Очерк истории казахской советской литературы

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3I10XH. b Koropyio oh « hji h tbophji. rioana HaiiHcatra cthxom, 3ByqamnM C npeAejIbHOfi Bbipa3HTC.FlbHOCTbIO, CTHXOM, SMOU.HOHa.'lbiiO-HanpHWCHHblM, o6pH3HO BneHaTJlHKimHM. Hapaoy c pa3BHTH€Mnpo3bi h no33»H b 3th roAbi HaueqafcTCH hckoto- puc mbhth H B *aBpe ApaMaTypi-HH. Ecah roBopHTb06 HAeSHO-reMaTHHecxoSxapaxrepHCTHKexa3axcxofi Apa- MaTypran Tex aeT, tocxeAyeT npextae BceroCKasaTb, ito Tanwe, xax h Apy- nte BeayuiHe wanpu AHrepaTypbi, oHa qepnaaa cboh raaoHuerewu h3 wh3- hhcoBpeMeHHHKOB. HAencoBeTCKoro naTpnora3Ma HBAHjiHCb bHeft ueiiTpajib- iiumh-OrciOAa hact hocoCoe BHHMBHHeApaMaTyproB k TeMaMpeBoatouHOH- hoA6opb6u h oOopouu couwajmcTHiecKoro oTeqecTsa, a raxwe k uapoAHMM ABhwchhhm npouuioro. Ha I ci>e3Ae riHcare.ieii MaKCHM ropbKHfi iipn3biBan COBOTCKHX XyAOWKHKOB CAOBa OCBaHBaTb GoraTCTBa HapOAHOTOTBOpqeCTBa, 6epe*HO xpaiiHTb ero, name oOpamaTbcn k neMy. H3yienK0 Hapoaaoro TBop- Heerea coCTaBJin.io HeorpeM.ieMyio <iacTi> b Aeae ynpen-ieHira h P33bhthh coBercKOro naTpHOTH3Ma. lloaTOMy iiecnyMaAno b to toau TaxMacro oCpama- •iHCb nncaTe-MHk nosTii'iecxoMy HacaeAHX) irapoAa. B 3Tofi cbh3h oObscimeTCH u ocoOoe BilHMamre xa3axcxHX APaMSTyprOB k mothbhm napoAiioro snoca, KOTopbie nocjiyjKHAH ochoboB ajis piwa ApaMaTyprHiecKHX npoH3BeAeim0 («AfiMaH-Xll<«!naH» M. Ay330Ba, «Kbi3-)KiifieK», «Ko3u-Kopneiu—BanH-Cay» T, MycpenoBa h ap.). B ritece r. MycpenoBa «Ko3u-Kopneai —BaaH-Ory*, HanncaHHofi no MOTHBaMOAHOHMeilHOA H03MbI, H3BeCTH0fl CP6AHKa3aX0B eiHeCA3BHHX Bpe- Meii, paccKa3UBaeTCH o TparHiecKofi cyaiiGe iohouih Kopneui » AesyuiKH Bairii. BopHcr, 3a ceoe Me.roBe'iecxoe aoctohbctbo, 3a npaBOcboOoahoto bu- 6opa B aio6bh, ohh He orcrynaioT nepea tomhoB ii HcecToxoS chjioB craphix oObinaeB, KOTopaa nuTaerca pa3opBaTb C0103 hx cepaeu. MoaoAue aioah no- nrfiaioT, ocTaeascb ao KOima sepHbiMH CBOeMy MyiiCTRy. jlpaMaTypr co3Aa.n oSaaTejibirwe c6pa3Mxa3axcKoro iohoiuh haeByuiKH. Bo.ibiuoA yaaMefi aBTo- pa nbecbi HBAHerca co3AaHHe THna a/i'moro, cKapeAHoro h xhiuhoto 6aa Ka- pafian. Kpacoien h ko-iophtoh h3!,:k ru.ecrx. PoMaiiTHMCcKan npHnoAHHTOCTb CTHAH, nOSTHMHOCTbBbipa3HTejIbllblX CP6ACTBHpHAaiOT nbece Hpxyio 3MOUHO- HeriTpaabiiofi tohoBaphmu M. Ay930Ba h JI. CoOo.'ieoa <A6afi» (1940) HBJitieTCH 6opb6a Afiaa — Bejiiixoro xaaaxcKoro noaTa h npocBeTHTeaa— npOTHB ahkhx HpaBOBh iiecnpaBCAAHBhrx 33K0H0B (JieoAaabHO-naTpHapxaAb hoB BcpxyuiKH, 3a nporpecc h KyjibTypy, sa cnacTbe mo-moaoto noxoneiMH. B iibece pa3o6aaiaeTCH KOBapcTBO u•wecroxocrb cremiux BopoTiia— CneB H3 nbec waTestycoCijthB 1916roaa u rpawaancKoii boBhh b Ka3axcra- He c-ieAyer orMerHTb «HoMHLie pacxara* M. Ay330Ba, «)Ka.r6bip» B. Mafi- -imia, «B ahh 6opb6u» C. MyiOHOBa. B ApaMaTyprHHsthx Jie-r Bee 6o.i&tuee wecro 3aiiHMaerconpeMermaa Te- MaraKa. B. MaHariK b nbece «Opoicr» («MaSaaH») H3o6paKaer rcaaccoByra CopbCy b Ka3axcKOMay.ne b nepHOA Kar.ieKTHBHaaUHii. B KOMeAHH B. Maii- ■iHHa «flHpeKTHBU TaaTaH6an» («Ta,wan6afiAbin TOpTi6i») nbicMChbactcm Tynocrb h yroAHunecTBo oTAeAbHux Mecraux paOoTHHKOB, pa3o6.iaMaioTC» KpHKyHu h 4>pa3epbi, Tepofl nbecu A. ASHuiOBa «3a Poauhvs—Epkhh Bbic- TynaeT nax npeacraBHTe.rib hoboB iiH>xeiiepiro-TexnHMecKoii niiTe.i.iHrenuHH. OnHpancb Ha xo.iaeKTHB pa6oiHx h napTopranH3auHio, oh ncaeT ynopHyro 6opb6y npoTHB npeariTeaeft na uxaxTe. Abtop cjianHT TopwecrBo hoboto. flbeca M. Ay330Ba «Ha rpaiiirue> 3aTpaniBaeT rexiy peBoaronHormOH 6ah-

C nbecaMH o ccooBBppeewMeeHHHHOoHfl aaeficTEHTe-ibHocTH BbiCTynaioT B hiohc 1939 roaa cocroajica II ci>e3A nncaxejie0 H napo.iiibix aKUHOB Ka3axcraHa. Oh oScyAaa OT'iCTitbia AOK-iafl o pa6oxe npaB.ieiimi L U I Ka- 3axcraiia h Bonpoc o coctohhhh Ka3axcKO0 np03H h JiHxepaxypnoit hpuriiKii. B CBoeM pemeHHHci>e3a oxMexHA, 'iio b nepHoa Me>Kay Asyuii trbixiaa- mh pucaTeaeH (1934— 1939) b Ka3axcK0fi aHTepaType coaAaii pn.i ucimi-ix npoMBefleima, noKa3UBaiomnx AOCTHSKeHHS Ka3axcxana b coiuui.'iiimt'ie- ckom CTpoHTejTbCTBe. Bmcctc c TeM b nocraHonaeHHH OT.Me<iaancb iiiKuati'r HAefiHo-xyao>«ecTBeHHu8 ypoBCHf. MHorux iipoH38eAeniifi, orcraoaimc up;:- careaeft. HeAocxaTomioe BHHMaHHe k aercxofl Aitxepaxype. Cm m iuimotii.! mcph no ycrpaHeHHio sthx neAOCxaxKOB h npH3Ba.p Ka3axcwi\\ .iuxcpar:>|K:n noBUCHTb CBOIO XBOpieCKYK) aKTHBHOCTb, HP OXCXSBaXb OT 33ja'[ COtUlH/iy- CTHiecKoro cxpoHTeabcxBa b pecnyfijiHKe. B Koime 30-x roaos ycH.tHBatoTCH npoacKK noaJKHraTo.ipii Boiitibt. nun opraiia3yioT OTKpunje arpeccHBHwe•Bbijia3KHnpotHB nauieii npaubi. Ko.v- MyKHCTH'tecKaa napTua npHHHMaex Mepu Atm ycu.TeHHS MoCiianaamioiiitoti roTOBHocTa coBeTCKoro Hapoaa. B bthx ycjioBaax nepea JiHxepaTypoii bctb- aa aaaaaa noMo«n> nap-nmb BoenHTaaHH v coeercKHX aioaefl ropsiteii aiofinn KcomtaancTHMecKofi PoAHHe, hph3bhcth k ee sparaM, HyBcxBa bmcokoh Gan- Ka3axcKne nHcarejm, tcax H ace coBexcKHejiiirepaxopbr, b stot nepmi.i nHiuyx pan npoH3BeaemtH, noKaauBaioBiHX MorymecxBO Hauiefl Poaviiiu. BoeHHyio aofiaecTb KpacHofi Apmhh. Flosra npa3hiBaiox itapoA fibiTbHaneiiv. noMHKTbo KanHxaaHcmecKOM OKpyjxeiiHH, 06 onacHocxH BpawecKoro naiia- AeHBB, HapoAHhift axbiH ZIwaMGyjt b CBoeM mixoTBopemm «Gbe3ay noGo- AHxeaedt («JKeHiMna3Aap cbeame*. 1939) iracaa: Hextyropbie nos™ oGpautaioTCH k coGbiTHistmm Ha 03epe XacaH h Xa.ixmi- 1oopbSe c hixohckhmh caxiypas- xl-Mepxb repos* A. CapceH6ae- CTHXOTBOPetilinB CBoeM CTHXOTBOpeitHH «Cxhxh — 3x0 rpa«a-

ta» no3T A. CapceiiCaeo. 3iia>inTejibi(biM npomBeaenHeM na ary TGMy hbh- jiocb CTHXOTBopeHHe C. MyKaHOBa «Caobo—CoBeTcxoft ApMiin». I'oBops o Aiireparype ksk aeiiCTBCHHOM opywan b 6opbSe c Bpara- mh, C. MyKaHOHnHiuer, “.to xyjiowecTBeimafl npo3a OyaeT BbinoaKXTb 4>yHK- 11HIOapTH^WiepHH, n033HH—0OM6OBO3a, 0'iepK—pa3BeAKH. B CTHXOTBOpCHHH HyBCTBverca GAaroTBopnoe BAHHHHe B. MaaKOBcxoro. 9ro bhaho He TOAbxo b coaepwaHHH, ho h b cbmom pHTMe, b xyAowecTBCHHbix o<5pa3ax. H3BecTHo, <m> ochobhhm cpoactbom oroSpaxeiiHa HB-'ieHHii hch3hh b .iHTeparypHOM npoiiaBepeiiHH HBJiaeTcn «3uk. Kaaaxcxne micareAH, omipaacb na onurAHTepaTypbi GpaTCKHXHapoAOB, pyccxo# KjiaccHHecKOfl h coBeTcxofi AHTepaTypbi, oniipascu na onuT A6an, UIHPOKO Hcrio/[b30Baan HapoAHbiii H3biK, AHTepaTypHO oOpafiaruBaa, tbop- MecxHocBaKBaa h pa3BHnasi ero OoraTCTno. B cbohx JiyquiKX npoH3BeaeHHHX OHH3H3KOMHAH HKTaie.lC'ft C MHOrorpaHHOCTblO H KpaCOHHOCTblO poaiioro a3UKa, noBbiuiaa h ofioraiuaa KaaaxCKVio nauHOHaAbHyxi pcaeoyio Kyaarypy. Ohhne TOAbKo Hcnojii.30Ba.ni pa3Hoo6pa3iie cyiuecTByionuix 3iia>ieHHfi caob bxaaaxcKOM hbukc. ho h no bo3mojkhoctk paciuHpaAH cMucaouyio cmkocto c.TOBa, Haaejiaa ero hobhm 3na'ieHHeM. riHcareaiH cxieiio bbo.ih.ih b cboh npon3BCABHHa nojiHTiiiecKHe, skohomHMecKne h o6iu.ecTBeHiio-ny6jiHHHCTH- aecKHe TepMHiibi. y noaiOB h nHcaTe-iefi Ka3axcrana mm naxoaiiM hobmo xypojKecTneHHbie ii3o6pa3HTe.n>iibie cpeACTBa—He ynoTpeS-iaBmueca panee CBexcHe H opHrHHa.ibiiue \\ieTa<t>opbi, cpaBHeHHa, sriHTeTu, c-ioaocoieTaHHa. Tax, y C. MyxaitoBa couHa.iH3M cpaBHHBacrcn c «apxoft Bectioft», Man yno- AoftraeTCH CTpoSnoMy MoaoAOMy A*HniTy, noAHOMy ch.i h siiepniH, x xo- TopoMy oh o6pam?.CTCB co CAOBaMH «Tonapnm Mart*, «3ApaBCTByfi, Artail*: fiAHT&nbHOCTbPMOBOrOK0.'lX03HHKa KcHCafl HanoMHHaCTnOSTyfiAHiejIbHOCTb norpaHHHHHKa («TaxoB Kojixo3Hbift ayji»). CBoeo6pa3HUMH aitiopucriniHbiMH BbipajKCHHHMH H H0BMMHOfiopOTilMH PCIH ofiOrailjaeT AHTepaTypHHft H3blK nncaTCJib M. Av33ob. Bupa3HTe.ibHMe h apKHe cpaBHeHHH Bsniirera Bcrpe- naioTCH y r. MycpenoBa h APyrax nHcare.iefl. TaKHM o6pa30M, xa3axcxan coiserCKan -iHrepaTypa b roan aobochhhx naraAeTOK pa3BHBaerca Rax cocraairaa n neoTPMBHan nacTb Bcert Hauieit MHoroHauHOHa.ibnoii AHTepaTypbi — cawoB HAefiiiofi. caMoft nepeAOEoii ah- TepaTypbi b Mnpe. noBbimaerca ee HAeilHhifi h xyAowecTiieiiiiLiii ypoBeHb. Ka3axcxHe Aineparopbi r.iyfijKe OBAapoBaror mctoaom connaAiicTHiecKoro Pa3BHTHe xa3axcK0fi coBeTcxoft .iHTeparypM recno cBasano c counaAb- H0-3K0H0MH<iecxHM. noJiHTHHecKHM, xy.ibTypHMM poctom Ka3axcTaHa H Bceft HauieBcrpaHM. BeeJiynuiee, hto 6hao co3AaHOHauiHMH micare-iaMH, aB-iaeT- ca oTpaweHueM Be/nixiix aocthskchhB HapoAa b couHaAHCTHiecxoMnpeoCpa- 30BaiiHii cBoefi poAHHhi. Ka3axcxan jiHTepaiypa curpaaa Gojibiuyio poAb b KOMMyHHCTH<jecKOMBociiHTaHHH TpyAHiAHXca pecnyfiAHKH. noxa3biBaa nepe- AOBoe h HOBoe b wh.ihh, Sopacb aa yMiiowenae npexpacnoro b Heft, OHa c noMouibio xyAoixecTBCHHoro cAOBa nOMora.ia npeoAOAeBaTb Bee ctapoe, xocHoe oTiKHBuiee. Cbohm poctom, ycnexaMH CBoero pa3BHraa xa3axcxaa AHtepaTypa 06a- 3aHa KoMMyimcTHiccxoii napraH, Korapaa, cBoeBpeMeHHo BcxpbiBaa ouihGkh h HeaocTaTKH. HaMeiaaa xoHxpeTHyio nporpaMMy AaAbiiefimero TBopnecxoro noA-bCMa AHTepaTypu. B.iaroAapn 3T0My xaaaxcxaH coBeTCKaa AHtepaTypa b npeABoeHHbie toau era.-ia HAeftHO 3peAoii, teMaTHiecxH fioraroft, coAep- KaTeJibiiofi h MHorowaHpoBofi AHTepaTypoft. Ka3axcxan AHrepaTypa nepnoAa AOBoemibix nuTHAeTOX sBBAacb 3axo- HoMepHbiM npoAOAixeHHeMAKTepatypu npeAUAyiiuix jict, BMecre c teM OHa

