau m\u1ed9t d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m n\u0103m 1913, do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p: theo c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tin v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00ec Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb L\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 18-3-1913; ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f2n ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh thi th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ghi l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00ed m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Y\u00ean Th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 30 n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh phong tr\u00e0o Y\u00ean Th\u1ebf, r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0ng ra uy hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o, r\u1eb1ng Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec b\u1ecb h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec n\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n r\u00fat lui, r\u1eb1ng Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 trong nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft gi\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111au y\u1ebfu ... \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tung tin th\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7t, khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ebf c\u1ee5c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh. V\u1ee5 Quang t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 - ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, nhanh ch\u00f3ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u - th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n V\u1ee5 Quang tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1945- 1954 mang t\u00ednh hai m\u1eb7t, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n V\u1ee5 Quang ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n V\u1ee5 Quang theo ki\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n mang t\u00ednh r\u0103n \u0111e h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhai l\u1ea1i - c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a s\u1eed h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khi\u00ean c\u01b0\u1ee1ng; b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u1ee9 t\u00e1c v\u1eeba n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n do ph\u00eda ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o s\u1eb5n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi sau 1945-1954, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, tuy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 V\u1ee5 Quang nh\u00ecn chung l\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 quan Trang 90","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n V\u1ee5 Quang, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn h\u01a1n t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung, c\u00f2n \u0111i s\u00e2u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u1ebd c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng - V\u1ee5 Quang c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb 1945-1954 \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Trong khi x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169, gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ngo\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u0169 cung c\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1955-1956 khi v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc, khoa L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ban L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh v\u00e0 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh... \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n hay ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 V\u1ee5 Quang. Trong v\u00f2ng 50 n\u0103m qua, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay nh\u00f3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7t Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n V\u1ee5 Quang l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i - chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u0169ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u00e3 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 V\u1ee5 Quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh n\u00f3i chung; h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n th\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi v\u0129nh bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eebng n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch v\u0103n th\u00e2n - C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea kh\u00e1c nhau... V\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai ghi l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o thu th\u1eadp, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3! T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb mai m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ed5i. Gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 trong v\u00f2ng 50 n\u0103m qua, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 V\u1ee5 Quang, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n... th\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u00edt ra c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng 50-100 lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 160 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y sinh Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng (1847-2007), vi\u1ec7c t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t sinh ho\u1ea1t khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 V\u1ee5 Quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c, \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n V\u1ee5 Quang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t minh h\u1ecda cho truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00ed kh\u00ed qu\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta. Trang 91","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u 10 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i H\u00e0 T\u0129nh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 5 n\u0103m, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 260 x\u00e3, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, ph\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 T\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n H\u00e0 T\u0129nh (s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2000) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi vua H\u00e0m Nghi ban b\u1ed1 D\u1ee5 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng (n\u0103m 1885) cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, khi tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p xong phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ec1 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp - h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng - x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc; nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb d\u0103m ba n\u0103m nay l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u00edt \u1ecfi v\u00e0 l\u1ebb t\u1ebb, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0102N H\u00d3A H\u00c0 T\u0128NH - c\u01a1 quan ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Hy v\u1ecdng V\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u00e0 T\u0129nh c\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 trong tay nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eefng Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, ngo\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y: - Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng: Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, Cao Th\u1eafng, b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy \u1edf V\u1ee5 Quang v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a 8 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 \u1edf 8 huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00edt trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n - h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1ec1 t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd l\u1edbn ch\u00e1u ch\u1eaft t\u1eeb 3-5 \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng - c\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 theo c\u1ee5 Phan ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p ra sao? Nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1u ch\u1eaft l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n, nhi\u1ec1u gia ph\u1ea3 c\u00f2n ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng ngh\u0129a C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ly t\u00e1n b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c h\u1ea1i do tham gia C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Quang \u1edf l\u00e0ng T\u0103ng Ph\u00fa (nay l\u00e0 th\u00f4n Ng\u0169 Qu\u1ebf, x\u00e3 C\u1ea9m V\u1ecbnh, huy\u1ec7n C\u1ea9m Xuy\u00ean, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh) v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i c\u1ee5 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng ba th\u00e1ng trong nh\u00e0, khi c\u1ee5 Phan c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00e1 B\u1ea1c (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00f4n Ng\u1ee5 L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00e1 B\u1ea1c, t\u1ed5ng M\u1ef9 Du\u1ec7, nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 K\u1ebb G\u1ed7) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecdn V\u1ee5 Quang l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i; sau khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p xong qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 C\u1ea9m Xuy\u00ean - Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e0, gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Quang bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf l\u00e0ng, 5 anh em trai nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Quang c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u1ed1n l\u00ean K\u1ebb Da (nay l\u00e0 B\u1ed9c Nguy\u00ean, x\u00e3 C\u1ea9m Th\u1ea1ch, C\u1ea9m Trang 