;i»anpb! noiiyinuiii caoe pa-ibiieihuee TsopuecKoe pa3BiiTiie. A. ToKUara mCctob ne tojilko no9T, oh BbipTynaer 11b npo3e: hm HanH- c?H pna HeCSo.ibuiHX paccK33on h ouepKOB, cpepH Korapux euaeamoTCH » HaeiiHo-xj’aojKecTBeHHOM othouichhh oiepKii 40-X ropoe. npo33HliecKHe i:-'0H3BeaeHi[![ A. 1OKMaraMCerOBa OTViKMaiOTcn Kpacc-mocTbio H3ui;a, no-i- TliMHOCTblO H3.BO*eHH51, OHH neMOHCTpiipyiOT CB0eo6pa3Hbtii CTHJIb xynom- Han6o.iee xapaKTepiibie neaoCTaTKH xypowecTBeHnoro MacrepcTsa B«3Ta oiMcia/iHCb r cBoe BpeMH b BbiCTyruieimax papa micaTeaeft a kdh- thkob. HanpHMep. C. MyxaHOB yi<a3biaa.i. qro Miiorne cthxh A. ToKMaraxt- (ietOBa, yn.ioKaicmcrocH nopofi anuib bhbuihhm 6jiecKOM, iiepexoaiiT HHoraa BnycTyio puTopnay, He iia.VT b nory c wiraiibio, He orBe'iaior TpeflonaHH- bm BpcMcmi5. TaKOe * c MHeiiHe BbicKa3brea.11T. MycpenoB: «Tnop'iecKnii nytb Achapa ToKMaraMSei-OBa TecHO cbb33h c ra3eToii, a b So.’ibuiHiicTBe cayiacB on nHiner cthxh ranbKo papii ra3CTHofl onepaTHBHOCTii. ueanKOM noaMHiisiHCb f.KTya.ibKOCTH TeMU. floaroMy y Hero Macro lie oR-aabiBaerca Ocubuioro imr.cTopa H imipoKoro ;inana30iia. Phckhh oh uncurb Ha cepbes- hvio TPMV c iipCTCHSiiefi iia 6o.abuioe xypowecTBeHHoe otoCmcHHe, y iiero ofiiiapyatiiTcti OTcyrcTime rpyOHHbi*6. A ToKMara.MiieTOH xopbiuo 3HaeT coBpeMeHHyio fleficTBirrejibHocTb, oco- «o KO.BXO3HVI0 !KH3Hb. h onepwpyeT Bceraa aKTya.ibHbiMii 4>aicraMM. K Bbix BbicoKoxyaowecTBeimt crpoHTe.iefl KOMMyHHCTHMecKoro oCuiecTBa.
ABflKJIbAA TAJKHEAEB AS^HJibfla Taw«6aeB poaiuiCH, s 1909 rosy u r. i<3hwi-0pae. Koraa eMy HcnojiHHJiocb uiecrh act, y.wep ero ineu. OO-srofi tpyahoh nopecBO- b cTHxoTBopeHHH «ZleTCTDO»: (Hep. A. Adapuc) ITocae ycTanoBAemm CoBercKoS BjiacTH b poaiihx Kpaax ASpiiAbay npilHHMaiOT B HHTepHaT. CnocoCiibiS MaAblHK npHCtpaCTHACn K II033HH, tomv bo HHoroM ciiocoScTBOBa.ia ero Marb. noyrecca AflMaHKyab, xopoiuo 3HaBinaa Ka3axcKyio ycrHyio no93BK>, aioOHBUiaa hckycctbo caoBa k cyues- uiaa npHBHTb sty aio6oBb eamiCTBeH- no oKoimaHHii ceMHJiCTHeK uikoau A. TawHSaeB ycTpaaBaeTca Tex- naaecKHM paOoTHHKOMb peaaKumo ra3CTH «Eh6ckiih Ka3an». B 1927 ro py b cCopHiine «Ulauiy» («/Iaphi») 6nao HaneiaTaHo nepsoe craxorBope- HHe Oyaymero noara. C Toro BpeMemi cthxb A. TawnOaeBa HaanHaioT pe- ryaapHO noaBAHTbca Ha crpaHHitax pecnyCAHKaiicxo# nepHOfliiMecKofi ne- ■laTHh ero hmh CTaaoBHTCii uinpoxo H3BecTHHMKa3axcKHM iHTare.inH.
coopliKKOR CIHXOB. Ero ncpBhie ciiixh nou.i’ii n kiiiiiv i l l 3aiCMc.wtyior c6oPkhkh .ripopuB. (1934), «Ci.Aa\" « r , M o T t s T ' «H36paiiHKc CTHXIIx (1936). « n Ba Miin.-i» nq-ixi U-'-U). Juean»,™«..ii(o169n3i9u)n.e (1942), «Cthxh i. n o a '^ ' m( 1in9c4M9HKT«aOurorelcl)5T‘>ccrwoai-v cepaua* (195)), Otjiojii.ho CbiJi XHiiocueiiapnfi «fljnaM6yA», n 1953 ,-ojy- m.cca «UncTH creiii.» y XapaKTcpnoil HepToft iiosTwieCKHX npucTpamifl A. Ta'iKiidaeBa iinnu- eicH to, mto 011 nocTOHimo BhicTynaeT nan Tajminjimihiil nponaraiiiiiicT \"poMBefleiiHil yapaiiHCKiix ka0cchkob, a Taxwe BenMKOro HeMcmioro nos- ta rcHpaxa refine. PaGoran » xeieiine paaa aeT b pe.TaKUHax. iiaaarenb- craax, B AKaaeMim nayx Kasaxcnoil CCP. AdAWibAa TawiiGaeB ony&nu- KOBa.1 pan iicoieflOBaic-TbCiaix paCor o wiiaim 11 TBopaecTBe /.Gan, ilwau- Cyxa,-craTsii o Tapace lileBneiixo. 3a sacAyrii b acne pa3BHTiia Ka3axcKofl coBeTCKofi AHTcpaTypa Ad- auxbiia TawnGaes dun narpawjcH b 1939 roay Cobctckhm npaniiTenb- CiBOMopncnoM «3nax nonera*. B 20-e ronu, b nepnoa Be.THKiix npeodpa30Bannfl b Cobctckom Ka3ax- CTaHo, KlianxcKiin cout-Tcxan AiirepaTypa oucrynaer nan iiponaraiiAHCT hobmx iiaefl, kbk oann H3 docsux rioMommiKon KoMMyiniCTimecKofi nap- tkh b imcfiiioM BociiHTaiiHH TpyfljimHxca. A. TawnOaeB cTaiioniirai b pnxbi Tex, kto cnyjKH.i sxoMy GoAbUiOMy 11 dxaropoAHOMy aejiy. «Mofi kaocc 6u.t yrneTcn 11 viihwch*. — mioan oh nnocAeacTBini. c paaocthio Gyay BocncnnTb ccro.um ero cboGoav 11 paaocriiyio wiiaiib*. llepnofi k-miroii cbohx cthxob xHoBbie mcaoaiiks A. TawndaCB 3on- sibi 0 ccOe, kuk o nosie c doAbUWM dvAymiiM. B npcAHCAOBimk ero Kiuirc CaCiiT Mynanon mican: «B HacTonuire opcMn AGAHAbAa flBAflercs oahhm 113iieMimrnx npoACTapcKHX iiostob Ka3axcTaHa. Oh ne npocra host, on nosr-no.’iimiK*. G CTiixax cCcbiAbHufl dan*. *H a Ae-iewe*. <Mbi nponaniis apxo 06-. paroB.mn wiimib Ka3axCKoro ayna b nepHOA KOHiJmCKaniiH HsiymecTB.i y <t>eoanAon. riosry yaanocb iiaiiTii, ocodenno n nocneaneM craxoTBopenini, npKiic noSTli'iecKiic cpeACTBa Ann toto. 'rrodu noKa3.itb, Kan nennuiOTCfr 3a iipou.Aoc 1 peACTaBHTeAii sKciuiyaTETopcKoro nnacca, o6peieHHbie Ha ri’dCTb BCCSI XOAOH HCTOplIH. HOST IIOAIBIMaCT BaWIIVIO TeMy Gopb6bl Tpy- ABiuiixcn G-TTpaKOB3a iioBbiuieHiie onnaxu caoero MKoroneTHero Tpyna, mto BBAHAOCb Toraa ca.MbiM BOAiiyiomHM BonpocOM WH3HH Ka3axc.Koro ayaa. riosT HaxoAHT flpKHe cpaBHeiinn it odpaabi, htoCu noxasaTi. kskhm saom BB.TflAiicb AAfl rpv.Tonoro HapoAa 6mi 11 itieo.ianu. On lie orpaiiiiiiiBacrcii BiieuiHHM iiaodpawemieM ayAbiioil jkiuhh. B gkmkcthom CTHxoTBopeniiH «Kyn.'apa» noST BocneBaer GeannKon. ucHraiomHX onnaACTb rexmiKcft, ko- Tcpan odnermna 6m hx Tawenufi TpyA. B cmxax Tex ner OAHofl H3 Bawiiux Te»i CTanoBiiTcn y A. TawHdacBa 6opb6a TpVAflUlllXCfl KaaaXOB C BpeAHTeAbCTBOM B K0AX03H0U CTpOHTCAb- ciBe pa3-iGAa<iCHiie noc.Tea0BaTC.Teil 6aeB. npH3biB k dAHTe-ThHOCTH. Ho ne TOAbKO STHMH TeMaMH, pOWACIIHbIMH B yCAOBHflX KAaCCOBOil ficpbdhi, orpannflHBaeTcii „ „ .................. X ACT. M u liaXOAHU Ue.Tblll P«A cthxob, —i.. n--p---H----3---U---B---a*-erQc„bochexcriyn.rarTioCsAreiOl T—KATHeKxianeurcxf,l oTcraAux 11 3adn- rae Ha Bee MeponpHfl- Tiia FTapTHii h flpaBHTeAbcTBa-, — — BOAiiyromne Bonpocu T“* ”\" “n ripaBAa, neKOTopwe ero cthxh dbiAH toraa xyAOwecTnemio i.enoAnoncu- ................ TwpawaAHCb iicKpeiiHiie 'lyncroa nosTa, crpacTHO wcaaiouic- aadbix ro noMOMb CBoeuy iiapoay b crpomeAbCTBc noiiofl whshh, B 1 P. xyaoiKCCTBCHiioM oTHOiueHHH cmxax iipaBii.Ti.Hbie n Hywiiue : nOAHOCHAHCb flllTaTCAIO odeAHeHiio, B HHX dUAO emc M3A0 SMOUK waAbToft.
ch.ih, HenojiHocrbio HcnoJib-jOBanu »3HKOBue 6oraTCTBa Hapoaa, mhoto CJiatSUX |mcJ)M, CTH.lHCTKMeCKOH HepaiUJIHBOCTH. ClOIKeTHbie CTHXOTBOpeHHa nosTa B doJibiuimcTBe CBoeMdb»M cxeMaTHiHbi. HanpHMep, b cnixoTBope- iihh «BaipaK Ko6aaiiflbi» paccKa3biBaerca o tom, k3k deanaK hs ay.ia cect b Mockby a B03Bpamaercs Ha Tpaxrope, m a Ty nopy dbiiio ahko- i’iihoh. npH 3T0MnosT He BHHKaeT bo BHyTpeHHHfi MHp cBoero r.epoa, oa- iiocTopotiHe H3odpawaeT JiHiub ero BHeuiHiie AcftcrBHH. noaTHaecxHe npn- eMbt, h b ocoGchhocth jieKCHKa, He buxoaht 3a npeflejiw TpaamwoiiHofi IpO.lbKJIOpHOii diopMbl. [\"Io3T B 9TOM CTHXOTBOpOHHH He HaiUefl HOBbIX (])OpM j\\jn BhipaiKCHiis HOBoro coaepjKaiiHa CBoefl no33iiii, xoth h mimeT: • He cyMe.i eiue b to Bpewa co3aaTb 3anoMHHaioiuHXca i HeXBaTaao onbiTa, yaedbi y naaccHKOB pyccKofi AHTepa- : imcbMa Haa TpaaHUHHMii nHCbMeHHofi JiHTepaTypbi npe- le h 6aH3KHe c aeTcrsa npHeMbi HapoflHOi) no33HH. OanaKO y: ■.Kopo oh noiiHji atv cboiocfladoctb, oh crpeMirrcsi yiHTb- ihh. HMeimo roraa oh uanHcaa peueii3eHTaM, 3axBaaHB- o nepBue cthxh. «Ohh cjihiiikom 3axeaj]HJTH Mena, xoth h yxa3aau e HcaocTaTKH m x cthxob. 51 erne neaocTOHii Taitofi noxoaabi. paTypofi®1. tomv Ha3aa «e 3Haa aawe a36yKH Mapitcira- oBe,rp_ru_e_im_o .».. Cbia 3HaKoMc eBponeficKoii u pycCKofl anie- A. TaxtHdaes erporo kphthmcckh othochtch k caoeMy TBOpaecTsy, no- KHMaa, “TO HyiKHOoxeiib mhoto 3iiaTb, 6bm> o6pa30BaHHUM h nepeaoBhiM ■teacBeKOMCBoero BpeMeHH, “Todhi CTaTb rostom hoboA, coBercxo# 3noxn. Ero cthxh «Aiina(iyaaK», «riecnsi yaapiiHKOB* HBHjmcb pe3yabT3T0M Kpu- TBaecKoro OTHouieHHn it CBOeft paCore. Hmchiio bth cthxh caeaaaa hmh nosTa H3BeCTHbiMuiHpOKoMy xpyry HHTaTeaefi. BoabHJHM codbiTHeM b >kh3hh TpyasuHixcs Ka3axcTaHa dbuio okoii- uiHHe CTpoHre.ibCTBa niraHTa nepBoft HHTiijieTKH— TypKCHda. BMecTe c B3B0tiH0BaHHbiMH. nosTHiecKHMH npoH3BejieHH!iMH C. MyKanosa («Bnepea, napoBo3'»), A. foKMaraM6eroBa («Ha crane TypKCHda»), I\\ OpManoBa («06pyn») nydauKyeT 06 stom coObithb cboh cthxh A. TaxtHdaes (• ** Ha6yaa:<»). IIost Kpacoano onHcbiBaer npapoay, peicy AflHadyjiax. B ; CTHxoTBopeHHii BnepBhie b ero TsopiecTBC [iohbjthiotch MacTepcxHe o 3bt h cpaBHeima. HanpHMcp: Ana-Tay oh cpaBininaer c MoryiHM aepdjiio- aOM-KapoM; BetHbie cnera, KOTopue JiewaT Ha BepuiHHax A.ia-Tay, ofiaaica, Koropue OKyrbiBaiOT ero ocTpue hhkh, tost conoCTaBJiHCT c Gjiuskhmh xa saxcKOMy HHTaTe.HOnpeaMerabin h itohhthhmh ero dbrra. Baaroaapa BTOMy aBTop AOCTHraeT HCK.no'iHTC.TbHoii Bupa3HTe.ibHOCTH h aoxoahhbocth B30- Opaweima. B 1930—1932 rojiax A. TaxtHdaeB pafioTaa saMCCTHTeaeM peaaKropa KapcaKnaficKcii paiiomiofi raaeTU. B stot nepHoa oh nHiueT psa. cthxob ha npoH3BoacTBeHHbie TCMH. rioaTa BoaHyeT natpoc Tpyjia, HOBhie B33HMO- OTHOuieHHn Meatfly TpyflHiuHMHCH ropoaa h ce.aa. Oh Ooperca cbohmh cth- xaMH 3a npoH3B0flCTBeHHbie ycnexa, noMoraeT HCnpaBJiHTb HeflOCTaTKH b pafiore h oaKOBpeMeHHo riniueT nosMy «ripopHB». OflHaKo nosMa noflyiH- aacb HeyflaiHofi, cxoMaTHMHofi. B nosMe mhoto ajihiihot, ee H3biK He Bbi- pa3HTe.1CH. Ho STOdblflHTpyflIIOCTH TBOpTOCKHXHOHCKOB, TpyflllOCTH pocia.