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>obhx ra3erax. C opywncM b pyKax yxoA«r bAeficToyiowyio aptraio nncare- in ii iioBTbi Ka3axcTana—KacbiM AMauJKoaoo, AOnyjuia XyMaraaneB, AGy OapceuGaeB, CefiTjKaa OMapoa, XaMiir Epiaanca, Ra-iiManaii ACAUKaabipon, :.irijiiraaH CeaTOB, fliixan AGMJieu, CupOail MayjienoB, /Kyfian Mojwara- iiioa, JleomiAMaxeeu, B.iaaiiMitp MyryiioB, flaBea KyaHcuoa, AMiirpnii Cne- raii a ApyrHe. Mnorne H3Ka3axcKHx micarejiei! no.iyiHjin Goenwe iiarpaAbi, .mepaTypHtiH KpHTuit M. raGAyAjimi —aBamie l'epoa CoBeTcnoro Coma; •:oManAHpoMnapniaaHCKorootphab Ha yxpaiiHe Gun host >KyMara;m Canii. B Cioax 3a neCTba He3aBncnMocTb named PoAinibi CMeprwo repoeB na­ il ACayAaa JKyMarsuweB, BjiaAHMnp Myryiioo, BayGeic ByAKiuueB. UeHTpaJibHoft -reMOii Ka3.ixcKoii coBercKofi aiirepaTypu so BpeMn Be.in- xoft OreqecTBeHHoS Bodiiu hdh/ihcij repomecKiie Ae.ia cobgtckhx jnoAed aa .jipome h a may, a raaBHWMH ee reponMii —casiooTBepjKeHHO Oopioiuaecn iipOTHBHeMeriKo-diauiHCTcanx 3axuaTiHK0B coBCTCKiie BOHiibi h repoHTpyaa. BnpOH3BeaeHiiax Boeimux ner BMpaiKa.iao. aioCoub a npeAaHBocn. cobbt- .’Koro Hapoaa CBoed couna.mcTii'iecKofi Poamie, poAHOfi KoMMyHiicTHiecKoft Ka3axcKaa Anreparypa BocnirrUBajia y coBercKHx jnoaefi nenaBHcri. k sparasi a yBepeHHOCTb, bo.ho k noGeAe, naTpnornsM. Oahhm H3 OoeBHXorpaAOB MHoroiiaiwoHajibHofi cobctckoBaaicpaTypu aaH.iach Ka3axct<au coaercKan nosann. HaxoAiicb na nepeAOBofi .nmnn Hfleo- •wii'iecKoro (jiponta, oiia npH3biBa.ia iiaui napoj k GopbGe 3a npaBoeab/io, BocmiThiBama iieiiaBiicTb k Bpary, Bce.m.na yiiepeHiiocTb b nofieae iiaA iie- «euKo-itiaiuHCTcKHMH3axaaTTOKaM:i. OcHomioe mbcto b HeB 3annMajia TeMa S0BpeneHKocTH, tonnee—re.wa ahs. no33iia npHoGpeTaeT MacmTaSHOCTb, anefi ocoGeriHo acuo Bbipawaercs luxsnmmcaMoro noaTa. Tcmu cthxob itaaMGyjia, C. MynanoBa, T. Xapoxoiia, XC Canna. K. AwaHiKOAOBa n spyrax xa3axcKHX jkbtob nepeiuniKa.iiicb c TCNaiHKOii ;ipoH3BeAeHHft nepeaoBUX pyccKHx hostob A. CypKOBa, H. TnxoiiOBa, A. TsapAOBCKoro, M. HeaxoBCKoro, K. CiiMOHOBa, O. Beprrcuim, n. Ahto- xoabCKoro h APyrHX. Cthxh pyccxiix nosTOB, no.inbie peBOJiroiiHOHHoro po- MaHTH3Ma, ripoHHKiiyTbie HAenMH mrrep»auH0Ha.iH3Ma, Bceraa caywHJiH oG- paauou ajia KaaaxcKHx noaroB. B stk roau, Tax we natt h panbuie, xa3ax- OKiie noarbi iraxoAH.ia kmchho b pyccxod iiomhh BucoKiie oGpaaou iiaefiHO- CTO, napTHfillOCTH, HapoAHOCTH110331111. npoH3Be;ieiiHB KajaxcxHX nosTon no CBoed iMefluod nanpaB.ieimocTii HaxoAH.TOCb b oahom pycae c CoeBofi no33Heft ynpanHneB. GoaopyccoB, y3Ge- xnn, KHprH30B, MO-iflOBan, aaepOaiiaiKamieB n Apyrnx 6paTcxi:x napoaoB. Cobmcctho c nosTawnapyrnx napoaoB xaaaxcKPe noarbi Biiecmi cboh BK.iaa fioabtiiyio coaeTCKyio 110331110, or.iipiaaiiiyioca cBoeii GoeBod naapaB.ioi[• ■iocTbio n ue.ievcTpeM.ieiniocTbio. CBHAeTe-ibCTBOM Moryiiix cii.i na3axcKod no33HH Boeimux aer nBHJiiicb liccmi napoAHoro axuna ilwaxioyaa, kotopuc boiujih b coxpoBnmnauy Been coBCTCKofl Anreparypu, baoxhob/ihb h npiouaan Hapo;; na repoinecKiie noA- BHrn. «rio3Ma jiioCbh h rueBa». necnn «Bwctoiit n.iewn GoraTjpen* («At- ran. 6aTbip ypiiarhiiis), «ropoay .lenmreKax 3opb» («Cbifi.™K»), «MocKBa» (\"MocKBaras) h Miiorae ApyrHe Guah c.iowenu hm b nepBue wo wecaubi BOiiHhi. B3Bo,niouaHHbidOTiuiHK b HapOAeBbi3oa.io ero 3aMeuaTo,n,iioe npoH3- oeAeiine «JIennHrpaAuij, .lera moh!» («JleimHrpaATbi epcai.vi>), noTopoe |>ac«RijBa.TO Hywccmo n oTBary 3au(HTii»K0B ropoAa, nx npe.iamiocTi. Poah- ne ii KoMMynHcniqecKod napTnn, ux repomecKHe TpaAnumi. AriiramioHnoe 3iia»eHHe arod necnn ZliKanCy-ia 6u.no ncK-noniiTeAbiio BeAHKO. B ocawflen- homJleHHHrpaae ona liepeaana.iacb no paAHO, no«BH.'iacb na orpoMHHX njia- xaTax Ha CTeHaxaomob poc.no oahoh Taweaod hohh, KorAa Bpar noasepr ro- fS





HCTopsmecKyio pu.m bcuuikuiu p.\" m b cyabGaxapyraxCpaTcKiix HapoaoB, anm s to we Bpeus rop.Tii.icji mto BOHiibi Ka3aXH 3aiUHwaioT pycCKyio a yapanncKyro 30jmt>. mik c pofliiKy (iianpiiMep, cthxh «Apy«6a Hapoaa* («I\\ahapMai! miu* .to ra»). Bo mhothx craxax flwaMfiyjia BOcaeBa-iHcb Be-THqiie^repoiiau. jtocrb, oTBara, yu h cxofixocTb se.niKora pyccKoro iiapo/ia. ftOMiiymicr cxaa napTHsi, Beaymas cobbtckhS napo.1 ot no6eabi k noGeac. ee iviiii HOCTb, npo3op.'iHB0CTi>, fienoGeaHMOCTb ee Fiaeft raxwe iiB.m.niCb iioiumci •jeMoa mhoi hx no3THW--xiix npOH3BeacHaS axbiHa. yrjiyCaaeTca no.wHiman iiapoaHOCTb TBopqecxBa H>i!axbTy.ia; b or hom oh co3aaeT anmecuHe npoH3Beaei[nn, qxo OTBeqaer ero ycrpcM.ini saneMaxacTb cobbtckhii repon3M. ho lie e OTaeabHWX .tfoajix (xot'f if iiMoao Mec-ro), a a jiHiie Bcero Hapoaa. AKbiiia lie noKiwaer lyncirwi o.t Hiia c liapoaoM, h b ero neCHHX raaBCHCTByiom.HMn CTaHorjiin'ii odjioFHi’i «mo9 iiapoa, moh crpaHa, moh 3eMjifl». KOTopFje xapaKtepiibi .via siifimo ro oxo(5pa)«eHHa wh3ifh. 3th oGpameHHa npommaHbF aiipiiqccKoii crp Fiocrbio axhiHa h npHAaiOT ero itgchjim fioabuiyro artixamioiiiFyK) itf.iv. I hh /UKaMfiy.Ta npoHHKHyTbi bwcokhm ayxoM napxHiiHOCTii, OFiTiiMiiaMB. Mue nepBbFe ero BoeHHae npoH3BeaeHHH, coaaaFFiibFe b HaiiGtxico tidko. iiepHOABofimj, HacFjiFieiiu rayGonofl Bepofl b noGeay coBercuoro iiapo.Ta. Macrepcrrao ilwawOy.ia onwpaexca Ha iiapoaHyio fiomfiio. no oil i npaiiHMaer ero saeMeKTti tbopmcckh, pasBHBaex cuofo miAHBHAya.nbiiyio Hepy, cboff nosTHMecFOiScraab. B sth roau oahh m3 H3JiFo0.ieiiHUX ero Fip mob—conocTaBHxeabHa*—bo mhotom oGoramaerca, oh npOTHsonocxab.t omuee npoHinoMy. a Ham Hapoa — BparaM-3axBaxqFixaiF, >KFF3Hb—cMepxH. OSoramaFOTcH xyaowecTaeHHo-H3o6pa3FFteabHbie cpe.TCTisa ero FieceH, aKbin ifoxoaht cpaBHeHHH, o6pa3U, c.B..OofltICeTRiSeemilFiMlhiee J>KiaHn3mHIiI, BGmbFtTvy, npnpoae Toro GpaTCKoro Hapoaa, o kotopom o noex. Tax, noKa3UB3(i <' oaay CTaaHHrpaaueB c Boaro9 (htoGu ohh, xax Bojira, HaxjihiHy. BPa- KaaaxcKan no33H8 noaHswacb bo BpeMnbohhu Ha bmcokhS Hjemio- xy- aowecTBCiiHbFfi ypoBent Gaaroaapa naTpHOTHqecKHM npoH3BeaeiiHHM AwaM- oyjia, xoiopbFc BBH.iHCb caMUMH BbFaaionuiMHCH npoH3BeaemisMH xex .ier Tbop'ioctbo AiKaMOyBa nepHoaa BejiHKOfi OxcMecTBemiofi BoflHbiiebirpa.io OO-lblUyio portb B pa3BlFTHHHe TOJIbKO KB33XCKOH, HO H BCefl MHOrOilBFIllo Fia.ll,FIOHCOBeTCKO® n033HH. „.jv^,C,'.',p„'CI>';?JM6yJ,a °“ 3“ BaflH rtl.TI.HOe BAHJTHHe Ha TBOPqecTBO Hapoa- “ Hypneiica 5a0i-aHHHa, flocKea A.iHM6aeisa, Keiiena A3eoGaa- ocBotk3aHTMb^oft°6opb6u^Bepoft JIBeT6v?vTH»ayX0TBOPeHa Bb,COK\"MI1 le.FHMFi rmahri3HmopmaM. KH H3o6pa>Kaequx coGuth^“ •' hHaZnomJ|hrasHT ee peBHoeaHiO3MMeODHH'H:oUHP3o3nJBxiHi-- $aFu?3M^0”«o°a,rHMHin^a° p,!T c -^MyxaHoB b CTHxoTBopeHin. .CMeoxb 6aybipaapra>) h ap. Boar

Poaob Miipa, HenaiiMfliniK (pauiHOM, h MoxnotseHiio Bocncsaer ap\\'A'(iv Ha- poaoB, pyKOBoaaaiyio poab naprmi. IlpH3LiBHo-afHTaujiomibrfi xapaxxep Ka3axcKoft n033mi bociihux .rex pacupbiBaercH b tbkhx cxiixoTBopeHiiax, nan«Teiib He cxpocT comma* («Ke- JieiiKexyaai CSacnaftnws), «S( iia.reiiaio cepyioiuHiic„ib» («K«eMin cyp imiiie.Fi- ai») T. JKapoKoaa, «Elopen orbe3.roM na cjipoiirs (eAnaiiap,ia») >K. Caiuia, «5I aay Ha 4>poht» («Memae wiGep Maftaanra*), «Bo3Bpamaiica c noOeaoii» (•KyaiMaen 6apbm, xyn 6on KaiiT») JX. AfimieBa. XapaKTepHbiMaaa anixaer HBaaeTca pa3H0CT0ponnee ynpcnaeiwe CpaT- ckhx CBnaeii c BeaHKHM pyccitiiM Hapoaoa. 3io npo-.miiaoci. b nepeBojtax pyccKHx noaTOB, b crHxax-oSpaiuenHflx k MocxBe, Kiieay, JlemmrpaRy, b C03aaaHH o6pa30B pyccrax ii yKpaHHaeB. B neiixpe BHiiMaHHB Ka3axcKHX nostOB’BBoeHHue ronbi CTonna 6opb- 6a repoHiecKHX 3Biuhthhkob ropoaos-repoeB JleHHHrpaaa h CraaKHrpaaa. Kawabifi H3 noaTOB ocBcmaa stv TeMy nocsoewy, pasBmsaii re iiaeiino-xy- ao*ecTBeHHbie mothbu, Koropbie Cu.m OanaKii ero TBOPiecTsy. Ec.mflwa.vi- 6ya C03aa3aa 06 stom npoiianeaennsi b aimrecKOM naane, to, HanpHMep, A. TawHOaeB Bocnesaa siywecrBo cosercxiix aioaefi b luiaae aiipiiiecKOM. CTHXOTBopeiiHeA. Tawafiaeiia «Jle'mi!rpaa», iiacbiuieHHoe npnoit o6paa- HOCTbio, o6oramaer ero tboptoctbo houwvk xy.roiKecT!semio-H3oGpa3rrerr.>- humh cpeacTF.aMH. rio3T cpaBHHBaeT croilmien, aeKHarpaaueB c rpaHHTOK; roBopa o jiioCbh Kasaxcxoro napo.xa k ropony-rcpoio. nosr pacupueaeT ee btcchoB CBH3H c nyccTeaMH Bcex Kapo.ioB KsuieS crpaiiti. B stom cthxot- BopeHHHpea.iHCTH'iec.Kaa KOHKpeTHOCTb EMoamaercn a sipKiix I'aaaoaa.isiiMx ofipasax. CpaBKHBasi .r.'eHH«ruaa c KO.-ibi6e.ibio no6caH, c HeMepxiiyumM coiiHueM, nosr ynoTpefiaaer caxine CBiimeiame,t.tr ero napoaa iioiihth.i . On roBopuT, mto jhoGht .leiiiiHrpa.r, lcax canoro ueamioro Jlemma. Host roaopHT o JleHHHrpaa-r, k» k o CKUBO-re couHa-iKCTipiecKoro ore- recxsa. Haen co3eici;oro naTpiioxH3Ma rporniOKBaiOT bto upohiikhoschho- aapHaecKoe npOH3seaeHae. KaaaxcKtie robtu m.raioT psi,xcthxotbophlixc5oj>:iiikob,cpani xoropHx f.Mapuia-'ibr BbJiu.'m Ka (|)poht» («Mapaia.iaap mbiicTbi »iafiaaaFa», 1941). «/laeuib He<>Tb» («Mynail 6ep», 1943) A. ToKMaraMCeTOBa, etloxoaHbie memo (cX opuk x&nviapbo, 1941) S'. .icwi-wposa, «fly6» («Bi«ea*. 1945) T. OpManoBa. Ocoflo Baxdio'i aeproS sthx craxoTBOpeiiHii BB.i,reTca to, bto b hiix sip ko h ofipaaiio oxapanrepH30BaHa BOcnHrare.iLHan pyKOBOAaman po.ib Kom- MyiiHCTHiecKofi iiaprKH, r.ciyisiiiiiiefi b cep.wa co3ctckhx aiojefi Bepy b no- Ceay, ewe-ro h HenoKo.ieCiiMO B03raaBHBiueii noCeaoiiocHyio 6opb6y napoaa. ArHTauHOHHoii, npH3UBiiofi cii.roS cbohx cthxob b nepHoa BeaHKOH OreHecTBeHHofl Bofina nyae-iajica, nanpHMep, Taiip XapoxoB. IIost ixhbo oTKaHKaaca Ha Bee Baaoiue. 3iia';HT<MibiiKe caCariin BoeiiHbtx aeT. riai|)ocoM BoeRHoro no.renra. orBara h repoii3Ma saiuRTRHKOB MocxBbi h .rIeiuinrpr.r'> noamj cTHxoTBopeiiiin T. JKapoKosa «3Be3floii ropamaa Mocxua* («Xy^- naaaafi waHFan MocuBas), «ropoa JleRHHa* («Jleimn Kaaacas). XapaKTep- fibiMaaa bthx n flpyi-Hx cTHxoTBopeniiA Boensoro BpeweiiH aBaaerca to, hto e hhx npeo&iaaaeT iiaea naTpHOTii3iaa, ropaocTH repoa sa cboio Poamiy, spKo h SMouHonajibiio Bupaa(eniiaa nosroM. B CTHxoTBOpeHHHx JX. A6HJieBa «I'oBOpiiaH Bbi» («JXeyiui eaini3», 1942), A. ToKMaraMfieroBa «K k>0uih ra.ia.M» (cKvBmi Fa.iMM», 1942), 1\\ Op.viaiiOBa «Mcto Bomia» («Ep apMaiuis, 1941), K. AS.ihiKaabipoiia i-Po;mn» («Tyyc») (19-13) ii b apyrHX cinaanw narpiioTiiri-CKiie o6pa3bi co- BeTCKt-rx bohhob, Koropbie b 6opb6e c BparoMnoxa3a.ru o<i.a3aa fiecnpiiMep- iioro repOH3Ma.

