)KosiapT aa yupenaoHiie koaxo3hoi-o CTpoa. rioaojKHTeabHhie repoH bthx poMaHOB HeH3Memio npoTHBOcronT aoAupnu h pyTHHepaM. Pe3Kaa koh- ipaCTHOCTb b OTHOIU6BHKrepoes K Tpyay II co3iiaeT xapaKrepiivio ocoGen- HOCTbHX oCpa3Hofi CHcreMbi. Bucokiih, OAyxoTBopeHHbiB nuTAHaoii TBop-iecKofl mucamo KCKarean TpyaoBofi noflBiir onpeaeaaeT HOBue THiiHsccKHe acpTbi noxoinHT&abHoro repoa. co3Aamioro xa3axcKoS npo30ii b nocaeuociiHbiH nepHOA. Ha stom ocHonunaorca b Ka3axcKofl npo3e npiiHuan Tnnn3aiiHH noAOKHTeAbHoro repoa ksk HCKaTeaa, aeAOBeKa, OccnpeeraHHO muyiuero hobux nyieS k AOCTBweiiKio TpyAOBbix ycnexoB. rioaroMy aah poniaHOB Ka3axcKHx npo- saHKOB o TpyAe Tax xapaKTepHU no33Ha ncKaimB, poMaHTHtecKoe Haaa- ao, ycTpeMjieiiHocTb b 6yAyiu.ee, KacaeTca ah sto opomeHHa nycTUHH, BbipaiuauaiiHa ypo*aa hah nocTpofiKH weAe3Hofl noporn. AKTHBHOe OTHOUleHHe K 3KH3HH OTAKHaet 06pa3bl repOCB, C03AaHHbie Ka3axcKHMii npo3a«KaMH b npoH3BCACHHax 0 BeAHKofi OTeaecTBeHHoB boUhc. noABHTH CbiiiOB HAoaepeB Ka3axcKoro HapoAa, BbiABHHysuiero npo- CAaBACHHbix rcpoeB—28 rBapAefiueB-naii(|>HA0BueB, b Koropbix 3aneia-r- Aeaacb CHAa iiapoAOB, cnaaKiiux OpaTCKofi ApywGoB, hbxoabt csoe ot- pawemie B coBeicnofl AHTepaType. Ka3axcKHc nHcaTeAH o6pamaioTCH k aiofl tcmc eme b BoeHHbie roAbi b0'iep.xax, paccK33ax, cppoHTOBtix 3apHC0BKax. Ho TOAbKO b nocAeBoeH- hhB nepiiOA Ka30XCKan npcoa iioaxoaht k rAyGoaoMy oCMUCAeimio coGuthB BcAHKOfl OTeHCCTBCHHOH BOfiHbl. Kasaxciian AHTepaiypa b 3th toah oGoraiuaeTCH hobfjm o0pa3OMno- AOKHTeAbiioro repoa—o6pa30M MOAOAoro coBeTCKOro naTpHOTa—3amHT- HHKa Poahiiu. B poMSHe T. MycpenoBa «CoAAar H3 Ka3axcTaHa» pac- cxa3biBaeTCH o Ka3axcK0M lOKOine KaiipraAH CapTfuieeBe, npouieAiueM CAaBiibiil nyn. or KOAxo3Horo nacTyxa AOnoima-repon. riHcaieAb noKa3bi- naerGoraTbifi nnyTpeiumfi nap moaoaoto ieAOBoi<a, KOTopwft poc« My*aA bmcctc co cbohm iiapoAOM, noKa3biBacT, kbk KoMMyHHCTHMecKaa napTHa BocriHTaAa b moaoaom cobctckom iiokoaciihh Ayiunie MopaAbiiue KaiecTBa. repoH'iecxan aTMociJiepa CTpoHTeAbCTna iioboB khsiih, npco6pa30- BaiiHc npHpoAbi cobctckhmh AioAbMH npoOyAHAH y KaiipraAH CapTaAe- eaa naTpiio-rii'iecKHcAyBCTBa. Ha ero r.ia3ax moiihotch He TOAbKOoGahk CTeaH, ho h aioah, iix co3HaHHe. /[yxoBiiaa xpacoTa, bucokiih narpiiOTH3M socniiTUBaioTCH y repoa poMaHa bccm, no onpywaao cro c paimero bo3- pacra: actckhh aomom, uikoaoB, norpaii3acTaBofl. 3th Bucoioie uopaAb- \"ue KaiecTBa h npoflBAaiOTCa y Hero bo (ppoiiTooofi oGcraBOBKe. B ana- soiax GiiTBbi 3a Pociob, AecaHTa na Kep'ieiiCKiifl n<viyocTpo3 KaiipraAH CapiaAeeB h Apyrne repOH khhth bcaVt ceGa kbk HacroHUUie coBercKHe naTpHoru. T. MycpenoB noKa3HBaeT $opMHpOBaime h pa3BHTHe AyaoiHX Haiwo- HaAbHux TpaAHUHfl Ka3axcKoro HapoAa, ero MywecTBO, ryMaHH3M, ayBCTBO TOBapamccTBa, apy»i6y c bcahkhm pyccxaM iiapoAOM. ny6AHUHCTHMecKHe CTpaHHuu Kiiiirii TOBopaTo aioGbh k Poahhc, o *ry<ieB HCHaBHCTHk 3ax- BarniKaM, o poah Ka3axcTaHa b noGeAe hba BparoM. Abtop noKaabmaer peiuaioiuyio poAb baiiahhh koaaokthb3 iia (popMH- poBaime MOAOAoro coBeTCKoro qeAoneKa. KaiipraAHCapTaAeeB BenaccHBHO BocnpiiHHMaeT BAHHHHe OKpywaiouuix ero AioAeB, a cTpeaiiTca ocmucahtb KHSIIb, HaBTHCBOIOTO'IKV3peilHH no OTHOUICHKK) KAIOAHM, H3TI1HCK3HHH onpeACAHiOT 3Tanu ero GHorpattiHH. riuTAHBo npoiiHKan b cyiuaocTb pa3- •wmux co6uthh, xapaKTepoBAioAefi, repoft pouana 3peeT aj'xobho, oGora- WaeTcaofl BHyrpeHHHHmhp.
CTpeMjieHHc raytfxe pacKpbm. ncHxonoraio r5P0^ *H3Hb KaK 6b! ero ivra3aMH no,icica3ajio nHCaTC.no T. Mycpcnonx pecuyio, ho H xpyjHyto <t>oPMV noBCCTBOBanhh ot nepBoro .limn. H HHManci. naa cbomm repoeM, nncaTeJib BMecxe c reM aaeT no'ianct cBoe OTHOineHHe k npoHcxoasuiCMy nepea nHpwiecKHe paaayMMi mu nyfijiHUHCTHiecKHC OTCTyn.xeHHH. Xoxa npoTOTHnoM rnaBHOro repos SBaseTCH pea.ibiio cyineoTiimi jihuo, «CojiaaTa H3 Kaaaxcraiia* Heab3H Ha3B3Tb 6norpnt|m'uvMi\\i : eeaeHHeM. B HeM coseTaiOTcs ropbKOBCKse xpaAHUHH aiiTomim|>a ckoto noBecTBOBaHMS, npoaojiJKCHiiue b Ka3axCKOH npo3o C. .'Uuan aoKOTonbse -aJieMenTM aaKyMeHTaJibHoa nosecxx h iionwo Tpii.uiiuiii CKofl .THTepaTypu, na ocHOBe KOTopux, Tnnn3Hpys peafli.iiue xapai BHcaTe.lH C03A310T 06pa3bl SojlblUOfi 0f)06l!12lOlildl CIIJ11.I. Cbohm poManoM r. MycpenoB yTBepwflaeT b Kaaa.xcKoii npo.io UKrrbi THnH3auHH, Koropue oGorauiaioT ee HOBbiMH cpe.ieTBasiu .vi> naHHs oGpa3a no-ioxiHTejibiioro repos. MyiiaHOB b nepBoii piviamiiiii co3saeT cBoero posa aBTonopTpeT; MyCTaijjHH b «UlHraiiaKi-» iimin-r «CoaaaT H3 Ka3axcT3iia» 3th npiicMi.i eoocoCpaairo co>ict,ik>tch. IVij repofi poMaHa Haae.ieH HHAHBHAyaJibHHMH scpxaMH irpOTOTiina. no ero )kh3hh h aa*c ero hmh. Tan we nocrynaeT C. MynaHOB a «Cup-,’I c oCpaaoM CbrpGas. B armrpatpax h nocBsuieiuisix cbokx pOManOB aoTopu ocofio Hi aaHHS o6pa308 hx KHHr. eCoaflax H3 Ka3axcTaHa» oGmefl HaeBnofl HanpaisacmiocTi.io xaHKaeTCs c poMaHBMH TaKHx nHcaxe.nefl, Half <J>aaeeB. IloacBofi. T tob, co3aaBiuHx BbiaaiomHecs npoH3BeaciiHs o moaoaom coserciioM acHHH. Abtop Ka« 6h H3aaaeKa noaBoasT CBoero repos k cBcpiu noaBHra, paccKasuBas o ero jkh3iichhom nym, o Tex Aiojax n coOi.—- Koropue <j>opMHpoBajiH ero xapaKxep. OTcioaa h (jiopwa nocTpociiii- ......... 3iipoBaHHoe pacKPHTiie aHBiucflcs b icaaaxcxoA np03e, h oGyca mh HaHCoaee BepHoro nyTB b pacxpbiT i BHyTpeHHero MHpa repos. B nepHOfl BeaHKofl OTesecTBeHHo 6um HHxepecoM oGpaiaaaHCb k om>rr\\ peBoaiouHoHHOH Oopbfiu b HcropHH n S !oh\"co3 npe;tKOB' xaPOAHUx repoeB h S^m^CTpaHeHHe * a,lp l,CTOPHMCCKoro poMyaHBa.BOTeMae Hcropnsc '10™ \"flepan3P“ “ ° CB»3UBaPTCH B llP0H3Beaei!HSX COBeTCKIIXP i,; S. ° narPHOTH3Ma, c yTBcpxiaeHHevi ,-n .. ! nporpeccHBHux ToHacauiif! o6mecTBeHHi -------XCKoii CODeTCKoft npose^ nosaaeiiHe HCTopiisecKax naHHs Hapoaa ho m o mp ° P0CTC naTpHoxiiiiecKoro cax k HCTopusecKoMy n p o ^ ^ T n o t H ^ ^
Hsbcctho KaKoe 3HaMemie b wushu cpe.iHea3HaTcKHx HapoaoB bmmo MpoflHO-ocBoooflHTeabHoe BoccTaiiHc 1916 roaa. Hapoa saneiarjiea ero s MHoroiHCJieHHux necHsx. cTHxax, Jiereaaax. CoaepuieHno aaxoHOMepiro, wo coaercKae nHcarezni Cpe/uiefi Ashh h Ka3axcTaHa He norm npoiiTH xiimo 9roro Hapofliroro flBHweHHH h, cipeMacb ocmmcxhtb Hcropniec- noe npoouoe, hoh3Mchho oSpawajiHCb K cofibiTtifiM, cBH3amiHM c 3thm BoccraHHeM («Boraro3» C. MyKaiioBa, «Howiue pacxaTN. M. AysaoBa, «CBaiueHHan xpoBb* Aft6exa, «Pewaiouuift uiar» B. Kep6a6aeBa h zip.}. B3thx npoioueaeuiinx imcaTcjiH pacKpwBaziH TpaziiiiiHH ocBo6oanTeab- boSfiopbGu paHee ynieTeimux HapojoB. pa3BHrae hx xaaccoBoro cauo- CMHaHHH, ayBCTBO xpeiiHymeii apy*6bi c pyccKHM npojietapHaToM. npn conocTaBHTBJibHOM H3y*ieHHH T3KHX Kpynubix naoH3BeaeHHil mm mam, nanpHMep, wo C. MyxaHOB b poMaiie «BoTaro3» h Afif.ex b poMaHe xCBsmomian K'poob*, HMenMuoro oCiuhx totohccmpHKocHOBeims, Hcropmec- khnpaeawBo pacKpusaa o6cTaHOBxy, no-pa3H0My noaxoaaT KxyaoixecT- BeHHOMy OTpajKBHHio TeMbi. H b tom, h B apyroM poMaHe ochobhoB aBHxeymefi cnaofi co6uth0 SMserca Hapoa, npeacTaBirre.iH xoToporo BwacaeiiM b o6paaax Acxapa, ooraro3, AManraa («BoTaro3»), IOjihh, SpMaTa, KapaTaa («CBmaeimaa ap08b»). B hhx peaxHCTHiecKH saneiaraea poor xjiaccoBoro eaMoco3Ha- aaa TpyaoBoro aapoaa b fiopbde nporaB yraeiaTeaefi. raaBiibifi repoft poMaaa AfiSexa 6arpaK IOaiH npnxoaar k co3HaHRio hcoSxoahmocth Bopbfibi h CTaiioBHTca axTUBHUM BowaxoM BOccTaHira. C fioJibiBHMpea.m- ciaaecKHMmacTepcTBOMpacxpHBaeT AB6ex 6ut xapoaa, ncHxojiomio re- poeB. B cro poxiaHC spxo noxa3aHa npeaateabcxaa po.ib axiaaxacxoro aauK0HajiH3Ma, hochtwih xoTOporo Bxyne c uapH3MOM h mccthoB npa- axaifiBBepxyuiKofi noMoraxiT 3aavuiKTb BOCcTaiixe. Ho aixaanaaxi xoiit- paciHo upoTHBonocraBaBCTcn HHTcpnamiona.iH3M TpyaoBbix Mace. B tom *e kqcBhom HanpaBziBHHH pacxpMBacT Teuy BoccTaHxn Cafint MyxaHOB Ojwaxo y aBTopo3 HMexjTcx h oboh oco6ewHocni b raeiiBO-TBOpvec- *omnonxone x tcmc. repomm AflOexa —Aoib OaBcxoro cayrHKpaaia — fyibHap ne SopeTcs 3a cboh npaua, o«a naccHBHa, o6pa3 ee xax 6m Becb bnpoui.TOM. B poMaae MyxaHOBa o6pa3 aeByiuxH BoTaro3, CMC.ioii pCBO- •WBBOHepKH, yxaCTHHUM BOCCTaHHS, OBeaH pCBOJIHmHOHHOa pOMaHTHXOfi « Becb ycTpeMaeii b Cyaywee. BoTaro3 lie t^amasuH aBTOpa, a peaxuibiii TUmi'iecKiiH xapaxTep, b HeM3'aocTpeHO Bee.lyumee, mto 6uao cbohctbchho xcenmxHe xa3auixe. MyxaHOB erne b 30-x ropax noanaji b »Boraros» Baxc- aefimyio TeMy 0 nojioweHHH h poax wohuikku iia BocToxe, TeMy, hmcio- myio6oabuioe SHaneiixe azmBcex cpeflHea3HaTCXxx ziHTepaTyp, iirpamiuyio cymccTBCHiiyio po.ib b CTaHOBJieiiHH hx HOaaTOpcxHX TpaanmiS. 06pa3 wiiiUHHu, Bqepa cuie 6ecnpaeKo(i pa6biiiH, BMABHayTuft b uenip o6iuecT- Mhhwx co6mthB, cBHaeTeabCTBOBaa o hoeom ofiorauiciiHH Hauaona.ii.nbrx ipaaiiUHii xasaxcxofi .iHTepaTypu, b pa3BHTHHxoTopoR TBopqecTBOMyxa- aoaa HMeeT najKiioe 3iia'ieiuie. PoMaH AflOexa 3axaHMHBaeTCH nifie.ibro repox nepe.i caMofl pCBoaio- a\"cS, pOMaii MyxaHOBa npoBOairr cbohx rcpoeB xcpe3 BoccTaHxe, pcBO- •houhk), rpa*jaHCKVio BOiiny. PoMaH Afl6exa peuien Tparc.wf(HO, ho ero fepoH no.uiiu npea'iyBCTBHii BejiHXHX nepeneH. PoMaH MyxaHOBa peuieH oBTHMHCTHHHee, ero repow CTaiiOBHTcH CBHaeieaaMii TopixecTBa iiapoaa. raxoe pemeHHe TeMbi hmczio noaowmeabHoe 3iiaqemic naa xa3axcxofi ■iHtepaTypu 30 x roxoB. OjHaxo b poMaiie AR6exa xpyr hpxhx niUHiiHiiya.iHSHpoBaHHbix o6pa- aoB.noaeii H3 Hapoaa rnHpc, ueM y MyxaHOBa, b poMaHe xoroporo euye
a xapaKTepoB cxeHa-”'\" '™ * pacKpuT..a.......-toaonia TnPy_^pKHEcMnaebu.*TcKWBoBroa9aTnHMXHcHapKTo2eMKjiHaaXHBaK-xoKraeeeppoGoaHaaCHahflcao/bat,«.cPraueautciaccoixoaaioUfstHaHnC.oipunbaOor»en,rpat»Moa„BOH_bHbifAppt OOrMMepB3oHHfeei nnoxonHT caoiKHbift, npoTHBopeiHBUH nyTfe, nonaaaeT b roB npewae qeM cTan. HacroaiAHM 6opuoM 3a HapoAHOc cqacTbe. counKKaaaaHa*cCaaTooHcc'iechK3or33o™thpxeeaavjnli£Kp33oMMH3aaBcBaacppii0oHfAliiii:i0ofcfiinanoHcotGepcraBrOyBpaca, oh pbashBHxTcHoionocMTOaTeOaaea- ffrtire nooc..T..y..nancoTMtooraeHTOBcOosea, acHnHeaioHip.nHn'ieeip--a-T-y-pubix amepaTypy TpaaHiwii, hom Bc.q1y«9qAa4e26—arfoi»BanyeBwpua.n.Ha.aa.pai—eoKmHetrioracHpOeoMBraennrcaeKp«BoHraoyaT, nhaHcAba6rea1an9s»4i,7MBr.o1pA9yp56aBotros.pa—a. i b1155to<1p9a5a2. 0.Bi3a. paAneccHyTaHiu-i'oeieT6irHpiMaH3t,vBpv.veamah—njKicohro—iiau„HO.~aAaAbCHoaorboumnMosrxayAOA*CeCaaT,BCnmoiBbci!cTBya o cvAbfie Hapoaa, o ero cTpaaanaax H MywecTBe, o ero GeACTBHHX ii Oyn- TapcTBC o CHjie h KpacOTe Hapofliiux TaaaiiTOB. r.aySoKaa Ayua o napofle nan 6bi'cflMBaJia BeAMHhifl nopbiB, b eAHiiuft cnaaB MbieAH a qyocraa co- bctckoto nacaTana h ero repoa — noaTa-aeMOKpara. Hmkiho b stom, Mo wer 6biTb acHee Bcero ouiywayiacb ocoGemrocrb xyaowecTBeimoro moto- aa rmcarejia, coaaaBHiero qerapexroMHyio vnoneio 06 A6ac. FlepBaa KHiira anonea nopaacaer oGHJiHeM wpacoK, apxnx h c.Me.ibix b H3o6paweHHH npitpoflbi, aeaoBemeoKHX qyBCTB h OTHOiueHHit, noroMy <ito ona Gbuia oBeaiia noTjaefi poManTHiecKoro BocnpaaTHa tOHbiM AGaeM ok- pywaiomero MHpa. riocaeamaa, qeTBepraa, umra OTjiHaaerca rayCoKHMH ipH.ioco<pc.KHMH mmuibmh, pa3AyMbflMn o Hapone; 3Aecb HCTopHHecKHfl repoiS npeacTaer ksk anacnneAb aysj caoero BpenreHH, a ero TparimecKoe ctoakho- BeHHe c (pcoAajii.HoS cpeaofl AocraraeT CBoero anorea: A6aii aaer HAeiiitbiii 6o8 nofjopHHKaM nsHHCjiaMH3Ma h naimopKH3Ma. He MCtaepKH3Hpys B3raa- AOBnoaTa, Bceraa ocTaiomeroca cuhiom cbocto opeMeHH, nncanrib jera.ibHO h iicHxoaoraaecxH o6ocnoBaHHO pacMpuBaeT to, bto Aeaajio A6aa BJiacTH- reaeM nytt CBoero noKCWieHHH: ero Bepy b 6yaym.ee napoaa. Paa.iyMba- MOHoaora no3Ta, cocraBjiBiomHe cneiiHipaaecKyio ocofieHHocTh ncK.xonorH- aecKoio aiia,1H3a y M. Aysraoea h AocraraioiuHe b noc-TeAHefl xaiire orpoMHofi EHyrpoKnci't c m , aanaroenbi 3Toii crpacTHoft Bepoii: «Em,e HacraiiyT apy- iKe BpeMeHa, npuayr jpyrHe nJicMena m shoxm*. 3anyMaHHbie xax mupoKoc iiojiotmo o wh3hh h TBopqecrac ec-iHKoro 110313 A6aa, poMaabi MyxTapa Ay33t>Ba o rpeTbefl h aerBepToft KHHrax npa- o6peTatoT Hosoe 3ByqaiiHe, noroMy aro o6pa3 xa3axcKoro iiapoaa, Bouieji- uihh o mmx KaiK o6pa3 raaeBOro -repoa, npeopaiuaer umici powaHOB ,b sno- neio o couHaabMofl 6opb6e wacc, 06 oimiMHCTH'iocKoli TpareaHH reiina h pocre HapoAHbix caa, paa6y*eiiHbix ero noMHefi. C KaaiAofi hobo» KHHroft HaunoaaabHO-HCTopnqeoKaa roponxa 6opb6bi HapoAHbix Mace 3a osoe oc- BoCcctcaeHHe Bee rayOwe h npoanee bxoamt b ocHOBy HAeSHO-xyaoiKecTO'eH- Horo coAepxcaHMH snonew. 3nonea 06 A6ae asiuiacb npon3®eAeHneM STanubiM b AHTeparypiioM opopeccy Hauiero BpeMatH. Ona « e roabKO 'BbiSBHjia hobmowhocth, cxpbi- rue b Heapax powaeHHoB peBOAiouaeH Ka3axcxo0 AHrepaTypu, no h noA- Haaa «a MOByio crynesb bck> MHoroHaUMOHajiBHVio AHrepaxypy a H3o6pa- weuKH HapoAa Kax raopua nauHonaAbHofl Kyabrypu. TeMa noara h Hapo- Aa, ocaeiueHHan b Hefi c no3HUHii coUHaaiicraqecKoro .peaaH3Ma oOorara- n t cosercKoe HCxyccTBO hobum coflepwauaeM. He HapoA Aan s snonee
(Sparcxoe coApyatecrBo c pyccKHM h He cJiyiaftHo, aaayMhiiiaiicb o x o6pa3a (tea PafiHHea, aaramcKHe n TarapcKiifi HHeareib Ax.Mea <f>aii3H, a PoMaHbi Ay930Ba 06 A6ae, noajiHMaa ofiiuHe jum coBeroxofl jnrrepa- typunpo&neMbi, noaaocrbio coxpaHaioT a ce6e ace Te HepTU, Koropue no3- B0.1S1OT roBopHTb o hhx, Kax o npon3Bt‘,aeHiitix HauHOHa.nhiibix. HenoBTopn- uoe CEoeodpa3He thiiob, hx B3aHMoorHouieKHfi, xapaierepoB, H3o6pa- xteiwe napoaHux fieacTBHfi 11 raiyfiOKoro onTHMH3Ma HapoAHbix Ta.iaHToa, ncaxwroraii ti,opieetna, fi^caoHemioro MHoroo6pa3HH npapoau—Bee mto oseauo apoMaraM Tex TpaB, pacuBeaeHo tcmh xpacKaMti, HanoaHeno TeMH 3u)muH, KOTopbic mojkho BCTpeTHTb TojibKo ua poAHofl 3CMjie. IlepeBeaeii- m ua 25 fl3b>K0B 8 6parcKHx pecnytwiHxax h b crpaHax napoauoS aeMO- xpiiHH ononea 06 Afiae ocrajiacb npouaseaeHHeM noaaHHHO HauKOiia.Jb- jhii, csH.ieTe.ibCTByioiuiim o Moryunx TBopqecKBX cnaax BcapowAaniioro U3axcKoro Hapoaa Ho finaro'jnopiiOM bahshhh BejiHKofi pyccxofl AiiTepa- typu Ha pa3BHTHe .iHrepaTyp apyrax HapoaoB. 3tot poMaH mot 6brn>co3aaH TOAbKOKabombc SpaTCKoS apyutfiupyc- cxoro h Ka3axcKoro HapoaoB, KopiiH KoropoS yxoaaT b aajieKoe npouuioe. Tax we Kan h rennii raaBuoro repos pouana—BCAHKoro noara Afiaacmof oxpenHyTb h yTBepAHTb B co3H3hhh CBoero Hapoaa Bucorae mucjih a Ueaau fiaaroaapa npHofimeiimo k nepeaoBoS pyccxofi Ky.ibType, Tax h po- waii xa3axcKoro nHcare.ni M. Ay330Ba 06 Afiae cran BbipaweiiHesi buco- x«xnaefi Hamero o6mecrBa fiaaroaapa TOMy, hto qepnaa cBoecoaepwamie meaHo b coBercKOH naeoaoniH, rae npHHiwn apy*6bi HapoaoB SBaaeTca ocBOBonojiaraionuiM. „ BbwaiomHeca coBeroKHe niicaTejiii A. OaaeeB, Be. MBaaoB, JI. Cofio- aee, K. Chmohob, B. TopfiaTOB, Bbtpascaa smeHHecobctckoh ofimecTBeHHoc- ™, BbicoKo ouShhjih potfan M. Ay330oa «A0ait2 a ero 3iiaMcuHe b hcto- PhhcoBercKofi jiHTepatypH. K- * « hh ororeqaer «Oco6ohho mpaaeH poor xyjowccTBeHHoii npo3bi b jmrepaTypax fiparaiHXuapoaou. 3to mu bhahm btbkhxwauHOHaabHHX xy.ibTypax. xoropue ao chx nop aie o&iaaaaa npo- aamecKofi rpaanuHefi, Hanpiniep, y K33axoB. C co3aaHHCMfiotbuioro poMa- «a Myxrapa Aysaosa «A6afl» mu MoweM no3apaBHTb KaaaxcKvao .iHTepa- B xyaowecTBemiyio pa3pafioroy coBcrcxofi AHTepaiypofl » HCTOPH1OCKO0 AIHIHOCTH M. AV330B BHOCHTCBOfl fiOAbUIofi «aanoro repoa — noBTa K npocBeTHreaa A6aa pacocpuT-hm CIBeHHOii OBH3H C B3aHMOOTHOIUe«HaMH paMHHHblX COUHaabHUX Maccoa. rioHTOMy Hapoa. Kax ochobhoA aeaTeab ncropHH. npw » poxane raaBHbiM hctohhhkom AOXHOBeHHHH pa3AYMHH, 6opb6U H ShkAfiaa. , B coffeTOKofi AHTepaiype co3Aa«o erne Majio ofipa: . «ocreA. HaHfioaee apKiie H3 khx —fro riyuiKHH (H. HoBHuosa). Kioxejibfie- a(K) TbiHHHOBa) HaBOH (Afifiena), repoa poMaHOB O. <Popm. 06pa3 a, C03aaimuH Ay330BUM, cAywirr npHMepoMaaa fipatcKHX HaiucoHaab-
Hbix JiHTeparyp b c03aaHHH HeropireeCKH npaBAHBoro o6pa3a TsopiecKO/i H3o6pawomie jk»3hh BbiaaiomHxcH aenreaeii iiamioiiaaMioii Kyjibry- pti HBjraeiTcH oaHofi H3 nawiibix resi, Koropaa yreepaHJiacb b .iHTepaiy- pax opeutHea3HaTCKiix pcenyOjiHK. H 3Aech a nepByio O'tepeab aojijkhm ObiTb ,----<vw iioj cAfiaii> Av330Ba u «HaBoa» AftGeKa. B poMane Aftfiexa na nepBhiR naan BbiaBHraerca rocyaapcTaciman acaroabHocTb HaaoH, ero noKpoBHTeabctbo .hoahm Hcayccraa, Oopboa 3a y3CcKCKiiii jurrepaTypHuA skmk, ho MCHee api;o pacKpbrra TBOpiecKaa aea TcabiiocTb BejiHKoro nowa. C ero JKH3Hbio HenocpeacTBemio He nepen.iCTe- Hu cyabGbi JHoaefi Tpyaa. B poMane Ay33oaa, liaofiopoT, pacupwr rnyfiOKO h apKO npeiKne scero TBopiccKHH npouccc, npouocc co3flaHwTno3TK«ecKHX npoiiaBeAeHHH, ncw- xoaonis TBopMccrsa A5an; *H3Hb nosra nepenjieTeiia c 3KH3HbX) npocTiax komcbhhkob, c mx comiaabHoii dopbCofi. Cacayer, OAHaKo, yaeeTb, w o TpyaiiocrH, Koropbie npeoaoaea AiiOeit, 6i>tan6o.ice 3HaniTeabiibiMH, Heweait tc, xoTopue ctosuih napea Ays30BblM. Bocco3Aatb HCTopwiecKU ppaBairabift o6pa3 n siioxy Haoon, xomuiero b XV Bcxe, Cbiao snannenbHO Tpvanee, nemeau oCpa3 Adas. yMepmero ywe HoBaropcTBO M. Ay:»ona, oGoraTHdiiero cOBexCKyio HCTOpuKO-xy.tO- /KccrneHiiyio aMxepaTypy 0Gpa3OM mma-aeMOKpaTa, BbipawaCTca Be -roab- ko n tom, hto b poMane iviydoKo pacKpbnu xapaKTep, nciixoaoriiH isop- Mecraa mwra am “ ” -to b hc.miicropiBiccKH npaBAitno BUH3aeiibi ami- - i oOmeeraemiona npoppecca, TBopiecroo Hapo/urux aacc, nep-
crexTHBti KnaccoBOfi 6opb6hi. PoMan aeaaeTca xyaowocrBeinibiM orapuTHeii npomnoro c ncnmuifi comiajmenmecKoro peaan3Ma. ‘Jto *e nonoro BHecMyxrap AyasoB b n3oCpaweHHe nanojKitreabHoro repojr KaKTBO'piecKoft jihuhocth? npe»we BCero, on opraimaeoKH caha o cBoeft 3none'o Tewy raopiecKofi .mraocmc tomoR Hapoja. Ero repoR (JjopMiipyerca He Ha (|K>ne, a b cawoR lyuic coChthR HapoAiiofl hchohh. KocBeaHo noaeMH3»pya c hckotopmmh ycroaBuiKMKCH npauiuinaMH H3oSpaweHHa jwtaeA ToopneoKoro Tpyaa, b ch- jy xoropbix napojiibifl host, no cywecTBy, tojiuco BiieuiHe conpiiKacaaca caapoiOM, a ero OKpyweHiie coctoht b ockobhom k3 6ah3khx Apy3efi. coCparbeB no nepy, M. Ay330B bboaht b cboh poMaiiu napoj, xorophiR «aeer ajeRcruyer uraaBiiciiMO, xora h b teCHoft CBH3Hc ochobbuh repoeac. nowa-iyfi, BnepBbie b npoH3ne,iOTHHx oT3op»iecKofi ahhkocihiaK pa3aocropoHHe, b abh/Kchhh, b bboakjuhh pHcyerca iianpawemiaa WH3Hb aapoja—TBOpua HauHOHaAbHO-nosTHHecxoS Ky.ibiypu. Mepe3 Bee aerape warn anonen npoxoAHT peaxo onepieHHHe. toiiko HHAHBHAya.nii3HpoBaH- BHC$HrypbI Ta.TaiiT.lHBblX nCBUOB, nOBTOB, paCCKa31HK0B. PacapbiBaa repon'iecKoe coAepwanae 6opb6u riapoaa nponiB yraera- ieae8, M. Ays>30B bmcctc c tom ocoCchho raySoxo irepeAaeT oany H3 oio- poaero HauHOHaabiioro ncHxoaorn'ieCKOro ctuiaAa— nosTOHHOCib, 6e3rpa- BHBiiyio aio6onb k ireoiie, c KOTopoii powAaipTCH 11 yMHpaior, k KMnpoBH- saumi, noAHtrrofl na CTyiioib BbicoKoro HCKycerna. HMemto sihmh 'iepTa- mo6pa3 aapoAa see BpeMH oOpameH k repoio snonen — eeaiiKOMy nosTy. Capyroft CTopoHU, HapoA CaaroAapji 3T0My pacKpbDBacrcH nepea jismh ua-K 6mqepea nocnpinmie A6an. xoiopbifl qepnaer b HapoAHoR WH3HH Tsop- 06iuee iiAeftno-TOManprecKoe coAepwame po.vaiion M. AyssoBa 06 A6ae BbiaciiHCTca b CBere A3yx ochobhhx (JiaKTopoB Hcropau xa3axcxoro apoja: pom nepe.xouofi pycCKofl KyAbTypu e iicropH'iecKow pa3BHTHii na- JaxcKorojiapoAa 11 KaaccoBofi OopbOu b xaaaxcxoM oCuiecrne Bropofi no- -bbkhh XIX ocKa. 3iot nepHOA xapaKTepraycTcs. c oaiioR cropoHU, crpeu- •«aaeuk nporpeccy, ycaxaBaioiueMycH b KaraxcxoM napoae no «epe nocre- aeaHoronpHoOmcKHH ero k pyccKofl KyjibType, pasBHTiiOMAeMoxpannecKHx MeS, c ApyroR — (beoaaAbHO-OailcKHM KoncepoaTK3MOM, ynopsofl 3aiuiiToii narauMH 6asrMH ycroeB naTpHapxaJibno-poAOBoro CbiTa. nponiB MpaxoCccHfl ijieoAaAbHbix upyroB Sopiorcsi AeMOKpanmecKHe win bo rjiaae c bgahkhm Ka3axci<HM noaTOM-npocseraTeAeM AGaeM KymaH- SaesuN, xoropbiR H3Gpaa nyn. cGahwohhr c nepeAOBofi pyeexofl xyAbry- N h AOMOnpanmccKofi HHienaHreimHeR. Bonpoc o B38HMooTHonieHHJ?x Ka3a.xcr.rrfa h Pocchh nBABerca BawneR- “a« b HCTopiiH Ka3axciaHa, a cjieaomTOibHO. H b KaaaxcuoM HCropHiec- fox poMa«e. Ha npiisrepe B3aiiMooraioniBHHft h OBS3efi KoHKpeniux repoes M.Ay330B ycTaHaiuniaaei pojib Pocchh b HcropHnecKHX cyAbCax xasaxcKO- 'onapoaa. •lenaBeSTRyosnnjioyxarya,mKworpTaOyBAeefliawpixhccdt,iuAih6awiwpBhbbicmTiyncaer c nprobiBomymrbca y PyocKoro napoAa, n6o oh bhaba b coBpeMeiraoM ewy oOmecrBC 11 npeAcra- — Apyrofl PoGchh- nVpeaoByio pe^ioaiomiomio-AeMOKparaqecKyiO hh- PoMan M AvssOBa «nyTb A6aa» HaeBHO-xeMaTH'iecKH npo.io.ixtaeT PObaa <A6aR», ho «a nepbmR nJiaH « Hew BbiABiiraeiCH KAaccoBaa 6opb- 63K33a\\eKoro Hapoca nponiB (Jico.pa.rfiJioro H KQ/ioHnaAbHoro ruera. 06- paabi GeAHHKOB, BbiciyTiHBumx Ha 3awHiy cbohx npa®, paoKpusaiOT thuh-