92","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u Xuy\u00ean, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh) sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 may m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea sau b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Quang nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1c thu th\u1eadp, nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n dung m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy \u1edf V\u1ee5 Quang m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n binh s\u0129 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ng\u1ecdn s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 h\u1ed3n, nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ecdng s\u00fang qu\u00e2n th\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eed s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bia \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0o t\u1ea1c danh h\u1ecd... nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eafn nh\u1ee7 cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf, r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng li\u1ec7t s\u0129 - chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc non n\u00e0y! Qua s\u1eed s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi co c\u1ee5m v\u00e0o V\u1ee5 Quang; nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng V\u1ee5 Quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy t\u1ee5 b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf t\u1eebng l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfn binh tr\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi v\u00f9ng, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi V\u1ee5 Quang kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1 h\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 160 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y sinh Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea trong ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, l\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch h\u1ecd t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p; m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi r\u00f5 t\u00ean h\u1ecd, qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c... \u0111\u00e3 tham gia phong tr\u00e0o; th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua khai b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u00f4ng - c\u1ee5 tham gia, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ch\u00e1u ch\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, qua gia ph\u1ea3 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n nh\u1edb r\u00f5 \u00f4ng - c\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m g\u00ec thu\u1edf b\u00ecnh sinh? Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00f4i, tuy ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ea5p g\u00e1p \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 - t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng; Danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi t\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m bia \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Bia \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111anh t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1ng ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 v\u00e0o Chi\u1ebfn khu V\u1ee5 Quang, hay m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trang tr\u1ecdng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y; m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i, h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng h\u1ea3 d\u1ea1 v\u00ec con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n ngh\u0129a cho ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n; h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c qu\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tuy t\u1eebng ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebft bao \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd cam ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7? Trang 93","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u - V\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng: Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y, ph\u00eda Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 cho c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt \u1ecfi v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u t\u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n s\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh nh\u01b0 V\u1ee5 Quang, Ng\u00e0n Tr\u01b0\u01a1i, H\u00f3i Tr\u00f9ng, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n Trung L\u1ec5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a 8 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9,... c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1885-1895, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qua t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ea7n \u1ea5y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n! Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n thua k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o, v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 khuy\u00ean k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu ch\u1edf c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd! T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ec1 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u Vi\u1ec7t Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t H\u00e0 T\u0129nh hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0: C\u0103n c\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ed3n l\u0169y, c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1, b\u00e3i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 - ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan... \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda ta v\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ecbch, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 l\u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay m\u1ed9t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u00e3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed9n. C\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng \u0111i t\u00edch - ph\u1ebf t\u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hoang ph\u1ebf. Theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c giao th\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 b\u1ed9, \u1edf g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u0169 trang th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u00e3i t\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u00e3i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1885-1886-1887 c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t H\u00e0 T\u0129nh \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 8 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 \u1edf 8 huy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e0; v\u1ec1 sau khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p Trang 94","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n 8 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n d\u1ed3n l\u00ean V\u1ee5 Quang, th\u00ec c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ee5 Quang. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao v\u00e2y V\u1ee5 Quang, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbp x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean danh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, coi nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ma tr\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea H\u00e0 T\u0129nh v\u00e0o hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng - v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u00f3p m\u00e9o, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y trung th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua. Vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 anh d\u0169ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean vai c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1; nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft song ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y; tuy \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed9n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 may v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng cho nh\u1eefng ai th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111ang \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc! III T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y - \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1c v\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bi\u00ean ni\u00ean hay l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y V\u1ee5 Trang 95","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u Quang l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m cho m\u1ecdi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo t\u1eebng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m hay \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, theo \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh nh\u01b0 sau: 1. Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec ai ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 120 n\u0103m, khi vua H\u00e0m Nghi ban b\u1ed1 D\u1ee5 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1eebng tham gia \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb 1858-1885, ch\u1ecbu qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 nghe theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u201cc\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng (1858), \u0111\u00e1nh S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (1859), \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ba t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam K\u1ef3 (1862), th\u00f4n t\u00ednh n\u1ed1t ba t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Nam K\u1ef3 (1874) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00e0ng \u01b0\u1edbc Harmand (1883) bu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia cho th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n bu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ri\u00eang \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh, sau khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf c\u1eaft to\u00e0n Nam K\u1ef3 cho Ph\u00e1p (1874) s\u0129 phu, v\u0103n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y s\u00e1t t\u1ea3, m\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn do Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ea5n - \u0110\u1eb7ng Nh\u01b0 Mai kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00eau r\u00f5 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p - tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng - th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m tay sai cho Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t trong ba th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, n\u00f3i chi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 ba, m\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ba th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh hay li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi nhau. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf c\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a s\u0129 phu v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u00e3 man nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb 1858-1885 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cay \u0111\u1eafng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 cay \u0111\u1eafng ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta b\u00e2y gi\u1edd! V\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c binh bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Hu\u1ebf ng\u00e0y 23-5 \u1ea4t D\u1eadu (1885) bu\u1ed9c H\u00e0m Nghi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfn r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf, ra T\u00e2n S\u1edf (Cam L\u1ed9, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb) r\u1ed3i ra S\u01a1n ph\u00f2ng (H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh) v\u00e0 ban Trang 96","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u b\u1ed1 D\u1ee5 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd ngh\u0129a C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ea1c cho d\u00f9 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0o! T\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf \u0111i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945, m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb sau v\u1ee5 Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p (9-3-1945) l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn ph\u00e1t x\u00edt Nh\u1eadt. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m qua c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u00f3i l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00e2u nay ch\u00fang ta quen n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng cha \u00f4ng ta th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. 2. V\u1edbi s\u1ee5 h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u00edch c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y, cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1858 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1edfi H\u00e0ng \u01b0\u1edbc 1883; chi\u1ebfm 1\/4 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 (ri\u00eang Trung B\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng v\u00e0 Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean \u2013 Hu\u1ebf), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i cho ph\u00eda l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc; v\u00e0 v\u1edbi H\u00e0ng \u01b0\u1edbc 1883, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p hy v\u1ecdng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf H\u00e0m Nghi, cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1edd C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu n\u1ea1p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tham gia, b\u1edfi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u1ecb, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 s\u01a1 t\u00e1n v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 D\u1ee5 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf H\u00e0m Nghi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecda Trang 97","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1eefng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u1ee5 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o s\u1eb5n khi H\u00e0m Nghi ra T\u00e2n S\u1edf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i T\u00e2n S\u1edf v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 \u1ea4t D\u1eadu (13-7-1885); nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ban b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t D\u1ee5 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c thi h\u00e0nh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khi H\u00e0m Nghi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf S\u01a1n ph\u00f2ng (H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh) v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c v\u0103n th\u00e2n s\u0129 phu C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9-1885; t\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, Phan Quang C\u01b0, Phan Kh\u1eafc H\u00f2a, Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Phong, Ng\u1ee5y Kh\u1eafc Ki\u1ec1u, Phan Tr\u1ecdng M\u01b0u... v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n th\u00e2n C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u00e0m Nghi \u0111\u00e3 phong cho Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng l\u00e0m T\u00e1n l\u00fd qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5, th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a binh C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng trong to\u00e0n c\u00f5i Trung K\u1ef3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd ngh\u0129a C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n H\u00e0 T\u0129nh l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t Trung K\u1ef3 - n\u01a1i m\u00e0 tr\u00ean danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t do Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00f2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i quy\u1ec1n h\u1edd kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n th\u00e2n t\u1eeb S\u01a1n ph\u00f2ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngay qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a binh - trang b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 H\u00e0m Nghi v\u00e0 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng. M\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t, anh d\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. V\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t H\u00e0 T\u0129nh x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t t\u00edch c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (V\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1858-1945, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 1858- 1885, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai t\u1eeb 1885-1930 v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba t\u1eeb 1930-1945, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang tuy m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p - ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c), \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Trang 98","Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba t\u1eeb 1930-1945 thu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. V\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp H\u00e0 T\u0129nh v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 M\u00ea Linh (nay thu\u1ed9c H\u00e0 T\u00e2y) th\u1eddi Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng; N\u00fai N\u01b0a (nay thu\u1ed9c Thanh H\u00f3a) th\u1eddi B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u; R\u00fa \u0110\u1ee5n (Ngh\u1ec7 An) th\u1eddi Mai Th\u00fac Loan, Th\u0103ng Long c\u00e1c th\u1eddi L\u00fd - Tr\u1ea7n, Lam S\u01a1n (Thanh H\u00f3a) th\u1eddi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i . 3. Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng, r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1885, t\u1eeb khi H\u00e0m Nghi xu\u1ea5t b\u00f4n cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p T\u1ebft B\u00ednh Tu\u1ea5t (1886) c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a binh C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean ch\u1ebf theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p: tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 do Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh, c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 \u1edf c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n, ri\u00eang \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh c\u00f3 8 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n binh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a binh t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p theo l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m l\u00e0ng x\u00e3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ngh\u0129a binh c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 - t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3, c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a binh C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 d\u00e2n binh t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ebfu gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i g\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c giao th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ngh\u0129a binh C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 r\u00e8n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9c, t\u1ef1 trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 lo l\u1ea5y h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. Gia ph\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh c\u00f2n ghi l\u1ea1i hay truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u v\u1ec1 danh t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd m\u00ecnh theo C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee5c tr\u00e1ng \u0111inh tham gia, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u00edt th\u00ec c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trang 99"]