JioraioB0HH8 nepej <5oeM, ero pemHMoerb fiHTbca no KOHua. P ost hpko',C11H3o6' pawaer cHawibifi BoaeBoS xapaKTep jiHpmecKoro reposi. B CTHxoTBopeHHii «KioiiuiH ra.iHM» A. ToKMaraMSer-oBa ormcbimiCTca Iiytb Bomia, Koropbiii ao boAhw 6bui MV3UKaHTOM. Oh Mender cboio ;«)MOpy 11a opywHe, kotopum yKHHTOjKaer BparoB. Or KOHKperiioro oOpasn lepoa. lammuaiouicio cboiocBoCioaHyio necHio, non nepexoam- K ofiodinemuisiy 00- pa3ycojinna, KOTopoeo-imieniopaeT Poamiy KcBoGo.ay. 3auimiiiicMUr ameT- ckhm He-[OBei«iM. B CTHxoTBopeHHii «roBopnan Bu» R. Aoimobii IIIHTOM !icno;ib3yeTCfl rpafliiuKOHiiaa <l>0PMa Ka3axtKoB no33HH — nnci.Mo-maviamie. Tepofi cTHXOTBOpeiiiin «3 ckpomhoto, 3acreHmiBoro <ie»ioooKa npeBpamaerea 11a (ppoine b cM&noro, croftKoro BOHHa. BucokhH MopaabiibiHoCjihk, CorarcTBO .nyxoBiioro wnpa. lyManmi'i xn- paKrepH3yioT AHpu'iecKiix repoeB sthx crnxOTBopeiinii. Ecjih b noBTH'iecKHX npon3BeAeniiflx nepaux act OrcnccTBcniinii noii- libi npeofi-iaaaaa oGiuaa TeMa <ppoHTa Hmaa, to b npoii3i«\\Toiimi< iiihyip- AyioiuHXJieT ayiibi a nocTynKB, naTpiionwecKHe aeaa cosctckiix .110ieii no- .-lyiaior CBoe KOHKpeTHoe H3o6pa>«enHC b khrbix xvaotkccthchiiux ofipn- 3axa KapxiiHax. IIobopot iiodtob ot mhotocaobhh. pacnabmpmoeni n inoo- paweHHH !KH3nemibix SBaemifi k kohkpsthmm o6pa3HWM xapahTepiv hi'ih.ich '6o.ibiunMM TtBbOoPpHhebCcKkHbMm AOoCcrTaHmWeeHHiHieM 1k ' CTHXOTBOpeHHSI, O KOTOpWXTOOOpHJIOCb BblUie, C Tewa Poahku, tewa eaimcTBa ippoina h ru-ia onoeaeaiieT neaymyio ,-m- iihio n xasaxcKon noaaim bohiihux aeT. Hosue Mopa.ibiibie KaHecraa eoner- oKoro BOima, npoBBaeKHbie km Ha ([iwoiitc, npeaaiiHOCTb Po.niHe 11 naimm pacapbidaioTca b cthxotbopchhhx C. MyKaimsa «riHCbMo Ha Jpoin» (cMaii- aaHia xare). A. ToKMaraMSetOBa «Opea c A.Traa» («AjiTaiiflbin bkiimi-no) ft. AfiiiaeBa «Ha nepexpecTKe* («Topa6uiiaa Ton wo.iAbin»), A. Cani-eni'ine- Ba «riceiiii o coKojie® («KupaH Tvpa.-ibi *up>), «rnapaecn>' R .™- ••••- piiren o TOM. *ito Ha diponre cbi------ ------ kiim PVCCKIIM napoAOMruenoM 3™x craxoTBopeiirax, yMeao Hcnomaya TpaaHUHOiwbie dio.Tb'i.To'Mibie (cfioobpoMtbciko(troiinuecpvGiooBaebKia,. .-nnoru), r.oarbi c raySoKHM natbocOM 11306^0‘W.\"-,,i,o,rr Tpbahuhh KaaaxCKoii homhm b nokase tpvaoboh aeaTeibiiorm ,-nev Ty„i^. ^!'ToKMaraM&roJa^Aaeu?*lie^n^IxMyHafi X6ep>* cn o caMooTBepweHHOMtnv/ie pa6o'iHx nooMijirrX.,.,1,3P ' tla« K:' ,l>'-''aeT- \"0.\\iyrpyay KoaxosiiHKOB, oGecnewBrnii^Zou- ' US\" UCHbl ^MooiBenwH- noKaaainaioT, KaK JKeimumu. ciaonn» » n! S Heo6xoaniibiM. IlosTbi \"a C“ \" X— — \" V S ™ ' \" a6a» “ « xoefionaumu

CpeflH 3thx npoH3BeaeHHil ocoGemio BbUMSKncv CBoefi nporraraHAHcr- CKoii chjioA CTHXOTBopeiiHsi A. ToKMaraMfieroBa «Zlwaii/iay, noayiHBiimB KpacHoe 3«aM«» h cflaeaib HacumeHiibie o6paaa.Ma, co3aaHHUMH bayxe HapoAHO-noynmecxoro TBOpneCTBa. yMeao Hcnoab3ya TpaAHUHOHHMe c[iop»n>i oparopcKoft pe>ia, r<x;irav, aiiTMca, host npii3UBaeT cobctpkhx jho- .lefi x caMooTBepiKciiiioMy Tpyjy bo hmh nofieiui. CraxoTBopemie M. XaKim>Kanu3ofi «TaKofi repoft aoctohii ak>6bh» ray- 6oko AHpH'iHo. Eahhctbu (|>poHTa ii nua ncpesaeTca b lien >iepe3reliable B3aBMOOTHouieHHS AioCsiuiix ;ipyr APyra jiioflef). H3ofipa>xaH caM03a6BeH- iiyiopafioTy repoimii, or.Miotn.CM BCe cii.iu ,vm pa3rp0.ua Bpara, noyrecca riaTpHOTH'iecKiic nocryRKH coih-tckhx jHoaeii, KOTopbie ne Tomato -rpy- .10*. ho h jihmhumk-c6epe*eiiHHMB nouorajiH<|)poHTy, BocneBaiarca b cth- xoTBopeHHax «repoimecxaH nosMa cniaiiu* (tcEvuiin epaix aac-ramo) A. ToKHaraMfieroBa. cBapexotH* («&Ha.ia»») fl. Afia/ieBa, «npnaeTtefie, poA- ho# «paS» («Caran ca.iev., Tyraw e.i») T. XapoxoBa. CaMOOTBOpjKeHHHil TpyAKOAXOBHHKOBHpa60HHXB TbUiy TaWKeCOCTaB- ■vuHaPfliioe coaopwaime aarucoB h necen Ka3axcKHX aitbiiios. Ka3axc.xaa coBercxas no33HH b roau boRhu bcbctopohhb ocBeiuaaa 60- . rarafi BnyTpeHHufl MapcoBercKoro ■re-’ioui'ica. Kax Hbo BceB coeeTCKofi noa- 3Hii. ocofioe pa3BKTiie no.ivuaer.iMpHKa. KoporxHe.lnpimecitnectbxotbopohhh «Be.ioe ofijiaxo* («Axiua 6yjrr») A. Capcenfiaeiia. «He TepaS Haaewabi* (•KyaepiKAi <5ip ceH y3fie»),U. Afin.teiia. neciia A. ToxMaraMfieroBa «jIk>6h- moS» (sCyflreH xcapra»), HanncaHiian b (fropwe niicbMa-nocviaiom, npaaoH- noH3o€pa«araT nyncTna cobotckhx bohiiob. pHcyrar hx bucokhAMopaabHbiii 06.1HK. nepe.i<ja:eiiHbie 11a aiysUKy oh11imipoKOpacripocTpananncb11a (bpoii- Tea b Tbi.iy cpean coBeTcxiix nioAefi. 0 *ii;ianne BcrpenH c ;iio6kmoA iccho 1'epen.ieTaeTca b khx c mothbom cxopoii noOeaw. B CTHXOTBopemmiJIiofiHMOiS* A. TcxiiaraMfieTOBa CBoeo6pa3iio cone- raiOTca nosaTopcxoe noerpocBHe cTiixa, era nonaa phtm-.ik.i c npaeMaMM ycTHofi no33mi. He cpaBHemie.iioChmor cco-umeM, Ubctkom, HeBHpaweiiHe i-BOHXIIJBCTB B nocjiaHHB k Hefi. BAViUHeor aapoAitoro TBOp'ffiCTna, a He- oobMHaa piiTMHKa, pnt|»iOBxa iuecraciiimiifl onceAe-nsnoT noiicitii iiostom JlHpifKa K333XCKHXP03T0BnepeKAHKa.iaCbCH3BCCTHblMII npOK3lie.ieiliia- ira CiiMOHoea. lUanaaena, HcaKoscKoro, CypnoBa. 110 b neii coxpana.'incb .’.yqrniie iiaiiHoiia.'ibHwe MepTbi Ka3axcKefi 110331111, ee oOpasu Oujiii rayBoKo caMOCbITHbl. HaMHoro paouiipH-TcaAHanasoH xa3axcK0ii coBeTCKoa norjuii BoeHHbix •iernax no TeuaTHHC. Tax 11 no H3ofipa3iire.ibiibiMcpeAi.TBaM. 0«a ofioraTH- Mep, conepuieHHo hobomana Kaaaxcxoii no»3HHtcmoA aejiacTCarcwa napTH- laiicKoii fiopbfibi. rio-iTMX. CaHH. cpamaBiiiHfica b iiapri!3aHCK0Morpaae «a yxpaime. T. OpwaiioB HAPynie MHOiHecboh CTHXOTBopeiiHa nocsaniAH <.TBa>KiihiM coBeTCKHMnapTH3a»aM. xpafipo cpawaBuiHMca b tuav apara c beMeuKo-<]>auiHCTCKiuwsaxnaT'iiixaMH. Co3naimc cBoero rpawflaiicxoro aoa- ra, Bepa b no6eay naa BparoM, u chav apvwOm conercxiix .iioaefl iipnaaioT eraxaMMynara.iH CaKiia o iiapTH3anax aMcoxoe naTpHOTietccKoeaiiV'iaiiHe. On npaBAHBo Hapncoaancypoisvio x<n3iib, repoanecxyio naoTH3auci<VK) fiopfc- fiy B uiiKjie cTiixoTBopeiiHfi «naiyn3aiibi» («riapTM3aHAap». 1943), «riec- iih paaenoro naprusanas (a>Kapa;ibi napTn3an Wbipj[apu». 1942). B sthx :rnxoTEopeHHax noyTapxo bi.ipa3ii.i HenaBHCTb napTH3aii x Epary, ax aio- f.oBbx poAHoMy Hapoav', roTOBHOCTbo-rcroaTbHHTepecu CBoeSPoahhm. Oco- \"chiio apxo nona3ana apvixfia pvcckhx, vKpaHiiueB, xasaxos, xotopbie euic

B BoeHHbie roan Bee 6paTCKHe .iHTcparypu paa 6onirrejibHoft 6opb6u coBeTCKoro Hapoaa. 06pa3ti re Hocrefi HfleH flpymSu napoaoB erne Oo.iee noa xap^rep TOBetcKoft tio33hh. 3aneBajiofi b Mucaefi h 'ivbctb cnucrcKoro 'leaoaeKa asHaacb pyc naTpHOTH'jecnaa jmpBna CypKOBa, Twxonoaa, Hcav CBMOiioBa h MHorax Apyrax 3aMeuaTe.11.Hux nosxc jiiojiefi. B neft ohii Biue/ni caMoe coeivioe. mhctoo. bo cpawaiouierocs, HenoKopeimoro Hapoaa. PyccKKc n £naa£paapaOoTKa btoB TeMbi lie Mor.ia He < ckhx pecnyfi.-iHK, oOpaTKBtuHxca K axoaiy >Kaii BeKXOJKHB nanwcaa noswy «23». CmxoTBOpeHHe K. CHMCiiOBa «>I<ah .m pmecKiix npoH3BeaeKHii o bppiiocth, mo6 Taican nepeiumiKa no-jxoB oGorauiaaa copexcKyio nosanio n J'O-v ••• BbicTynaa 11a X FlaeiiYMe Coi03a cOBeTCKiix niicaxaieii b 1945 rn;iy. U. xoiioa ocoCo nojiepKKBaa eaimcTBO coBexcKoS MnoroHamioRaabnoii hovthi:: cFoaoca nopTH'iecKoronpiouca 3By>iajiii noBcewy Coro3y. Tewa Poamiu. Ti­ na 6ops.6bi c Bparow oaHtiaKOBo ?kh.’ih b crnxax Awima 3a.pe, Ca.io.Meu i pnc, H. Bapeca, 11 b no3Me KepOafiacna «Afiaap», h b Kiuire M;:prc:::*;ir «MecTi.» ii a «HacTynaeHHH» BoKOiiOaeBa. Tbophcctbo CjApaOxa.ina. :■ Jlioaaca FiipM, 11 Haiipii 3apb*nia, h rpnro.ia A6aoiHa3e HsseeToGmyio iiht- pHonciccKyio KanpaBaenKOCTb, xapaKTCpHO ofnuHM tcmaTHKecwiM Kpvro- 3opoM, itecMOTpa na pa3.in>nie rmcaxejibCKoii Maiicpu h cn.ibi oxoSpawenip!'. . Mach npojreTapcKoro HHTepxiauHOHa.iH3Ma b Ka3axci<oii nos3nn bo?hh'.i\\ .ler iiaxonnr oco6emio r.iyCoKoe BiapaiKoime b H3o8pa;Kennti repoen Oxo- ’lecTBeiiiioii Boiiiihi —npeflcxaBHTejieft paMiWHHX HanHoua.'ii.nocTeii. B imo- H3oeaeiniax Ka.iaxcKHxiiostob npeacTaraT MyacecTBemibie oOpasu 28 rnnp.i. 'r- neB-naminiaoBueB, Kamixana 1'acTeji.io, TyaereHa ToXTaposa, HypKeiia Ai.

Bo nropyio pcaaKunio 3tom nosMbi BHecewj OTAejibHue H3MeiieiiH3, chji* to armaor h iiesoTopbie crpottbi, Koropue b nepsoHanajibHOM Bapnain-e CHiPKaan ee Haefiiio-xyaoKacrBeicnoe 3By'iaHne. CoHCTaiiiic pea/iBcrmecKiix HaoQpaaiireai.Haix cpeacTB c TpaamiHUMH ycTHO-noBTHiiecKoro TBOprecTBa npn >i3oCpawemm raaBiioro repoa npH.taer eay CBoeo6pa3Kue HepTU. rimepGojiHmioctb, croJib CBoftCTBeraaa vcraoS no93Hii, TBop'iecKH ocBaHBacrcH noaroM h cnocoGcrayeT poMainwiecKofl npii- noanurocTii noBecTnoamian. Oaiiaito, acnoabayatpaflHUHH ycraoro TiiopuecT- ea, K. AMaHwaaoBk HexoropuMnpiiOMan4>ojibiuiopa noaouiea MexarmiecKH. TaK, no/ipaJKan npaeMaManoca, b kotopom no'irn nee BmmaHReyaeaHaocb B306pa*eHHio rjiaiaioro repoa, a ocra.ii.iiuc nepcoHawH Ghjih cTanpuuiMii, 9riH3ojumecKHMn, host oTpbiBaer o6pa3 cbootorepoa ot oKpywarouiefi cpeata « reM caMtJM H3o6pawaet ero HecxojibKo o6oco6jieciHo ot oxpyataiouieii o6cTaaoBKH. Ho caw repofi noBMU K. Ajiaiiwo-iosa Bbicrynaer aas rpa*aa- hkh, Kan HCTiiHFibjft cuh coBeTCKoro aapoaa. Obthmh3m, sepa b Oyaymee, poMaiiTH'iecKHii nai|>oc rayGoxo npacvuia sroMy npOH3Beflenmo. OaaoB «3 nepBHx b cobctckoB .nrreparype n03wa K. AMaHxwiosa npocaaMH.ia re- poirtecKHfi noaBHr aeflcTBareabHO cymecrayiowero Boima-naTpiioTa. 9t3 nosMa yTBepwaacT b Ka3axcKoft no33na Tpaaauaio H3oGpawecwa pea-nbHbiX repoeB BofiiiM. Ha III ci.e3ae rmcaTe-aeii Ka3axcrana (1954). noasoaHsureM htoth pa3BHTna KaaaxcKoii .iKTeparypu 3a noc-’icaiiHC 15 .’let, no3.«a Amsh- woaoBa, HecMOTpa aa ee oiaejibiibie BeaocraTKii, Gw-ia oTaeceiia x hhcji.y 3HaaaTeabHbrx AOCTHweHHft Ka3axcKoii AHTeparypui. Bbicoxlift ormiMH3MKa.iaxcKoft noMiw BHpawaaca ne Toabxo b yBepeH- noirTHb noGeae naa Bparow, ho h b BocneBaima ueuTbi coBercxoro xeaose- Ka o MnpiioM C03naaTeJibii0M Tpvae. B cthxotbopchhh n03Ta-t|»p0HT0BHKa C. CeuTOBa «ZIyMa o hhiickhx GoAorax* (dliiHCK GamaFU -rypaati oft», 1944), nocBamemioH noimaM, HaxoasuiHMCfl na nepeaiieM xpae h Me'iraio- miiMoG ocymemni Gojiot h BbipauiHBamiH na btoA 30M.rie xae6a, H3o6pa Kaerea coBeTCKHft coaaaTc ero avm3mho ceMbe, o aOMe. Acrop noauepKH- Baer, 'ITO paTHbifl Tpyjj Ou.i ajih Hero aoporoft k MHpHOMy co3Haaie.ibHOMy Tpyay nocae noGeau. Hosbift ayxoBHbift noabeMcoBfiTCKoroHapoaa, Bbi3BamuiHKopeHHbiMne- peaoMOM e xoae Bofiiibi, pa3rpoMOM neMeuKO-tfiauiHCTCKHX iiojibhiu, H3fHa- iihcm hx H3 npeaejioB coBeicxoft crpanu b nepexoaon Haxnefi ap>imi 3a rpa- miubi PonHHbi Ana ocBofiojKfleiiHH iiapoaoB EBponbi rjiyGoKO orpa3Hjica bo Bceii coBercKof) jiHTeparype. BceMiipiio-HCTopmecxaH ocBoOoaiiTejibnaa mhc- chh coBeTCKoro Hapoaa caeaa.ia eiue GoaeeMiioroo6pa3nofi r.irpiiorii'iecKyio TCMaTHKy B Ka3aXCKOfi COBBTCKOft IT033HH. OcoGemio c foabmoft rop/iocTtio mica.ia bobth o tom, 'ito coBeTCKHi'i napoA noGeaH.i b BeaHKofi OTeqecrBeHHofi Boftne G.iaroaapa Myapowy pyxo-