neoKHe Hepra cEo6oflo-no6nBoro Kaaaxcitoro HapoAa, ■ npoTHa yracTeHHa h aKCMyataiwH. JIioah HB Hapona noxaaaHb. b Po«a«e c nosHiwefi ncaAHSMa xax hocht&iih BO3BbiiijeBH0ro K repoHHecKoro. B hx xapaKTepax Soa^ khm^ h SaHAa^BHoe Ha.ra.ao, xoropoe OKaaNBaercH b TpyACuno- 6kh flapKeM6aH noase-ibrnaioiuero x,ie6Hue ncuia, e HenpeptJBHOM pa3BHTHH £ £ £ £ £ * i o S A6aeM h ero hoaoanm onpywcHCM, b ocbochhh xapa«repa, Ayxa h boah HapoAa «s aac-aoiiaercH b anonee csmumh ckopGhhmh KapTHMMH irapoAHoro ropn, yHHWCimii. rae- ia. riHcaTejib OTUCKHnacT b HapOAe Bee to CBeraoe, onTOMHcraiecKoe, mo- mee HTO BGK2M11 BOWABAO B yOTHOK n033HH BOAB!IOAK)6nBWe CT1IXII, HTO oxpuAHAO HapoAayio (paiiTac-niKy, mo onpeAejiswo b cKaaxax 11 jiereHAax no6eAy AoSpa HaA3jiom. JKaup anonen o6ycjiOBA!«BaA coasaHHe CoAr.uiHX reponiecKiix xapavc- xepoB— xapaKrepoB .A6aa, 6eAitefiiuero HcaTaxa .flapKeMfias, OyrnapH, a botom coaHaT&Moro Oopua Baaapa.’in, miTOMua A6aa MoaoAoro noara jlapMeHa. 3th o5pa3H, b Koropux cjioauio nepeaneTaiOTCH MUHBHAyaAbiio- CBoeo6pa3Hbie h Ti>nH'i'ecKH-iiaunoH3.'iHHue aepTH, npHo6peraioT fio.ibuioe 3HayeHHe AAH pa3BHTHn Bceii cooerexoB KaaaxcKoft jwrepaTypbr. ripHCyt- cTBHe HapoAHUX repoes, a/mm o Hapoae, npaiiH3bmaioiuite bcio snoneio, nopoWAaiOT oco6yio, .-mpo-OTHiecKyio Maaepy aBTopa, KOTopaa Tax p&A- creenna s*ih«0ckhm npeacraBjreHHHM iiapoAa o cbohx repoax, ero iiobth- ■leOKOMy MHponoHHMaHiiio. He npocro KH3HeHHUft„ TBOpqecKHfi nyrc> A6aa 03ii<vraer saro-ioBox rperteft h 'leroeprofl khht anonen, a ero nyTb — o t c so e ro k .'i ac- ca k «a.poAy. 3aecb 3aKJUOHeii HAetauB aaMBiCor M. Ay330Ba, ero xy- AOwecTBeHHaa Komienmitr, MeTOA H3o6paweiiHa. Oh 3aAaerca ueribio co3- Aa-n> oGpa3 nosra paAH HcropHiecwi npaBAHBoro yraepiKAeHHa HapoAa k&k TBopua HauHOtia.ibiioii Ky.ibTypu. He CJiyyaBuo ib noc.ie;tnei\"i KHHre anonea b ueHTpe noBecrBOBaHHH He cvflifia A6a«, a cyabfibi .noAeft H3 Ha poAa, HX OopbSa, COlUiajlbHblfi OnblT, ntSTHHeOKHfl TajiaHT. Mouihum opyAHeM b 6opb6e sa iiOBbie hach, b nponaraHAe pvccKoS AHrepaTypbi apeaH luapoxHX napoAHbix Macc aBHAoeb aah A6an nosTHiec- xoe TBOpHecroo. UeHTpaAbHaa hach poMBHa—nporpeccHBHoe BAHHHHe pyc- okoB KyAbTypu BHcropHHecKOM paSBHTHMKa3axoKoro HapoAa H b npoireccc (JropMHpoBaHHst ero oCiuecTiieHiioft mhcxh— nojiynaer HaH6oAee cH.ibiroe BhipaweHHe o TBop'iecKOMo6pameiiHH ACan k nyuiKHHy. 3ac.iyroii M. Ays- 30Ba, cooAaBuiero ninpoKoe nooiorao o noaTe, hbahctch xyAOJKeeTseHHoe npoHHKHOBeHHe b ncHxoaorHio ero TBopxecrBa. 3thm «A6aB» no-HOBOMy npoAOjiwaer AynuiHe TpaAHUHH coBeroooro HcropHqecKoro rpoMana o tbop- aeCKOfl AH4HOCTH. npKHUHnu ramuaiuiH Hcropiwecxofi .ihihocth b stom poMaHe xapaKre- pHayioTCH BonaoiuemieH b A6ae aymunx HaruioiiajibHbix MepT KaaaxcKoro napoAa h BMecre c tom H0Ka3OM orpoMHoro 3H3hohhh nepeaoBoft pyccKOH OOUKCTBCHHOH MUCAH B (|)OpMHpOBai(HH erO MHp0iB033peHHH. M. AvSSOB pacxpbiBaeT HCTopHMecxyio AHHHocTb b nepcneKTHBe ee pa3Bimta. Kan cBoe- ro poAa eAHHHTOoe SBJieHHe, ho HMeromee. BMecre c tsm, H.iOAOTBOpHyro H^oAa* T° JIUK Ha?l0flHb,>; Macc- A6afl BUCi^naeT thAhhcckhm repwM h3 pocra peBOAKJUHOHHoro cormaHHH oUBbOoMhxX WrePm°ebB bo ocefio6npiayf6HTHbe ,hlPomlihccoc-
rorpaimocTH. Tax, HanpHMop, BbixoaUH K3 xapoflHbix hh30b, 6eiH»KH flap- se«6aS h Ba3apaabi, Bupacraxyr b skthbhwx xaaccoBbix 6opuoB. Ha rayCoKHX xoaTpacrax, counaAbHOM h xyAoweCTBeimoM, jiocipoeH tnater poMaHOB Ay330na. BopbSa A6as co cbohm otuom, xpynHe0iroiM KyHaH6aeM, pocr xnaccoBoro caMoco3HaHHH 6mhbkod, ycnae- raie mraocoBux nporaBopeiHii, CTHXHiiHue nporecnj nporaB yraeTateaeft, aenoaiHHeHHe hx npnxa3aM, ontoneBKH Ceaiiux ay.ion AaHbi c nosxuHft pa- ao&iaieHJia am-HHapoaiioS, peaKimoimofl cymaocTH (Jjeoaaarao-poaoBOfl sepxyuiKH. PoMaHiraimiaeTca c Ka3HB CeanaKa KoAapa. KoropyK) coBepinaer Ky- Koaap, y.witpafi, uuier npoKJism e MHpy 0oraTeeB-XHiiuiHKOB, n sta •ihhhh«apo«Horo npoTecra HapacTaeT B poMaHe jo oncpuTbix Bucryiuieimfi xacCHfieiiiSKon nporaB ynicTaTeneii. Ba3apaxu, /IapKeM6afi, flapuesi bh- aynaior aktubheiImh CopuaMH sa AeAo « apoja o illyra A6aa». Ohh sbab- u k s toS CHAOfi, na KOTOpyio onupaerca A6afi b CBoeft npocecTine-abCKoft icuroiwiocTH nporaB 4>eoAaAbHO-6aflcxofl BepxymxH. Bo MHorHX snH30Aax ocywAarorca b pOMaxe no3opnbie o6uqaHxanuMa, axearepcTBa, peaxKHOHHue rpaaHUHH ipeoAa.iuno-ponoBoro yxnaaa. Abtop npasAHBOjioKa3UBaer, to Aawe Ay'mine HauHcmaabHbie Tpaaamia xa3ax- «mo aapoAa, raKHe, xax rocTenpHHMCTBO, HcnoAb3yx>TCA <l>eoAa.iaMHb uc- ax Bpaxgua h .HawHBbi. H30<5pawaB poAOByio 6opb6y, nHcareab noA'iepxH- aaer, to oHa Bene-rca is HHTepeca.x aKcnayaraTOpoB, ne noae.iHBiuHx Bnacn>, m cpa3y we ofrbeAHiiaioiuaxcs, Kan tcuibko Ha aipeHe counaabHOfi 6bpb6u atraBH3HpyeTca B03MVbteHH0e Ka3axcKoe KpecTbimcTBo. ■teo.TaAbKO-pOAOByra CTapHHy KAefiMST raeBiibie nec«n A6as H Aap- »caa, b 6opb6e c pcaKttHoiiHBtMH oObwaaMHpacrer coBiiaiiHe HapoAa. T.iaB- shmofiBHHCHHeM nponuoro cAyWHT b poMaHe o6pa3Haa CHCTCMa oTpHija- rawiux nepcoHaweS. Abtop «e nomen no aomony nym ynpomaiHH rpya- eocrn 6opt 6bi c eparaMH, H3o6pawoHHa hx TynbiMH, raynbiMH, oiafibiMH. OhnpaBAHBOnoAHepKHya, ato KyHanGaCBUbi 6uah yMHW, xonapHU, jxecroxn, faie.ioiiei(Hbi, ofi.'ia.ia.ia ch.ilhlimh BaieiibiMii narypaMH, noxa3aa, «aic tywa 6biAa nofieAa naA sthmh xmiiHHKaMH. XecroKocrrb, xmpocn., Aec- aoiHBMitieoAa.aa KyHaaOaa isunucanbi c HCKAKWHTeabHbiM MacTepCTBOM. 3aocrpHa oTpHiia-re.ibiibie xapaKTepw, aatop nacaieAyeT ropbXOBOKHfi apHBMnoKa3a BbipowAOHHHnpBACTaBHTe-ieS Tpex noKOAenaft npaBsmeS Bep- iyuiKH. CbM KyiiaiiCaa—Taifawan, TpycaiiBbifi h AHUCMepmJH, nycKaa B *oj npoH3B<wi h Hacmwe, ywe no ccbiAa.ica npa 3tom Ha oSbiqaH npeAKOB. Bayx Kyuanfiaa— AaiiMOaii b Hacn.innx hba KapoAOM HAeT Aaabiue CBOe- rooTtia h Ae/;a. Emc nospocTKy, A3HM6aio. 3HopaaHO coofinuiBraeMy o no- awe OeaHHKa Ba3apa.ibi, A6aft I'H'obho 6pocaer: «Xhuihhkh bu, anopB c EoaHbeS MopAOii*. 06.1HK A3HM6an Kax XHomoro boaio npoxo.mr xepea ecb KHHry «nyTb A6ax». B npeACMepraoM 6peay eeanaxa Hch noHBAH- «HCHTOBOAK B OfxnitKe A3HM0aH, TO A3HM6aB BOSAHKe BOJIxa. llpHOM xyaowecTTiffiiiiofi rnnep6o.TO3aUHK rayCoxo ocMbicaen aBTopoM ; bo3hiui0 paaoC-iaiciiHH (jreoaaAbHo-naTpiiapxa.'ibiioro crpon. 3raxi o6y- fJMaaeiia h KOMno3nui(a po.MaHOB: iiaei'iHUi'i pocT A6an h Hapoaa HAeT '’apanaeabHO pa3o6aaiomno aiiTHHapoAnoH poan cpeonaabHO-Cai'icxoft sep- iS,uxh, Taxan «OMno3HUHH o0pa3Hoii cucTeMbi, nocrpoeime dowenibix ah- WS xapaxTepiibi obocS peanofi KOHrpacTHOCTbio, KOTopasi ycHaimacT noxaa wpbfibi nporpeccHBiiux H peaxuHOHHbix coiwaAbHux cha h oTBeqaer \"“cay snHnecxoro noBecTsosaHHa. CBoeofipa3xe npimuHnoB THnH3auim repocB poManoB M. Ay33ooa AnoHaerca «e Tcuibxo b apxoB oOpapHocre suuxa, rAy6oxo nepeaax>mero \"apaKtepbi, oCcTaHOBxy, neii3awH, no u b aapHnecxofi MaHepe asropa, xo-
ropafl omymaeica h b oTHOiireimH k HaoOpajKaeMMM cofibirasM, h b bmo- aHOHBaJnifyapHpOefi»HOaRapa.imnepHHH’iOeCcTKUanxapHaHxTTOeHpauoHBH. , npncyman cranio asmmmmeeccKxoorroo nnoo- nprrnnRBHHS? M Av330Ba IIPHXOAHT H3 HaAHOHaAbHOfi n033HH, Ha llOMBe KOTopofi Bbipacraor b xasaxcxoft nmoparype liposa. BceM oOpasoB, H3o6pa3HTeabHbiMH cpencTBaMK CBnaerc-ibCTByior sth poMaHU 06 oprartHVecKoil cbjuh A»yx pasnamiux *aHPon, 6naronapa xoiopon powaa- erca h waupoBoe ciioeo6pa3ne anonea. 3to Ta noa.mmio HauiiOHa.ibHaa, OTBeiaiOLnaii ncaxo-TOiHiecKOMy cxaaay aaHHoro Hapo.ia tjjopMa, Koiopaa HCMower 6biTb cKomipoBijna H3 apyrofl aHTepaTypbi, -HecMOTpn iia bcio n,io- aoTBopHOCTb BJiHaiiHa ee OUUTa. M Av33ob omipancn Ha iiauHonaiibHbie noaranecKHe Tpajummi. n. mo- * ct 6biTb, nosrOMy poMainHVecxaa npnnoAKJiTocTb xapaKrepioycr sra- necKHH cx.-iaa ero ranaiiTa. Bejb ero poMaHu HanHcanw npo30ii o no33HH, o nec«e, o hx TBquiax, Ko-ropbie * hb>t o eiioeoGpasHoM MHpo o0p;i3OB H Me.TOAMft. Oh onapaaca b npose h «a ApaMa-iypimecxiifi onuT Miipoaon KaaecHKH. Mojkct fibrn,, no3TOMy ApaManmecxasi HacbiiueHHOCTb 11 minpn- weiiHocTb co6ura» cwHMaioT Tues'!ecTpaHH>myio anoneio b c.miioo crpofl- Hoe ue-ioe, me HeT MecTa paccnaCnoHHOcrH, aphOjiocth KOMno3inuioiiHOro nocupoeHHH. PoMaHu 06 A6ae (rax we xax o HaBon h Tyxae) hbii.iiici. c.Boero pofla HayHHWM OTKpbiTiieM 6norpa$aii K TBop'fecriia nosra, o'imuioiihom hx or BctiKoro po.ia uieayxH, BTOpH'ii'biM pojKACHHeM ana napoaa AOaa, o TBOpneCTBe xoroporo we to.-ibko b 1922—1923 r-OAax uina AMCKycena, ho o6pa3 KoTopo-ro .nuoTb ,io cepeanHH 30-x toaob b Ka3axcraHe Hcxaxcajicn CypwyaaHbiMH nauaoiiajiHCTaMH. 3to npouecc, xoua b eoBCTCKoil hc- TOpnaecKOH h nHTepaTypoBejwecKoii Hayxe, b xyAowecriscHHoii niiTenarype Kax 6u 3aHoao, c HOBbix nosHUH# nepecMaipHBa-iacb ponb suaaioiAiixca HCTopHaeoKHX TiiiaHocreft. Bopi.6a KoMMviiHCTH'icoKOii napraH aa BbicoKoiiAefinyio .TOTeparypy aaaa raxHe nononcHTOibiibie pe3VJibTara, Koropwe iio3bo.ih.ih ica3axcKofl coBeTCKoii jiHTepaiype ne rnjibxo C03aatb NOBbie peanHciHiecKHe -rpaAH- UHH, HO H SopOTbCB C HaAHaHaJIHCTHlecKHMH H3BpaiUeiIHaMH OpeACTBaMH cBoero HCKyccTBa. Texia HcropHiecKoro npomnoro noniiKMaercH b Ka3axcKoS npo3e ce- PHe0 aBTO(5Horpai]>HiiecKHX paccKa30B C. MyxaHOBa «UlKo.ia wh3hh». ny- ...... .........a eme b 30-e roAu. a b 1952 rosy BbiiueAiirax b hobo: x noBecrByercH o wh3hh TpynaiiwxcH Macc B AopeBomoiVn- i. Abtop noKasbisaeT He noro HapoAa, h TOJibKo MyaeHHH h Oecnpaaiie yrHeTeH- e Bbicrvii- a npoTHB 4>eoaajibiio-6aftcKofl BepxyiiiKH. Oxothhk Opa3. Ky3iieu Ka- pHwBaeHxopHaoyBa6ap,.p1oaOHA33aabHT.ippOHaBxaaaHeUbaIleo.Hn3ia|«-aaBp3KhHipcMarycHnxpasibaOinBToaMKiOHaHTxaMniopmoerHaycMiTaHaeCBHcHh-rnaeejwmpT. aKTMaaH3aai,uxncr.KeicyoaffiiobxOoer.rnhiiyOh6Tanhhi--. careireR oO HcropaiecKOM 8npo\"mP0n3o3M1\"1n6®po0a0B1anaepnocHH3BHeAeOH-rHonjixbxxoasbaxocexaHaxHe™. pacxpi ayX0R\"2fl * H3\" H HaP°aa- --AyCoKOM OTpaiKeiiviH cyw- 8npa“ M°\"P“ HH* HauHaHaabHue HopTfaI xapam-pa Ka'aaxcxoro Hapoaa. Orpawaa HapoAHyio wn3iib. nxcaTejiH cmotpht h« «• crapoe, peaxiiHcoiHoe, >
-iobhh. M. Ay930B h C. MytcatiOB noKasuoaior b npouiJioM Te aeMOKpara- 6ujioiec*He neMeHTbi HcropiiieoKOio npouocca, tcoropbie pa3BHBa.'incb hKpetuiH, 3a xoropaiMH fiynymee. B jiu.MaHax 06 ACae; b paccKa3ax o /tercTae coBeroxoro tiHcaTens, B <BoTaro3» KOKupeTHO peuiaxrrcti najtiHefituHe tomm b watipe Hcropmiccxoro po*a*a BKa3axoKoB -imeparype: HcropHiecscHe cv.lbGbi xaaaxcxoro napona na«MOKpaTHiocKofl KHTBBJiHreHUHH, hx apyxtGa c pyecxHjf napoaoM, tuiac- coBaB GopbOa o naTpHapxa.n.no-ipeonajiHioM oGmecTBe. JlHWoe oGmeHHe A5ae c nepefloBbiMH pyccxttMH .iioabmh, peer noaHTHieexoro co3HaiiHa Oea- Hsxa Ga3apajihi rro.n b-ihuiihcm ikwhthiccxhx ccuabHux, noxa3 noorpec- cxBiiofl PO.IH KpecTbHH-nepece/ieimes b pa3BHTHH 3kohomhkh ay.ia (nanpH’- Mep, b nppexo/TC k 3cn.’ie;ie.raio), KpcnKymaa apyjxSa 6eaHaxoB Ka3axo» CpyCCKHMH KpeCTbBHaHH— BC3 3TH Bonpocu HaXOAHT CBOe OTpaXCCHHe B KHBrax o aopesoaiouHOimoM upouuroM Ka3axcxoro oGmecnia. Hec.iyqaftno bth np0H3»ftaeuHH bo mhotom onpcaenatoT xapaxrep noc- aesceHBOfi Kaaaxcxoit npoau, ee peajibHbte b03mowhocth, paciymee Ma- BawHeiiiuHM b pa3Bitrnn KaaaxcKoa coaeroKofi JiKTepaiypu roripoc 06 rHouiuHHii k cpconaaiwo-po.ionoii CTapmte b ochobhom paetcpbiBaerca b JiopHBecKHx poMSHax c noarnwR couHaJiHcnmeoxoro peajiHSMa. B sthx xwhkachiibx «e TOJibKOyraepHCAaeTcs Bee caer.ioe, nepeaoBoe, cutthhos, loxnimiieeca b ray6Hae liapoAHbix Macc, ho h pasoCvtanatOTca tc peax- • KHiiue chjili, KOTapue Hacaxmaain h noaaepjKHBajiH Hesewecruo, aHKocrb JKenOTHSMHIBGOpbGeCKOTOpbIMH pocao B ycHjieHHB napoaHocTH Kaaaxcxofi cobctckoR jwrepaTyphi iieMa.io- sawnyio poab Hrpaer Bcnojib30BaHHe itHcaTc.ieM ycTHoro TBopiecrea, ero aepeaoubix rpaflHUHft. Ka3axcxHe npo3aHXH BK.iio>iaioT b cboh npon3Beae- «»hayiuiHe o6pa3br ^ojibitaopa, Ha hx ochobc coaaaioT cBewne xyaomec-r- Beiiaue cpaBHeima a(|x)pu3Mbi, Hcriojn.3va ociiobiiuo KOMno3HUHOiwue nptm- niinu HapoaHoro TBopxectBa— KOHTpacrHocTb h napaaaeaH3M. 06pa3 Ha- pcja HMeeT raaneiicTByiomee no.ioxceiiHe, HaC03aaiiKe ero orpoMHoe b.-ihh- a* oxa3aaH iiamioHaabHbie TpaflHUHH. K H30&pa3HTeabHHM npHHumiaM HapoaHoro TBopxecrBa 6aH3xa xyao- McreenHaa ocHoBa pOMaHOB C. MyxaHOBa, xapaxtepHyto iepry xoiopbix cocTaBaaeT Hapoaiio-nosTimecKHft kojiopht.IlHcaTeab otboaht 3HaHHTeabHoe aecro H3o6pa>KeHHio npiipoau, BOCC03aaBaH ee b xpacnax h o6pa3ax, ot- Maioiipix HapoaHbiMTpoaimHHM, h npeacraBaaa ee KaK (pcm, na kotopom “Porexaior pa3jiHnibie coGhthb JKH3HH Ka3axci<oro napoaa. yMeailie cosaarb neihawH aopoBoaiomioraiofi KS3axcKoft crenii, Hrpaio- aae 8KTH®iiyio poab no oTHomeHHio K cyabGaM repoee, xapaKiepH3ver 'nun. M. Ay33<»Ba. B tcchoR cb« 3h c o6pa3»MH npapoau aarorca nopipe- ™repoes, hx Ayxoaiioe CTaHOBJioHHe. Srana nyra, npouecc ayxosHC.ro co3- PWamia A6aa naniaH oGpa^noe orpameHiie b KasBaHHnx r.ian poaaHa <A«a8»: «B BHxpe», «B ae6pHX», «B ny™», «rio npearopbHM*, «B buiuh- «e>, itiepea ftpo,aoM», eBpropbH.MH®, «rio pbiTBHHaM*, «Ha irepciia.ie*, •Ha paaiy-rbn», «Ha nepiimnef, bCOTopbie xapraHaMH npHpoau tomho on- PeiawioTpaaoHrae co6biiH(i. MotionbSOBaiuie HapoaHoro TBOpiecTBa oGycnotuiearo npHtmanaMH co- ®a.iHCTHHecKoro ipeaaH3Ma H tccho CBtuawo c Bonpocoxi o HannoHaabiibix *paannHax b CBeTe jKHHHCKOro nonoweitafl o SByx tcyjibTypax b KaxcaoS wilHOHaabHofi xyjtbType. fleno « e tcwibkob sexoropbix TpaamiHoiiiibix hso- Gpa3HreabHbJXcpeacraax, no h b HneSHbix mothbbx npoH3Be,ieimii ycraoro racptecTBa, HcnoabsyeMUx Ka3axcKHMH npo3aHKat,tH. HHoraa nHcaieab He-
HMflHyio *anpaM6H»ocTb cbohx pa306.1a1 a.0TCa span. f ” ^ r r 3S ^ wieioTcaPHeKpHTHiecKHe onMcaaaa •r^z™ssi\"^«rrssspu“«™.™^^rsrsn rrss craiecKHM C03JMB3JI &iaronpH»™yio n k 6u aaiiOBO, poxtaewKbiftctpem.i e.i11c axcKOM poMaHe, ,—, w , „ „ k wftCTByiouiasr cuvia, yracTByer Hapo.i h r.ie noK.-iaano ero OTHOnHoIOJBtiHioVni pKaBCOHfSabalT,Hnfl'cMT.opHiecKH-.aesiTem.naH H<H3Ht> B03|ioiK,ieiiiioro kb38x- cxoro Hapona HaiRHaeTCH c Oktb6plckoh couHa.'inciH'iecKoii pcno-nouHii, noBTOMy nee Ka3axcKne pOMa.HK o npommni hjih pacKpHuawr nvTii, koto- pbie BeayT k pesomouHH («npo6y>KflCHHbTft Kpau» I . Mycppnona. «Aoafl» M. AyasoBa), hjihHaiHHatOTCH c ormcamia coGbiriiii, cmaaiiHUx c OKTa6pb- cKoft peBOJiKmacfl, xax, HanpHMep, e Ka3axcKne npteaiiKii xynowecTBeiiHO npaBanco ocMucjiiinn.m, mto Ha- pofl —TBopeu HcropMB. Onw crapa-mci. pacitphiTi. KO.'LneKTiinin,m cooiipa- TeabBbifi o6pa3 Hapoaiiux Macc,' Pa3Btrrae HCTopmecKOro waupa » Kaaax- cKofl aHTepaType aaer no AeyM Hanpaa.neriHHM: npoH3Beae»na. b ucnTpe KOTopbix ctoht cym>6a KcTopHMecKO# jimhocth, tccho CBiiaaimon b cbohx aeaimnx c HapoaoM («A6aii»), n HcropiiKo-coLUiajibiibie poManu. rae cyab- 6bi h OopbOa Tpyaauuixca Macc pacKpuBaiOTcs b peuiaioiUHC momciiTm Hero- puiecKoro pasBHTHii o6mecTBa («BoTaro3», «ripo6y>K,aenmjii Kpaii*). noHBjieuHe nepBoSkuhih anoneii T. Mycpenooa «npo6ywaeHHbifl Kpafi» cnHACTt'-TijcTayeT o tom, 'no b KaaaxcKoft -THTCparype noimmaeTca Hoaas cBoeo6pa3H8H toms —3apojKaeHHe Ka3axcKoro npojieTapnaTa a aopeBoafo- UHoimoM Ka3axcTaHB. HoBa-ropcKH, c 6o.ibu.HM xyAowecraeiwbiM Macrep- ctbom pacKpuBaa 3ry nawneflmyio -rejjy ctbkobjieiiHh pafoaero naacca, r. MyopenoB ccoaaeT neayio ra.iepeio o6pa30B, Korapbie oSoramaioT xa3ax- cxyiocooercKyK) aaieparypy. Bcahhkh Byaanfian, >Ka6aft, Bafiwan, pafioiHe-penoaiouHOHepbi Bh- i, EjiH3aBBTa Aiwpecoiia, 6aH-<j)eo.'ia.m Hi-hjihk h JKyMan, pyccKHe «a- mrramicTbi-npeartpH.H..H..M..aTe.™ \"Paaa b h yuiaKOB npeacTaBJisioT b ----- wwaiib KaaaxcKofi cTenn cepoaKHU npouuioro ctojicthh, b nepnoa%Kora npoiiiiKHOBOHHe KanHTa.iH3Ma pacinaTwsaJio naTpHapxajiMio-cjjeoaa.'iMibie ycTOM KaaaxcKoro ayaa, ofioerpnao sciaccoByio oopb6y, cnocoCcraoBa-io B03HHKHoBeHHio jipoMbiuiaenHoro npoaerapHaTa H3 epejibi 6eaHeftimix rpy- afliUHXCH Ka3axoB. Oami H3 raiaEiibix repoea' poMaiia — ca-iau By.iaii6afi — BupacraeT a ■HacTosuucro Bowana Macc. ncHxoaorniecKH tohko 3ane<iawie- !io ero KnaocoBoe npoapemie, Kor.ua, Ha-iao noeannoK c rnyraM ciuanoM paAH KopbiCTHbtxMHTepecoB 6aeB, oh 3arew npea.iaraer nrmrLibv nnv*fiv B HeM npocbinaerca vvbctbo nejionewxnm — T^Koropoe o«^npo- THBonocTaBJineT CypoBaa 6opb6a pyoc«Hx paCoBax 3. boh npaea cnocoScrayeT pociy
muHTHiBCKoro c03HaHHfl 6eOTSKOB KasaxoB, npHiucAUJHX«a yroubnue max ™ KaparairAH. Ha arofl no'me oGiuhocth KaaccoBbix KH-repecoa yxperAH' racaBCTOpHiieoKiieKopmi apywCu pyccworoh rasaxcKoro «apOAOB, axKjvib- lypaoe h aKOHOMHaecsoe oSmeHiie. Kan npoTHBonoAonacocrb arosiy o6i 6ah- B6HHK) TpyAHmaxca, BeTacT b «riipo6yjKAeHHOM Kpae> Aarepb xhuihhkob- apeAnpBHHMaTejicfl, BciynnauiHX b crOBop c MecTHOfl (JieoAaabHoii 3Han,io, npOTHBOOOpCTBO AByX HenpHMHpHMbTX 06meCTBeHHblX CHJ1 H OnpeAeAHAO KOMH03HAHIOpOMajia. CoiwaAbiiasi 6opb6a oOycAooHAa Tasoxe cyiuecreo oGparaoS chctsmij, 3I0M ocoOeiiHocTbio ee HBAaeTca iicnpepbiBnaa bboaiouhh xapaxrepoB, raviMos, npHBbiqex /ioilci’Byioiiutx aha. Gioxoibi h npoTHBopeHHBu ijmry- p« warabix nepcoHaweii npon3BeAeH«a, rAy6oxo ncHxcwiorHSHpoBaiHbi hx noprpera, KOHTpacTHo conoCTaBAeHbi Meatny coCoh. 9 to xacaerca lie TOAb- *onpeAcranHTeAeii pa3.’iH'itibix KAaccoBbix rpynn, mo m eAHHa\\iyni.TemiHKOB. PesyabTaroM aroro npnewa HBAaerca waoroppamioe, pa3HocTopwmee pac- Kpimie THnH'ieoKoro o6pa3a. Bafi-ijieoAaA b poMaae OAimeraopeH me toai>- kob rpyfiOM noOopHHxe naTpaapxaAbHux ycioeB JKyMaHe, ho a b xhtpom riMKTHKe HrHAHKe, npncnoca6AHBaiomeMca k hobum ycAOBHBM xoi3hh. 3raaioah, npHHaAAe/Kar k oahomy KAaccy a, TeMHe MeHee, wecioxo kohky- pupya, Copiorca Apyr e ApyroM, hto c ocodeHHofl peAbeiJuiociwo noAiepKH- saer OTBpaTHreAbnue XHUiHHtecKHe qepra (jieoiiaAbiioro OaPcraa. 3tot xce npHiiiim i xoMno3HUHH o6pa30B noworaeT h b xapaxTepHCTHKe thhob pyccxHx uam ira-nicioii— Pasaniieiia h yuiaaosa. Pa3AHiMu hx mhc- B3aHMOOTHonieHiia c OMpyxcarouiefl opeAOfl. ho ohh pacKpyuaioTca aB- !pp#M11 npoHBAeimH hx caiihoh BKCiuiyaTaropcKofi cymHocTH. C Apyrofl cropoHbi, aWAasaa noACBiarreAbHbix repoes H3 Hapona a 06- pa3axByAaiiOaa, >Ka6an, Baftwana, anTop Be 3aTymeBbiBaeT hx 3a6HTOCTH, »x -lyauiHe HamionaAbHbie aeprbi. XapaxTepen o6pa3 6eAHnxa EaiiwaHa, HOIOpuB liepBbIM OTKpHA KaParaHAHHGKHft VTOAb H GeOKOpblCTHOpa3AaBan ero6®iHHKaM, nona xaparaHAHHCKyro 30mak>He ckjaihah 3a 6eciienoK pyc- e«He KanHTaAHCTbi. B annaoae othrutiib BafimaHOM MecropowaeHHH yrAH c CoabUiHM noATeKCTOM, iioahhm APaMaraiecxoro Hanpaweims, 3aBH3aHH aceciofKeTHbie ahhhh poMaHa, cxoahtch cyjhCy ero repoeB. OhKax6u 6po- caerOT6Aec.K jia Bee co6uthh, npoHcxoAauuie b cbh3h c npoHHKHOBeHHeM KanHTaAH3Ma b Ka3axcKyio cTenb. «npo6y>«AeHHbift xpafi» —poMan HCTopiiKo-couHaAbHbiH, h6o, aeoMOTpn ■aoTcyicTBHe b hbm hctophicckiix AH'iiiocTefi, oh ocBemaeT *H3iib Hapona la OAHOMH3 BaamefluiHX STanoB ero hctophh. Ecah rOBopHTb o pasBHJiiH ?K,nipa pciMana b Ka3axcKoli .nrrepaType, to cjie.iyer OTMeTKTb, hto BHyTpH 3Toro jxaiipa hohbahiotch no.ipa3AeJfe- hkh: HCTopnqecKHfi powan, iiCTOpHKo-couiiaabHbiH, aBTofiiiorpait>H'iecKHii. KMaxcxasi npo3a odoramaeTca TaKHM thhom. npoH3BeAeiiHfi', xaK asTo6no- rpaitiOTecKHe paccKa3H C. Myxairona «IIlKOAa wh3hh». 3to npoH3BeAeiiiie He nwibKO «acAeAyer TBopqecKufi onbrr ropbKOBCKoii tphaoitih, KOTopbifi JTBepAHAca b pHAe SpaTCKHXAHreparyp, ho no CBoeft (JiopMe oho b maecr- Hofi cTencHH onapaercH H «a HauHOHaAbnyio rpaAimmo paccxaaunaHHa, Weo6pa3 paccKa3>iHxa co6uth0 aaiiHMaer Beaymee mccto h nepejana noc- Tynxos, nepejKHsairaft repoes ocaemeHa apxHMH3'iomioiiaAMibiMH oAeaxa.Mii HBropa. PacKpbiBan ({KipiiHpoBaHHa >ieAOBe>iec.Kofi ahtoocth bo ®3aHMOOTOoine- ihh c oSmecTBeiuioH opeAoil, MyifaHOB npaBHAbiio oueimBaer co6uthh c no3HAHft MHpoB033poHHH coBeTCKoro imcaTe.™. Oh A aer r.iydoKo ncHxoAo- tTOHpoBaHHbiii ofipa3 uempa.ibHoro repoa H xaK 6u >iepe3 ero BocnpHHTHe