craHe («npaBer ot PoaHHbi*), o 6oraTCTBax poflHor j'CCHblH UHO npOHSBCaeHHii o X - ■ BeayiuHMH nuexitH b no33HH A. TawaOaeBa HBHJiHcb uaeA coBercKO- ro naTpnoTH3Ma, jiioObh k cBoefi Poaime. H3BecTHO, Karate crpacTBUc aprate crpoKH noCBBTH.i Tcitlie cooed poanoA pexe PeiiHy, riyiiiKHH—Boa- re. UieB>ieHKO—flHenpy; tom no Taxwe A. TawiiOaeB oOpautaercii k poa- Hofi Cup-JIapbe, na3biBaa ee cBoeA MaTepbK), Kcrropyio juoOht caMofi ropa led cbiHOBbeA.hoOobmo: o6pamaerca oh k aeS. OayuiCBaciiHe chji npapoatJ b o0pa3e ae.iOBeKa—TpaaHUHOHHbiAnpa- eM pyccKoA KJiaccn>iecKofl aHTepaTypn. Ho A. TaxotOaeB Hcnoab3yer stot np'HeM npHMGHHteabiio k CBOeMy ocHOBHOMy 3aMbicjiy—BOcneTb ceroa- hhiuhkx cuHOBeft Cup-flapbH, npocjiaBHTb ux BeaHKMe aeaa. ynoMHHaa «,ZlHenp— cra'poro apyra», no3T roBopitr 06 ttcTopHaecKHX xopiiax apyw- Obi aByx BapoaoB, oSpaiuaeTca k Cup-Hapbe c npocbOoA: riosT xomct sthm cK83aTh, >1x0 Cbtp-.flapbH, ksk h ilnenp, aMJKiia cayxtKTb na Oaaro Kapoaa. Eme Toraa, noauaMaa b CBoefi no33imBaxtHyic TOMy Hcnoab30BanBH npiipoaHbix CoraTCTB pecnyOaHKH, nosi HcnoabsoBa.i tskiic xyaowecTBeimbie cpeactBa, KOTopwe caiiaeTejibCTBoaaah 0 ero ap- koA riOBTHieCKOfl 4>aHTa3HH. B TBOpaecTBeA. TaaotOaeBa tyacTBo .ho6bh k aeBymite, k apyry 060- rawaeT vyBCTEo jiicObh K PoaHHe h HBJiaeTca nocToaHHoA tcmoA, HanpH- Mep: «5I te6a jnofiaios, <rioMHHiUb jih Me«a», «Mu 3a UBeTaMHxoaaaa> h paa apyrax. OaiiaKO Hapsay c yaaniuMH cntxaMn y noaTa BCTpeaaaocb iteMaao aapaaecKHX cthxob, ocoOeHHo saenttecKoro xapaierepa, rae aBtop OTcry- naer ot >kh3hchhoh npaBabi. Cthxh oOHHMaio coamie», «y nac aoua» ae OTJiHMaioTcahhbhcokoA HaeAHOcrao, an xyaowecTBeHHbiMMacTepcrBOM h (JiaKTHHecKHCTOAT HHwe BosMowHOCiea no3Ta. npoH3Beacima A. TaiKHOaeRa 30-x roaoB JiHpHMHbi, HacumeHbi poMau- TiiaecKHMriaipocoM. Cthxh«Be.iHKOMy yHrreaiob, nocBamcHHbieA. M. Topb- KOMy, «rpy3HHJ—0 QparcKOM rpysancKOM aapoae cjiyatar TOMy npaue- POM. Hx OTBHaaioT rayOmia MbtcjlH, Tenaora noBTimeCKHX o6pa30B. B 9Th roflbi host crpeMHTca pa3pa6oTatb MiioroiHcaemiwe tjiopMbt no33Ha, ee maHpw. Oh co3aaeT 6aJMiaju>i, b kotopmx hpkhmh noaTHaecKHMH KapTHaaMH pacxpuBaer npouecc BbipowaeHHs craporo mipa (enoryxuiaa JiyiHaa*), naTpHOTH3M coBeTc.Kiix jitoaeA («OrapHK— repoA»), Tparaaec- xyio cyabOy HcnaHcratx aeTeA («Eajuiaaa 0 aecitoM MajibHHKe>|. Oh nauieT MHoro cthxob Ha oOopoHHyio TeMy. B CTHXOTBopeiiHax «Aiibm-repoA» a
«Mu— CKJtbHCe cHjibHux* A . Ta>KH6acB BbipajK.io oh r.iyCoKO yBepen b cbocB choc, KOTopaiTaBHaa HO-noaHTHnecKoro eaHHCTBa coBeTCKHx aiooeii. n< BBtepeciio CTHxoTBopeHHe «AKWH-repoB». B hcm i Topuft CTpeMHTca b necHe co3«aTi> o6pa3 neycTpau Hu. HeoJKHoaiuio Ha>iHHaeTCa BoiiHa. rioar, tic o npaBjraerca Ha (Jipoirr a craHOBH-rcn repoeM, o ko B 30-x .. Tawn6acB naoooTBopno rpy . Mm lOpxeCTp* — o napoaiibix npc/ictabhtc.thx HCxyccTBa, «A6ua> - MeHHTOM My3biKaHTe-KK>HiiiH, «ABa MHpa* — Ha counaJibHyio TCMy. Ho xyflOwecTBeHHOM oiHomeHHH 3th noBMu HepaBHOueaHbi. IlosMa «CnaceHHe», nocBHiuemiafl repoHiecKHM cobctckhm ner'iHKai. cnacuiHM MejnocKHimOB ot aeooBoro naena, xaK H hosmu Ha Ty we ieM MHorux apyrHX K33axcKHX aBTopos, Bbimaa Heyoa'iHoB. BMecTO 6u B KOHKpeTHblX 06pa3aX C03---- ----- ---- -----D--H--'i-e-cKoro -t-p-y-aa neaioc- KHHUCB, pacKpbITb XapaKTepbl Ha oimomcvicn-^icihiiaub, nusr JofCHOH uilir caHHeM >kh3hh o6HTaTeaei) CeBepa, nnea b nosMy aiofioBiiyio TeMy, a rjiaB- Hoe ocTaaoc.b b xeHH- Co BTOpofi nojioBHHbi 30-x roooB HOST yciiaemio HaBHHacT pa3pa6a- TUBaTb b CB06M TBOPHCCTBe TeMy HapoaHoro HCKycerBa h ero npeocraBHTe- jieS. C Tex nop h no nacToamee Bpe.ua A. TawiiGaeB ne pa3 B03apaiuaeT- ca K arofi SoabuioB h oTBeTCTBeHHofi reMe b aHpHiecKHX CTwxax h nosMax. B 6oraTOM MysbwaabHOM iiacaeaiiH xa3axcKOro Hapoaa Miioro kiocb h neceH, 3ane«iaTaeBUiHX TflJKeayio *H3Hb TpyaoBoro Hapoaa, ero MeMTy o CBeT.ioM GyaymeM. MyaecHbiMii Mc.'ioaHHmh, KpacoMiibiMii o6pa3aMii nepe- aaiOT ohh rcpoimecxyio hctophk) Hapoaa, Tparcanio ero c.iaBHbix chhob h aoHepeB, npiipoay na3axcKHX cTenett. K incay t3khx npoH3BeaeHHR orao- cmcH kk)h KypMaiira3U «0, moh Mara!* («Kaflpan lueiueM!*), «Byuiyio- WKHAB. aTaa*w(H«KGaoe6BinKupiaaciouHKHaOn*)n.epeaaa coaepaaime sthx kiocb. „Oh Bcpiro yaoBHa onTHMiicrii'iecKHii xapaKTep My3biKH BeaHKoro KOMno3HTopa b kioc «0. moh MaTb!*. Cthxh aB-ropa HaimtaiOTCH caoBaMH: ctpokh. 3aTeM Hoyr noaHbie SHeprHK k ch.im Boae KypMaHra3M k no6eae, o Morymecroe , .....ofloaeTb ara6bie TpyoHOCTH h nperpaabi. nwWxHiePohHappaopOBsomoaHriaeuoMBnxyBbHaiooiyaxpTacMaBcMccyAaeyT3pT.3.OhjbaKBj'TiKpiKaxayaaaaanc.eHtMa1oTH1'TiMH,aOahaexa*nci—n,e.kHocBayKaipacJioohomXwoiu«i;Oncapoih■HcrK6,oHrcHeanocpaoMTaaBtpyeHoa3»MHmxb—Ti6xrexbaiaaOuaeKBbReHj•.aBacboHTnHHir»BpeHo,oTyHMe«CKHbrBaH.eCtacnhKTBHhypomkncenicenoaroonoRaaaiapu»alopej,,ihaoHrbxoiaioGoac,taibctooM.oK'iiuatipeHonHo0hMOAehmHa.bconHpuhTpnaibihanyiciox-(--»1
LBejio jiHiiib b coBeTCKyio srioxy. Hs iiapoflHbix My3biKaHT0B-0AHH0ienObui opraHH30BaH opxecTp: B noByio aiioxy cTaaii iiobhmh h necHH, a kioh, h HcnomieHHe. Tenepb wy3UKajnbi cocraBH.iii ksk Oh csoero poaa kojixo3— o6beflHUH.'iiicb b op- KCCTp. Mx MeAOflHH npOHHKHyrbl HOBbIMcoaepwaHHeM, B HHX CHbiUlHTCH '■rcKamiaa nocrynb KOHHoro OTpaaa, rpoxoT nyiueK, peB MOTOpoo, iuyn caMOJicToa. 3ro ywe HOBbie3bykh h Meacami, powaeHHue b OiiTBax3Bcbo- floay, b ropHHjienepsux mhphux naraaeTOK. Host ocoOo noaaepKHBaer, tro noaflHHHhiii paciiBer Myauiiaabiioro ncicyccTBa, Koraa oho, nan iiaKoraa paiibiue, cayjKHt Hapoay, nacTyima npn coiwaan3Me. B i:03Mc A. TawnOaeBuaxoaHTweiKHeo6pa3Hbie BupaweiiHaaimxapax- TepHCTHKH kioh «CoaoBeS», HcnojinneMoro aomOphctom, kioh «JleOeab», hc- noaiieiiHoro ko6u3hctom, a Taxwe neiaabiiofi mchoahh cu6u3m. UauaKo caeayer oTMeTHTb, no nepeaaTb sto oco6e«HO baoxhobchho yaaaocb nos- ry TO-ibKo b nepBOii lacra nosMbi, rae aBtop noBecTByer o cyab6e MyauKH i! My3biKaHT0B b npouuioM. O nepaoae, Koraa HapoaHue HHCTpyMeHiu t'Obc,-HHH.iHCb b opxecip, nosTOM CKa3aHo cyxoBaro h oaeHb KopoTKO. 3aecb Ooabiue roBopHTca booOwe o hobhx aroaax, hx CBerao# cyabOe, OHTHMH3MO, HCJKCJIri O My3HKailTax. «A6ua» — JiiipHKO-poMaHTH'iecKaH no3Ma A. TaatHOaeBa. Ona HaiiH- caHa Ha ckmkct napoaHoro npeaaHHH 06 A6njie. B aaBHHe BpoMBHa, b nopy Ka3axcKHx h lypKMeHCKHx boSh, 3HaMeHHTbift Ka3axcnH# aoMOpHcr, kioBuih AObia, nonaaaeT b nneH k rypKMeHa«. Ero HCKyccTBO Hrpu Ha aoMCpe Tax hx noKopHao, hto oaHawau, 3a6uB Bee Ha CBCTe, ohh aoaro cayuiaaH ero Hrpy. BiiHMaHHe hx Ouao nacroabKO noraomeHO MyauKoll Afibiaa, mo ohh He3aMeniaH, kbk b sto Bpewi noaouiea k hx cTaay Ka3ax- ckhB orpna, BhicryiMBiUHft Ha P03UCKH CBoero 3HaMeHHToro cooreiecTBeH- HHKa, b nocreneHHO iiaiaa OKpywaib hx. Ho BMecTO roro htoOh 0Ka3an> conpcrTHiiHCHHe Ka3axaM, TypKMeiibi, uchh BuaaiouierocH My3uKaiiTa u yoa- *aa napoa, ero nopoaHBiuH#, npeaaaraior KaaaxaM mhp. C Tex nop 3THasa wapoaa noapywHaiicb KaBCKH, Abtop HaxoaHT o6pa3Hue caoBa flan nepeaanH nyacTB h MbicjieB nep- coHawefl, b nepByio oiepeab raaBHoro repoa— AObiaa:
iipomjioe JleiiHHrpaaa, tohhoc Metro He ToabKo b na3axcKofi, ho h bo uoaiia, ACHHiii-paflaa a B Hen A. Ta*n6ae8 BcnoMHHaer repoiwecKoe iiimrpaa! — oh poAHoft jibt o tom, ito, xpanH h yMiiowaa cJiaByropoaa- aiiH Oaoxaju Hainan chjim noSeAHTb Bpara. «JIe- n bccx napoaoB iiauiefi cTpaiibi ropoa*, —nmuer «Jlenanrpa.t, Jlanurpul*'. Heab3H He BepHTb 8 HCKpeHHOCTb 3THX B3BOaHOB3HHblX crpOK, nepe- aaiouiHx qyscTBO hk>6bh cobbtckhx aioneS k KoaufieaH peaoaiouHH—ro- poay /IeKHHa. noBiopaiomHficH b KOHue cxpoifibi pe<)>peH «JIeHHHrpaa, mo8 JleHHHrpaa!* ycaaHBaeT Mbicab nosra, aeaaeT ee aoxoawboh, Sana- ko#cepauy HHTateaa. IIosTy aopora PoaHHa, ee cBofioaa u He33BHCHM0CTb. Ho oh 3HaeT, hto coBerCKHe bomhu, 3amHiuaa ee, BhinoanaioT HCTopHiecxyio mhcchio ocBoSoxaeHHa cipaH EBponia or ueMCiiKO-ifpaiiiHCTCKOro pafkiea. IlosTa iioaKyer cyab6a CTonyuiHX noa htom 3axBar>iHKOB HapoaoB, kotopux oh Ha3hlBaCT CBOHMHfipaTbXMH. o6pamaerca dost k hhm. B 3thx caOBax Bbipaweiiu Hyaena h MucaH co- BeTCKHXbohhob, Hayuwx Ha noMomb uapoaaM, bctbbuihm Ha 6opb6y c xy- xeaeMHUMH yrHeTaTeaaMii. B paae BoeHiihix cthxob A. TawnfiacBa («BaypxaHy», «Hcnoeeab») BOCiieBaerca MyxecTBOcobctckhx SofluoB, hx MHcan, xyBCTBa B 6010. TIobt He H3o6pawaer hx xyao-seaHKaHaMH, Koropbix He Coper hh nyaa, hh ca6aa, hh caMa cMepTb, a pncyer hx kohKpeTHue, WHBbie o6pa3u. Hctohhhk re- poH3Ma coBeTCKHX coaaaT host BHanr b hx 6ecnpeaeahHoB aioCBH k Po- HHae, napTHH h Hapoay. 3th xyBCTBa rayCoxo coxCTaKxrca c aioCoBbio k cBoeMy poAHOMy oaary («CbiH», «0 MarepH>). A. TaxH6aesuu Harotcaa •raxxe paa arHTauHOHHbix cthxob, noCBHWeHHux repoaxecitoMy TpyAy Tbiaa («HfaxTepaM KaparaHjiUb h flp.). B 9th roabi A. TamnCacB nHUJCT cthxh, HcnoaHeHHue rayCoxoro a«- |.H3Ma. B «flHcbMe H3flaaeKa» nefi3a*Hue BapHCOBKH, uiopox .ihctbu, cbct ayHu xaK 6bi ottchhiot CMeHy HacTpoeHHft repoa. B «JKaMaa» noBecrey- eica 0 tom, Kan weita 4>poHTOBHKa, Tocxyiomaa o CBoeM wywe, BMiuiiBa- er naaTOK, me H3o0paweii coaoBeB, cHaaiuHfi Ha ubctko. 3th ana cthxo- iBopeKHa HanacaHU c HCKaiohh Teabhotf renaoToft. «HcnoBCAb» A. TawHfiaesa rayCoKo naTpiioraxecKoe no csoeMy coaep- xaiiHio iipOH3BCAeHHe. B hem BbiBeaen o6paa BeaHKoro pyccxoro noaxo- soflua XIII Bexa Aaexcaiwpa HeBCKOro, pa3rpoMHBuiero nexieuKHX 3aBoe- BaTeacfi. ripofloaxaTeaaMH ocBoCoAHTeawioR 6oph0bi HeBCKoro HBaHiorca coBerCKHe BOHHbi, cbhto xpanamHe reponxecioie TpaaHUHH Hapoaa. B 3tom i iHxoTBopeHHH ecrb paa yaaXHhix a<j)0|)H3M0B: ipacTepaeuibca —caaCuM cipcaweiubca*, « kto uepeuiHTeaeH— tot HHKoraa He otomcthtj, «caMaa ayxuiaa noMomb CTpane—aeaa ee cuHOBefi*. 3™ KphiaaTue BUpaweHBa,
aioaeff. Mto6h KOiiKpcTBee noa'iepKiiyTh 310, nosT kbk 6n oranauBaercs na TpHfluaTHjierHicio hctophio cobctckoto oGmecTBa H c bwcotw ero hcto- pHiecKHX flocTHHceHHii oueHHBaer HacTOHiuee, cmotpht b Gyaymee. Cboio cyabGy hjim cyabGy CBoero JiHpimccKoro reposi oh H3o6pa*aeT b aepa3- pblBIIOli CB83H CCyUbGofi CTpailbl. B CTHXOTBOpeHHH «fia BepillHHC* OH Ha3UBaer Mocbay cbohmcepauCM: «Ec.ni mob *H3iib b Moesi cepaue, Mock- bo b Moeil (iiHpoKoii rpyflH crymT 3thm cepaueM* — yiBepwaaeT oh. B nocaeBoeHiibie ronbi A. TaxtH6aeB npoaonwaer pa3pa6aTbiBaTb b cbocS nossHH TCMy apywGbi HapoaoB, nHiuei cthxh, iiocbhuxchhug 6pat- ckhm napoaaM. B thkhx ero npoii3BCaeHHsix, icaK «Toaapiim HaBOin. «Be- ;ian uiiisma*, «necH«», oupawenu HcxpeiiHHe apy*ecK«c MyBCTBa nosra it co6pari.HM noTpyay, nyscrBa, Koropue 6Jiareaapa 6oraTCT8y HBupa3H- reabiiocTH nosTHiecKofi tpopMU npiiofipeiaioT rayGoKHfi iJihjocoiJickhi'i ciiucjt. TohkhH HjMop ofioramaeT coaepwaime cthxob, npHaaer hm ocoGyio naputiiocTb, 3aaymeBH0CTb, lenjiOTy. B CTHXOTBOpeHHH sToBapmu HaBOH> no3T npeKJioHaeTCH nepea renH- cm BejiHKOro y36eKCKoro roaTa, bcio WH3Hb BocneBaBuiero paaocTb jkhbiiii, nieirraBuiero caeaatb ee CBoGoaiioii. Cbohmii iisyMHTenbHbiMH CTHxaMH Ha- boh 6opojicn 3a couiia-ibHyio crpaBeaJtHBocTb, ofi.'iH'iaa weciOKOCTb <[)eo- aa.ibiibix npaBHTeaefi, MpaKo6eCHe CJiywiiTeaefi peniirmi. Mcttu HaBOH npeTBopHaiicb b )KH3iib, n nosTOMy, iiecMOTpn Ha to, mto co BpeMeHii HaBOH iipoui.io HecKo.ii.KO ctojicthh, hoot oOpamaeTCH it Haaoii KaK k cbobmv TOBapHiuv, coGpaTy no nepy, no oGiuhocth B3r.i(inoB Ha BbtcoKoe HCKyccTBO cjiOBa. MyntecTBeiiHhie robmu HaBOH A. TaxtH6aeB cpasHHBaeT c boC ckom, to 3aCTbiBuiHM nepea Goew, to HecymHMca b cpanteHHe. riosT bcho- MHHaeT o TparHHecKoR cyabGe repoea Haaou H H3oGpa>KaeT ciacT.iimyio WH3Hb hx ceroflHfmiHHx rotcmkob. Tax, <Sapxaa (repofi hosmu Habom «<J>apxaa h lLInpiin») npoBeji bcio cboio *i[3iu, b 6opb6c 3a iiapo.iHoe ciacTbe, ho caM He\"o6pen ero h nornfi b nepaBiiofl cxBaTKe. A ero ceroa- iiBinmie noroMKH npeo6pa3HaH nycrbiHio IUonb-BanGan. rae ceftxac nnuier host. Oh Rbipawaer ropsmee we.iaiinc, mtoGm HaBou He TO.ibKOaie- fioBa-icn 3thmh, noHcriiHe BC.iHKiiMH npeo6pa30BaHHBMH, ho BMecTe c 3B- ropoM luara.i b eme Goaee npexpacHOe Gyayinee. Ilo3T noaiepKHBaeT, >no boajihhho HapoaHaa necHb, rae Gu a na Ka- kom 6bi ti3biKe oHa iih Cbina co3aana, npeBpawaeTca b oGmeqeaoBeqecKoe aocTonHHe. TaKoe npoH3BeaenHe cnywHT yTBepwaeimio b %H3hh caMbix bucokhx aaea.ioB. 3ra xte naea aextHT b ochobc CTHXOTBopeHHa A. TanaiGaeBa «necHB», nocBBuieKHoro 3HaMeHHT0My HerpHTaHCKOMy neaiiy, 6opuy 3a MHp rianto Po6cohv. CKonhKo bucokhx rop. HeKoraa noaniipaiioiHx\" hc6o, CTep.ioci, c aaua 3eMJiH, CKCribKo Bucoxao peK h 03ep, Kcaeino accos — hBeesto 6e3- B03BpaTHo! TojibKOnecHa, necHa Me.iOBeKa, ?KMBeTh 6yaer >KHTb. riosT h3o6- paataer ee b o6pa3e nrauu, HecymeS jikuibm cqacTbe. H t3ko# hrmctcit necua riojia PoficoHa: oSpamaercn K HCMy n03T. 3th cthxh HBJISIOTCHcBoeo6pa3HbiM pa3BHTHCMTeMu HCKyccTBa, noa- hbtoB b TBOpqccTBe A. TaWHOaeBa 30-x roaoB. HeKotopue nocacBoeHiiue
AUTbOfl Ha 6/1aro CBoero iiapoaa. P °'' 361 T|>y Cboh noastb! A. Ta>KH6aeB crpoHT Ha o.iHofi muc.ih, HafiHpan ncpco- aaiKHh coCuTHH, iiaiiGoaee nojiiio pacKpuBaioiuHe ee cyumocia. [loiTOMy ero nosMhi o6hi<mo komnaKTiiu, iieBe/iiiKii no oflteMy. Ho Hiioraa non par KpuTHO flyxoBHoro Miipa, B3rjiaaoB, ayM h lamiHH cbohx repoeB noawo- nneT BHCimiHM omicaTC/ibciBOM. 3tot iieaociaTOK HaH6ojiee xapa.KTepex iwa noaMbi «J1ioCoBb», rae roBopmcn o MyweciBeiiHOM 6o.irapcKo.M napo- ae, 3aBocBaBiueM croCoay h nesaBHCHMOCTb. B no9Mc «Xyaox<HHK Xo-JIyH» noBecrayeTca o cyflbCe craporo KHiafl- cxoro jKHDoniicua, yepneBuiero npuTeciiciiHH b nepHoa rocnoacTBa anoii- ckoi’i BOCHUiinibi ii peaKUHonepoB— roMimaaiiOBUEB. Xo-Jlyn cbohm >iy- accHUM ncKycoTBOM bhocht Co.ibinoH BK.'iaa n ocBo6oaHTcabiiyio 6opi>6y waBcKoro iiapo.aa. rioaMa naniicaua iia wh3hchho npanariBOM MarepHaai- Cfipa3HblM, KpaCOMIIblM B3UK0M. JInpii'ieCKiie iiosMU nocaeamix .aei —«roBOpHT komcomm* h «riopi- peru» —tiBJiMioTcn TBOpqecKHM aocTHJKCHHOM noaTa. B no3Me «Iloprpeihi» A. TawiiOacB c JiHpimecKoB TenaoTofi inoCpawacr }KH3iib h noaBHr pa- 6o<tero B nepnue roau CoBercKofi b.mctii, repoimecKyio rHce.ib ero cbiiia b roau Be-nnKoii Ore'iecTBeHHofi bohiiu h TBopnecTBO ero flonepii, xoropaii CTaHOBHTcn no.ioBeKoM HCKyccTBa. B nosMe 'lyBCTnyercsi auxaHiie fio.ii,- BIBXMyBCTB. Eo ociioBiiaH Mbicjib H ue/ib— nanoMHHTb HOBbiMnoKonemisiM oTex, kto oTfla.i cboio >KH3Hb3a hx Gvaymee. Ora nosMa A. TannfiaeBa HarmcaHa Kan cBoeo6pa3Hoe npoaonwemio CTHXOrBOpeHHH «/IeTCTBO». B nocaeamie roabi A. Ta>Kn6aeB b aa'iecrac -rypHCTa nofiuBaa b Eb- pone. Oh 6bia bo MHornx HHOCTpaimbix rocyaapcTBax h ropoaax, O3iiaxo- bbjich c hx )Kii3HbK>. riyTeuiecTBHe iiosTa He npouiio fiecc.ie;mo a.ia ero TBopnecTBa. A. Tawnfiaen Hanncaji rjHKlbi jihphhcckhx CTHXOTBopeiiHft <i crpeMaeiiHH Tpyaamaxca KanHTa.iHCTH>iecKiix CTpaii k cBo6oae. jOia sthx cthxob xapaKTepHbi: KOHKpeTKOCTb muc.ih, Tenaufi jihph3M, bwcokoo xyao- A. Tawnfiaen naoaoTBOPiio BUCTynaeT H a waupe apawaTypriiH. Ero iHan iim b tDejiaa oepeaa* nojiyiiua 3aTeM ejieayiOT ero iibc- Ka3axcTane.