r s . ™ p= - . s : . r . v . s & s s a t a s s % & s s s s s z * & .... Pommy, paccKa3UBaior o ryMaHH3Me coBercKHX .iio.ieii, Benin Ebpoiih ocBo6o*flenne or ipauiHCTCKoro raera. B cruxoTBoiieim ckoh fleByiune» (cMaabtip KM3biHa») A. Capcenfiaeua pacKpiiiia MymeCTBa couKajuicra'iecKoro crpoa, 0110 npoHHKHyro 'iv'cran aa aauiy BejiHKyio Pommy, cnaciuvK) miBH.iHsaumo Ebpoiim oi > . Bpa,\\ Mach npoaerapcKoro HHTepHaunoHa.iH3Ma H couna.ificTH'ic- im3Ma r.iyfiOKO oTpaiKaioTca b npoH3BeaenHsx KaoaxcKiix I'oviiw Hbix ocboCowachiiio napoAOB Esponu. OcofiewHo 3h;!'i;;to.n.:i'. oriiouienHH HBJiiiiOTCfl UHK.1H crHXOTBopeaEii A6y Capceiioaciia, o Baaaroiie* (cBaaanm wbipjiapbis), p. <Ba.'iKaiicr.oii naene.< wupaapus) Hapyrux nosr ii» xo.iht Kpacciaue aera.m. c noj.om nepc.iacr Hauiioaa.ibHuii kojiopht * h3hh sthx HapOAOB. Kaanxc pa3BiiBa.ua Tpamiumi 30-x 10403, k o w >xn3Hb h GopoGa aapyfio: jiob 3a cboio cbo6o4v h neaaBiicHMOCTp HaxoAii.ia srpuoe orprixi roMBC-ieHllblX CTHX01BOPCrllHEX. PeBOJUOHHOHHblf! 0BTHMH3M KB3aXCK0ft II033I-.II C OCOunii i; BH-icB b criixOTBopemiHX o noGeae: «flpy>K6a» («ZIocthx») A. feroBii. .floiiB no6cw» («/Kenic kvhi») )K. Ca.ma, «noGc,;„i> A AGiuicBa. «3a noOeays («>Keuic vipiiii) A, CapceHSaesa, uyp.niMs («CaMypaMbtii caaaflu*) r. OpManopa. HcBTb! c.irr B03raatuiBuiyK> cobctckbS iiapoa h npHBemuyio ero K noGe.ne B criixoTBOpeHHBx T. XapoKOBa <JIkj5bk h apv»:6h («A0CTbiK non Maxa66arrbiH. cayiTaHatbi*), C. CeHTOBa «Pyecxc («Ophic xa/n<.bma»), X- My.’i.iara4ne;ia «CnacH6o ti:6o, nam (•HaxMCr, Y.ITN Jleiiiiiwiii!*) h ,'ipyrnx npocaaE-meTCP Be.ni liapoji, ero Oecnpn,vepHbiii repoiraM, CToEKoerb. hchui'i yw. tax BHBiimei'B 11 roabi BaimKoii OreaeCTBemicii bohhh. KaaaxcKilii nosaaa Boemiux jieT curpajia flojibujvio po.ib Poamic h^VKonMHMTay\"ii\"H\"ciHTi’,iMecn™of“l,nxscp\"THBH.AJ'Xe npejWHHOCTH COUIIi Pa3BHBaorcfl aiiraiPaimicTCKaa campa. CaTHpimecxue n Bpara' coaaaioTca h nosrajm, .1 HapoaHHMii -■ ,UHpOKOe pacnpocTpaiieime bo 4>pohtobom KasaxcKo'i MCTKHe noc-TOBHUbi, KyiLiera-.ieTiiepocTHiima necHH-Macrviiir-/ ja aaxBaTHHKOB-rpaGHTe.'iefl, noKasuna.iii. Kax yiiHMTo>Kai k Geryr 3axBaT-iHKn n * yaapaMH cobetckhx bohhob. iCTHe npmuiMa.nn Ka3axcxr.e n<

BHKH, KoppecnoHAeHTH(pporiTOBbix raaer. C iitwofi cwiofi B03p'o*AaXKCb rpa- AHUHHGoeBOil^lIOMHH rpaWAailCKoii BOfiHM, pa3BHBaAHCb rpa.IHUHH f)H4yiO- Ka3axcKa« noasHHjthx apt CTpeMHTeabHo pocJia h uonOAimaacb hobm- mhmoaoahmh CHaaMH, cpeAH KOTopbix ocofiemto iipohbh.ih ceOa b roau Bofl- nu CupGaft MayjieHOB, >Ky6an MyAaaraAHeB, a Taxwe 3hhui Ka.iayoBa (1921 — 1952), KOTopaa b MiioroMHC.iemiux jihph(icckhx cthxotbopchhbx CTpeMHTca r.iyOoKO pacKpbiTb SoraTuii ayxoBHUH mhp cobbtckoto iwroBeKa, ero MhtcJiH h lyBCTBa (criixoTBopemis «XOiy» («KyTeMin»). «ilyMa Mare- pa* («AHa onus). B K33axcKoA n<mnn nepHoaa Bp.iihkoh OreiecTBeHHofi Bofiiiw ycneiu- iio paaBUBa^iHCb ace waupbi, nanarumBa.iiicb noBtre H3o6pa3iiieJibiibie cpeA- B 3th rop.br 3aMenio nponBii.iocb xyaowecrBeimoe MacrepcTBO Ka3axcKHX nosTOB, oGoraTH.ica hx noSTit'iecKHfl caoBapb. B aero bxoaht panee tie ynoT- pe&aaBiDKecH c.iona, ymeAOHcnoAb3yi0TCSi Boenabie TepMHHbi (6poHe6oiiuinK. nporaBOTaHKOBbie opyAaa, aBTOMaTPHK, yamHUfi 6oii, rBapAeeu), peaaiicTH- iccKHeAeTaAH <|>pohtoboh oficTanoBKH. [IpoaBAHioTca iroBbie Mera4npu, srw- rera, hx HOBbie coaeTarms, nanpuMep. «repofi-rBap.Aeeu». «ropoA-repoii» aApyrae. TBopnecKH ocBaiiBaioTca iiosTaMH rpaaimHomibre ripneMU ijioabKAopa. nocjioBimbi, ar))opH3Mbi. HenocpeACTBeiiHo b reiscre Hcnoab3yioTCH ikmihth- ■recKHe .io3ynrn. XapainepHofi ocofJeiiHOCTbio Ka.aaxcKofi no33«a aB-iaeTCH ycBjieimo* ee .nyC-iMisicTtnecKoro Haia-ia, iweft coiiHa.iHCTHiiecKoro rywa- HH3Ma. TeMa .ho6bh k PoariHe a neiiaBHCTH k ee BparaM Bupaxtae-rCH He iwihKO tepe3 AKpimecKiifi o6pa3, a npe/N.ie acero nyre\\i boccosahhiih co6h- paieiibHoro o6pa3a coaeTCKoro iiapoaa. Pea-incnnecKaa KOHKpeTtroCTb onn- camiaco6biTHii h o6pa30BrcpoeB oT.in'iaeT nosni'iscXoe TBop’iecriio sthx Jier. C Apyrofl CTopoHM, b npnuecce pa3Bimm Ka3axcKOil no33i«i bmhbh.-ihcb ee cymecTBeriHbie HeAocraTKH. Oahhm H3 mix SBAaeTca npeoG-iMAaiiae sac- MeHTOB(pOAbK.aopa b o6pa3Hofi CHCTeMe paaa npoH3Be,ieniiii. «BaTbip», «nH- aa»,«KHHwa,i», «Mea» c.ivwaT b hhx ochobiiumk H3o6pa3iiTe.ii.KMMHepeaer- BaMHnpw oriHcaHKH BoeHHbix cofibiTiifi. Bjiecro Toro. 'itoGbi HCKarb HOBbie toCKa3biBa.iocb orCTaBaime iliopMbi ot co.iepwaiiHSi. 3ro ocofiemio xapaKTepHO a-ih npoH3iieAeiiHii iiexoTopi.ix iiapoaiibix aKtiiiOB, kotopwe lie yunbiBaAH cOBpeMemiyio BoeHH.yio ofiCTaiiooKy, a hc- K0.ib30Ba.iH ycTapeBuiHe npweMbi (po.ii.K-'iopa p H3o6pa>i<emiH bochiimx Aeii- ctbhB, HanpHMep. b nosxiax «F>aTbtp Ma.iNKs )K. /KattxoGcTCBa. «PepoR Ty- aereH* H. BaflMyparoBa h ap\\thx. Kor/ia am we axbiiiu ofipauiaioTca k H3o6paweHHio Tbiaa, hx npoH3BeaeHHa or.iii'iaiOTca motkoctwo nora.iefi, pea- •IHCTHHHOCTblO. B Ka3axcKoA H033hh rioaBii.iHCb OTAC.ibiiuc ppoHSBeAeHHn, ciiafiue b HAefino-xyaowecTBCHHOM oTHOUieiiHH. Hanpiiwep, n noaxic «MaBAan6ei<» 3- AfiaaeBa npeofi-iapa.i cxeMamiM. iuTa\\in, noiiepxiioc.Tiio oTpawaJmcb co- f)bnnKTex act; b noiMe T. >Kapoi<OBa «nef.mi n 3oe» («3oh Typaau wup») He 6ma co3uaH rio.iHOHeiiHbiii xy.'ioweCTBCmibiii u6pa3 rAaBiiofi reponHH, na noaMe -iewHT oTne'iaxoK xpoiiHKaAbHocra h yiipomeii<iecTBa. OTAeAbnue nosThi ne H36e>c<aAH cepbe3nux cpbiBOB. Tan, b nosniax M. XaKHMwaiioBoii «Mamiiyi(», K- CaTbifia-i.iHiia «Aahh» HCKaweHiio npeA- CTauAHioTCH hctokh repoH3Ma coBeTcKHX AeBynieK-narpHoroK. Hodth Haxo- AHTBXHe BCOBCTCKofl AeflCTBHTeAbHOCTH, Hy ABAeKHX IIpeAKOB, CpaBIIHBaiOT hx aaiue Bcero c ApeBHHMHanii'iecKHMH reponMH hah oto/Kacctbahiot c or-

ibiMH HCTopimecKHMH jihuhoctsimh (xaHaun. <t><Kuaaa- Oaiihm iw xapaKTcpiiu MOM6HTOBpa3BI(THH KaSaXCKOfi n0331!ll BB.lBCTCfl bm maooOorameHiie c ycriio-noBTHiccKHU TBopuecTBOM u p r a w , ‘ b ^ h- ___ e OCBOCHHfl MCTOfla- comra^iicniiecKoro peaflH3Ma. B ncpno.i » mh- koh C)Te>iccTBeHHoli BofiHti TpaiuuiiiH K33axcKU': nn»»nn pea.iHC 0Ka3b(Ba-n( CaaroTBopHoe miiiHime Ha tbophcctdo nap aaeuiHx pua KpynHux jiHpo-annuecKHx uobm. nc»Ma I wa «rieci(H o Gaiupe> («Ep Typaahi )Kfjp», 1942) — no_93HHnobMoibiHhahiboimx<i—iolicr.nBooc6npcaB3aaoxnnoo.irinoir121S3 hux nojieiiiifl o naiaxcKofi n..a..il.^.l.H.J.I.O.B..U..C.B..,...O.K.b..lH........ IUpr>-r6a« EcGy.iaroea Beayiaeft HMed noiMiu HoiuacB ocoGchko pyccKoro K.i<rtKOBn h ttaaaxa Ecfly.iatOBa. , 1“■( '' >m xapjKropiia ptajmertiieCKaa TpanTOSKa oSpaton i — nyGokO pacxpwTk rix *G-o-r-a-r-u-f*i flyxoBiiuf*i Miip. floav jemnx Apyrax auiaoa —A *a i»6y.ia. M Baiba*ooa. T Knuaiiw . pKGarna. omymaetc* naeraoc b.immhh» wunaii iccko.’i mupu.- \"••( n Bupawaa Baanaa «apo.ia. ahuhu o6paiuft.iiiCb n c.umx >■-. • aytuKu icwau coaptuesHOcni. H.iefliio-roiaTH>icn<oe co iti»s ......•> oSyc.icajiHBaaoca aajaaaMH. cToauitiMH acpfi coa’. i . -' iU oAM uaa aKUHauu Goiah coiaauu « W « t f ii.'iHr i-.-i\" . cupGaen c-'.orarr no»ay «Myoa6eK c;e«rai>6ac»» (1912- 191 :i. . r — .Kamiian racic-uo* (1941). Phj darpHOTH'ii'Ckitx cr.iM-fnop. i • i.ucaiii Ombp UIh.ikh Hea Bafiaakoa. IIooum u TBOparcrar xapoaHtax axbmoi aroro iirp'KMi :nu »io IKlfCTpOlMHia* OTft»T» CT TVajMUKOMHMX DpHCMOR n (13o6p.1-.-l : ■■to iKUauri. kapTMMGoa h aupajHTb jto pea.iMCTHieci.M. pac^pucb > uati uup repoea. xoia bo uhothx npoioiitseHBai rcpoii ace-Tai.fi up , pMOTca a CTH-ic no»u leiamiccKoro snora. B nucru neceu awanu nem: craenno OfOtouaioT aaMHCAuwe no.nnnaecrjfe loayiirn. packpuaaa nv iciiiie b xy.iowecTBeHHUx o6pa3ax. 3aMenioe npecC.iaaaHHe npu oCpii Bpara naiyuaiOT campii'iccKne s-ieMenm. Tbopmcctbo iiapoaiibix a«biHOB H.ueao Go.ii.uioe SHaueHue. noTOvj SBxaacb HciiocpeacTnemio uciiauHHTeAHMHcboiix npoii3B?-emif( b i:o.i’ ayaax, na (JjaGpiiKax, annum G&mii MaccoauMH arirratopaMU cpe.T.i t imoC'ioi.cT(|Si|i)aoaimiTiysriia(axoltjruabciiui)jkbhibcouDhoobt,kjhihxkByUKCaT3ynaaxecmKoisriohbnaK„puoo...iaAxaoU.3Janx, npsiabiub: B ncpHOA BeauKOfi Oie'iecTBeHiiofi boJiiiu mnimiHe pyccxofl nosum up luxruiin n m ....™ . „e TO-IbKO B HneSlIO-TCMaTHUecKOH OTHOUlCIlilll. Ilo liailGoaee nni,™™,.,, JK®UB0M BXaaaxCKOli JlHTCpaType, KoropKli flbi.-[ Z lv Z . B 'WCfluo-xvflojKecTBCnHOM oTHouiemw k peuiciimo HMe-na y *e CS011COBCTCKH™CT“p»aa«miH\" n. a»a»K»p»e\"iu«iemibie b »em-n 90 ■< roaoB. iiaKonaciiHbie xyaowecTBeHiiue nemiocTii P' A Ux B 0 ^ ^ 3 B HCn8r ; Z “ r 3H\" B nep,IOA Bmhko« Owecrncmor-