phcvct MHororpamiyio raAepeio npSACTSBHTeAeft TpyaoBoro cioiauppoe..(ICHHOCTH, Ma«ax C . MyKSBOBa, Oyw> to poMaH o nponuioM hah o o6pa3M TpyweiiHKOB, buxoahcb ns «npofiy>K;ieniioM npae» MycpenoBa HapoAa, hbahiotch ueiiTpa.ii aiioBiiTca couHaAbiias Oopboa a y3J!OBblM MOMeHTOMIlOBCCTBOBaHHlX. erOOCKOBOH. » pace „„„ ,.opb6e KacnHfiCKHX pbi6aKOB b oi'xt .iiouHOHHbix JieT, B nepHOA nepBoB MHpouofl BOiiHbi 11 mm flHTC.iwioro Boccraima 1916 roAa. Co6uths paauiiaaiOTcn ycjioBHHx: CoAbUiBucTBO repocH anaMBTejibiioa Bp'eMfl npi ojn.fioS, CoBepuieHHO HOBaa oficraHOBKa HanJiajwnacT OTiieuaioii xapaKrepu repoen, nocroHHHo CBH3aHBbax CopbCoi'i co r KOTopaa aaKa.iaoT bqaio, cumaiHcneT hx b Tpy.iOBOii k<v weaffe Sopiomeroca koaabkthBa c ero enmioft BO-ieii n <v BHOCHT A. Capcea6aeB cbohm poMaaoM. raaaHbifl repoS poMaiia — cuh 6e,onoro puCana Hay. acropHa ero AercKHx h WHOUiecKHX act, paccKa3aini;m mi CTBy h cocrasflsier ckokct noBecTBOBaaaa. B nocAeamie roAbi b «a3axci<0H npose irpoaHo yni i, ipopita noffecTBOBaiHHa ot nepsoro Jirnia. B paccxa3ax Myi<anona, •' Myepe- noBa «Coaabt H3 Ka3axeTaHa», b oiepxax /ipyriix nncar a (jiopMa Kan 6bi opraHHaet-KHoroeaaeT. HauHOHa-ibHoB Tpa.iirmin n n 3SJB3HHH, i'Ae caM paccxasamc — jmacTHHK onHcbmaeMhix K> (Jiop- Maer BeAymee Mecro. Taxoe nocTpoeHHe o6oramavrr nan MypoMaiia, noTOxty ito b aroft TpaAHUHHsajioMceHbi Goami aah rjiyfioKoro npoiiHKHOBCHHH b ncuxoaormo AellCTiiyion ic'iecKoft xapaxTepHCTHKa repoeB pacKpuBaet TOHiafimiie abhxkcii BMecTe c TeM b stoH (popmo noBecTBOBamia ecTb cboi CTopoHU. B KHHrax MvKaHona, Mycpenoea, Capcen6aeBa ; MBHBAHIOTCHnOApOCTKH, II paOCKa3bt OHXKH3HH 3aiIHM310 KHHr. Ho, H3Aaraa coOuthh ot CBoero jraua, sth repow oi -nc-BH-Oc-aC-T-M-eyj-i,-Ba--c-o-c-Bo-pSe-bM-i-eT-Hi-iHa-HH3KKaaax.acHTyiTOToooTrra—3AKKaO0B-ab-m-li,-o->-pr—rohTapheGByrimo cbiBaeT b poMan UHCTHHecKHe CTpaflHiw, paeKpbiBaa cboh oueiiKH, Kan MycponoB, repofl HaaHHaer mpocaoTb Ke no Aeraw, xax y Myicauc AaficTBHaMH B3P0CAMX, npHCAyuiHBaacb KHXpa3roBopaM, Oil iieoiuoxpaT- o HenoHHMaer npOHCxoAHmero, KaK y CapceuOacBU. rAaBHoe o H3o6pawaeMoil snoxe. aeTopu sthx Knur b h3- BeCTHoft Mepe cywireaioT Kpyr aeficTBHH «B3pocAbtx> He TOAbKo iienpepbiBHO ocTaioTcn b noae 3penna iviasHoi KOTOpbie xax-oyATO, boc epesia orAsAbieaioTCfi na Hero. floaroMy Tax aeficT- bhh peBOAK>UHOiiepa.pa6oiero Miixamia HBaHOBHna b poMaHe Hue Ha BOAiiax»: ii oh, h BspocAue ero TOBapHWH OTTecHnioTcsi naaH, a ooHoimoft chaoh b couHajibiioS 6oph6e CTaiiOBsncsi n Apy3b«. B irpoH3BeAeHHHXraxoB (popmu iiyatHo AaTb OoAbiire tau hocth B3pocAbiM nepcouawaM, KOTopue fiu m m H AeflcTBOBaAii caacb c ochobhum repoeM, no He pa3MeHnBa.M 6u hph stom cbohx 60Abumx Mucaefi h nocrynxoB, Mower 6biTb, HHorAa' h h m,e r5P0,°- H0 PacKpuibix bo Bc-eft CBoeft raySmie nepeA Hina HanHcaMHblX B 3TMX >Ke TpaaRHHHX KHHr E rmfin- i A. raflaapa «UlKOAa» roBopHT o mhothx,' BaHHUX Ka3aXCKHMH IIHCaTeAHMH I 33M03KH0CTHX TaKofi ’ (pOpMbl
ilaUHOHajibnaii $opMa xasaxcKofi conercKofi JiHTeparyphi oGoranuiacb bcoBCToKHe roflbi nonoaemicM h paaBHTHSM poMaHa, KOTopwfi He iiMea a eenpoiuaoM Goabuioro a rayOoKoro onhua. XapaxTepH3ysi 3peaocn> xa3ax- ckoh-nirepaTypH cowiajiHCTHiecKoro peajiH3Ma, stot ixaHp noay™ oco- 6oepa3BHTHe b nocjuoooiiiibie ro«bi. 9th iomi xapaKTepH3yi0Tca nomuie- aneMa 6paTCKHX pecny&iuxax CoBercKoro BocToxa h 3axai)Ka3bn TaxHX xpynibix poMaHOB, xax «Pa6n» C. Afimi, dfaBora AB6exa, cJIujui naiuHx l»e8» T. CiJ.'iwxOexoBa, «AmuepoH» M. I'yccefina. «HacryriHT jieiiMM. H6- panmoBa, «Peiuax>WHfi inar» B. Kep6a6awia, «Cecrpbi» A. Myxrapa. B pswy JtyamHX H33thx npoH3BeaeHHfi 3aHHMax>r csoe npoaHoe Mecro poMaraj xasaxcxHx mreaTeneB M. Aysaoiia, C. MyxaHOBa, T. MycpenoBa, f. MycraipHHa. Ecjih a3ep6aS«xtaHCKaH hjih yaficxcxaa -nirreparypa b npomxoM HMe- xacboh pa.iBHTtie TpajumHH b npo3e, to xa3axcxo8 nHTepaType npHiiuiocb coaBaean. hx ywo nocae peBoniomm. Orracrii b CHJiy aroro oficTOsiTejibcraa mm lie Ha6jiK>aaeiMb xa3axcxo8 nprae roil qbcthctocth cthjis. ycjiojKHeH«ocTH ycaoBHbiMH apxaimeoKHMH MSpaaauH, xoroptie b onpeneaeiiHhi8 nepHoa CTaiiOBiuiHCbTopuceoM «a ayth pa3BHTHa HanHonajibiiofi (|>opMbi b paae apyrax jimepaTyp Codctckoto Bo- croxa, HanpHMep TaawHKCxofl. MHorae H3sthx ii3oGpa3inc.'ib]iux cpcacra, s nponwoMOTB'o'iaBiuHe bctothmcckhm 3anpocaM, ncpecrauaaii yaoB-ieiBopsTb Kfipocume oxycbi iHTare.in. Ka3axcxoB npo3e Ha nyTH omiaaemin comia- mcrHiecKHM pcaan3M0M He npmu.Tocb npeoaoaenaTi, iiexoropbix apxaii- wckhx Tpaaiimifi apoBiioaocroHHoro Hacaeactsa, xora Bee we nuue H3 ap- xaaqecKHx Tpaaiimifi noasHH b nee h bouuih. CoBeTCKiifl xaiaxcKiii'i poMan BoaiiHxaer 11 pa3BHBaeTca noa npaiibiM 5-iHaime.Mpyccxnx poMaHHCTOB, occGeHiio -Ibaa Tojictoto, rophxoro, UIo- ■’-0103a, Aaiexcen Toaeroro, <J>aaeeaa. Ocboohhc 6oraTcraa pyccxofi xhtb* paiypu 3axaro'iaeTCH d bocbphhthii xa3axcKHMH npo3aHxaMii ee BeayiUHX ism, HacjieaoBaHmi 11 npoaoaweiiHH ee ayauiHX TpaaHmifl. TeMa PoaHiibi HHapoaa, o6pa3 HeaoBexa rpyaa ococmeau b xa3ax- aeoS npo3e b coorBCTCTBHH c ropbxoBcxiiHH npmmunaMH. Bojituioe 311a- leiuie b CTaiioBaeHHH h pasBHTHH coiwajiHCTHqocKoro peaJiHSMa a nawio- ( jmTepaTypax iencaa, wanpHMep, aaToGiiorpaijiii'iecKaH Tpiiaoriin ropbxoro. TpaaHUHH ropbxoBcxoro aBTo6norpaii>tmia nnoAOTBopiio pa3BH- Baiorca MHOTHMH COBeTCKHMHBHCaTe-TSIMH, lianpHMep, «t>. raaAKOBMM («rio- Bectbo aeTCTBe*, «BoabHHua», xjla xa a ro;wiia»), C. ABhh (<Byxapa»), C. y.Tyr-3a;ie («yTpo Hauiefi jkh3hh»). Ka3axcxHH imcarejib C. Myxaiios miner aBTo6Horpa<|)H>iecKHe paccxa3bi «UlRMa wh3hm», b xoropux aejiaer nonuTxy ocBemTb npoiu.ioe CBoero Hapoaa b ayxe ropbxoBCKHX rpaaiuiuft. Xora nxcaTejib naer bo mhotom ewe no nyra BiieuiHero noapawaaHH h He- KOTopuMero paccxa3aM HeaocTaeT rayfloKax comia.ibHUX oaeiiox «cbhhuo- bo8 Mep3ocm» npoiu.icro, ijiaKT Henocpercraeaiioro oGpaiuemia x ropaxoBc- khmnpoHSBeaeHHHM (Ha npHMepe paccxasoa C. MyxaHOBa) b TBop-iecxoft yneOe xaaaxcxHx nxcarcaefi neMa.ioBaixeii. B poiaane r. MycpenoBa «Coji- aar H3 KaBaxcraiia., rae noBecTBOBaHHe Beaerca or nepBoro .ixiia reposi, npaeM aBTo6Horpa0H3Ma ocnaiiBaeTCa TBopiecxH h oooramaeTca hobmmh
o repos b rsyfioKHx cbh3hx c OKpywaioiireft aapoaHofi cpeaoB. <J>op- PyropbKOBOKHe MUC.11I o oejiHKoS paflocTH co3HflaTejiBHoro rpyaa, noa- Kpeiyioinibre ontiTOM counajiHCTHfecKOil aeflcTBHTejibiiocrH, ropbKOBCKHM ryMaini3MOM, ropbKOBCKas «TpeTbS AeficnJirreAbHOCTb* Aewar b ocuoBe Has- 6oaee 3Ha«HTejibiujx npoH3BeaeHnft .Ka3axcKOfi npo3bi. T'BopsecKH ocBaiiBaioTcfl KasaxcKofi npo3ofi xyAowecTBemibie npiiewu TopbRoro. Tax, sanpsMep, hctophs Tpex noKo.TcHHft xHUHiHKOB-yriieraTe- aeiSb HCTopH'iecKiix poManax M. Aya30oa noKa3biBaeT He mibKO iix iibipoa- AeHHe, Mopa.-ibHoe naacirae, ho h poct b KawflOM hobom noKoaciiim eren- Horo fiaiicTBa 6e33aciensHBOCTH b SKCn.'iyarauHH TpyAHiHHXCH, poor hii'icm He npmtpbiBaeMoro scaoBGKOiieiiaBHCTHHsecTBa, rpy6oro HaciiABS11npoinnoAa. OcBoetiHe ropbKOBCKoro npneMa — noxa3 bahhhhh iicnyccTBa H Aiirepa- rypu Ha (popMHpoBanne xapaKTepos repoeB — ocoCcmio tmiiiuw) MJia Kaaaxc.Koft np03bi, tcm 6cwiee, uto sto oprammecKH OTBe'iacr iiamiciia.ibHOH TpaAHUHH-' ak>6bh k necHe, ycraoMy TBop'iecToy, HCKyccTBy HMnpomi3auHH. BosbuiHHCTBO rio.io*HTejibHbix repoeB b Ka3axCKoii npo3C iiaiUTWBaeT 6-iaroTBOpnoe B.iHsime KKHr, ak>6ht h 3HaeTo0pa3uu HapoaiioroTBop'iecTBa. XapaKTepno, hto imcaTenH no/mepKiisaioT b ochobhom jno6oBb K pvcckhm KHHraM— npoH3BeaeHHSMflyuiKWHa, JlepwoHTOBa, ToACToro. OcBoeimc ropb- KOBCKHXTpaAHUHS HJipHCMOB nOMOi aeT HOBBTOpCKH npOSBIITbCS XVAO/KCCT- BEHHOMy MacTepcrBy Ka3axcKiix nHcaTeaefi, HcxyccTBy pacci<a3UBainiH. oco- 6eHH0 y C. MyKaHOBa. ripH3bIB Topbicoro OCBOHTb HapOAHOe TBOp'ieCTBO Iiauic.1 JKHBOl'i OTKAHK y nHcareaefl Bcex HansoHajibHocTefi; oh xax 6h cooTBCTCTBOna.i BiiyTpeH- HHM3ai(OHOMepHOCTSMpa3BHTHH 6paTCKHX AHTepaTyp, KOTOPUO BUpor.Ilf H3 ycTHoro HapoAHoro TBopsecTBa, rAe 6ojibiuyio pojib iirpaeT neciis. IIe.ib3n nojiHo H npaBAHBO noxa3aTb napoA 6e3 ero necnn, 3ane‘iaTAeBaioiuen ua- poaHyfoAymy. 6e3 ero acreTH'iecKHx ouenoKaeficTBHTeAbHOCTH. necnn conyr- crBOBaAH h conyTCTByiOT Bcefl >kh3hh xa3axcKoro iiapo;ia, oakoR 113 nauno- Ha.ibiiux lepx Koroporo jin.meTcs noswiecKaa OAapeHHOCTb. flosTOMy He roBopHTb 06 sto0 MepTe b ee KOHKpeTHbix npoaBAennHX— 3na«iHAO lie KpbiBaTb BajKHoe h cymecTBeHHoe b xapaxrepe napoAa. HapoflHocTb a parypu BKAiO'iaeT b CBoe noHSTHe h Hcno.ii>30BaHne TpaAHiraB y'CTiio-no3Tn- secKoro HapoAHoro TeopuecTBa. C. Ahhh, C. MyxaHOB h Apyrae HHcaTe.iH, yxacb y ropbKoro npneMa.vi HcnoAb30BaHBS HapoAHoro TBopsecTBa, cnocoC- , ctbomah pa3BHTHio CBoeft poAiiofl AHTepaTypu. y>ieoa y TopbKoro lie Mower CBOAHTbcs x noApawaHmo hah xomipoB hhw, a rpeSyer, npewje Bcero, H3o6paweima AeficTBHTeAbHOCTH, hctophm ckoh hah coBpeMeaHofi, no-ropbKOBCKH npaBAHBO, peajiHcni'iHo. Hcno.ib3 saime HauHOHaAbHbixTpaATOHfi b o6o6xueHHH MaTepnaAa c ropbKOBCKiix n SBHHfl 06ycAOBAHBaeT HOBaropcTBo MHorHX iiauHonaAbitbix micaTOAeil b m OCpaSOB<|,OPMaX0TPasieull!1 AeSCTBHTeAbHOCTH, B C03A3HHH XyAOWeCTBOHHUX r.m,iJepeaOBaH pyccKa'1•BHTepaTypa BcerAa HBAsnacb MoryiHM HCTot'HHKOM npHKacaHCb k KoropoMy cawoGbiTHHe Hamiona.ibHbio TapianTbi ofiaeTarn. GoAbinyio cHAy h Kpacoiy. Ho pyccKan AHrepaTypa HHKorAa He noiamma CBO6OAOAIO6H0, peBOAielOTUoHAObHKHoOCoTr 3aAo*eiiuux euie KAacci HaHH3Ma H Apy«6bl
C Apyrofi CTopoiiu, SparexHe JinrepaTypu pacxpbraaioT nepea pyccxofi coBeTCKOil /iHrepaTypofl miipoKHc bo3mo» kocth B3aHMHoro o6oraiueHHB. CKOJibKo SoraTbix xpacon rorepajia 6u pycotaa .iinepaTypa, ecjia 6u riyui- KTO, JlepMOHTOB, T0TO,7b, TOACTofi, KopCUeHKO, ropbKKft He HCn0.1b3OBa.7H mothbob, o0pa3OB, TeMH3JKH3HHapynix uapOAOB, He oiiHpa;incbfiub cbogm pa3BHTHH He TtwibKO»a pyccxnfi cpojibiuop, ho H Ha ipoabMop apyrax Ha- pOflOB. Ka3axcKHe micaTe.ni oihpoko Hcnaib30BaaH flocraHceHHH pyccxofi jih- ■reparypbi. OcBaimaa to, hto 6u.io hctophtockh co3ByiHO KaiwoHaAbHoft xy.ibType, oGorauia.ioee h.ih pa3BHBaaoeerpaAHHHK, ohh yrBepJKjaJiHb jih- TepaType ee coiiiia.wcrH'tecKoe coaepwaime h Hai(iioHa.ibHO-caMO(jMTHyio $opMy. Poct MacrepCTBa niicaie-ieft CpaTcxiix napoxoB b 3HamrreabHoS Mepe onpeaejiHJicH bahhkhcm pyccxofi jmrepaTypu, bociipiihthom eeay<minx pea- jiHCTHiecKHX TpaaHimii, Koropbie ycBaHsaancbxasaxcxofl h ApyriiMii namio- B TBopiecxofi yiefie, b ocbochhh fioraicTBa pyccxofi .iimparypij He- waaoe 3Ha>ieHne HMeeT nepeBOA xyAOJKecraeiinbJx npOH3Be,-eHnfi nymioma, Tojicroro, rorojia, UiojioxoBa, OajeeBa, .leoiioea, Cepac|)HMOBima, H. Oct- poBcxoro Ha xaaaxcxHfi H3ux, xoTophiii oCoraTHJicsi b ycaoBHtix pa3BHTHH couHajiHCTHqecxofi xyatTypu, craji cnocoSennepeaaBaTb r.iy6oKne<jm.Toeod>- cxHe MucjiH, coxpoBeiiiibie flBH»eiiHH avium 'leHOBexa, co3/iaoaTb tohkhc ncHxoaorHHecxHe nopTpeTbi. rioBopot x BonpocaMeoBpeMeriHOCTii, TBopxecxaH y>!e6a y pyccxHXmi carecieii, peaaiicTtiiecKoe macrepcTBo oppe.ac.in.nn iwefiHo-xyflojxecTBennyio 3peaocTb nocjieBoeHHofi xa3axcxofi npo3w. OHa Haxonii.ua 3a jtot nepno.i H3Becmbie xyAOwecTBeHHbie 6oraiCTBa. Hckvcctbom nciixo-’ioni'iecKoro nopr- pcra repoeB c Co-uhihm ycnexoMOB.iapCBa.i M. Ay330B. OrpameaHe ayxOB- hotoo6jiHxa xawAoro h3 repoeB apxo 3aire<raT.i<Miacrcii y Hero b AHHaMHxe pocra, b nocxynxax, b nopTperHoft xapaKiepHcraxe. HcKJiio'iiiTe'ibiiyio ponb b HHAHBHAyaaH3auHH ofipapOB pOMaiiOB Ay330Ba HrpaeT pcicnaa xapaxxe- pHCTHxa. B 3tom njiaxenoxa3aTeAbHbi, nanpHMep. BiirneBaTue HH0cxa3aHH» KyiiaH6an, Koropuii KpywHT BOxpyr uenHcbobh pe>iH, xax scrpefi Boxpyr Aofibiia; CMe-ibie, aumauuie rHeuoM, npflMue, .TaxoHHUHbie penn Ba.aapajibi; nomine rjiy6oxorocMhicna c noSTHiecxHMHcpaBHCHHHMii 6eceAKA6aa. Xa- paxTepHo jum craasM. Ay330Ba yMenaenepeAaBaib MeTxocxea'ieiniue pea- PHCTHiecxHe Hera.™. TaxoBO, HanpHMep, onncaiine camhctbchhoro rjiaaa KyHaHOaa, nopTpenian aerapb, c noMombio xoropofi aecaTKH pa3noAxepxH- BaxiTca caMue pa3Hoofipa3Hbie HacTpoeiina repoa poMana. TaxoBU 3aeiiHui.ne Hioanbi b xocax TorwaH, xoropbie aonomiaiOT ee nosTHnecxHii oOpaa. Taxo- Bbl BCClMbH lepTH B OdlHXe XHWHOrO VTHeTaTe.Hl A3HM6aH. CTHjib CaOiira MyxaHOBa xapaKTepH3yerc>i OoJibiUHM HcxyccTBOM pac- cxa3biBaHHH, yMejiuMHcnoPb30BaiiiieM b cioaere BCTaBnux hobcp-t. riHca- Tejib CTpeMHTca x AeficTBeHHoMy AHaaory h aaxoHH'iHoft 4>pase. I aCaxMycpenoBo6oramaeT xa3axcxyionpo3y poMaiiTHiecKHnpHnoAHH- Tofi uanepofi hmowchhh, ahph3mom ny&muHCTmecKHXoOofiuieiiHil. ToHKHfi lOMop, yMeme HHAHBHAyaAH3HpoBaTb repoes oraHHaior ero MaCTepcTBO. CxHAbero HpoH3BeAeHiifr, ocofieHHO «npo6y«AeHHoro xpaa», ray6oxoo6pa3- Hblfi, KpaCOHHblfl. HaCUUieilHUH CaMOfiMTHUMHXVAOHCeCTBeilHHMHCPeACTBa- mh, 3tot poMaH bo mhotomoOoramaet xa3axcxHfi .iHTeparypiioS H3bix.
TaSHfleH Myera<t)HHBomeji b Ka3axcKyio nocjiCBoemiyio npoay co siiaMH- TeJTbHbiMHnpoH3BeaeHHHMH Ha coBpeMeHHue TOMbi. PeajiHcrmccKasi nanepa ero noBecTBOBamin oTJiHwaeren ripaBjirebiM oTpaaceuneM hobux OTHOUieHiiii jnoaefl. yi3faiK poMaHos JiHiueH KpacHBOcrefl, BHiypHOCTet.. ero oraunaeT xy- ao*ecTBeHHafl o6pa3Hocrb. MycTa<i>HH yaa<mo iiaxo/wr yOeSKTejibHoe Bon- aomeHHe Mhicaeii, laaimfi, qyBCTBOBaHHft TpyaoBoro ncaoBena, i;o;’;o3HHKa, paGonero B hx peaax—Aiiaaorax. HoBue mhcjih, HOBoe HHpooiay:r:?HHe coseTCKoro aeaoBeKa oh BbipawaeT jiaKOHJWHWM, MeTKHM nauxoM, xcts ct- aeabHue peun,inBbi Harypajjii3Ma b ero npoH38eaeiiHHX b H3BecrHofi CTeneHii yMeaoe coieTairae ii3o0pa3iiTC-jrbHnx cpeacrB, oGycaon.ieimbix uo mho- roM TpaaHUHSMH yciHoro TBopaecTBa, c tohhumh peajiBCTinieCKilMH aapu- cobkbmk, noprpeTKHMH xapaKTepncTHKaMii, rayCoKHM npoHiiKiion-ciiiieM b ayxoBiibifi mhp repoeB H0Ka3bmaeT, hto Beayiwie Ka3axcKHe np03aiiKii iiflyx no nym rjiyGoKoro OBnaaeHHH xyaowecTBeHHbiM MacrepciBOM. .'lyumie npoH3BeaeHHa Ka3axcKofi JiHTepaTypu CBiiaeieabCTByioT 06 yjie.ioM iicnoab- 30B3HHH nucaTBaaMB ycTHoro napoaHoro TBopnecTBa, TpaaimHfi AOaa, jnrre- patypHoro Hacaeans Haiaaa X X Bexa. r.iaBHbie npo&ieuii nocjicBoeiinofl K33axcKOil jurrepatypu crasn-rcs BOCHOBHOM Oo.lbluofi np030fi: pOMaHBMH H IIOBeCTHMH. B 9TOM OTHouieiiHH 3HaHtiTeabHo OTcraroT raxHe ee xcanpu, nan paccna3 h onepK. 3a nocae.tmie roau onyfijwKOBaHH paccxaau h onepiui C. Myica- HOBa, A. CapceH6aeBa, I\". CaanoBa, C. Beraamia h flpyrux na aKTya/ibiiue teMbi, orpa/naiomne cerojiiinumiH aenb iiameii crpaitH, H3aiiny cCophhkh TaaaHTaHBHX paccKa30B C. ObiapoBa «Cnaa BpeMCHH* («3anaH Kyuii», 1949), C . BerajiKua «Paccna3H» (1957), M. HMaHwaiiona «3naKOMaa ae- ByniKa* («TaHbic KM3», 1952) h «Mon jnofiOBb* . («Menin Maxa66aTUM» 1957) h ap. BawHefimefi reMoB coBeTCKofi aHTeparypbr, aa'iHiiaTeaHMH KOTopoft cra- an micaTejiH Ka3axcTaHa, aunaocb ocBoemie coBeTCKHMH asoabMH ucvI hhkux h aaaewHbix aeMe.ib. 3ra TeMa npomo CBSWiiBaaacb c H3o6pa;KeHHe\\i kh3hh pecnyGaHKH, h Ka3axcraHCKHe nHcaiejin cTpeMiwmcb iimpoxo h MHororpaiitio ocsenrrb ee b pa3JiHHiibix atanpax. B Kasaxcrane Gu.-ra co3aa- \"a nepBan nbeca o ueamie H. Anona h 51. IllTefiHa — «rio Beieiiara cepa- ua», MHoroqHcaeHHbie CTHxoTBopHWe nporaBeaeHKs, Bunymeiiu TeMa’’\" \" ” cane cOopiiHKH «Ha xycTaHaiicKofi ucamic*, «HacTyrr.-ieiine iia iiejiHii’ opHrifua.'ibHbiMH onepKaMH b uoiiTpanbiioB n pecnyOaiiuancKoil nenara TynHJiHC. MyKaHOB («B poflHOM Rpaio». eCTennwe Apy3tn», «Ha nejmne») M. Ay330B («HoBaa Becna KaaaxCTaHa», «Tax poxcaen TypnecraHa) 11. UIvxob («Ha uejiHHHbix3eMJiax», tCTapowHJibi noaunTofi ueaiiHU», «riep- oaa 6op03aa» h flpyrwe), a Taiuxe T. Mycpenoa, I'. CaaHOB, C. OMapoa A IlypuianxoB, T. HypTa3HH. Ka3axOTHCKHe nncaTejiH nepeue coana.iH -MCPKOB 0 iK.iHiie. B MocKBe Bbmiaii cCophhkh «PacuBeTafi, p ... ” H. lliy- OjhoB H3 Beayuwx nocaeBoemoB npo3u aBJinerca oipajKem
Jpy*6u HapoaoB, 6paTCKoro coApyjKecTBa c b&iihkhm pyccKHM HapoaoM, pyKOBOjameft pojih pyccxxx jnoAeii b Tpyne h 6opi>6e 3a KOMMynn3M, hx no- xoiaa xa3axcKOMy Hapoay. Oanaito C03.wne o6pa30B npeacraBmenefi CparcxHXnapoflOB, moSpaaceHHe wh3hh Apyrax nauHOHaabxocTcii, iicnoab- WBaBKe fioraToro xyabiypHoro HacjieAHH 6parcr;iix napoAOB eme He ncuiy- smoaaianoro Mecra bxa3axcxoh cobotckoS npose. IloKaa Baefiiioro bjihsihhsi nepeaoBux npeaeraBHTejiefi pyccKoro aapoaa raTpyaamMxcH Ka3axoB, crrpcM.icHHe BomiontTb b repoax xyaowecTBciiHUX Ejciraeaeimfi aynume KailBOHajibHfaie nepTupyccxoro napoaa, cnenarbraaa- wi ynop Ha noaowHTejibHfcie o6pa3U pyccKHXaioaefl xapaxTepiiH a.ia noc- .XBoeBHofi Ka3axcKOH npoau. 3na>iHTeabHoe Mecio otboahtch npa aroM no- H3y.wiHofi apyatCupyccKHXHxasaxoB. TaKoii flpyjxGofi CBSrcaiiucobctckhc b» hhbpOMaHax «CoaaaT 113 Ka3axcraHa», «Kyp.iHHjnn», napropr Mefipau Ox&poBb HaiaabHHK erpoKreabCTBa IU,ep0aKOB b «KaparaHae», xojixo3hhk CupCaSii HHKeHep rio.neBofl b poMawe «Cbip-flapbn», SuBuiHil MaTpoc Mu mp HBanoBHMh xacnHiicKHe puOaxii b pouane «Po>i!AeiiHbie iia Bo.niiaxs. BoranbiS AyxoBHbia Miip repoeB npoaBaaeTca b ryiyOoxoMyBaKemiH x pyccKoSjiHrepaType, crpeMJieHHH HayisiTb pyccxafi srabiK. Tepon <KypaaH- Jim>noapawaioT riaBay Kopiarany, repoa xuiirH«CoJwaT «3 Ka3axcraHa» oepea6oeM BciiOMHHaiOTnaTpHOTHnecxne cthxhJlepMOHTOBa, aeayiu«a-6pH- WHph3 «Cup-ilapbH» tHTaer ToJicroro. Oauaxo b poMaHax h nosecTHx iscoBpeMeHHyio TeMy B03jeiicTBae pvcckoBAHTepaTVDbi Ha (popMiipcraaHiie «npoB033peHHH hx repoCB pacxpuBaeircH eme iicHXO.norH'iecxH iierayCoKo. saaimejibHo cjiafee, ten »ro caejiano b HcropHxecKHX poManax M. Ays3o- *a«ASaB» hah C. MyxaHOBa «BoTaro3». Mepe3 CXCM3TH3Mh OAHofioKOCTb b H3o6pa»eHHH xapaKTepoB, a nopoii « mihBkh (o6pa3 flo.ieBoro b nepsofl peaaxuHH «Chip-/laph>i») npo3BHKH HWx pea.iHcnmecKOMynoxa3y npeACTaBHTeaefi 6paTCKHX Hapojos, hnpe»c- * Bcero— pyccxoro. B xa3axcKHX K0Jix03ax n-ieiOM k naeny tpyahtch ipexcTaBHTejiii MHorax iiauHOHajibHOcreft, h hxTpyaoBoe coApywccrBo—Be- JCfflaateMa b Ka3axcMX powaHax o Koaxo3ax (eCup-ilapba* «IlpnBOJibe» HyxtHo oTMCTHTb, MTo iioao6ho TOMy, nan b fipaTCKiix AHrepaTypax Aa- sho6pa3bi MHorHX npeflCTaBHTeaeft pyccxoro iiapoAa, y pyccxxx coBercKHX XBrepaiopoB Taxxie HMeerca HeMa.no HHTepecHtix hkht o ikhshh spyrnx iia- P»10B, b HacTHOcra xa3axcKoro. H.ipoahhS axhiH Xl>KaM6ya cra.i repoeM XBoixxnosTHiecxHX npoi'3Be.ieHnfi, a Taxwe poMaHa n. Ky3fteuoBa tWvio- KKHaxoAHT ciacThe», o6pa3Mbohhob K33axoBbobuih b itbecy Kopiiefi'iyi<a '\"•poBn, noBecTb A. Bexa «BonoKOJiaMcxoe mocce» h Apyrne; ofipasu xa- aaxcxHx6eaHHX0B co3AaHbi b HCTopniecxoMpowane H. Anoaa «Ax-MeneTb»; e cro poMane «Kpw.n-,a necHii* noKa3anu axMHM h anrepbi Awpe Komay- **»• Hca BaSsaxoB, Maflpa: b powane A. CHeraiia «B ropo.tie BepaoM* mu BcrpenaencH c iipeACTaiiiiTe.-iflMH Kaaaxcxoro napofla.