llcpBMO flBe H3 sthx nbec iioay<inaK b csoe speMa noJiowHie.ai.Hyio oueii- Ky ofiuleCTBeKHOCTH. riueca <KoBep JKoMapTa* HeKOTopoe BpeMa uiJia Ha cuetie Ka3axcxo- ro AitaaeMHiecKoro TeaTpa /ipa.MLi. Ee cHiweT no coaepixaHHX) b ochob- hom aHaaormen iiosmco KOBpoBiuimax. Ho Hb noBMe. Hb nbece He3aTpa- rKBaiOTCa Oo.ihiHHe comiaabHue npoOjieMH. KpoMC Toro, apawaTypr 5e3 ocofioii hcoOxoahmocth HapyniHJi b nbece xapaKTepHCTHKy TpaaHuaoiiHHx ycTHO-nosTHMecKiixo6pa30B, vto CKa3aaocb h Ha ee xyflOJKeciBeiiHOMypoe- ne, B Ka3axcKHx cxa3Kax b o6pa3e <KC3TbipnaxoB o6bi'ino Bucrynarar wen- lailHbl. KpOMe Toro, )Ke3TbipHaK— CHMBOBHieCTOKOCTH, XHTpOCTH, a Bnbe ce A. TawHfiaeBa we3TwpHaKaMH BbicrynaioT MyjKHHHbi, h He xHTpuMH 3JioaeaMH. a hochtcasmh rpyfiofi ({iH3neecK0H CHJibi6. B nbece «noAHHTbrii xynoa» H3o6pa*eHa TparaiecKaa cyabfia Hcxyc- noro Hapo/uioro apxHTeKTopa, nocTpoHBiuero BejiHxoaenHbiR flBopeu h no- rn6uiero co csoefi B03aio6aeHHoB or pyx wecTOKoro xaHa. Ho apaiaaTypr bmccto noxa3a K.aaccoBux npOTHBopewfi b o6iaecTBe pa3.aeaaeT axxaeB TOJtbKo Ha 3Jibix h ao6pux. 3xy ouiHfixy A. Tawnfiaea ycyryCaser b nbe ce «Mu —Ka3axH>, ocywaemioR o6mecTBeHHOCTbio. yxa3anHH h noMomb napTHK oxa3ajiH cBoe 6jiarotBopHoe naHmixe Ha apauaTypra, xoTopwfi 'crpeMKTCH npeoaoaeTb HaeBnue' cpuBbi n HafixH nyni k coaaaiiHio peaxHCTHiecxHx, BbicoxoHAefiHbix ApaMaxyprH>iecxHX n’poH3BeaeHHft. IlepBhiM pe3yabxaT0M bthx rohckob siBKaacb era iibeca •HBeni, cTem.!», xoTopofi apanaiypr OTBexaa Ha cnpaBea-iHByio napraB- «l$BeTH,^cTenb!» —nbeca o ceroanamHefi kojixo3hoh aepesne. Tejibra- pa TeMHpSeKOB, BTewHae aBaauarK aex npeAceAaTeabCTBOBaBMHfi b koji- xme «UJyr.aa», cocxaBaaeT naan CTpoHieabcTBa HOBoro Koaxo3iioro no- ceaxa. Ho Koaxcanoe xoshBctbo noxa mto He aoerHrao Taxoro ypoBHH. mto6u pacxoaOBaTb orpoMHbie cpeacTBa Ha CTpOHTeabCTBo aoMOB-HBOpuoB. CcKpeTapi. napTHSHofl opraHH3amin xoaxo3a ApMaH BbKrraBaaex cboB naaH, b xopHe otahhhuB ot naana Teabrapbi. BwroaHOCTb naana oneBKA- iia, ero noAAepwHBaxiT nepeaoBbie xoaxoaHHXH. Ho Teabrapa, B030MHHB- ihhh ce6a nenorpeniHMUM, bhhht b stom aHHiiyxi o6Hay. Tax 3aBH3biBaeT- i'h KoinpJiHKT, KOTopufl BOcnpHHHMaerca HeToabxo xax CToaxHOBeiiHe aayx -ni'iHOCTefi, no h xax 6opi.6a npHHUHn«aabHoro napTHfiHoro noaxoaa x JKH3HH c 6iopoxparH3MOM h caMoaypcTBoM HexOTOpux pyxoBOAHTeaeB. B xoae btoh Oopbfibi pacKpbiBaioTCH ayxoBHbifl MHp, xapaxiepu aioaefi, nx noJiHTHMecxHBxpyro3op. Hack Teahrapbi caMa no ce6e npaBHAbHan, ho oha b AaHHoe BpeMa hc peaabiia. Tax xax ;ia» ee ocymecreaeHHH eme He nacTaao BpeMa. Teabrapa ynpaMo 3aaBaaeT: «HaM Toai.xo iiaaaTb, a TaM rocyaapcruo caMo aaBepiUHT axo aeao». Box ero 6oabinaa ouiH6xa. y Hero xe caMbie HjXAHBeimecXHe HacrpoeHHa, xoiopbie Tax pe3Ko ocy*AeHbi napTHefl. 06 3tom npaMo h oixpbrro roBopiiT Teabrape ApMaH. Ho tot 0TXa3U- Bae-rcx BHaxb ero coBeTaM. Toma ApMaH, xoaxo3Hbifl cbaobhhk ZKanac, OpaT Teabrapu h BaxHTixaH nnuiyx cTaTbK) b ra3exy. nonB.iemic btoB i raTbH eme 6oabuie ycyryfuincT KOHi|)aHxT. Hapxopry xoaxo3a He aerxo ;.oxa3axb Buroanocxb cbohx npeAaoweHHfi, erne TpyAHee npoBOAHTb hx b Hdisiib, nOTOMy mto ttaaH Teabrapu oaofipeii h yTnepwfleii BbmiecTOauiH- mh KiicxaHnHuMH. C Apyrofl CTopOHbi, ApMaiia noAAep*HBax)T xoaxo3Hbie nxTHBHCTbi, oh onHpaeTCs Ha xoaaexTHB h CHaeH sthm. fla» ocymecTBaeHHn cbohx 3aMucaoB Teabrapa nuTaexcH Kcnoab30- HHTb Aaixe poACTBCHHbie CBH3H. Ho 3aecb ero nocTHraeT Heyaaaa. B pes- • 3ro BnepBwe otvenn M, Ayaaoo.
x cnopax c CparoM BaxHTwaiiOM 11 nauMim >i)>icpbio JKaHaca) lap Bee Oojibuic oCHapywMBaeTcsi pa3aniiie a ■nrnnauirm CTaTbtO, I10A KOTopoii CTOflT rah,.,,. „ „ „„ MecflueB Kan tbi\" uppoH.euHjcH.’oiiikAp_w__aHOM*, ii roBopHT einy: «He npomao HaTpasJiHBaa hx Apyr na Apyra*. On H”a-s-b-i-B-a-c-T--^-ACpOMpialTliI, |W>aCTBCI SoBphay3TcaraayBmx.eiJapieioTjH:iea«iiCuTiueacni-TaobrTaoeecMjiabaTcraaap•c- e••>a—r'loyMjK-o-i-i--aaanBnMoeaniiae,..b.e.yc.ra.o.yc.TbBoaCxuHHtrTUaJbnKi..a.iimyfaooll aMcoolyfli •: fEc.in Cyaeuib BhicTynarb npoTHs naana, npeaaowemioro miiok) h noaaep>nm%a9HHHDoAPn ” ” •' ~E 6yaeuib CTOHTb a mchs». K AHap oh CHaiaaa oCpawaeToi O'leiib bi SbaxHTtwarHa, oMh0HcTcaepcTaeprac’sKaHKcnoab30BaTbieaboocebKoi.i.x.» x3oHpabHic,nwibi'xAiuieaapax'aaioaCwiict oeaioCoBb. Ho AHap, iiohhb, 'ito ce .man Bcraa Ha HenpaBiiabiibiii nyTb, iiocrynaoT kok qecnwH leaoBeK, KOMMyimcr, nan Hiiwenep-MeaiiopaTop, Htteiown CBOC MiieHHe o Kaixoamjx aoaax.Tax, Teawapa, m oiapHHKC Hcnoab30Bafb poacTBcmibie cbr3H, Cbia pa3c6aaie pcacrseiiHiiKaMif h b koiiuc kohuob ocraaca coBepiueHHo oaiiH co coohm lipOCKTOMrpaHAH03HblX K03X03HUX flBOpUOB. B stom KOHtji.iHKTe aBTop pasoCAaiaer (peoaaabHo-6aficKHe ricpewiiT- kh BC03Haiiiiii aioaeil. XapaKTepen anaaor Te.ibrapbi h Aptiana: <CeroAHn a noGita Cpara, 3aBrpa 3aayuiy aaaio. Tbi AOBoaen, aocnir .-noero?» me Bu caeiibi! flaa Toro aaiub, htoom bi uiHil cTBTb aypaKOM, a MJiaaaiHft— ayfiimon*. B sToii 6opi.Ce ApMan nponBancT CBoe iiBHOe npeiiMymecTBo h b 06- 1pa3e Mhicaefi, h b iicxyccTBe pyxoBoaiiTb xiaccaMH. Ho CiopoxpaT ca- M°ayp, HeJiOBCK c rpyCofl, aepcTBOii AyiuoB, Teabrapa aeser nanpoaoM. Oh cpbiBaer naprHfinoe nopyqemic, K03upner cbohmh 6uaumh ycnexaMH. opaenaMH n nepexoflsmHMii 3Ha«cnasiii. Ho h ohh He cnacaiOT (yroepwaa- crcH naa« ApMaHa n KO.ixo3iniKOB-aKTHBHCTOB). Ho Tentrapa He caaeTca: «Mo*eT 11 caouaiocb, Moxcer nOTyxiieT bo MHe orOHb. He nepecratb we «He CuTb Teabrapofi!*. B ariix c.ioonx oeca Teabrapa. no CBoeii naType oh aeaoBeK, CcaycaoBiio, aecrHbifi, xopouio Tpyaiiaca ii TpyjtHTcn ajih Hapo.ra, «a h naan ero na nepBUfi Barana xopoiu: kto Oyner uo3pa>Karb nporHB Toro, «rro6bi Koax03HHKH KHan b CoabUiHX, xpa- oiiBbix AOMax?! Ho ecaii noAoflTH k STOMy Bonpocy c rocyaapcTBcinioR, MapTllllHOft TO’IKH 3peHHH, CyieTOM SKOHOMHHeCKHX B03MOWH0CTefi, TO9T0T naan 0Ka3UBaeTCH Heueaecoo6pa3HhiM 11Aaxrc bpcahum. Teabrapa He noHH- MaeT h He xoieT noHHM8Tb SToro. ToabKO nocae KpynHoro pa3roBopa b oCKOMe oh nocreneHHO HaiHHaeT oco3naBaTb cboh 3a6ay*aeiiHH. B nbecc rayCoxo oCpHCOBaiihi n Apyrne nepconawH. Bowax noaxo3- liux KOMMyiiHCTOB ApMaH 3aB0eBi.iBaeT ciiMiiaTHH spirreaefl. Ero mucjih ■loriinibi, BccoMbi h AeilCTBeiiHbi. C noMombio KoaaeKTHBa ewy yaaeTcs oTCTOHTb caofl naaH. AKTHBiiyK) poab npH 3tom curpaa CTapiiK JKaiiac. fXora tcjio Moe npocHrcsi b nocrcab, Ayuia Bee en;e TmieTcn k aioahm, k cBery», — 3anB.raeT oh. JKaHac yMen h cooCpa3HTeaeH, ero peat, nepeA- KOC eAKOfl HPOHHefi H TOHKHM lOMOpOM, H30CHayeT oCpa31lblMH Bhipawe- HHHMH, a<J)0pH3MaMH. HpoiueAiunfi CoabUlyK) H uiHfi h rope, II paaocTb, >KaH'\"' vnnnmDo npaa3r6HpaeTca B aioflnx, 6bicrpo . Oh ropamfl cropoiiHHK bi iioluch HenpaBHab- neCaHHfi no.amicbiBaeTcii n i, 3aBoeBaBiuero 3a ABaAuatb aer paCotu npeA- e AeflCTB
ceaaxeneM Konxo3a aBTOpHTer HenorpeuiHMoro pyKOBOflHie.ni. BnoaHe no- hiitho, noneMy ccKperapb napTopramraauHH ApMaH b cbohx aeflcTBHSx onn- paCTCa hmbhho Ha TaKyio, Hanfionee co3Haxenbnyio nacxb kojixo3HHkob. Bcex HOflojKHTeabHbix nepcoHawefi nbecu poaHHT apyr c apyroM o6ui- HOCTb HX HHTepeCOB, OSlHHft Tpya BOHMH IipOUBexaHHfl K0JIX03a. XHByT ohh Hacxomuefi nonHOKpoBHofi *ii3Hbio—c ropeM H paaocraMH, co cjnaa- mh h necHsiMH. Cyflb6bi oTaejibHbix nioaefi TecHO nepenaeiaiOTCH c cyan- 6ofi poAHoro Ko.ixo3a. CofiUTHa b nbece pa3BHBai0TCH npaBflHBO, pa3B«3- xa HacTynaei b aorHqecKH onpaBaaHHMfi MOMeHx. TeMa nbecu cUbcth, cxenb!* He HOBa b nocneBoeHHoij cobctckoh apa- MaTyprHH. Ho aeno ne b o6whocxh tcm, a b tom, nan Kawabifi apajiarypr peuiaeT ofimyio ana mhothx xeMy, ksk oh co3aaeT xapaKtepu nioaefi b CBoefi nbece. C srofi tohkh 3peHH>i nbeca A. TawHfiaesa ox.nmaeTcn h uo- bh3Hoh MaTCpHaaa, h bhcokoB xyaowecxBeHHOcxbio ofipaaoB. Oh co3aaer aBa npoTHBonoaoxtHbix Tuna ko-ixo3hux fleaxeneft: Teabrapu h ApMaua. Xanaca h apyrax. K HcaocTarKaM nbeca othochtch neKOTopan npHMOaHHefinocTbo6pa3a JnacTHe ero b WH3HHh paGoxe Koaxo3a, b napTopraHH3auuH ocxaeTcn bhc naan 3pet!HH 3pHTeaeS. Tejibrapa, paSoTaBiHHfi 6eccMe«HHM npeaceaaTeaen Koaxo3a «!Uyr- aa>, noKa3aK coBepuieHHO oahhokhm. B wh3hh, kohchho, y Hero 6m- no 6u HeMaao npireepwenueD cpeaH pnaoBux ko.ixo3Hiikob, b raaaax ko- Topax oh Bee we Oonbinofi qe-ioBCK, HcnpepcKacMafl aBTopHTeT. npaaaa. Koe-Kto b iibece Cpocaer nonowHxenbHue petuiHKH no aapecy Teabrapu. ho 3Toro HeaocTaTOHHO aaa Toro, <rro6u noKa3aTb peanbiiyio paccTaHOB- Ky cun b Konxoae. B nbece ecTb nepcoHawn HamocxpaTHBiioro nopnaroi. lie liMeiomHe oxHOiueHHH k ochobiiomy KOHip.iHKxy, iianpHMep cxyaeHXKa 300BexrexHHKyMa 0apHaa, npnexaBiuan Ha iipaKXHKy, Koxopan3aHHMaexca, oanaKO, He cbohm aeaoM, a necoHacawaeHHeM. JIciio, hto sxox nepcoHaw BBeaeH apaMaTyproM b nbecy Jiwiub ana toto, htoCb npoHnniocTpHpoBaTb' npoOnebiy.necoHacawaeHHa h nonyTHo aaTb noeoa CTapoMy xoaociaiiv A6anb6eKy ana paccywaeHHa o nio6BH. He«Morpa Ha sth HeaocTaxKH, nbeca «LUexn, CTenb!» HBnaexca 311a- HHxenbHUM TBoptecKHM aocTHweHHeM A. TawnfiacBa Kaic apaMaxypra. Tlbeca WH3HCH1I0 KonKpema h aKxyaawia, komiio3Huhohho cxpofiHa, cio- wex ce pa3BHBaeTcs amiaMHHHO. Kawaufi nepcoHaw roBopnx xapaxTep- hhm a3biKOM, ofiycnoBneHHWM ero poaoM 3aKaxHii, B03pacxoM, o6iuhm Kpy- ix>3opoM. TaaoB H3UKTeabrapu, Xanaca, ApMaHa, VncyBrCH, ToKOiiKe. 3xo cBHaexenbcTByex o nnoaoTBopHocxn pohckob apaMaxypra 3a noc- neaHHe roau, o pocxe ero xyaowecxBeHHoro MacTepcTBa. Honan nbeca «Mafipa» HBnaeica Oo.ibUiHM TBopneCKHM aocTHweiiHCM A. TawH6aeBa. Te«a nbeca— cy/ibrta weHmHHu KaaauiKH, rop«no aio6n- rneB KCKyccTBo, cboio poaHHy. OHcpnimaa, cnabHan ayxOM MaBpa Baope- foniounoHHOM oOmecTBe, rae rocnoacTaonann (peoaanbHae HpaBa h o6u- naH, (iopo.iacb aa cBofioay .ihhhocth. OHa cTpemmacb 3aBoeBaxb weHWHHt upaBo BbicTynaTb bo6nacTH HapoaHoro HcxyccTBa, rae no o6uqaHM npoui- noro eB 3anpemaaocb npoHBJiHXb cboh xanaHT. B nbece CMeaanMafipa 6opeTca c (peoaanoMTaflMaHOM,.KOTopuB 3an- naxKn 3a Hee, Hast3a cboio 6yaymyio CHOxy, orpoMHbrti icanbiM, c naHHcna- mhctom flyp6yxoM, xoTopuH BmoCancH b Hee h 3a JiioCyio neny totob nepeKynnxb ee y TaBMaHa. Bee sxh co6uxhh npoHCxoaflT HaxaHyHe peso- iuouHH. H bot npoH3ouina pCbojiiouhh. Mafipa ocBoOowaena, OHa npeoao- neBaer Bee nperpaau h floSHnaoxcd 3aBexHoro cnacTbH— Bcxpeqaexc* c nioOHMUMMypaxoM. A TafiMaH Hflyp6yx bo Bpe.Ma BocCTaHHn ™6HyT.