msmchhux npH3biooD cobctckiix iiaTRHOTOB. noaymaa pacupocrpaueiiiie h rpajiHUKoimaa (JiopMa cmxoTBopiioro nocaamia c Qpoirra is raa h c Thijia na(jipoHT. 3th nocJiaiiHHoT.ima.incb bucokhm KH3H.eyTBepwAcmie.vi, xoth bo MiiorHXH3 hhx rosopoiiocb o cypouux Coax, o paaayxe c Cjiii3khmh, oTocne no poflHofi 3e.MJie, He -Kwibxo aitbiiibi. ho h hostu C03aauajM b stii roabi naTpHOTHiecKHe npOHSBeaeiiHn b (fcopMe roaray. Kax h-b aaBUHc BpeMena, »wnpoBH3amin HBaaaacb oauoK 113 xapax-repubix (Iiopm nyC-niHHUX BHcryn- .leHii#xaaaxcHHX aictmoii h hostob (H. BaibaxoB a ap.)- HsinpoBMHpoBaH- HMeBMCTynaemia nepea iimpoxofi avaHTopHeB c naipHOTHiecKHMii iipoh3bc- Hi pa.iH Coabiuyio arnTamioHiiyio poab b roau boBhm. Akuhij iicno.iHa.iH ripoH3BeaeHHfl repoHqecxoro snoca, HacumeHHbie haciimh naTpHo- TB3M3, CBoCoao.iicC-Hfl, lienaBHCTH k aaxBaTiHKavT, BocneBa.iH repoeB-ippoH- TOBHKOB, repOBB-TpyWeHHKOB. rio33iia ne TOJibxo aBaaaacb BeayuiHM bhaom, ho h bo mhotom onpeae- .ma nyra pa3BHTiia MoaoaoS xa3axcxofi amepaTypbi. TBopnecreo iiostob h HapoflHbix aKbiHOB, b nepByio oiepcab Hapoaaoro nenua /Iwavidy.ia, Hrpa.no Coabiiiyio MoCH.iH3yioiuyio poab. Oho npH3UBaao k CopbCe. nonmiviaao ay- JOBiiue chaw cobbtckhx moaeR. Kasaxcsaii cosercKaa nos3HH crpeMH.iacb pacxpbiTb b nepnoa BenaxoB OTeqecTBemtott boBhh cboh HaKCo-ieeciuibHue ctopoiibi, pasBHTb ayqrnne rpajuinsiH. B roabl BeaHKofi OreqecTBeHHo0 Boiiiiu b Ka3axcxoft cobotckoSjm-repa- lype3HaiHTeabH0 oxpen.iH h aKTHBH3HpoBa;mcb npo3a, nyCaHiwciHKa, apa- MaiyprHH. Kax h bo BceBconeTCKOfl aHTeparype, nyC.iHUHCTHKa e xa3axcxoft .nttepaiype ciaaa naHConee onepaTHBiiuM waHpoM, oTxaHxaioiaHMCfl na co- 6uthh BoeHHbix Jier. 3aMevaTeabHwe na-rpHOTHiecKHe BhrcTyruiemin A. Toa- ctoid, H. 3pen6ypra, JT. Jleoiiona, M. IHonoxoBa, A. CepaijiHMOBHqa, B. BauiKeBCKoro, G. rop6aTOBa, B. I'poccviaiia yqiura nncaTeaefi 6paTCKHx jih- repaiyp axTHBHOMy cayweHHio Po/ihhc caosoM-opywHeM. nyCaamicrHiecKHe ctaibHKa3axcKHX UHcaieaefi nosiBJi(botch c nepaux aHeB bohhu. HepC3 He- Koropoe Bpewa nyCaHKyiorca y«e a o'icpkh hpaccxaiw o (ppomoBOfi « h3hh, o doenoMonbire cobctckhx coaaaT, o hx bohhckhx noaBHrax; k xoimy bo8- abi co3aaioTca npo3aH>iecKHe npoiKBenemia CoabuiHX cjiopM. TaaaHTjiHBbiM nyd.imiHCTOM iipoflBua ceda mo.io,ioii nncaTe.n.-(j>poHTo- »as BayGex ByaxHUieB (1917— 1943), BUcrynHBUiHfi c B3BO-naonambiMH narpHOTimecxHMHcTaraaMH, c oqepxaivm o MywecTBeHHbix canepax—cbohx ujaono.maiiax. XlyxoBKoe CoraTCTBO, Bbicoxne nopa.ibm.ie xaqecrea cobctcko- ro aeaoBexa npoaii.iaiOTCfl b sthx npoii3Be.ienaax BOHiia xa3axa, nanHcair- Hbixb ochobhom no-pyccKH HonvCaHxoBaHhux b «KoMCOMoabCxoff npaBae» b 1942 roay. B cepHHcraiefi — xoay WHTbb, «I\"Ihcl.mo cuHy Boctoxa®, «XH3Hb, Moaoaewb, npiiHaflaewBT naM», «Cayuiafl, KaBxa3» —B. By.ixH- uieB npH.ibiBaer cOBCTCKyx) MOJioaewb x repoH'recxoii CopbCe c eparov bo axa caoCoabi h He3aBHCHM0CTii Poamibi. Muc.ib o CyaymeM, CBeraufl onTH- KB3Monpe,leaner >Kii3MeyTsep/KflaromHfl nacfcoc sthx CTaTeft, B upoHHKHyrofi HeHaBHcibio x neMeuxo-itiaBiHCTCKiiM 3axBa™KaM nyC- •iHUHCTHxe B. By.iKHOieBa oOiiapywiiBaxiTca HOBbie lepra, pa3BHBaiouiHecH a aroT nepHoa b xaaaxcxoft aHicpaType: nyCiHUHCTHHecxan 3aocrpe!inocTb daHOBHnacb xapax-repHofi lepTOii hc Toabxo no33HH, ho h npo3u. nHca-reaii iifcipawajiH CBoe axTHBiioe oTiiomeHHe x acficraHTeabHocra, naeam hctoph- 'lecKHnpaBflHByx) oueHxy coCuthhm, (|)a«TaM, aioanM. nyCaHUHCTH'iecxne craTbK B. ByaitHnieoa HamicaHbi b ayxe aynniHX rapbKOBCXHX TpaanuHS— couHaaHCTHMecxoro ryMaHH3Ma, caywemis Hapo- ny, HenaBHCTH x BparaM. Ohh npH3bmaaH k decnouiaanoft CopbCe c 3axBaT- 4\"xaMH bo hmh TopixecTBa ca.Mofl JXH3HH, CBeiaoro qeaoBeqecKoro pa3yMa, wcth h He3aBHCHM0CTn Poarabi. U,eHTpaabHo8 HaeeB <iepe3 Bee ero craTbH 77



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(1042) o noABHie yKpamtcKOfi naTpHOTKH, B3°pBaBmeft Mamie UKa , tudom HaxoAHJiHCii (baiuHCTU. B paccKa3eMKflHMa» (1944) mcaxv ... nona 3U.iaex oCpai hoboA*eHiuaiiH KaaauiKii,Koxopasr, ‘ p;.'. ^ ,loroCH ro cwiia, ycuHOBHjia Tnme.io paHe.ioro Bomia, MyweCTBea l ‘ \" _ aa Po.imiy. Tewa Poiaabi-MaTepH b cobctckoh ^arepaType aru.v 3uoaetca c o6jwkom MaTepa-naTpaoTKH, no«nnBiiiencH aa 3aui > . JKH3.IH, caacTba cbobx lereii. TeMa caMOOTBep>xennoro ' xapaKtepHofi TBopnecTBa MycpenoBa ewe b AOBoeimuii 1111 , ni.caxe.ib mhoto pafioTa.i uaa ocBoeuaeM ropbKOBCKiix Tpa,umm.. roau ona iiaiiowm.iaci, aoBbiM repoHiecwiM coaepwaiineM. ■ rioao>KHTejibHo8 nepToS ayuuiHX paccwwoB T. Mycpemma, 3aMemo bu- aeawowaxcH no MacrepcrBy b Ka3axcK0fi npo3e BOeHHUX mct. >m.iiicivil mwa3 toSopraiiHHecKoS cbi.3h, Koropaa cyiuecTByer Mcxyiy narpiioin'ieewiMii noc- tynKaMH coBetCKoro nenoBexa a ero connaancinnecKiiMii iiiea.inuii. Ili.ea- Te.ib noKa3biBaeT sto, pacKpHBaa BHyTpeHHHii Map reposi. Oiikiko ero pac- CKa3 «AKjiHMa» ire .ihwch aeKOTopofi HaayMaHHOCTH, B.iCMCiirois c.'iy>iaimocTil b nocTpoeHHH ciowera. HeaocTarKH Taxoro xapanrepa CBoftcrBcmibi b iiojiom m paccKaay A. AOH- uieBa «CapataH» (1944), noTopwii i.acbiweHCJiy>iaiiHbiMH, ncowiwnimusm co- 6HTHHMH (OCo6eHHO BOUTOpOfl PaCTa), MHOrOHHC3ieHllblMII aiiropeKII'lll OT- CTyn-ieiiaaMH h Heo6n3aTetfbHHMH HeTajisMii, KOTOpwe pa3|)bix.imor KOJino- 3HUKK) iipon3BeaeHmi. CtpcmvIchhc aBTopa npa noMom.i btiix npneMoii co3- aa-rb HJIJ.103HK) AOKyMOiiraJibHOCTH He aocrarao uejin. Kposie Toro. u aroM npoHBH.1HCb H peUHXHBb! iiaxypajiH3Ma. npeoCjiafla.ine npoii3BeAeHH(i uawx i!>opM Ha TeMU (|>poiiTi>Bofi willmi npeacTan.'i51.10 xapaiuepuyio ocoCeimocTb Ka3axcKofi npoau bociihoio Bpc.vie- hk. Ona lie no/iHH.iacb ewe no Gojibwnx anaiecKiix o6oCu.eni.ii b wanpe po- Maaa ana noBecra. 0 repoauecKofi 6opb6e CoBe-rcKofl A pmiw na ippo.iTO no 6ujio co3na..o iih o.inoro no.monei.Horo KpynHoro npoii3iie.ie!imi. IloneCTt. T. Mycpenoea «Ka3axcxa8 6ar.jp* (1944) o coCbiT.is.x .loen.ibjx .ict bu.io.i - imaa pojib pa3Bej>.HKa 3to8 reMU. no.ioiKnTe.ii.Hoii CTOpoHof. 3Toii nonecTM BBH.iocbto, <ito oaa BiiepBue b aa3axcKofl npoae Oojibwoii t|>opMbi i.noGpa- xcajia coBeTCKoro nc.ioeeKa aa Boii.ie, a ero BoeaHbiii noiBar— Kan npo.io.i- *enue rioiBHra TpyaoBoro. nacaiejib crpeMH.icn noaa3aTb paaonux boiiiiob, kx nei.aBHCTb a Bpary n -i.oCOBb a comiaJHicTK’iecKOH PoAiwe. PoHB.ioinie SToro npo.i3BeaenHB, nporoTimoM rjiaBHoro repoa aoToporo hbiitioci, pi hocywecTBOBaBU.ee -inno, b ycaoBnax bobhhux .ict CBH.icTe.ibcTBOBa.io MaTit'.eCKOM pocre aa3axcaoB npo3bi, o bobux ee BO3MO«oi0crax, aor xapaiocp.woBajiBCb HacTofiniBbiMH noacaaMH b craaanm' o6pa3a no.ioii.ni TC.in.noro repoa, npw co'ieTaaaH pioKyMeiiTa.itiiocTH c xyaoiaecTBemibiM nu MHc.ioxt. y.ia'iao 6buia K36paaa aBTopow cliopMa iiOBec/nionamin—or ncpao ro.lima. 3to npma.to noBecTa reiuiory a xmphsm. O.inaKO anrop npeiMep. orpauii'iii.i noi<a3 BoeHBux coSuthB, coean hx k Hecico.ibKHM bochhum an 3oaaM. CepbeaabiM hmoct8tkom noBecra hbwich c.ia6b!H noaa3 pyKOBoionr. Hopraiiinyiomen poaa KoMMVHHCTHuecaoft napTaa. rincaTe.ib ho CMor pe iHCTimccaii a3oopa3HTb ippoiiToeyio o6cTaH0BKy a BBe.i r noBccri, m i n i nueanHioilu. KopeimbTHo6pa3os,i nepepa60Tam.aa, noBecn, Buuwa noi wa - S i S S K S J S S S S l” “ -“ “ \" * * m y m \" * « “ W imrn,lTamwaeTvrL'Zu''ra COBe^ K0r0 HaP°®a a Be.iHKoft OTe-iccTBCHiioS HHc r<ll1l^”, Hae^ ^ flS v KnonBa^3'la^aTbIBaTbC>, Bnp03e no3-lHce. b noc.ienoeH- \" ' S “ nBC nP0H3Beie\"HHMii o ''BeniiKofl*CTtcm^BeH^ioii0boAh\" JutTYniror Py nacarejia, HaxoiaBmaeca na iJipoHTe b coctaae rnapaeiicKor.' riaH-

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0 CTpeMJieHHH COBCTCKHX JiioAei! II a (JipoHT, 'iro6u pa36nrb n 4>aUJHCTCKHX 3aXBaTBHK0B. Tewhi npH3biBa b apMHio, MoGHAinaimH na cpponr HMe-iw b AHrepatype Ka3axcTaHa h Cpejmefl A3hh ocofioe 3Byaaime, ran KaK no poBo.iiomni npea- craBHTaiiB sthx oKpaHHMJX pa/ioHOB Pocchh b apMHio ne npinbma.-JHCb, a b 1916 rcwy uapcKoe npaBHTe/ibCTBO, GoacbAosepHTb «HHopoauaM» opywae, «peKBB3HpoBajio» hx iia TbiaoBue paGorhi b npn<|ipoHTOBO0 noaoce. Boemiasi saiimra couBajiHCTHiecKoii Poahhu ot (fjauiKCTCKHX aaxnaTiH- KOBcrajia r.’iaBHoii honpoaeJiHiomefi reMoS juia jiBTepaTyp bccx napoaoB na- rnero MHoroiiaiuioHa.ibiioro rocyaapcrB.a. K niTHKy ripHpaBHHB uepo. oobct- cxae xyaojKHHKH caosa, KaK H BCe coBercKne jiioah, c nepuux we Alien uoh- hu Bee cboh chah h aapoBaHne CTajia oraaBaTb AeJiy pa3rpo.ua npara. BoeH- Koe BpeMB nocTaBH.io nepea AHTepaTypofi rpaimno3Hbie 3aaa>in, HBii.ioCb cypoBofi npoBepKofi ee KaiecTB, ho b to we ope.wsi Aano jiirrcpaType iieiic- aepnaeMbifi MaxepHaa flJia C03AaHHH repoH'iecKoro, MywecTncmioro oGpa3a coBeTCKoro 'icjioBCKa. «B qac HcnbiTaHaS* (tCun cararra*) —TaK na3biBaerc(i nbeea M. Aya- 30Ba, co3AaHHaH b 1941 roay. OHa sBH-iaCb oahhm H3 nepoux b lcaaaxcKoft jiBreparype MiioroanTiibix ApaMaTypriiieCKiix iipoH3BeAeimii o Boiilie. Abtop nbecu crpeMBTCH pa3o6paTbca b cMtacae co6biTHft, pacKpwrb xapaiiTCp co- BercKHXjiioflofl, noK33axbHepa3pHBHyio cusabipponra h Tbuia, Goeityio Apy«- 6y AioaeB pa3Hux naanona.ai>nocrcft. B lac HCnuTaHHii secb itapo.l nanpsr cbohycHAHH Aah pa3rpOMa Bpara: oahh yiuan Ha cJipoHT, Apyrne caMOornep- weimo TpyAHAHCb b TUJiy. IIpohcxoaht npoBepi<a KaiecTB h HyBCTB cobct- ckhx jnoaeii. Otxoaht Bee MeAKoe, HaHOCHoe, noBepxHOCTHoe, bhhbahiotch xapaKTepu. M. Ay330B noKa3biBa<*T, KaK b TaKofi nepeAOMHbiii, OTBercTBeHHbiii Ann AlOAefi MOMeHT OHH HpaBCTBeHHO «npOCBCTAHIOTCH». OpHMHpHetCH Ha (jjpoa- Te weHuuiiia-Bpa'i Ha3bin co cbohm Tflweao panciibiM MyweM MaHopoMHyp- AanoM, c KOTopMMoHa pa3BeAacb ao BofiHU. flbeca «B <iac HcnuTaHiiiU m.aa ua cueHe k333xckhx rearpoB h HMeAa cepbe3Hoe arHTannomioe 3Ha>ienH0. Ka3axcKan AHTepaxypa cme b 30-x roAax HaKonHAa noAOWHteAbHua onuT b pa3pa6oiKe TeMhi 3aiuuTbi Poahhh. Ha cueiie kb3bxckhx Teaxpon BTeroAU 6buiH HiicucaiipoBanhi «ManaeB», «Msxew» ZI- Oypi-iaHoisa, nocTaa- aeHbi nbecu «JIio6onb flpoBaa*. K. TpeHeiia (nep. M. Ay33oBa), «He.ioBCK c pywbew® H. noroAHHa (nep. H. flioceHGaeBa, III. XycaHHOBa) h Apyrne. Bo BTopoft noAOBHHe 30-x roAOB M. Ay330B nanHcan nbecy «Ha rpannue» A. AGwuieB— m>ecy «3a PoABHy!», Koropue npn3biBajiH k GmiTenbHOCTH KooeBofi roroBHocTH b cjiyaae nanaAeiiHH aparoB. B stot nepHOA Ka3axcKHe nHcaTeAH, Kan h mHorne apyrne xyaowHHKH naiueft CTpaHbi, co3AaiOT ueaufl pw npoH3BeAeHHii 0 coGuthhx b Hcnaima, AGhcchhhh, 11a XaAXHn-ro-ie T'TOJa D3H H T' B\" ®Ce 310 roB°PHT 0 T°“ . ITO K OTOGpaweHHIO BOeHHOft roSwieHa Ka3axCKaa “ \"epaTypa Gtiaa b onpeAe.iemtofi cTeneHH hoa- Hapoaa 1 3cypacTHQCTbto OTHnbecu aaBoeBa.iH npH «aHHe IBCCCP. :e ApaMaTyprHH 1 ABTepatypax 11a- TpeGoBaTeAbHaakphthkb oGmecTBeiiHoc™ nepBbix onHo.WT»u, „ HC03A3BaAHCb, r a, yMO3pHTeAbH0, HBAHHCb HJIOAOM(JiaimMHHBH-