3BTo6Horpa<J)HiecKoro >k . MyKanoua, ttopo naiueii CaMiooTBep>wKeeHHHHOOMMy -rj \" J nocBHiuenbi poMann ISamupoRi fnlaepp»b.aT*eMMayKkaoH-ioxeoas,iio«iJoIkioc>aathhpohhii-aiuiix aneib CbiawK6eKOBa, «Berep 3u.iotoS (*3eMJiH 3e.TiPiiaa», «ripocBeT b Ty'iaxj),’ a a3ep0aii/OKanci<mi iiiicare.'Il. C. ParaMOB («UlaMo»). 3to coBnaaemie cBaaeTeabCTByeT o MHoroo6pa3Hn cmiaeii iiaiuiix OpaT- i3ho8 JiHTepaTypbi. Comia.uieTWie- ckhx jinreparyp b paMKax eaaHoa yp, B KOTopwx riapa.i-ie.ii.no pa3- paCaTi-JBaioTcn Te turn Hiiue tcmu, oOoramaercn caMoObJTiibiMii o(5pa3aMii, Kcn(|i/iMKTaMH, toikoh 3pe»HH nacaTejia Ba H30(j])a>KaeMbie cauunia, uto aa- er uikmi k riOHHMaHHio cneumpHKH, KOTopaa (xpoMe si3biKa| orjiimacr oany Hii'woaajibHyio jimepaTypy ot apyroi). B stom upoitecce o6wecoio3!iaa eaa- Haa .-DBeTCKaa aarepaTypa oOoramaeTcs oumtom ecex HauaoHajibiibtx jih- lepaTyp, n oco6eHH0 r.iyGoKO a ouiyTMMO, Koraa BO3HHKai0T napaji/ienbiibie ecpckh nHcareaa b onpoae.’ieHiioii t€mc. B TaKOM TBop'iecKOM copeBiio&atiHH SpaTCKHx jiHTepaTyp, b HaKonacHHH KOJiaexTHBHoro omrra oOoraiaaerca Me- T&fl couHajiHCTHiecKoro peaan3Ma, craHOBsrrcfl 6ojiee MHoroo6pa3iiuiMn c|iop- Mbi no3ra>-:ecKoro BoiwomeHaa eaaHoro coimajmcTH'iecKoro coaepwamiH. foBopa o cneuaitiHKe Ka3axcKoro poMana, mmcaaraeM, vro, BOcnpiiiiUMaa or pyccKOfl jiHTCpatypbi ammaocTb, hckvcctbo ricHxojioni'iecKoii mothbhpob- kh aeficTBHft repoeB, oh b to we opeMa o6oramaeT coBercxyio wrepaTypy ocoOcmiocTii.MH cBoeS o6pa3iioii cacreMU a noCTpoeHHa koih))-ihktob. jRp- KOCTb H3o6pa>KCHHa csssii napoaa a xyaowiiHKa b poMaae «A6afi» HMeer cepbe3iioe 3HaaeiiHe ana pyccKoS cOBeTcxoft JiarepaTypu, b KOTopoii TeMa KCxyccTBa b ero OTHOiueHaa k aapoay saHRMaer 6ojibiuoe Mecro. B3£HMoo6orameHiie a B3aHMOBjmaHHe OpaxCKax JiHTepaTyp HiuineTCH Bawi'biM (paKTCpoM b pa3BHTHH MuoroHauHOHajibKoS coBeTCKoii BHTepaTypjii Ha coBpeMeHHOM STane. H stot npouecc nopowaaeT HOBue Ka'iecTBa, Ha- npHv.ep, b waupe coBercKoro HCTOpaaecKoro poMaHa. 3 tot waiip o6ora- maerca 33Me4?.Tejibiioit Tpaamiaeft b H3o6paxcenaH npouwioro, Koropaa cao- WHJiiCb b CpaTCKax jimepaTypax a OKa3breaeT cboc bjihhuhc na pyccuift HcippircecKHfi poMan. OHa aaKaamaerca b noxa3e lipoiujioro iioj yraoM 3pe- hhh rrporpeccHBuofi pojmpyccKoro Hapoaa, pyccaoft KyjibTypu, pyccKOfi ae- McxpstimecKoft nHTeji.niireHu.HHb hctophmcckhx cyabOax HapoaoB named Po- Ha.n.Hbix JiHTepaTyp. ofipamaiOTCH k H3o6pa*e.iiHio jkh3- acropaiiecKyio Hacaeaya njioaoTBopmjfi ohut iiamia- lAK-MeneTb* o AoCpoBoabHOM npw- aaBepiauieHaHH kotopoto uaiKHyio pu.iii
carpanAKMenercKHft noxoa pyccKHx bo0ck b 1853 rofly, h n. Ky3HeuoBa Aioaen uaxoAHT cvacne* o bcjihkom Ka3axcKOM aKbnie /J*an6y.ae xa- paKrepmyroT sth cioiaauBaioimiecH HOBbie top™ BcoBeTCKO0 HCTopHKoxy- josecreeHHoii_JiHTepaType. 3th npoH3Be.aeHHfl tiBaaiOTCfl oahhmh H3 neo- BaxbpyccKofl coBCTCKOfl .'UircpaType o AopeBO.nomioruioft hctophh xasax- csoraHapoaa. H HecoMiieHHO, hto aoTopu onupajiiicb Ha TBop'iecKHHonbrr TaxoronacaTeJia, KanAv33ob c ero anonecfi 06 A6ae. hctophtcckh npaBaii- bopacKpuBiueS ncHxo.ionno Kapoaa. ero )KH3Hb, OopbSy, HauHOHaabHue ipaaaaaHh Mopa.ibHue vctoh. KaaaxcKaa npo3a b nocaeBoeKHUft nepnoa cranoBHTca BeaywHMwaH- poa,3HaiHTPjibHo o6oramaa jimepaTypy nona30Mwh3hh b ee peBoaiouHOH- HCXP33BHTHH, yTBepWiieilllCM MHpHOrO C03«MTe<TbHOro TpyxM, CtBflaHHeM no.iOTBTeai.HOro repoa-6opua. yTBcpwaaioiuee Haiaao, KaK ociiOBiianbhiihb PbsbbthbaefiCTBHg h xapaKTepoo repoeB, o6yc.roBAHBaeTCH b Heft npHHiw- oaxa cOHHaaHCTH'iecKoro peajwaMa. nC33H0> BaoxHOBJieiiHbie bcahkhmh noABuraMH coBercKoro napoaa s fiopbfie 3a awpoeHHe KOMMyiiHCTmecHoro oOweCTBa Ka3axcKHe hosth oftoraraiiH b nocxeBoeHHbie roau poAiiyio anTeparypy 3iia'WTe.ibiib(MH npoa3BcaeHHHMH. TayfioKoBTopraacb b jKioiib Hapo/ia, 3aHHToro C03naaTCJibiibiMTpyaoM, ohh BapnayCJIHpHtecKHMHcraXOTBOpeHHSMH, OTOSpawaiOmHMH MHPiiyiOXKII3Hb cobctckhx jiioaefi, coajaiOT CoabHiHe ciowerHue iiobmu. B nocneBoeimoft KUaXCKOHII033HH OCHOBHOe MCCTO3aHHM3E0T DpOK3BeXieHHfl Ha TeMy COBpe- MaiiocTH, Hauiefl couHajiHcrmecKoft acfieraHieabHOCTH. Ochobhumh nep- iammeftHO-TeMaTH'iecKoro pa3BHTHa nocaeBoeimofi Ka3axcKofi no33HHhb- aaeicayTBepoKaeiiiie TBopaecKoro Tpy.ia coneTCKHXaioaeft, 6opb6a 3a mhp bobccmnape, npoc-iaB.ieime reHHa.ibiioro pyxoBOflCTBa napTHHb noerpoe- •Bi K0MMyHI!3Ma, C/lHHCTBa JieHHHCKOrO UK. OcoOemio b noc-iejHHe ro.tu b pe3yabTare 6opb6u napTHHnporaBityoib- HJiiWHocTii h ero nocaeacraiift acuo nyBCTByercH, ira nosTbi peiimreabHono- Bepuy.iHcbjihhom k H3o6paweiiHio >kh3hh bo Bce0 noaiHore, c ee nporaBope- Wmb, c ee Miioroo6pa3i!biMn aPamathacckhmk kcuuih3hhmh. k rjiyfioKoniy pacxpiiTHio xapaKTepa hoboto MeaoBeKa. Hapofl cTaji rjiaimtJMrepoen jiirrepaTypu. B npoH3BeaeiiHHXnoc.ieuoen- bo8xa3axcKO0 nosswii Hapoa He mnbKO BbUBiiraeT H3 cBoeft cpeau HHHUHa- Obhux h TajiaHT-THBbix juoaeft, oh noKa3aH xax peiuaroman flBH*yiuaa ck- « HcropHH. npHpoaa b sthx npoH3Beaei(H0x raiOKe H3o6pa*aerca jxhbo h ®«oaho. Cojiime CBeTBTTax. xax oho aeftcTBKnuibHO cbctht. Pei®, oaepa. •Mg Hjieca— cjiobom, bcc to, hto mu iiasuBaeM poAHiioft, npiioSpeTaeT “moHenoBTopHMyio Tenaory, 6jih3octl, oiapoBamie. 3a 3th roflbi 6buio H3flaH0 HecKOJtbKOKoaaeKTHBHbix nosTHHecKHXc6op- usob: .CojmeHHbift aeHb> (1949), «ro.noc Ho.io.ibixs (o/Kacrap aaycbi*. JW9). «necHH MooioAOcm («>KacThiK wupbi», 1951), «roxoc MHpa» (*BeS6iniiljiiK W cu», 1951), ‘ Map b iiaseiKHb.x pyKax»_ (.BeftSiraibHK *epiKxojiaa», 1952), «Boara — J1oh» («EAin-floH», 1952), «fla 3ApaBCT- *!'« Mup» («Befi6iTiiii.iiK «acacb(H», 1953), «Hapo4Hue aKbinns (<tXa- aKHHnapbi., 1953), «nPHi.eT Te6c, yKpa.iHa» («CajieM caraH VKpaH- «», 1954) «K)Hoe cepaue* («>Kac wvpex», 1956), «Ctoxh o JIeHHHe>
. n„„,m Tvoa^u e.ie!iaep>, 1957), «necim, powACHHue na ue-wne* («T uh- MiyraH wup», 1957), MHorcimaieHiiue cSopiihkh MaOpaiiHUX npoiiaBMesii'S BHaHCihuHX npeaciaBaxeaeg Kaaaxcxofi coBeiCKOfl no93HH: Tanpa }Kapoico- AMaHwoaoBa, Acxapa ToXMaraM<5eTOBa, IaAH OpMa.ioea, A 6- jMilau TawHOaeiia, Xaanwana 6cxxo>xHKa, >KyMarajm Camia, A«y Cap- MHOaeBa, flaxana ASiweBa. Hx xy-SOweciBCHHue iipoMBMeHiisi o6>caobh- .ih hobwH no;roCM KaaaxcKOil no93HH. B noc-ieBoeiiHhic r<wu b JiHTepaTypy uoiiien 6ojitmo8 OTpxa lanaHTAH- bux mojioaux noBTOB. M»orne hs hhx HMex>TnwHe b cbobm tbop-ibckom aii- THBe no rpn-narb c6ophkkob cthxob. Pba moaoaux hobtob, npnuiejuBHX b xa’ axcxyio no33Hio nocae boShu, apxo npoaBHJi cboh AapoBamia, hosth- lecxyio HHABBaavaabHOCTb. y XaMHTa EpraaneBa ( poa. 1916 r.) Bbimao nnTb coophhkob cthxob. EronosMbi npHBjiexaAHcaMoe npucrajibiioe BHHMaHae urraTeneft ii xpirriiKOB co3aaHHhiMH b hhx o6pa3aMH no.ioxiHTcjibnijx repoeB Haiunx Aiiefi, npaBAH- BbiMii KOHcpJiHKraMHhoboto co cTapMM. Cbip6aft MayaeHOB (poa. 1922 r.) — asrop uiecTH iiosth'icckhx c6ophhkob, b Koropbix oh noKa3a.i cefis Kan toh- khA jmpHK. Oh b-towh.i mhoto rpyaa b to, hto6w H3oGpa3mi> Hapo.Tiiyra wii3Hb b 3PHMUX, rjiySoKHxoGpaaax, 3aneaaTaeTb ee b Taaanx.'niiiNx .nipme- ckhx crpoHKax. I\"Io3TJKyOaH Myjuara.meB (poa. b 1920 r.) lie TOAbKO pac- xpH.i cboh 6oJibimte B03MOWHOCTH B tio.iHTH'iecKOH jihphkc, ho H Hamicaji opHraiiaabnue jiHpHaecxae nosMU. B Kaaaxcxoii iio33hh npo3By>iaan h ro.no- ca nosTOB My3ac)iapa A-nmOaeBa, Toxauia BepAiiapoBa h Carbmra.ni Cew- Tona, aBTopoB npoiisaeacHHfi Majibix noynmecKiix ipopM. Ohh C03aaaHBbipa- 3«reabHue JiHPHMCCKnecthxh. OahoA H3 BawnefmiHX npoSaeM b pa3BHTn» HauHOHanbHoS xa3axcKO0 no33HH hbahiotch nepeBOAu, kotophc caymaT iie TOJibKO TBopiecxoft ihko- Jiofi MacTepcTBa, ho h jimgiot orpoMHOe 3iia'ieinie b npouecce B3aHM0B,nin- I1HHH B3aHMOCBH3H COBeTCKHX AHTepaTyp. CfiopHHKH cthxob xa3axcKHX nosTOB K. AMaHXKwoBa, T. Xapoxoaa, T. OpuaHOBa, A. Ta»H6aeBa, JK. CaHHa, X. EprajiHena, C. MayaeiioBa h Apyrax BbimjiH b nepeBoae Ha pvcckhh srabw b AjiMa-ATe n MocKBe. Ohh no3H3KOMHJiHBcecox>3Hyx>o6in,ecTBeHiiOCTbc caMoObinioft mmmecxoS Ky.'ib- Typoll Ka3axcKoro Hapoaa. OnyOJiHKOBamiue Ha pyccKOM H3biKe 9th riposra- BeaeHHa nepeBoaoTCB c pyccicoro Ha stcukh CpaTCKHX HapoAOB CCCP, a Taxwe h 3a pyOewoM h aaBoeBbmaioT urapoxyio nonyAspiiocm BoJibiuoe pa3BHTHe b bth roan nonyiiH.ni nepeBOAbi npoH3BCaeHHi1 bu- aaioinHXCH pyccKHx ncmon hs. Ka3axcKii8 H3MK, ohh noMoraior xa:iaxcKHM iioTraMo6oraiuaTb poAKyio nosamo, o6ycaoBjiHBaioT uiHpOKHe bo3mo>khocth ajib pa3BHTHH noaTHBecKoro MacTepcTua, Oahobpcmghho c H36pamibiMH npoH3BCACHHHMH nyuiKHiia, JlepMOHTOBa, HexpacoBa, MaHKOBCxoro, TBap- AOBCXoro HAPyrnx na xa3axcxHA H3biK nepeBOABTca Ayqnme o6pa3au yxoa- hhckoh, a3ep6aflAwaxcxofi, TaTapcxoB, XHprH3cxofi, T3a>khi<ckoh ii y36eic- CKOHn033HH. MHoroiBcaciiHbie nepeBOAbi na xa3axcKHft h3hk nporpeccHBiiMx 3apy6e*Hux nosTOB o6ora™.3H iiatiKOHa.uiiyK) noarnnecKyio Ky.ibTypv pac- uiHpHAH ee Anana3oH. ' Oahhm H3 3HaiHTc.ibHbix pa3Aejios xa3axcxofi ho33hh flisjiaCTca tbod- BeCTBOHapOAHbIX aKUHOB, KOTOpoe B nOCJieBOeHHbie rOAbl AOCTHrao H3yMH- TeabHOro pacuBeTa. HapoAHue aKUHbi baoxhobchho noror o repoH3Me co- “ ^ KHX 0 HX»y*fCTBe b 6oph6e 3a KOMMymiaM, o hx npsAaHHOcTH Bce6o-?bluee M®CT0HaBHHaeTsaHHMaTb uiHpoxoe. koh- 3WIOTO*, Ul,AKK a0AaTrbuirH.)»)'.1cCTafblAbhHTAH KJepHBMCf,i™exXo3nXa K«H®HeBeHyaiuxAa3,epp6aOaeosTaaio«mBaeH.ioeb no.ie» (.flHKanuibi KU3»), Oxiapa UlMnima «CaaBHhifi Ta6yHiuHK» («iIaHK-
w*miKbiiafci»), Taney KoftjHKOBa «Xne6opo(5 HpreSafl* («Erinmi Ipre- 6ai>) h bo MiiorHX apyrax npoH3Be,aeiiHHx co3aaioTCHKoiiKpenibie napraHbi *H3HHHTpyaa KOHX03HHKOB H pa6o«!HX, B TuopnecTBe H.ibaca MaHKwia, Kama Afliia6eKOBa, Kouieiia Eneyoiia. rataana HreacapioBa a apyrax aKunoo ocoCoe mccto 3aHHsiaer noxa3 Basra pafc'iHX Baaxauia a Kaparannu. Annan He orpaHHiHBaaacb neCHH- »h, craxaMH, afiTucaMH, ohh C03aaBajm Ha 3iy Tewy atmaecKHe npoiraBeae- Kax H3BecTHO, ocHOBHaa Tenia cobbt-ckoS no33HH nocaeBoeiiawx jier— traaAareabHbrfi Tpya coBeTcaoro HeaoBeKa. HeT hh oanoro nosTa, Koropnft ■ eBocnesaji 6u couHa.'iHCTHnecKyio PoflHHy, THTaHH'iecKHii Tpya a naTpao- ibsi coBercKoro napoaa. CthxhKa3axci<HXnoaTOB co3,ia8aj>HCb b pycne 6oni>mofi cobctckoh rioa- 3»». rae b 3th roan noaBiuracb cthxh o Tpyae M. HcaaoBCKoro, noama A. TiapaoBCKoro «3a aaabio Aajib», H- TaxoHoBa «rpy3HHCKne cthxh*, K. Ch- KOflOBa—«/Xpy3b!i h spare* (1948), «Cthxk 1954 roaa», no3Ma C. Kup- canoaaeMaxap Maaaii* (1951), uhkjim cthxobC .lUnnaaeBa «CaaBeH Tpya», A. Hraniia «CoBeTCKH9 icaoBeK®, M. Ajwreo gJIciihhckho ropu». 3to- - H«a3BeaeHHH, b kotopux 3BymiT MoryiHii na4>oc MHpHoro Tpyaa Hauinx ttaeS. riosMbi A. HeaoronoBa «<paar Haa ce.ibcoBeTOM», H. rpn6aMena <Kojix03«BojibmeBHK», «BecHa b «rio6eaea, M. JlyxoKHHa «Pa6onniiaeHb», fl. ABTOKoabCKoro «B nepeynKe 3a Ap6aT0M», anpimecKan nosMa C. Khp- canoBa «BepuiHHa», craxoTBopnaH nonecrb A. Jliumia cA.aciia OoMtma* WBameHbi nocneBoeHHOMy TBopnecKOMy Tpyay coBeTCKoro Hapoaa. MywecTBeHHue bohhu cram ceroAHHuniHMH repoHMH Tpyaa. Bo miio- nxeiHxaxR . AOiiaena, K- AMaiiwcwioBa, >K. CaHHa, T. JKapoRoea, C. May- •leBoaa,X. BetcxoacHHa, A. TaxreGaena, A. CapcenfiaeBa, >K. MyjiaaranHeBa, 3. KaaayoBofl npaBAHBo K3o6paJKaeTCH, Kan coBeTCKHii mc-iobck aocrnraeT feibajHXrpyaoBux ycnexoB. rioKaaHBaa coBeTCKHXaioacil b coaHaaHcrme- « omcopeBHOBBHHH, H03TUrayfiono ocMUcaHBaaH ax naTpHorHnecKyio npe- iannocrbKoMMyHHcrmecKoA napTHH, Poaiikc,spno pacKpbmannhxfiorarafi “•HyipemiHH ninp. Atone npoH3BeaenHH B iiocaeBcemioA ho33hh Obi.iH nocBsmenn xyao- SecrBeHHOMy Hso6pa*enmo WH3HH TpywemiKOB ceabCKoro xo3a0cTisa, 3a- 06mee ana Bcex nocaer,oeniibix cthxob ojiioahx Tpyaa —aronoxa3 hx pemaioiiuix TpyaoBHX no6ea. Bee nosm BaoxiiOBeiiHO BocneBaioTsawinwi- avio,cnaci.TiiBViOxchshbK0.nx03HHK03. PaccKa3biBaa o BeJiHHecTBeHHHxnpe- o6pa3onaHHHX HpHpoan, noBTH 3aocTpaiOT BHHManae Ha caowHbix >«H3HeH- m HBJieHKHX H npoueccax. Ohh tmrnyr o tom, khk cOBercKHii neriOBSK SupenaaeT cbohm Tpyaosi cu.ny csoeS CTpanu, aeaaer PoflHHy c-iacraHnee « Corane. KpacoiHo noBeciBya o noaBHrax H caMOOTBepjKeHHOCTii cobct- OfflXTpyiKeHHKOB, H03TU BHOCHT CBOii EK.W BKOMMyHHCTHMOCKOe BOCHHTa- *«6 B3poCJlbIX H MOBOaeWH. CpeaH CTHXOBo Tpyae KCMaaoe Mecro aamiMaiOT nosrmecKiie nponSBe- ieHaa_o TpyjKeiiHKax » w *B3HH, pa3pa6aTHB! aaoxiioBemcM. B cthxTx o wiiBOTHOBOaax Ka*abifl no3TopHrHiiaaen b cboiix H3o6pa- MiMbiiux cpeacToax, ynorpeeaner MHoroo6pa3Hb.e xyao*ecTBCHHbie npue-
Mbi. noaT K- AMaHJKiwiOB, nojib3yacb rHnep6o.ia.MH, coaaaeT npKyio 3apHC0»- Ky Tpy.ua aohpkh. Haaomia a B cTHxax nocaeBoeHHbix jict npoaB/miOTcn 6orarue bo3mowhocth K33ax- cko8 no33HH, c noMombio KOTophix nocTHiaerea HanOoJiee apnoe xyaojKecr- BeHHoe Boiuiowemre bhcokhx anefi aarnero o6mecTBa. Bo MHornx uaioiax cthxob pa3HOcropoaHe oOphcobsh Tpya ucpcaoBHKOB xcuixo3iihix riojiefl: «Boaiibi yponcaa* («EriH-mnKUH») T. OpManoua, «3a ayjioM JKCMiywHoe 03epo» («Aybi.i cupra MapwaH kqji» ) K. AMnu>Ko.ioiia, <flec!ia cesuibuwll® («Eriiiiui.'iep wupu»), «MojiOTH.iKa» a «Ko.ixo3Han T3C» A. Capcea6aeBa, «Haaa/ica 6ofi 3a ypoacafi® («BacTaaflH eric M,ii'«a- iibis) h «XjionKOBoa» (*MaicTamiJ»| CwpGaa May.’ieHOBa, «Ky3iieu» («Te- nipmi»), «TpaKtopHCT*, «CTapiiK Ajih» («9jih KapT»), cCaAOBO.i MaKcyr* («Mai;cyr 6anTann») h «UBeTywaa uiapoKaa CTcm>» («K,y/mbipraH ropFom eHaajra») 3hsiu K&aayoBofi, «Tpy;io;wHb» («Eh6ckkv-h» ) ii «npiiBCT Ma- MHae* («MsMHaara caaen xar») JKyCaaa MyjiaarajiHOBa. OCiuiim .via sthx CTHXOTBOpeHHS HB/iseTCHto, hto 1109th CTpeMaica noxasaTb ipyaouyio >x»3Hb KOAX03HHKOB KOHKpenio. Bo.ibuioe Mecro 3annMaeT H3o6paweiiiie Mhic.ieii h ’IYBCTB .noaefl, CTpoaiUHX K0MMYHH3M. riocjieBOeHHUecthxhna3axcKHx no3TOBCDHAerejihCTByioTo tom, ito ohii Bcay-r noacKH hobux nyrefi /via H3o6pax<eHHs /noaeii kojixo3hoto ay.ia. Ohii BocneBaiOT Hapoa a tbopicckhm Tpy;i b Hepa3pUBHOM e/uiHCTBe. Bo Miiorax aiixoTBopeHHax Hapofl npeacraeT xax 6aTbip-co3H/iaTe.'ib, nofieiKaaioiiinii Bc.e TpyAHOCTH JKH3HH. Bor KaK 3BylaT CTpOKH cthxob CupGaa May/iciioBa o BejiaaHHTBopaecKoro xpyaa: XapakTepHofi oco6eHHOCTbio nocjieBoeHHoS hosshh CTaHowrrcn ee WBCTb H opHTHIia/6IbjlHHO30CCTTbbKKpaC*O\"K3.hh Hapoaa. Otciona — KOHHypemocTb. CcBBee- K HB/IeHHHM JKH3HH, HXOCMblC.ieHHK). B CTpOKaX CTHXOB I\\ OpMaHOBa MU
HODHfl oGpa3, He BCTpeiaBuiHfica paiiee B Ka3aXCK0fi n033HH, Bbl- pa3HteJ!bHblft HeMKllfi BCBOeM A3K0HH3Me: B cSopiIHK r. OpMBHOBB «B0JIHa neceH* («TOJIKI>IH JUMP*) BK.HOHeHH Ayiame npoH3BeaenHsi, HanHcaimue km b ochobhom b 1954— 19o6 rr. llosi BocnesaeT ToabKo xopomo sHaKOMHe eMy Beuui rroHHTHbix 11 O.iibkhx eiay moaeii. Jl.ia nosn xapaKTepHO yraySaeHHe b TaHHHKH Ayui ero repoCB, B caMUM cmijcji H3o6pa>KaeMbix hm (Jwktob. Oh GwcTpo 3aMe>iaeT 11 exsaTbi- Baer xapaKTepHbie Kapmiibi h HBJieiiHH jkh3hh h aerKoii. H3nmiioii BH3bio HCOKHaaHHO BbraBiiraeT nepea r-iiaaaMH KHTaTeaa iianGoAcc npim-ieKareab- HUC CTOPOHU 3THX aBJieHH0 H KapTHH. B 3T0M— MacrepcrBO F\\OpMaiioBa. B ero cOopHHKe iiajiaao opHrmiajibKhiB, HafiaeHHUii h pa3BimaeMbiil hm CTH-ib, ocoGemio upKHfi b TaKHx crHxax, KaK «ra3H3a», «flyMU o neaniie» («Tuh TOJirayus), «Acu», «flo6pocepaeHHe» («FIeiiia»), «10pTa waGaHa* (<KofilUbIHbIll KOC«»), «KaHteTCK, nOHHTHO* («TvciHiKTi CbIHKTbl*). «no- cayiuaji 6m» («Tbinaap eM»), «Cu3aaKy», «Ero ayMH» («0nuu ofibi»), «K h3o6hjihioj>(«blpac epici»). JIioah b sthx CTHXax oGbimiae — sto naiun 3HaKOMbie h poAmje.ripeaceaaTejib K3bia-opaHHCKoro K0Jix03a TyaercH, na- KaabHHK crpoHTeabctBa cup-aapbHiicKofl naoTHHH KacbiMOB, MaGaii Acu, conpoBo»aaioiUHA ero apyr nHcaieab Taxed h apyrHe. Kawaan acrpeia, Kawaan 6eceaa HBjiaeTca juia noara hctohihkomawpa'iecKorobaoxhobohhh. OcTptte mijcjth h caoBa, aoCpue uiyreH, achijc KapTHHU npiipoau Bocnpo- H3BoaaTCH nosTOM c noAKynaiomcS npocTorofl. npOH3BeaeHim P. OpMaHO- Ba— iicnocpeacTfleHHwii pc3yjtbTat oGuieimsi noaTa c aioabMii, * 113(11.10 h npHpoaofi. PeajiHCTHBecKHe, mjnyK.no onepqeHnue nopTperbi aioaeil rpyaa, hx BHyrpemmii Map, hx noBceaHOBHuii Gut — SnaropoAHas TCMa no33Hii T. OpMaiioBa. OsesiHbi HCHHMauxaimeM paaocTH, MoaoaocTH, aep3aiiHU cthxho Tpyae, HaniicaHHue >KyGaHOM Mynaara/meBbiM. Hobwm b Ka3axcKoft no33HB KBaaerca cpaBHeiiwe couHaancrHliecKoro Tpyaa Hamefi OniH3Hhi c mouihum tomtom Hapoflnofl * h3hh, Korapoe C03- aaer JKyGaii MynAaraniieii: Tpya aejiaet 'le-TOBena MoaojKe h CHAtHee: CpaBHHBaa cepaue repon TpyaoBoro (ppoirra c CHsnomHM BeceHHHM coat H6M, no3T C03flaer caeatHe nosTHiecKHe o6pa3u. xKraa3,eop6capjijaoo*wcQTHHbbu,ierhpayynBcatcabrMaheaH,nHxeupaaab.’ijijbiiia.oTGaonB(bpiaappHianaTjoa3BHoar,or.cnoyBGeoTKCHKeomromHcaenho, BBeHxCa,OKearao toh- Meq-
BnocjieBoemiofi no33iiHco3Aano neMa.ionefxvibuiHx no oGbeMycthxot- BopeHuH, KOTopue TaaairaHBo H3o6pa)«aK>r BAoxHOBeHHUii Tpya a apxyio jKMaiibpaOoMHX. rio3TUo6pa3HO pucyioT Baaaioiuiiecn hoabhi'hnepeaoBHKoii npoH3BOACTBa, uiaxT h pyaiiHKOB, shboaob u <)>aOpHK Ka3axcTana. TaxoBbi UHlMbl CTHXOB U- AfilMeBa cCBHHKOBaa B0.1Ha» («K,OpF3CblH TOAXHHbls), X. BexxowHHa *rlecna o /lJKe3Ka3rane» («Xe3Ka3Fan acupaapu») 11 t . h . Bcnixax X. Bexxowima napany c KOHxperHMMH ofipaaaMa repoeB Tpyaa co3aaerca kojtjibkthbbuB oGpa3 iiapoaa, 3aHHToro co3iiaaTeaL[iusi TpyaoM. Oco6o noflnepKHBaewa oGmcHapo/inbifi xapaxrep tbopmcckoto Tpyaa, b ko- TopoM.ik)ah HaxoflSTcBoec>iacrbc, 3aBoeBueaioTaoCpyio caasy ayBaixeHHe. Bo MHorax CTHxax yraytwieHHoe H306paweHHC repoKqecKHX oCpaaoB ne- .peaoBRKon npoMbmiaeHHocTH coneraeTca c bhcokoA xyAowecToemioft <|)op- MoiL C . MayjreHOB b CTHXOTBopeHHH «floMemuHK» («/loMnamus) erabut c3oeS uejibio n2o6pa>Kcime OorarupcKoro o6pa3a paSoqero b npouecce ero BaoxuoBCHHoro Tpyaa: rio3T BAOXHOBeHHOco3flaeT il>nrypy repoa-craaeBapa, xoropuS « iiohh- rioaTbl H306pa»aiOTTpyAOBylOWH3HbpafiO'IHX B eAHHCTBCCHX(jblTOM, ceMGHHbiMHB3aHMooTHomeHHaMH. B uiixae cthxob M. AnHM6aeBa o rnaxTe- pax Kaparaiiau TBopqecxaa *H3Hb jhoacB Tpyaa, hx npHBHqxa a JxenaHHs, pasaoCTopoHHHfi noK33BHyrpeHHero Mapa pacKpura raySoKo a noaiio. KoHemro, He Bee cthxh o Tpyjje, noHBHBiimecH nocae bokhu, cboSoahh ot MefiHo-xyAOJKeCTBeHHbix HcaocraTKOB. Bbiao Hamicaao neuaao noBep- XHOCTHHX, cepbix CTpOKOC0B6TCKHXTpyiKCHliKaX. B CTHxax, C-iafiblXBH/lSil- HO-xyaoxcecTBeiiHOMothouichuh, saMeqaeicaABa xpyiiHbix HeaoeraTxa. Flep- awft H3 hhx cxeMaTHquoeonHeaiweKapianTpyaa. B Taxoropoaacraxax He 8hahoaeji h wh3hhrpyaoBoro qeaoBexa. Macro BCTpeqaercaTaxoe nojioate- axe, Koraa noara xax 6h co ctopohh cmotpht Ha napoaHoe 6oratcTBO, ao- SuToe TpyAoH, BOcneBaa nexoTopue ero BiieimiHe npHMCTU, ho ne Moryr npoHHKHOBeHHo pacxpbiTb caMyio cyTb jkh3hh ipyAauuixcu. Bropofi hcaoc- xaTox: H3o6pa*aa ko,ixo3hvio wn3Hb b posobom, npHynpameimoMBHae, nos- th HexacaioTCHTpyAHocrefi, 6opb6bi hobotoco CTapbiM, odkhbibmm, xoncep- BarHBHMM, npHHuanaMcomfaJZHCTHqecxoro pea.iH3Ma qyafAOOAHOcroooiiHee •>3o6pa)KeHHe Miioroo6pa3Ho8 a yxoBiioft «H3iih TpyflfliUHXca Haiuefi cTpaRN. HiiorAa nosTbi, weaaH xax mowiio xoHKpeTHee HapucoBaTb roxHHKy, 00K33aTb Momb MauiHH h MexaHH3M0B, yxejiaioT hm qepecqyp Miioro bhh- m3hhh, ocraBAHH b lean o6pa3bi aiojiel xoropue Hcnojib3yiOT ary TexHHxy («KoM6afiH» Acxapa ToKMaraM(feTona, «Koaxo3iiaH aopora* («Ko.ixo3 wo- 127