nSSSsSSSSSBSs ' naHHcPa.a\"M. H\" c„ra Anyp..O°;yprMa. BurJiaaHT ropasao 6aea.icc, .ien—oOn*as> sspa«rsas- «Maftpa» — nciixo.n ■recKaa apan . Aatop MactepcKH a MOHoaora repoi 6hi.no b ero apyrnx n ■a AypOyra necxoro MacTepcTsa A. faxtaCai 33UK repoeB iibecbi nacumcH a$opii3MaMii, rayOoKo iiosthmoh a ot- .iHnaerca npKOft McaoaH'iHocTbio. B tom, no nbeca ocoOo Bomiyer opiiTejia CHJioii CBoero n:iuKa h no b iiefi coOutiih Kan 6bi ocBemeiibi ciUbHbiMH 'lyocraami repoiiHH. CKa3UoaeTca TanaiiT A. TawnOaeBa kbk nosTa-aapiiKa. HHreaaHrciiUHH «AyOaii Wy6aeBim>. Ho 9Ta nbeca — ccpbC3iiaa Keyaaqa aoTopa, ona coaepwHT 11 ouih6kk iiaefiiioro nopaaKa. ITbeea nocipuena Hajiowhom KOH(])aiiKTe. b neii Bee qacnu H306pawaeMoro apamaTyproM koji- •leKTHBa o6pHCOBaiibi GropoKparaMH, TymmaMii, noaxajiHMaMH, pacxHTHte- a«MH rocyaapcTBemioro ao6pa. K TOMy we AyOafi, Canaii, >Kanajiaii, >Kap- reabrafi aOcoaiOTHO hoxowh apyr na apyra, He HHaHBHayaaH3HpoHaiibi, He THBH3HpoBaiibi. ApaMaTypr TaK yrpHpyer hx orpmvaTe.ni.nbie nocrynKH,. no MiiorHe CHTyauHH b nbece CTaiioBUTcn iienpaBaonoao6HHMii. B «AyCae UiyCaeBH'io A. TawiiOaoB HenpaBHabiio Bocnpmma m- Teparypiibic TpaaHHiiH npouiaoro. ribeca 9Ta b HeKOTOpoM oTHOuieHHH Ha- nouHHaeT «Peanaopa» H. B. Toro;™. Ho MeTOa KpimmecKoro peaaii3»ia Hf npHMCHHM npH C03aaHHH npOH3BCaeHHS O liauieii COBeTCKOfi aeRCTBH- TeabHOCTH. Hama .iHtepaTypa couHaaiicninecKoro peaaH3Ma iiphsbbhb 6h- ■reaaTb nopOKii b o6mecTBe. nepewiiTKH npom.noro b co3H3hkh aioaeft, ho ee ocHOBiiaii 3aaaia—yTBepwaaTb iioBoe, noaowHTeabiioe c no3HUHfl bu- cokhx naeaaoB K0MMymi3Ma. A apaMaTypr b 9T0fi nbece, noxaaaB Mopajib- a Heft npeacTaaa a HCieaweimoM cbctg. B nepBbie roau CTaiioBaeiiHH Ka3axcKoft coBeTcxoft no33HH Bee erne BejiHxo 6biao Bjniamie ycTHO-nosiH'iecKoro TDopnecTBa Ka3axcKoro Hapoaa. Tan 6biao oco6eHHOb 20-e roabi. Koraa KB3axcKHc noara ewe ne OBJiaaerm TpaaHiiiiHMH A6aa, pyccKHX KaaccHKOB H cobctckhx iiobtob. 3ra saaaqa Toraa To.ibKO CTaBH.iacb iia noBecTKy aHH. Kaapu Ka3axcKoft cobctckoh no33HH6uhh erne canwhom Moaoau. A6aHabaa Tawii6aeB, oami 113 npea- craBHTeaeft HOBoro noKoaeima 20-x roaoB, npHMepHo ao nepBoft nojioBHHM 30-x roaoB omipaaca b cBoeM TnopieciBe Ha ycTHo-no3TH>iecKiie tp3hhuhh. Oh noai.30BaacH r^oJibKaoptibiMH anm-eiaMii, cpaBiieiiHnMn. Ho aawc a Haqajie cbocto craHOBjicimn Kan noaTa A. Tawn6aeB tbop'icckii, Macrep- ckhnpiiMCHHCT HeKOTopweycTiio-nosTH'iecKHe npiieMbi. B «ner.ne» 06 A.iex- canape Hc'bckom non noab3yeTCH naTeTH'iecKHMH BbipaweHiiaMH H3 .ick- euycp.Koita aKbTioB-HMrpoBH3aropoB, KOTopuc noiiaao6HaHCb a.ih fio.-iee y6eaHreabHoro noKa3a Beanqiia no.iKOBOjua, aan Toro nofitj npnaaTb npoH3BeacHiiK> bucokhS naTpiioTiiqecKHft naipoc. Cthxh h noa.Mij A. Tawn6aeBa ommiaiOTCH apnoft o6pa3Hocrbio Bbipa- weHHi'i, oTaeJibHux xponoB, snHTeTOB, MCTaijiop, aaKoiiHmocTbio H Kpacoq- Hoctbio. B CTHXOTBopeHHH «He 3a6yab 9T0, poflHaii* eorb crpoKH:
fleflcTBHTOiiiHO, neaaab— ato CTena, 3a KOTopofi He biisho npeiKHc- ro yjiuGaioiueroca, cracrJitiBoro jiHua aioGstMofi. O tohkhx orretiKax ay- iiieBHhix nepejKHBaHHft icaoBeKa CKa3aHOo6pa3Ho H tohho. B no3Me <KaTepHHa» mu naxoaHM tskhc ctpokh: Hjih: 3aecb o GoabiHHX, cao*HUX jtohhthhx c«a3aHO cwaTO h, BMecre c Tew. 3PHMO. TaKHe npHMepu—He wiartubie HaxoaKH b no33iiH AGawibau TawH- SaeBa. Ohh xapaKTepHbi ana ero npOH3BeaeHH0. OcofieHiio yaaioTCH eMy HOBwe ana Ka3axcxoft nos3HH nosTHiecioie cpaBHeHHa: «CHaex ctapHK. Geaufi, nan HHefi»; «yB«aeB CTapHKa, ana ceaiiHa ficna, xaK to/ibko hto BbinaBmHft ener...»; «Kax bojik, Meayiuaftca b neBoae...». no3T o6hhho cpaBHHBaeT cbohx noaoacHTejibfiux nepcOHaaceii c coko.iom. .ibbom, opaow b t. a., a orpHuaTeatHUX— c bcuikom, 3afineM, copoKofl, rpHi|)OM. [IpaBaa, see bth cpaBHeHHa H3BecrHU H npeacraBHTeaaM ycraoS no33HH, oanaKo HcxyccTBo.nosra 3aoio'iaeTca b tom, hto oh npHMeHaeT hx b hobom 3iia- leHiiii h TO.TbxoToraa, xoraa sto Heo6xomuo. Hnoraa post BOnaomaeT jiHpHiecKoro repoa B o6pa3e necHH, cth- x a. B TaicHx cayaaax nojr cpaBHHBaer cboActhx c MpaMopoM («MpaMop- HbiS cthx»), pyxtbt'M («Co cthxom—3apa*eHHHM pyatbeM*), cuapaaov (*CeroaHa necaa nojieTeaa, K3K CHapaa»). B no33HH A. TaxaGacBa mu scrpeaaeM MacTepcKHe otiHcaHaa npa- Mojihhio noaT Ha3biBacT «chhhm MeaoMrpo3HUx aepnux tya», Tyay cpaBHHBaer c xhhjhum 3BepeM, npHroroBHBimiMca k npuwKy. 3Be3aH OA« aero atoyacep».occuim KeMiyrai, saaMnoaKH Hjibnaa, 3aropeBuiHeca poa- hom to b flaa nosM h cthxb A Ta*H6aeBa xapawepiio Haanqite pccppeiia, noB- TopaioiuHxca nosTaaecKHX crpOK. PeijipeHu HHoraa BCTpe>iaiOTca y Hero b Haaaae CTpoi)), a HHoraa—h CTpoK. A. Ta»H6aeB HaxoaHTca Ha sepnoM TBopaecxoM nyTH. B pa3Hux wan- pax c no3HUHfi coKHaaiicTHaecKoro peaaH3Ma oh CTpeMHrca aupa3HTb BucoKHe HaeH cobctckoto narpH0TH3Ma, apyatGu Hapoaoe, GoraruB ayxoB- Hbifl MHp coBeTCxoro aejioBCKa.
TAHP )KAPOKOB Tanp JKapoKOB— ojhii H3 Kpynnux xaaaxcKiix coeetCKiix ixmon Cboio nosTH-iecKyio .iciiTeabiiocTh on nawi c 1928 roAa. TBop'iccTnoT.>Ka- poxoBa cbirpa.li> aiiaaiiTeabayio po.ib b paamnim xasaxcxoB nosami, oco- 6cmio noaiiTH'iecKOii jmpilKii. T. >Kbpokob Bceivia OTKJiHKaeTCii na caMuc axTyaabiibic tcmw wh3Iih. Ecjiii npoc.ic,ii!T>. nyTb, npoflWHHbiu noaroM COBpeMCHII BblXOAO B CBCT ncpBOft KlIlirH (1932) AO nOCJlCAHHXnpOH3BCAC- hhD. to bmaho. 'ito Tanp, HcnOAb3y« ace cpcACTBa ii bosmowiioctii xyAOwo- crecHHoro oroOpaweiiHfl xoishm. ctpcmhtch ornciaTb TpcfioHaimau Hauicii ACACTBMTCAbl'OCTIi. Haqae cboh TBopiecxiifi nyrb c UaaClIbKIIX AHplIMCCKHX CTHXOTBOpe- Hufi. noaT b nocaCAHHC roAU o6pa- THACHK KpynHblM IpOpMaM 110331111. Xotji b ero nepBbix iipoii3ne;ic- hhhx HyncTBOBa.THCb a.icMCHTbi noapa- warcabCTBa, xyAo>iiecTBeHHNe iiciin- hkb noata iia'iHHaioTcii c iicpBhix uia- rOB cro ACSTC.1M10CTH. C ocoOofl CH- xoft npoHBH.ncn no3THqecKHfi TaaaHT T. XapoKOBa b noauax, b mix pac- KpUACH CTO HHAHBHAya.TbllUH OO'lepK. csoeo6pa3He xyaowecTBeiiHux npiie- mob. Snii'iecKOC naia.io b tbopicctbc noara npeo6Jiaaaer HaA niipii'iecKHM. 00pn3bi co3Aamiux hm noJioJKHTCAb- Hux repoeB— KaBcapa. JKaMaji, Te- MHpCcKa, Bcficexeui 11 apyrHX. bbh- JlHCbKpynHblM AOCTBHiemiCM noaTa ncBua nauieii c0Bpe.«eHH0CTH. T. >KapoKOB saHHMaacR jiHTcpa- rypiiuMH nepeBoaaMH. h b npouecce ncpeBoaa TBopiecxH ynwcB y bcah- “ s * s s ^ s s - « « - - *. m ,s r , s r . r ism * - ” UTB>KapoKoBH3Aaa okoao AccRTH cfiopmmoD cTBXon M~ Ero npoii3BeAeiiKH neiaTaflHCb b nepcBOAe Ha i>y»
mmx raierax h wypHa.iax, ajibMaHaxax h xpecTowaTHflx aarepaTyp napo- AOB CCCP. PyccKOMy 'iHTaie^io oh H3BecTeH cbohmh c6opuHKaM» «3oao- Taa cTenb» (1938), «Ot Bcero cepAiia. (1947), «H36panH0e» (1949), «Cth XOTBOPCr-HB H 003Mb.. (1956), T. >1<3j)okob pojiiu.cn b 1908 roAV b )KaHu6eKCK0M pafioiie 3ana,.no- Ka3axcTaHCKo(i o6Aacm B 1920 rojy oh nocTyniio b pyccno-Ka3axcKym WKoJ.y h OKoiiaH.i TpH Koacca. B 3th roau oh 3ay.HaaeT iiaH3ycTb umpo- ko pacnpocTpaHCHHbie b ero poAHbix xpanx cthxh MaxaM6era. B 1923 ro- ay T. XapoKOB nocTynaeT b Ka3axcKHii HHCTHTyT HapoaHoro npocBcme- min b OpcHOypre. Oh yqHTcn, MHTaeTnpoHBBeaeHHHKJiaceiinoB, nwiiier cth xh h ny&iHKyeT hx b ctchhoh ra3CTe «TaanbiH». B 1926 rofly T. XapoKOB y*e ciyACHT MucTHryTa HapoAHoro npoCBc- meHHa b K3bia-0pAe. 3Aecb oh ocHouarcabno 3uaK0MHTCH c npoH3BeAC- HimMK A6an, yaarca ero noaTimeCKOMy MaCTepCTBy. C oco6wm HHTepecoM moaoaoA no3T MHTaeT cthxh Ca6HTa MyKaiioBa H Ulojinaii MMaH6aeBo6, KOTopbic neqaTaaHCb b meiax h xcypuanax. riepBbie npo)i3BeACHiin xaaax- CKOfi COBeTCKO0 I1033HH O peBOAIOUHH, 0 CB06oAe, O KJklCCOBOii 8opb6e, o B. H. JIcHiiiie 0Ka3b.Ba.oT peiuaromee bahshihc Ha T. JKapoKOBa. Eme b K3bui-0pAe ero CTHxorBopeiiHH npHo6peTaK>T unipOKyio iciBccTHocTb. IlosT Bc-TpeqaeTcn c Ca6i.TOM MyKaiioBhiM, KOTopufi AaeT eMy cobcth, nan u Ha xaKHe tomw micaTh cthxh. 9th BCTpeqii cbirpaan 6oAbuiy>o pojib B cocraBjieHHOM Ca6HTOM MyicaHOBUM b 1927 roAy c6opHHKe <Aapu aKbiHOB. neqaTaercfl craxoTBopeHMe T, TKapoxoBa «CMeerca cepe6pnHoe coAime*. riy&FiHKamm cTiixoTnopeims BceaneT b no»Ta Bepy, baoxhob- ancT cro Ha TBopqecKHe ycnexn. Bcjica 3a hum nodBAfliOTCH a ra3eTe cro CTHXH«yqeHHK hjih MeiuaHH.i?. HepBbiM npoH3BcAcHHcM, b KOTopoM no-HacToniueMy paCKpblACfl noa- THqecKHfi oGahk T. XapoKOBa, 6uao CTHxoTBopemie *A3ponaaH», ony- «AHK0BaHH0e b 1928 TOAy b wypHaae «>KaHa oaeGHeT.. B HeM BOcneBa- aacb HOBan TexHHxa, xoTopaa Caaroaapa CoBeTcxofi bjibcth npauiaa ■ oTCTaabiii ayn. Tlo CBoefi xyAowecTBeHHofi Bbipa3HTejtbHocTH npoH3BeAei.He CBiiAcTeabCTBOBaao o He3ayp«AH0M ranaHTe ero aBTopa: Otxau r C 1928 r< a T. JKapoxoB yqHTcn n AAMa-AraHCKOM ncAaron.qccKOM ...iCTHTyTe Ha (paKyAbreTe H3biKa h JuiTepaiypu h cosAaeT pnA npon3BCAC- IIHH, Koropbie cocTaBHAHero nepnufi cfiopiiHK «Cbct 3bc3a» (b 1932 r.). “ ,r roilax 011 paOoTaeT cexpeTapeM OpraoMiirera Coiosa HHcaTCAcr KasaxcTaHa, b 1932— 1933 roaax- peAaieropoM KaarocAHT- H3A3Ta, B 3TH TOAbl OTACAbHbTMH KHHrdMH BblUJAH TPH eTO 1.03Mb.—«Ha 3ape KOMMyHH3Ma», «HedneCTaH., «CoAHue 3aroBopHAO» h c6ophiikh cth- XOB.lleCHH MOTOpa., «>Kh3HL TOBOPHT., B 1932—1936 roAax T. >KapoKOB yqHTcn b acnapaHType HHCTHTyTa Hrrnnau ---- - „ „ „ TCpaiypb| B^ e„HHrpajte. Torfla xe 0H C03Aaer mho 03My 0 qeAiocKHHuax, BepHyBUiHCb H3JleHHHrpa-
a6ah,ctOi»K. pHaeCfiooTJiabeirunae c1t9h3xh7-m19u38 roaax aamcxctMhtTceJioicm™jpa.3«C™TU «Ku.a3aK site- 1h h u ». B 1937“ fly noar coaaLr noaM^'ln,^,0’' B c0oP|,l\"<c « r<woc Po- * rs a ; ■ n 7 9« \" r T' x r . . “ z i r r r r ± : ~ CTpeMH.ICH (IOK,133Tb CoOblTHH rpaMSflaitCKOii COHIItj\" OODbOv*’ KHaaxrkH* TpyflHWHXCH 33 yCTailOD.K'HHO CoReTCKOlt IU13CTH P y chMX Bo BpcMK BeaiiKofi OTenecTBeiiHoft b poa BCT3.1 na 3amHTy Pojimbi, T. JKapora >raa socb coBercKiiii na- uiBuiiiiicn upaaax Kpac- a3rp0M Bpara. B COBCTCKHX Jlioarfi Ha I nofillbl CTHXOTBOpeHHnX Ha (JjpoHT TOBapHuw: 30bct Ha noABHrH, BocneBaeT Mywe 1leapeeiawPefoia*)h,hchBo:st upmuBaeT TpyflstuH TaK BMpawaor host cboh naTpHOTHieCKHe nyncTBa. B roaid boftHi.i T. >XapoKOB Bbtnycniji Jtsa cOopitHKa («CraaHhckho coKoahi*. 1912; «[lccHb o 3oe», 1943). ITocae boSiih oh aannca.ii mhoto cHafipamibie npOH3BefleHHH>, b 1949 r. noasca «Jlec b nycruiie 3auiyMcn», b 1954 r. — noBMa «Craflb, po>KaeHHan b ctoth*. B ncpBhiii c6opHHK T. >Kapoi<ona «Cbct 3Be3,i» napaay co cnixauu «JleiMiiix. «PaaocTHHft Koaap», «3 ojiotoo 3epHO», «Orpoft HOByio WH3Hb», sPoBopiiT—a xoMjr (5hti. MtoHepoM* bouiah npoH3BeaeHHH, nanHcaHiibie npeHMymecTBeHHO b 30-x ro,aax. 3th nepBue cthxh ronopiian o nosTHie- ckom TanaiiTe T. XapoKOBa, o ero TestnepasteHTe, cBoeofipasim roaoca. Bo Miioriix npoH3BcaenHHX bthx jict tyBCTByeTca erpest-ieHne nosra 3anevaT- •iCTb natpcc couHanHCTiiaecKOro cTpoHTeai.CTaa. Oh OTiuiHKaeTCHHa 3Jio(5o- tai'BHbic cofibiTHH 1KH3HH; iia cTpoHTenbCTBOKpeftcepa (sKpcftcep KpacHH*; 1929), crpoiiTe.ibCTBO xefle3Hoft aopora TypxcHS («>Kcne3HaH aopora*; 1929), Ka npwxoa nepooro noe3;ia b A.iMa ATy («HeyTOMKMufl Tynnap»; 1929), npHHHTHe hoboto anipaBHTa («Oao6p»io naTHHCKHii a.i(j)aBHr»). UeHTpajibiioft Tesioft nepBoro cfiopimKa ctkxob cranoBHrca C03imaTejib- Hufi rpy.i coBeTCKKX aweft. H aro He cayaaftHO. Hhchho Toraa Hamma- --------- a CoBeTCKoft CTpaHU, nsTHJierKa CTpoex h TpyaoBbtx r.iaBHoft TeMOft Bceft Ka3axcK0i i it fiujia rpyaoB crpoHTMeii comia.’iimia. He 6am nenmn, koto e 6bi He nuca.i Testy. Ctiixii A. ToKstaraMSeTOBa. r OpM « hi l. TawnSaeiia, TibiKOBa, T. Moa.tbi6aeBa, noofinmeHiiue npoit3BO ax «Ccpaue», «UJax- 3<JBaaHCb Co-Tbiuofl n jH a ib aopora», *npii3btB ......... .........Tpyaa®, «CTa/ibHoil mo.iot», «/Kcjic TypKCHOa* T. /KapoxoB naoSpawaa caiHpaTe.H: ft Tpyfl, repoHMccKHe fiyjHH cobctckiix ajoaeft b KasaxceaHe OflHaKo oh He Mor ewe b tv nopy raySoKo oCMUCJiHTb sry Testy, paspafiaTbiaaa ee noBepXHocTOO Mwnoe 7—241