caieaefi, to Te, hto Guam KaimcaHbi no3we na ocHOBe npaBAHBoro H3o6pa- jKeana peajibHLix coOuthh, oTJiH'iaAHCb Goabuiofl aocTOBepnocTtro. 3to bhaho Ha npimepe apaMu M. Ay33oaa h A. AGmueBa «rBapana necTH* («HaMbic rBapaHacbi*. 1942) —ayauieS nbecu b KasaxcxoB apaMa- ryprHHBoeHHwx aer. B ee ocHOBe jieinaT ywe nojjiHHHue coGuthb H3 hcto- PBh repoH'iecKOii naHcpiuoBCKOii ahbh3kk. r.iySwe pacKpfaiBaiorca 3arpo- Hyrae Bonpocu. 05pauienHe apar-iaTyproB x noKa3y peaabiiux, H3BCCTHUX iiapoay moaeft eme Go.ibine ycHjiHBaao BocnHTate/ibHyio aefiCTBCHHOCTb B naece sTBapaiis qecTH* ruioaoTBOpiibiMoxa3aaocb coaBropCTBOAByx xpasiaTyproB, Bcnoab30BaBUiHX naKonaeiiiiufl xa3axcKoB h Bcefi coBercxoft jOBOOiuioii jiHTepaTypoS onuT b pemcmiH ieMbi 3auiHTbi Poahhu, a Taxnce BJHSHiie ayHuiHX npoH3Bej.eiiiiA coBeTcxofi apanaTyprHH BoeiiHbix Aer. B nbece M. Ay33oaa a A. AGmueBa «raapflHS qecTH* noAHHMaaca paa BonpocoB, bo MiioroMo6whx ana Bcefi cosetcKofl .iHTepaTypbi uoeiiHoro Bpe- Mean: bohuckoc MaCTepcTBO KOMananpa, neoGxoAHMOCTb noanmeims boah BTAeabHbix jiioacft BMCMacc h ueAecoo6pa3Hocrn oGihhx AcficTBiiii, jHCUHn- XHaa, ocnoaaiman Ha C03HBT£AbH0CTH; noxaa caMOOTBepweKtioA GopbGw co- BeTCKHXJHO/iefi. JIpaMaTypra CTpcMsiTCfl nponHKiiyri. b ncHXOAormo repoeB, no-nacToaiueMy pa3o6paTbca b HCTOxax oTeara h bochhoB aoG-iccth codct- ckhxbohhob. B nbece «rsapAHH lecra* ocoGonoAiepKHBaeTCH, no repoH3M cobbtckhx Aioaefi He aBAaerca BpowaeHiibiM hjih CAyiafiiibiM, oh— pe3yjib- taToco3nahhopo aoara, pe3yabTaT coBeTcxoro naTpH0TH3Ma, KOMMyHHcraqe- cxoro BocnHTaiiHH. B ocHOBe cioweTa nbecu «rRapaiiii >iecra> aokht Bonpoc o ahciumah- Heh BocnHTaHHH coBeTcxoro BOHHa. Oahh h3 ueiiTpajibHbix nepcoHawefl nsecu— cBoeixpaBHHBh ropaiHif Mafiop HaMuc-Yabi npcBbmiacTbdoiocboh_ npaBa h cmmiet CBoe noseaeHHe npaBiuibiiuM. npocjiaBjieiiHOMy reiiepaay' naiiipiiiioBy npHXOflHTCHeecTHGoAbiuyro xponoTAHByio paGoTy nonepeBocriH- T2HHio HaMuc-yjibr, apyrax KOMamiHpoBk GolluoB. riocTeneHHo eMy yaaeT- cacaeaaTb H3 MafiopajuiciiHnaHHHpoBaHiioro KOMaiiAiipa, a H3ero Gara.’ib- oaa—o6pa3uoBoe BOHHcxoe noApa3«CJieHi{C. Cepbe3Hofl yaaneB apaMaTypros HB-merca co3aaiiHe o6pa3a renepaaa riamJiHvTOBa. Oh pHcyerca b nbece nan TpefloBareabHufi n yMiiufl KOMananp, BSyMHHBbifl h ym'-'ibiil BocnHTareAb, HecrnfiaeMbiRnGeccTpaiuHwft bohh. Han- Gonee noAHO h raydoxo oh H3o6pajKea nan KOMaHanp-BocnKTaiejib. B pe- syabTaTe ero yMeaoro BocnaTanna CTanoBHTca aneunnaminpoBaiiHbiM Ha- Mnc-yjibi, coBepraaeT reponnecKHfl noflBnr paaoBofl Toaeren ToxTapoa, koto- poMy nocMepmo 6hiao npncBoeHO SBanne Tepoa CoBeTcxoro Coioaa. B ocnoBe uenTpaxbHoro KOHcJianKTa b nbece «rBapana aec™» .nesKar pa3.iipmbie B3raaabi r-iannhix nepconaweB Ha eonpocu BonHcsoro aoara a AHciunuiHHbi. ripecaeaya oaHy n ry we neat,—HanGonee Gucrpyfl pa3rpoM epara, nancjin-aoB n HaMNC-YAbr Beayr ceGa no-pa3HOMy. TeHepaa aoGn- Baerca corjiacoBamioc™ oGiuhx aeficTBHfi, ycn.nift, noaniHeima nocrynnoB oiaeabHHX aioaeft oGmefi uean, npnyqaei' aioaeB K Bbraepaute, TepneHHio, pacqeranBOMy BeaeHHio boBhu. Mafiop we Hecaepwan, aeaaer ynop Ha repoHHecKHe rioaonrH oTaeabHbix GoBuob. Himpecbi aejia TpeGyior ii3Mene- HHanoBeaeHHa HaMtac-yjibi, sroro renepaa h aoGHBaerca. BoflHa cosercKoro Hapoaa npoTHB 0auiHcrcKHX 3axBaTMHK0BTenepbCTa- aaywe pea.'ibiibiM c|)aKT0M, aeflCTBiiTeabHocn,io, KOTOpaa Tpe6ooaaa raydo- xoro H3yieiiHH h KOHKpeTHoro oToGpaweHHa. Mewav TeM b HeKOTopux cay- aaaxnncaTejiH nbiraancbModpawaTb 3TyHOByioaeficTBHTeabHOCTbcrapuMH cpeacTBaMH, Hepeaxo aGcrpaKTHO, 6e3 3HaHaa aeaa h rayGonax o6o6meHHfl. B Ka3axcK0H AHTepatype, Kax nonra bo Bcex coBercKHX bocto'ihux aurepa-

ycwmax cobctckhx HapoaoB npH ofiopoHe cBoefi POAHHU. hh npan.ibi o HanpHMep, b nbece .OfinaweiiHbiH kjthhok* («KbiHanTaH KbUMiu*) M. AyaadBa h T. MycpenoBa (1945), cos«aHHofi raione iia Marepiia.ie 6oe- bux aeiiCTBHii namjnuioBCKOfl aiiBH3HH, aBTOpu BMecTO npae.viBoro noKa3a repoH3Ma BOHHOB-naTPHOTOB nocTaBH.'iii b neirrp npoH3BeaeHim aioGoBHbie nepewHBaHHHcbohx ncpconaweR. fleflcTBae ntechi HaiHiiaercH bjrciib boAhu. flea repos — pyccK«9 h Ka3ax — BaK>6aenM b oany aeByui$y, h ace Tpoe cnyxaftHO nonaaaioT b oflHy iacTt. OSa jieftretiaitTa copeBHyioTcs b noaBM- rax, BToSbi 3aBoeBaTbpacnoaoweHse aeByuiKH. OHa rB6Her npHuiTypMe Bep- a»Ha. BofiHa 3aecb OKaaaaacbroabKO 4>okomaas «aio6oBHoroTpeyronbHHKa» MoTHBHpoBKa bohhckoBao6aecTH repoeB noayimiacb coBepmeHHo Hey6ean- B Ka'jaxcKofi apasaTyprsH Gujih nonbiTKH cosaaTb BocnKraTeabHO-naT- pHOTH'tecKHe npOH3BeaeHHS Ha (JjosbKnopHUX MaTepnaaax, xotb b Oo.ibUiHH- cTBe c.iyiaeB hm we conyTCTBOBaaa yaaia. B nbece «KoBep XoMapra* A. Ta>KH6aeB h T, Pouiaab CTpeMHaHCb aaaeropHiecKH noKa3aTb 6opb6v Hauiax aroaefi c 3axBaTBHKaMH. Oiih H3o6pawajrn (paunicTOB BeabMaMH— 3Ke3Tb!pHaKaMH, npHTOM am BeabMbi, BonpeKH bcskhm 4>onbKnopHbiM Tpa- aHUHHM, 6bum noBewy-ro MyjKCKOro poaa. yBaeaeHHe aaaeropHBMH h CHMBO.iasiHnpnBeao A. TawafiaeBa k Hans- cawHio HaefiHo-nopoiHofi nbecu «Mbi — Ka3axH», cnpaBeaaHBo noaBeprHyB- rneiica KpHTHKe b nocaeBoeiiHOM riocTaHOB-ieiiiiH UK BKn (6) «0 penepTya- pe apaMai-HiecKHX TeaTpOB a Mepax no ero yayqmeHHio*. OaHofi M3 ocoBeHHOCTefi cobctckhx xyaowHHKOB BoeHHoro Bpewemi <5bi- nohx cTpeMaeuHe nocraBHTb h pa3peiunTb MHorae ncHxoaormecKHe npo6ae- MU, B03HHKU!He B CB33HCHCnbITaHMSMH BofiHhl. npeanpHHsa nonarey coaaaTb apaMy aa octpo ncHxo.noniqecKHX no- aoweHHsx apawarypr UI. XycaHHOB. Era aayxaKTHas nbeca «Cepaue, aio6s- ujee Hapoa* paccKasuBana o tom. Has jiefrreHaHT Aftaap nocae HCKoropbix KKOoaJeie6oaaHHHHall nnnpHHKKfala3na.nf1 (OiTTwKpi'ibjTitkb oroHb no a-.o.M..y, „b _k_o_to__p_o_m__p_a_c_n_o_a_o_wwf_a_c_s neMeuKHB lUTao, ho b kotopom naxoaH.aacb n era poanas Mam AioCoBb k rDa7Mnnn°ort»wu Kn ! ^ Cb CHJIbHee- °anaKo nbeca 6tuia HacuweHa Ma.io-

PafioiHe-maxTepa caMOOTBepjKeHHUMTpyaoMb mny KyioT noGeay. yxoaa- uiero Ha (|>poht craxaiiOBua-maxTepa Epdoaa 3aMeHflioT TOBapHiua. A. A6a- uieBb nbece «BAHTeabHocTb» («Kb[paPbi,iun», 1942) nbiTaaca noaHHTb Te- wy BaHTeabHOCTHb mny, oanaxo cnpaBHTbcac Heft He cyMea. Pa3o6aa>remie •COBeTCKHMH JIIOAbMH([laiUHCTCKHX uinHOHOB, npOHHKIUHX Ha BoeHHMft 3aBoa b Ka3axcTan, no cBoeiuy H3o0paweinirci HanoMHHaeT anaaornmiue ciiryauHH aerexTHBHoro poMaHa: o6pa3bi b nbece (fraabuiHBbi, BoeHHue roau iipeacraBAHioT eawHuft aran b pb3bhthh coBercxoft hcto- pKxecxofi flpaMaTypriiH. B BoeHHoe BpeMH, Kax HHXoraa, bhcoko noAHsniocb lyBCTBOHaiiHona.ibHofi coBeTCKOft ropaocra Haorax HapoaoB, yrayGxaocb no- HKMaHHe HCTOpHH, nponcimaocb OTiiouieiine k TpaaHUHHM npoiuaoro. B co- BeTCKoft apaMaryprHH 6ua co3aan pun nbeco BbiaaroiuHxca pyccxax BoeHa- va-UHHKax: «AjrexcaHap IleBCKHft* O. JIirroBCKoro h K. OcHnosa, «Ky3bMa Mhhhii» B. KocTbuieBa hT. JIohaohh, «rierp BarpaTHOH* r. MaHBaHH, nbe- cuoS HBaue Tpo3H0MA. Toaeroro, H. CeabBHHCXoro, B. Co.ioBbCBa h flpy- flbecbi o Bbraaioiuiixca .noanx npoiuaoro iio5ibahiotch bo mhoihx Gpar- ckhx .iHTcparypax xapoaoB CCCP. HoKa3 HauHOHajihHbix repoeB, ach- Teaefi nepeaoBoft xyabTypu, .'iHTeparypbj, 6opuoB3a Hau'.ioHH.ihHyio cBoGoay KHe3aBHCHMOCTb, 3a nporpecc b npomaoM 6wi ocoGemio caoeBpeMeHBUM hHpe3BbmailHo noyHHTejibHHM HMeiiHO b nepaoa BOHHbi, Koraa 4>amHcrcKHe xaHHHOaabi c xaaaHoxpoBHbiM uhhh3mom VHiiiTowajiH HaKomieHiiue BexaMii AOCiHaeHHH Kyabrypai nepeaoBoro leaoBeaecrBa. Hapaay c nbecaMHo coBpeMeiiHocra Ka3axcKHeapaMatypra crpeMiumcb C03aaTb iiarpHOTHaecKiie nhecu c hctoph'ICckhmh repoaMH. B 1943 roay C. MyxatroB, nanpHMep, 3axoH'iHA nbccy o xa3axcKOM npocBemeae h yne- hom MonaHe Ba.iHxanoae («HHTb ApnaaHbi»). B 1944 roay Ha caeHe uuia naecaIII. XycaHHosa iAMaHreab.au®, nocBsmeimaHrepoio rpawaaHcxoft boB- hu, nepBOMy Ka3axcxoMy GoabineBHKy AMaure.ibau HMaHOBy. Xoth nbecu C. MyxaHOBa «HHTb ApHaaHbi* h UI. XycaaHOBa «AMaH- reabaH» ne 6li.ih Haeftiio ouniGorauMH. oanaxomx xyaowecTBeBHHfl ypoBeHb Gua HeBbicoK. C. MyxaHOB nouieji no nyra noBepxHOCTHoro lui.iiocTpHpoBa- hbh cBeaeiinil H3 6iiorpac)>HH raaBHoro repoa nbecu Moxana BajwxaHOBa, npHHeMb Heurpe 6buia nocias-iena hctopkb .nofioBHbix oTHouieHHft Moxana ncaywaHKH era Marcpn, a Taxwe apyrae 6bm>Bhie Brareoabi. Honan hbho MoaepHH3HpoBaH. BiuiOTbao Toro, hto no xoay nbecu oh MiiTaeT«MaHii([>ecT KoMMyiiHCTHHecKoft napTHH®. ri0Ka3 ayuieBHbix nanecTB HoxaHa noaMeneH paccxaaoM o hhx. ITbeca XycaHHOBa «AMaHrem>AU» nanoMHiiaaa b roau BeaHxoft Ore- HecTBeiiHoft BOHHbi o c-iapiihix GoeBux TpajHiuiax Ka3axcKoro Hapoaa nepHO- aa boShu rpajKaaHCKoft. III. XycaHHOB oxBaraBaeT oSuiHpHbifi MaTepnaa h Gonunoft OTpe30K npe\\ieHn, b ueHTpe ero apaMU ctoht peajiuiaa HCTopn'ie- cxaa aHHHOCTb. OanaKO h 3toA nbece b 3HaxHTeabHoft CTeneHH cBoilcTBen- Ha HjynocrpaTHBHocTb. flpaxiaTypr ao KOHua He OBaaaea MaTepna.iOM, lie nocTaaHa nepea co6oft hcko oiepHCHHoft umh, ne no3a6oTHaca o ncnxono- niiecKoft MOTHBHpoBKe aeftCTBHii nepcoHawefl. AlHonie DTopoCTcnciiHbie nep- coHajKH HCTOpHnecKHh ncHXoaorHHecKH HenpaBaonoaoSHU: Tax, HanpHMep, Xayxe, apyr AMaiire-ibau, BUCTynaeT xaxaM-To cxa3o>iHUM repoeM. Heya3- BHMbiM SaTbipoM, coBepuiaioiaHM yMonoMpaxHieabHue noaBHra. npaBAHBue o6pa3U HcropHiecKHX aeareaefl He 6uan c aoawHOft y6e- axTeabHocTbio BOcco3aaHu hh b «H hthApHaaHbi*, hh b sAManreiuaio, nos- TOMy aaxoHOMepHo, mto nepnan H3 arox apaM craaa Toabxo «nbecoft aaa TOHHHa, a BTopan nocae aayx-Tpex cneKraxaeft coinaa co cueHbi.