jibi») KanaHa CaraOaajHHa h apyrae). ricanj HacroabKo yaaexaioTCH boc- neDaHHeM ManiHH, mto tuiorjia coaaaiOT Bneiarjieime caMOCTOsrre.’ibHOH pa- 6oTbi MexaHH3MOB, 6e3 yqacraa aeaOBexa. HeJib3H, KOHeiHO, cxaBHTb B BHHy n03T3M HX nonbITKH BOCneTb PCWIb HOBOS T6XHHKH B COUHBaHCTHHeCKOM Tpyue. Ho ocHOBofi nosTHaeCKOro npoMBeaeiiHn aoaweir Curb caM leaoBeie, KOTophifl aBtfserca xo3hhhom rexmiKH a acnojib3yeT ee b 6opb6e 3a npor- P B nocaeBOciiHoil KaaaxcKoii no33aa oaiiOBpeMemio c HefioabUiaMH cth- xa.MH noaBHaacb snaaecKae noaMbi aa tcmu rpyaa. riosMhi T. XapoaoBa «JIec b nycTbiae aamyMea* («Xanaaau opiaaH wanrbipTTbi»), «Oraab, pow- aemiaa b cremi* («Kupaa ryt-aH Kypbim*), T. HreHcapTOBa «Xa3Hb b aa- bo («JlaBaaaFU 9Mip»), A. ToKMaraM6eroBa «BecHa arpoaowa* («ArpoHOM K0KTeMi»), X. Epra.’ HCBa «Ha OojibuioM nyra* («yjiKen wcuiaMHycTiiiae*), «fleByuiKa as Hamero ayaa» ayuaauK k u 3u »), X- Myaaara.me- Ba«CBCTJibifi nyn» («Hypau wo.i»|, R. A6aaeBa «OraenHhie noJiHbi* («O t- ra TOJiKbuwap*), «Cepaue Aarraa* («A.iTafi Htyperi*) nocBsweabi iiaoGpa- wemao TBopaecKofi wh3Hh iiamero Hapoaa. B noaMe X. EpraaacBa «Ha fio.ibiuoM nyra» noi(a3aHH niraiircKiio pa- 60™ , npoBeacHHue Ha o6menapoaaoii crpofiae »<ejie3nofi aopora M ohh- tu —My.^ B o6pa3e raaBiioro repoa nosMbi EcOoJiaTa noaT Bocnea n.iTpa- OTa'iecKaft Tpya cOBeicKoro aejroBeKa. HaeftHO-ciojKeTHbiM CTepwiiew nosMbi X. EpraaaeBa «fleByiHKa H3 Haiuero ayaa» HB-aaeTca npoBeaeaae Kaiia/ia, KoiopbiS oOboahhj 3acyiuaaByK> crenb. B Heft aaeftHbie mothbu npeauay- meft nosMbi «Ha 6oauuom nyra* 3Haqnrejibno yrviy&ieHM. repoa nosMu — TyabwaH, Kouiex, XaMaaa, rjiaBHuft HHweaep, rpaKTopacr LUanafi a apy- rae—.xioah, aocTanuae Oojibiiwx ycnexoa aa TpyaoBOM <t>poaxe. iXecyiniia ryabwaa, noayiHB Bbicmee o6pa30Baime, B03BpaiuaeTca b poaaoft ay.x a npacTynatT k ocymecraxeiwio (wiaropoaHoft MciTbi, Koropax B-naae.ia eio c aeTCTBa — yKpaam. poaHoft aya 3eaeaHMK ca.xaMH, 30.10THMH HHBaMH. Bee cboh enoco6HOCTa, snepraio, saaHaa, caabi oHa crpeMBTca acnoaib- soBan. aaa aiofi omh. TyabHcaa, Koropaa HaxoaaTca b caaoM uem-pe co- 6&rrHfi, cBfl3aHHux c nocrpoftKoft aaaaaa, nocaaaofi Moaoaux aecoB, otjih- aaetca aeaoBH-rocTbio a opraKR3aTopcxaM TaaaHTOM. Koaxo3HHKH, repoa Tpyna XaMaaa, Kouiea — Tawre we aeareabubie npeacTaBHTeaa Hapoaa. B ax Tpyae, ax xushh, b hx SaaropoaaoM ayxoB- MOMMape mm bhaum BejiHMHe Haiaero Hapoaa. rio3T crpeMHAcn noxa3aTb 3aKOHoMepHOCTH pocTa h pa3BHTaa aoBOro, OTMHpaaaa a Hcqe3H0BeRaa cTaporo. TBOpaecaaS Tpya npiiiiociiT naoa.w.’ I103T noKa3biBaer sto iepe3 TpaaauaoHHbift npaeM conocTaBaeana exaporo HHfiB0Ift’ \" ° y* e \"CB npnMoi! aBT°PCK0# Pe*iH, a aepe3 MCHHiomaiica ay.ib- Tax 6ujto ao BofiHhi, xenepb aey3HaBaeMo h3mgs 6aaroaapa couHaaHCTHiecKOMy rpyay nepeMeiiaaacb <
(nip. n. Mcmm C60.Ti.m0ft n03TH1CCKoB XOHXpeTHOCTt>io pacyer BOKpyr ao- BoeHHoro ayjia ryjib*an Heo6pa6oTaHHyio, flaxy10 h cyxyxi cream toeme 6c«iee 8upa3HTeJibiio h tohho Haxojurr oh npHMOTU HOBoro b neii- ime: uBerymyio aommy, 'iepes KOTopyio npome-'i xaHaji, HancuiHeiiHbifi npo3paiHo0 Boaofi. 3aecb, r«e necoK Heaeaiieimo 3a.MeTa.T caea myiOBeaa, Bcaeflbi ot Tyi|ie.TeKrepoHHH HeMeaneimo Ha6«paerca aoaa. •flcByutKa H3 Hauiero ay.ias HBanercn 3iia'iHT«flbHbiM npoHSBeaCHHeu Ka3axcKofl no33HH, nocBHmeHHUM Tpyay cobctckhx jnoflefi bo kmh npeo6- pa30BamiH npapoau. B nosMe T. /Kapoxoiia «JIec b nycruHe 3amyMeJi» ecrb Hepra, poana- uae ee c apyniMii nosMaua o Tpyae, ho micere c xe.M oHa OKmiaeTca ot khx HenoBTopHMLiM CBoeo6pa3HeM. Tax we, xax b nosMax X. EpraaaeBa •HeByinxa a3 Hamero ayaa» a « Ha fiojibmoM nyTH», b ueS H3o6pawaeTca 6opb6a Hapoja c cypoBoB npapoaoB. Tax we, xax a X. Epra.iiieii, T. >Ki>- poxoB ynoTpeC/iner TpaflaaHOHHbiB npnev conocTaBJieHHH iioeoro co cra- pux. Cyxyio no-iynycrbiimyio crenb, no xoropoH3HofiHbifi BHxpbtohsct uia■ pu nepexaTB-noaa Haawe craaa caflraxoB; fieflHyx) xawaHy, b xoTopoB WHser, cjie nepe6BBaacb, cTapua xaaax coCBoefl floaxofl, noar conocian-Taer c KOHTpaCTHOfl KapTHHOft myMHbIX 3eaeKUX pom, C nOIOIUHMHB HHX nTH- naMH, pom, BbipameiiHbix crapaaoM a ero aoxepbK) aa Mecre yraunix nec- Taiiux npocTpaHCTB. no TewaTaxe a HexoiopbiM xyaowecTaeiiHbiM npaeMaM nosaa «Jlec b nycTune 3amyMeJi» bo miiotom cxoaca c nosMofi sfleByuixa H3namero ayjiax. Ho JKapoxoB b cbobm npoH3BcaeHHH 6ojibUie BiiHMaiiaa yaeaaer H3o6pawciiHio luioaorBopabix pe3y.TbTaroBrpyaoBoro npoaecca, new caMony npoueccy. B noxa3e o6pa30B jnoaefi Tpyaa nosr H36npaeT CBoeo6pa3Hbie npaeMbi: oh xax 6bi caM yMacTBycr b co6uthhx h npimo paccxa3hiBaeT 060 bc€m yBa- aeHHOM, H3o6pawaeThxxepe3 BOcnoMHiiammraaBHUX repoeB, iepe3 hx pac- cxa3bi. Oh mapoxo Hcno.Tb3yeT taxwe aapHuecxae OTCTymierois a BHyrpeH- aac MOHonorH repoeB, BnosMeT. >KapoKoaa«JIec Bnycraae 3auiyMejr» BAOXHOBeimopaocpu- Ta apyacOa HapojoB; B3aaMC*oTHOmeHHa repoeB noaMbi Caaopa CeueHOBH- TahCapMaHa o-THueriiopaiOTfipaTcxyio3a6oTy pyccaoro aapoaa o xa3axax. B BTOfi H03MCT. JKapoKOB CTpeMHTca, H3o6pawaa JiioflCii Tpyaa, ac- iio.Tb30BaTb cMeJiue HOBue cyroBecaue o6pa3bi: gpwjsprat
CpaBneima craporo A.y6a c reHepaaoM Jieca, moaoahx ca»enueB nrrapnbMH MC3 HOBbI UAH K33aXCK0fi II033HH. aKHMO noBMa HMeer H cepbesnue HejocraTKH: xapaKTepH repoeB He pacKpueaioTca b CBoea HHAHBHAya.ibHOOT, a cio*exHOM paaBimm Her whs- • HCHHblX KOH(|VIHKTOB, Sopb&bl. rlo6eAbl COBeTCKHX JIIOAefl AOCTliraiOTCH HMH .•[(■IKHMnyreM, 6e3 npeoao.'ieiiHsi xpyAHocTefi. floBMa T. yKapoKOoa .Cra.ib, powjeHHaa b cremi. nocBamena xpyAO- BO0 JKH3HH MerajuiyproB Tet-mp-Tay. Itor, oAHaKO, b HeKoropux sniiaoaax noBMbi xyaoiKecTBciiHoe HaoCpaweime nojMeimer cyxHM nepecxasoM coObi- th0. Pacya JiiofioBb moaoaux repoeB, asrap we H30e>KaJi c: » T. HrencaprOBa H«6 nieHHue bojihus JX. A i «>Kh3 OOuuift HeflocraTOK xa3axcKHx hosm, nocBaineHiibix jpoabm Tpyaa («Ha GoabuioM nyTH», «HcByuiKa H3 Harnero ayna», «Jlec b nycrbiHe aauiyMe.i®, «CBeTjiufi nyTb», «Cepane Ajmre*, «BecHa arpoHOMa*),— sto caaOoe pa3- BHTwe koh^jihktob. B 3thx nosxtax 6opb6a HOBoro co crapbi.M Hepea.Ko cxe- MaTiimia, o6.qer>ieHHa.Teopiis «CecKOH0jiHKraocTH», Kax nopoauemte noc.ie.a- CTBHfi KyjibTa jihuiocth, nOBAHSwia h Ha CHB«eTHbie nosMbi, lianncaimbic Ha coBpcMeHHbie TC.MH. Hx ocHOBiioft no-10/KHTC.'iwibiii repo0 He H3o6pa«aeTCH AoCTOBepHO, b 6opb6e c TpyanocTHMH, b ripeo.’io/ieriHH hx. Oh Aocriiraei no6eau JierKiiMnyreM, h noroMy caMoPurHue, opurHHaAbiibie MepTbi era xa- paKTepa He pacKpuBaiorca. rio3M, nocBBiueHiibix pcaaiHCTHiecKOMy H3o6pa>Keiimo ae0CTBnxe.ibHO- cth, b Ka3axcKO0 aopeBoaiouHoHHofl no33un noMTH He 6bijio. A6afi He oera- mn KpynHhix noariiieaciix npoH3BeflcHH0, nocrpoeHHbix Ha onpeaeneiinoM CRjHtere, b3htom H3 coapeueimoit eMV je0crBHTe.’ii,HocTH. PaaBHBai-b wairp ooweTHbix nosranecKHXnpoH3Be«eHH0—yaea cobctckhx noaroB. rioSMbi «He- Byuixa H3 Harnero ay.qa», sOrneMiiasi iioib nan ypajJOM» X. Epra.meBa, «J1ioPoBb H apyw6a» X. H,>nyManHeBa, «OraeHHbie bojihli* fl. Apiuiena. «rpa«aaHHH» XC Caiiaa, «Oajib. powneimaii b crenH* T. XapoKoiia, «Ma- pn», ao4b Eropa», «AKan AnraeB* X. EexxoAtHHa, «KoaoKo.i n cxerm» T. KaHp6eKOBa othocbtch k nncay nporaBeAeHHH Ka3axcKO0 iio33hh, cxaBii- uuix k pemaiomHx HOByioxeMaxHKy, noKa3biBaiomiix iiOBbift ypoBeHb Macxep- EloSThi nator cboicm repoHM HHAHBHAyanhHHe, xonbKo hm npHcyuwe xarecTBa, CTpeMHTCd oto0th or cxeMU, H3o6pawaTb cbohx repoeB pea- aHCTHiecKH, b THnmecKHX WH3iienmjx o6CToaTeabCTBax. TepoHM no3Mbi Afiit.ieBa npncyiaH cboh mwHBHnyajibHbie HaKaoHHOCTH, ncHxonorH'iecKHe oco6eHBocxH, y Kaw.aoro HMeioTca b wh3hh cboh apabia- THKKKHe H paAOCTHbie MOMeHTbi. y xc. Camre repofi — rpajKaaimii y — HH!KeBeP Axan, v K. Kanp6eKOBa— AeMOKpaT-npoCBexH- A.ITbIHCapHH WHBVT CBOBfi OCo6o0, HI... jeaeHHo# peajiHCrarecKoS oficraiioBKe. b CJIO2KHO0 »H3HblO, B Xopouiee HaiHHaHHe X. EprajmeBa noKa3biBaTb BMccre c oCiuhm ■ H- ne“H3aa-<H.. T g S g g TmecKOfl cxeMbi, a HenocpeAcxBeHHO HaayMaHiiofl aScTpaKXHO-noa- e npocTo «ropa», ne npocro 3hh; 3to He npocTo «6y- ropa, He66oo hh penxHn hHmMceiooTt cesoe reeoorpraintwaie^cK^o®e M.1ecPT.°oC'T°_ *p.eKa*- B>’PaHW- reM nepe*HBanH9M, KoropblMH Whbvt A• ypa.n....S.bi...i.... .. H KOTOpue BOAHVIOT 4H- yCJIOBHbJM nOBTHHeCKHM AATaflcKHe ropy, a Ajra-Tay-aa Ueaxpa.ib.
huh Ka3axcraH, to ceihac b kb3BXCKhx nosMax sroro Her, mo HMnercH (muuhu flocTHweiiHeM KaaaxcKHX cioxceraux nopTHiecKHX npoH3BeaeHHH. flaajiorH 3flecb aepeaxo aaioTca b ocrpoA h yBjiexaTeabHoAitiopMe. Ohh COOTBETCTByiOT AeHCTBHHM, KOTOptlMH BbI3BaHbl. OCTpblH Capxa3M, TeHAaH HpOHHP, yMHaa uiyrxa Hepeaxo BCTpeqaxtrca b Ka3axcx»x noaMax, pa3Bii- naioiaHX napOAHue tpuhohh octpocaobhb. rioflBAeHHe B nocaeBoeHHofi Ka3axcxoii no33HH cioweTHhix npox3Beae- hhS, nocBHinenHbix pafioicMy xjiaccy, repoPM rpawaaHCKoA boAhh, pa6or- HJiKaxr HayxH, tobopht o tom, hto no33HH Hama nOAHAnacb Ha HOByio CTy- noc.TCBOOHHap coBCTCxaa no33nH bcho noxa3aaa, mo fiecnpnMepHoc MyjxecTBO coseTcxHX .noaeA, hx repon3,w, npoaBJieHHufl b roau BejiHxofl OreqecrBeHHofi boAhh, ocTaHyrca HeHccaxaeMoA tcmoA mist postob. IloaMbi A. TBapaoBcxoro «Aom y aoporn* h O. EeprroAbu «BepHocrb», nocBamen- BHe MyacecTBy cobctckhx aroaefl, oOorariuH pyccxyio coBercxyto no33Hio. KaaaxcxHe noaTU AsjaiuxOAOB, Cairn, My/inara.nieB, C chtob, XaxKMwanoBa hapyrxe bo mhothx cbohx nocaeBoemiux craxax OToCpaaHjm repoimecxyio 6opt6y coBeTcxoro Hapoaa npoTHB THT.'iepoBCKHX 3axBaT>iHK0B, noxa3a,iH CBo6oaoaro6He, 6.iaropoaHuA o(uihk BoimoB-ocBofioaHTeaefl. npocaaBaeime nojwaroB, naTpuoTHSMa coBeTcxoro Hapoaa b rpo3Hbie roan boAhu, bsboa- noBaxHoe onHcaHae cypoBiax 6oeB cocTaBJiaioT eaHiioe HAeAiio-TeMaraiecicoe cojepwaiiHe stiix npoii3BeaenHft. JKyMarajiH Cam b HeCtwibipOMcthxotbo- peaHii «riOMHio tc6h, pexa Aftaap* («EciMae AAaap eae>(i») -renao h npau- iHBo H3o6pa3H.i, xax coBercKHe aioah, He Hcaaea >xh3hh, cpawa-iHCb c Bpa- roM. B 3thx c-mxax eerb h upexpacHHe xapTHHM hphpoah h *nBoe qyBcr- a>coaaaTa x OraH3He. EIost naoxHonemio h CTpacruo paccxa3MBaeT o 6oe- bhx aeaax coBercKHx bohhob, o apy)x6e HapoaoB, xoropaa eiae CH-ranee yxperaaacb b rpo3Hbix HcnbrraHHHX boAhm: )Ky6an MyaaaraaHeB, ormcbrnaa naMaTHHx cobstcxhm SoAuaM, repo- BaecxH noraSuiHM Ha (j>poHrax Be.raxoA OrepecTBeHiioft boAhm, romier Oh cpaBHHBaeT ptot naMHTHHK c seiHO HeyracHMoft, nrapoxoA, xax Mope, aecoKpyuiHMoA, xax rpaHHT, jno6oBbio Hapoaa x PoaHHe. Taxoro poaa 110- Me aaa xa3axcxoA no33Hii xpxHe ofipaau Bee name H name hosb.toiotch a noareBoeHHbix craxax. Ha BoenHo-repoHiecKyio TeMy b nocaeBoemiue ro- Abi KanHcanbi iiosmu Epra,ineua «ZlyMa oraa» («3xe chpm»), CaHHa «AjiTaA», BepaHHpoBa 6yav whtb* («Me» eMip cYpeMin*). Myjiaa- raaHeBa «necH» o neCHe> («^Cwp Typa.™«up»). B hhx pacxpHBaeTCH ap- Koe MacTepcrao nostOB, cBoeo6pa3He hx cthph. •
3Ecjm b «AATae» X. CaHHa aMemo BAraiwe ycTHofl napoAiiofi nossrni, 10 b noBMax T. BepaaapoBa h X- MyAAaraAHesa rjiy6oKo npoaBAaioTca HoaaropcKHe rpaamuiH, hx aBTopu yAeaaioT GoAbiuee BHHMaime octP^m KOH(|wiHKTaM, H3oGpaweHiiio xapaKTepoB repoeB, (pop.MHpyiouiHXca b OoP^oe. b irpeoao-TCHHH npenarcrBHii. 06e no3Mu buiu-th nocae XX erbcaaa KTICC. Hx aBTopw — Moaoflu, npniUJiH b AmepaTypy rax HaiHHaer cbokj nosMy: Kaxaa acHOCTb, Kaxaa Toiaocrb mucak b sthx BocbMH cipoKax. Mothb paaocTHoro CAyweHiis PoauHe CBoefi necnefi h both Toro TparmecKoro, 6na- 6roAapa HeMy OTcyrcTByeTno3T, CAbiuiaTca b 3THX CTponax. Ohh baoxhob-ic- hu ropsweii HapoAHoB aio obi,io h yBaweimeM k o6pa3y Mycu fiwaAHAH. B CBoeB noaMe X. MyAAaraAHCB, rayfioxo nonas caMue coKpoBeMHwe AyMN repoa, yMeao parapuBaeT y3opHOeiBBTbc fio93hh Mycu. B nosue ecTb Meera, KOTopue mowho 6hao 6m iipiidbcth xaK npiiMcp hcthhhoakphicckoA noaaHH, BB3MBaiome8y o n n m *HBue lyBcrBa, 3apa>Kaiouuie ero to na- (pOCOM, TO rpyCTblO. X. My.TflaraaHeB noKa3aji cefla yMejthia MacrepoM, b tom ayBCTBycT- ca coaeraime no3THiecKoro AapOBaBHfl c xopouiofl KyAbTypoB CAOBa. Buco- «aa co3naTejibiiocn> repoa fiosmm X - MyAAaraAaeBa — 3to to npeAsapH- TeabHo npHroTOBJieHRhiH h ajianoBato npHoeeHHMft hpahk, oaa noxa3ana Kax CHHTe3 noayaenKoro Mycofi KOMMynacTiwecKoro BocnitTamia h, c.ne- AOBaieAbHo, 6ecnpeAeabHo8 aio6bh k Poanne a neHaBRCTH k Bpary, yrjiy6- rrcHHoft MyKaMH aAa, HcnuramiMMH b (pauiHCTCKoS TiopbMe. 06mecTBeHHUe a BAeiiHbie KOHTpacrbi He KoaeSAioT KpenKyio sepy repoa b ce6a; 3Ta Bepa pojK.iaeT cTpacTnue, npoHHKHOBeHBbieCAOBa, KOTopue aBTop cyMe.i BAOJKHTb b ycra .HwaAfuia: 6Hecra aeMaa boah k noGeae, 6ecCTpammjftxapaKTep repoa lyBCTByer- ca 8 KajKAOMABHJKeHHHero, b kb>kaom CAOBe; 3TO— xapaKTep, poHCAeHHMfi HauiHM COUMaAHCTOTeCKlIM CTpoeM. OAHaKO B nOSMe ecTb H HeAOCTaTKH IlocKOAbKy aower ee pa3BopaaHBaerca b KOHKpertioii oOcTanoBKe (hauiHCT- CKO« TIOOKMM. MOWHO ffiun r iT M ™ r„«aHblg koh(()ahkt noSMbi euis CoAee
B noaMe T. BepjtHapOBa 6y«y )KHTb» noBecTBOBaime eeaeTCH or kmchhrepoa. Tepoil noSMUyiacTBOBaji b OTe'iectBeHHofl Boflne b KaiecTBe coaAaia a nepewn.i Bee ee TaroTM or Haia.ia ao KOHua. On ornpaBJiaeTca na$poiiT, He flocwoTpcBBTOpyio cepHio xapTHHM, eae ycneB nonpauiaTbca cjnofiHMofi AeByuiKOii. 06pa3 ee on npoHOCHT aepe3 Bee Taroru boAhh. Emjt amyrapyioT nory, ho h tows oGpa3 jiioShmoA nojwepwHBaCT ero, oahp BocnoMHaaHiie o Hefl yapenaaeT ero b caime Tawe.iLie MHHyni. I5o3Bpa- mb AOMoii, loHoiua weHHTCa Ha .aroGiiMOii. y hhx noaBaaerca nepiieneu. Hararaeu, repofl bhaiit BTOpyio cepmo hsaocmotpchhoh KapraHU. TaKOB Biiemrafi ciomeTiiufi xoa npoH3B&neHHH. Bra no3Ma npoHHKiiyia be.iHaaii- bihmonrHMH3MOM. CobctckkA mojioaoIi aejioseK noGewaaeT cMeptb, no6e>K- flaer$auiH3M. Ha BoAne Goeu 3aKa.iaeTcH ne mnbito <t>H3H'iecicH, ho h mo- paabHo. Be33aBCTHaa npeaaimocrb Po/uwe, HCKpeiiHocrb H aacrora ayBCTB k*eHuunie pojKiiaiOT ero HeHaBHcrb k 3axBarHHKan- Moxcho Gbi.'io 6a yxa3aTb Ha neKoropue KeaocTaTKn b mme nosMu’, Haraxteaue, ne OTUi.'iiii}ioBanHbie 4>pa3u. OaftaKO ne b hhx cyii aeaa, sra HesocTaiKH nonpaBHMbi. y T. Bep;i,nsipoiia KOHTpacTHbie Mbicra nepeaaKyrca aepe3 xtHBonncHbie KapraHU. Hbiemio Ha srofi ociioBe oh co3mct HOiiwe Matera, HOBbie cpaBiieKHH, HOBbie o6pa3Hbie BbipaaxeHHH. B cboiix hosth- aeCKHXcpaBHeHiiBx no3T He tojibko hcxoaht H3 Biteumero cxoacrBa lipeAMe- IO®HJlOHHTHfl, HOnpoCACiKHBaeT BHyipeHHHe HX CMblCJlOBUe, (p!I.'lOCO(j)CKHe B nocjieBoeHiibifl nepiio.a b no33Hii yrayfijisercfl pa3pa6oraa reMU JipyKSbi HapoaoB. Ell nocBamaioTCH MHoroiHCAeHKbie anpmecKiie cthxh BnopMe K. BexxoMHa«MapHH, ao>il Eropa» («MapHHMJKaropKM3bi») nacyabSe Aisyx mojioaux Aioaeft (ZlyficeHa a MapHH) noaxiiaecKH ciioeoG- pa3H0 pacKpbiBaiOTCH HCTopHuecKHe xopHH apyxtGbi pyccxoro h na3axcKOro HapoaoB. EopbGa repoes 3a jmwoe ciacTbe, uepa3pbiBHOCBn3aanaHc ocbo- <04nreabHoii GopbGofl xa3axcKoft u pyccxofi Sejuiorbi nponiB caMosepwa- bhh, npoTHB (J)eoaa.ibHofl BepxyuiKH cociaujaer ciojkct no3MU. IlosMa X. /laiyMa.meBa «JIio6oBb it Apy«c6a» («Maxa66ar neH aoc- tok») Gujia HaimcaHa Ha MaTepnajie BeAHKoii OreiecTBeHHoA boShu. Ee repoH—coBCTCKHe bohiiw Carbinafi a Tapac, ’ibH apywGa npoxoAHr hciuj- WHHe Ha BepHoerb b Tnwe;ibix oGcroaTeabCTBax, Koraa ohh nonaaaioT b OKpyweiiHe. yTEepsueiiHe i>epHoern b CBeTANX HeaoBe'iecKHx lyBcxsax— b Apy*6e H aioGBH— cocraBJiseT nosTH'ieciaiii naipoc srofi nosMU. OmicauHe BHyTpeHHero MHpa a nopipeTa raaBHOro reposi CarunaH, Kpacoxiiue nefi- hhjkh. crpoftnaH KOMno3HHHH OTMeMCHU BbicOKiiM pea.'iHCTH'iecKHM Macrep- C tcmoISflpywOu napoaoB cBH3anu h Miiorne cthxh Ka3axc«HX hostob. McBameHHbie ocBoewHio ueAHHHUx h 3aAewiiux 3eMejib, BejuiKHMcTpofixaM X0MMyHH3Ma H ApyrHM 3HaMHTeHbHbIM C06blTHflM nOCHeAHHX ACT. 110‘ITH bccno3Thi nHmyT o uenmie: X - Cami, Zl. AfiH.ieo, X. Epra-iKca, T. OpMa- HOB, A. CapceH6aeB, C. MayjieiioB, X. BexxoatHH, A. Tawxfiaea, HapoAiiue axuHbi OMap LUhiihh, KeneH AaepCaeo h MiiorHe Apyrae. Hx npoa3BeaeHaa 06 ocBoeHHa uejiaiiHbix sebiejib npoHHKHyTU narpaoTH'iecKBM i >bctbom, Bbi- lOiHMeHT E(|)peMOBHq Bopoiuhaob na coBeuiaHHH b AaMa-Axe Tax oue- HHActhxh XyMara.iH CaHHa. b kotopbix MacrepcKH noxasaHa ApywGa Ha- POAobHamefi cTpanu, oKpeniuaa b GopbGe3a tte.iHHy: « 0 iioa-ikhkoAapyw- 6e MaionewH caMux pa3AH>mbix HauHOHaAbiiocrefi, MywecTBeHiio nepeiiec-
rnefi BeeTpyflHOctHhJiniiieHHsi o6ecne>niBmefi nofieay no-MoeMy, xoporno cKa3aji K33axcKHfi nc r >KyMarami CaHH: )ro coBepmeHKO npasH-xbuo Hanwcaiio h Bupaacaer Hama o6mae \"yfc^ a > '3. ( t o o b cbohjc „poH3BeaeHHHX o uejiHi.e no3TU He Bcerjia IIVT aajlbUie onHCaHHft MHMO-BeTHblX Bne'iaTJIOHHH, MHMO.ieTllblX Ka\\)I Mili re cOBceM KoHKpeTHUX CHMnaTHii, B3anMHo8 jhoObh napnea H acBymeK, lepBbix BOCTOproBot nepBofl ueJiHHKoft 6opo3;ibi. Cpeaa sthx ctiixob BCTpe- laioTCH h 3ap«(J)M0BaHHhie ra3eTHhie HinfeopMaiWH. Bee 9T0 3aiacTyio OKan- a cthxotbophum panopTOM o BtraojiHeHHH iwana, He iiecymeM b s r.iy6oKoro o6o6meKHH. b TeMa apywBu HapoaoB pacKpuBaerca b x crO/iHuc nauiefi PoaHiiw — Mockbc. Ecjih y mh< x CTHxax.noCBfliuenn to >K. CaHH nepeaaeT 5e3rpaHHiHyio jiiofiosb Ka3axcKnx noaroB k Mockbc, aaBepaa: (llep. B. tUenoreoa) BocneBaa cboio poflHHy— Ka3axcraH, ero npeKpacHyio npnpoay. ero repoeB, Ka3axcxHe noam oTHKxab He orpaHH'iHBatoron 3to8 tcmoh. T;iy6oKHM npoBB.aeHiieMcoBercKoro natpHOTH3Ma b Ka3axcKofi no33HH HBJiaerai to, uto aauia noaTbi BocneBaioT oCmne ana Bcex Hapo.ioB CoBeTCKoro Coi03a nys- ciBa, namyr o repoax h 3eM.iax apyrax pecnyfijiHK, BAOXHOBemie h TeMU wenpo 'teprcaiOT H3 wiraHHHapoaoB Bcero MHpa, hx CopbCbi Ha nyra K kom- MyHH3My. Bo.ibiuoe 3Haaeiine b stom cMUcae npno6peraioT hhioim cthxob May.ieHoBa o Baxy h KapmsHH, A, TawafiaeBa o Emirae, noaMa fl. A6ii.ie- Ba «Onien»hie bojihu». Much HHTepnauKoaa.iii3Ma opraHH'iecKH xapaxrep- hu ana na3axcK0fl no33HH. OcoSeHHO cBOeo6pa3HH KopoxKHe, JiapaaecKHe npoH3BeaeH)ia Cbip6aa MayaeHOBa. JlyMU h laaHua nosTa, ero .nyiiiCBHbie nepewaBaiiiia aaiibi na 4>0He npapoabi, xax 6u aKKOMiiaHHpyiouifii sthm nepewMBamiaM. Cthxh C. May.ieHOBa OTimnaroTca KOMno3HUHOHHoS crpofiHOCTbio, MentocTbio oOpa- 30B. float HaXOfl>lHB H OCTpoyMeH.