Ban. TpyjWBofl npouccc— rya MoropoB, uiyM CTaiiKor. —3axBan<ao » T. >KapoKoisa. 3ByKonoapa>KaiiHe, aHUieHHoe BiiyTpeHHero CMbicaa, KaMHO- ro cmoxano xyflOwccTBOKmjH ypoBenb nexoTopbix ero npoH3Beaemiii. Bor oflim 113Miiomx npHMcpoB: 6O nepeaoBoii tbxhhkc host nucaa b CBOeMcraxoTBopcmm «A3ponaaH». npw Biiflc caMo.ieTa, nerauiero bucoko b Hc e, era oxBarUBaeT ayBCTBO saxoHKOH ropaocTH 3a HOBoro 'ieaoiieKa—co3Haareaa u TBopua: B cOopHHKe«CseT 3Be3a» T. XapoKOB noxs3aa ceSa hostoh, KOTopufr yMeeT jkhbo OTKai’KaTLca Ha aKTyaabHue Bonpocu ana. Hapaay c npo- H3BeaeirHa.MH Ha Teny npon3BoacTBCHHora Tpyaa Kan 3ao6oaHCisHb)x co- fiUTllS B peenyfiBHKe llOHBHaHCb CTHXH O KOmpHCK.'lUHH HMymecTBa 6aeB, o KyabrypHOM crpoHTeabCTBe. B CTHXOTBopennHX «Paaocnmft Koaap», «Bo3poa(aeimHfi aya», <06pauieHHe K 6ory» pa3oSaaaaiOTCH 6aH Hi|ieo- flaati, BocneBaeTca hobuB KoaacKTHBHbiii Tpya, HOBbifl o6.ihk Ka3axcitoro ayaa. npBHHTHe HOBoro aafyaama («Ha6aBHMca ot apa6iiCTHKK», «UiaroM Maprnk HOBOMy a.-KpamiTys), paBHonpaBHe >xeHUXHHKasauiex («CBoOoaHaa aiCHaiHHa*, «TpyaoaiodHBafl ana»), OoeBaa roTOBHOCTb crpaHu k o6opone («Kpacnaa ApMHa»), KyabTypHoe CTpoHT&JibCTBOb pecnvO.'iHKC (sTwiorpa- ij)iiH»), ayMH ii Hevru ynameBca MoaoaewH («riiioHep», «nHoiiepua Cay ac», «TpyaoBaa cMenas) —see 3to Kamao CBoe xyaoiiteCTBcmioe Bonaome- iiiic yjae b nepBOMdSopanice cthxob T. >KapoKOEa. Ho paaocTiice r.ocncnaHHe nepBtix ycnexoB Ka3axcTancKoB npoMUin- acHHOcni («MoaoTbi DHTHacncHs,«neclia MOTOpas) ocraeTCHbarty nopyflan Hero raaBHOfi tcmoh. T. XapoKOB co3aaeT na sty Tesiy u npoiBBCjeHiia Goaec Kpyrworo waiipn—nosMbi «Ha sape kqmMyiiH3Mas, <rHec|>recTaH». riepByio no3My oh nocBuriia flecariiaeTHio Ka3axcTana, RTopyio—coBeT- chiiM nei|iTBiiHKOM. OiiitaKo 3iH npoii3BCacKHii 0Ka3aaHCb b xyaomecTBeH- HCMOTiiouieimn caadUMir. B iiosmc «Ha 3ape KoMMyini3Ma» aBTop yBaex- cii npocruM nepc'iiicaemieM npoMMimicimHX CoraTCTB CoseTCKoro Coi03a 11b 'lacTiiocTH KaaaxcraHa; b nobmc oTcyrcrBOBaati odpa3hi aioaeii, ciower, KOMnosiiuHji ce Ou.'ia cayiaBnoii. B no3MC«He<l)TCCTan» host TaKjKe ynycsaeT raaBiioe (pocr aioaeii na npoii33oacTBe) H33I!1(msctcb nepoiHcacHHeM aoctOHHCTB He<[>TH, aexaapa- Biicii ee 3iia'ieiiHH o iiapoaiioM xoshBctbc:
»«I
Uoim.-i «Cojiiiuc laroBopn-ios criHfleTe.ibCTBOBaJia o tom, no y T, Xapo- KOBa noaBAHcrea coofi iwioc. ciuiaabiBaerca cboB CTKAb. 0,niaKO hvwho cKa.iaTb, mtoe nocjieayiomiix npi>n3ccjeHiiax on pe.iKOnpiiflera.i k na^ocno- poManTH'iecKOii Maiiepe miCbMa. Bcxope nosr cos/iaer cboio H3BCCTHyionoa- ny «rioroK», ncpBufi BapHaHT KOTopofi Bumea OTAc.ibiioil KHHroS B 1937 IOay'no3Ma «ri0T0K» (nepeBOa H. CnflopeHKo).cBHflCTe.ibCTBOBajra o njic- AOTBopHoSy«ie6e T. XaponoBa y pycCKiixnoaTOB, o npHoOperciiHOMhmyMe- Bifii co3flaBaTb anmecKHCnoAoraa. 06pa3M noAOJKirreAbHbixrepoeB Kaiica- panJKaMa.i, nocrynKii HaeiicTBimKoropux pa3BHnaiOTcn b TecHOil CBB3H c OSiaCCTBCHHUMII COUHaAbllHMH MOTHBaMU, COBOpHT O BUCOKOM peaAHCWie- ckom wacTcpcTBe noaTa. 3a ocHOBy- noauu b3hto coSutHe, npoHcuieauiee b 1921 rosy Br. Bep- iiom (humc A.'iMa-Ara),~-CTpaiiiHoe GeacTBiie, iipirauieHiioe ropo.iy rpa3e- bumhotokom c Top, 3aTonHBmHMh pa3pyuiHBiuHMero yjiHuti, AOMa. [loar lie orpaHii'iKBaerca K3o6pa«eHHeM cthxmihiux chji npupoAU, a noflimMaeics Ao iraofipawemia oSmecTBemiux aniieima. Caobo «noTOK» BnoaMe 03HaiaeT ne To.ibno CTiiXHilHue chau rpupoAbi, ho h nenpeoAOAHMoe ABHJKeBHe hobo- ro. llaoOpameHHe n noime noaMa Mapmupyiomiix KpaciioapueiiueB, hx 6o- CBHenecim, 3aB0ACK«eryAKH, aoBymne paGoaux Ha 33boa» nan 6u chmboah- bHpyiOTMOrymeCTBOll MOlAb COBeTCKOfi CTpaHbJ. raaBiiue repoH noa«bi Kaficap h /Kaiiaa, a Tanwe Ceprefi (b nepBOM r.apnaiiTe HBan) ii MyKaui, npaBAa, o6pHcoBaHu noaTOM cxyno. Bee ohh BMCTvnaioT nanaioah iiobotoCKAaAa, nocniiTaiiHbie b iiobux, conHaAHCTMec- khx ycAOBiiflx. Bo BpeMHABiiweiiHH noTOKa, XAbmyBuiero b ropoA, norH6aiOT uaTb Kaiicapa h poaiiue )KaM3A. /leyx chdot, 0Ka3aBiunxcsi iia yAHue, boc- mnana CoBCTCKaHitfiacTb. TIocAe oKomammiukoali b abtaomc ohh yeawa- hit yiHTbCH: OAiia—b JleHHHrpaA, Apyroii — b MocKBy. Bo3BpainaH>WHlicn H3Mockhm MOAOAOii HHwenep Kaiicap H3oxiia biiaht npeKpacnyio, npeodpa- wenayio 3CM.uopoAiioro xpan. Benue ropThi Ko.ixo3Horo ayAa, Miioronic.ieH- iihie CTain, 3peiomiie xne6a, Bcccnue Aima AlOAeil HanoMHiiaior Kaficapv ero paHHioioioiioctb. Ctpokii H3 «MeAHoro Bcaaimxab A. FlyiUKHiia, Koropo- ro oh HHTaer b Barone, 3acTaBAmoT ero BctioMHHTb iiotok, ofipyiuiiBimiiica c ro|i aa AAMa-Ary. Kaiicap ayuaeT o tom, kto ecAH fiu ne CoBeiCKaa BAacib, to oh He nanyiiHji 6u hh oGpasoBaHHii, mi MeCTa b wh3Hii h ero owioMAa 6bi Tanas we yiacTh, xaxaa nocTarAa EBreima H3 «MeAHoro BcaA- niixa». Kaiicap paAyeTea TOMy, mto coiuiaAHCTHAecKHfi CTpofl bubca ero b aioah h CAeAa.i pamionpar.iiUM hachom coBeTCKoro oOuiecrBa. B ofipa3c Kaiicapa noi:a3aii HeAOBex hobotoBocnuraHna. MaAbTOiia-cH- pory rAeaaAa Me.noneKOMHOBaa >KH3Hb, nosTOMy ero aio6obi>h npeAaHHOCTb couHaAHCTH>iecKOfi PoAHae6e3rpaHHMHH. KaiicapToponHTca BKAiouHTbca b rpyAOByio wiisHb poAHoil crpaHbi. naTpiiOTimecKHe avBCTBa ero ocoGeHHO apKO nupawaioTca Toraa, KorAa oh pa3o6AaaaeT BpeAHTeAbCKHfi nA8H no nacTpoiiKe ropoAa HHweHepa OpAafiaeBa. Ecah 6m Kaiicap He npeBocxoAHA Bpara b --.neprHii, CHAe, 3iiamiax, a rAaBHoe ne omipaAca 6u Ha Maccu, exy rpyAHo fibiJio 6h OopoTbCa c BpeAHTeAbcrBOM. Ho c Toro MOMeHTa, KorAa
cexpeTapb napTKOMa 3HaKOMHT Kaiicapa c paOoiHMM, on cpaay we bxoaiit k hum b aoBepne. Pa(5oune, ueiia opraHH3aTopei<HM Taaanr Mojioaomciieini aaHCia, vnancaiOT ero. OpAatiaeB, pacnpocTpaHun paanuc iicflu.'iiimj mnii leorrcHCenpproexHfiEhonMoCyTnaaBmH.Tb KaBcapy pa6ouiix. Ho a laiiinry KaHcaua iiucx3viia JliwKaBcap aioCiit Tpya, yncpno yuim-a, li.uer, eipcMiina x soaosiy. toro mtoOij paao&naiiiTb BpeaMTejibCKiifi naan Op/utfiacna, on irnyiacr iiec yepTewH, conocraBjiaeT lunjipu. li ero npeacraBaemm Tjiya—m> mop'iccr bo a I'aaaiiT uejiOBeKa aaaweH pacKpuBaXbCn o Tpyae. flo iiaType eaoeft KaBcap eo.tcboii, Wii3iiepaaocTHbiii ue-xoBCK. B H3o6pa«cimn nosra on ao ctoBiio onpaaaMsaeT ceoe hmh <«KaRcap» —HenpeKJioHmj/i, Boaecoii).BMec- -'M KaBcap He npocTO cnenHa/mcT, oh— ucaobck (io.ibuioii Kyabtypu it spyAHUHn; oCilT JiItrepaTypy, My3blKy, ncKycciao. OCpaa Kaiicapa naan- u,„ ,.t aocTHweimcM Ka3axcKofi nos3iin b coi.iamiii no-iowiiTeuno- ro repon b anreparype aoBoeimbix jie-r. floaowHTeabHbiM repoeM b nosMe T. Aapoxoiia BbicrynaeT h JKaMa.i. OHa c aeTCTBa pocaa BMecxe c KaftcapoM, noron* yumiacb b JleHHiirpaacxoM HHCTuxyre, CTaaa HHjKeHepoM-CBa3KcroM. Pucya wmiieHimfl nyrb /KaMaa. noaT noAuepxHBaeT re couHaabHbre nepcaeiiu, xoTophre npoioouiaH iibine b WH3HH>KeiiuiHubi Ka3aiuK». Ecan ao peeoaioHKii xaaaxcxaH weiiuiHua cunra- aacb paObiHeR Mywa H WH3Hb cboio xopoTaaa y AOMauwero oiara. to b co- bctckoc npeMii o«a CTanoDHTcn paBnonpaaiibiM 'laeHOM coiwa.mcrifuecKoro ofimecTBa. K cowaaeHHio, boat ouchi. cxyno pacKpbiBaer BHyrpeHHiofo wh3hi> Xawa.i. Mu peAKObhahm ee a nocTynxax h AeBcxBHux. Fiorr 3H3komht nac c Hefl b nauajie nosMU, xorAa Ha ropoa xaunya norox, 33tcm caobiio 3a6bi- BaeT ee. H xoabKO b xonue ikomm, xorAa AeByuiKa ywe paSoxaer B hobom ho. caMOsaCiieHHo. no.iyueiiHi.ic b HHCTHTyxe SHamia ona ofioramaex npax- THuecKiiM onbiTOM. Abtop CTpeMHTCfl noKa3axb iunpoKim xpyro3op, Ayxoe- Hoe pa3BHTHe ccoefi repomm. B ee ckpomhocth h npocioTe —Oojibuiaa BHyn- peHHHH xpacoTa: Ho* 3btoj> oTOpnaa cboio repoHHio ot Koa.xeKi’HBa, oiia lie npsi- 630HHMacT yuacxiia » WH3HH onpywaioiuefi cpeau. xpyAHTcn xax <5w oflo coSaeiiHo. Ee oGiuenmo c wn.im.io, pocry » pa3BHTmo cnocoScxBycTraaBiibiM o pa M KaBcap. B neppoM mipiiaiixe hosmu >KaMa..i nioiieT. CMepxb nosx HbiTaercHo&bHciiiiTbxapaxTepoM>KaMa.'i. Ho 3tot aobca asTopa nejioriiuex. Bo BTopoM BapHaHre bbtod ocraBjmex repcmno b jkiibux, ii oiia cusctahbo coeamiaerca c aioBiimum KaReopoM. Ha mieACTaBHTtvieii pa6ouefi cpeau T. AapoxoB suaeaseT b cbooh nos Me Cepreii h Myi<ama — nepeaOBUX paOouiix-cTpoiireJieii. Ohh lie HAyx «a noBoay y OpaafiaeBa, a noaaepwHBaioT KaRcapa. H i aarepd sparos r.iyOwe Bcero oSp.'iroBan hoxtom OnAafiaeB. On onu- 03xen, cmotahb, Iipoiiup.-IHB, yMcex saMexaTb cboh c;k-a u . Bxcpimicb n Aone- nue k nafiouiiM oh nbiTaexcfl paaiowaxb KOJiaeKTHB, nocenxb iiamioiiaAbiiyio F Hb wewAv pycCKHMH h KaiaxcKHMH paeoiHMH. Ho KaBcap paaoCaanaca- eroBpeaiiTeAbCKHfi naan. Oahbko nocnemHoe mioRh nDHOuLimriMna pafioxy mo.io.uim cnenna.'iHCXOM KancapoM oahii
BtmaBiniix ccpi,c3iibie noao3pcmiH, to Obuio 6h 6oaee yCeaHTe-ibHUM h .'topaoora.'i h iiaMtioro yjiymiHJi ce. Host ciiaa snasoau, Koropue n3AH0iHe oT»>Kwra.'iHociioBiiyio cioaicroyio .'hwhio iiosmu. Ho paa coKpamcHiiii Heno- uica na noaray npoH3Beaefinio, iianpiiMep sniiaoa, Koraa OpjaCaeii aeaaer npcaaoaieiiHc Xastan, H 9NH30AU, b kotopux onHCbiBaaca ee ofi-rax. B ncpBOM BapiiaiiTe Chah oOcroaTejiBCTBa, Koropue TOAKa.ni Opaa6aeBa Ha yOaiicTBo Kaiieapa. OpaaSsCB— Bpar, BpeairreAb, iiauHonaAiiCT. Oh lie mo- )Ker npmiHpiiTbcnc tc-m, hto ero mcctoaaHHMaoT MOAoaoft cnemraiiHCT Kaii- cap, KOTopuii riocjie npiixoaa iia pafiory na'iimaeT pa30&iaaaTb Bpawae6iiuc- AeHCTBaa OpaaCaesa. Oh nbiTaeTca ckaohutii Ha cboio CTOpony /KiMa.i ho e.«y 3to lie yaaercu. HaKoiien, Koraa Op;ta5aen 6poeaeTCsi c khhho-tom iia Kaiieapa, hox< nonaaaer b JKomoa. Tax napaaaejibHO c ochobhoS ahhikS ciowera no3Mbi paricima.’iaa, jitipimecKan akhhh, KOTOpaa yr.iy5.-iH.ia ochob- nyio naeio npoasBeaemni. Cokpsthb paa MOMeiiTOB, ycH.iimaioiuHx h nono.i- HaioHVHx o6pa3 )KaMaa, asrop no cymeCTBy ooeamia cboio reponHio. TaKHM oCpaiOM. b noc.ieaiicMBapnaHTe noaMU>KaMaa nona.3aiiaaaaeKofi or BcaKoii BHyTpeHHeii GopbCu, oHa Bceueao 33HHTa cbohmh cJiyjxeOiibiMii o6fl3aiiHoc- HosMa «rioTOK» ciiH.TeTe.ibCTByer o HacTyniiBmefi 3peaocTH Tanama T. >KapoxoBa. Dost MHoroe caeaaA aah Toro, htoSm co3aaTb peajiHCTHiee- KHe ofipa.Thi repoes. B nosMe aaiiu aprae iiapTifHbi npHpOflbi, xauHyBuiero Ha ropo.i rpaaoBoro noTOKa, noKa3aHbi »H3Hb, 6bir ropoacaii, a Taiiate ho- abifi, eoai!a.iHCTii‘iecKiifl oAwk Kasaxcraiia. ycHaJiaaaca Betep, iiapacraa, 3.1UMayxa.Mdypa. hpa30pBaaacb Pa3BiiBaa cioweT, rrosT 'iscto npHoeraeT K .inpsmecn™ OTCTyrtaeiiaaM, b Koiopi.ix EhieKaabiBaer cBoe oraouienae K H3o6paHtaeMofi aeiicTBHTeAb- nocTH. OpiirimaAbiibie pm|>MM, oOpa3bi, cpaBiieHsia, snarera aenaioT no3M>- apims! rosTH'iecKiiMnpoH3BeacHiicM. HecoMiieimo, «ito no3Ma «rioToK» casaana noa BAHflmieM «MeaHoro niaAHHKa* A. C. HyuiKHiia. KaK H3Becrno, b stom npoH3BeaeiiHH tccho coHCTaerea Tt-aa CTHxiiHHhix CeacTnufi h TeMa .iHimnB cyab6u aeAOBexa. no3My, b ocHose ko- BN, CXOWHC C nyUIKHHCKHMH. TcpO^ ''111\"11 K n09MC n-vmKllH eoaopHT o CCBBooeeffil ropanefi ak>6bii k Ile- T. >Kapoh A.iMa-ATe:
« , 5.a r y EB^eH!,a- TaK “ y Kaacapa som flua paapymcii. noiepim a\\ Snuyio, EnremsB, HimoMy ae HyjKiiufl. nooie aojirux cxiifannii „ mvk vmhV. -- Kancapy, no cymecray, yrpoataer ra wc yiacri,, no era cnacocr or rp jtryBai'ioiieaicuCKiTioxeflnKtc.Cp.vTy.aB.n.uyH.i.lob.tTi.!x..o..6.e.?.,.y.c.n..'.pio.o.(K..3BeaXpeyHjiaHHoMHwXmeciTTii.BTc>BHKoHappbaiceCTcBpaearCiyTuoiaKHnioia'j.M1uJ TaK* hoc,a Hamic > 1937 1940 r lapuns ona3aaacb imm r aocraToarro yflc.aiiTe.ib- lan.'io xyao*ecTBCiinocTb noc.ro ray co UHoniMH kopotkiimh napaw- o ofl'teMy iipoiUBenemiii. B uhxon Bocntrja.! rpya h 3HTy3aa3M cobctckhx nioaeii b nocaeBoemroii iraTimeTKC («X.icfl», «Graj!eBap», «Cepb>fl wepefleHoro). B noaxe «Cto- neBap» (1948) T. XCapoxoB cTpeMaaca noxaaaTb >Ki!3Heimbiii nyri. peajibiro lymccTr.yioiuero nepeaonoro pafioaero Tcwnpray T. Aapaflaeoa; b noana «Cepu:i jKcpcOc.'lox» (1947—1948)—rpyaosbie flyjjHH KasaxcKoft Moaoaewn, ’.lonoaoro rurpom.Ka, Koropufi Bbixa>KKBaeT npenpacaoro wepefleiiKa; b no- 3mc (I9-!R) — caMOOTBepiKemiua rpya kco!X03hhkob, flopiouiHxca 3a BiicoKirii yponaii, b aern-pe noaMU—nepeaosoro napTirSHOro pa6oTK!ixa. Qa- Hako » oroM repoo Mi ue bhahm nyraocrji, oprana3aTopcKHX cnoco6HOCTeii, liCTiiniio rapi7ii'i:oro no.oxoaa K army. Host npoTHBonocTaBaaer cro npeace- jartviro Karxoia. Hobmo BaaaMOOTBoiaeHHHaroaefi, Horihiii oSjihk xoaxosHoro KpccTbHiicTca I! IIOSMCocTsaHCt xyAOXtecTBeiino H-e pacKpuTUMii. • B 1949 ro.ay T. /Kapoxoii C03flaer HOByio nosr.iy—«Jlec n nycTbrne 3a- 0ui)'Me.i» (ncnciioa n. IUyOaiia 11 3- CMeaswona), Birecmyio cBewyio crpyio 11 cro TBop'icci-r-o 11 b iukShom, a xynowecTEeaHOM OTHomcKHH. Ochobunm jcutmotiibom nosmu caywriT 03ejreneaHe sacyuwaBUX paiioriOB crpairu, no- Kopemrc CTnxnaaux ckji npapoAw bo hmjtflaara aapoaa. (losMa ctpohtch 11a npoTilBonocTarvienan aameiiCKOil whshii CTaporo i<a3axcKoro avaa ira cyxnx 3eM.T»x ncjiynycTtma c ceroaHSHiwea KQaxo3iioa jieftCTBHTejibHOCTMO. Peana- uotcckh napiicoBaHU hostom Kapranu sacyiUJiHBoii, annex neoflpaflOTamrort leii.m i«a<e.ibix nec'iaHHX tj’h, Hasacaiomax ana xhjkihiob Geaniina, snoif- iruxEi’rxnea b crcna tbkhx we, rear; oaa. cepbix, cyxax, H3M0waeiiHbixnioaeff. 3io livepaiiiin:'': iem> SejanKOB. Hapnay c oaKcarraeH flecnpocBCTnon jnrnHu napoaa a nooUMOM noar namer a o ero Mearax. CTpeMieatmx, Hapoa npea- CTan-’ en t, nostie crapimOM CapwaaoM a ero aoiepbio Mailpon. Xotii ohii bh- acan MHoro TpyaHocreS b jkH3Hh. ho. rex He mchcc. bjoxhob.icmu Mcaia- >m0 cbct-tom’ OyayiaeM, o^Tex^a^^^oraa^iacymaH^a CTenb g \\si cfluBaerca Beh°XOT>i'TfT^a^coB HeH30<5pa*caeT^ \" ^ P ^ ctb®™® ^ Hearoro nvT^^a^epoS^Mb^'BaSrM^pr^^^inHxca^f H^ofl^HSHH*py- apnii-vcH riawxOB >4epe3 npeoflpa30BaHiiyio. oflaOBjicarryio exenb norr aoKa- , KaK TaaBUtaeca b rayflaae aapoaabix xacc, 6n.ih pasBasariu