Ka3axcKne apauarypra, CTpeMHCb nouoib Hapoay b ero 6opb6e b rsnue- jiyio Rim crpaHtj roAiiny, oGpawajmcb k TeMaM coapeMeHiioCTH, k tcmbm KCTOPHH, K (bonbKJiopiibiM MaTepnajiaN c HaMepenneM coaaaTb narpHOTH-ie- cKiie npoH3BeaeHH8. OaHaKO bto cTpeiueime He Bceraa 6bjjio ycneuinuM. B oanoMcay'iae ne xBaTaaoMacrepcTBa, bapyroM He Gun ao KOHua TBop'iecKii ocboch Marepnaa, b rperbeM 6ua HapyuieH noaviHHHo naprafiHbiii noaxoa k lOofipawaeMOMy. BwecTe c reM noTeMaTHKe na3axcsaa apaMaTyprnn b roabi boBhm maa bnory co Bceii coBeTCKoft aHTepaxypon, crpeMiuiacb co3aaTb narpHOTH'iecKHe npoH3BeaeiiHH, HapucoBan. o6pa3bi aioaefi, aocTofiiibix noapawaiiHsi. B pa3BHTH« airreparypiio-oSmecTBeHiioro annweima b Ka3axcraHe Goab- njyio pojib nrpaaa pccny6;iHKancKas! nepiioannecKasi neiaTb, na crpaiiHuax koTopofi nySjiHKOBa.iHcb KpHTHqecKue cTatbH h MaTepnajibi napTiiiinoii opra- HH3auHH pecnyfi.iHKH, Hueiomue npHHUHnaaabHoe 3Ha>ieHne b GopbGe 3a HaeSKocTb jiHTepaTypbi h HCKyccTBa npoTHBbchkhx H3BpameMHfi. Ha i;,i3ax- ckoma3bjKe BbixoaHx xtypnaji «MafiaaH» («<I>ponT»). BOKpyr Koroporo B ro- AU Boftabi cnaaiHBaaiicb TBopqecKHe chjin. Pa3BHDajiacb b 3th roau h jimeparypHan KpHTHKa. ycneiBHO Beaiicb HCcaeaoBarejibCKHe paGora no npoGaeMaM Ka3axcKoii jiHieparypH 11Ka3ax- x HCTOpimjiHTepaTypbi Goabuiyio noMouib Ka- a A. C. Opaoua, npoijjeccopa B. M. >Knp- •- Cepbe3Hue craTbH 06 AGae Gbuii namicaiibi M. Ay330BUM; C. MyKaHOBUM, X. ZlwyMa.taeBbiM, A. TawnGaeBUM, B. Ken- weGaeBUM, M. C. CnabMeiiKO, E. HcMaii-aonuM, B. IUa.iaGaeuwM a CBH3H co CToneTHeM cd ahb poxmeiwii KjiaccHKa Ka3axcKoii jnrrepaiypu. Rbr Bunyc- xa «H3BecTHfl» Ka3axcKoro d>H.raajia AH CCCP (1944 — 1945) b ochobhom Bh.™ nocBHiueHu BonpocaM hctophh nasaxcKofi JiHTepaTypbi, TBop'iccrBy Ha CTpaHHuax pecnyGjiHKaHCKHX ra3eT h wypnaJioB nacro nosB.in.ancb peueraiiH h oG3opnbic craTbH o coc-roamra h3aaauax Ka3axcKO0 AHrepaTypu lyaeuiesa, M. H. \"teTHcoBa, R. KenweGaeBa, E. HcMan.ioBa n ap. Muo- rocTaTefl Gbijio HanncaHoo apaMaTHnecKHx honepHUx npoH3BeaeHHax, mea- uihx b to BpeMa na cuenax TeaTpos pecny&WKH. B oGcyxcaenan npoH3Beae- \"*a. \"“ yccTBa aimiBHoe yiacrne npmumaji H3BecTHbiB KOMno3Hrop, yie- BMii-My3UKOBeaA. JKyGanoB. Hapaay c jnrrepaTypon pa3BHBa.iacbTearpaah- Haa n My3biKajibHaa KPHTHKa. BoflHbl 6u.ni saaoBo HanHcaiia m cymecTBeiino aonojineiibi KHHra r M i/ !^ 0llaTn \"° Ka3axCKOi> JiHTcparype. Bbi.ia onyfi.niKOBaHa KKHra b.. MyKaHOBa «OqepK KaaaxcKOfi aH-repafypbi XVIII —XIX bb.», OAKHaa3xaoxCBK5OH0eKaOHTToeppuaxiyypque, GnHK■auxiachcHxiJpmecKraouMHaHTHeHeX*anHpMoeBjiH. jiorn R 0KKae*n’ o0cirUa,TOKC.T.O.PHOHxHaCeroOuDeibi.HbBanaaaecTHAoSHTepaTypBHnoaejmHbacTaeeaonpeaion«peoamH-- hctophh T mm H HeaoCTaTKH’ AonynieHHbie b Hccaeaonamm CTbio pacKpHTHKOBaHbi JiHrepaxypHofi oGmecTBenHO- AcuK.ofi'napT*H\\a^3aKxMcTaaii^a^nUo ^HAe\"ojio0rH8«ecnKocHTMaHB0oMnepHo\"csa'xM W nocKjioeMBMoeyHnHncuTeHMroe-- b B w ™ B o M Om m m m m

COBCTCKHX HapoflOB IipOflBHjiaCb C HCBlUaiil'OH CH.IOft KaK Ha (|)pOHTe, TaK H bTHjry. OHa iiauiJia cBoeorpaweHHet3kjkchbeme Gojiee yKpenHBuiHxciicbh- 3axiiH-repaTyp Bcex Hapoaoe iiauieil cTpaHU. riacaTe-iH H3 coio3hux pecnyO- jkk nepeBOflHT npoii3BeAenHH pyccKHX jiHiepa-ropoB, a pyccxne nacaTejiH senator AOCTOHHHeMBceii cOBeTCKoft o6mecrBeHHocTH jiyqmHe npoiraBeAemia SpaTCKHXjiHTepaTyp. Ha K33axcKnft h3hk nepeBOAmmcb npoH3BeAeHHHpyc- 3ckhxnncaTejieft, HanpHMep, r. MycpenoBUMnepeBejeHu otphbkh H3noBecra M. lUo.ioxoBa «Ohh cpawajmcb a Pommy*, nyGjiHUHCTH'iecKne ctbtlx H. 3peH6ypra. IIlnpoKoe yqacTHe coBeTCKBe imcaTejia npHHSwm b loGmiee baBrycre 1945 roaa, Kowa oTMeqajiocb craiente co aha pomaeHHab&bhkoi'O nosia, ocHOBonoJioKHHKa Ka3axcKoS niich.MeHHoSAHTepaTypbi A6as KvHaH- 6aeBa. B Mocnse b ueiiTpanbiioM H3AaTc.iLcree bhuijio 11a pyccxoM H3bii<e co6paHHe coHHHeHHfl A6aa, nepesoAbi Koroporo 6ujih ocymecTB.ieiiti pyc- B roaw BejiHKofl OreqecTBeHHofl boBhm b xa3axcKoB cobctckoBjurrepa- type aKTHBHo npoHBHAHCb iiaKonaeiiiibie eio b nocaeoKTSiSpbcKHli nepHoa bu- cokhb KaxecTBa. TepoHiecKaa Ae8cTBHTe.ibHOCTb cnocoOCTBoBaaa oOorame- hhk) jiHTepaTypu HOBUMHTeMaMH, HfleiiMH, ofipasaMH. Kax HHKoraa yray6- aeuHo paapaOarbiBa.iacb TeMa coaeTCKOro naTpHOTH3Ma h Apy»6u HapoaoB, HanepsbiA naan BbJaBara.icn KOJMieKTHBHhift oGpa3 HapoAa—reopua hcto- B Mae 1945 roaa Ha X n-ienyMe IlpaBJieHHHCoio3a cobbtckhx nacare- aeS, BUCTynaa c AOK.ia.aoM «CoBercKan HHieparypa h OreqecTBemian boh- aa», H. Thxohob otmctiu Bbwaiomytocsi po.ib GpaTCKHX JiHTepaTyp b Bocnw- T3hhhcoBeTCKoro HapoAa h btom HHCjieyKa3aa Ha necHH.HwaMGyjia, poMan M. Ay33oBa «AOafta, aBTo6Horpa<t>HqecKHe paccna3hi C. MynanoBa «IllKOjia KH3HH*. Ka3axcKaa jHrrepaiypa no cnjie ariiTaiuioiiiioro xapaKTepa, no 3aTparn- BacMWMero npofijieMaM noaiiHMajiacb Ha HOByio cryneiib. llepBOA BeaiiKoB OrenecTBCHHoS boShh b Ka3axcKoft jmrepaType, KaK h bo Bcex AKiepaTypax HapOAOB CCCP, HBHJICH OOAbUIHM 3Tan0M B P33BHTHH COHIiaaHCTH'ieCKOrO pea;m3Ma. HoboB ee qepTOfi, KaK h Bcefi coBeKKofl JiHTepaiypu, cra.ia mho- roreMHOCTb, CTpeMJiemre iuhpoko oxBaTHTb ifcropimeeKiie coGuraa sthxJter. IlHcaTejiH bbc.th b jmrepaTypy HOBbie oCpaau, o6pa3M BOHHos-Ka3axoB, OTcraiiBaioiuHX cbo6oav h He3aBHCHM0CTb Poahhu, pacKpuan hx jiyqniHe HauKOHajibHbie qepThi, noKa3a.iH repoHieciuiil Tpya «a3axcKoro HapoAa b cio- Momb dipoHTy. Ka3axcKan coBeTCKan jiirrepaTypa Buociuia BecoMbifi BKJiaAb naTpaoTH- xecKoe BocnHTauHe Hapoaa. Ho BMecTe c TeMbo mhotom OHa eme 3naqHTe,Tbiio OTCTaBaaa or Tpe- foBaHHft JK113HH. Orjejibttbie imcarejnt b cbohx npoH3BeaeHHsx AonyCKann HAefiHue oiuhOkh, Mpe3MepHo yBJieKaJiacb (poabKAopiiofl h nceBAOHCTopHie- cKofi TeMaTHKofi, HAea.iH3npoBa.iH npoiuaoe. A Bonpoc 06 HAeniiocrH ahts- parypbi b BoeHHoe BpeMH Bcraji KaK hhkotab octpo. UeiiTpa.ibiibiH Ko- MHT6T KoMMyUHCTHieCKOfi napTHH B nOCTaHOBJieilHHX « 0 COCTOHHHHHMepax yayMuieHHH MaccoBO-nOAHTHiecKOfi h HAeoaomecKofl paSoTbi b TaTapcKofl naprailHofi opraHH3auxn> (1944) H «0 coctoshhh h Mepax yaynueiiHH arw- TauHOHHo-nponaraHAHCTCKoft paOoTbi b BaniKHpcKofi napTHBHoii opraHH3a- uhh» (1945) ocoGo yKa3biBaa Ha cepbesHbie HaeoaorH'iecKHe cpuBbi, BMeB- lune Mecro b ocBemesiHH HcropHiecKoro nponuioro. 3th noCTaaoB-ieHna oKa- 3ariHcepbe3Hyio noMombK33axcKHM nHcaTeasMh yqeHhiM b 6opb6e 3a HAeft- Hyio HHCTOTy Kasaxcxofl .iHTepaTypbi. TeMGonee, qro b -inTepaTypoBeAeimi! HiieAHMecro noflo6uue iwefiBue ouih6kh b oueHKe il)eOAa-ibHora anoeq.

KoMMyHHCimecKaa napraa yxa3aaa cobctckhm niicaTe.niM BepHbift nyrb k noBuiuemuo naeHiio-xyiioJKecTBCHidoro ypooHa hx npoH38Meinifi, k najib- iieiiweMy pa3BHTHK> .iHrepaTypu h HcayccrBa b nepHOA, Koraa cob6tckhS Hapofl o6ecne<ma ce6e bo3mo* iiocxi>CHOBa3anHMaTbca mhphum, ccoiuaTeab- hum TpyaoM h Bnaomyio npHCTynn.a k crpomanbCTBy KOMMyiiH3Ma b nauiefl

J1HTEPATVPA B nOCJlEBOEHHUE rOflbl HoBbie HCTopHiecKHc yc^OBHH 3KH3HH coBeTCKoro Hapo«a, oaepwaB- mero HCTopiiHecKyio nofieay b BeAHKofi OreiecracHHofl BoflHe, onpeaeaiinK a aoBue HjxGHHo-TBopiecKHe npo6jieMu MuoroHauHOHanbHofi coeercKofi jth- Teparypbi. Ha 3T0M Kciopii'ieCKoM 3rane KoMMyHHCTHiecKasi napTiia npn- HHMaer a 1946—1948roaax pan BaoKHefiiroix peuxeHHfi, b Koropux ocBe- TOMiiCb nyTH pa3BHTHHJiHrepaxypu h HCKycCTBa, onpeaeaajiCH pocThxnaefi- noS 3peaocTH, xyaowecTueiiHoro xaiecTBa. HcTOpH'iecKne nocrraHOB- ■iKHm UeHrpaabHoro Ko.MHTeia KoMMyiracraaecKOfl napnm no BonpocaM aHTepaTypu h HCKycCTBa HaaeaHaaaH cobctckhx iracaTeaeii iia 6oaee ray- <0Koe 0CBeu;eHne jkh3hh Hapoaa, Ha C03aaHHC o6pa3a ltoaowHTeabHoro rcpoa aaiuero Bpe.ueira— neaoBeica Tpyaa, erpOHreAH hoboto, kommvhh- ciHaeCKoro o6mecTBa, Ha BbidBaeiiHe ero bucokhx MOpaabHux KanecTB, Comoro BHyTpeHHero MHpa, Ha yTBepwaeHiie nae0 cobctckoto naTpno- TH3M3, apywCbl HapOflOB, 6opb6bI 3a MHp. HoBbrfl TBOpiecKHH noaMM Ka3axcKofl aHTepaTypu b nocaeBoeiwuS nepuoa 6ua ooycaoaaeH KopeHHbiM iiobopotou micaTeaeft x H3o6pawe- aHto JKH3HH cobctckhx aioaeii, k npofiaewaM iraiueft acficTBHteabHocTH. Bo see BeayuiHe xattpu AHTeparypu boiibia h npoiHo yTBepanaacb TeMa coBpeMeHHoCTH, raaBHUMH repoaMH CTa-maio.au Hauinx a«e0, o6orauieH- Hue onbiTOM boShu, yrjiy6.iniouiHe cboh HHTcpHau.HOHaabHue cb»3H c apyrawH HapoaaMH, ocofienno CTpaH HapoaHoS aeMoKparaH. B pe3yabTare btoto HeH3MepMMO pacompHnocb HaefiHo-TeMaTHiecKoe coacpaaiiHe aHTepaTypu. PyKoeoACTByncb iiojihthkoAnapraH, nHcareaHcrpe- MHaHCb 3araHHyTb b 6yAyaee, ocBCTHTb k nc«y nyra, rroKa3an. HOBbte, ^opMHpyiomHecii •lepra aeficTBHTeabHocTH. Baaroaapa HeycramiUM 3a6o- taM napTHH na3axcKan aHTcpaTypa CTaHOBHica AHTepaTypoS Bcecoio3Horo 3HaaeHHH, c jiyniHHMH ee npon3BeaeHnnMn 3HaKOMHTca He TO.TbKO coBer- CKHS, HOH HHOCTpaHHuB 'IHTaTCab. B Mae 1949 roaa Ha aenaae Ka3axCKoro HCKycCTBa h aHTepaTypu b MocKBe Ka3axcKaa aHTcpaTypa aeMOHCTpHpyeT cboh 6oabime ycnexn. B 1949 roay poMaHy M. Ays308a «A6afi». Kan BuaaiomeMyca npoH3Be- aeiuno coBercKoft aHTepaTypu. npacyxaaeTCH CraAHHCKas npeMHH nep- boBCTeneHH, K Aexaae buxoaht Ha pyccKOM H3HKe caeaviomHe npon3- ieaema Ka3axcKHx nHcaTeaeB: «A6afi» (nep. A. HHKoabcxoB, T. Hyp- Ta3HHa, Ji. Co6oaesa), «Mn.viHOiiep» h «IIlnraHaK» (nep. 10. JlHOeaHH- ckoto), «CoaaaT H3 Ka3axcTaHa» (nep. noa peaaKuHeft Cr. 3ao6HHa), «BoTaro3» (nep. H. Ulyxoaa) H AP- TBOpnecKaa apywSa na3axcKHX nHcaieaefl c hsbocthumh pvcckhmh DucaTeaHMH A. ttaaeeBUM, Be. HBanoBUM, H. Co6oaesuM, K. Chmoho- bum, B. r opdaTOBUM, hx apywecKoe 3a6oiaHBoe OTHOiueHHe k Ka3axcKO0 amepaxype. BucKa3usaiiHs o ee pa3BHTHH h BuaaiouiHxcH ycnexax (oco- 6eHH0 o pOMaHe «A6a»») curpa.m HeMaayio poaW b yKpenaeHim b33hmo- CBH3eapyCQKOfi H K333XCK0H AHTSpaiyp. CBHAereAbCTBOM aipy!K6u 6paT-