apy*6hi HapoaoB BupuBaerca h3 tbhhhkob cepaua b HenoBTopitMOMCBoeoO- paami aoMfipoBoro HaneBa: Ojh* y Mac, jfpyr, o*pa, (Hep- K. AAraOCKOeo) Be-maasi jno6oBb k coBeTCKoii PoaHiie, HaeH coBetCKoro natpH0TH3Ma raylSoKo CBB3aiibi 3aecb c npeaaHiiocrhio coBeTCKoro Hapoaa pojno0 Kom- VCyHBCTHHeCKoB napTHH. Ilocae HcropHHecKoroXX cT>03aa KTICCTewa pyKOBoamnefi poaH Kom- uyiiHCTH'iecKofl napTHH, ee tcchoS cb«3h c MaccaMH B KaaaxcKofi no33HM CTaBHTca oco6eHHo uiapoKo. O >ieM 6n He nucajiH n<OTU—o ueaHHe hjih crpoHTejibCTBe hobux rnaxT, o Tpyae sshbothoboaob h.to o noaBHrax boh- bob—oiih cTpeMSTca noa'iepxHyTb jnoOOBbHapoaa k napTHH. B 6opb6e Hapoaoa 3a Map npHHHMaioT aKTHBHoe ynacnce h Ka3axcKne both, co3aaBaH ocrpue ny6.fnuncTH'iecKHe cthxh, nojmue aeaoBe'mocTH, *83HeyTBepwaeHHH. Cthxh h Oa.i.'iaahi T. >KapoKOBa. X. EpraaneBa, C. MayaeHOBa, A. TawafiaeBa, O. IilHnHiia, A. A6mieBa, K. CaTbiSaJWHHa, 3. KaaayoBofi baoxhobchho BocneBaioT 6opb6y coBeTCKHX .uoaefl 3a Top- KecrBo MHpa lia 3eu.ne. yreepHcaeiiHe HecoicpyiiiHMofi cunu 33iuhthhkob *Hpa. Henpeioioimbix 6opuoB npoTHB boShh, TBepaaa Bepa b to, hto HMne- PKaxHfcrbi, pa3WHraioiHHe boAhv, 6yayT cMeTeHbi HcropHeft—bot ocuoBiiue Me&Hhie MOTHBbI CTHXOBOMHpe. KoMMyiiHCTH'iecKaa napTHH nocrosHUO BocnHTUBaeT coBercKHX iracaTe- *9 B flyxe naTpH0TH3M3 H nOJIHTRieCRQfl 6aHT&llbHOCTH. B UpHBeTCTBHH UKKnCC II Bcccoio3HOMy c-be3av nHcareaeii cKa3aHo: «ilojir cob6tckhx mcaTeaefl eme Bume noansiTb 3HBMH 6opb6H 3a cnno'ieHHe scex mhrojiio- 6hbhx chji b HHTepecax 6e3onacnoCTH nanoaoB, pa3o6jiaiaTb h KJieiiMHTb npecTynnbie naaHbi nvnepnaaHCTOB, yrpowaiouuix pa3BH3aTb HOByra MHpo- »vio B0ftriy»'« 3aawTa PoaiiHhi, coxpaHeHHC Miipa Ha 3CMJie hb.thptch cepbe3HUM TBopqecKHMaoaroM H Ka3axcxoS coBeTCKoii H093HH. Beiyo.iorsno, ijKipMbi, B KOTOpbTXant 3aaa>rn HafiflVT cnoe pemeHHe, Moryr 6NTb canbiMH pa3JiR<mbiMH. OflHH nosTU nwnyr naijiociiwc BaBoJiHOBaniwe cTpo(|ibi o weJXaynapojXHbix cofibiTHflX, od arpeccHH BKopee h HrnnTe, o Gopboe cbo- 6oaoaio6HBbix iiapoaos nporHB 3axaaT>niKOB, apyrae pa3o6aaiaiOT h BhicMe- HBaiOT BOHucTByiouiHx HMnepHa.aHCTOB b campe, TpeTbH— BocneBaioT Tpy- aoBue noSeabi uemHHHKOB. 135
B nocjieBoeHHt.fi nepHofl. ocoGeHHO nocjie HCTopHHecKiix peuieHHfi XX cieaaa KnCC, coBercKaa nosara o6oraiwiacb hjicUho h rewaTHHecKH b ot- HomeHHH xvflOwecTtieHHoa (JjopMbi h waHpoBoro pa3Hoo6pa3HH. a Heli coaaamj BbiaaiouiHeca o6pa3iuJ, oMiiaaiowHecH rJiyOoKHM couHa-'iiicra'ie- ckhm coaepwaiiHeM n apKofi HauHOHa.ihHofi cneumjiHKoft, KoropaH ooora- maer bcio coBeTCKyio noasuio. B 9th roau Ou.ih coaaaHb. HOBtre nosTH'iecKHe npo«3BeaeHim, nocBH- uteHiiue copoKa-iGTHH) BejtHKOfi OKTaCpbcKofi couHajuicTHMecKoii peBO- jiiouhh. H x repoHMH 6hjik MyxeecTBemibie peBO-nomioHcpbi, Goputi 3a coBeT- CKVK) BJiacTb: Martaea, AjihOhA ZZwaiiribibAHH, AamibGeK MafiKoroB (noa- Mbi X. Eprajuicna «OraeiiHaH Horn, iiafl ypa,i0M», X . Bei<xowiina «CTemiofi KOMHCcap®, H. EceufiepJiHHa cITecHH 0 6ojituiCBHKe»). Hapsay c rpaxaaHCKofi jihphkoS noiiBiumcb caTiipH'iecKiie cthxh, dac- 11h, Cajuiajibi, nefi3ajKHan jiapHaa. MHoYiie H3 BHflitbix Ka3axcKiix no3TOB C03aai0T TaaaiiTJiHBtie JinpH<iecKiie cthxh, b kotophx paciipbiTO ayxoBHoe 6oraTCTBO coBeTCKHx aioxeB. M3aamie rpexTOMnoro co6paiiHH co'WHeiiHft Btuaiomerocsi Ka3axcKoro noaTa Kacbixia AMaHwoJioBa Hisaiioei. SHa'iHTeJib- HbiM codbiTneM b Ka3axcKofl jiarepaiype, 1160 ero cthxh ao ciix nop oaa- 3UBaior 3aMeTHoe B.iHHHHe Ha coBpeMeHayio 11033HI0. OAHaKO JKH3HbflaeT MHOrO'lHCJieHHbleTGMbl, KOTOpbie M05KII0II ,TO.'l/KIIO carapHaecKH h kjmophcth'icckh 0T06pa3HTb b pa3jinimbix nosTHiecKHX *a n - pax h KoTopbie He noayaaiOT b coBpeMomiofi no33HH .nocTofmoro oTpaweiiHH. y K.iacciiKoB Haurefi no33HH m h h3xoahm mhoto npHMcpoB, noraa cakhR h rp03HHft cmcx npoHirauBaeT npoH3Beaemisi pa3Hux waiipoB. ZIoctotomho uanoMHHTb BejiHKoro ASaa. JleirraH h TyaetmUbi, noaxa-JiiiMU h >iecTojiiod- uu, aiKeabi h cnjierHHKK, KapbepucTbi h b3iitomiihkh, Bopu h nbHHHUbi 6bum BpeflHWojih TpyAOBoro HapoAa a npa KannxajiH3Me, a npa $eoAaaH3Me, oaa ewe 60.nee BpeuHH npa couHaaH3Me. B P33BHTHH COBpeMeHHOH Ka3aXCK0fi CaTHpHHeCKOft n033IIH GO-lbUIOG 3naaeHHe aiaeioT dacnK A. ToKMaraMGerOBa, BanacaHHbie hm 3a nocaeaHee BpeMH. Ho a ceroAHHoaiiofi H3 bsw hux aaaa'i no33HH hbjihctch BcecropoH- aee pa3BHTae caTHpti, iiacaeayioiae# jiywuHe HauHoiiajibiiwe TpaanmiH. B 9TOM OTHOUieaaa ocoGyio poxb arpaeT KaiaxcTanCKHii caTapHiecKHfi wyp- iiaa «lUMejibt («Apa»). M hoto nHinyr nomi cthxob o nairnix AeByuiKax, o jiioObh. B TBOpaecT- Be TaaaHTjiHBoft nosTH'iecKoft MonoaewH ecTb 3aMeTHbie AocraweiiHH B 06- jiacTK HHTHMHofi jiHpHKH. riopTper AeByuiKH, MeJibKHyBinefi nepefl nosTOM, «xaK MHMoJiCTHoe Biuente, KaK reiiHH hhctob KpacoTU», nepBaa h HenoiiHT- Haa -noOoBb, BW3biBaiowaa no3AHae cowa.icHHa, He crapaiomHecaB naMHTa aepHue rjia3a. He cxoaawas c ryG cahaoctb nouejiyeB b CTHxax moaoawx H306pa>KeHfcI HCKpeHHO B nOSTHHHO. Cefiaac CTaHOBHTca bcb Gojibiue nosTHBecKofi mojioaokh, noapaxcaiomeft aioSoBHofi jiHpHKe HOKOHHoro no3Ta K. AMaioKoaoBa. 3ro xopou.ee an.ne- rae. Kax nacaji K. AMaHiKoaoB jiHpHMecKHe cthxh Ha Teiny jho6bk? B chom- hhm, HanpaMep, ero tflapary*:
--------- ----- — 3Byiawa» KOHUOBKa bmoS crpo<}ibi: «rae we th, o, rae th, /|apiira?». ilapary miier cojumt, lepHyBumRcH c bohhu. 3toqejiOBeK, iipouiejimiii qepe3 orOHb, Hepa3 BCTpe- naBuina CMepTb, BepHyBUmficH aoMoii c iieofosTHoft tockoR no po«Hne, no jmChmoA fleByuiKe, 3a KOTopyio oh ua Boihie He uuwhji cefia. Oh kjmuich torxa-ro He yMepeTb, no6ejHTb Bpara a BepHyn.cn k CBoefi juofiHMofi. H, Kotieiiio, siot co.iAaT HMeeT Bee ociioBaHHS, eme ne ycneBUm crpaxHyrb iMb c cojiaaTCKOil HiHHejiH, cnpocHTb: «rae we, tu, o, rae tu. flapura?*. Mu npHHHMaeM sto cruxoTBopeHHe nan tiimh BceofrbeMJisiiowcB jho6bh k poaHHe, k MHpy, k weHiUHHC. 3aecb jiiiqiioe eraHOBHTCH o6iuhm h o6«ee — .iiniWM. OTooaa powaaerca ripoQjieMa rpawaaHCKofi jihphkh, HHaqe ro- Bopa, npo&ieMa aajJbHe&iuero pa3BHTHH nauirraqecKofi jihphkh. rpaKflaiiCKan, ny6jiHmicTHqecKaa jwpHKa Bceraa sm.in.iaci, TeM waii- po» no33HH, KOTopasi oueiiHBa.iacb Buuie Bcex apyrax. Haefiiiue ho3hhhh *»ra. ero aiofioBb k Poamie, ero HeHaBHCTb k BparaM, ero npoaop.iHBOCTb a0DTHMH3M, ero wepTBCHHoe cjiyweHHe cBoescy napoay, cjiobom, CHJia ero aiiiaHHHua pa3BHTHeofiiuecTBa npewae BceroMoweT 6bm> oaeneHano ciwe ay&iitUHCTHqecKofi 3aocrpeHHOcTH ero jihphkh, iDiarojiOM JKeibcepaaa jiio- *•!» —npH3LiBaa noaroB Be.iiiKHit nyiuKHH. rcmiajibHuft Ka3axcKHfi iiost A6afi yqHji, <ito npHMoe Ha3iiaqeHHe nosra—6bm> iiapoanmi TpHfiy- ■0\", CbiTb niacoM Hapoaa. Oh npH3UBaa roBopnTb Ha Hapoaiioxi, hcthh- «o DOBTHiccKoM H3UKe, a He Ha HsuKc maMaHa hjih Beiuyna. TpawaaHCKasi jmpHKa, orpawaiomas ofimecraeMHoe jihuo na*aoro ®8ra, 370 JKHBOTBOpHUUlfi HCTOHHHK, 3T0 TO, HeMnHTaeTCH JKH3Hb H03T3; “mnccKan HaeSnasi teHaeHUHa. ofimccmeiiiibie B3rjisiau nosra, spxo a “myiuio nposiBJisiioiuiiecsi b ero JiiipHqecKqx craxax, hbjihiotch’ HaefiHhiM KaoBaimeM, Ha kotopom B03aBHraiotch ero npoH3BeaeHHH bo ncex apyrwx *a«pax. CoBercKasi H033HH asaaiia cbok) r.iyCoKyHO h Kpennyio TpajHanio ro- Paiefi noaHTHqecKoa jihphkh. JXeMbHH BeaKu# H MasmoBCKufi, ITaB.io Tu- 113iMa hMnKojia Hawaii. HHKOJiaft Thxohob hAjieiccanap TsapaOBCKHR, Ca “WBypryH h Tacpyp ry.«™, Mnp30 TypcyH-3aae h Taiip JKapoKOB—kto »aib acMirorHO c.iaenux HMeii, aeMOHCTpnpyiouinx MHoroo6pa3Hoe 60- raiCTBoTajiaiiTOBcobctckhx xyaowHHKOB, ycneuiHOpaOoTaBiiiHXn pafioraio- ®axBwaupe II0.1HTH1CCK0HJIHPHKH. MOWHOCMCJIOCKa3aTb, HTOHMCHHOOHa *apanTepH3yer hx iiosrHiecKoe jihuo, onpejenseT nanpaB-ieHHe h xpacKH ®B033HH, cjiyKHT ochoboB hx TBOpiecTBa 11 bo Bcex apyrHX ero wanpax. B P33BHTHH HaiUlOHajIbllOii (})OpMU COBpCMeilHOH Ka3aXCK0fl no33HH feibuioe 3Ha>ieHHe Hueei TBopaecKasi yqefia Ka3axcKHX nosroB y KJiaccHKOB, » nepByio oqepenb v ACasi. A6afi, KOTOpufi ncpeBex MHorHe ctHxoiBopeHHH JlepMOHroBa, He pac- CHaipiiBaji coaepwaHHe ero no33HH b orpuse or ifiopMbi. On cqffraji ce6n “'aaaHHUM nepenan, bcio Hiiefluyio Kpacory h BMOUHOHaJibiioe coBepmen- ctbob nosaHH JlepMOHTOBa bo Bceii hx no.more. fl.ia storo A6aS HaxoAH.q
n KasaxcKOM n3bi«e HOBbie cpaBHeHM, hobhc Mera^opu, Hoaue Phtmu h tbkhm XaaoM noAHaa ssJ k KasaxcKoS no33.,H ao KyabTypaoro yponna pyccKoro '« w l A6a8 He croraA HeofixoAHMbiM nPH caorK opnrHHaaa, a nepeaaBaa hx «wep*aHne unfi nno Hflnona cboDMC. Hiiorna npn nepeBOae bcjihkhx KaaccHKOB pyccKoii noaSHH AGafi cwTaa bosmojkhum npiiuensTb cTapyio oAHHiiaAuarHcaow- noanmecKyio CTpocfry. 3roii CTpocfcoft oh nepeaaBaa H HOByio coaepwaime. Oah3ko pro ho oana-iaeT. hto AGafi, nepeBoaa He oGpamaa BHHMaHHe Ha paa.Mepu h Phtm npoiBBaae- nepeBona iia Ka3axcKH« H3biK «ropm>ie Bepuiiaibi ciiht bo B03MOJKHUM coxpaimTb h nepexpecTHyio pHCpxiy, 9T0 BO3M0WH0 B a3bIKe C Bawen TaaaHT, MacrepcTBO H yMeHHe, Toraa aocthjkhmo to eaHHCTBO, Koropoe HaabinaeTca coOTBercTBHeM coaepwaHHH H (popMbi. riosTHaecKaa HOBHSHa TBopuecTBa A6aa npoaBjiae-rca He ToabKO b ero nepeBOAax, ho h btom, >ito b cbocm TBop'iecTBe oh noAHaaca ao miaccHKOB pyccKoR nos3HH. florroMy, CTpeMacb pa3B«BaTb no33Hto b eAHHCTBe ipopMti h coaepjKaHHH, k333xckhm noaraM Heo6xoAHMO oCoramatt ee ohutom no3- 3hh pyccKoii h apyrax OpaTCKHX AHTeparyp. Ecah aaace He roBOpHTb o tom, ito b Ka3axcKo8 no33HHyAapeHHeBcerAaoi(a3biBaerca iia nocaeAHeMcaore. to BeAb o6pa3Hbie Bbipawemisi, amtTera h cpannenHa OKa3biBaioTca Taicwe yAcaoM nocaeAHHX caoroB. To oGcTonTejibcnjo, ito pHcpMyjouiHeca ainrrerbi h cpaBiieHHH 0Ka3UBaH>TCB GoAee octpumh, GoAee AOcrTHraioiUHMH H03TH- aecKoft uean, HBaneTca aas hostob aopothm no9TH>ieci<HM nHcrpyMeHTOM. CaeaoBaTeabHo, caa6ocrb pH(J)MyiouiHXcii caob, pacnahiB«aTOCTb HGjieAHOCTb pii(|)Myiouinxca sriHTeroB h cpaBHeHHii, 6e3ycAOBHO, npHBOABT nosTa k ne- Ecah 3T0 Tax, tocnocoG pHip.MoBKB, yMeiiHe naiiTH HywHyio prnjmy, He HBAHOTCH AAS II033HH '1HCT0 TeXHH'ieCKOft, BHeuiHefi CTOpOHOfi Aeaa. PHd)- Ma— pe3yAbT3T Taxteaoro, noa'iac My>mreabnoro xpyaa aas nosTa, peayab- TaT ero CAOWHbix bohckob. nepea Hauiefi coBeTcxofi no33nefi ctoht npoGAesra yray&ieHHoft paGorn MaA i>opMofi cthxs, ocBoeHHe GoraTeftuiero HacAeaHH nponiAoro b TBopnecr- Be napoaHbix aKbiHOB, KaacciiKOB Ka3axc«ofi nHCbMCHHofi nosaim, onbiTa Be- aKxofi pyccKofl -TOTepaTypu h no33HH GpareKHX HapoaoB Haiuefl crpaiibi. Mu bhahm KBKHe naoAOTBopHbie r>e3yabTaTH aaeT Tanas B3anMocBS3b Miioro- HauiioHaAbHbix OTPBA0BenHnoR coBercKoS aHTepaTypw. B iiocaeBoeHHbie roabi Ka3axcKaH coBercnaa n033Hfl, KaK Hno33HHapy- riix GpaTCKHX HapoaoB CCCP, paaBHBaeTcs b Oahom pycae c pyccKoii coBCTCKofi no33He«. B3th TOAbi ycHAHBaeTca BAHHHHe pyccKofl KaaccHiecKofi
I093HKHa KaaaxcKHX n»3T0B. HMeHHo b 3th roam h pacuiHpwiocb ocoSen- ™3aMCTHOHaefiiio-TOMaTiwccKoe co/xep«anKe uusshh. 06pa3bi npejctaBH- TeaeflipyaoBoro hapo.'.a iiaui.iH CBOe oroGpaweime He to/ibko b anpHHecKifX Bcbohx hckbhhbx noBTBi onnpaiOTCH TaKwe na JiynuiHe o6pa3ixu na- PMho8 B093HH, «a iiacaeaHe AopeBo.-noniioiiHbix nosron-nHChMCmiKKOB, h cpeKseBcero ctpgmhtch pa3BHTb 4>opMbi craxa, C03AaHHbie b&ihkhm A6aeM. Bam roAhi 3aMemo CTpeiiAeiiHe K33axcKnx jjostob nosTHiecKH kohk- penaapoBan., Hacbiuiatb pea.ibHUMii cpaKia.Mii cboh npoH3Be;ieims. n<yiy- toh nmpoKoe pacnpocrpaHeuHe uhkah cthxob Ha onpeaeaeimyK) TeMy, xaropbieShah hobbim HBaeimeMpjin Ka3axcK0fi iio33hh. B Heft yreepwAaer- cahobhS xaHp 6annam- Pa3BHBeK>Tca « ofiorawaioTca hobhmh itaeftHo- lyjoxtecTBeHHbiMH KaiecTBaMH CTapbie (popmj no33HH, TaKHe, xan airnj- Ilocae X X ci>e3fla KtlCC, KOTopbift hbhachHCTopHuecKoft Bexoft BWH3- hknames cTpaiitJ, Kasaxcsaa cOBCTCKaa no33HH noAHH-nacb 11a HOByio cry- Cthxh K33axcKHX H03T0B. nocBSHuemiue narpnoTHHecKHM vyscTBaM, flMBHOMy oOjiliKy coBeicmix jno/;eft, 3b.isiotch AocTH*eHHeM Bceft coBeT- aoi no33HH. Kaaaxcxaa coBeiCKaa noaaun—neaeu KOMMyaHctHiecKoro ctpoHreaBCTBa, coBercKoro naTPHOTH3Ma, Apywfiu HapoAOB, <5opb6u3a MHp MBceMxmpe— aaer no nyTK couHa-iHcriiiecKoro peaAH3Ma h fieccnopHo effle asaacT Hena.ro BUjaKiiujiXca npoH3BejeHHH( Koropue o6orarHT ny- Josiiyo xyjibTypy MHoroHauHOHajihHoro coBercxoro Hapo.ua. ApaMaxypina Hapaay c npo3oft h no33Hefi b Ka3axcxoft noeAesoeiiHoft HHiepaiype Whbho pa3BHBacTCfl ApanaTypraa. PyxoBOACTByacb nocranoBAeiuraMH napmH no HAeo-rormecKHM Bon- l*WM, Bonpocau ameparypbi h HCKyccTBa. yiacb Ha AymiiHx ofipaauax co- •TOKofl, KaaccHnecKoft pyccxoft h mhroboS apaMaTyprHH, Ka3axcKne apa- “aiypni nocae boAhu cosaa-iH pa;i nbec c pa3Hoo6pa3Hoft reMaTHKoft. Tbop- wcxHe ycnexH apaMaxyprOB bo mhotom oftycaoBaeiibi TeM, mto okh crajm Pamtre.ibHee o6pamaTbCii k TeMaM coBpeMeHHocTH, xyaowecreeHiio oto6- fS*an, JKH3H0HHbie KOH^.IHKTBI. B0KTa6pe 1949 roaa UK Krl Ka3axcTana npmiaa pcmcHne«0 cocroa- wnrh saaaaax aaabHeftmero paSBHTHa TcaTpaabiioro Hcxyccma pecny6a«- ™», b KoropoM pacKpbinaioTca neao<rraTKH ApaMaTyprHH h HaMciaioTca “frahx HcnpaBaeHHH. «B Ka3axcKoft apaMaTyprHH ewe He co3aaHUnoano- WHHbienbecbi c 3anoMiwaioiunMHca o6pa3aMH irauinx coBpeMeHHHKOB, Bon- •lomaioniHx b ce6e see HOBoe « nepeaoBoe. npOH3BeaeiiHa, rayfoxo « apKO PacKpuuaiowHe aBaHrapanyra poa> SoabiueBiicrcKoft napran s coinia.i'ic- TOiecKOM CTpoiiTe.iLCTBe. Muonie npoH3BeaeHna Ka3axcieoft apaMaTyprHH 'MowecTBemio ne.apeabi, Ma.TovCe/inreabHbi, He pacapbiBaior 6oraTOro xy- xoBBoro Mnpa coBercxoro aeaoBeKa*18. Bto, KOHe'iHo, He osnanaeT, hto Ka3axcKaa apaMaxyprua nepeiKHBa.ia roaocyTBopnecKoro 3acroa, oywaKO b nefl 6wm 3naqHTe.ibHbie iieaocTaTKK, * aanoHOMepHo, mto napTnflHaa opraHH3aims pecny&nHKH He Mor.ia npoftra m«mo hhx. K 3T0My BpeMBHH iraMHiiaioT noHBanrbca npoH3BefleiiHa, npaB- Mbo pHcyrouwe cobctckhx aioaeS, naiuy aeftcTBHTeabHOCTb. “ cKasaxcTancxan npaBaa», 26 OKTitCpn 1949r.