hobuh, couHaJiHc'TH'iecKHM crpoeni H oCpauieiifai Ha neKoraa MopiBufl Capu-Aflup CTa.i liBCtymiiM xpaeM, Ha 3ac)iujiHBoB b npoiuJioM aetuie royMHT Jieca. Tenepb Kpafi 6oraT h x.iefioM, h ckotom. 3to—ceroAHmumifi neteant, 3To —ceromuuuHSia aeBcTBHteabHocTb. Me- pe3 6opb6y cbohx repoeu noar pacuptmaeT cseTjioe Gyaymee. CrapiiK CapmaH Mc'iTa.1 Koraa-TOoGboahhtl cbou MaaeHhKHii yaacron. Tenepb nepea rnaaaMHaiipHMecKoro repon BenHiecTBeHHaa Kaprawa: MoryiHfl ay6 ctoiit nepcjo uiiofi, Bohpyr Moryqero BeJiHKaHa uiyuHT aecenuB mohohoB aec— k bo bccm btom neMaaaa aojih tpyaa CapiaaHa a era aoiepii. Ho Mena crapiiKa CapMaHa He orpaiwiimaeTcn Capu-AaupoM, ohay- Maer o tom. mtoGu npeBpaTHTb bcio cboio pommy b UBeTynuiiS cam Mma- Teab BepHT, mtoeraCBerjias, GaaropoaHan MeMTa iicnonmiTcs, no Bcenapoa- HaaSopbGa 3a 03e.ieHeHiie h opouieiniecreneS TiwibKOuaianacb. FloaMayr- BepataaeTrnyGoxyio Bepy BaaabHeSume ycnexH cobctckhx moaefi. Mepe3 MajieHbKHfi 9iiH3oa host noKa3NBaeT hctokh HcroptmecKOfl apy*- 6u pyccKHXh na3axos. Caaop CeMeHOBHi—nejiOBeK hcthhhopyccKiiB, c uih- bokob. oiKpHTofi ayuiofi. Oh ikwoii 6ojibuioli Bepu b Cyaymee, Tpyaojno6iro. HepBbiBny6, nocaweHHbiBhm, anaaerca K3KObi naaajiOM Gyaymero Oonbiuo- ro jieca. B kohuo mu bhahm, mtocpeanJieca B03BbimaeTcn HcnaiHHCKiiftavo. iiocajKeHHUil CaaopoM CeMeHOBH'ieu: IIo3Ma «JIec a nycTbme aaiuyMejis CBMaereJibCTByeT o tom, ito coupe- ueHHocTb— ayuia no33mi T. JKapoKosa. Oh oaHHM H3 nepBux b cobctckoS .'iirrepaTvoe HanHcaa mmiv o n')eofipa30BaHHH npHpoati, noanaa coBepineH- no HOByio TeMy b Ka3axcxoS no93HH. H3UK no3MU T. XapoKOBa KpacoaeH m co'ien. IIost cpasHHaaeT paau Mojioaux aepeBbes co CTpoeu aeByuieK, a aeaymeK, yxa*HBaiownx 3a ne- com, —c xopoBoaoM TaHUOBUum. Bbicrynaioiujix Ha cueHe. B nocjiwiyiouiiie ro.iti T. >KapoK03.!ianiicaa noauy sCranb,powaeH- Haa b ctciih» (1954, nepeBoa B. JlyroBCKoro h A. I'ojkmOu), HMeiomyKi aBa Bap;,aura, 1110CBiiaereabCTByeT 06 yeopHOM rpyao.iio6nn noaTa, no3Bpa- maiomeroca k cboitm ywe H3aaKHUM npoH3BeaemisiMruin hx aopaGoTKH. B nocJieflHeMBapHaiiTehobmu aBTop coxpaTOT HCKOTopue cthxh, a mho- rae iiamtcaji 3aH0B0, yrayGiiji pa;i o6pa30B, ocoGeiiHO o6pa3 napropra Ila- paMOHora. KOTimuii 11 ncpBOM rannaiirr 6ua wBojibHO cxeMaTimeH, .uo6nn H3peKaTb nponHCHue hcthiiu, noyaaTb, 6un nona3aH TOJibKo Ha np0H3B0.ncT- Be, coBepineiiHOjihuichhum jih'hioB jkh3hh. B nocjieaneM Bapiiairre flapaMO- hob cTan 6aice jkhbum h npaafliiBbiM xapaKTCpOM. il03Ma iiacbiuiena OonbiuiiM conepwamieM. OHa noBecrByeT 0 *H3HH cTa.ieBapoB, mbh o6pa3u innanna npnBjieBann Biim.iaime no3Ta, a TeMa co- -iHAaTeabiioro Tpyna paflomix 6uaa nani'iim rum cro TBopwcTBa. Era nep- Bue cCopiiHKii «CBer 3iK!3a», «necim Morapa*. nocBiimeHHue srofl tcmc, BouiaHb tucjio ii3BecTiiux Ka3axcK0My iirfaTeaio khht. B 1948 rofly noar naimcan no3My «CTaaeBap», b KOTopofi noKa3aji WB3- HemiuS nyTb H3Becnioro b pecnyfuHKe paGoMcro T. AapnGaeBa. Ho b stoS
niraMeT. JKapoKOB ne noaiisnos no ypou B nosMe «Cranb, pojKnemi.iii paccKaaunacT o hux niineiiiinx BpeMeHH, npoiicxoasmiii' iux npocropax crana: o nocTpoiiKe cranennaBHni.iion nwiiniTa TeMiipGcKa, MemaBiuero cTat oG yiicGe Kan »a paGoxy n xpynoBbix ycncxox, o ero aioGb iiYc~pycc3 kOTopoft on BCTperii.icn ewe ...a CTpoiwe a c Koiopofl r ■ S C ™ p,\" >T\" yHl,uilUniomHoui.»uiuepfuiccnKBxrieiiai.e.Kie/nIGtoouncnax.caca“pLfrsmi^oT™pipcKiisioeKm,\"11xip-lioe-aAKc-xB-iTyi-Cea-cT-por-fo-aayiaf:.im..Cc.Tilx.Ji.ape.po“.onf.ieoK.\".i.Oaw_OBMnna.a.x.iioo.BoxpJbmioiiHnciixbfiy1i1nCnKaMaoebnr,iucpcnelaeppaxBocuxHanixoiHBlonlypMoponrKBoee,,p. emrBKooopppcuoohi---i . nacrGiitiia. 3xor cxapHK, iiecMOTpn Ha’caoTnpeKaoHHMn E03pacT, nnaiKAbi c aniaiBaexca c nepcaomwoM JKonaiviaHOM, KOTopuA an- on,.M.iTbcn or cboiix jiowhux yGewneiwIl. B kohuc kokuoii cxapHK anGoncuacT Manspneii h yMiipaer. TeM caiuuM noax nan Gbi ciiaoft hhcuihiin oGcxoHTonbcTB cmiMaex koii$ahkt, KOTopuii c.xenoBano 6 u peiuaxi. njxcH GopbGu Mcwny reposmh. Thkhm oGpario.M, npencxasHB cxapoc o6pa3oM XH-ioro exapna. noax o&nepuui inoGpaweHHe nporiiBopenin jkiohh h cnc- na.1 KomJviMKr mciicc nanpsiKeiiiihiM. HniiGonec nhinyioio cosnaimhiMii xapaierepaMH nosMbi woswo iiaaoaxb TcuHoGuia. /IHay. JKanatiaiia, napaMonoua, rionoBa. 3™ repon 3aiisxu oGduim apaom * iioerpoiiKoii aanona m noayseHHeM nepBoii crann. r.inriibin repoii noaMbi TeMiipGeK npoxonHX noariifi xpynoBali nyxb. B03. 1Hiixiliee cine nexcxBe nneueHire i< Ky3iie'iii0My ne.iy nocxeimo npmiojuxero 11k .inDony, rne bcc nenaexcs a ochobc bmco’koH MexamiaamiH. Bo BpeMS 011nepeupbiTHH poKii Hypi.1, 3axeM ripn iiocxpoflKe Hommi.i nposiwisex cboh ’ HaiiiiB, choio niJTamiocTb h ynopcxBO. Hocae AByxneTjicIi y>ie6bi d ropoae 3011 npiieaxmer na |>onHoii anon cranCBapou. TeMiipGeK rnyGouo npe- 11aaHcnocMy ne.iy. HecMOxps a MiioroMHcjicmiuc xpywiocxji. xoxopbie npnui- ■iocb cMy ncpciiccxii. TeMiipGeK aoGh.ics iicno.XHeiiiia caoeii mcith — cxa.n 1KBaampiiuiiponaiiHUM paGo'iii'i. Hcah aiia'iaae paGoxa y MapTenoBCKoii new npencTan.xn.xacb cmv Hpe3Bhi‘iaMiio TpyniioS. to nocae y>ie6u oh BiioaHe ob- .xanenacT MaeTcpcTBOM craaeBapa iiepcnaoT cboh onuT npyriiu. TeMiipGeK noKaaaH He xonbKo 11a paOoxe. ho 11 n aiihhou ikh3hh. FIos- HaKOMHBuiiiCb c pvccKofi aeByuiKofi .'liuofl, 011 a oG pyxy a cboh) cynbGy. B smtaore Mbi bhahm h* b xpyae. /Iiiaa—TaKsce onua K3rnaBiibix rcpomib Iiobmu. noKa3Nnas eenyxoBiioc paammie. host roBopHT o TOM. hto oHa iia-iana ynHTbcn 1103AH0, 110 ynopciao 11 Tpya noMoran eft aoGiixbCH CBOCii ueair, crarb aafiopaiiTOM, npiiimxb no- ciLXbiioe vnacTiie b naasKe CTaan. X oth Jlnaa cicyna Ha caona, 011a oGimi- Teabiia 1.‘xni3HepaaocTHa. yi<nnan Kpimi'iecKyio 3aMCTKy o ceGc. TeuHpGeKOM 11 cTeimoii ra3exe. JlH3a paccepanaact ■— :ro. Ho 3i ■locb noBonoM a.xb hx 3HaKOMCTBa 11 cGaiiwcHHa. oh Cpeaii ocxa.ibHbix repoeB no.MU BHac.xsexcn >Ko.ioMa^ il(KydapHi paOoTa.x Ky3neuoM, xopoiuo 3HaeT caoe aeao, ho HeaoBoa np.o.H..3.B. omaic_xDhooMhshtonooBKToOrMaya hGcbiwnoejipaeeuxiC,HmOton6o“cxpoHTb aaooa. MHoriie ..x.io.a.n.. b x^M ..rne h ToKXapGaH. eocnpoTiiBHAHcb yroMy; Ba.ib.ioBWi.K Xonauan peuniTcnbiio Boccran nporna hhx. paabnc.nn aHaneHiie bcahkoh cxpoflKi. ana >kh3hh Hapoaa.
Ten.TOjiapncoaaHbi b nosMe HiienoTopfcie flpyrae nepcoiiaJKH, iianpHMep nepcaoBoS TpyweHHK CTapHK CaMcoii, HeycraHHO nepeflaioauifi cboB onm ApyriiM paGoai'M MaCTep IlonoB. B iioaine MiioroapKHX, noBaropcKHXcrpocp. Kpaco>mo napHcoBaHU3hm- lmfi nciiaa>x, ceaa, AOM3, Mopo3iibifi fleiib. JicxHHit 311011 BCTenHHnoroKbo- flu, npopBaBUJKii AamGy. Xoth b hckotopux MecTax onHcawmcoGbithBb io- BeciHofi »iepe noBTopaior «IIotok», OAiiaxo b nosMe neMajio h csexiix xpa- COK, I! XyXlOHCeCTB£IIHUXIiaXOJIOK. T. /KapoKOBiiMeeronpeAeneiiiiuft onbrr b co3iiaHHH He6oHbinHXJBqume- CKHXCTBXOTBOpCHHfl, TCMOft AJIH KOTOpMXCAyJKHJiH 3HaiHTejlbHhie COGblTIifl b 3KH3HHiiauieii cTpaHU. Bo Mirorax craxoTBopeimax <«necHa o riapraiK) oh BocneBaeT uc.ihmhch Myapoc-rb opraHH38Topa Bcex Haimix noflea—Kom- MyHHCTH>iecKofl napTHHCoBeTcxoro CoK>3a u ee bokah B. H. /lemma. i’ynouoaniuyio paib KoMMyHHCTHMecKofl napTHH nosT bhaht b cboGoa- 1108 1KH3H1I 6paTCKHXiiapojoB, b noGeaax h AOCTHweHHax KaparaiiAHKCKHX, TeMHpraycKHx, a.TiaftCKHXpa6oHHX, b caMooiBepateiiHOMrpyae KOAXO3HHK0B, b micTyunix caaax, b 3peiomnx xjieGax. B cbohx CTiixax HOSTBhipasKaer GecnpeaeJibHyio npeaaHHOCTb paflOBO- ro coaeTCKoro HeaoneKa CBoeS napTHH, Ponniie: napTHH /lemma, sro tu Bo Miiorax cnixax T. /KapoKOB noAHHMaer rojioc B aaiiiiiTv Miipa 11 ApywGbi. Oh iioKa3unaeT ncjmue era Miipa, ponb cbo6oao.iioGhbi>ix Hapo- AOB a GopbGe 3a Map (sBejiHKHfi Kirrafts). noA*nraTC.iaM noiinbi host nanoMHiiaer ypoxa hctophh. Pa3o6aa«aa npoiicKH 3aoKeancKHx aTOMiumcos, oh npH3biBaer iiagOAiJ k 6AHTe,ibHocTH, g 6oeBo8 roTOBHocxn: rioaTHHecKoe BAOXHOBeime T. JKapoKOBa OTjiHqaercH bhcokhm TeMne- paMeHTOM 11 iHiipoxHH resiaTHiiecKHM AHana30HOM. Ero CTHxaw npHcymH RiiyGoKaa oAyxorBopeiiHocTb, B03BwmeHiiocTb, nonKTHiecKHfl naijioc. B hiix aiipHiia H ny&iiimiCTiixa BucTynaiOT b eAHHCTBe. Cthxh o npapoae, 0 nepe- *HBanHHX coBCTCKoro qeaoBeKa CBiiseTeabCTByioT o tom, hto xyaowecT- BeHHbie cpeACTBa nosia oGoramaiOTca hobhmh KpacxaMH. B craxoreope- HHH«OrOHb MOJIOAOCTHSOHCpaBHHBaeT MOAOAyiOJKH3HhCHCKyCCTBOMCTH- xoTBop'iecTBa, KOropoc, no MKeHHio nosia, miKorna He aojdkho CTapert: B 3thx CTpoKax no3T roBopHT o bcihoB mojioaocth iio33hh. B CTHxoTBopeHHax, iiocBmueHHhix Qpe.uenaM roAa, Aaiin-WHUonHCiiue KapniHH. rlepeA rjia3aMH HHTaT&ieft npoxoAHT ne83a>KH npoGyWAaiomeBca
ciiiio-riioKoftiiofi XapaK- \"■ —-•■■1. lyBCTBa cbohx cOBpeMPMmiKoti. nora.-iari, irx fuiaropoA- Hue' Aeaa Rax 3a.’ior aroro Gynywero. FavGoko nonnoman cron ojimijcjiij, host bo MHornx c.nyiaax oGpamaerca k peisoniomioiiiioii poMuiiraxe. Tan. b mmiax «CoAHue 3aroBOpiuio», «JIcc n nycTune aaiuyiien* nocnpoiiriBene- HHe jiBjieHHft noBceaHeBiiocTB co*ieraerca c noxa30M bcvihk-ix uwiefi rpwcv- mcro. Meprw peBOjiiouHOHHoft pomshthkh rauwe mojkho liafiaioflan, bo mho- rnx AHpHHeCKHx cTiixoTBopeHHBx h aaate b rnyfioito pcaatii-TiriccKoii noawe •riOTOK*. BbicOKHii naijioc, cipeMHTenbHocTb phtmob oGvcnoanmiaJincb we- aaancM cnim. b eaiinuft moths Goraroe a cboom MHorooGpa-jmi coaepaomie Couua/IIICTII'ICCKOM aeficTBiiTe.'ibiiocTH, noKaaaTi, hovac.p>khmmft Ger'iioBoro BprMCHii, ycTpoM.nenHbiH b Gyaymee, noTOK TEopxecKOft mucaii, nyBCTB h a m noBoro MejioBcita. B nocrpocmiH domeTa y T. JKapo'toisa nyecTByeTcn Btjcoxoe Macrepcr- bo. Ec.nr n oro pimmix npoiiaBeaeiisisix («n.nemmKn jib«a» h «Hapbm») GbiJia puxaocTb KOMno3immi, iisvIhuiiitb pacTimyTocTb, to b noaMe«noTox»stoto ' we hot. T. JsCapoKOB noxaBbiBaeT csoe MacTepcroo b komii03uhhh. Bee co- ouTiKi pa3BepTbmaiOTC!i Boxpyr raaBHbix repoeB. Pa3BH-rHe ooweTa Jioni'ie- ckii cooTBCTCTByeT pasBirrmo it/peii npOH3BeaeHHa h pa3B»3Ka HacTynaeT cbo- eapewemio 11 3iiKoiio»iepi!0. HeyaepJKHMoe flOiUKeiino lioBoro Bnepes, Heripe- ojMHMaH ciuin coucTCKoro oGmocrita bb-ihiotcs r.naawoii iiflcefi npoH3Beae- Himii onpcac-’iniOT coGoii era ;yA0>K0CTaeKKbie cpeacTBa; o6pa3bi, asms, pHTM. Bee aiiaMiiTe.nbiibie iiosmh T. >KaponoBa cioikcthw. B hckotopmx cayaa- ax host. Basil 3a oniony oTfl&ibHbrfi smraofl, C03flaeT pa3BepHyTyio xapTHiiy ofimepTBeiiiioi'Ohb.'ichhh. Hanpwiwep, b riporancneHmix «Coaime saroBOpnao*. «Jlec b nycTune 3aiiiyMC.i> xotji h OTcyrcTByeT xpOHoaorHiecxn n .... .... aancpHVTMff c 1 oenoBe KOUKpeTHbix 3i xaiiu Gaibuii'c HOTopHnecKHe oOoGmf no cpamiemiio c apyniMH npoH3Be«eHH ii T. >KapoxoBa cioikpt 3MU«norox» Go.iee n.iorHO nacbimeH coGktwimh CHTyanimx, c npncyiHM- mm BiiaiiM Kaficapa, JKaMaa. Mynai .KH3iib h 6opi>6a H3o6pa- mii nax<;ioM_v ns iihx nocTyiiKHMH it a - co3.aaHa T. yKap.oKoiibnr isaioTCfl b BnimecKOM naane. B t;ii-._..... - .... no3Ma «CTaab. poKacHHaabcreaM.. Ee repoH-TcMiipGex, .Ifea. nonos .... xoaarca is rvme co6hth». an.riflioTcn aKTHBHbiMii yaacrHHKaMii oOmecToeimow wH3r.ii, y hhx eAHiiaa uejib h BMecTe c tcm y Kaw.aoro H3 hhx eerb cboh flOJKOTIiaH TIIHIIK MsCTepCTCO 1IO3T0 MOWIIOBaMeTHTb HB p<..lbO(|lHOM110X11- 3e raaBHbix repoeB hosm. KaiScap, Xawaji. TeMHpGex H Jliiaa epaay 3aBoe- BUBaiOT CHMIIflTHH MHTaTMefi CBOIIMH HOCTyilKaMH II JieHCTBirBMH, CIlOHM.I ^,arB^pacKpulrni^MyTpemiero Mupa^ cXMooOerBaaKiTnyoa,uhmioBAibiMuiiHoaocCx6hbopoabBb3hM0ooeGMmcm,Tyeexn.wyoaprToapOcwe.HGKeeC.p'ibT0iB\"Bea'-ii,icex'!.t,a„hpixcTaopxnbaTor,eHinpice3u.KMnyibii3otnnipfolHoasHenraC3KXaHSOMe3felafrnxlHipcuTKonbi0xmfiicmioonsoGG3o'.3rcitHocheH3.hiBe.pnynH<n|Oa>-.- Eme Gynyqn mo.io/iwm no:
h xapaxrep pikJjmobkh. li xoisi b sthx noncKax He oce fiu.io b paBHofi Mepe yaa'mo, tobahiihh B. MasmoeCKoro o(5oramnii noaTH'iecKHft noiepx T. Xa- Camx Jim-P Ilpouwo K'M HciBcpTb BfcKa c Toro BpeMetui, xax npiiUie.1 b paiypy TanamviHBufi nosr T. >KapoKOB. 3a 9tot nepnoa oh MHoroc cneaaji. TBop«iccKii BWpoc, co3Mywa.'i. Ero noaTHiecKiie KCKaiina aa.au cboh fiaaro- npiiariiue pe-iyabTaTbr, ero aynuHe TBopeiwaCTanaaocToamieMHapoaa,boib- jiH b aKTHBHbiii (|>oha iiauiiORaAbHofi KyjibTypm Ka3axcKOro Hapoaa. Hme Topue HaiiayT cBoe xyaowecTBeHHoe BonaoiucHiie b o6pa3ax noaowme.u- Hbix repoeB iiaraero BpeMeHH.