6h.ih HasBamj poMaHu M. Ays3ona «A6a8», «flvTb A6aa» h C. Myna- «0Ba «BoTaroa», cthxh K. A.Man!KoaOBa, poMaic r . MycpenOBa «CojiaaT H3Ka3axcTaHa» h nbeca cKosbi-Kopneoi —BanH-Cjiy* m flpyrue. HoboH iepToi5 jiHTepaTypaoro npouecca nocjieBoeHHtix ner sremiocb pacnmpeHHe JiHTepaTypHux cB>i3eft He toxbko Me>Kay OpaTCKHMH (ocoSoh- ho pyccKofi) JiHTepaTvpaMH, ho h VKpenjieHHe sthx CBH3eii c aiiTepaTy- paMHcTpaK HapoflHOfi aeMOKpaTHH. Bbicrynan fiopuaMH sa Map, yTBepxK- laa MHpomoOmiyio nojiHTHKy coBeTCKOfi cTpaHw, Ka3axcKHe nncarejiH yepeBoflnT npoH3BefleiiHa (O.myca <I>y>niKa, ItebiMa XmcMera, flaCao Hepyaw, npoH3BcaeiiHa KiiTaiicKoft. neiucKoB, BeHrepcKOfi, hhshhckoB, ko- pciicKofi JiHtepaTyp. KaaaxcKHft napoa Ha pom'OM ;i3b!Ke 3iiaK0MH-rcn c aocTiDKeHHBMH nporpeccHBHofi JiHTepaTypbt 3apy6e>KHbix cTpan, oco6eH- ,'hocrpaa Hapoaiioft aesioKpaTHH. B cbb3h c sthm uihooko pa3pafiaTbiea- E HOBaa TCMaTHKa naaaxcKOft jiHTepaiypw, noMepnHyTaa H3 >kh3hh iiapoaoB. Tax, HanpHMep, noHBaaiOTCH ctHxOTBopeHHH o Kniae h !e, o Kpemiymefi jpyjKfie cobctckoh CTpanu co CTpanaim Haponiiofi UeHTpajibiian neiatb ynejincT 6oJibmoe bhhm8hhc KaaaxcKoll JiHTepa- 3Type, nyCjiHKyei ciaTbH BeaymHX coBeTCKHX kphthkob o jiynurax npoH3- seaeHHflx iiHcaTeaefi Ka3axcTawa. Ha Bcecoio3nyro TpH6yny bwxopht jih- lepaTypoBeaHecKaH Mucab Ka3ax<rraHa, nyfiauKyioTCH opHnwaabHue ctaTtHM. Ay330Ba, C. MynaHoBa h apyrax no BonpocaM pa3BHTHBjMTe- paTyp Hapo.poB CCCP. OrfleflbiiwMH H3aaHHHMH b Mockbc, a TaKwc b wypitajiax «Oicrafipb», <3HaM»», cHoBbifi MHp», «3Be3aa», «flpyw6a HapoaoB* nyOaHKViOTca npoH3BeaeHHB na3axcKHX nHcaTenefi h no9T0B: poMaiiu M. AyssoBa, C My- Kaaoaa, F. Mycpenoaa, r. Mycra(l)HHa, A. CapceHOaeiia, T. AxiaHOBa, nbecHA. ASnuieBa, cthxh T. JKaponoea, X. Epraimeiia, X. BexxoHama, X Ca«Ha, C . Mayaeuosa, A. Ta>KK6aeBa, bnxoaht c6ophhkh xa3axCKofi B033HH «ConiieMHhiS aeab>, «CeroAH5niiHHfi aeHb*. cSopHHK «Ka3axcKHe paccKa3bi», «ribecbi xa3axcKHX ApaMaryproB* n ap. OrpoMHoe xojiHiecT- bo npoH3BefleHnil xaaaxcKHX imcaTe.'iea 11a pyccKOM H3HKe buuiao b 1968roay b cbb3h c AexanoB Ka3axcicofl .iiiTepaTypu h Hcxyccraa b Mock- Be. Bnepsue 6ujio ocymecTBxeno raioKe noanHcnoe MiiororoMnoe H3aaiiHe cofipaiiHft co'iHiieHHft M. Ay330Ba, C . MyxanoBa, F. MycpenoBa, T. Mycra- 4nmaK.aaaxcKHe rmcaTeaH b noejieBoeHHue roan bcavt 6oJibinyio pafiOTy bo Bcecoio3HOM Komhtctc aamHTbi MHpa, na naeiiVMax npaBaeHHH Coi03a eOBeTCKHx HHcaTeaeft, Kax aenyrarbi BepxoBHoro CoBeTa Ka3CCP (C. My- xairoB, M. Aya30B, T. MycraiJmH, H. KyfieeB) h BepxoBHoro CoBera CCCP (r. MycpenoB). nHcaie-ni Ay330B, MyxaHOB, Mycpenoa—axaaeMHKH AxaaeMHH Hayx KajaxcnoB C C P ; nHTopaTypooeau h kphthkh flatyMa- vrueB h HcMaHJioB, micaTCAb MycTatpnH—'ueHbi-KOppecnoHaeH™. «IIlKOjia WH3HH* C. MyxaHOBa. «A6ail» h «IlyTb A6aa» M. Ay930Ba, <U!xraHaK», «Mho4hokcp» T. MyciaipHiia, «CoaaaT H3 Ka3axciaHa» r. MycpenoBa, paccxa3y C. OMapoBa, M. HMaHwaHOBa nepcBeaenu Ha Mtiome >:3hkh OpaTCKHX hapoaon CCCP h crpaii HapoaHoB aeMoKpatHH. Hnrepecno, hto b MexocnoBaKHH nepeBoau 3thx khht ocymecTBaaioTca ae- nocpeacrneHHO c S3uxa opHnraaaa. B repMaHCKoii ZleMoKparanecKoB pec- oyBaHKe Bumea Ha neiieuKOM aawKe c6ophhk xa3axcKHX smi'iecKiK no3M HCKa30K «3ojioTan iopia», nocBsimeHHMii HapoflHHM aKUHaM h Myxiapy Ays30By. Bee 3to srpKo CBHacTe.ibCTByer o tom, hto xasaxcKan coBeTCKaa jih- TepaTypa CTaHOBHTcn o« hoB H3 nepeaoBbix, mo OHa HMeer cepbe3Hoe BHaoeHiie b yKpenaeHHH MopaabHo-noJiHTHieeKoro eflHHCTBa napoaoB, b

nnrniitaHHH H3WBaeMbie b pecny&iiiKe eweae- c sS a a sa K a s& n S ™ .» b - k - ^ s S \" S S S T T J Z sHHerjieHsHiicKrHX= Iiai=aa s o36raWeciBcm,ioi£i, no”nH. TH=iecKorn *»'3;i/ i Ps i’ b r ^ er a K Z e ^ B \" r e r K o r r e % T r p K . * ~ o .*..«>*- S ^ ihAhoci* HHapoiHocTH BHiepaTypb. npoHH3MBa.ni npor|>3MJ nonoweHH* napTHB no BonpocaM xy.......... uiHe napTHSiiue ioKy«cmu nocnej meB8«3a Teeny*) cBa3b .'iHTcpatypw nocraHoBJiemie UK KHCC .0 6 nenpat .iHKanipy»6a», <Boraaii XMcnbinmKnn, h an nepea cOBeTcxoli JiHTcpaiypofl h HcnyccTBO ____ saaaiH b oro6pa*eHHH coHHajiHCTHtecKoS aeflCTBHre.ibiiocTii, b yrBepx- po.ui Hapoaa nan TBopua HciopnnecKoro npouecca. Tpaaiiumi co- ----------- ---- nrtnrampHHWe BOBaTOpeKHM OBMTOMOpaTCKHX TBopiecKoii np.lKTH npoj; r.naBHofl nepToll, onpeaejiHBuieA npouecc pa3BHTii>i nocaeflooniioS xa3axcK0(i JiHTepaTypbi, HB-isteTcn aiiaiKTeabHufl doikm npoau. C03,wme xpynabix peaaHermecKHXpoMaHOB. B pe3y.ibTare nanpaBaaiouiero pyKOBOaCTBa KoMMyimcTHiecKofi nap- thh, npHHBBtueS HCTopHnocKne peuieHna no HaeoaorHiecKHM BonpocaM, too npeoaonauo orcTaBaHHe 9Toro wanpa, HaMemacsi xopennoii noBO- per k H3o6paweHniopeajiboofl aeficTBHTeabiiocm OsjiaaenHe aeayuiHMH rewaMH coBpeHennocTH, co3aaune KpynHux poMaHOB H noBecreSOTpawanH xapanrepaoe B neaoM ana MiioroHauHO- nanbHofi coBercKoa nmepaiypu CTpesuienHe 3aneiaTJieTb 3HanHTe.'ii.Hbte C06b)THB JKH3HH Bapoaa, MHOrOO<ipa3HylO COBeTCKyiO aeSCTBHTCabllOCTb. Ka3axc*an np03a nocMBOeiuiux aeT pa3BHBaeTca H KpenHeTb nponecce co3aanHn o6pa3a nepeaoBoro coBercKoro nenoBeKa-TpywenHKa. IloSTOMy ee rcHcpaabnuft nyib onpenejineTon Bjiaroaapn nonoKHTenbHOMy onbiTy b pa3pa6oTKe Teiiu couHaaHcTHiecKoro tpyaa, Hepa3puBH0 CBa33HHOro cOopoOofl aa MHp. 3a Hecxo.-it.KO noc-ieisoeHHbix aeT nofiBflBerca croabKo xasaxcKH* pOMaBOB h noBeereB o coapeMCHHOc™. CKonbKO hx He noiiB.ianoch im b H3 nepHoaoB eepassHTBa. PoMaB C. MyxanoBa «Cup-napbB» (1947) HapoaHoB cTpcifiKe opocHteobHoro xaHajia. r. MvCTadiHH craaaer poMaH «M™«oHeD> (1948) o kojixo3hux BOBaTOnax Ssstm t r cce- ° * = °\"axpoP« - «nPBBMbe»H—e«Ke« sepriicc,, ((1l9o4V8); o coBe€rcfKlao?fibHceHjiehcnxopfoicrUoHpTbe),.nn(rnenommiiei a poManaixi »fI . )MycpenoBa «Co.3i«aaoTKr£a

KasaXcraxa*— «Ka3an, cojiflaTbi* (1950); A. HypnexcoBa «KypJiBKAxx> (1950); T. AxTaHOBa «CypoBbie ahm» —«Kahapjibi xyxAept (1953); b noBecrax BaypjxaHa MoMbiiu-yjibi «3a xaua MocKBa> (1952); b paccxa3ax M. raCiiyjijiHHa, K. KaflceHOBa. 06 odweM laopneCKOM nojbCMe padoqero Kxacca x Koxxo3Horo KpccTbxxcTBa mimet T. MypTa3HH a noBecTH«Mypa-r» (1957). riydjiHKyiOTca paccKaau x OMepKH M. Ay330Ba, C. MyxaxoBa, C. OuapoBa, A. CapceadaeBa, C. BeraaHHa, T. CnaxoBa, T. Hypra3HHa. A HypiuaxxoBa o jkh3hh pecnydAxxx, o iiOBaiopax npox3BoactBa, o re- poB3Me rpyjKCirxKOB aejiHHbi, o 3pxMbix qeprax KOMMyxxaMa b 6ury x co3- HaHHHcoBeTCKxx AiOflefi. B. CoKnaxnaeB narner nosecTK min aerefi x ioho- mecTBa, H3 kotopbix ocoSchho BUfleJiaerca noBecrb «B aaaeKOM ayxe» (*AjiMCTaFbi aybuiAa*). B Ka3axcxoA npo30 b stot nepxoa yraepacaaeTca waxp poMaiia.M. Ay- 330b C03AaeT xeTUpeXTOMiiyro nepByio xasaxcKyio anoneio—pOMamj «A6a8» (1942—1947) x «nyTb A 6aa» —«A6afi wojibi* (1952-1956). B poxaHe «ripo6y;KaeHHhifl xpafia — «Ohhf3h eaxe® (1953) I\\ Mycpenoa ocaemaeT BawHeiiiiiyio juix bcbx dpa-rcKiix aXTeparyp TeMy: i|>opMHpoBa- »He Hauxoiia.ibHoro npoaeTapxaTa. xa3axcKoro padoqero oacca b a°- peBoaiouxoHiibie roau. A. CapceHdaea nySnaxyeT poMax *Po*aexxbie na Boaxax®— «ToaxtJHaa rypaHAap* (1953) o peBOJiromioHiiofi dopbde KacnHficKHx -pudaKOB. B hoboh penaKuxx buxoaht poMax C. MyxaxoBa «Boraro3» (1946), paxee H3BecTHbiii noa Ha3BaxxeM «3araaoinoe 3hbmh». 3. IllauiKXH co3AaeT nOBectb sHacrymuio yTpo» o dopbde 3a ycTaHOBJie- Hae Cobctckoh BJiacTH B CeMHpexbe. CrpeMxenxe nxcareaefl r.iydoxo ocMucxxTb hbachkx named jkh3Xh, 6opb6a 3a KOMMyxxcrxqecKyio xaefiaoCTb onpeaexxjix noflB.iemie npo- H3Beaexx0, KOTopue odoraiuaxx Kaaaxcxyio JiHTepaTypy, pa3BHBa.ni MeTOA couHaaxcTxxecKoro pca.iH3Ma. He cjiyxaflxo xa XII rmexyMe C C n CCCP (aexadpb, 1948 r.), xor- sa BnepBBie odcyxcnaacn Bonpoc o coctobiihh Ka3axcxofi axTepaTypbi,. np03a era.aa b ueHTpe bhhmbhxx nxcaTeabCKOfi odineeTBexxocra B 1949 r. A. A. 4>aaeeB b CBoei) peqx b riapxwe xapaKTepx30Bax poMaiibi M. Ays- 30Ba «A6afi» x I\\ MycraifexHa «MxJuiHOHep» Kax npoH3BexeHHn, Aoxa3bi- eaiontiie xex3MepxMbiS Ky.ibTypHbifl poct xa3axcxoro Hapoaa. Baxcxeftmee Mecro b nocaeBoexxofi xa3axcxoS npo3e 3axHMaeT npo- SaeMa noaoJKXTeAbHoro repoa, pojix TpyaoBofl flearejibHOCTH B (JjopMX- poBaHHx jiHXHOcrx qejiOBCKa. Co3Aax>Tcs apxxe odpa3bi nepeaoBxxoB ceabcKoro xo3afiCTBa, padoixx, HHTeAJixremiHH, (tax, HanpxMep, pHCOBoaa- BOBaTOpa Cbipdaa, xoxxo3xoro dpxraAxpa ABdapmx («Cbip-flapba» C. My- KaHoea). arpoiiowa XCoMapTa («MxAJlHOHep» T. MycTa([)HHa), uiaxTepa XCaaadbiiia («KaparaiiAa» T. Mycra^xHa), neaarora JRaxundeKa («riep- aue Mecaubi* M. HnaH*aHOBa), jkhbothoboa3 Bapmaryjib («flaabHxe npocTopu* r. CaaxoBa). nepBbifi nocjreBOCHiibifl poMax C . MyxaaoBa «Cbip-JIaphss, nocBa- WeHHufl repox'iecKOMy Tpyay kojixo3hhkob, CTpoamxx opocHTeAbHbifi xa- aax b nycTHXHOfl crenx, odorama npoay o6pa3aMH coBeTCKxx Tpywe- HBKOB-naTpHOTOB. Hiiea poMaiia— couHaaxcTHxecKxx Tpyn, po«AaK>iuxfi HOBue kom- MyHHCTxqecKxe aepTU Ko.ixo3Horo KpecTbHHCTBa, xyAOJKecToeiiHO pacxpbi- fa b o6pa3ax stxx repoeB. Pxcoboa CbipSaft—qejioBex nbiT.iHBoro yMa, tccho CBH3HH c MxqypHHCKOfi xayKoft. ABfiapuia— Moaoflofl npefleTaBXTeJii> KpecrbaxcTBa. npK3iiaHHbifi Boxcax koaxo3hux xoMCOMcuibueB. 06pa3Haa excreMa poMaxa CTDOHica aa cBoeodpaanoM coqeTaxxx cyaed eiaporo B Moxofloro noKOiieHiifl, npx 3tom aBTOp xhbo a b3boahob3hho noxa3biBaer

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