B jiHreparypax napoaoB Hamefl crpaHU coaaawrca npoH3BeaeHH9 o repoHnecKHx noaBarax cob©tckhx /noflea Ha 4>ponre h caMOOTBepweHHOB paGoxe tpvjkchhkob Tbiaa. CJiejsyn npame whshh, xv/iowhhkh noKa3WBaiOT, mo b ocHose noeeaeima coBeTCKHx aioaeB Gbina ropaqas nioGoBb k couHa- .iHCTHaecKofi Poaaae, npeaaHHOCTt KoMMyHHCTHqecHofi napruH, qyBCTBO BeaHHafiiuefi otbctctbchhocth 3a cboio crpaHy nepen hobumh nOKonenHHMH, nepea TpyaamiiMaca acero Mtipa, He3u6aeMaa apyacGa HapoaoB. 3th MhicjiHjiewaT b ocHOBe xaKiix. nonyqHBWHX oGweHapoaiioe npn3Ha- HHe, apaMarHaecKHXnpoK3BeneHn6, Kate«HauiecTBHe» JT. JleoHooa, «OpoHT> A. Kopiieftayaa, «rioGeaHTejiH» B. MapcKOBa, b ntecax GenopyccKHX ApaMa- TyproB K. KpanaBu «C HapoaoM®, A. MaB30Ha «KoncTaHTBH 3acnoHOB», yKpaHHCKoro apaMarypra M. ZImktppko b nbece «renepaa Baxyrmi*, y36eK- CKoro apauaTypra K. HuieHa «renepaa PaxHMOB* h mhothx apynix. B Ka3axcKofi apaMaryprHH oanoft H3 nyquinx nbec o bochhom BpeMeHB BBiiaacb nbeca A. AGHiueBa «/IpyHc6a h Jiio6oBb» («JJoCTbiK neH .viaxaG- riheca «Apy»6a h nioGoBb® (1947) OToGpawaex caMOOTBepiKeiiKbifl tpya CoBeTCKHx rnoaefl Broaw BenHKOii OTeqecTBemioii BOfiHhi; b Hee bkaio- >ieHbi raKHce anHsoau (JipoHTOBoil JKH3HH. B ocHOBe ciox<exa ae«iiT GopbOa 3a coaaaline yroauioro KoxiGaiiHa. CoGbiTHa ycnoJKHHiOTcn tom, uto ero H3o6pcTaTGvTii HHJKciicp Hypaan TafiManoB bo BpeMa noe3AKii b AouGacC am oGMeHa ountom ocranca no ry cropony ifpoHra. BuaBHiiyB npeano.no- kchhc, mto Hypaan toMetinn PoaHHe, h He wcjiaa htth na puck, c KorapbiM Ob!,i CBB33H TexiiHqecKHfl nepesopoT b aoGbi'ie yrna, HanaabHHK maxTbi MbipKan TaflMaHOB (poAiiofi 6paT HypnaHa) BwcrynaeT npOTHB co3aaHHH KoMGaBHa. KonnextHB luaxrbi npn aKTHBHofi noaaepwKe napraiiiibix opra- hob, b qacxiiocxH ceKpeTapH ropKOMa A63aaa TanMaHOBa (Taxwe po.iHOro 6para HypnaHa), aoGHBaeTca ocymecTBJieHHa hoctpoBkh K0M6afina. no6e>KflaioT nioGoBb h npywGa, Koropbie b nbece noKa3aHU b pa3nnq- hux cbohx npoBBaeuHBx. B TBopaecKOM coapyxtecTBe Tpyaarea .hoah pa3- Hux HauHOHanbiiocTeii, wapacTOB, xapairrepoB, noMMyiiHCTu h GecnapxHfi- HUe. UocTynKaMH aioaefl ABHJKeT nio6oBb K Poamie, k Tpyay, oGuuiocTb hx HHTepecoB. 7Iio6oBb k PoaHiie, nioGoBb k Tpy/iy. nioGoBb nioneB ;ip\\T k npy- ry—bth aparoueiiHae Ka'iecxBa noKa3aHbt b nbece yGenHTejibiio. Hccomhchhom yaaqcfi ApamaTypra HBnaexcH npaBH.n,Hair paccraHOBKa apaMaraqecKHX cun, Bepno Hafinemiwe B3a!iMOOTHomeHiin naiowiiTenbHMX MHHtenep Cayne, aoHGaccc MapoH riaBjioBH'i, liiaxtepbi TafiMan, Ka36eK h apyree b rpyaHue n boShh orflaioT see chjiu aaa noGenw. rb ohh He Moryr, bto nponiBopeqHno 6 u ^paMaTypr noKa3a.i, qro miaqc xapairrepy. e npHcyiftH, oanaKO, h cepbe3Hbie neno- hx BHyrpeHHeMy coaepwaiiHio, Hapaay c aocroHHCTBaMH, i B Hefi HarpoMowaeHo mhoto coGunifi, Bceso3MowHbix nepHnoTHft, He- OWHflaHHblX nOBOpOTOB, CJiyqaflHOCTeB, paCC'lHTaHHLIX JXHUlb Ha BHemHIOlO aaHHMarenbHOCTb. HcKyccTBeHHa BCTpeqa acTMHKa TeMHpa, 3a Koroporo Chi na npH powneHHH npocBajaHa Cayne, c raxteno panenbiM HypnanoM na i|>poHTe, nowHbi ero xoneGaHHa — cnacra nan He cnacrH cBoero conepHHKa B aioOBH; HanyMamco nocrpoeHa BOoGiue bch HeoGuqHaa 6Horpait)Ha TeMHpa. Tpya cobctckhx aioaefi na GnaroCBoeflPoahhm, OToGpaiKeHHbiil b nbe- ceA. AGHiueBa «flpy*6a h nioGoBb*, craBitTcaapaMaTypraMH b neiirp npv- ™ v* e nocaeBoeHHOMy nepnoay jkh3iih HanieB cxpa- . tiHCHHo noxa3 coBexcKHX Tpy*eHHKOB — CTponxeneB K0MMyiiH3Ma,
KodpaweRH'e Hameii coBeicKOft aefiCTBHTejibHOCTH HB,iaeTcn BawiitiM ycao- 1HOCTH H aeftCTBeHHOCTH COBCTCKOft apaMBTyprHH. JHHCiBe HauHona.ibHhix jiHTcpaTyp, ocoOeHHO b apaMaiyprHii, s Ka3axCKOH, peuiHTeaibHhiii nosopor k TeMaM coBpeMeimocTH ■OBhipa*eil HUGHHOB KO„7XO3H0li TeMaTHKe. UlnpoKO1I3B6CTHBI ix TpyaeHHKax y36eKCKoroapaMarypra A. Kaxxapa «lUe.i- >, TypKMencKoro apaiwaTypra T. MyxTapoBa «CeMb» Awmum», IpaMaTypra A. Kopicoiiiyua «KaaHiioBaa poma», GeaopyccKo- roxpaMarypra K. KpanHBbi «noiOT waBopoiiKK*, apaiwaTypra iiapoaa ko- aa H. ilbaKOBa «CBaab6a c npHaaiiMM*. B xaaaxcKofi apaMaiyprira iia aryieMy Haimcamj nbccu «EaHHaa ceMbm («Bip ceMbn») A. AfimueBa, oMmraoHcp* F. MycTaijimia, «BeceHiinfi Beiep» («K©KTeM *eai») 111. Xy- caaaoBa, sUpera, cTenb!» («ryji,aeH, aa.'tab) A. TaxoiGaeBa 11 ppyrae. ribeca A. A6mucBa «E«HHaa cewbss (194$) H3o6pawaCT 6opb6y ko.i - kouhkob 3a npeoCpa30BatiHe npHpoau b nocneBoeHiibie raju. npejccaaxe.ib Kuxo3a «rio6eaa» >KaHap BaftcajioBa naciofttHBO aoGHBaercH npetBope- H»a b « h3hb iiaMeieiiHoro ee MyaceM HiriKeHepoM-rnapojioroM AiijocoM npoBtra (mjamts «Mops» b cretin. Kiwixcbhhkh ropaio Banana, 3a crpoii- TaftCTBo h flocTKraH fiojbuinx TpyflOBbix ycnexoB. HecMOTpa iia to, ito orASaoca He 6huio Becrefi hh bo Bpejut boShh, hh nocae ee oxoHaaiiHa, *anap Bepaa CBoeSjiio6bh h He OTBenaer B3ai(MH0CTbio jnoGnmeMy ee spa- 9y-XHpypry KpeMHeBy. K KOHuy coGuthA iico«H/iaHiio B03Bpawaercn Aft- Soc.HenpaBHjibHOHHiltopMupoBaHitbiAo B3attMooTHouieHHHX/Kanaph KpeM- aesa, oh xojio/teit k cBoefl weite. KpeMHeBne-iaer Aftaocy onepanaio, n3BJie- «aer B3cepaua nyaio. CrpOHTenbCTBo orpoMHoro BoaoeMa oKonqeHO. otho- fflCHHaMeway AAaocoM h >Kanap itanaxtHBaioTCH, Bee KOHiaeicn GJiarono- ■lyiiio. EaHHaa ceMbH cOBercKHx TpyweiiHKOB npoao-nwaer TpyaBTbca iia fiiaro CBoeft Poamiu. Ilbeca «EaHHaa ceMb»» A. AGmiteBa no cbohm xyaowecmnnuM aoc- aoHiicTBam OKa3aaacb moKe ero nbecu nflpyjKfia h jiioGobm. He yaamicb aaecbxapaKTepu aioaefi, noBTOpeH Gmji TpaifcapeTHuA jhoGobiimAtpcyrojib- \"hk, HaayMaHiiofl Guaa cinyaium c onepaniiefi Afiaoca ero conepHHKOM Biibece «Eaimaa ceMbsis 0Tpa3nnHCb Miionte ucaocTaTKsi npomBeaeHHii « jpyrax Ka3axcKHXapaiiaTyproB o ko,ixo3HHXrpy*eHHKax. MHorae riocae- soenHHe nbecu iia 3Ty TeMy OKa3aancb BecbMa neBUCoKHMH no cBoeMy Bae5iio-xyao*ecTBeniiOMyypoBHio, H3o6pawa.iHaioaefl npHMHTHBHo. B nbe- re«EflHHaH ceMba» 3btop nouiea TaioKe nonyra BiieuiHeii 3aHHMaTeabH0CTH > naxapoBKH aefierBitTeabHocTH. Boaee yaaiHo oro6pa3H.i kojixoshux TpyweHBKOB T. MycraiJjimb nbe- « *MnaaHoHep», xoiopyio oh ccoaaa Ha ocnose CBoefl oaHOHMeimoA no- HecoMHeHHoft yaaiefi aBTopa nbecu aBxnercH co3aaHHe uenoro paaa mho6uthux xapaKtepoB. ynopHUfi JKoMapT, ropninfi BaSMaxaH, cno- ®8bo yBepeHHuS CaTan, 3acreH>iHBaH A.i«a, oiiiii6aiomHSai, no qecrabi8 %Kun Hapyrae —dth pa3Hue no CBoemy BHyTpeHiieMy o6.iHKy xkdah ae- xaioroaHOo6u;ee Goaburoeae-io, 6opk>tch3avKpen.ieiiHc npoH3BoacTBeHHoft \"onw Kojixo3noro xo3HAcTBa. XapaKTepu fleScTByiouuix jihd nbecu noxa- sohu ySeaHTenbHO. B nbece «MH,ianoHcp», BMecre c TeM, ecrb pna HeaocraTKOB. TToaOMtHB i oCHOBy cioweTa ocrpufi, HanpawCHiibifl koh([uihkt Goiibiuoro ofiiuecrBeii- noro SHancHHH, aBTop paapeuiaeT ero ywe b Hanaae Broporo aeAcTBHH, a Bona.ibHux nerupex KapraHax BToporo, Tpetbero h leTBeptoro aicroB no- BOBUBaerca ToabKO npeTBopeime naana.
HecMOTps Ha to, hto d nbece ceKperapb paffKOMa CaTan noaaepwH- BaeT nepeaoBoe, HOBoe b jkh3hh, pom. napTHH B KOAX03KOMcTpoHTeabCTBe ocBcuieHa caaCo. KpoMe AenaapaTHBHUX paccywaeiiHfi, HHHeM cc6a lie npo- niiHjia u >KaHaT. B CBH3H c sthm Heo6xoAH»io otmcthtb, >ito b nbece cjihui- kom MHoro npHMbix ouphok oaBHX nepcoiiaHceii ApyrHMH a caMOoaeHOK aeBcTByiomax ana. B 1952 roay apa.waTypr A. TaaiiiOaeii 3aKOHHHa nbecy (cUbcth, cTenbi* o JKH3HHKcwixo3iioro ayaa b Hauia aHH. flbeca npimaeKaeT Bawnocrbio 3aT- poHyrbix npofoieM. Ochobhum coaepwaimeM ee HBaaeTcn yTBepwAeime nap- THiSiioft, rocyaapcTBeimofl tohkh 3pennn Ha nepcneKTiiBiiue naaiibi pa3BH* b H ocywaeHHe HenpaBHjibHoro, y3Koae.:iH'iecKoro noaxoaa * 3BHTHHK0aX03a. B CTO.IKHOBeilHH 3THX pa3AHmibIX TOHeK 3pe- ......... it ociiobiioHkoh<|).thkt nteebi. TeMa nbecu «UseTH, cTerib!* He hobs b coBpeMeHHofi Apa.MaTyprmi. He nosa OHa h b Ka3axcxoii -iHTeparype. Ho A. Tawn6aeB, no'iepmiyB MaTepnaa juin nbecu H3 caxioft jkh3hh, peuiaeT 3Ty ieMy no-cBoeMy, AeaaeT umpoKiie o6o6meHHH, noameiaer b AeflcTBirreabHocTH xapaKTepnoe, a raaBKoc, co3- aaeT y6eAHTeabHHe ranKuecKHe xapaKtepu KaiUKX cospeMCHiiliKOB. ZleftcTBHe b nbece pa3BepTUBaercn b nepeaoBOM Ko.ixoae «UJyrna» («Paayra»). ripeacesaTeab npaB/ieiiHHKoax03a Tejibrapa TeMiipOeKOBycno- KOH-icH na AocTHniyTux ycnexax, nepeeraa AyMaxb o AaabHeBiueM yBejin- HEHHK npOH3BOACTBeHHO0 MOlUH KOJIX033, peUIHJl HCpeKalOHHTb BCe CpCA* CTBa wa nocxpoAxy Kojixosnoro ropoaxa— «,tbopuob c GamwiMH*. A mc>k- ay TeMb paGoTe xoaxo3a MHoro HeaoeraTKOB: b MHHyBtiieMroay ot 3acyx« nornOno ABecni rearapoB noceBOB,. b kccixo3c hct BOAOxpaHH.rama, xorn EcrecTBeHHO, hto napTHftHan opraHnaaium Kojixo3a, K0axo3Hbift koji- aeKTHB He Moran coraacHTbcn c ero ouihGohhum naaHOM. CeKperapb napTop- raHH3auHH Koaxo3a Ap»aii BUABHiiya nepcneKTHBHbiii naan aa.iF.nefimeto pa3BHraH KOJixo3a, b kotopom npeaycMaTpHBaaocb co3aaHiie BOAoxpaiiH- AHiiia, opocHxeauioR CHcreMU, rHapocTaiimiH. Hanaaacb ynopHas OopbSa ApMana n Teabrapu. Teauapa nbrraeTCH ciipiiTaTbca 3a cboh craptie 3acayrH, nanoMHHaeT o noayqeHHbix hm rpaMO- BMecTe c HyBcreOMycnoKoeHHOCTH, npeaeawecTBOM, y Teabrapu nosiB- aaiorcH HJKAHBenHecKHe iiacTpoeHHH. Hcnoab3ya 3a6oty napTHH, rocyaapcT- sa o pa3BHTHH kcwixo3ob, oh HenpoHb sanycTHTb pyxy h b rocyaapcTBeHHuS KapMaH. Oh roBopmApMaHy, hto ctoht hm ToabKO npouBHTb mmmtaTHBy b CTpoHTeabCTBe Koaxo3Horo ropoAKa, a TaM hx noAAepwHx rocyAapcrBO h aawe HarpaAHT 3a aro. Oh OTopBaaca or KOaaeKTHBa, He BepHT b ero CHahi, He CHHTaerca c pewemieM npaBaeHHa KOJixo3a, oGiucro coSpaHH\" ■■ ~ pemeHHHMH napTHfiHoA nppaaKMTeeppoMa,ecTHi—ui th‘ OpraHH33TOpCKHMH CHOCo6lIOCTHMH, CBOaeBblMxa- uR h SHeprmiHuft pyKOBOHirreab Koaxo3a. Bca ero wiraib— «ywe«Ha HapoAy. Teabra&a ayMaeT, -n-o oh iienorpcmHM, 'Tb rpyfioro 3a*HMa kphthkh, npecaeAOBaHHH apBBWK K MblCJIK, HTO OH BbicliTuyenHKPTHbTHcKHk.phthkoS nporaB Hero; Teaarapa napTopraHHsaiuia npeawe 6uaa, k3k tobopht ApMaH. «y.TO6noft aah Teabrapu*. riosTOMy Tax He HpaBHTca npeaceAaTeaio Koaxo3a kobuA ceK- perapb napTopraHtuau™— ne/ioBeK Bojieeofi, npHHUHnnaabiibiR,
im noHHTb cbohx 3a6.iy)KaeiiHft, to CKa3a.11eMy npaino: «y names opra- BiauBHBnaiHe xbiithtch.ili, H-roObi cboh pnabi aepjxaTb b khctotc. He xo- nne 6un> c napraeii, aeno naine». Heaerxo GbiJio Teabrape BUpnarb H3 ceGa to, >ito BbipacTa.io b nevi b rewme mbothx jibt, ito rayGoxo nycraao xopHH, cae-iajiocb ero «BTopoii larypoS*. «Kax a Mory He Curb TejibrapoS?»—roBopHT oh. MHoro3Ha>m- TaibabiMHCTaHOBHTca b cbh3H c 3THM cjiosa axcaxaaa AGapaxMaHa: «3a- jpuiemiaa Gojie3Hb Bceraa GuBaeT THaxeaofi. /IemiTbcn Hy*HO, toBapam yiieaHT&abHo H3o6pa3iiB iiocHTe.Tefl neKoropbix OTpHuaTejibHux, He aipHuuieMbix b coBerCKOMoGuiecrBe MepT, A. Ta«n6aeB pa3iiocTopoHiie p»- cyer nepeaoBbix 'jiKiaeii xonxo3a. XyaowecTBeHHO npaBAHBo HapacoBaH o6pa3cexpeTapn napinfinoft opraimaamiH ApMaHaA63aJiOBa, Koroporo xon- X03HHKH.noGoBKO Ha3UB310T«'lCaOBeKOM CJlbBHHblMCCPAUeMI. 6 o6pa:ic ApMaHa apHBAGKaer no;!.'i!ii!HaH riapriiMHocTb b noBCaemi] •pyrtoop. Cn.ia ApMana—b Koa.ieKTHBe, b onope Ha Hero. r.iyGoKo ouiHGaaca Teabrapa, Ay.wan, hto ApMaH aeficTBycT b cboh mpHCTHUxne-inx. ApMaHhcxoaht TOAbxo H3HHrepecoBaeaa. Hmchiiono; TOMyoh BucrynaeT nporHB npooxeKTepcxoro miasa Teabrapu, xora er 1 ifflAAepJKHBaeT cexpeiapb paftxoMa XaxcbMibiKOB. BticoKaaco3HaTe;ibHocTb, aenpHMHpHMocrbnoaceMyKOCHOMybw11.1111 fopoCa3a HOBoe onpeae-iaet 06ahk h mhothx Apyrax repoeB nhec BaoxiioBHBiiiHCb aaee# npeo0pa3OBaHHa npHpoAbi, ceMHaecanuieTHKa mcanaaXCaaac, xoroporo «Hora TBHyr Bnocreab, a cepAUe K caeTy», pa3- bhtomhhk caweimcB. MeiTaeT 06 o3eaeiiciiini Bcefl CTena. 0 6aaropoA- ioh, BaoxiiOBeiiHOMTpyae JKaaaca oahh B3 repoeB nbecu roBopiir: «Koraa mooni b pvaax XCaxe, oh neBCH. Cefiqac JKaxe co3Aaer Goabfflyio nowyi. >Kanac ysepeii, qro a cobctckom oflmecTBe aojiwho noCewaarb »w>ko nepeaoBoe, npaBH.ibnoe. £ro yGewaeHHe a onpefleaaeT Ty HenpK- wpaaocTb, c k3koh on othochtch k aafijiywaeHHnM poanoro Gpara Teab- f!pH. npaBAHBH oGpaau a apyrax HapHcosamibix b nbece jnoaei) erap- ®ero noKoaeHHH. B nbece A. TawaGaeBa HapacOBaH psa npeacTaBHTenefl Mo.ioaoro no- SMeiiHa, Oaiiaao ana hx asoOpaaceHaH aBiop He name.! Hywiiux KpacoK, » ohh oKa.iajmcb G.iejaee «aKcaxa.noB». T.iaBHbifi arpOHOM Koaxcea kom- vyHHcr BaXHTwaH BMecre c apyraMa KOJixoaHaxaMH BeaeT 6opb6y npo- thbomiiGoMHoro nnana Teabrapu, oaaaKO eMy HexBaTaer HanopHcrocra. Bocae oKOH'iaimn mockobckoto HHCTHxyra B03Bpanuacb b pojuofl kojixoi *«bXaHaca—AHap. 3aecb ee waaaH c HerepneaaeM, aywaa, aro BMecTe cHewnpaGyaeT «mhoto ynopctBa, SHeprHH*. OaHaKo B3raaau Ha Kiraub y Awap, HHweHepa a KOMMyiiHCTa, riepeaxo npHMHTHBHee, neM y ee orua a IPyrHX K0AXO3HHK0B. B i;a3axcKOH apawaTypraa b nocaeaHHe roau co3aaao HecxoabKO ko- “MhBhmx nbec. 3to CBiiaeTeabCTByeT 0 see Goabinefi aKTOBH3aumi apaMa- ’TpriiH, 0 pa3BHTHii b iiefi pa3HOo6pa3iibix JKanpoB. B nbece 111. XycaHHOBa «BeceHHHft bctcp» (1952) ocmchhu. noaBepr- »yru ocyjKAeHHK) TaKiie oGiuecTBeHHbie nopoxa, Kax MoiueHaqecTBO, oiko- HrHpaTeabCTBO, 3a3Ha«CT30. IIpeaceaaTeab xoaxo3a «Opxeti» MoirtbiK Me- <eeBcero ayMaeT o noanimiH xoaxo3Horo xo3H0CTBa, arHopHpyer MHeHae KoaaexTHBa, aaeT ipHKTHBKbie cboakii 0 xoatmecTBe 3aceHHHbix reKTapoB. “HoamBoxpyr ceGa npiixaeGaTeaeft a JibCTeuoB. BaHy 3a cboh npecrynae- HHHMofirax peuiH.1 CBaaHTbHa naeiH MoaoaoroarpoHOMaxoaxo3a HypuMa. 143
HcnbiTHBcaocaeTaplieeeroorKya3nxoVa .Ockch*. b Kanxo3e, Ha noKouib eMy npn- Ohh BcnaxKBaioT paiiee Hencnoab- 30BaHHyio ueaHimyro 3eMJHO. H3 coccflHero we KOJixo3a aioah pa3raHAeaH h noaaHHHyio cyiuHOCTb MofiTwxa. fleByuiKa Xopaan, arpoMeJinopaiop 3Toro Kiaxcaa HaiHHaer 6opb6y npoTHB MofiTbixa, efi noMoraeT npeAceaaTeab- HHii'aKojixo3a tOcxeH* ToprbiH, nocreneaHO b 3Ty 6opb0y BTariiaaioTCHapy- rne aioah, b aacraocra HypUM. K KOHuy nbecu Mohtuk pa3o6aaHeH. raaBHoe B KOMMiiii — WHBbie aenoBeaecKae xapaKTepa repoes. Be3 npKoro HsoCpaweHHHxapaxrepoB, 6es yMeHHH BbiaBHTb hx noaaHHiiyio cy«- iiocTb lie noMoryr liHKaxiie BHCUiiiHe KOMimecxHe npneMbi, cirryamm, noao- wchhsi. Komiom ;io.7wen saxaioiaTbCH hmohho b Ha-rype, TeMnepaMeHTe. npiiBbi'iKax, B3raajax, hbkjiohhoctbx, riocTynKax aioAeii — b tom, 'ito coc- Taa/jaer xapairrep, o6ahk HeaOBexa. Bcamie KoMH'iecKHe nonowemiil, ciiTya- hhh, nepHneniHaojukhh (SwTb opraHH30Banu xapaKTepoM, BurexaTb 113 Hero, jioJisiTbCii caeaCTBiieM ero onpeaeJicHHoro cKJiaaa. Miiamc roBopsi, hcto'ihhku ciueuinorc saxaioieubiB caMHX xapaxtepax. B KOMeaHii cBccemirn'i nerep* ecTb xoMHaecKHc noaoweiiim paa.aiiMiio- ro xapaKTepa. Oahh 113 hhx — nposB-ieiiHe cMeuiHbix ,'iepT b xapaxTcpax nepcoiiawefi, apyrne— caMOABBAeioiiiHe 3a6aBHbie noaoweiiim. rioaTOMy mowiio roBopHTb o Ha.iHMiiH b 9TOM npoH3BefleHHH kombahAhoctr no.vnm- HOHH .MHHMOH- HeoaHOKparao nonaaaeT b CMeuinhie caryamin ueiiTpaawiuii nepcoiiaw nbecw— Mohtuk. Octpo KOMHHeii Tanofi Mov.eiiT: MofiTUK yGcwAen, ‘ito HOBbift npeaceaare.ib paiiiicnoiwoMa Ejitox H6paeu, ccah cyAHTb no i|iaM»- .aiiii,— ero poaciBeHHHK, no9TOMy, uaaeacb Ha ero noaAcpwxy, oh Ha'iimaer BecTH ce6si eme fiojiee BbiabiBaioiue, mcm paHee. ripn nepBOfl wc BCTpene c Eatoxom MoiiTbiK y6eWAaeTCH, hto bhaht ero nncpBue b WH3HH; pyuiaTca bcc ero HaAewAM, y Hero noAKauiHBaioTca Horn, oh naAaeT 11a KOJieim. Ha- Jiec, ywe CyAym pa3o6AaienHbiM, cihitum c paOoTbi h otaiimmijm itoa cyA, iMoflTWK, BbliiflH c coCpamiii, rAe Bee aro npOH3ouiJio, oniipaercii Ha naeqo CBoero npHXAe6aTCjiH UlaiiMyxana h iianpaeaiieTcsi k mjxoAy. B3pbiB cMe- xa 3Aecb Bbi3UBaeT penjuma axcaxaiia ToHiunOeKa, mctko cKa3aBiuero: «Haniea 11a xoro oneperbcn®, tcm Oojiee, hto 3pHTeab, HHTaTeab 3HaioT, tto lUafiMyxaH— oahh H3 Tex, kto npHBea MofiTbixa i< cro no3opnoMy xonny. CnoficTBaMH xapaKTepa UiafiMyxaHa MOTHBHpoBaiibi ero nocTynKH. Oh BTepca BACBepHeKMoHTbiKy, BMecre chum oCBoponbiBa.i koaxo3, Gbia3anoc- hhb h rpy6 c .noabMii, KOTopbic ctohjih HHwe ero no hoaowchhio, 11 noAO- 6ocrpacreH, yroAAHBc liaiaabcTBOM. XapaxTepHa cneita. B Koropoii IIIaiiMy- xa» «y.iHMaeT» npeaceaaTeAH paftncno,iKOMa Ejrroxa b OpaKOHbepcTue. yBH- AeB bejioBCKa c pywbeM h b oxoTimibei'i OAewne, IIlafiMyxaH crporo cnpa- HiHBaeT, kto oh h noieny HapvuiaeT npaBH.ia oxora. Ho KaKmibKo Eatox na3UBaeT cboio AOJUKiiocn., UlajiMyxaii yiiHweHno npociiT H3BimeHHH. CMe- m° k M0MeilT’ Kowa IUaflMyxaH, npeayraAbiBasr pa3o6jia'ieiiiie 11 cusiTvie MoflTMKa c nocTa npeiiceAaTejm Koaxosa, npocHT ero nocitopecCMeiiHTb exiy •oypyio KopOBy Ha naoByio c Teaxofi b npnaaiys. Hhoh xapaKTep liMeeT b ribece ofipHcOBKa apyriix nepcoiiaweft. Bot crapHKH, Koaxo3irae Miipadbi Eaum6eK h To8uiH6eK, neoAnoKpaTiio bctv- naiOT b riOTacoBKy, orpbiaaioT Apyr y Apyra bopothhkh. Kphmuctch npiie- xaBuian k MoHTbixy 3a AapoBbiMH ko.ixo3humh npoayKTaMH ropowatma Ca- rHaa: oHa to kphkahbo CpoHHTcn c Xynap, to, HanHBiuncb, BbiaimaeTocraT- Ha3^ Mcp„c3 nj,e'10 H 0<5aHBaer Haxoasmeroca no3aAH nee TpaKTO- DHcra^KupayCaa. Bo Bcex 9thx cayqasx nepea HaMH ToabKO BneiuHHa ko- «K°MHiecKHe> nepconawH BBeaeHbi xan 6bi cneiuiaabno ansi t ApaMaiHiecKaa (jiyHKUHH coBepuieimo He
cipe»«Ha, b pasBHTHH aeiicrBHa, cioweva oimHe ynacTByioi, ociaBaHCb 'BcraBHUUH» nepcoHaxcaMH. OcofieHHOCTbio KoMeaHiiHoro HcnyccTBa flBaaercn to, hto uses, 3aMhi- eejxyaojKHHKa Bonaomaerca b komhlecKiix xapaKTcpax h CHTyauHax. Cepb- e3«oe coacpwaHHe 3Aeo, o5aei;aerca b ijiopMy cMeiuHoro, He nepecraBasi SaTbcepbe3HHK no CBoeity 3iiaaeiuiio, no BOcimTaTenbHofi ipyuKumi. Ko- BEqccKHe h «cepbe3iibie» nepcoHawa b komcakh ao/ijkhu Haxoanrbca b opraamecKoS,- HepacTopwHMofi cbh3h, coeraiuiaTb oaho ueaoe. Taxoe H3o6- pasteaae WH3iin b komcahh TpeSyer cepbesHoro MacrepCTBa ApanaTypra. 3ioroMacrepcTBa eme He XBaTaeT aBTopy KOMeAHH«BecetiHHii aereps. Bnbece napa.i.'ieAbiio cocymecTByiOT ABanaana—KOMeAJifinwfi a «cepb- bhh8>. riepBbifl, bhahwo, npeAHa3HaneH AJia pa3B.TC'iemia ny6xHKH, bto- po8Kax6h HeceT rnaBHyio HAeiSiiyio iiarpy.iKy npoH3BefleHHa. KoxureecKHe nepcoHawH 3aHHMatOTca cbohm KOMHKOBaimeM, a nepcoHawn tccptesnue® cjywar pynopaMH aBropy fl.ia BupajKoima iiach npoH3BeAeima, aa-iaioTca [ooiippaMa, pa3i>acHaiouuiMH cmucji npoHCxoAawero Ha cnene. Topran, sanpiMep, nocroaHHo paatacHaeT, hto Ae-io c Mohtmkom— He npocroe Ae- .m,rax KaK«3to He Taxaa fio-ie3Hb, ot Koiopofl mo* ho jierKo raaeiHTbca. 0»a pacKHHyjia kophh >iepe3 poACTBeHHhie, 3eMAaaecKHe, npHareabCKHe h AiiaaorHanuc mmcah HeoAnoKpanro BbiCKa3ueaer Xopaan. Be3 KOHaa opexaeT«ncTHHbi» Eatox. >Kanp KOMeAHHb Ka3axcK0fi apaMaiypraii toabko 3apo«AaeTCa, norowy mi, b Kai<ofi-To cTeneimofi-bacmiMbi HCKOtoptie HeAOCTaTKH. OairaKo b pa3- aarBH9raro waHpa nosBHAHCb h ne.B/iopoBue •reiucmimi, ouinfioiHoe noiin- \"airae hckotopux momchtob KOMeflHitHoro HCKyccTBa. B 1954 rOAy A. TawnCaeB onyG.iHHOBa.i cboio nbecy «/Iy6a8 Ulyfiae- w>, Koropyio o6juecTBemiocTb cnpaeeAAHBOocyAHAa. HacrynarcAbHasi (fiyiiKUHa b nbece tflyfiafi IUy6aeBHi» nepeAana otpHHaTeAbHbiM nepcoiiaweM, nonoTKiiTCAbmje we repon o6penenHApaHa- nproMTOAbKO Ha o6opoay, na Bsuioe, naccHBHoe conpoTHBAeHHe amiBHUM ApmareAbitbiM aioahm, are BOBce He cooTBercrByeT npaBAe Hamefi jkh3kh. 3a rOAU CobctckoS BAacra y Bcex HapOAOB Hauieft crpaiiM BbipocAa ibohiiamioHa-ibiiaH hhtcaawrennun. 3aK0H0Mep«o, hto xyAowiiHKHco3AaioT apoii3Beaeiinsi 06 HHTeAAiireHUKH, noKa3waaior nepenopbix npcAcraBHTeAeft ® ee cpeAbi a noABepraioT ocywneHHio nepewHTOHiibie hbachha a co3H3hhh er*eAbHbix AiOAeft, HenocraTKK B hx noBeAeHHH. CoBereKOMy 3pHTe.n0 H3Becnibi TaKHe npoH3BCACHHsi ApaMaiyprim, KaK 06•BesHKaa c«Aa» B. PoxamoBa. « 3 aK0ti Hearo A. Uli-emia, «Hywaa Tem,» K. CaMOHOBa, «flBa aarepa» A. JlKoGcoHa, «Mami raioBHii* C. MnxaAKOBa. 11 ftfiCKHCTaHe yfiryH Hanwcan mTe.’iAHreHmm nbecy «XHKMaT», b ApMenuHJ[. Kaparc3HHu T. Tep-I'pHropbsn maajm «3th 3Be3AMnaiuii*. » BeaopycCHH K. KparaBa—«Kto cMeeTca nocaeAHHMs, b TaaWHKHCTaiie C. VAyr-3aAe— «HcmeAH», M. MHpomaxap—«Mo8 ropoA*. B Ka3axcKoa ApaMaiypran Tanwe namtcaHO HecKOAbKO naec o cobct- cxofi HHTeAAHreHnHH. B nbece M. HMaHwaHona «Moa AioSoab* («Meiiin Maxa66aTbiM», H3o6pawaioTCa HayiHue coTpyAiimof, pa6oraiouine b o&aacTH » h- WHoBOACTBa. flpaMaTypr noKa3biBaeT, htoy Hacywe BbipocAa nauHOHaAb- Ma HHTeAAHieHUHa, xoropaa paGoTaeT b pa3AHHHbix oOnaciax HapoflHoro xtuaScTBa. Hay’iHbiS pa6oiHiiK AxaH KeMeAOBripoAojiwaer pa6ory no co- 10-241 MS