[H OPMAHOB ricsT-jiiipiiK Fii.'in OpwaHOB BnepBbie Bbiciynim co cbokmii Iipairjtse/ue- iiibimh bo BTopoii iio.;ohjiiu* 20-x ronoB. Ociioanoii TeMoS rioixa Gu j\\h: iioiM'lii ajvi, ciciib. .......... . CBoii oCahk, po,anan scm.-is. /lojiroe cpcMa ck|im- B8BUiaH CBOII 6orilTCT!l!l, AVIUM II MBBHHH COBCTCKKX JUOaeB. IIOBble B3IIIIMO- omoiucmia mmkjiv iii'mii. BeanKas OTeuecTBC-HHas Bofina, repoimecKOn no5e- aa cobctckiix napOAOii, apyw6a iiapoaoB, iix TBop'iecian'i Tpya—nee aro iia- «lUayjih,tcp». AtOcaxoiemtan __ ranine o'lepnn h paccKa3bt o .nonsixtpy.aa u iicnyccTBa, nepeBoaiia noa- 3nio h npo3y pyccKiix kapcciikob. B hcto- pHH Ka3axcKoii cOBCTCKofi .nrrepaTypu, ocoOeimo b jKaiipc aiipii'iecKoii noaami. npoii3Beflciuia P. OpMatiosa aammaioT Biianoe h noicTHoc MecTo. BoraTCTBO aau- Ka HBaneTca oahkm K3 Ooabumx aocto- iiiictb aToro eaMo6brmoro TaaaiiTa. T. OpMaHOB poflHJiCH b 1907 m a y B KanaabcicoM pafioiie Taaabi-KypraHCKoH oCaacTH. 3aecb we iipoiuan ero aercKiie ro.au. rioc-ae cxiepTH orua .acBani.aeTHinl MaataHK noKHflaeT ,ao.M MaTepii h bociihth* __ JlioOoBb k noa3Hii npodBHJiacb y Ke ro ewe b iieTcKire roabi. HecMorpn 1na Cfimo THweivio «H3Hb. ok say'iKBaeT Haii3ycTb Hapo.iitbie anocu «My>i- •uiK-aapabiK*. ilXIaKHp-UlaKiipat*, «A.nnnMbic» aiitbicu BapwaHa » Oi()u KeMnnpOaa h UJowc, BaimSan MaJib'iiiKii Ma/we. 3th anocu H a rbicbt ohHcnoaHHji nofl aKKOMnaHeweHT AOM6pu, h napoA \" P ° f ajl a j s « a ^ . • s s f f a r s j a w s s s « ; « » . * no,, Anua-Me.upoflHHoraoiMnipiaoncBccmieJHHitHrtbulaiop1o•a_e3„Mn-,\\Te B arailmrorfolauuon Ae*a-a-o--r-n--e-p_Bkue_ ....ii b noaniiecKOM TBop'iecrtBeii;H3iuHeaTK°n“ep\"™Bu*e cci
iiofi rasere. B sth roau hm 6u.ra tiamicamj CTHXOTBopeHHH«flBe rpynnbo. «Paccwa3 iiciienoK» hnp- B 1928 roay b rasere «Tiaoii» 6uaH HanemaHu era cthxh «He nponaaer K03a» H«3HMOBKa». Iiocae atoro T. OpMaHOBCtaa miipoKO HSBCcreHK3Knosx. KopeHHue h3Mchchhh, npoHexoaHBUiae b xe ro an BK33axcK0Mayac, BaoXHOBaaan noara.HacosaaHHe hobhx npoa3Beaenm. Bee BiiacHHoe unepewHioe OTpawaaocbTencpb b ero CTiixax. Tax Haiaaaeb aiiTepaTypHaa acareatHOCTb F. OpMaiioBa. CTHxoTBopeHaa nepBHX aer bouuih a cSopiuiK «06pya», BHmeanraSb 1934 roay. B 3tom we roay BUinaa oTaeabuuM H3aaH«eM noawa «lllayjib- aep», a b 1935 roay—cSopmiH paccK330B h oiepKOB Hno«ia lOcawacn- Haa KpenocTb>, B1936roay — cOopaHKcthxob «AyMbi iieBecTKHs, b 1941 a 1945 roaax—cCopHHKHcthxob b iiossi sMyjxecTBeHHhiii Hapoa» H«Ay6».B cfiopimae «M36paniiue npon3Beaei]«a», BumeauieM b 1950 roay, onyo.iHKo- uaiibi cthxh, iianKcaHHbie hm b nepaoa Meway 1945— 1950roaaMH, aTara; aeKOTopwe anpaaecKHe CTHXOTBopenHa paHmiX aeT. FlapiHa a FlpaBHTeabCTBO bucoko oaennan Tpya rum OpwanoBa3 pa3B«TH,i Ka3axcKofi cOBercKoii JimepaTypu, HarpaaHB ero b 1945 roay op- aenoM «KpacHaa 3Be3aa». noeae OKOiwaiiHa HHCTHiyra T. OpMaHOBb 1929— 1930 roaax pa6oTa- eT 3aBeayiouiHM HjwRckhm paiioiniMM oraeaoM napoaHoro o6pa30Baaaa. B are upeMHero cthxh noHBaaioTca Ha CTpaiinuax KpaeBUx ra3et h wypiia- aoB. Ohh nocBameHU b ochobhom KaaccoBoft 6opt6e, KonipHCKauHH3eMe.n> KpyHHbix 6aeB, pasAcay hx cpean fieaHHKOB, CTpeMaeHHio aioaeS k hoboB ity-ibType, t. e. TeMcofibixiiaM, KOTopue riponcxoanaii b poanoM ayac noa- CTHxoTBopeHaa T. OpMaiioBa curpuro H3BOCTHyio po.ib b pasracHeNRH l'pyaoBOMynapoay noam-HKHriapxHHh !IpasHTeabcTBa. Cthxh «3hmobk8», «£nxaii6af:», «KoaaeKTHBHaa noMoiub», co3aaH- Hue b 1927— 1928 roaax. noKaabraatOT npeo6pa30BaHHyio 3eMaio, pa3- aea 36MJ1HMeway OeaiiaKaMB, hx coBMecriibiit Tpya. Cthxh r. OpMaHoBa iianHCaHw to b Biiae CKa3aHHB, to b BHae caalfo paipMoeaKUhix peiHTaTHBOB. Ho cBoeMy xyaowecTBeHHOMV yposHio ohh lie- paBHouemibi: neKOTOpuecaaOu Kanno c[iopMe, Tan h no coaepwaHHio, bhhs aocToiiHbi nepa ficuibiuoro Macrepa. F. OpManoB coaaaa HecxoabKo CTiixorBopeHHfi o nairanmecKiix H3Me- HeHHSx, npoiicxoaHBiUHx b K33axcK0Mayae. B hhx paccKa3ano o B33hmoot- houickiihx h nciixo.Tormi OeaHHKOB h Kpynnux 6aeB nepea KoiirpHCKaiuieB CaBcKoro HMyluccTBa, 06 H3oaaudH ociaTKOB BKcnayaTaTopcKoro wiacca. HanpiiMcp, b cTiixoTBopeHHH «Paccna3 neBecTOK* host bucmchx 6aeB, ko- Topue cTapaaacb noKa3aTb, mto ohh OeaHu. EcaH paHbiue 6a8 He aaBa.1 OeaimKV aamc raoTKa Boabi, to Tenepi, oh yroaaHBo ctbbht cmv caMOBap. AyabHhie wewmiiibi no-cBoewv oneiiHBaior sth coOuthb: B CTHXOTBopeiiHii «BeaHhiH cocea Hxo3«hh» 6ait, aoraauBaacb o npn6- aioKcHHH Konr|iHCKaiiHH ckoth h HMvmccTBa, rpocHT CBoero nacryxa 3ana- can, iiacrb obcu Ha csoe hmh. Otbct nacTyxa nposBynaa npHroBopoM an*
r. OpMaHOB b cbohx npon3BeneHHflx cyMeji.pa3HOO(5pa3HUMK xy» KecTBeiiHUMH npHCMaMH pacKpun. KopeHHue n3MCiieHH(i b kbsbxckom ay- jie Toro BpcMCHM 11 tcm csmum aobccth flo C03naima mapoKHX Macc no.i»- THKy KoMMyHHCTHMecKOH napTHH. B KaaaxcraHe 6hji nocrpoeHTypKc«6—rnraHT nepBOii nsmtjieTKH. Orpo- HTeatcTBO wejie3H0ii floponi KM&no BawHefiiuee sHaaeHHCaim Ka3axcTaira. MHorwe kQ33Xckhc iiobtij oriuiHKiiyaHCb 11a sto iicropimecKH BawHoe cq6h- ths h noCBBTiian eMy cboh cthxh. HanpwMep, C. MyKanoBC03,iaa ctbxotbo- pemie «BopoiioS KOiib», A. ToKMaraMderoa- -«Korja TypKCaO coe.WHK.ics>, A. TajKnOacB—«AHHa6yjian*, T. XapoxoB— «TypKC«5». Bee sra cnixs liioCpajKoiOT Bcvpeiy b ay.ie nepBoro noeaaa, Ttoropufl npumeji cioaa 6.1a- loaapa repoHiecKOMy Tpyay CTpoiiTeaeii aopora. Ha ary we raty namica.i Hefio-ibUiyio nojMy «06py>j» h T. OpMaHOB. B hch oh roBopar o tom, sax necua Tjiyaa 3a3BCHeaa Tcnepb iiaa nycTMHHoft crenbio. JIpno napHCOBas xpacoTy CTenH, no3T' naxoaHT o6pa3iiue caooa jyia noraa repoH'iecKoro Tpyaa paCoiHx—crpoH-re/ieii aoporn: WHBOiBopaiuero rpyaa ^ ^KV“ aa« \" « KK\"T»«X3eaoBeK'. TypKcirtS BocneBaerca noaroM xax chmbo.1 caacVba: oh Hecer c cofiofi 3 ayjiu Hosyio Kyatrypy, noMoraeT Hcnaib30BaTb Bee CoratcTBa 3cm.th, crp> nraMa «06pyi» HanucaHa b (popwe cxaaaHHa, cBofiCTBeHHOfl ycTHofi no- 33HB. Ho b to we BpexiHOHa—CBiiaerejibCTBOpocra caMOfiUTHoro noaTmc- CKoro MacrepcTBa aBiopa. e06pya> caeaaa iimb f. Opmbhobb H3BecTHMMumpoKoft ofiiuecTBeimo:-
Bomhothx npoH3BeAemrax host ctdomi tnrae pojmoro Hapoaa. Tax, a C T H x w i, “ . Z ^ s m s i ‘= „ \" g ■ . c - »£K * i™s Lpamcr.jw!la!!a®K,6jA-fb5Tv™pcae-OBTcciathjioxrootbbopcnhpohusuxio«MKnuHriaai»n, m«Pran\" MWcahuihm paaoctb noBoro tic.ioBC-i;a- 00 xjvibrypy. leaser iobct lunpoKHe Mao XyAOHCCCTBCHHO. MUCJIb II •iyacTBa jiHpmiecKc He aeKJiapatHBiio. IfHM H3bIKOM. OrpCMACHHC ciaib KyabTypHbi.M i nepeflaiibi nosne ■raniieMTpyaim.cn Ha C.ia- ro napoaa. 3th CTHXOTBopeiniH r. OpMaiiOBa hchm h rayCoKH no mu jisiotcs kok 6b! npoaoajKeHHeM CTfixoB «nepBHil war* n «B nj ohx mm nnaiiM nif,,'uviuaxe,-rbi{Oro MaAbmiKa, .!i03BpautatoMeroci b poanofi a . nos O BHeiUHHS H BHyTpeHHHS oOAHK. PailbUJC ^ H pBnilijii noaymyOoK, h po6ocTb noanepicHBaiOT Oeccn.ine h 6ecnoMom- Tencpb y « c lie to: tc, kto «B>iepa 6sj.ih po6khmh h Coh3.thbumh», ce- TOflHa 0C03iia.ni—«npmn.aa Hama nopa*. Tenepb bto HOBbie aioah, OB.ia.aeB- IUHe 3HamiHMH, BMecTe c psaHbiM noaymy6xoM CTpnxHyBurae co cbohx naen Bee mpoe: iiyiKay, vhhhcchhh. poGocTb. B npoimocACHHHX nepBbtx act boot tobopht rjiaBHUM o6pa30M ot HMe- hh deaiiHKOB, oxotiio HcnoAbaytt (popMy AKaaoroB b. cthxbx, Koropae, nan npami.10, y Hero ciowcthu. 3 tot npnc« kopotkoto CTiixoTBOpaoro fliia.iora 6wi b to Bpeiwciia noBa-ropcKHM B sttanpe AHpHaecKofi bob3HH. ►lymime cthxH T. OpManoBa, HamicaHHhie b KOHue 20-x h b nepBoit no- aoBHHe 30-x roAOB, rioTtaabmaiOT. >ito ohh bmwah H3-noA nepa 3pcjioro noBTa. Ohii BocneaaioT Tpyfl KpecTbHH-6e;tHsiK0B, CTpeMHiUHxca nocrpoiiTb HOBbiii aya. (IpaBjuiBbiM nor<a30Mtoto nepeBopoia, KOTophifl coBepuiaiOT KyjibTypa i! TexHHKa b ay.ie, noar ymepHtAaet HesbiO.ieMOCTbcouHa.iiicTmecKorocrpoa, pemaiomne nodeaw conercKOft BAacTH. B cTHXOTBopemiH «Hain aya» oh pac- CKa3biBacT o CTapoM ayae, KOTOporo He Hafiaeuib hii na 001108 KcpTe: )KHJi b CeflHocTH KaiaxcKiui mo& PaHbUie, « kohvh 'I3CT0 no oeparaM, khah Koe-KaK>. a Tenepb Bee Biia- «e Ava nepecrafl KOieBatb, cae.ia.ica ocea.nJM, koaxoshmm ayAOM, a» ah saHHMairm-n icMAeaeAHeM H whbothoboactbom: «ecAH BHCTymiA paooqHR nit “naw^ c S w pacreT*. Dost oocneBaeT aecTHbifi xpyo, KoroptJM npoc.iaB.ien Ham napoA- HOST tobbo,pUhTtOfoiabluObpoOGCxHoTahmocth noBepiiyrb B CTHXOTBopeHHH «Petsa» CBOHMH MblCyJlIfHpMoTHHAH Oypi’iyto petty, o neM paHbmc mojkho 6uao ai 28—241
)H>K>$>opwy. Crimr run ocoOciiiioctu in 3ni crpOKH noxaiueamt « innviim, «llan.nonof Ulan- Cnuoioopcnun l\\ Opium. liu iin iruy KoixoiHoro ipy.w oaa». «Ha TO»y». <llpo.urau > uiukc jiuchi annaonanor hmnpaanenhi npciic pjonm io pnaa nrpfrn6uui»ou o»m it. or iicynanui.n a ay s. t i;| ;u\\ rpaaiicuiii':, a hc:1 cUJeeMHTKb! I I MIJ ll.lllplllKp. c CTHIOT- Ten-rpfc otoOcono nj*« ipk.iiiu, noponu. Kapk.ia. an- Rce B03bH;iTC UJI.1i B mot nrpHca ui.nrno r 'iMXMiocrca oowncckO'3 <UIMI>K) TCMy, H30Ap.Hk. Ml npiiuiiiiiniio aupamart coon \"« CTHXOiaopi'i.in 1 6pmai h luaiiav nn.u p., .... . Tp.i'm»T .ip>m« noire- wcuu ipopM Ho. nr uan.ia oonpocry pytfi-it> cnuoiiu.|»i •ia jnii.iniin iiocbt xipanttp mwycTpHH r Opuanon. « * i|i:iKi:um ii nr Hiapamriinut TBcpwcrac noaoCnHc npocw i (inn ii'pnrr cnoii naKM, lie I 3«P»H(XTMbfl lipiKMn .. i'T i'1'.nii niaia'ii n animccKOM ► rwKpenibiKH xyjorni-1;,11.1 , Iii'.iyiii.iiioi. y.ia'iiioii.’ B iicrt aonnttet ue/H P.o.-.oCih.i , ■ novTOTiiyit TciLiora. novum- KawHaa c 30-x io.n i. I 'IvVKIIC IIpOH3BC,VCIIII» n03T3- aianpr O Tamr.iofi a tipm.i i ,vHanacaHa nowa <lUa).n.up. cien,ifH'»fkH H3o6p3*cna aoc MacrepcTBO, Koropuu o
n°3Ma hckvcctbchho pa36irra Ha OTACAbHbie rnanim i «n r * a m u - Dot oh ,0B°P\"t ° mimhhh r a p « M KyabTypLt?JIbK° “ * Hah: Thk ckj’hho noKasbreaer noaT iiobnU aya, ito naxoaa KpacoHHiiix, motkiix o0pa3OB. B no.3MC tier hh o/uioro o0pa3a 'icjioucKa. Bee •no roHopiir o ihm. mto ncpnaa nonaitKa T. OpmaHOBa coaaaTb KpynHoe npo- H3Beaem:o oKc>ii'in.-raci> TBop'iccKOil neynanefi. Hepe3 roa on nniner nosmy «OcBofio>iciriiiinsi Kpcnocn>» o repoH'iccKOM noxoae neaiocKmmea. B ne'fl boot ct|K'Mhicn BocuoTb rcpoii3M ii MywecrBo coBeTCKiix jicthhkob, cnac- iumx agaokii.t. noTcpiici'imifi npyiuemie iia Kpai'iHCM CcBcpe. Xoth ii «Ooii*Aciiiioii iipenocTH* I\\ OpManori naGonaa Tex iieaocraTKOB. Koropiiic fn.i.111 is iiojmc «lUay.'ti>Acp», oahoko on n 3ACCb lie cy.vie.-i pacnpbiTb Tetiy ao Koimn. CosAOHiibie hm oOpasia My*ecTBeinibix 'icjnocniiHueB cxema- T. OpManon C03A3A Taioiie Co.nr,uiyro noaMy «My*ccTBeHHhift napoA». bKOTOpoii pncvKiir.uBaeT o MyiKeCTBeimofi GopbGe cohctckoto Hapoaa 3a cboio CBofiOAy 11110:1;;unciiMOCTb. Oahbko aBTop He cyMCA CAeAarb Blies rjiyGomix xyAOJKecTiiomiux oCioCmemift. TaKiiti o(\"ipa30M, onHTU T. OpwaiioBa b co3Aaimn noaM He yBeHiaancb ycnexoM. OGp:iincii!ie k kopotkhm AHpiiaecKiiM cthxbm OTKpbiao eMy hobuc Bo itTOpo-i iia'ioBiuic 30-x toaob T. OpMaiiOB niimcT o Tpyae, o noBOfi snoxe, o B. H. jlemme. B CTHxoTBopeHHH «Haiua 9noxa» oh npH3broaeT co- BercKiix JiiOAo/i TpyAHTbca Tan, >iToOhi hh oAHa MHiiyra *1131111 ne nponaaa- iia AapoM: b cTiixoTBopeiiHH «Tckcah» no3T oGpawaeTcsi k 3eMJie, KOTopaa Aoaroe Bpcr.in npaTa.ia b cbohx neapax noAe3Hbic KCKonaeMbie. Xotsi noar A8BHO aigGiit Tch-eAH, ho iwibKO Tenepb yaHaji, KaitHe GoraTCTBa TaaTca 11 ero ncApax. B stom ctiixotbopciihh oh roBOpiir o AOCTii*eimnx nayKH h rex- HHKH B liauie llpCMH. Kaic Bepubifi cbm Hapona, r. OpwanoB host o P oaiiiio ii hoboh wh3hh cobctckiix .iio-ieii. B cBOiix npoiisBeAciiHax oh BocneBaeT PoAiiny h reHH- a.TbHoro BO/KAS JleHHHa b iviyOoKOM eAHHCTBe. B CTiixoTBopemiH «B MaB3o- lee Jleiimia> Ebipa*aercH ropn’iaa aioGoBb k nejiHKOMy bowaio. Oh epas- BHcaeT JlcHima c cepAiteM BccAenHoS h apKHM jictiihm ciihiihcm, rosopHT, hto /Iohiih npHiiec tie-TOBeiecTBy HaCToamyto eecHy 11nosTOMy ohana napOAa cecTAee, >ieM co-iHue. npeACTamiTCAii pa3iibix napoaon Miipa npne3*aiOT co Bcex KOHUOB noK-ioHHTbcii /lejuiHy, 'Ihe GeccMepTHoe yacime oCBewaeT akj- ABMnyTb K HOBOfl, C'laCTAHBOH *1131111.
IlosT roeopHT o tom, mto JleHiiH BMeutaeT B ce6e Beet Miip: 06mb Becb Map b nepeeod) rioccmeHHe MBB30Aea Jlemnia BceiiaeT B Hero paAOCTb or co3naHHa caacTba ceroAiraumefl hothh h tbcpayio Bepy b npeKpacHoe GyAyutce. T. OpMaHOBtinnier 06 HHAycTpiiaAbiibix ueinpax («I opo« MeAH»,«yAb- 6a»),o CTOJiane pccnyfiaiiKH («AjiMa-Aia») a o pOflHHX Mecrax. Bupaxaa ropaoctb 3a Goraiyio Hauiy xmiuo, 3a npexpacHbifi oSahk crpaHU, host ro- BopHr o CBoeii rayfioKofi aioGbh k coBeiCKofi coitHaAHCTHiecKofi Poahhc. Eoabuikm HcnwraiiHeMAna nosraqecKoro TBopaecTBa P. OpManoBa hbh- .TOCbro.ibi Bc.ihkoII Oie'iccTisoHHoii boRiim. B to BpeMH, koto Halt PoahhoB naBRcaa CMeprcJibnaa onaciiocTb, host bcio cuay CBoero Tananra oraaer Hapoay, 0opb6cc BparOM. Ecah opywKeMnosra aBJiaeTca caobo,to T. OpMa- hobBonaowaeTb CBOefiahphkc naaMcmibie naTpiiOTHiecKHe qyBcrea aapotta, noKa3UBaa xax flopora coBercKOMy aejiOBexy ero PoABaa: MeaoBeK, cBH3aBiniifl cbokj cyabdy c cyabGofi Poahhm, CBoe ciacrbe c OopbBoR HapoAa, Bcerja totob oTAaTb 3a hhx jKH3Hb, noTOMy hto Poahh3 turn Hero— naib. 3ra hach nojiyuiaa pa3BHTiie b cthxotbopphhh T. Op«a- HOBa «K.iHTBa Poahhc*. Bohh, aoOpOBaibHO yiueAitiHft Ha ippoHT, oGpauta- Bomi hast Ha Bpara, btoGu yiiHHTOJKHTbero, UKe<n>orueM. H sro nxaMfl cepAua ciuibHce, momoroHb nymeK Bpara, Tax xaK bojih k noGeje poamiacb VCOBBTCKHX BOHHOB H3 H.'laMCHHOl'l JIK>C>BHK POAHHe. B craxoTBopeiiHH«npocb6a» ajkhtht, yxoasmuift Ha 4>poht, npocarcbom jiiofiHMyio tie ’ aGhioaTbo HeM. «Mower 6tjTb, He BepHyCb, oeraHycb TaM*,— —roBopHT oh. 3Aecb Mb!cab o CMepTH bhojihc onpaBAaHa, Tax xan neAOBex yxoairr iia BoSiiy, rAeCTOAKHyniicbb eAHHoSopCTBe>KH3Hba cMepn>. OaiiaKo tuxHrHT lie waaeeT o CBoeRxch3hh, h6o OTflaeT ee 3a qeerb Poahhu. JIhph- MecKiifi repofl T. OpManoBa— MyjKecriieiiHbiii naTpHOT. T. OpMaHOB BMecxe c arHTSpHraAoS Ka3axCTaHCKHX HHcaTeaei! Haprac- tob Gbbi iia (fipoHTe. Ilocae aroii noe3AKH host nnuieT cthxh 0 (JipOHTOBOfi JKH3HHh Mevrax (ppoiiTOBHKOB, AyMax co.waTa, 0 hx aioGhmux, MaTepax. /Keiibi bohhob noMoraioT MyacbfiM cBoefi pa6oroB b Tbuiy. flow roBopm 0 aioGbh 4>pohtobhkob k AOMy, k AeraM Hxeiie. PepoH np0H3BeAeHHH T. Op- MaHOBact3bht * 11311bhciacTbe napoAa, crpaiibi Bbtuie CBoeS wh3hh, CBoero ciacTbs. B CTiixoTBopeHHH «Me'ixa repoa* bohh AyMaeT nepeA cMeprbio o tom, aoctoBho ah oh BbHKUiHHji AOAr nepeA PoAHHofi. TaxiiM o6pa30M, b n033HHr. OpMBHOBa BOeilHblXACT npaBAHBOOTOGpaWaiOTCfl nyBCTBaHMbic- ah codctckhx AioAefi, hx ropaaaH AioGoBb k Or>in3Be. HenaBHCTb k npary. B CTHXOTBopeHHH «PaccKS3 MaxepH* now pa3o6AanaeT 3axBaT>raK0B, •CaeABpara* Ha KOHapenioMc)iaitTe noKa3biBaer hxwecTOKOCTb, «llepeA mo- thaoB* H3o6pawaeT noAaBAemibix, noTepaeuiHX Bepy b ycnex $aojHCTCKHX COAAaT, CoBeTCKHn HapoA nOAPVKoboactbom KoMMyHHCTHMecKoft napTHHc aec- Tbio BtJAepwaA TajKCAoe HcnbrraHHe b toau BeAHxoB Ore'iecTBeHiiofi boS-
H 3T0 CTHxoTBopeHHe nocBdmeHo CoBCTCKoil CTpaHe, KOTopaa, HecMorpa BarawKiie pacu, nan noMOAOACBiiuiii no Beene ny6, 6mctpo BOCCTaiioBiuia cboioXyCfHloJwiyehciuKepiiaHcby.ie o6pa3U cocnu hny6a noMoraiOT nosTy apac nepenarb otithmb3MHcncTJiyio Bcpy b CyAywee conoTCKHXjiioacB. r. Opmshob yMeno HCnMb3yer Tarciic ciiMBOAwiecKiie ofipaiu b CBoaxjiHpHnecKHXJipon3BeAeHH- JlHpBMecKHCnpoMBefleimn T. OpMaHOBa, iianHcaimue b roan Boflubi. BMejOT aaKOH'ieHiiyio (|)opMy, oTAH'iaiOTca iJiy6iiHO0 mucah, o6pa3iiocTbio cpaBiieHirS. Mnoi'fla oaho cthxoiBOpeniie HBnaeica nan 6u npoAO-memieM Apyroro, vro noMoraer ao Konua pacapbitb H36paimyio TeMV. B no33HH T. OpMaHOBa, KaK Hapyrax Ka3axcK«x nostOB, ocofoe wecro 3aHHMaeT TCMa nofieAU coBercKoro HapoAa HaA BparOM. B craxoTBopemm «J[o.iro)KAaiimjB ACHb» oh paAOCTHO roBopnr: riocnc BOfiHU T. OpMaHOB HanncaA paA npoH3neneHH>t o tpvao («Ormi fluenpae, «Ha koaxo3HOMABope», «rio3Ma o BeTnaK-/Ia.ie», cMopo xae- I)ob»), Apy*6e iiapoAOB, 6opb6e 3a mbp {«CyAb6a Aonnapa>, «rimra o ApywCe* u AP-). Sth CTHxOTBOpeHHfl OT.nHqaH>Tca o6pa3HocTbio nosrHiec- Koro jubiisa, CBewecrbio Mhicnefi o liamefi peaAbiioS AciicTBHTeibHOCTH. Boi CTHXOTBopeiiHe «Mope xne6oB»: riepeAaBaa Kpacory comiaAiiCTiiaecKiix noaeS, nosr cyMeA iiaii™ ap- K»e cpaBiienm h Meta^opu, btoCu noKa3atb nnoAU Tpyna cobctckhx ak>- noKa3bmaa 6opb6y cobotckhx niOAefi 3a MHp bo boom MHpe, no»T b to * e BpeMa pa3o6AaaaeT crpeM.ieHiie HMirepHanHCTOB pa3BH3aTb nonyio boS- «y- B JiiipmiecKHXnpoiuBeACHHax stiix act no3T pa3BHBaeT Be toabko co- UHaAbHo-noAHTHiecKHe MOTsnsbi, oh roBopMT o npHpoAe, o aioObh. PHcya KapTHnu npHpoflbi, noBT CBa3biBaeT hx c HacTpocHHeM repoes, c »H3Hbio cobctckoCCTpaHbt. Tax, b cTHXOTBopcHHH«AAa-Tay», «Moa MaTbj. oavuiea- AeiiHMe noaTOMropu roBopar noiiHy, ye3B<aiomeMy na (|ipoHT: «Bo3Bpainafi- caTax, iito6u lie 6hao ctuaho*, «KaK crapaa MaTb, Maxaa pvKofl, ocraaca AAa-Tay, rAaaa MHe bocaca*.
kh, nan noBTOpeiiae oahhx a Tex we Meia^op, cpaBHeaaiS, o6pa30B. Tan, yaaaaoe cpaBaeime >13 craxoTBopeHiia «Poahhk» oh npHMeaser a b apyrax CBOHXnpOM3BeilGBHflX. B CTHxoTBopeiiHax Ha (|>poiiTOByio TCMy, iianiicaHHtjx B neaoM cbjilho, noar aaCTo noBTopaeT, mo nymitu «rpeMHT». B craxoTBOpeHaa ftMcaia rc- po«» hmckjtch Heyaaqaue <)>pa3bi: «Kauw»noiioie nyiuxa rpoxoayr», «pnnttT rpyab caMoaeTa*. 3aecb mu ae bhahm coapyrnareJibHoa chjiu soeHuofl rex- hhkh, a, aaoGopor, cauiuuM xpan m Kaineab CHJiaiuero y oaara 6oJibHoro POflHaKOHe 3toonpeaeaaeT xyaowecTBeHHoe CBoeoGpaane npoH3BeaeiiHK T. OpManoBa, KOTopuBcbohm opHrHHaabHHMTBOpaecTBOMofiorarea naaar- py Ka3axcKoB 11033™. Cthxh ero npoiiamiyTH TenabiM 'lyuCTBOMa aanaca- HUflpKHM06pa3IIHMA3UK0M. TbopiecKoft oco6eiiaocTbio noma HBaneTca to, hto b ocHOBycboux npo- HSBeaeHiifi on KaaaeT aeGoxbUiofi (paitT x im iu a aeaael H3 aero GoJibunie oGoGiaeHaa. 3to mu xopouio bhahm, xoraa ok BOcncBaeT ay6, cocHy, poa- TeMy jiioGbh KOraH3ue nosr pacKpHBaer, raamiuM o6pa30M, aepe3aio- 6oBb HeBecTU, Maxepa, aepc3 Meaty repoa a ayMbi coaaaia. KoHcaao, Ha aioGyio H3 33nx tcm.nacaaH« apyrae noarbi, ho nomaaeCKsifi a3UKero npo- H3Beaennfi oTaaaaeTca xapaKTepjibtMn ocoOeiiboothmh. B neM HeT nopuBHc- tbix, SKpprit'inux phtmob a cbob, eMy CBoficTBeHHa rapMOHiiaecKaa acHocTb, b nomiaecKOMcaoBape ayBCTByerca BAKHHaeao33aa A6aa. He.ib3n ne orMe- tHTb, aro itapiiKa r. OpiiaHOBa 3aaynieBiia, nacumena rjiyGoKHMii ayBcrsa- mh; cthxh HCBeaHKHno CBoeMy oGueMy, uo KOiwpeTHU, rjiyGomi no coaep- •BTiiopaecKoB aenTeabHOCTH T. OpManoBa Baanoe Mecro 3aHHMaioT ne- pesoau. riom nepesea Ha Ka3axcKHfi h3hk paa npoasBeaenafl pyccaax xaac- chkob— nymitHiia, jiepMoiiTOBa, miiotocthxob a no3M TypKMeHCKoro wiac- caxa MaxTyMKVaa, a raioKe cthxh B. MaireoBCKoro a apyrax coBeTCKax no- »tob. HccMorpa ita aeKOTopue aeaocTaTKH b cBoeM nepeBOaaecKOMacityccr- bc, oh cvMea nepeaaTb ae -rojibKo cmhcji oparaHaJia, no a coxpaHHTb ero xyaowccTBeHHoe CBoeo6pa3ae. T. OpMaHoB ii3BecTen aaTaTeaaM ae ToabKO KaK no3T, nepcBoaaaK, no aKaKnpo3aaK. Ewe a 30-x roaax hm aanacaao hcckojibko paccKa30Ba oaep- KOB, B KOTOpbIX OTOGpaweiia *H311b K<MXO3H0r0 KpeCTbHHCTBa, C03HaaTCJIb- aufi naipoc TpyaoBoro Hapoaa. Abtop Tan*e kphthkobm b hhx neaocTaTKH Koaxo3Hoii ctpoSkh, Tex aaa hhhx pyKOBoairreaefi koaxosob a t. a- B pac- CKaaax«Bafi jie aa cbocmCTapoMmcctcs, «AM6ap» pa3o6jiaaaioTCH rp«3Hue Aeaa BparoB Hapoaa, oOMamrblMnyTeM 3a6paBuiHxca Ha pyitoBoaimuie noc- tu. nom npH3biBaer TpyaouoB napoa k coxpaHeaHio coUHaaiiCTHaecKoro HMywecTBa, k 6anrcabHocTa. PaccKa3 «OaH<aOeK» I\\ OpMaaosa Buuiea or- aeabHofl KHHWHOii b 1935 roay. B tom paccKa3HBaeTCH o tom, KaK ymtcn, a 3aTeMpaGoTaa oaopnoii MaJibaiiK OnaaGeic. OanaKo b stom paccKa3e HeT yCeariTMbiioro >KH3iieHHoroKOHipaaKTa, h ero Bpaaaa mowho caaTatb yaaa- aefl aBTopa. Xorn 3th npoH3BeaeHaa a nanacaHu na Maiepnaae Toraamaefi aeBcT- 8HTe.'lbHOCTH, BO TO XVaOXieCTBCHHOMy MacTepcTBy OHM CTOHT HHW6 apyrax npoH3BeaeHiifi r. OpManoBa. Hx OTaaaaer puxaaa komiio3Huhh, noaMeHa KOHKpeTrtoro H3o6pajKeHHa WH3HHoGiuh.mii paccy»aeiiHaMH, OTcyrcTBae oG- . pasHOCTH, cxcMaTaaecKoe H3o6paa<cHae aioaeft. Maorae oaepKH a paccK33bc T. OpManoBa, aanHcaHaue b roau Beaa- k°8 Ore'iecTBeHHOfl Boflau a b nocaeBoeimufi nepaoa («I<aM6ap H3 Kapa- iay», «be3biMHHHaa ropa», «AKcaicaa, noxowHfi Ha Aaa-Tay», «flyMU Mexa- Haxa>, <Cepaae», «Kpenacb») noKa3biBaKrr, mto oh HaKanaaBaer onut ana
pafiOTHB o&iacTH npo3u. B HeKOTopux H3 paccna30B jtoio iipeMciui nepexofliiT a t o6mnx mob k H3o6pa)Keiniio ncHxojiormi rcpoua, k cor xapaKTepoB. IIost Bee 6cuibuie coBepnieHciByeicii uan ripoaauK. lie BXKfiHHe Ha npo3y noyra oxasajja caejiamihie mm ncpeBo/ihi «Aiiiiij JI. ToacToro, oBenoft Cepcsus M. ByCciuiooa. Ofliiaxo c.aeayeT cxa3aTb, hto T. OpMaaou a npoic cmc lie jcti BHCOT, KaKHMHOBJiafl&l B II033HI1. ABTOp MHOrHXnpOH3UertCllHii, B K rayfioKO pacKpbinacTCSi Coranaii ayxoBiiufi vinp cobcickoio to.iooc pa3flyMbH, iicKaHHH, oyBCTBa BepHOCTH, :iio6bii h maiuioc naTpiiarii: OpMaHou oooraTHji K03axcny!o coBCTCayio jiHrepaTVpy xax r.iyOoKHfi kiiA impHK.
KACMM AMAHW0J10B TBopiecKaa 6norpa<]>HHnoaTa Kacmta AMaiiJKOaoaa iiaiimaeTcxaaati- san.cn b 30-x roaax. Era nosmiecKoe aapoiiaiine rayfiono npoHBWiocb He rauKO b noa.Max « houb aiipHKe. C ocofiofl CHaoii 3a3Byia.i roaoc noara b roabi Beam ecTBemiofl bohhu. H b pnaax CobctckoHApMHH, HanepeaoBofl amum(jipoHTa, Hnocaebohhu, Koraa HapoaoftpaTHacsk Miip- HOMyTpyay, K- AMaHwonoB co3aaBaa npon3BeaeHHH, noaHue ,onTHMH3Ma, OocBoroayxa h cseraoro anpmMa. EroanpiiiecKHe npoti3Bcaennn nocaniue- iiu Myapobiy pyKOBoaciBy Kommviih- CTH'iecKOii napTHH, ciacraHoofi, noa- iiofl TBopnecKoro naifoca * h3hb co- BCTCKoro Hapoaa, ero paaocrnMa to- pecMM, CTpeMaemiaM. iioar noxa3aa repoH'iccKne aeaa, narpHOTH3M, ay- xobhmR o&ihk HauiHx coBpeMeiiira- kob. Boahuioii BHyipciimifi Haxaa ero cthxob coqeracTCfl c rayfioKHMii pa3- AyMbHMH, noaTHMeCKOfi xpacOToS, cBoeo6pa3HO0 Maitepoft nHCbMa. K. AMaHJKoaoB aBjmercn aBro- poMHe ToatKo MHornx kopotkhx aa- PHBCCKHX npOH3BeaeHHil, HOHHecxoab- ayaaa*. oSoranmuiefi »e Toabxo ero TBOpqeCTBO, HOH BCK) Ka3aXCKylOco- BercKyio aHTeparypy. BuaaiomHfica coBeTCKH®nos? H. Thxohob na ae- Kaae Ka3axcKofl aHTepaiypuhacxyc- CTBa b MocKBe (1949) Hasiaa nos- My «A6ayaaa» weMiyatHHoa na3ax- cko&H033HH. Bhiconyio oueHKy noay- 'man npoH3BeaeHHH nosra Ha II Bce- C0103HOMciesae coBercioix mcaie-
rannHHCKoii ofinacni. PaHo ji h K. AMaii!K< JHnpHe3»caeT b Vpa.'ibcu K nocTynaer ymiTbcn b ncaaroiHiccKiiii nri- nosflHee npoaoawaer yqe6y b JlcimtirpaacKOM micTirryre accuoro rBa- OaHano hh oaHa H3 9thx cnemia.ibiiocTeii He yiuiexaer K. AMaii- roayopob-innpyH»ee3*8aerTo»b“ B 1932‘ yneGbi HaiimaeT iracan, cboh nepBbie cthxh. AjiMa-Aiy h craHOBiitcn coTpyaiiHKo.Mpeaax- «HH MOAOAejKHoii V (leprae cthxh noBTa neiaTaaHCb b 3anaaHO-Ka3axcTaHCKOil oflaacrHoS ra3eTe «EKninai KVPbiJibic* («yaapnasi cTpofixa*), a no3aitee ohh nomi- -aaiOTCti h b pecnyOaiiKaHCKofi nenaTH. PafioTa b peaaxuHH ra3em cnoco6- CTBOBajia TBOpqeCKOMy pocTy nosTa. Ero nepobifi cOopiiHK cthxob «Hcno- Beflb WHbllH* BblUlO.I B CBCT B 1938 rofly H npHBJICK BliHMaHIie HIHpOKOrO xpyra wiiTaTeaeii. B craTbSX na crpaHwiax ra3er a xiypna.TOO Chianotmcmc- hu iioyiimccKHP ciiocoOiiocTii K. AMaHxcanoBa, npipuaimuH b pnw Cobc!tckoA Apmhh bo spewi OTOHecTBemiofi boR- tiu K. AManjKo.TOfi cayiKiiT BHaiaae Ha AaabHCM BoCToxe, a c 1943 roaa viacTBycr b 6onx c (bairmcTCKiiMii 3axBaT>wi«MH. Bo r.peMH c.t\\)k5u Ha /iaabiiCM BocTOKe h b nyra Ha dipoirr oh co3aaeT 6H03My «A6aya.Tii», mixoTBOpemm «Ba8xaji», «VpajibCK», «Ch hp&> h apy- iHe. Host tie npeiipamaa CBocii TBopnecKOfi pafioru h Ha ippoHTe. rioc.ncokofi- tamm BoiiiibF K. AManxcoaoB b 1946 roay BbuiycxaeT na pyccxoM B3mks c6opHI!K CTHXOB «rp03a», 3 B COpOKOBbie roabl BblXOAHT Ha K33aXCKOM H3H- xeTpH ero cdopHHKa: «yparaH», b KOTOpwfi b ochobhom boiijjih cthxh, HaiiH- caiiHhie Ha tbpoirre, «ripeKpacHoe ahth* h «Cthxh» Ha pyccxoM H3une. 3a- reMon BbinyciiaeT cCopHHK «PaayimibiR Miip» (1950) H cHsfipaimue npo- ii3BeaeiiHH» (1952). Tpe6oBaTeabKi>iii k ceOe, host bk.ifohhjt b sth cfiopHHKH Tojibxo Te npOH3BeaeHHH, Koropue, i;a ero B3r,ian, Cuah aoctoRhh BHHMaHHH K. AMaiiwo.ioB yMep 17 HiioapH 1955 roaa 3pejibiM xyaoauiHKOMcJioBa. •Oh ocTaBHJi cbocmv poAHOMy iiapoay, poaHOfi AHTepaType aparoueHHoe Ha- eaeawe— sipKyFo ti BaoxnoBeHHyio noaarno. Koimmia no»ra (iBH.iacbSoabuioR noTepefl w in Ka3axcxofi COBerCKofl jiHTepaTypu. ra3CTa «Ka3an aae6HeTi» 113nucaaa: «Ka3axci«m coBercKan ameparypa rioTcpaaa oanoro cbohx ayq- iuhx nobTOB... MHTareabCKaa oOmecmcHHOCTb, npHHoca aaHb yoaweFiHii na mhth n(.-9Ta, c .TFoOoBbFo HHTaa ero npoH3BeaeKHH, noHHMaeT, qro b aime KacbiMa AMaiiwoaoBa naraa ameparypa HMe-ia Kpyimoro TanaHTaiinoro no- 1955 1957STa, KOTOpblH CBOHMTBOpieCTBOM BHeC Oojlbiuoii BKJiaa B pa3BHTIie Ka3ax- CKOii COBerCKofl aHTepaTypn*1. g _ roaax bhuihh tph TOMa «Uoaiioro coopaiiHHcomhhciihh* K. AnaiDKoaOBa. Cioaa bohi-th mhoihc npoH3BcaeHHa noyra, Koropue panee He nv6jiKKOBa.THCb b neiaTH. KaK nosT K. AMaHJKOiioB ao KoHua BbmojiHiiJi cboh rpaxtflaiiCKHH aoar Tiepea HapoaoM. Bee ero TBop'iecTBO CBHaeTeabCTBveT o tom, hto on Becb cboR TaaaiiT oTaaa oiyweiFiiro couiia.iHCTH'iecKOfl PoaHHe h KoMMyiiHCTHie- exofl napTHH. no93iia K. AMaHweaoBa HepaspwBHO conaaiia c ero *H3Hbio Ooflua h rpa*a3HHiia. B ofliioM ira cthxob, HanMcamibix b roan bohku, non TOBopHT o ce6e:
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