BepiuenciBOBaHHio apxapoMepuHoca, cMy noMoraioT TpyweiiHKii k npoH3BOflCTBa. OanaKo a b cpaae HayiKbix paOoTHHKOB ecro eme Heaaopo- Bbie BBJieHHfl, KocHbie H (JjajihOiHBbie .toah. npo([)eccop Eahjiob » Kama- aar Haya DyKen6aeB BcaiecKH MemaioT pa6ore Axaiia, TpaBsrr ero. Ho moc- KOBCKHe y«ieHue oaoOpaioT HanpaBJieHHe ero paCoTH, B nponiBHHKH OTcry- 5' KonHio ayjKoil pyKonncH H peuiHBiuHfi 3auunnarb Ha ee ocHOBe t cepTauHK). Ho KaK BoTaSen jJaypeHOB hh H3ompsuica —yciumti oCTa.i TmeTHbiMH. Ero pa3o6jia>iaiOT cneu, wena h JiymimA Apyr Ejiatac, y koto- poro oh Bbinpaji pyxonHCb. OTeu, npo^eccop flaypeHOB, buhocht e.My cypo- bub npHroBOp 3a coBepiueHHoe npecTynaeime, a ce(5e 3a to, hto He cyMen BocmiTHTb cbiHa, Hecyueji CAejiaTb H3Hero no-iiHoneHHoro >uieHa ofiwecraa. Mhoto HHTepecHMx BonpocoB 3aTpoHyTo b m>ece A. A6mueBa «ripH- rOBop OTua», oAHaxo He Bee ohh ao KOHua xyAOJKecTBeKHOpa3peuieHhi; 6oaih- IUHHCTBO H3 HHX 3BTOp OCTaBJTHeT «OTKpblThIMH». UI. XycaHiioB b nbece «BajioBiiuK» (cEKipnceu epue*) 3arpoHyHTaiOKe Hpe3Bbi<iaRHo BaiKHbifi Bonpoc o BocmiTamm noapacraiomero noKoaeHHfl. MapaT, iviaiiKbiii nepconaw, H3Ga.K>Baimu>( CBoeft MaTepbio-MemaiiKoB, co- Bepmaer pan npociynKOB, KpaaeT b nixone paAHonpneMHHK. Orau MapaTa, «BcerAa 3aH>rrufi OTBeTCTBeiiHbifi pa6oraHK», He CAeJiaB aftawnoTHO HHnero abb nepeBocnHTaHHx ctJHa, cpa3y we nepeAaeT ero b pyKH mhahahh a jib ompaBKH b HcnpaBBTejibHO-TpyAOBofl Jiarepb. 0 6 iuhm HeAocTaTKOM Ha3BaHHbix nbec hbjihctch to, hto b hx ocHOBy K.aaaeTCH no'ieMy-TO oftoaTe.ibHO npecrymieHHe, npHiem Taxoro xapaKTepa, C KOTOpbIM AOJ1WHH HMCTb AejIO OpraHbl lOCTHUHH. B ueicrpe 3Thx npoH3BeaeHHfl ctobt oipimaTejibHbie nepconawH, a no- AowHTejibiibie, xoth hx 'lacro h Gojibme no KOAHiecTBy, no CBoefi ApaMBTH- MecKoft (JyyHKUHH ycrynaioT nepBbiM. Huaxe roBopa, ApaMaTyprw u 3Aecb craBHT no.TOWHTejibiibix h OTpHuaTe-ibHux nepcoHawefi b nenpaBH,ibHbie B3aHMooTHOineHHB. OAnocTopoHHee, nepeAKO HenpaBHjibiioe ocBeweHHe no- ■nynaeT cpeaa iiayqmjx paCoTHHKOB, MHorae H3 kotopwx npeAcraaneHU wy- AHKaMii, HeBewaaMH, npoxoahmuamh, CK-iOMHHKaMH. B to we BpeMfi b 3thx mnbecax Mano o6pa30B HacToaiiinx, nepeaoBUx coBercKHx yneiiux. Ha MarepHajiax whsiim HHTejimreHUHH nocTpoena h libeca III. Xv- cMHOBa «Bnepa h ceroAHH* («Kemc MeH 6yriH»). Ona inuraeTca nepepa- oo-raHiibiM BapHaHTfiMm>ecM «Mapa6aS», HanHcaiiHoB ApaMaryproH bo bto- pon nonoBHHe 30-x toaob. H b 3toB nbece noKa3biBaeTCH 6oph6a nepeAOBbix o6niecTBeimbix cii.i c cu.'iaMH oTCTajiu.MH, kochmmh, todmo3»uuimh ABHweHHe nnepen. Ecbh a h - peKTop TpecTa cobxo3ob, yieHbtB MapaSafi Akhohob, 6operca 3a.nepeAOBoe, peMHTCH KopoHHUM o6pa30M npeo6pa30BaTb cTenHbie noocropu. to jtioah Kociiue. (|ia.-ibiiiHBbie OTCTaHBaioT crapoe. Ec-ih MapafiaS b cBOexi n.iaiie npen.'iaraeT pacnaxaTb crenb, npeBpaTim. ee b noceBKbre raomaAH. mto6m Kcnpa\" ‘' ' 1' ^ ' ' 3eD\"° H ''O'*4' w CKora, to rJiaBHbift ero npoTMPHMx Eckhp- iT.eoc^TB™CH„,Ha3UhxlBCaTeeTn’H1H,7x0n1KaHcBrOC'rHHWOBaxOACTBO MOWeT pa3BHBaTbC3 TOAbKO Ha ec- oS,'rz=,f5S sr„rrs.s. sSrz, buefluiero paaBHTHa wnBOTHOBOACTBa. nAoro%0Ko\\DoA^Kpa(5oTofl
ipecia. K 3TOMy npncoe/nmn.iacb ewe oa«a era oimtfiKa. noaflasniHCb yro- eopaMCBOeii JKcmj-MemaHKH, oh peKoMeHaoBaa ee poacTBeHHHKa Ha aoa- *HdCTbjrapeKTopa coBX03a, a tot pa3BaJHu xo3h8ctbo. Bocno.ib30BaBiUHCb Bcaa3thm, npoTHBiiHKHMapafian nouuiH b HacrynaeHHe Ha nero u BpeineH- OjHaKO Mapa6afi Heonycraji pyKii. riocae Bcero cnyHHBUierocfi, b3iyih- hjbTpe3BhiMH ma3aH» Ha aefiCTBHTejibHOCTb, oh HaxoaHT b ce6e chjiu 60- portca. Ero xapaxrep MywaeT, 3aKajiHeren b xoae OopbGbi. Emy Ha noMowb npaxoMT Apy3bH, ohh BMecro CTaporo, coxoxeHHoro cjiyiaflHO era xenoft naaaa cocTaBjitnOT hobuS iuiaH, kotophB npHHHMaerca. CnpaBwmBOCTb ropKecreyeT. B iibece HapHcosan neauft paa xapaxrepOB. Bonpyr Ecnpxeaa rpyn- napyioTcaTpycu, noaxajiHMbi: CaGaraB—3aMecTwreab MapaGas, Yaepa— yipaBneaaMH Tpecra; ohh pbHHo BbicTynaiOT npoTHB MapaGaa, xoraa oh BOBepxeH. B hx we aarepe, no cyTH aeaa, oxa3HBaeTCH h arpoHOM Hhh3, KOiopuB H3-3a csoefi oObiBaTeabCKofl ncHXonornn CTpeniHTCH yBra ot pa3- ropeBmeficH 6opb6bi, xoth BHyrpeHHe noHHMaer, hto npaBaa Ha crapOHe Hapafiati. 3a MapaGan SopiOTca ero ctopohhhkh: arponoM CepHK, jkhbothobo,! 4‘eaopOeaopoBHH Bopo6beB, anpeKrop coaxcoa 3axapoB. Oaiiaxo am $h- typa noayqHJTHCb neBupa3HTe.ibHUMH, HeaopHCOBaHHbiUH, ohh nponrpbi- Baror b cpaBHeHHH c orpHuaTeabHUMH nepcoHawaMH. B nbecax «Moh moGoBb», «3aBHCTb» («Kviiuii/iaiK»), «B<repa h ceroa- aa» apaniaTyprH co3aaioT caTHpimecKiie (|>Hrypu,eaxo BbicMeHBaioTpaaimi- «se ofiuiecTBeHHbie nopoxH, Ghhviot KapbepHcroB. MeutaH, noaxajiHMOB, 3a- BacraHKOB, GopfOTca c HOCHTe^iHMH 6ypwya3HO-4)eoaajibHbix nepexnTXOB. Haao CKa3aTb, hto b p33bhthh carapu BooGme, caTHpHqecKofi apaMa- lypraHb lacTHOCTH, Ka3axcKaa JiHTepaTypa erneOTcraeTotHexoropbix apy- >ax 6paTCKHX amepaTyp. HanpHMep, y30excxHe apaMaTyprn noxa3HBaioT lopourafl npHMep b pB3bhthh carapH. ycnexoM noaib3yioTCH «CepaeHHbie TafiHM* E. PaxMaHOBa, xEonbsibie 3y6bi» A. Kaxxapa. UeauB paa Hirrepec- Hmihx caTHpmecKHX npoH3BeaeHHii co3AaH Ha yapaHHe, b BejiopyccHH. npeoaoaeim orcTaBamisi b co3aaHHHcaTHpH'iecKHX npo«3BeaeHHfi 1KasaxcKHX ApaMaryproo ecrb pea.ibHbie bosmowhocth. B 1955 roay A. AGinneB3aKO!i'iipi m>ecy.«3aBHCTb». ywe no Ha3BaHHio \"Mcu mowho cyaHTb, hto b neft 3aTpaniBaercH npoGjicwa MopaaH. HocHTejTCH 3aBHcni B nbece hbjihctch KeaHMaH KeabaexGaeB. ZlpaMarypry oGpa3 KeJiHMaHa B ochobhom vaaaca. flepea hbmh npea- naer o6pa3 3aBHCTiiHKa bo sceft ero Mep30CTH0il cyuiHocTH, nopox pacKpur “Mimo K3K ofiiuecraciiiibiH nopoK. a lie xax GesoGnaHbift HeaocTaroK b no- MJttHHHToro hah HHoro nexoBeKa. Ke.lHMaiI, HCXOAHH3 KOPKCTHHX HHTCpeCOB, 3aBHaySt yaanaM K0AXO3- Ror“ arpoHOMa Mepes, totob yMepTBHTb b 3apoflbiiue Haeio 06 ycTpofiCTBe xyKypyaiibix nocesoB, xora npexpacno RoiniMaer orpoitmoe Hapo,niio-xo3aBcT- »iHOe 3Ha'iemie snofi BKCOKoypowamioii xyAbTypu. Ho u.iea ywe khbot. 1 KeaHMaH nbo-aerca npn iiomowh paajiiiHiiux yxHinpeHHft B MaxHHaunfi onopoHHTb Mepen h npHCBOHTb ero mhcjih ceCe. OTCioaa h KaeneraHHecKoe iwaMo, h aowHue c.ivxh. h crpewaasH* soccraHOBHTb npotBB arpoHOMa cexperapn paHK.ona Bypafias BaisTa5aeBa. Ho aBTop iibecu «3aBHCTb» nomen no HCBcpuoMy nyTH, xoraa paaii MH6oaee HpKoro H3o6paweiran CBoero oCHOBiioro nepcoHawa napyuinn jio- r,Ky pa3BHTiin xapaxrepOB apyrwx aeiiCTByioiunx ,’ihh- Kohchiio, b niofloW ni«ce HeH36ewiiu nepcoHawn, Menee ofawreabHO ofipHCOBaiiHue. nepco-
o «cjiy*e6Horo» naana'ienra, Airaib noMoraioiUHC pacKpbrnno xa- paKTepoE xhobhux repocB. Ho Aio&xe H3 hhx aoawhh obrrb HanHcamj b iix noBeaeiiHe aoawhbi BepHTb. A aBTOp «3aBBCTH» b yroay o6pasy KeaHMana nocrynHJica nparwoft raoSpawemiH HexoTopbix Apyrax anepconaweM, b 'lactHocni cexpeTapa pafixoMa BypaSaa Kaannu, MaTepn CaaKHH, Ha3ryab h AaMeui. BypaCafi BbiraaaHT b nbece raynoisaraM aeaoeeKOM, KoropbiM Kcah- MaH bgptht, nan xo4GT. Pa3pyuieix raxwe xapaKTep Kaaanbi. Bitaaaae C03flaeTca BneMaweiwe, hto Kaaana—aecTHO npowHBiuasi cboio wi(3iibTpy- xceHHUa. OcraBiimcbbo Bpexia boBhh 6es uywa c Tpexia aeTbHH, ona cyMe- aa hx BbipacxuTb, xatb hm o6pa30B3HHe. H3 pen/iHK Ka.nnibi bwhbahiotch ee 3jopoBue B3rAHflbi. Hbot BApyr oHanoAaaaacb yroBopaw Cmkhh h Ke- aHMaaa, craaa nporHBUTbca 6paay Ha3ry.11, c MepeeM Ha tom ociioBaHHH, bto oh jiHiuh Ko.ixo3Hbni arpoHOM, a Ha3ry.ib AOAwiia hko6u 6biTb weHoii KeaoBCKa «noBUine». Kaawia cowa.ieeT, mo cc MjiaAUiaH aon, HaMeuu buiu- hm oGhhhhm y6e*jcHHflM, pa3o6Aa>iaeTKajiHkiaHa ii Ca.iKHio.TaKHe KOjxeCa- hhh b noBeaeHHH KaAHnbi nywiihi aBTOpy nbecu He ana oeywACHiia ee lie- nocTOHHCTBa, a aah-roro, htoOu npeaocTaBiirb no3Mo>KHocib KeAHMaiiy CTpo- HTbcboh ko3hh hiepe3 Hee. Ca.iKHa BepxoBoaHT KajiHMaHoM, iiaerer liHTpii- ra; ee ueJib— HawHBa, iiapsiAU, 6e3aeahe. OHa OAepwHMa 3aBHCTbio, ne wa- Aeer pawe poahoB cecTpu Haary.ib, roroBa nory(5nrb ee wemixa Mepea h OTflaTb cecTpy Dypafiaio, mto6h TOAbKo «npnpymiTb» ceKperapa paiucoMa, CAeaaTb cbohm nocayuiHHM opyAHeM. 3AopoBue ch.iu noBe.iH npoTHB hhx 6opb6y h oAepwa.nt no6eay. 3ra 6opb6a hbahctch ochoboB ApaMarypru'iecKoro koh<[>ahkt3, ABHwymeft ch- Ha.iH'iHe npoTHBoCopcTByxAUHX chji HeoCxoAHMo aah a >0Soft nbecbi. 3ro He o3Haaaer, aro TaKHMH chabmh Moryr SbiTb TOAbKo oaccoBue chjiw. BopbOa B03MowHa h mcway JiioAbMH oanoro h -roro we KJiacca. Ecjih we sroro Her, HHaae roBopa, ecAH iieT b iipoii3BCAeHHH Koncp^HKra, o KaKOii we 6opb6e, o KaKOMwe cioweTHOM HanpaweHHH MOweT hath peab? B nbece «3aBHCTb» KeAHMaiiy, Caanae h Bypafiaio npornBOCToaT Hec- KOAbKo noAowareiibHbrx nepcoHaweB. 3to pa3Htie aioah h no B03pacTy, h no ofimecTBeHHOMy noAowenmo. CpeAa hhx h oahh H3 ociiobhux repocB ntecu — Mepefi, h anna 3nH30AH*rccKHe, BTOpocrenemihre. Mepeft SBASieTca raaBiibiM npoTHBHHKOMKe.iH.Mana, ocHOBHaa 6opb6a pa3BcpTMBaeTca MewAy hhmh. Oahbko AonyuteiiHbie ApaMaTyproM npoctieiM b komhobhuhokhom nocrpoeHHH nbecu MeinaioT pa3BHTHio cioweTa h HepeAKo HapyinaioT npaBAy o6pa30B. OcHomioe ciowerHoe ABiiwenne b nhece «3aBHCTb» CBa3aH0 co B3aiiMo- OTHOuieHHaMHh6opb6oii Mepea h KeAHMaiia.OAiiaKO, KorAa Apanarypr ycTa- MH nepcoHawefi HiiijiopMHpyeT kto Tanofi KeAHMaH, bto bpcaht pa3BHTmo cioweTa, ero HanpaweHHocTH, 3aiiHMaTeAbiiocTH nbecu. 011B nepBOit we Kapniae nepBOro AeficTBHa KeAHMau npeACTaeT«3aoaccm» caMopa30<5Aaiaerca h o neM HHiJjopMHpyeT, ocTaBUincb OAHa Ha cneiie! flaMem. OHa roBopaT: «KaK toabko npimemb k hum, AaAyT naio Ha py6Ab a Ha AecuTh OTpafioraTb saeraBHT. nan we hm ne 6urb SoraraMH?! Bo Bpe- MS BOHHWcesAH XAe611a koaxo3hux noAHX, npoAaBaAH ero Ha punxe H Ha 3T0M pa36oraTeAH. A Tenepb, nepeBaptre Bee npewHee, naiaan o6«BaTb no- sooAaHHTeAebMHHoHr'o^pa3roBMoOpfal 3cnTruypKaeoAaHeMMa,HKeX.HiHTMpeaena3hAcemcb...»weK,pboMneepBcOaHMKopapa-- a Mepea. Oh npeAyn- 1MH OT HMCHH WHBOT-
ive-iiiMan ciaHer • . .. .............. raaOHH, qepea BypaGan npoBaeT b ana/ieMHio, noav'iHT 3BaHne yqeaoro. MepeBTaKMte pacno3iiaer KeJiHMaiia c caMoro naqajia. H Hecnyqafiao, Heawa He OTMenrrb, o/uiaKO, s e «3ai!HCTb» yaaqHbix kohuobok toaiHHerea aKTOB h KapTHH. OfipuBaa b hhx aeacreae na qeM-HiiGyflb 3ai(HMaTe.'ibiioM, npeanona- nnueu HHTepecHoe pa3BHTne npoHcxoasnnero b Gyayuiax KapTHHax, bbtop co3aaer tcm caMUM H3BecrHoe apaMarypraaecKoe iianpa/Kcnire, a Kanoii-To sepeaocnojinfla npoOcau b oCuieM KOMno3HUHOHHOM nocTpoeima nbecu. BnocaeBOGHHue roau na3axcKHe apawaTyprn crpeMirrca k co3aaHHio spKHXxyaojKeciBCHHbrx o6pa30B, npaaaHBHx xapaKTepoB. Xora b nbece <ipy*6a h aioCoBb* ecTb cepbe3Hbie HewocTarea, ho b neii apanarypry JjaaocbnapncoBaTb pan upaBaHBbix xapaKTepoB. HHweHep Cayjie KaaGe- <osa, aoxCaccoBeu Mhpoh naBJioBHH, noaouibie uiaxrepu Ka3Gex h Taft- «aa—y6eaHTeabHbie ofipa3u. BocnHTaiiHue cOBeTcxofi AeBcTeareJibaocTbio, waaTpyanoe a-’ih Poahiih BpeMa, b Bonny,oraaiOT Bee cbohchjiuoGimcmv JUyopraHH3auHH noGenu aaa BparoM. MneuHo sto 0 6 ycj1 0 BH.n0 KomJuiiKT >OMy3TKMHnepeaOBUMHCOBCTCKHMHjnOflbMH II BpeMeHHUM HaXaJlbHHKOM nasra, KoncepBatopoM a aepecrpaxobikhkom Mupaa^OM. 3tot koh^pihkt ipaWB a pa3peiuaeTca b nbece SHeprHMHO, apaaeM no.ioWHTejihnwe nep- wiaKHaKTHBiibi. B03HHKH0BeHae, pa3BHTHe a 3aBepmeHne KOH^Jimrra no- feloSnojiowHTejibiiwx repoeB onpaiiaaHO aoraaoB noBe^eaiia a xapaatepoB •epeaoBUx coBeTCKHX JlKweii. nonojKHTejibHbift onUT co3aaHHH npaBflHBhix qeaoBeqecKiix xapamepoB aiQ3axcKofl ApaMarypraa .la.ibine imoaotbopho pa3BHBaer nbeca A. Tawa- «U.BeTH, crenb!s..B aeii ApaMaTVpr otxcwht or npncMOB HacaiueaHH «P083BeaeaHa npOHCUiecraHsiMH, cJiy'iaiiHUMH coGhthsmh, npeBpaiuaBumMH OKraumb nycToe 3peamu.e a AaiomiiMH ceGaMyBCTBOBaThbo Miiorax ho- xeiirax,fla*e b nbece sflpywGa h mo6oBb». B nbececUbcth, crcnb!» ockob- weSHHwaiiHe yflejraeic* jhoabm, xapanrepaw. 3necb HapiicoBaHU apaae “ipaauae toai>ko neiirpajibiibix repoeB, ao a TaKHXnepconawefi, xan koji- XojhhB caaoBo/t /[<anac, arpoaoM Baxm-waK. OchobhoS KOHcJuinKTpa3BH- aereaMeway Tenhrapofi a ApMaiiOM. On B03HHKH3CTOjiKiioBewis pasjnra- ®xnoCBoeiaycoaepwaimio, caMo6biTHHXa canbiinx xapaKTepoa. AxTHBiiocTb b nbece «U,BeTH. crenb!» npHiiaaaewHT nepcoaawaM, iia Wpoae KoTopbix Hacroamaa npaisaa, nepeaoBoii, omciaioinjifi wn3Heimofi \"KfixonaMocTH naan flaJibileiiuiero pa3Biiraa wh3hh ao.nxo.-ia, iia cropoae wrcpaxciiaa KoaaeKTHaa. TiinH'iHufi npeacraBaTeai. nepeaOBorocobctckoto 'GffiecTBaApMaH Bonnomaer noJiowmeJibHue qepra xapamepa aoBoro Me- tlpoGneMa apaMatypranecaoro KOHi|>airara— sto npewne Bcero npoG- •leaaco3nanna npaBAiietixxapaKTepoB, ax B3aMMOOTiiouieHHft, GopbGu, npeo- JWHHnhmh peaJibHbix wnsHeHHHX TpyaaocTefi, npoTHBopenafl. AGcrpaxi- xapaaTep HMeeTkoii^jihkt b nbece IU. XvcaaHOBa «BeccanHfi Berep*. a'\"Rimk 3aecb HsoGpaacaerca aaic «3JioaeS» BOo6uie, npnieM cymecisyio- \"W orepbiTo, a TaaoS nona3 oTpnuaTeJibiioro repon neMHiiyewo npHBOfliir * nojMeae ApaMaTanecxoS Gopb6bi luunocipanaeB «OTpHuaTanbnocrn» ,vm- »oronepcoHawa. ZleMoiicTpanaefi pa3.raniibix ijiaabuiHBux qepr b ueiirpa.ib-
hux nepcoHawax nopMeiieH koikJjahkt b nbece «Hy6att UlyfiaeBni* A. Ta- wxfiaeBa. 63 0 3ripaBAHBO OTo pa HB npoHcxoasimiie b HauieM ofimecTise, b K AXO - 6hom crpoHTejibCTBe npouoccbi, A. Tawn acB b CBoefi nbece «Ubcth, crenb.* 6 3y eaHTeabHO Hapitconaji xapaKTepu, OTpa H/r pea-ribiibie iipoTHBOpe--wn. no- 6•roMy no eaa no.iowHTe.ibHbix nepconawefi b KOHue naecai BocnpHHHMaerca k3k jiorHxecKoe 3aBepmeiiHe pa3BHTnn KOH(|)JiHKTa, KaK cneacTBite aeiicrBHH, nocryriKOB nepeaoBHX cobctckhx jnoaeS, aothkh noBeaeiiHn HapHCOBaiiHbix xapaKTepoB. 3oepacoBna raySoKHx xapaKTepoB, orpawaiomHX o&beKTiiBHHO 3aKono- HepnocTH npoHCXoaauwx B hch hh nponeccoB, npoTMBOpeiHfi, oSecneMHuaCT C03AaHHC OCTpblX, npaBPHBbIX KOH(f>«lHKTOB, WH3HeHHO 3aKOHO>iepHOe pa3- BHTHe KOTOpbIX C03flaer eAHHCTBeHHO B03M0WHblft, [ipaBAHBblfi CIOWCT npOH3- BeaeHHa. CTpeMJieiiae k HCKyccrBemiofi 3aHHM3TejibKOCTn, k ii3oCpa«c-imo CJty- qaMHocTefi, iicaopaayxfeHHS, iiaayMamibix cirryamifi, nepHnernfi 3HammvTi,HO noepeAWio pa3peuieHHio 3arpoHyTofi b nbece A. AGnnieba «E/iKHaa ce>iba» Tem Koaxo3Hofi crpoHKH, cBeao na HeT nporHBopeiHH, nepcHtcaio HAeiiHbift uchtp nbecu Ha aio6oBiibiBTpeyrtwifcHHK: KpeMHeB— »<aHap —Afiaoc. np«- Be.io k nenpaBAOnoao6HOMy aoxceTHOMy nocTpoeHHio. 3th HCAoeraTKii bo mhoi-hx MOMeHrax apacyiAH h nbece A. A6ameBa «flpyxc6a HAioCoBb®, xoth ocncEHaa croweTaaa ahhhh— 6oph6a 3a co3Aanne yrojibHoro KOMOaflua — 3aecb pa3BHBaeTca y6eAHTCjibHo h Hanpawemio. noBepxHOOTHaa oOpucoBica o6pa30B h BBeAeiiHc ycaoBiioro Koin|>iinKTa lie motjio lie oTpasHTbca Ha ck>- were h b nbece «Mos Jiio6om>» M. MMaHwaiioBa. JIjih cbb3h aeiicTBHft h noKa3a B3aHMOOTHoinCHHH nepconaweft apaMaTypr npnSeraeT k homoiuh Tc.icijioHHbix pa3roBopoB. Ecjih yCpaTb hx H3 nbecu, AeficTBne nbecbi pac.- nanaeTca, npaBH.ibHoe npeACTaBiiemie o BsaHMooniouieimax nepcoHaweii cocTaBHTb CyaeT Tpyano. KoHuoBKa HBJiaeTCBiiewa.'iOBa>Km.iMMOMeHTOMb ciOHceTHOMnocrpoeHHH nbecu, TaK KaK HenpaBaonoAo6nan. npoH3BOAbnaa, HCKyccTBeiwan kohuob- Ka HepeaKO nopTHTbueaoM nenjioxoe ApaMaTyprHnecKoe npoH3BeaeHHe, chh- MaeT, CBOAHT Ha Her KOHWAHKT, npOTHBOpeiHTAOTHKe cioweTa. HeAocraTKOM HeKOTOpbix nbec Ka3axcKHX . paMaTyproB t 3aBepuieiiHe aoweraoro pa3BHTHH oOsnare.ibHo 6.iar He3aBMciiMo ot toto, BHTenaeT jih sto H3.iothkh pa3Bmhh xapaKTepoB, koh- (Jijihktob, Bcero cioweTa hah hc BMTeKaer. B nbecax «BeceHHHfi neteps, «Moa aioSoBb* 6aaronojryiiHbifi (bHiiaji BOBce He HBjisercn jiorHnecKHM cjieacTBueM pa3BHTH5i xapaKTepoB. KOHiJwiHKTa, noaowHTeAbiiue nepcoHawti 3aecb He oaepwHBaiOT caMH no6eA« nan OTPHuareAbiitiMii, KaK bto nponcxoAHT b mece A. TawnfiaeBa «LLoeTH, crenb!». B hhx OTpHuaTenbHbie nepcoHawn nooewpaiOTCH BHeuwefi c APaMaTypraiecKOfl tohkh 3peHHn, cwiofi. Tax, b •BeceHHeM BeTpe» ana pa3o63ia<ieimn MoRraKa npHe3>KaeT npeAce.aare.ni, pafiiTcnoAKOMa, b «MoeS ak>6bh» 3Ty ^vhkahio BbinojiHaeT nHCbMo H3 Mock- bh. «bJiaronD.TVHHbie» (bmia-iw Maao CB*3anb! c ciohccthwm pa3BHTiieM b nbecax .flpywfia haioOoBb, h .Eamian ceMba». 3aecb KOHUOBKa sanepmaer noooiHbie, a hc ocHOBHue KOHitvniKTbi. BawHefiuiefi aa.M'iefi coBercKOfi .-iHTeparypjj aiumerca cosaaMHe o6pa- 3ob noaoHcHTeabHbix repoeB— kommvhhctob. B n b e ^«XAPvyVwe6TaHH^aifoioooBTb,*6AA.6PAaTfimnCeTiipaCMcaeTKCpHeTHaxpai,aarxocpKKOHMeaapAaMfi3aaraypPaHK-. tobiio noaaepwHBaer HHHUHaTHBy rpywennKOB inaxTbi b co3aaHMHvrojihHoro KowCaiiHa, B MCMnpHHHMaiot HenocpeacTBCHHoe H AesiTeJibHoe ynacrae kom-
Search
Read the Text Version
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- 84
- 85
- 86
- 87
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 91
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 97
- 98
- 99
- 100
- 101
- 102
- 103
- 104
- 105
- 106
- 107
- 108
- 109
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 117
- 118
- 119
- 120
- 121
- 122
- 123
- 124
- 125
- 126
- 127
- 128
- 129
- 130
- 131
- 132
- 133
- 134
- 135
- 136
- 137
- 138
- 139
- 140
- 141
- 142
- 143
- 144
- 145
- 146
- 147
- 148
- 149
- 150
- 151
- 152
- 153
- 154
- 155
- 156
- 157
- 158
- 159
- 160
- 161
- 162
- 163
- 164
- 165
- 166
- 167
- 168
- 169
- 170
- 171
- 172
- 173
- 174
- 175
- 176
- 177
- 178
- 179
- 180
- 181
- 182
- 183
- 184
- 185
- 186
- 187
- 188
- 189
- 190
- 191
- 192
- 193
- 194
- 195
- 196
- 197
- 198
- 199
- 200
- 201
- 202
- 203
- 204
- 205
- 206
- 207
- 208
- 209
- 210
- 211
- 212
- 213
- 214
- 215
- 216
- 217
- 218
- 219
- 220
- 221
- 222
- 223
- 224
- 225
- 226
- 227
- 228
- 229
- 230
- 231
- 232
- 233
- 234
- 235
- 236
- 237
- 238
- 239
- 240
- 241
- 242
- 243
- 244
- 245
- 246
- 247
- 248
- 249
- 250
- 251
- 252
- 253
- 254
- 255
- 256
- 257
- 258
- 259
- 260
- 261
- 262
- 263
- 264
- 265
- 266
- 267
- 268
- 269
- 270
- 271
- 272
- 273
- 274
- 275
- 276
- 277
- 278
- 279
- 280
- 281
- 282
- 283
- 284
- 285
- 286
- 287
- 288
- 289
- 290
- 291
- 292
- 293
- 294
- 295
- 296
- 297
- 298
- 299
- 300
- 301
- 302
- 303
- 304
- 305
- 306
- 307
- 308
- 309
- 310
- 311
- 312
- 313
- 314
- 315
- 316
- 317
- 318
- 319
- 320
- 321
- 322
- 323
- 324
- 325
- 326
- 327
- 328
- 329
- 330
- 331
- 332
- 333
- 334
- 335
- 336
- 337
- 338
- 339
- 340
- 341
- 342
- 343
- 344
- 345
- 346
- 347
- 348
- 349
- 350
- 351
- 352
- 353
- 354
- 355
- 356
- 357
- 358
- 359
- 360
- 361
- 362
- 363
- 364
- 365
- 366
- 367
- 368
- 369
- 370
- 371
- 372
- 373
- 374
- 375
- 376
- 377
- 378
- 379
- 380
- 381
- 382
- 383
- 384
- 385
- 386
- 387
- 388
- 389
- 390
- 391
- 392
- 393
- 394
- 395
- 396
- 397
- 398
- 399
- 400
- 401
- 402
- 403
- 404
- 405
- 406
- 407
- 408
- 409
- 410
- 411
- 412
- 413
- 414
- 415
- 416
- 417
- 418
- 419
- 420
- 421
- 422
- 423
- 424
- 425
- 426
- 427
- 428
- 429
- 430
- 431
- 432
- 433
- 434
- 435
- 436
- 437
- 438
- 439
- 440
- 441
- 442
- 443
- 444
- 445
- 446
- 447
- 448
- 449
- 450
- 451
- 452
- 453
- 454
- 455
- 456
- 457
- 458
- 459
- 460
- 461
- 462
- 463
- 464
- 465
- 466
- 467
- 468
- 469
- 470
- 471
- 472
- 473
- 474
- 475
- 476
- 477
- 478
- 479
- 480
- 481
- 482
- 483
- 484
- 485
- 486
- 487
- 488
- 489
- 490
- 491
- 492
- 493
- 494
- 495
- 496
- 497
- 498
- 499
- 500
- 501
- 502
- 503
- 504
- 505
- 1 - 50
- 51 - 100
- 101 - 150
- 151 - 200
- 201 - 250
- 251 - 300
- 301 - 350
- 351 - 400
- 401 - 450
- 451 - 500
- 501 - 505
Pages:
